WRAP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the financial statements and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “ Report ” ) and with our audited financial statements and other information presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (as amended, the “ Annual Report ” ). This Report may contain or incorporate by reference forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ” ), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ” ). Such forward-looking statements are based upon management ’ s assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions and beliefs about future events. Except for historical information, the use of predictive, future-tense or forward-looking words such as “ expect, ” “ anticipate, ” “ intend, ” “ plan, ” “ believe, ” “ seek, ” “ estimate, ” “ continue, ” “ may, ” “ will, ” “ could, ” “ would, ” or the negative or plural of such words and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the only means of identifying forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to several risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ( “ SEC ” ), including particularly matters set forth under Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of the Annual Report. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.   Overview   We are a global public safety technology and services company that delivers safe and effective policing solutions to law enforcement and security personnel worldwide. We are leading the movement for safer outcomes by equipping law enforcement with safer, non-painful compliance tools, and immersive training fit for modern society. We began sales of our first public safety product, the BolaWrap 100 remote restraint device, in late 2018. In the first quarter of 2022, we delivered a new generation product, the BolaWrap 150. The BolaWrap 150 is electronically deployed and is more robust, smaller, lighter and simpler to deploy than the BolaWrap 100 that has since been phased out. In late 2020 we added a new solution to our public safety technologies, our virtual reality (“VR”) training platform, Wrap Reality, and in August 2023 we acquired Intrensic, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Intrensic”), which added a Body-Worn Camera (“BWC”) and Digital Evidence Management (“DEM”) solution to our portfolio of policing solutions. Wrap Reality is now sold to law enforcement agencies for simulation training as well as corrections departments for the societal reentry scenarios.   Our target market for our product and technology enabled services includes approximately 900,000 full-time sworn law enforcement officers in over 18,000 federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and over 12 million police officers in more than 100 countries. Additionally, we are exploring opportunities to increase our presence in other adjacent markets, such as military and private security. Our international focus is on countries with the largest police forces. According to 360iResearch, a market research consulting firm, our non-lethal products are part of a global market segment expected to grow to $16.1 billion by 2027. We focus our efforts on the following products and services:   BolaWrap Remote Restraint Device - a hand-held remote restraint device that discharges a seven and half-foot Kevlar tether to entangle an individual at a range of 10-25 feet. BolaWrap assists law enforcement to safely and effectively control encounters early without resorting to painful use of force options.   Wrap Reality - a law enforcement 3D training system employing immersive computer graphics VR with proprietary software-enabled content. It allows up to two participants to enter a simulated training environment simultaneously, and customized weapons controllers enable trainees to engage in strategic decision making along the force continuum. Wrap Reality has 45 scenarios for law enforcement and corrections and 15 scenarios for societal reentry. Wrap Reality is one of the most robust 3D Virtual Reality solutions on the market for law enforcement and societal reentry today.   Wrap Intrensic - a Body-Worn Camera and Digital Evidence Management solutions provider. BWC and DEM play crucial roles in capturing, storing, and managing digital evidence, such as video and audio recordings for various purposes, including criminal investigations and maintaining transparency in public interactions. The Wrap Intrensic X2 camera hardware and storage and data management capability, along with awareness of front-line operations, provides customers with a solution to meet their challenges. Wrap Intrensic Evidence on our cloud-based video storage platform provides an unlimited video storage platform that includes video and other evidence uploading, search, retrieval, redaction, and evidence sharing while reducing the need for resources required to manage this evidence.   18 In addition to the U.S. law enforcement market, we have shipped our restraint products to 62 countries. We have distribution agreements with 22 international distributors covering 43 countries. We focus significant sales, training and business development efforts to support our distribution network in addition to our internal sales team.   We focus significant resources on research and development innovations and continue to enhance our products and plan to introduce new products. We believe we have established a strong brand and market presence globally and have established significant competitive advantages in our markets.   Acquisition of W1   On February 18, 2025, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2025, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, we acquired substantially all the assets of W1 Global, LLC, (“W1”) used in, held for use in or relating to the business of advisory and investigative professional services, which were primarily the customer contracts assigned at the closing, for a nominal purchase price.   Business Outlook and Challenges   We believe our Company’s products and solutions are gaining global recognition and awareness through various channels such as social media, trade shows, and media exposure, among others. In part, this recognition and awareness can be attributed to positive feedback from law enforcement agencies and the successful deployment of our products. As a result, we believe our brand is becoming increasingly recognized on a global scale as a leader in Pre-Escalation and non-lethal solutions.   In addition, we are focused on sales, marketing, public and investor relations efforts. We believe there are increasing market opportunities for our products and solutions in the law enforcement and security sectors worldwide. These opportunities are driven by the increasing demand for less-lethal policing.   In the law enforcement sector, our BolaWrap product has been successfully deployed in the field, as reported by many agencies. BolaWrap is now in use by over 900 U.S. law enforcement agencies and in 62 countries. Due to its non-lethal, non-pain-based-compliance capabilities, some agencies do not deem its usage a categorical reportable use of force and rather place it underneath early use of force such as handcuffs. In our strategic roadmap, we clarified that law enforcement agencies deploy BolaWrap when verbal commands breakdown but long before there is justifiable escalation to pepper spray, pepper ball, batons, bean bags, tasers or Conducted Electrical Weapons (CEW’s) or firearms.   Some agencies voluntarily report usage to Wrap but many do not. In the usage reports we have been provided, officers have reported successful outcomes in 85% of the use cases. This percentage is higher than what is often seen with less lethal tools. From the information we have been provided, the most common BolaWrap use case is for individuals with or experiencing behavioral health issues, and the second most common BolaWrap use case is during domestic violence calls.   There are many reasons why we may not receive reports on all the use of the BolaWrap, including, when uses of BolaWrap are considered evidence in ongoing criminal cases, are controlled by local policy or regulation, or require officer and union permission to be shared with us. However, some agencies have shared bodycam footage of successful field deployments with us, which we may use in our training and education efforts. We believe that as the reports of BolaWrap’s effectiveness in Pre-Escalation continue to increase, it will contribute to our future revenue growth.   We anticipate and believe that our portfolio of non-lethal, non-pain-based compliance products and training services has a strong and expanding pipeline of market opportunities in the law enforcement, military, corrections, and homeland security sectors both domestically and internationally. With the increasing demand for more humane and safer policing practices, we expect a continued surge in our global business. Currently, we are exploring major international business prospects while simultaneously seeking to establish relationships with large police agencies in the U.S. However, we acknowledge that it is challenging to predict the exact timeline for closing these deals, or whether they will ultimately materialize.   19 As part of our efforts to expand our sales and distribution operations, we provide a comprehensive training program for law enforcement officers and trainers in using the BolaWrap. This training equips them with knowledge about the appropriate use and limitations of BolaWrap in tandem with modern policing techniques for de-escalation of encounters. We now focus on also teaching when and why BolaWrap should be used, including the specific area of success, such as after verbal commands break down and before the law enforcement officer is ready to escalate to less lethal pain compliance tools. We believe that law enforcement trainers and officers who have been trained to use our products, or have witnessed demonstrations, are more inclined to support the acquisition and deployment of our products by their respective departments to drive successful outcomes. As of June 30, 2025, over 1,580 agencies have received BolaWrap training with over 5,520 training officers at those agencies certified as BolaWrap instructors and qualified to train the rest of their departments, representing a 4% increase in agencies and a 3% increase in trained officers as compared to June 30, 2024.   Operating expense of $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased by $0.9 million, when compared to $4.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as a result of the Company’s cost containment initiatives enacted beginning during the first half of 2024. Operating expense of $7.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased by $1.2 million, when compared to $9.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Although geopolitical tensions and macroeconomic challenges have affected our quarterly results in the past and may in the future, we believe our Company is uniquely positioned to provide lifesaving technologies and training that enable law enforcement officers worldwide to conduct safe and effective encounters while reducing the use of force. With an increasing addressable market, the Company offers what we believe is a unique value proposition. Our improved pricing strategy, coupled with reduced operating expenses and our growing sales outlook, is expected to help reduce losses and improve cash flow in the future.   We plan to increase the number of product demonstrations and training sessions, particularly in international markets. Our new focus on the when and why BolaWrap is used has shown improved results. This is a departure from the hardware product only approach of the past. Our sales of the BolaWrap 150 and Wrap Reality are expected to continue to rise, aided by our ongoing cost savings and cost control measures, which we expect to lead to an overall reduction in cash burn.   As of June 30, 2025, we had backlog of approximately $60 thousand which was expected to be delivered in the third quarter of 2025. Additionally, as of June 30, 2025, we had deferred revenue of $325 thousand consisting of $30 thousand related to VR, $226 thousand related to Intrensic, $50 thousand related to BolaWrap extended warranties and services and $19 thousand related to training. Distributor and customer orders for future deliveries are generally subject to modification, rescheduling or in some instances, cancellation, in the normal course of business.   We believe that we have adequate financial resources to sustain our operations for the twelve months. We recorded net loss from operations of $2.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to a net loss from operations of $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024; primarily driven by a decrease in operating expenses.. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, we recorded net loss from operations of $3.8 and $7.3 million, respectively; primarily driven by a decrease in operating expenses. Net cash used in operations improved by $2.2 million, from a net cash used in operating activities of $7.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, to net cash used in operating activities $5.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. This positive change was primarily driven by the Company’s continued cost containment efforts and operational improvements.   We expect that we will continue to innovate new applications for our public safety technology, open new geographies, develop new products and technologies to meet diverse customer requirements and identify and develop new markets for our products.   20 Supply chain disruptions could also affect our operations and could negatively impact our ability to source materials, manufacture and distribute products in the future. Moreover, financial markets continue to experience significant volatility, which could potentially affect our ability to enter or modify favorable terms and conditions regarding equity and debt financing activities. Nevertheless, we had $4.2 million in cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2025 as compared to $3.6 million as of December 31, 2024.. We therefore believe we have sufficient capital to fund our operations for the next twelve months following this Report on Form 10-Q. However, we may require additional working capital and liquidity constraints and access to capital markets could still negatively affect our liquidity and may require changes to our plan of operations.   Our Company may be positively or negatively impacted by continued social unrest and protests against law enforcement. Such unrest may be further fueled by misleading information or negative publicity about our solutions. We believe our solutions are the answer to reducing use of force and driving safer outcomes for officers and the citizens they interact with each day. Although the intensity of these events may have subsided, some may still indirectly or directly, influence police agency budgets and the funding available to current and potential customers. In addition, participants in these events may attempt to create the impression that our solutions are contributing to the perceived problems, potentially harming our business and operations, including our revenues, earnings, and cash flows from operations.   Changes in our management and other critical personnel have the potential to positively or negatively affect our business. Such disruptions could have an adverse impact on our operations, programs, growth, financial condition, or results of operations. On the other hand, improvements in our operations, operating expenses, and go-to-market approaches could positively influence the success of our business in the future.   Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates   The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“ U.S. GAAP ”) requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, on an on-going basis, including those estimates related to recognition and measurement of contingencies and accrued expense. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.   As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our provision for income taxes. Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, tax contingencies, unrecognized tax benefits, and any required valuation allowance, including taking into consideration the probability of the tax contingencies being incurred. Management assesses this probability based upon information provided by its tax advisers, its legal advisers and similar tax cases. If later our assessment of the probability of these tax contingencies changes, our accrual for such tax uncertainties may increase or decrease. Our effective tax rate for annual and interim reporting periods could be impacted if uncertain tax positions that are not recognized are settled at an amount which differs from our estimates.   Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in application. These include share-based compensation and contingencies and areas such as revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventory and intangible assets, warranty liabilities and impairments.   Revenue Recognition . We sell our products to customers including law enforcement agencies, domestic distributors and international distributors and revenue from such transactions is recognized in the periods that products are shipped (free on board (“ FOB ”) shipping point) or received by customers (FOB destination), when the fee is fixed or determinable and when collection of resulting receivables is reasonably assured. We identify customer performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and recognize revenue as we satisfy the performance obligations. Our primary performance obligations are products/accessories and VR software licensing or sale. Our customers do not have the right to return product unless the product is found to be defective.   21 Share-Based Compensation. We follow the fair value recognition provisions issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“ FASB ”) in Accounting Standards Codification (“ ASC ”) Topic 718, Stock Compensation (“ ASC 718 ”) and we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ ASU ”) 2018-07 for share-based transactions with non-employees. Share-based compensation expense recognized includes stock option and restricted stock unit compensation expense. The grant date fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The grant date is the date at which an employer and employee or non-employee reach a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires inputs including the market price of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant, the term that the stock options are expected to be outstanding, the implied stock volatilities of several publicly traded peers over the expected term of stock options, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units is based upon the market price of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of the grant. We determine the amount of share-based compensation expense based on awards that we ultimately expect to vest and account for forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of share-based compensation is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting term.   Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Our products are sold to customers in many different markets and geographic locations. We estimate our bad debt reserve on a case-by-case basis and the aging of accounts due to a limited number of customers, mostly government agencies or well-established distributors. We base these estimates on many factors including customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends and changes in customer payment terms. Our judgments and estimates regarding the collectability of accounts receivable have an impact on our financial statements.   Valuation of Inventory . Our inventory is comprised of raw materials, assemblies and finished products. We must periodically make judgments and estimates regarding the future utility and carrying value of our inventory. The carrying value of our inventory is periodically reviewed and impairments, if any, are recognized when the expected future benefit from our inventory is less than carrying value.   Valuation of Intangible Assets. Intangible assets consisted of (a) capitalized legal fees and filing expense related to obtaining patents and trademarks, (b) customer agreements, tradenames, software, non-solicitation and non-compete agreements acquired in business combinations and valued at fair value at the acquisition date, and (c) the purchase cost of indefinite-lived website domains. We must make judgments and estimates regarding the future utility and carrying value of intangible assets. The carrying values of such assets are periodically reviewed and impairments, if any, are recognized when the expected future benefit to be derived from an individual intangible asset is less than carrying value. This generally could occur when certain assets are no longer consistent with our business strategy and whose expected future value has decreased.   Accrued Expense. We establish a warranty reserve based on anticipated warranty claims at the time product revenue is recognized. This reserve requires us to make estimates regarding the amount and costs of warranty repairs we expect to make over a period of time. Factors affecting warranty reserve levels include the number of units sold, anticipated cost of warranty repairs, and anticipated rates of warranty claims. We have a very limited history to make such estimates and warranty estimates have an impact on our financial statements. Warranty expense is recorded in cost of revenue. We evaluate the adequacy of this reserve each reporting period.   Warrants. The Company accounts for warrants as liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own shares of Common Stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding. As of June 30, 2025, all warrants are classified as equity-classified instruments.   22 Business Combination. The Company accounts for its business combinations under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805-10, Business Combinations (“ASC 805-10”), which requires that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including non-controlling interests, are recorded at the date of acquisition at their respective fair values. The estimated fair value of net assets acquired, including the allocation of the fair value to identifiable assets and liabilities, was determined using established valuation techniques. ASC 805-10 also specifies criteria that intangible assets acquired in a business combination must meet to be recognized and reported apart from goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the tangible net assets and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from the business combinations and are expensed as incurred.   The estimated fair value of the acquired intangible assets was determined using a method which reflects the present value of the operating cash flows generated by this asset after taking into account the cost to realize the revenue, and an appropriate discount rate to reflect the time value and risk associated with the invested capital.   Certain adjustments to the assessed fair values of the assets and liabilities made subsequent to the acquisition date, but within the measurement period, which is up to one year, are recorded as adjustments to goodwill. Any adjustments subsequent to the measurement period are recorded in income.   Historically, our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to our critical accounting policies have not differed materially from actual results. Other than the warrants and business combination described above, there were no significant changes or modification of our critical accounting policies and estimates involving management valuation adjustments affecting our results for the period ended June 30, 2025. Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025, as amended on April 25, 2025.   Segment and Related Information   The Company operates as a single segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is Scot Cohen, the Company’s Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who manages operations for purposes of allocating resources. Refer to Note 15. Major Customers and Related Information, in our financial statements for further discussion.   Operating Expense   Our operating expense includes (i) selling, general and administrative expense, (ii) research and development expense, and in the most recent fiscal quarter, and (iii) product line exit expense. Research and development expense is comprised of the costs incurred in performing research and development activities and developing production on our behalf, including compensation and consulting, design and prototype costs, contract services, patent costs and other outside expense. The scope and magnitude of our future research and development expense is difficult to predict at this time and will depend on elections made regarding research projects, staffing levels and outside consulting and contract costs. The future level of selling, general and administrative expense will be dependent on staffing levels, elections regarding expenditures on sales, marketing and customer training, the use of outside resources, public company and regulatory expense, and other factors, some of which are outside of our control.   We expect our operating costs to remain flat or slightly increase depending on the scope of additional sales and marketing initiatives. We may incur additional non-cash share-based compensation costs depending on future options and restricted stock unit grants that are impacted by stock prices and other valuation factors. Historical expenditures are not indicative of future expenditures.   23 Results of Operations   Three Months Ended June 30, 2025, Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 (Unaudited)   The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain items of our condensed consolidated statement of operations. The financial information and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.     Three Months Ended June 30,   Change     2025   2024         $ %   (in thousands, except percentage change)   Revenues:     Product sales $ 197  $1,251 $ (1,054 ) (84 )% Managed services 764 - 764 - % Other revenue 51 322 (271 ) (84 )% Total revenues 1,012 1,573 (561 ) (36 )% Cost of revenue 525 589 (64 ) (11 )% Gross profit 487 984 (497 )  (51 )%     Operating expenses:   Selling, general and administrative 2,986 3,475 (489 ) (14 )% Research and development 354 679 (325 ) (48 )% Total operating expenses 3,340 4,154 (814 ) (20 )% Loss from operations $ (2,853 ) $ (3,170 ) $ 317 (10 )%   Revenue   We reported net revenue of $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, or an 84% decrease. The decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to June 30, 2024, is primarily a result of lower product orders offset by the added managed services revenue from the acquisition of the W1 business.    Gross Profit   Our gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2025, was $0.5 million, or a gross margin of 48%. Our gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was $1.0 million, or a gross margin of 63%. The decrease in gross profit represented a 51% decrease compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, because of lower volume of the Bola Wrap 150 product sales offset by the added high-margin revenue from the Company’s acquisition of W1 in February 2025.   Our margins are subject to variations based on the sales channels and product mix through which our products are sold. At present, our cassettes have lower margins than BolaWrap devices. As we scale cassette production, we will look to reduce our costs and drive higher cassette margins. Cassettes were a total of 14% of product sales and 3% of our overall revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2025, and is expected to continue to grow as a recurring revenue base as more BolaWrap devices are in the field and the usage of BolaWrap increases. Additionally, we expect that gross margins will be impacted by growing our technology enabled services revenue contributions in the second half of 2025. Our global supply chain has experienced notable component shortages, extended lead times, cost fluctuations, and logistical constraints, all of which have affected our product costs. Although we have seen these supply chain obstacles ease in 2025, we acknowledge that future supplier shortages, quality problems, and logistics delays could impact our production schedules and have a material negative impact on our financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows.   24 Selling, General and Administrative Expense   Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense of $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, was reduced by $0.3 million when compared to $3.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily the result of the Company’s cost containment initiatives enacted beginning during the first half of 2024 which were offset by an increase of $0.5 million in share-based compensation as well as by increased occupancy expenses related to the new the corporate office.   Share-based compensation costs allocated to SG&A totaled $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to options and grants issued to new employees as a result of the acquisition of W1 Global, LLC (“W1”) in February 2025, as well as incentives provided to certain key senior level management in 2025.   Salaries and burden costs of $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, were $0.1 million higher than the three months ended June 30, 2024. This increase reflects the addition of high-caliber talent and higher share-based compensation, coupled with ongoing cost containment efforts, during the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.   Advertising and promotion costs were $109 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025, or a decrease of $98 thousand as compared to $207 thousand during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The changes in advertising costs were primarily related to reduced promotional items and training product costs offset by increased video and testimonial costs. Research and Development Expense   Research and development expenses totaling $162 thousand decreased by $511 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025, when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. We incurred a $375 thousand period-over-period decrease in compensation expense as well as a $18 thousand period-over-period increase in share-based compensation expense allocated to research and development expense because of reduction of personnel. Outside consulting costs decreased by $134 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025, when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to the Company’s cost reduction initiatives.   Operating Loss   Loss from operations of $2.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, was an improvement of $0.3 million compared to loss from operations of $3.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily reflecting the reduced revenues offset by lower operating costs from the Company’s cost containment efforts. Six Months Ended June 30, 2025, Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 (Unaudited)   The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain items of our condensed consolidated statement of operations. The financial information and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.     Six Months Ended June 30, Change   2025 2024 $ %   (in thousands, except percentage change) Revenues:       Product sales $ 550 $ 2,578 $ (2,028 ) (79 )% Managed services 1,000 - 1,000 - % Technology enabled services 228 471 (243 ) (52 )% Total revenues 1,778 3,049 (1,271 ) (42 )% Cost of revenue 695 1,229 (534 ) (43 )% Gross profit 1,083 1,820 (737 ) (40 )%           Operating expenses:         Selling, general and administrative 7,128 7,695 (567 ) (7 )% Research and development 732 1,434 (702 ) (49 )% Total operating expenses 7,860 9,129 (1,269 ) (14 )% Loss from operations $ (6,777 ) $ (7,309 ) $ 532 (7 )% 25 Revenue   Net revenue totaled $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, or a 42% decrease. The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to June 30, 2024, is primarily a result of lower product orders offset by the added managed services revenue from the acquisition of the W1 business.   Gross Profit   Our gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2025, was $1.1 million, or a gross margin of 61%. Our gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was $1.8 million, or a gross margin of 60%. The decrease in gross profit represented a 40% decrease compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, because of lower volume of the Bola Wrap 150 product sales offset by the added high-margin revenue from the Company’s acquisition of W1 in February 2025.   Our margins are also subject to variations based on the sales channels and product mix through which our products are sold. At present, our cassettes have lower margins than BolaWrap devices. As we scale cassette production, we will look to reduce our costs and drive higher cassette margins. Cassettes were a total of 19% of our product sales and 6% of overall revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2025, and is expected to continue to grow as a recurring revenue base as more BolaWrap devices are in the field and the usage of BolaWrap increases due to the need of officers to de-escalate earlier to prevent injuries and use of higher levels of force. We regularly introduce updates and revisions to our products, which may include changes to raw materials and components, and can impact on our product costs. Given our limited experience with warranty costs, our estimated future warranty expense may affect our gross margins. Our global supply chain has experienced notable component shortages, extended lead times, cost fluctuations, and logistical constraints, all of which have affected our product costs. Although we have seen these supply chain obstacles ease in 2025, we acknowledge that future supplier shortages, quality problems, and logistics delays could impact our production schedules and have a material negative impact on our financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows.   Selling, General and Administrative Expense   Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense of $7.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, was reduced by $0.6 million when compared to $7.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily the result of the Company’s cost containment initiatives enacted beginning during the first half of 2024 which were offset by an increase of $1.2 million in share-based compensation as well as by increased occupancy expenses related to the new the corporate office.   Share-based compensation costs allocated to SG&A totaled $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to options and grants issued to new employees as a result of the acquisition of W1 in February 2025, as well as incentives provided to certain key senior level management in 2025.   26 Salaries and burden costs of $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, were $564 thousand lower than the $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. This reduction reflects the reduction in the Company’s workforce including a reduction of certain executive management positions. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, reflecting the Company’s cost containment efforts.   Advertising and promotion costs were $189 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025, or a decrease of $281 thousand as compared to $470 thousand during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The changes in advertising costs were primarily related to reduced trade show costs offset by slight increases in digital marketing campaigns.   Research and Development Expense   Research and development expenses totaling $732 thousand decreased by $702 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025, when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to a reduction in personnel. Outside consulting costs decreased by $21 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025, when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to the Company’s cost reduction initiatives   Operating Loss   Loss from operations totaled $6.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, which was a decrease of $0.5 million compared to loss from operations of $7.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, reflecting the reduced revenues offset by lower operating costs from the Company’s cost containment efforts.   Liquidity and Capital Resources   Overview   Our primary source of liquidity to date has been funding from our stockholders from the sale of equity securities and the exercise of derivative securities, consisting of options and warrants. We expect our primary source of future liquidity will be from the sale of products, exercise of stock options and warrants and future equity or debt financing.   We have experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. As of June 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $4.2 million and had sustained cumulative losses attributable to stockholders of $105.1 million. Our working capital net of the warrants-short term as of June 30, 2025, was $3.6 million higher compared to December 31, 2024, primarily as a result of the cash received in the Private Placement offset by operating losses of $6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. We believe we have sufficient capital to fund our operations for the next twelve months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. However, liquidity constraints and access to capital markets could still negatively affect our liquidity and may require changes to our investment strategy.   Capital Requirements   Our future liquidity requirements or future capital needs will depend on, among other things, capital required to introduce new products and the operational staffing and support requirements, as well as the timing and amount of future revenue and product costs. We anticipate that demands for operating and working capital may grow depending on decisions on staffing, development, production, marketing, training and other functions and based on other factors outside of our control, including the timing of receipt of revenue.   Our future capital requirements, cash flows and results of operations could be affected by, and will depend on, many factors, some of which are currently unknown to us, including, among other things:     ● Any future outbreaks pandemics or contagious diseases or fear of such outbreaks; 27   ● Decisions regarding staffing, development, production, marketing and other functions;         ● The timing and extent of market acceptance of our products;         ● Costs, timing and outcome of planned production and required customer and regulatory compliance of our products;         ● Costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting our patent applications and defending any future intellectual property-related claims;         ● Costs and timing of additional product development;         ● Costs, timing and outcome of any future warranty claims or litigation against us associated with any of our products;         ● Ability to collect accounts receivable; and         ● Timing and costs associated with any new financing.   Principal factors that could affect our ability to obtain cash from external sources including from exercise of outstanding warrants and options include:     ● Volatility in the capital markets; and         ● Market price and trading volume of our Common Stock.   2023 Offering   On June 29, 2023, the Company entered into a Series Purchase Agreement (“Series A Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors, including the Company’s Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (collectively, the “Series A Investors”), pursuant to which it agreed to sell to the Series A Investors in a registered direct offering (the “Series A Offering”) (i) an aggregate of 10,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, initially convertible into up to 6,896,553 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at an initial conversion price of $1.45 per share, and (ii) warrants (the “Series A Warrants”) to acquire up to an aggregate of 6,896,553 shares of Common Stock (the “Series A Warrant Shares”). The conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable conversion price (subject to certain exceptions). The closing of the Series A Offering occurred on July 3, 2023. The aggregate gross proceeds from the Series A Offering were $10 million. The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the Series A Offering for general corporate purposes.   The Company engaged Katalyst Securities LLC (the “Placement Agent”) to act as exclusive placement agent in connection with the Series A Offering. Pursuant to an Engagement Letter with the Placement Agent, we paid to the Placement Agent or its designees (i) a cash fee equal to 8% of the gross proceeds of the Series A Offering and (ii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 551,725 shares of Common Stock (equal to 8% of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Series A Preferred Stock sold in the Series A Offering) at an exercise price of $1.45 per share.   28 Series A Preferred Stock   On July 3, 2023, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations of the Series A Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designations”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, designating 10,000 shares of its Preferred Stock as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of Common Stock (the “Conversion Shares”) at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $1.45 (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable Conversion Price (subject to certain exceptions).   The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends of 8% per annum, compounded monthly, which are payable in cash or shares of Common Stock, or a combination thereof, at the Company’s option in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designations. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of a Triggering Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), the Series A Preferred Stock will accrue dividends at the rate of 20% per annum. If the Company elects to pay any dividends in shares of Common Stock, the Conversion Price used to calculate the number of shares issuable will equal to the lower of (i) the then applicable Conversion Price and (ii) 85% of the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing prices of the Company’s Common Stock during the twenty (20) consecutive trading day period ending on the trading day immediately preceding the dividend payment date, provided that such price shall not be lower than the lower of (x) $0.2828 (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events ) and (y) 20% of the “Minimum Price” (as defined in Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5635) on the date of the Stockholder Approval (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events) or, in any case, such lower amount as permitted, from time to time, by the Nasdaq Stock Market.   On August 19, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement (the “August 2024 Amendment”) with the Required Holders (as defined in the Certificate of Designations). Pursuant to the August 2024 Amendment, the Required Holders agreed that (A) the unpaid and accrued dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock due July 1, 2024 (the “July Delinquent Dividend Amount”), shall be payable, at the option of the Company, in (i) cash and/or (ii) shares of Common Stock, at a price per share of Common Stock equal to the lower of (x) $1.00 and (y) the Dividend Conversion Price (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), using July 1, 2024, as the applicable date of determination in accordance with the Certificate of Designations; (B) the dividends due on October 1, 2024 (the “October Dividend Amount” and, together with the July Delinquent Dividend Amount, the “Delinquent Dividend Amounts”), shall be payable in shares of Common Stock based on a per share price of Common Stock equal to 80% of the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices of the Common Stock during the month of September 2024; and (C) such Delinquent Dividend Amounts and any Dividend Balance Shares (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), with respect thereto, if applicable, shall be delivered on October 1, 2024. The Company and the Required Holders further agreed pursuant to the August 2024 Amendment to amend (i) the Certificate of Designations, as described below, by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designations (the “August 2024 Certificate of Amendment”) and (ii) the Series A Purchase Agreement to amend the definition of “Excluded Securities.” The August 2024 Certificate of Amendment amends the Certificate of Designations to, among other things, (A) allow for the payment of dividends in the form of Common Stock to a holder of the Series A Preferred Stock who serves as a director, officer or employee of the Company; provided that such issuance is approved by the Company’s stockholders prior to such issuance, and (B) amend certain conditions required for (i) a mandatory conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, and (ii) the Company’s right to redeem, all or a portion, of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding pursuant to an optional redemption, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the Certificate of Designations.   On October 14, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement with the Required Holders (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), pursuant to which, the Required Holders agreed to amend the Certificate of Designations of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, as described below, by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designations (the “October 2024 Certificate of Amendment”). The October 2024 Certificate of Amendment amends the Certificate of Designations to, among other things, provide that, except as required by applicable law, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote with holders of the Common Stock on an as converted basis, with the number of votes to which each holder of Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to be calculated assuming a conversion price of $1.414 per share, which was the Minimum Price (as defined in Rule 5635 of the Rule of the Nasdaq Stock Market) applicable immediately before the execution and delivery of the Series A Purchase Agreement, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations as set forth in the Certificate of Designations. The October 2024 Certificate of Amendment further provides that (i) certain holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will not be subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations as described in the Certificate of Designations, and (ii) stockholder approval will not be required in connection with the payment of dividends in the form of Common Stock to a holder of the Series A Preferred Stock who serves as a director, officer or employee of the Company. The October 2024 Certificate of Amendment was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, effective as of October 14, 2024. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have no voting rights, other than with respect to certain matters affecting the rights of the Series A Preferred Stock.   29 On November 25, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment and Agreement with the Series A Investors (the “November 2024 Amendment Agreement”), pursuant to which, (i) the Series A Investors agreed to amend the Certificate of Designations, as described below, by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designations with the Secretary of State (the “November 2024 Certificate of Amendment”), and (ii) the Series A Investors and the Company agreed that all payment amounts that have accrued and are unpaid as of November 25, 2024, pursuant to the Certificate of Designations and the August 2024 Amendment will be satisfied by delivery of shares of Common Stock on or prior to November 25, 2024, with each Series A Investor entitled to receive the number of shares of Common Stock specified below such Series A Investor’s name on its respective signature page thereto. The November 2024 Certificate of Amendment amends the Certificate of Designations to provide that upon the occurrence of a Triggering Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), the Series A Preferred Stock will accrue dividends compounded monthly at the rate of 20% per annum. The Certificate of Amendment became effective with the Secretary of State on December 6, 2024.   The Company may require holders to convert their shares of Series A Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock if the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock exceeds $8.00 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events) for 20 consecutive trading days and the daily dollar trading volume of the Common Stock exceeds $2,000,000 per day during the same period, provided that certain equity conditions described in the Certificate of Designations are satisfied.   At any time beginning 18 months from the date of the issuance, provided that provided that that the Company has filed all reports required to be filed by it pursuant to the Exchange Act on a timely basis for a continuous period of one year and provided further that certain equity conditions described in the Certificate of Designations are satisfied, the Company has the right to redeem in cash all or some of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding at such time at a redemption price equal to the product of (x) 125% multiplied by (y) the sum of (A) the stated value of the Series A Preferred Stock plus (B) all declared and unpaid Dividends on such Preferred Stock and any other unpaid amounts then due and payable hereunder with respect to such Series A Preferred Stock, plus (C) the make-whole amount, plus (D) any accrued and unpaid late charges with respect to such stated value and amounts payable pursuant to clause (B) as of such date of determination.   The Certificate of Amendment amends the Certificate of Designations to, among other things, (A) allow for the payment of dividends in the form of Common Stock to a holder of the Series A Preferred Stock who serves as a director, officer or employee of the Company; provided that such issuance is approved by the Company’s stockholders prior to such issuance, and (B) amend certain conditions required for (i) a mandatory conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, and (ii) the Company’s right to redeem, all or a portion, of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding pursuant to an optional redemption, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the Certificate of Designations.   There is no established public trading market for the Series A Preferred Stock and we do not intend to list the Series A Preferred Stock on any national securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.   Warrants   The Company issued the Series A Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,896,553 shares of Common Stock. Each Series A Warrant has an exercise price of $1.45 per share, became exercisable after the date that was six months from the date of issuance and will expire 5 years following the date of issuance. The exercise price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable exercise price (subject to certain exceptions).   On June 30, 2025, the Company entered into a warrant amendment (the “Series A Warrant Amendment”) with the Required Holders (as defined in the Series A Purchase Agreement), pursuant to which, the Required Holders agreed to amend the terms of the Series A Warrants to make certain adjustments to the definition of “Black Scholes Value” in each of the Series A Warrants, as described in the Series A Warrant Amendment, such that the underlying price per share as used in such calculation equals the sum of the price per share being offered in cash in the applicable Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Series A Warrants), if any, plus the value of the non-cash consideration being offered in the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if any. As consideration for entering into the Series A Warrant Amendment, the Company and the Required Holders agreed to amend the term of the Series A Warrants to be six and one-half years from the date of issuance. 30 Nasdaq Stockholder Approval   The Company’s ability to issue Conversion Shares and Series A Warrant Shares using shares of Common Stock is subject to certain limitations set forth in the Certificate of Designations. Prior to receiving the Nasdaq Stockholder Approval, such limitations included a limit on the number of shares that may be issued until the time, if any, that the Company’s stockholders have approved the issuance of more than 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock in accordance with the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market (the “Nasdaq Stockholder Approval”). Such Nasdaq Stockholder Approval was received at a special meeting of stockholders held on September 19, 2023.   2025 Offering   On February 24, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “PIPE Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (collectively, the “PIPE Purchasers”) for the issuance and sale in a private placement (the “Private Placement”) of an aggregate of 3,216,666 shares (the “Common Shares”) of Common Stock and accompanying warrants (“PIPE Warrants”) to purchase up to 3,216,666 shares of Common Stock, with an exercise price of $1.80 per share. The purchase price for one Common Share and accompanying PIPE Warrant was $1.80. The gross proceeds to the Company were $5,790 before estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. On June 30, 2025, the Company entered into a warrant amendment (the “2025 Warrant Amendment”) with certain of the PIPE Purchasers, pursuant to which, such PIPE Purchasers agreed to amend the terms of their respective PIPE Warrants to make certain adjustments to the definition of “Black Scholes Value,” as described in the 2025 Warrant Amendment, such that the underlying price per share as used in such calculation equals the sum of the price per share being offered in cash in the applicable Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the PIPE Warrants), if any, plus the value of the non-cash consideration being offered in the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if any. As consideration for entering into the 2025 Warrant Amendment, the Company and the applicable PIPE Purchasers agreed to amend the term of their respective PIPE Warrants to be five and one-half years from the date of issuance. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements   The Company has not entered into any off-balance sheet financial guarantees or other off-balance sheet commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. The Company has not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to the Company’s shares and classified as stockholder’s equity or that are not reflected in the Company’s financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Furthermore, the Company does not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. The Company does not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or product development services with us.   Cash Flows   Cash Flows from Operating Activities   During the six months ended June 30, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was $5.0 million. The net loss of $3.6 million was decreased by non-cash income of $3.2 million related to the change in fair value of warrants and increased by non-cash expense of $8.2 million consisting primarily of share-based compensation and depreciation and amortization of $304 thousand. Other major component changes using operating cash included a decrease of $156 thousand in prepaids and a $453 thousand decrease in accounts receivable as well as a decrease in accrued liabilities of $523 thousand.   During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $7.2 million. The net loss of $268 thousand was decreased by non-cash income of $6.9 million related to the change in fair value of warrants and increased by non-cash expense of $918 thousand consisting primarily of share-based compensation expense. Other major component changes using operating cash included a decrease of $707 thousand in inventories and a decrease in accounts receivable of $236 thousand.   Cash Flows from Investing Activities   During the six months ended June 30, 2025, net cash used in investing activities was $152 thousands of cash for the acquisition of W1 and investment in patents.   31 During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we had net cash provided by investing activities totaling $4.9 million from proceeds from maturities of short-term investments of $5.0 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we used $13 thousand cash for the purchase of property and equipment and invested $97 thousand in patents and equipment.   Cash Flows from Financing Activities   During the six months ended June 30, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities was $5.7 million as a result of proceeds from the Private Placement.   During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $468 thousand because of proceeds from the exercise of previously issued stock options of $588 thousand offset $120 thousand in cash dividends paid on the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock.   Contractual Obligations and Commitments   In September 2023, we committed to a lease of office space in Coconut Grove, Florida in a multi-year term concluding in 2031 which includes aggregate lease payments remaining totaling $3.5 million.   As of June 30, 2025, we were committed to approximately $509 thousand for future component deliveries and contract services that are generally subject to modification or rescheduling in the normal course of business. Anticipated to begin in October 2025, we committed to a lease of manufacturing and office space in Southwest Virginia in a multi-year term concluding in 2031, which includes aggregate lease payments remaining totaling $600 thousand.   Effects of Inflation   During the six months ended June 30, 2025, and for the year ended December 31, 2024, we experienced increased costs in labor and materials due to inflation. We believe throughout 2025 that low unemployment and higher salaries will create higher payroll costs and increased operating expenses in the business. We have seen increases in costs from multiple suppliers for materials as well as labor.   Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.   We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.