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All MSFT SEC filings, by type → · Earnings date & implied move · Search inside filings
Latest report (10-Q, filed 2026-10-28). Three months to 2026-09-30 against 2025-09-30: Revenue $92.28B, up 18.8% from $77.67B; Net income $36.63B, up 32.0% from $27.75B; Operating cash flow $58.00B, up 28.7% from $45.06B. Read it line by line, each linked to its source → · Every report →
Microsoft rents computing through Azure, sells Office and Microsoft 365 subscriptions, and licenses Windows. It also owns LinkedIn, GitHub, and the Xbox business, and layers Copilot AI assistants across nearly every product line.
MICROSOFT CORP (MSFT) is a services-prepackaged software company. Piotroski F-Score 6/9. 44 insider Form 4 filings in the last 90 days. Next earnings projected around 2027-01-27 from MSFT's year-over-year reporting pattern (not yet company-confirmed). Fundamentals from SEC filings; prices are end-of-day.
Led by Satya Nadella · see pay & career →
Every filed figure on this page is free to read, dated and sourced; no column is held back for a paid plan. Each section with figures says what date they are true as of and where they come from.
What’s behind MSFT’s latest move — the size, how unusual the volume is, and the catalyst on the tape, explained and cited to the source.
Bill Gates has a published mathematics paper. As a Harvard undergraduate he co-wrote “Bounds for Sorting by Prefix Reversal” (1979) on the “pancake sorting” problem with professor Christos Papadimitriou — and the bound he proved stood as the best known for roughly 30 years.
Source: Wikipedia: Pancake sorting, citing Discrete Mathematics, vol. 27 (1979) · More →
End-of-day bars · delayed, not real-time · data: Databento · studies computed in your browser from these barsCharting by TradingView Lightweight Charts™
XBRL company facts, SEC EDGAR. TTM = last four reported quarters. Valuation ratios arrive with a price source — we don't fake quotes.
FY ending 2026-06-30 vs 2025-06-30. original 1968 formula; calibrated on manufacturers, read financials/REITs with care
| Free cash flow per share | That year | Year before, same report | Change | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fiscal 2026 | 8.99 USD | 9.59 USD | -6.3% | 10-K filed 2026-07-29 |
| fiscal 2025 | 9.59 USD | 9.92 USD | -3.3% | 10-K filed 2025-07-30 |
| fiscal 2024 | 9.92 USD | 7.96 USD | +24.6% | 10-K filed 2024-07-30 |
| fiscal 2023 | 7.96 USD | 8.64 USD | -7.9% | 10-K filed 2023-07-27 |
| fiscal 2022 | 8.64 USD | 7.38 USD | +17.1% | 10-K filed 2022-07-28 |
| fiscal 2021 | 7.38 USD | 5.89 USD | +25.3% | 10-K filed 2021-07-29 |
| fiscal 2020 | 5.89 USD | 4.93 USD | +19.3% | 10-K filed 2020-07-30 |
| fiscal 2019 | 4.93 USD | 4.14 USD | +19.3% | 10-K filed 2019-08-01 |
| fiscal 2018 | 4.14 USD | 4.01 USD | +3.3% | 10-K filed 2018-08-03 |
| fiscal 2017 | 4.01 USD | 3.12 USD | +28.5% | 10-K filed 2017-08-02 |
Concepts read: (us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations - us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment) / us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding; (us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment) / us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
| Diluted EPS | That year | Year before, same report | Change | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fiscal 2026 | 17.95 USD | 13.64 USD | +31.6% | 10-K filed 2026-07-29 |
| fiscal 2025 | 13.64 USD | 11.80 USD | +15.6% | 10-K filed 2025-07-30 |
| fiscal 2024 | 11.80 USD | 9.68 USD | +21.9% | 10-K filed 2024-07-30 |
| fiscal 2023 | 9.68 USD | 9.65 USD | +0.3% | 10-K filed 2023-07-27 |
| fiscal 2022 | 9.65 USD | 8.05 USD | +19.9% | 10-K filed 2022-07-28 |
| fiscal 2021 | 8.05 USD | 5.76 USD | +39.8% | 10-K filed 2021-07-29 |
| fiscal 2020 | 5.76 USD | 5.06 USD | +13.8% | 10-K filed 2020-07-30 |
| fiscal 2019 | 5.06 USD | 2.13 USD | +137.6% | 10-K filed 2019-08-01 |
| fiscal 2018 | 2.13 USD | 3.25 USD | -34.5% | 10-K filed 2018-08-03 |
| fiscal 2017 | 2.71 USD | 2.10 USD | +29.0% | 10-K filed 2017-08-02 |
Concepts read: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
Per filed share, as each report states it. Free cash flow per share is operating cash flow less capital expenditure, over the diluted weighted average share count (or net income over diluted EPS where the count is tagged per share class).
Each year’s change comes from one annual report, which states that year and the year before on the same share basis, and the rate compounds those changes; so a split or a restatement between reports cannot bend it. A rate needs a positive figure at both ends of its window. The DCF above grows total free cash flow and divides by today’s share count, so a per-share rate also carries the buybacks or new shares of those years. These are past figures, not a forecast.
Not shown yet: the P/E range MSFT has traded at, which would set the discount rate and terminal assumptions against its own history. It needs a long daily price history we are not yet licensed to display.
Stage-1 growth down the side, discount rate across the top, with terminal growth at 2.5% and 10 years of stage 1. Every cell runs the same two-stage DCF as the card above, so moving a slider moves the grid.
| Growth ↓ Discount → | 7% | 8% | 9% | 10% | 11% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4% | 232.01 | 188.99 | 159.25 | 137.48 | 120.86 |
| 6% | 272.74 | 220.95 | 185.22 | 159.11 | 139.23 |
| 8% | 320.47 | 258.31 | 215.50 | 184.27 | 160.53 |
| 10% | 376.26 | 301.89 | 250.73 | 213.48 | 185.22 |
| 12% | 441.36 | 352.62 | 291.67 | 247.35 | 213.78 |
| Growth the close implies | 14.1% | 17.1% | 19.8% | 22.2% | 24.5% |
Outlined: your current pair. Shaded: at or above the last close, 521.91 USD. The heavy line runs between the cells on either side of it.
Estimates, not targets. The DCF treats free cash flow as cash flow to equity and divides by shares (the common retail shortcut — it skips net debt and a full WACC), so it’s a sanity-check, not a valuation opinion. All inputs are from MSFT’s SEC filings; change any assumption above and the numbers update live. Educational only — not investment advice.
↓ Download the fiscal-year statement table: XLSX · CSV · revenue, income, EPS, cash flow, balance sheet · from SEC XBRL, dated
As filed. We do not recategorize line items. Each chart plots one XBRL concept exactly as MSFT tagged it: revenue us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax, net income us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss, EPS us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted, period by period; a period the company did not tag on its own is left out, not estimated. A figure that disagrees with the filing is a bug in our extraction, not a policy, and we fix it: report a mismatch.
A plain-English read on MSFT plus an auto-SWOT, built from MSFT's SEC filings and market data, every point cited, nothing invented. Educational, not investment advice.
Four AI analysts, a bull, a bear, a risk manager, and a PM, debate MSFT using only the SEC-filing and market facts below. Every point cites its evidence; nothing is invented. This is educational research, not investment advice.
Ask about MSFT’s revenue, earnings, valuation, filings, insiders or Congress trades. Answers come only from the numbered evidence the research brief uses, each citing the items it rests on. A question about one figure is answered by code, free. One that puts figures together is 1 generation (Pro). A question about whether to buy, sell or hold, how much, or where the price goes gets a refusal.
Educational only — not financial advice. Data from SEC EDGAR public filings; no live market data is shown. Figures reflect the company's own reported XBRL facts and may lag.
Has MSFT been issuing shares? Offering history →
Nothing on file for MSFT from Nov 3, 2026 to Nov 16, 2026 in these sources: earnings date and filing deadline.
| Event | Result |
|---|---|
| Earnings date | nothing in the window. Nothing in the window. The next report is projected around Jan 27, 2027, after it. |
| Filing deadline | nothing in the window. Nothing in the window: the 10-Q for the quarter ending Dec 31, 2026, due 40 days after it for a large accelerated filer, falls due Feb 9, 2027, after it. Newest periodic report on file: the 10-Q for the period ending Sep 30, 2026, filed Oct 28, 2026. filing list on EDGAR |
| Ex-dividend date | not covered. Not checked. This attestation does not cover ex-dividend dates. |
This records what these sources returned when they were read. It is not a forecast: a company can announce an event at any time, and ex-dividend dates are not covered. Window 2026-11-03 to 2026-11-16, Eastern dates. Deadlines follow SEC Rules 13a-1 and 13a-13 and Form 20-F, moved past weekends and federal holidays by Rule 0-3.
Projected from MSFT's own SEC 8-K filing history — the year-over-year reporting pattern (about 47% land the exact day, about 91% within a week, measured across 4,713 past reports). No analyst estimates and nothing invented, and every confirmed date links to the source it came from, so you can check it yourself. It upgrades the momentMSFT files or announces.
MSFT has sold off after 5 of its last 8 earnings reports.
Each figure is one earnings reaction — how much MSFT moved from the closing price the day before a report to the close the day after. Based on its last 8 reports.
Large earnings reactions have been common.
MSFT has traded lower after most recent earnings releases.
The average is inflated by its most volatile prints (+14.7% and -9.8%).
A more typical earnings reaction has been approximately ±6.1%.
Realized close-to-close history only — no options-implied move, no analyst estimates.
| Reported | Close-to-close |
|---|---|
| 2026-10-28 | -0.2% |
| 2026-07-29 | +14.7% |
| 2026-04-29 | -5.0% |
| 2026-01-28 | -9.8% |
| 2025-10-29 | -3.0% |
| 2025-07-30 | +4.1% |
| 2025-04-30 |
Earnings dates are the company's 8-K Item 2.02 filings (SEC). Reactions from Databento EOD.
| +8.0% |
| 2025-01-29 | -7.2% |
The score is passed over computable, not passed out of five. If only three tests could be run on MSFT’s filings, the score is out of three and the other two are listed with the reason they were skipped. Scoring a skipped test as a failure would punish a company for how its industry reports, and scoring it as a pass would flatter one.
Labels come from that ratio:
Below three computable tests we publish no label at all and show the individual results instead. A summary drawn from one or two tests is not a summary.
Free cash flow coverage carries the most weight in practice, because dividends are paid in cash and free cash flow is the cash actually available to pay them. The earnings payout ratio is the better-known test but the weaker one — earnings are an accounting figure, dividends are not. Where the two disagree, believe the cash.
Why tests get skipped. A REIT gets no earnings payout ratio: GAAP depreciation on appreciating property understates a REIT’s distributable earnings, which is exactly why the industry reports FFO and why REITs are required to distribute most of their taxable income. Banks and insurers get no leverage test, because deposits are debt and structurally high leverage is what a balance-sheet business is, not a warning sign.
The biggest limitation, stated plainly. The coverage tests read a single fiscal year, and one year of cash flow is far more volatile than a dividend record. A legal settlement, a tax payment or an acquisition can sink coverage in a year that says nothing about the dividend. Where a weak year contradicts a long unbroken record, we say so above rather than letting the harsher number stand alone — but you should still check what happened in that specific year.
The streak is the weakest test here, and it is deliberately listed last. Every dividend that was ever cut had an unbroken streak right up until the year it was cut. A freeze does not break the run — a company that holds its dividend flat through a bad year has not cut it — so raises are counted separately, and a long flat run cannot pass itself off as dividend growth.
Every figure above is from MSFT’s own SEC filings and the arithmetic is stated on this page. This describes what the filings show about the dividend’s coverage — it is not a prediction that the dividend will or will not be cut, not a recommendation, and not investment advice. A covered dividend can still be cut, and a strained one can still be maintained for years. Educational information only.
Both dividends and buybacks are in use — a mixed return policy. Buybacks flex with cash flow; dividends carry a stronger implicit commitment to maintain.
Every figure is from MSFT’s SEC cash-flow statement. This describes how management deployed cash last period — it is not a grade of that deployment, not a forecast, and not investment advice. Whether reinvesting, paying down debt, or returning cash was the right call depends on the return each earns, which the filings do not settle. Educational information only.
The fair-value line is MSFT’s own median P/E, P/S, P/B and P/FCF applied to each year’s fundamentals — the price its typical valuation would have implied. Where the solid line sits above the dashed one, the stock traded at a premium to its own history that year; below, a discount. This is a description of past valuation, computed from MSFT’s filings and price history — not a forecast and not investment advice. A stock can trade above or below its own median for years.
Volume against its own history: 71% of its last 252 sessions were lighter than the last one, the 2026-11-02 session. End-of-day bars (Databento). Volume detail
Closes only, split-adjusted. An average needs that many sessions on file to print. These are measurements, not support, resistance or targets. Chart with studies
Companies that file under the same SIC description as MSFT — the classification the company reports to the SEC, not a similarity score we invented. 9 of the companies we cover sit in this class.
Drawn from the companies we cover, not from every filer in this class — so a missing name means we do not cover it, never that it does not exist.
Group: Services-Prepackaged Software, the SEC industry code MSFT files under. 14 companies in our stored table file under it.
| Metric | MSFT | Group median | 25th to 75th percentile | Where MSFT sits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net marginnet income divided by revenue, same fiscal year | 40.3%⊙INFERENCE — derived by arithmetic SourceNet margin: net income divided by revenue, same fiscal year Fieldus-gaap:NetIncomeLoss (or ProfitLoss) over us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax (or Revenues, SalesRevenueNet) As offiscal year ended 2026-06-30; stored 2026-11-03 How40.3%, arithmetic on two figures from the company's newest annual report as our valuation history stored it. The stored table does not carry that report's accession, so the company's XBRL payload is linked instead. Open the source document → | 15.7%⊙INFERENCE — derived by arithmetic SourceNet margin across the 14 companies filing under SEC SIC "Services-Prepackaged Software" in our stored table As offiscal years ended 2025-11-28 to 2026-07-31 HowEach company's net income divided by revenue, same fiscal year, from its newest annual report as stored. The median is the middle value; the 25th to 75th percentile is the middle half, linear between ranks. A group prints from 6 companies with the figure. | 6.7% to 24.3% | higher than 13 of the 13 otherspercentile 100 |
| Free cash flow marginoperating cash flow less capital expenditure, divided by revenue, same fiscal year | 20.2%⊙INFERENCE — derived by arithmetic SourceFree cash flow margin: operating cash flow less capital expenditure, divided by revenue, same fiscal year Fieldus-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities less us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment (or PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets), over revenue As offiscal year ended 2026-06-30; stored 2026-11-03 How20.2%, arithmetic on two figures from the company's newest annual report as our valuation history stored it. The stored table does not carry that report's accession, so the company's XBRL payload is linked instead. Open the source document → | 28.3%⊙INFERENCE — derived by arithmetic SourceFree cash flow margin across the 14 companies filing under SEC SIC "Services-Prepackaged Software" in our stored table As offiscal years ended 2025-11-28 to 2026-07-31 HowEach company's operating cash flow less capital expenditure, divided by revenue, same fiscal year, from its newest annual report as stored. The median is the middle value; the 25th to 75th percentile is the middle half, linear between ranks. A group prints from 6 companies with the figure. | ||
| Return on equitynet income divided by stockholders’ equity at the fiscal year end | 30.2%⊙INFERENCE — derived by arithmetic SourceReturn on equity: net income divided by stockholders’ equity at the fiscal year end Fieldus-gaap:NetIncomeLoss (or ProfitLoss) over us-gaap:StockholdersEquity As offiscal year ended 2026-06-30; stored 2026-11-03 How30.2%, arithmetic on two figures from the company's newest annual report as our valuation history stored it. The stored table does not carry that report's accession, so the company's XBRL payload is linked instead. Open the source document → | 13.0%⊙INFERENCE — derived by arithmetic SourceReturn on equity across the 14 companies filing under SEC SIC "Services-Prepackaged Software" in our stored table As offiscal years ended 2025-11-28 to 2026-07-31 HowEach company's net income divided by stockholders’ equity at the fiscal year end, from its newest annual report as stored. The median is the middle value; the 25th to 75th percentile is the middle half, linear between ranks. A group prints from 6 companies with the figure. | 6.5% to 23.5% |
One filed metric per row, each a ratio of two figures from the same annual report; no composite and no grade. Percentile is the share of the group’s other companies with a lower figure. A group prints from 6 companies with the figure. The group is drawn from our stored table (the S&P 500 issuers and the companies we cover, each with its newest annual report read), not from every filer in the class. Industry pages show the same medians by group.
| 21.1% to 34.6% |
| higher than 3 of the 13 otherspercentile 23 |
| higher than 11 of the 13 otherspercentile 85 |
| Pete SessionsU.S. Representative · TX-32 | SELL | $250,001 - $500,000 | filed 2026-10-27 |
| Lisa McClainU.S. Representative · MI-09 | BUY | $1,001 - $15,000 | filed 2026-10-12 |
| Maria Elvira SalazarU.S. Representative · FL-27 | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | filed 2026-10-07 |
| Michael RulliU.S. Representative · OH-06 | SELL | $1,001 - $15,000 | filed 2026-10-02 |
| Cleo FieldsU.S. Representative · LA-06 | BUY | $1,001 - $15,000 | filed 2026-10-01 |
| Josh GottheimerU.S. Representative · NJ-05 | BUY | $250,001 - $500,000 | filed 2026-09-14 |
Total return including reinvested dividends, from MSFT’s adjusted closing prices. Past return is not a forecast and not investment advice.
| Fisher Asset Management (Ken Fisher) | $9.93B | 3.0% of portfolio |
| PRIMECAP Management | $2.66B | 1.6% of portfolio |
| GMO (Jeremy Grantham) | $2.54B | 5.7% of portfolio |
| Pershing Square (Bill Ackman) | $2.09B | 15.3% of portfolio |
| Millennium Management | $1.58B | 0.6% of portfolio |
| Generation Investment Management (Al Gore) | $1.16B | 11.3% of portfolio |
| AltaRock Partners (Mark Massey) | $870.8M | 20.5% of portfolio |
| Tiger Global | $845.6M | 3.5% of portfolio |
| Polen Capital | $782.8M | 6.7% of portfolio |
| Fundsmith (Terry Smith) | $595.6M | 4.4% of portfolio |
| Viking Global (Andreas Halvorsen) | $544.1M | 1.6% of portfolio |
| Sands Capital Management | $488.4M | 1.8% of portfolio |
| Markel Group (Tom Gayner) | $275.8M | 2.1% of portfolio |
| Bridgewater Associates (Ray Dalio) | $265.6M | 1.1% of portfolio |
| Gotham Asset Management (Joel Greenblatt) | $124.1M | 0.3% of portfolio |
| Brave Warrior Advisors (Glenn Greenberg) | $1.6M | 0.0% of portfolio |
| AKO Capital | $234K | 5.5% of portfolio |
| Ticker | Held by | Which funds |
|---|---|---|
| AMZN | 12 of 17 | PRIMECAP Management, GMO, Gotham Asset Management, and 9 more |
| GOOGL | 12 of 17 | PRIMECAP Management, GMO, Gotham Asset Management, and 9 more |
| V | 10 of 17 | PRIMECAP Management, GMO, Viking Global, and 7 more |
| META | 8 of 17 | GMO, Viking Global, Sands Capital Management, and 5 more |
| LRCX | 6 of 17 | GMO, Gotham Asset Management, Sands Capital Management, and 3 more |
| AVGO | 5 of 17 | GMO, Gotham Asset Management, Bridgewater Associates, and 2 more |
| AAPL | 4 of 17 | Fisher Asset Management, GMO, Gotham Asset Management, and 1 more |
| GEV | 4 of 17 | Bridgewater Associates, Tiger Global, Fundsmith, and 1 more |
| LLY | 4 of 17 | Fisher Asset Management, PRIMECAP Management, GMO, and 1 more |
| MSCI | 4 of 17 | Viking Global, Fundsmith, Polen Capital, and 1 more |
How each row is counted: of the 17 tracked funds whose 25 largest 13F positions include MSFT, the number whose same list also includes that ticker. Funds, not shares or dollars, so one large position cannot outweigh several ordinary ones; a ticker needs at least 2 of them to appear. From each fund’s latest 13F-HR (quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 for 1, quarter ended Jun 30, 2026 for 15, quarter ended Mar 31, 2026 for 1), long US stock only, matched to tickers by issuer name, so a holding below a fund’s top 25 is not counted. A list of what these funds reported, not a ranking and not a recommendation. Every tracked fund →
From the XBRL data in MSFT’s 10-K filed Jul 29, 2026 (on EDGAR), in the company’s own category names. Only a breakdown whose parts add up to its total revenue is drawn, so a category that is a subtotal of others is left out rather than counted twice.
Of 2 sales in the last ~6 months, 2 were filed with the Rule 10b5-1 box checked, set up in advance under a written trading plan.
| Hood AmyEVP, Chief Financial Officer | SELLplan | $4.0M | view → |
| Hood AmyEVP, Chief Financial Officer | SELLplan | $20.8M | view → |
Every registered fund files its complete portfolio with the SEC. These weights come from those filings, so each one carries the period it describes. Holdings are quarterly and filed in arrears — the figures below are as of 2026-06-30 to 2026-08-31, not today.
| Fund | Weight | As of |
|---|---|---|
| VGT Vanguard Information Technology ETF | 11.32% | 2026-08-31 |
| XLK Technology Select Sector SPDR | 8.38% | 2026-06-30 |
| VUG Vanguard Growth ETF | 7.61% | 2026-06-30 |
| MGK Vanguard Mega Cap Growth ETF | 7.50% | 2026-06-30 |
| QUAL iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF | 7.16% | 2026-07-31 |
| DIA SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF | 5.26% | 2026-07-31 |
| QQQ Invesco QQQ Trust | 4.35% | 2026-06-30 |
| VIG Vanguard Dividend Appreciation ETF | 4.34% | 2026-07-31 |
| SPY SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust | 4.30% | 2026-06-30 |
| VOO Vanguard S&P 500 ETF | 4.30% | 2026-06-30 |
| IVV iShares Core S&P 500 ETF | 4.29% | 2026-06-30 |
| IWF iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF | 4.11% | 2026-06-30 |
Drawn from 38 large US equity funds we scan, not every fund in existence, so a missing fund means we do not scan it rather than that it holds none. Holdings are joined to tickers by issuer name, which does not resolve every position; what that misses is published. All 22 funds and the 13F holders of MSFT →
As of the quarter ended Jun 30, 2026. Every manager with $100 million or more in 13F securities (mostly US-listed stocks) files a 13F within 45 days of the quarter’s end; the counts compare each filer with its own filing the quarter before. Provisional: late filers for this quarter arrive in the SEC’s next file, so these counts can still rise.
| Security | Holders | Quarter before | Added | Cut | Unchanged | New | Exited |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COM CUSIP 594918104 | 6,213 | 6,217 | 3,193 | 2,428 | 361 | 231 | 235 |
Counted from the SEC’s Form 13F data sets, stock positions only (options and bonds excluded), with amendments applied. We count filers, never shares: a parent and its subsidiary can both report the same position, so a summed share total, or a “percent owned by institutions”, would overstate. What filers reported, not a signal to trade.
Size is which third of our universe’s market caps MSFT falls in. Style weighs cheapness (inverse P/E rank) against revenue growth: the clearly stronger signal decides, and a stock without a dominant one is Core. This is a filing-backed proxy for the full value/growth model — every boundary is a stated percentile you can check, not a proprietary score. Descriptive, not a recommendation.
1 of the 4 checks that ran found nothing new for MSFT; 3 found something.
Each event check looks back 30 days from the date its own source was stored, read or generated, never from the date this page was built. A check that finds nothing is a measurement of that window, not a forecast, and a check that cannot be dated does not make the claim at all.
Head office: REDMOND, Washington, United States
Source: the cover page of MICROSOFT CORP’s 10-K filed 2026-07-29, on EDGAR. Filings checked 2026-10-28. Incorporation is where the company’s charter was filed. It is not where the business operates or earns, which no filing cover states. How this works
These two signals are 196 days apart. Form 4 is filed within two business days of the trade; 13F is filed up to 45 days after quarter end and describes positions as they stood on that date. Agreement between them is not confirmation — the funds may have moved months before the insiders did, or the other way round. Read them as two separate observations that happen to point the same way, never as one signal backing up another.
From SEC Form 4 and 13F filings. Both are backward-looking disclosures on different reporting clocks, and neither predicts price. Educational information only — not investment advice.
Daily closes from 2024-07-01 through 2026-11-02, 588 sessions, split-adjusted. No direction, pattern, entry, target or overbought label: these are measurements. Filings dated on the move days are in MSFT’s filings; the chart with studies draws every figure.
Written by code from 588 end-of-day bars through 2026-11-02. Written by code from the data on file, not by a model. Information, not investment advice: it describes the security and recommends nothing to anyone.
The estimators disagree by 64% of the midpoint. A wide band is itself the finding: this company’s value depends heavily on which yardstick you use, so treat any single number for MSFT — ours or anyone else’s — with corresponding caution.
The band is the interquartile range of every estimator that could run on MSFT’s filings: the median P/E, P/S, P/B and P/FCF this stock has actually traded at over 19 years of history applied to today’s fundamentals, a two-stage discounted-cash-flow estimate. With four or more estimators we take the interquartile range, so a single wild reading cannot define the band; with two or three we show the full spread, because trimming the tails off three points does not remove noise, it manufactures confidence. We publish a range rather than one number because the estimators genuinely disagree, and averaging that disagreement away would hide the most useful part.
Valuation labels describe only where the price sits against that band:
These labels are positional, not predictive. Premium means the current share price sits above the band computed from MSFT’s own filings and trading history. It does not mean the stock cannot keep rising, that a fall is expected, or that the market has it wrong. Equally, Discount means the price sits below that band — it does not imply the stock is cheap in any meaningful sense, that it is worth buying, or that the market has mispriced it. A company can trade above or below its own historical range for years, and often does, for reasons the range knows nothing about.
The labels describe where today’s price falls against a calculated band. Nothing more than that.
Measured disagreement is our answer to a locked “uncertainty rating”: it is simply how far the estimators spread as a share of the midpoint, tiered Low / Moderate / High / Extreme, with the raw spread shown beside it. A wide band earns a high tier because the answer then depends heavily on which yardstick you pick — that is a finding, not a defect.
Filing health is computed separately and never looks at price. It reads the Piotroski F-Score, the Altman Z-Score and the Beneish M-Score straight from the filings: means none of them flagged, means one moderate flag, means a distress or manipulation flag, or several softer ones. For banks and insurers it reads : all three scores were built on non-financial companies and their authors excluded financials, so for a balance-sheet business they measure the shape of the business rather than its health. Keeping the two axes apart is deliberate — a cheap company with weak filings is a very different object from a cheap company with sound ones, and a single blended verdict would hide which you are looking at.
This is a computed description of a security against a published formula — not investment advice, not a recommendation, and not a price target. Labels describe MSFT against the band above; they say nothing about whether it suits your circumstances. Historical multiples are not a forecast, and a company can stay outside its own historical range for years. Educational information only.
Why some estimators are skipped. A multiple can be arithmetically computable and still meaningless. GAAP depreciation crushes REIT earnings, so we do not price a REIT off P/E; revenue and free cash flow are not comparable measures for a bank or an insurer, so those are dropped too. We would rather show you the estimators we trust and name every one we withheld, with the reason, than quietly fold in a number we do not believe.
Every number above is arithmetic you can redo. The inputs are MSFT’s own SEC filings and our price history; the formulas are stated on this page. There is no proprietary black box, and there is nothing here you have to take on trust. How often the band rates a stock, and what we have not measured.