Virtu Financial, Inc. 10-Q

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Index to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements PAGE NUMBER Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited) 3 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) 5 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited) 6 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) 9 Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 11 2 Table of Contents Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited) (in thousands, except share data) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 836,298 $ 1,071,463 Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other 54,149 49,490 Securities borrowed 1,264,550 1,349,322 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 46,674 119,453 Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations 1,515,043 1,026,807 Trading assets, at fair value: Financial instruments owned 3,746,435 3,238,995 Financial instruments owned and pledged 1,056,913 1,017,960 Receivables from customers 247,492 146,476 Property, equipment and capitalized software (net of accumulated depreciation of $ 475,084 and $ 472,155 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively) 82,161 89,595 Operating lease right-of-use assets 199,942 225,328 Goodwill 1,148,926 1,148,926 Intangibles (net of accumulated amortization of $ 301,993 and $ 253,161 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively) 337,500 386,332 Deferred tax assets 133,893 158,518 Other assets ($ 74,017 and $ 84,378 , at fair value, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively) 302,284 291,306 Total assets $ 10,972,260 $ 10,319,971 Liabilities and equity Liabilities Short-term borrowings $ 167,450 $ 61,510 Securities loaned 988,969 1,142,048 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 446,078 514,325 Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations 680,530 571,526 Payables to customers 96,931 54,999 Trading liabilities, at fair value: Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased 4,199,838 3,510,779 Tax receivable agreement obligations 237,938 259,282 Deferred tax liabilities 213 65 Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 440,641 457,942 Operating lease liabilities 248,701 278,745 Long-term borrowings 1,792,063 1,605,132 Total liabilities 9,299,352 8,456,353 Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14) Virtu Financial Inc. Stockholders' equity Class A common stock (par value $ 0.00001 ), Authorized — 1,000,000,000 and 1,000,000,000 shares, Issued — 133,012,526 and 131,497,645 shares, Outstanding — 100,574,550 and 113,170,782 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively 1 1 Class B common stock (par value $ 0.00001 ), Authorized — 175,000,000 and 175,000,000 shares, Issued and Outstanding — 0 and 0 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively — — Class C common stock (par value $ 0.00001 ), Authorized — 90,000,000 and 90,000,000 shares, Issued and Outstanding — 9,030,066 and 9,359,065 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively — — Class D common stock (par value $ 0.00001 ), Authorized — 175,000,000 and 175,000,000 shares, Issued and Outstanding — 60,091,740 and 60,091,740 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively 1 1 Treasury stock, at cost, 32,437,976 and 18,326,863 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively ( 909,368 ) ( 494,075 ) Additional paid-in capital 1,265,919 1,223,119 Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 970,334 830,538 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 21,178 ( 10,196 ) Total Virtu Financial Inc. stockholders' equity 1,348,065 1,549,388 3 Table of Contents Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited) (in thousands, except share data) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Noncontrolling interest 324,843 314,230 Total equity 1,672,908 1,863,618 Total liabilities and equity $ 10,972,260 $ 10,319,971 See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). 4 Table of Contents Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, except share and per share data) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Revenues: Trading income, net $ 397,383 $ 394,265 $ 1,315,618 $ 1,591,840 Interest and dividends income 43,631 9,704 95,435 26,246 Commissions, net and technology services 120,986 135,923 411,981 470,687 Other, net ( 956 ) 4,452 44,010 17,108 Total revenue 561,044 544,344 1,867,044 2,105,881 Operating Expenses: Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net 168,869 158,862 476,235 588,885 Communication and data processing 52,907 55,627 164,441 159,824 Employee compensation and payroll taxes 103,254 84,552 305,338 273,172 Interest and dividends expense 61,989 26,586 153,243 75,585 Operations and administrative 14,319 18,228 53,110 65,636 Depreciation and amortization 16,658 16,636 50,470 49,764 Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software 16,060 16,933 48,817 53,087 Termination of office leases 361 238 1,744 5,126 Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees 1,404 1,237 28,525 4,981 Transaction advisory fees and expenses 134 167 1,113 150 Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings 23,483 20,179 66,905 59,784 Total operating expenses 459,438 399,245 1,349,941 1,335,994 Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest 101,606 145,099 517,103 769,887 Provision for income taxes 21,732 21,961 88,405 128,611 Net income 79,874 123,138 428,698 641,276 Noncontrolling interest ( 39,867 ) ( 52,631 ) ( 191,264 ) ( 268,454 ) Net income available for common stockholders $ 40,007 $ 70,507 $ 237,434 $ 372,822 Earnings per share Basic $ 0.38 $ 0.59 $ 2.17 $ 3.04 Diluted $ 0.37 $ 0.59 $ 2.16 $ 3.01 Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic 102,289,172 115,770,457 105,500,700 119,148,571 Diluted 102,550,852 116,623,115 106,004,393 120,373,160 Net income $ 79,874 $ 123,138 $ 428,698 $ 641,276 Other comprehensive income Foreign exchange translation adjustment, net of taxes ( 18,527 ) ( 7,843 ) ( 43,505 ) ( 11,452 ) Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gain (loss), net of taxes 30,731 3,498 92,666 18,197 Comprehensive income 92,078 118,793 477,859 648,021 Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest ( 44,719 ) ( 51,007 ) ( 209,051 ) ( 271,552 ) Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders $ 47,359 $ 67,786 $ 268,808 $ 376,469 See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). 5 Table of Contents Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited) Three and Nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021 Class A Common Stock Class C Common Stock Class D Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Total Virtu Financial Inc. Stockholders' Equity Noncontrolling Interest Total Equity (in thousands, except share and interest data) Shares Amounts Shares Amounts Shares Amounts Shares Amounts Amounts Balance at December 31, 2021 131,497,645 $ 1 9,359,065 $ — 60,091,740 $ 1 ( 18,326,863 ) $ ( 494,075 ) $ 1,223,119 $ 830,538 $ ( 10,196 ) $ 1,549,388 $ 314,230 $ 1,863,618 Share based compensation 1,669,030 — — — — — — — 27,377 — — 27,377 — 27,377 Repurchase of Class C common stock — — ( 234,269 ) — — — — — ( 8,204 ) — — ( 8,204 ) — ( 8,204 ) Treasury stock purchases ( 612,844 ) — — — — — ( 8,908,544 ) ( 287,211 ) — ( 18,354 ) — ( 305,565 ) — ( 305,565 ) Stock options exercised 246,879 — — — — — — — 4,691 — — 4,691 — 4,691 Net income — — — — — — — — — 112,257 — 112,257 87,668 199,925 Foreign exchange translation adjustment — — — — — — — — — — ( 3,172 ) ( 3,172 ) ( 1,996 ) ( 5,168 ) Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains — — — — — — — — — — 29,387 29,387 18,486 47,873 Dividends ($ 0.24 per share of Class A common stock and participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Awards) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — — — ( 27,054 ) — ( 27,054 ) ( 98,751 ) ( 125,805 ) Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges 71,641 — — — — — — — — — — — — — Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges — — ( 71,641 ) — — — — — — — — — — — Balance at March 31, 2022 132,872,351 $ 1 9,053,155 $ — 60,091,740 $ 1 ( 27,235,407 ) $ ( 781,286 ) $ 1,246,983 $ 897,387 $ 16,019 $ 1,379,105 $ 319,637 $ 1,698,742 Share based compensation — — — — — — — — 9,411 — — 9,411 — 9,411 Repurchase of Class C common stock — — ( 1,800 ) — — — — — ( 52 ) — — ( 52 ) — ( 52 ) Treasury stock purchases — — — — — — ( 1,762,756 ) ( 47,486 ) — — ( 47,486 ) — ( 47,486 ) Stock options exercised 22,000 — — — — — — — 418 — — 418 — 418 Net income — — — — — — — — — 85,167 — 85,167 63,729 148,896 Foreign exchange translation adjustment — — — — — — — — — — ( 10,773 ) ( 10,773 ) ( 9,037 ) ( 19,810 ) Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains — — — — — — — — — — 8,580 8,580 5,482 14,062 Dividends ($ 0.24 per share of Class A and Class B common stock and participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Awards) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — — — ( 26,067 ) — ( 26,067 ) ( 76,906 ) ( 102,973 ) Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges 21,289 — — — — — — — — — — — — — Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges — — ( 21,289 ) — — — — — — — — — — — Contributions from noncontrolling interests — — — — — — — — — — — — 39,200 39,200 Balance at June 30, 2022 132,915,640 $ 1 9,030,066 $ — 60,091,740 $ 1 ( 28,998,163 ) $ ( 828,772 ) $ 1,256,760 $ 956,487 $ 13,826 $ 1,398,303 $ 342,105 $ 1,740,408 Share based compensation 131,892 — — — — — — — 9,159 $ — — 9,159 — 9,159 Treasury stock purchases ( 35,006 ) — — — — — ( 3,439,813 ) ( 80,596 ) — ( 823 ) — ( 81,419 ) — ( 81,419 ) Net income — — — — — — — — — 40,007 — 40,007 39,867 79,874 Foreign exchange translation adjustment — — — — — — — — — — ( 11,161 ) ( 11,161 ) ( 7,366 ) ( 18,527 ) Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses) — — — — — — — — — — 18,513 18,513 12,218 30,731 Dividends ($ 0.24 per share of Class A and Class B common stock and participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Award) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — — — ( 25,337 ) — ( 25,337 ) ( 61,981 ) ( 87,318 ) Balance at September 30, 2022 133,012,526 $ 1 9,030,066 $ — 60,091,740 $ 1 ( 32,437,976 ) $ ( 909,368 ) $ 1,265,919 $ 970,334 $ 21,178 $ 1,348,065 $ 324,843 $ 1,672,908 6 Table of Contents Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited) Three and Nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021 Class A Common Stock Class C Common Stock Class D Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Total Virtu Financial Inc. Stockholders' Equity Noncontrolling Interest Total Equity (in thousands, except share and interest data) Shares Amounts Shares Amounts Shares Amounts Shares Amounts Amounts Balance at December 31, 2020 125,627,277 $ 1 10,226,939 $ — 60,091,740 $ 1 ( 3,615,097 ) $ ( 88,923 ) $ 1,160,567 $ 422,381 $ ( 25,487 ) $ 1,468,540 $ 386,498 $ 1,855,038 Share based compensation 1,896,407 — — — — — — — 27,450 — — 27,450 — 27,450 Treasury stock purchases ( 615,794 ) — — — — — ( 2,277,409 ) ( 63,359 ) — ( 16,059 ) — ( 79,418 ) — ( 79,418 ) Stock options exercised 154,372 — — — — — — — 2,933 — — 2,933 — 2,933 Net income — — — — — — — — — 239,405 — 239,405 169,827 409,232 Foreign exchange translation adjustment — — — — — — — — — — ( 2,165 ) ( 2,165 ) ( 1,511 ) ( 3,676 ) Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains — — — — — — — — — — 12,607 12,607 9,299 21,906 Dividends ($ 0.24 per share of Class A common stock and participating Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — — — ( 30,147 ) — ( 30,147 ) ( 159,239 ) ( 189,386 ) Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges 91,757 — — — — — — — — — — — — — Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges — — ( 91,757 ) — — — — — — — — — — — Balance at March 31, 2021 127,154,019 $ 1 10,135,182 $ — 60,091,740 $ 1 ( 5,892,506 ) $ ( 152,282 ) $ 1,190,950 $ 615,580 $ ( 15,045 ) $ 1,639,205 $ 404,874 $ 2,044,079 Share based compensation 32,916 — — — — — — — 7,444 — — 7,444 — 7,444 Repurchase of Class C common stock — — ( 45,622 ) — — — — — ( 1,323 ) — — ( 1,323 ) — ( 1,323 ) Treasury stock purchases ( 5,489 ) — — — — — ( 3,358,003 ) ( 101,305 ) — ( 114 ) — ( 101,419 ) — ( 101,419 ) Stock options exercised 253,625 — — — — — — — 4,819 — — 4,819 — 4,819 Net income — — — — — — — — — 62,910 — 62,910 45,997 108,907 Foreign exchange translation adjustment — — — — — — — — — — 43 43 23 66 Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges losses — — — — — — — — — — ( 4,115 ) ( 4,115 ) ( 3,091 ) ( 7,206 ) Dividends ($ 0.24 per share of Class A and Class B common stock and participating Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Award) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — — — ( 29,483 ) — ( 29,483 ) ( 103,062 ) ( 132,545 ) Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges 290,524 — — — — — — — — — — — — — Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges — — ( 290,524 ) — — — — — — — — — — — Balance at June 30, 2021 127,725,595 $ 1 9,799,036 $ — 60,091,740 $ 1 ( 9,250,509 ) $ ( 253,587 ) $ 1,201,890 $ 648,893 $ ( 19,117 ) $ 1,578,081 $ 344,741 $ 1,922,822 Share based compensation 103,154 — — — — — — — 6,803 — — 6,803 — 6,803 Repurchase of Class C common stock — — ( 12,980 ) — — — — — ( 370 ) — — ( 370 ) — ( 370 ) Treasury stock purchases ( 17,954 ) — — — — — ( 5,401,932 ) ( 138,881 ) — ( 496 ) — ( 139,377 ) — ( 139,377 ) Stock options exercised 39,000 — — — — — — — 741 — — 741 — 741 Net income — — — — — — — — — 70,507 — 70,507 52,631 123,138 Foreign exchange translation adjustment — — — — — — — — — — ( 4,912 ) ( 4,912 ) ( 2,931 ) ( 7,843 ) Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains — — — — — — — — — — 2,191 2,191 1,307 3,498 Dividends ($ 0.24 per share of Class A and Class B common stock and participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Award) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — — — ( 28,336 ) — ( 28,336 ) ( 80,363 ) ( 108,699 ) Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges 22,991 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7 Table of Contents Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited) Three and Nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021 Class A Common Stock Class C Common Stock Class D Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Total Virtu Financial Inc. Stockholders' Equity Noncontrolling Interest Total Equity (in thousands, except share and interest data) Shares Amounts Shares Amounts Shares Amounts Shares Amounts Amounts Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges — — ( 22,991 ) — — — — — — — — — — — Balance at September 30, 2021 127,872,786 $ 1 9,763,065 $ — 60,091,740 $ 1 ( 14,652,441 ) $ ( 392,468 ) $ 1,209,064 $ 690,568 $ ( 21,838 ) $ 1,485,328 $ 315,385 $ 1,800,713 See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). 8 Table of Contents Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Cash flows from operating activities Net income $ 428,698 $ 641,276 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 50,470 49,764 Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software 48,817 53,087 Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing and prepayment 24,316 649 Amortization of debt issuance costs and deferred financing fees 5,738 5,243 Termination of office leases 1,744 5,126 Share-based compensation 50,841 38,260 Deferred taxes 9,013 16,791 Other 10,786 ( 15,093 ) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Securities borrowed 84,772 147,415 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 72,779 ( 147,328 ) Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations ( 399,890 ) 231,580 Trading assets, at fair value ( 546,393 ) ( 862,163 ) Receivables from customers ( 101,016 ) ( 199,766 ) Operating lease right-of-use assets 25,386 20,135 Other assets ( 67,931 ) 43,898 Securities loaned ( 153,079 ) 69,180 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ( 68,247 ) 122,033 Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations 130,040 236,722 Payables to customers 41,932 64,113 Trading liabilities, at fair value 689,059 ( 52,059 ) Operating lease liabilities ( 30,044 ) ( 22,373 ) Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities ( 17,329 ) ( 71,968 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 290,462 374,522 Cash flows from investing activities Development of capitalized software ( 31,294 ) ( 30,154 ) Acquisition of property and equipment ( 18,354 ) ( 16,326 ) Other investing activities 38,668 ( 18,960 ) Net cash used in investing activities ( 10,980 ) ( 65,440 ) Cash flows from financing activities Dividends to stockholders and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest ( 316,096 ) ( 430,630 ) Repurchase of Class C common stock ( 8,256 ) ( 1,693 ) Purchase of treasury stock ( 434,470 ) ( 320,214 ) Stock options exercised 5,109 8,493 Short-term borrowings, net 104,945 249,622 Proceeds from long-term borrowings 1,800,000 — Repayment of long term borrowings ( 1,599,774 ) ( 36,737 ) Tax receivable agreement obligations ( 21,343 ) ( 16,505 ) Debt issuance costs ( 35,813 ) ( 2,658 ) Contributions from noncontrolling interests 39,200 — Net cash used in financing activities ( 466,498 ) ( 550,322 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents ( 43,490 ) ( 11,452 ) Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents ( 230,506 ) ( 252,692 ) Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted or segregated cash, beginning of period 1,120,953 1,007,005 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted or segregated cash, end of period $ 890,447 $ 754,313 Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information 9 Table of Contents Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Cash paid for interest $ 168,739 $ 115,890 Cash paid for taxes 100,844 130,565 Non-cash investing activities Share-based and accrued incentive compensation to developers relating to capitalized software 12,863 12,935 See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). 10 Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation Organization The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Virtu Financial, Inc. (“VFI” or, collectively with its wholly owned or controlled subsidiaries, “Virtu” or the “Company”). VFI is a Delaware corporation whose primary asset is its ownership interest in Virtu Financial LLC (“Virtu Financial”). As of September 30, 2022, VFI owned approximately 60.2 % of the membership interests of Virtu Financial. VFI is the sole managing member of Virtu Financial and operates and controls all of the businesses and affairs of Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries (the “Group”). The Company is a leading financial firm that leverages cutting edge technology to deliver liquidity to the global markets and innovative, transparent trading solutions to its clients. The Company provides deep liquidity in over 25,000 financial instruments, on over 235 venues, in 36 countries worldwide to help create more efficient markets. Leveraging its global market structure expertise and scaled, multi-asset infrastructure, the Company provides its clients with a robust product suite including offerings in execution, liquidity sourcing, analytics and broker-neutral, multi-dealer platforms in workflow technology. The Company’s product offerings allow its clients to trade on hundreds of venues in over 50 countries and across multiple asset classes, including global equities, Exchange-Traded Funds ("ETFs"), foreign exchange, futures, fixed income, cryptocurrencies, and other commodities. The Company’s integrated, multi-asset analytics platform provides a range of pre- and post-trade services, data products and compliance tools that its clients rely upon to invest, trade and manage risk across global markets. The Company has completed two significant acquisitions over the past six years that have expanded and complemented Virtu Financial's original electronic trading and marking making business. On July 20, 2017, the Company completed the all-cash acquisition of KCG Holdings, Inc. (“KCG”) (the “Acquisition of KCG”). On March 1, 2019 (the “ITG Closing Date”), the Company completed the acquisition of Investment Technology Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“ITG”) in an all-cash transaction (the “ITG Acquisition”). ITG's business contributes to the Company's Execution Services segment. Virtu Financial’s principal United States ("U.S.") subsidiary is Virtu Americas LLC (“VAL”), which is a U.S. broker-dealer. Other principal U.S. subsidiaries include Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC, a U.S. trading entity focused on futures and currencies; Virtu ITG Analytics LLC, a provider of pre- and post-trade analysis, fair value, and trade optimization services; and Virtu ITG Platforms LLC, a provider of workflow technology solutions and network connectivity services. Principal foreign subsidiaries include Virtu Financial Ireland Limited ("VFIL") and Virtu ITG Europe Limited ("VIEL"), each formed in Ireland; Virtu ITG UK Limited ("VIUK"), formed in the United Kingdom; Virtu ITG Canada Corp. and Virtu Financial Canada ULC, each formed in Canada; Virtu Financial Asia Pty Ltd. and Virtu ITG Australia Limited, each formed in Australia; Virtu ITG Hong Kong Limited, formed in Hong Kong; and Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd. and Virtu ITG Singapore Pte. Ltd., each formed in Singapore, all of which are trading entities focused on asset classes in their respective geographic regions. The Company has two operating segments: (i) Market Making and (ii) Execution Services; and one non-operating segment: Corporate. See Note 20 "Geographic Information and Business Segments" for a further discussion of the Company’s segments. Basis of Consolidation and Form of Presentation These condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding financial reporting with respect to Form 10-Q and accounting standards generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC” or the “Codification”), and reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are normal and recurring, and that are necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with SEC rules and regulations. The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include its equity interests in Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries. As sole managing member of Virtu Financial, the Company exerts control over the Group’s operations. The Company consolidates Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries’ financial statements and records the interests in Virtu Financial that the 11 Company does not own as noncontrolling interests. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies For a detailed discussion of the Company's significant accounting policies, see Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Convertible Instruments - In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The ASU simplifies accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts in an entity's own equity and updates selected earnings per share ("EPS") guidance. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2022 and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements. Reference Rate Reform - In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting , which is designed to ease the potential burden in accounting for the transition away from LIBOR. The ASU applies to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued and replaced with alternative reference rates as a result of reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The ASU is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, which expands the scope of Topic 848 to include derivative instruments that are affected by changes in the interest rates used for margining, discounting or contract price alignment as part of the market transition to new reference rates (the "discounting transition"). The Company adopted these ASUs on April 1, 2022, and this did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) . The ASU eliminates the accounting guidance for trouble debt restructurings by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, and enhances the disclosure requirements for modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, the ASU requires disclosure of gross writeoffs of receivables by year of origination for receivables within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost . This ASU is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted this ASU on April 1, 2022 and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted as of September 30, 2022 Derivatives and Hedging - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging - Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method (Topic 815) . The ASU expands the scope of permissible hedging, and permits the use of different derivative structures as hedging instruments. The ASU also clarifies the certain terms for partial-term fair value hedges of interest rate risk. This ASU is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU but does not expect it to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements. Fair Value Measurement - In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (Topic 326) . The ASU clarifies the impact of contractual sale restrictions on the fair value of an equity security. Additionally, this ASU requires disclosure of the nature and remaining duration of the sale restriction. This ASU is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU but does not expect it to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements. Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs - In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022 -03, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50) . This ASU requires new quantitative and qualitative disclosure requirements for a buyer who enters into supplier financing programs. This ASU is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU but does not expect it to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements. 12 3. Earnings per Share The below table contains a reconciliation of Net income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest to Net income available for common stockholders: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest $ 101,606 $ 145,099 $ 517,103 $ 769,887 Provision for income taxes 21,732 21,961 88,405 128,611 Net income 79,874 123,138 428,698 641,276 Noncontrolling interest ( 39,867 ) ( 52,631 ) ( 191,264 ) ( 268,454 ) Net income available for common stockholders $ 40,007 $ 70,507 $ 237,434 $ 372,822 The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, except for share or per share data) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Basic earnings per share: Net income available for common stockholders $ 40,007 $ 70,507 $ 237,434 $ 372,822 Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities ( 1,562 ) ( 2,222 ) ( 8,726 ) ( 10,335 ) Net income available for common stockholders, net of dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities 38,445 68,285 228,708 362,487 Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: Class A 102,289,172 115,770,457 105,500,700 119,148,571 Basic earnings per share $ 0.38 $ 0.59 $ 2.17 $ 3.04 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, except for share or per share data) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Diluted earnings per share: Net income available for common stockholders, net of dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities $ 38,445 $ 68,285 $ 228,708 $ 362,487 Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: Class A Issued and outstanding 102,289,172 115,770,457 105,500,700 119,148,571 Issuable pursuant to Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan, Amended and Restated Investment Technology Group, Inc. 2007 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan, and Warrants issued in connection with the Founder Member Loan 261,680 852,657 503,693 1,224,589 102,550,852 116,623,114 106,004,393 120,373,160 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.37 $ 0.59 $ 2.16 $ 3.01 13 4. Tax Receivable Agreements For a detailed discussion of the Company's tax receivable agreements, see Note 6 "Tax Receivable Agreements" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. For the purposes of the tax receivable agreements discussed above, the cash savings realized by the Company are computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of the Company to the amount of such taxes the Company would have been required to pay had there been (i) no increase to the tax basis of the assets of Virtu Financial as a result of the purchase or exchange of Virtu Financial Units, (ii) no tax benefit from the tax basis in the intangible assets of Virtu Financial on the date of the IPO and (iii) no tax benefit as a result of the Net Operating Losses (“NOLs”) and other tax attributes of Virtu Financial. Subsequent adjustments of the tax receivable agreements obligations due to certain events (e.g., changes to the expected realization of NOLs or changes in tax rates) will be recognized within income before taxes and noncontrolling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company made its first payment of $ 7.0 million in February 2017, its second payment of $ 12.4 million in September 2018, its third payment of $ 13.3 million in March 2020, its fourth payment of $ 16.5 million in April 2021, and its fifth payment of $ 21.3 million in March 2022. Tax receivable payments are expected to range from approximately $ 0.4 million to $ 22.0 million per year over the next 15 years. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s remaining deferred tax assets that relate to the matters described above were approximately $ 165.3 million and $ 180.4 million, respectively, and the Company’s liabilities over the next 15 years pursuant to the tax receivable agreements were approximately $ 237.9 million and $ 259.3 million, respectively. The amounts recorded as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are based on best estimates available at the respective dates and may be subject to change after the filing of the Company’s U.S. federal and state income tax returns for the years in which tax savings were realized. 5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Company has two operating segments: (i) Market Making; and (ii) Execution Services; and one non-operating segment: Corporate. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s total amount of goodwill recorded was $ 1,148.9 million. No goodwill impairment was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The following table presents the details of goodwill by segment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: (in thousands) Market Making Execution Services Corporate Total Balance as of period-end $ 755,292 $ 393,634 $ — $ 1,148,926 As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company's total amount of intangible assets recorded was $ 337.5 million and $ 386.3 million, respectively. Acquired intangible assets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: As of September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Useful Lives (Years) Customer relationships $ 486,600 $ ( 178,025 ) $ 308,575 10 to 12 Technology 136,000 ( 114,253 ) 21,747 1 to 6 Favorable occupancy leases 5,895 ( 4,215 ) 1,680 3 to 15 Exchange memberships 3,998 — 3,998 Indefinite Trade name 3,600 ( 3,600 ) — 3 ETF issuer relationships 950 ( 950 ) — 9 ETF buyer relationships 950 ( 950 ) — 9 Other $ 1,500 $ — $ 1,500 Indefinite $ 639,493 $ ( 301,993 ) $ 337,500 14 As of December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Useful Lives (Years) Customer relationships $ 486,600 $ ( 142,142 ) $ 344,458 10 to 12 Technology 136,000 ( 102,088 ) 33,912 1 to 6 Favorable occupancy leases 5,895 ( 3,631 ) 2,264 3 to 15 Exchange memberships 3,998 — 3,998 Indefinite Trade name 3,600 ( 3,400 ) 200 3 ETF issuer relationships 950 ( 950 ) — 9 ETF buyer relationships 950 ( 950 ) — 9 Other $ 1,500 $ — $ 1,500 Indefinite $ 639,493 $ ( 253,161 ) $ 386,332 Amortization expense relating to finite-lived intangible assets was approximately $ 16.1 million and $ 16.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $ 48.8 million and $ 53.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This is included in Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company expects to record amortization expense as follows over the next five subsequent years: (in thousands) Remainder of 2022 $ 16,020 2023 63,960 2024 50,845 2025 47,879 2026 47,879 2027 47,879 15 6. Receivables from/Payables to Broker-Dealers and Clearing Organizations The following is a summary of receivables from and payables to brokers-dealers and clearing organizations at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: (in thousands) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Assets Due from prime brokers $ 836,805 $ 287,991 Deposits with clearing organizations 184,474 161,928 Net equity with futures commission merchants 120,242 98,302 Unsettled trades with clearing organizations 284 164,195 Securities failed to deliver 332,348 290,207 Commissions and fees 40,890 24,184 Total receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations $ 1,515,043 $ 1,026,807 Liabilities Due to prime brokers $ 326,188 $ 497,972 Net equity with futures commission merchants (1) ( 41,379 ) ( 57,226 ) Unsettled trades with clearing organizations 273,879 828 Securities failed to receive 118,953 128,392 Commissions and fees 2,889 1,560 Total payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations $ 680,530 $ 571,526 (1) The Company presents its balances, including outstanding principal balances on all broker credit facilities, on a net-by-counterparty basis within receivables from and payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations when the criteria for offsetting are met . Included as a deduction from “Due from prime brokers” and “Net equity with futures commission merchants” is the outstanding principal balance on all of the Company’s prime brokerage credit facilities (described in Note 8 "Borrowings") of approximately $ 157.6 million and $ 177.1 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The loan proceeds from the credit facilities are available only to meet the initial margin requirements associated with the Company’s ordinary course futures and other trading positions, which are held in the Company’s trading accounts with an affiliate of the respective financial institutions. The credit facilities are fully collateralized by the Company’s trading accounts and deposit accounts with these financial institutions. “Securities failed to deliver” and “Securities failed to receive” include amounts with a clearing organization and other broker-dealers. 7. Collateralized Transactions The Company is permitted to sell or repledge securities received as collateral and use these securities to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending transactions or deliver these securities to counterparties or clearing organizations to cover short positions. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, substantially all of the securities received as collateral have been repledged. The fair value of the collateralized transactions at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are summarized as follows: (in thousands) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Securities received as collateral: Securities borrowed $ 1,218,529 $ 1,299,270 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 46,572 119,453 $ 1,265,101 $ 1,418,723 In the normal course of business, the Company pledges qualified securities with clearing organizations to satisfy daily margin and clearing fund requirements. Financial instruments owned and pledged, where the counterparty has the right to repledge, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following: 16 (in thousands) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Equities $ 1,044,809 $ 1,012,569 Exchange traded notes 12,104 5,391 $ 1,056,913 $ 1,017,960 8. Borrowings Short-term Borrowings, net The following summarizes the Company's short-term borrowing balances outstanding, net of related debt issuance costs, with each described in further detail below. September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Borrowing Outstanding Deferred Debt Issuance Cost Short-term Borrowings, net Broker-dealer credit facilities $ 168,000 $ ( 550 ) $ 167,450 $ 168,000 $ ( 550 ) $ 167,450 December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Borrowing Outstanding Deferred Debt Issuance Cost Short-term Borrowings, net Broker-dealer credit facilities $ 58,000 $ ( 1,546 ) $ 56,454 Short-term bank loans 5,056 — 5,056 $ 63,056 $ ( 1,546 ) $ 61,510 Broker-Dealer Credit Facilities The Company is a party to two secured credit facilities with a financial institution to finance overnight securities positions purchased as part of its ordinary course broker-dealer market making activities. One of the facilities (the “Uncommitted Facility”) is provided on an uncommitted basis with an aggregate borrowing limit of $ 400 million, and is collateralized by VAL's trading and deposit account maintained at the financial institution. The second credit facility (the “Committed Facility”) with the same financial institution has a borrowing limit of $ 650 million. The Committed Facility consists of two borrowing bases: Borrowing Base A Loan is to be used to finance the purchase and settlement of securities; Borrowing Base B Loan is to be used to fund margin deposit with the National Securities Clearing Corporation. Borrowing Base A Loans are available up to $ 650 million and bear interest at the adjusted SOFR or base rate plus 1.25 % per annum. Borrowing Base B Loans are subject to a sublimit of $ 200 million and bear interest at the adjusted SOFR or base rate plus 2.50 % per annum. A commitment fee of 0.50 % per annum on the average daily unused portion of this facility is payable quarterly in arrears. On May 25, 2022, Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd. entered into a revolving credit facility with a financial institution (the "Overdraft Facility") to provide a source of short-term financing. The facility has an aggregate borrowing limit of $ 10 million, and bears interest at the adjusted SOFR or base rate plus 3.5 % per annum. On March 20, 2020, VAL entered into a Loan Agreement (the “Founder Member Loan Facility”) with TJMT Holdings LLC (the “Founder Member”), as lender and administrative agent, providing for unsecured term loans from time to time (the “Founder Member Loans”) in an aggregate original principal amount not to exceed $ 300 million. The Founder Member Loans were available to be borrowed in one or more borrowings on or after March 20, 2020 and prior to September 20, 2020 (the "Founder Member Loan Term"). The Founder Member Loan Facility Term expired as of September 20, 2020 without VAL having borrowed any Founder Member Loans at any time. The Founder Member is an affiliate of Mr. Vincent Viola, the Company’s founder and Chairman Emeritus. Upon the execution of and in consideration for the Lender’s (as defined in the Founder Member Loan Facility) commitments under the Founder Member Loan Facility, the Company delivered to the Founder Member a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. Terms of the warrant are set forth in further detail in Note 17 "Capital Structure". The following summarizes the Company’s broker-dealer credit facilities' carrying values, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, where applicable. These balances are included within Short-term borrowings on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. 17 At September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Interest Rate Financing Available Borrowing Outstanding Deferred Debt Issuance Cost Outstanding Borrowings, net Broker-dealer credit facilities: Uncommitted facility 4.25 % $ 400,000 $ 158,000 $ ( 550 ) $ 157,450 Committed facility 4.50 % 650,000 — — — Overdraft facility 6.48 % 10,000 10,000 — 10,000 $ 1,060,000 $ 168,000 $ ( 550 ) $ 167,450 At December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Interest Rate Financing Available Borrowing Outstanding Deferred Debt Issuance Cost Outstanding Borrowings, net Broker-dealer credit facilities: Uncommitted facility 1.25 % $ 400,000 $ 58,000 $ ( 1,546 ) $ 56,454 Committed facility 3.78 % 600,000 — — — $ 1,000,000 $ 58,000 $ ( 1,546 ) $ 56,454 The following summarizes interest expense for the broker-dealer facilities. Interest expense is included within Interest and dividends expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Broker-dealer credit facilities: Uncommitted facility $ 1,476 $ 540 $ 2,769 $ 1,790 Committed facility — — 38 57 $ 1,476 $ 540 $ 2,807 $ 1,847 Short-Term Bank Loans The Company’s international securities clearance and settlement activities are funded with operating cash or with short-term bank loans in the form of overdraft facilities. At September 30, 2022, there was no balance associated with international settlement activities outstanding under these facilities. At December 31, 2021, there was $ 5.1 million associated with international settlement activities outstanding under these facilities at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 4.2 %. These short-term bank loan balances are included within Short-term borrowings on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. 18 Prime Brokerage Credit Facilities The Company maintains short-term credit facilities with various prime brokers and other financial institutions from which it receives execution or clearing services. The proceeds of these facilities are used to meet margin requirements associated with the products traded by the Company in the ordinary course, and amounts borrowed are collateralized by the Company’s trading accounts with the applicable financial institution. At September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Weighted Average Interest Rate Financing Available Borrowing Outstanding Prime Brokerage Credit Facilities: Prime brokerage credit facilities (1) 6.25 % $ 616,000 $ 157,641 $ 616,000 $ 157,641 At December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Weighted Average Interest Rate Financing Available Borrowing Outstanding Prime Brokerage Credit Facilities: Prime brokerage credit facilities (1) 2.91 % $ 616,000 $ 177,080 $ 616,000 $ 177,080 (1) Outstanding borrowings are included with Receivables from/Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Interest expense in relation to the facilities was $ 2.6 million and $ 1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and $ 5.9 million and $ 3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Long-Term Borrowings The following summarizes the Company’s long-term borrowings, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs, where applicable: At September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Maturity Date Interest Rate Outstanding Principal Discount Deferred Debt Issuance Cost Outstanding Borrowings, net Long-term borrowings: First Lien Term Loan Facility January 2029 6.12 % $ 1,800,000 $ ( 4,042 ) $ ( 28,070 ) $ 1,767,888 SBI bonds January 2023 5.00 % 24,181 — ( 6 ) 24,175 $ 1,824,181 $ ( 4,042 ) $ ( 28,076 ) $ 1,792,063 At December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Maturity Date Interest Rate Outstanding Principal Discount Deferred Debt Issuance Cost Outstanding Borrowings, net Long-term borrowings: First Lien Term Loan Facility March 2026 3.10 % $ 1,599,774 $ ( 3,723 ) $ ( 21,620 ) $ 1,574,431 SBI bonds January 2023 5.00 % 30,722 — ( 21 ) 30,701 $ 1,630,496 $ ( 3,723 ) $ ( 21,641 ) $ 1,605,132 Credit Agreements In connection with the ITG Acquisition, Virtu Financial, VFH, and Impala Borrower LLC (the "Acquisition Borrower") entered into a credit agreement, with the lenders party thereto, Jefferies Finance LLC, as administrative agent and Jefferies Finance LLC and RBC Capital Markets, as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners (the "Acquisition Credit Agreement"). 19 The Acquisition Credit Agreement provided (i) a senior secured first lien term loan (together with the Acquisition Incremental Term Loans, as defined below; the “Acquisition First Lien Term Loan Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of $ 1,500 million, drawn in its entirety on the ITG Closing Date, of which amount approximately $ 404.5 million was borrowed by VFH to repay all amounts outstanding under a previous term loan facility and the remaining approximately $ 1,095 million was borrowed by Impala Borrower LLC (the "Acquisition Borrower"), to finance the consideration and fees and expenses paid in connection with the ITG Acquisition, and (ii) a $ 50.0 million senior secured first lien revolving facility to VFH, with a $ 5.0 million letter of credit subfacility and a $ 5.0 million swingline subfacility. After the ITG Closing Date, VFH assumed the obligations of the Acquisition Borrower in respect of the acquisition term loans. On October 9, 2019, VFH entered into an amendment, which amended the Acquisition Credit Agreement dated as of March 1, 2019 to, among other things, provide for $ 525.0 million in aggregate principal amount of incremental term loans (the “Acquisition Incremental Term Loans”), and amend the related collateral agreement. On March 2, 2020, VFH entered into a second amendment, which further amended the Acquisition Credit Agreement to, among other things, reduce the interest rate spread over adjusted LIBOR or the alternate base rate by 0.50 % per annum and eliminated any step-down in the spread based on VFH's first lien leverage ratio. On January 13, 2022 (the “Credit Agreement Closing Date”), Virtu Financial, VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a subsidiary of Virtu Financial (“VFH”), entered into the Credit Agreement, with the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Goldman Sachs Bank USA, RBC Capital Markets, Barclays Bank plc, Jefferies Finance LLC, BMO Capital Markets Corp., and CIBC World Markets Corp., as joint lead arrangers and bookrunners (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides (i) a senior secured first lien term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $ 1,800.0 million, drawn in its entirety on the Credit Agreement Closing Date, the proceeds of which were used by VFH to repay all amounts outstanding under the Acquisition Credit Agreement, to pay fees and expenses in connection therewith, to fund share repurchases under the Company’s repurchase program and for general corporate purposes, and (ii) a $ 250.0 million senior secured first lien revolving facility to VFH, with a $ 20.0 million letter of credit subfacility and a $ 20.0 million swingline subfacility. The term loan borrowings and revolver borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either (i) the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect, (b) the greater of (1) the federal funds effective rate and (2) the overnight bank funding rate, in each case plus 0.50 %, (c) an adjusted term SOFR rate with an interest period of one month plus 1.00 % and (d)(1) in the case of term loan borrowings, 1.50 % and (2) in the case of revolver borrowings, 1.00 %, plus, (x) in the case of term loan borrowings, 2.00 % and (y) in the case of revolver borrowings, 1.50 %, or (ii) the greater of (a) an adjusted term SOFR rate for the interest period in effect and (b) (1) in the case of term loan borrowings, 0.50 % and (2) in the case of revolver borrowings, 0.00 %, plus, (x) in the case of term loan borrowings, 3.00 % and (y) in the case of revolver borrowings, 2.50 %. In addition, a commitment fee accrues at a rate of 0.50 % per annum on the average daily unused amount of the revolving facility, with step-downs to 0.375 % and 0.25 % per annum based on VFH’s first lien leverage ratio, and is payable quarterly in arrears. The revolving facility under the Credit Agreement is subject to a springing net first lien leverage ratio test which may spring into effect as of the last day of a fiscal quarter if usage of the aggregate revolving commitments exceeds a specified level as of such date. VFH is also subject to contingent principal prepayments based on excess cash flow and certain other triggering events. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Virtu Financial and VFH’s material non-regulated domestic restricted subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the assets of VFH and the guarantors, in each case, subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement contains certain customary covenants and events of default, including relating to a change of control. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the lenders under the Credit Agreement will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor in respect of the collateral securing the obligations under the Credit Agreement. Under the Credit Agreement, the term loans will mature on January 13, 2029. The term loans amortize in annual installments equal to 1.0 % of the original aggregate principal amount of the term loans. The revolving commitments will terminate on January 13, 2025. As of September 30, 2022, $ 1,800 million was outstanding under the term loans, and there were no amounts outstanding under the first lien revolving facility. In October 2019, the Company entered into a five-year $ 525 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement. In January 2020, the Company also entered into a five-year $ 1,000 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement. These two interest rate swaps met the criteria to be considered and were designated qualifying cash flow hedges under ASC 815 in the first quarter of 2020, and they effectively fixed interest payment obligations on $ 525.0 million and $ 1,000 million of principal under the Acquisition First Lien Term Loan Facility at rates of 4.3 % and 4.4 % through September 2024 and January 2025, respectively, based on the interest rates set forth in the Acquisition Credit Agreement. In April 2021, each of the swap agreements described above was novated to another counterparty and amended in connection with such novation. The 20 amendments included certain changes to collateral posting obligations, and also had the effect of increasing the effective fixed interest payment obligations to rates of 4.5 %, with respect to the earlier maturing swap arrangement, and 4.6 % with respect to the later maturing swap arrangement. In January 2022, in order to align the swap agreements with the Credit Agreement, the Company amended each of the swap agreements to align the floating rate term of such swap agreements to SOFR. The effective fixed interest payment obligations remained at 4.5 %, with respect to the earlier maturing swap arrangement, and 4.6 % with respect to the later maturing swap arrangement. SBI Bonds On July 25, 2016, VFH issued Japanese Yen Bonds (collectively the “SBI Bonds”) in the aggregate principal amount of ¥ 3.5 billion ($ 33.1 million at issuance date) to SBI Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SBI Insurance Co., Ltd. The proceeds from the SBI Bonds were used to partially fund the investment in Japannext Co., Ltd. (as described in Note 9 "Financial Assets and Liabilities"). The SBI Bonds are guaranteed by Virtu Financial. The SBI Bonds are subject to fluctuations on the Japanese Yen currency rates relative to the Company’s reporting currency (U.S. Dollar) with the changes reflected in Other, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. In December 2019, the maturity date of the SBI Bonds was extended to January 2023. The principal balance was ¥ 3.5 billion ($ 24.2 million) as of September 30, 2022 and ¥ 3.5 billion ($ 30.7 million) as of December 31, 2021. The Company had a gain $ 1.6 million and a gain of $ 0.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and a gain of $ 6.5 million, and a gain of $ 2.4 million, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, due to changes in foreign currency rates. As of September 30, 2022, aggregate future required minimum principal payments based on the terms of the long-term borrowings were as follows: (in thousands) September 30, 2022 2022 — 2023 42,181 2024 18,000 2025 18,000 2026 18,000 Thereafter 1,728,000 Total principal of long-term borrowings $ 1,824,181 9. Financial Assets and Liabilities Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value The fair value of equities, options, on-the-run U.S. government obligations and exchange traded notes is estimated using recently executed transactions and market price quotations in active markets and are categorized as Level 1 with the exception of inactively traded equities and certain other financial instruments, which are categorized as Level 2. The Company’s corporate bonds, derivative contracts and other U.S. and non-U.S. government obligations have been categorized as Level 2. Fair value of the Company’s derivative contracts is based on the indicative prices obtained from a number of banks and broker-dealers, as well as management’s own analyses. The indicative prices have been independently validated through the Company’s risk management systems, which are designed to check prices with information independently obtained from exchanges and venues where such financial instruments are listed or to compare prices of similar instruments with similar maturities for listed financial futures in foreign exchange. The Company prices certain financial instruments held for trading at fair value based on theoretical prices, which can differ from quoted market prices. The theoretical prices reflect price adjustments primarily caused by the fact that the Company continuously prices its financial instruments based on all available information. This information includes prices for identical and near-identical positions, as well as the prices for securities underlying the Company’s positions, on other exchanges that are open after the exchange on which the financial instruments is traded closes. The Company validates that all price adjustments can be substantiated with market inputs and checks the theoretical prices independently. Consequently, such financial instruments are classified as Level 2. 21 Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of September 30, 2022: September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting Total Fair Value Assets Financial instruments owned, at fair value: Equity securities $ 796,702 $ 1,811,674 $ — $ — $ 2,608,376 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 214,954 391,065 — — 606,019 Corporate Bonds — 461,459 — — 461,459 Exchange traded notes 1,297 22,390 — — 23,687 Currency forwards — 934,577 — ( 901,228 ) 33,349 Options 13,545 — — — 13,545 $ 1,026,498 $ 3,621,165 $ — $ ( 901,228 ) $ 3,746,435 Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral: Equity securities $ 687,201 $ 357,608 $ — $ — $ 1,044,809 Exchange traded notes 10 12,094 — — 12,104 $ 687,211 $ 369,702 $ — $ — $ 1,056,913 Other Assets Equity investment $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ — $ 71,625 Exchange stock 2,392 — — — 2,392 $ 2,392 $ — $ 71,625 $ — $ 74,017 Receivables from broker dealers and clearing organizations: Interest rate swap $ — $ 88,346 $ — $ — $ 88,346 Liabilities Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: Equity securities $ 1,243,747 $ 1,170,786 $ — $ — $ 2,414,533 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 434,940 521,265 — — 956,205 Corporate Bonds — 801,664 — — 801,664 Exchange traded notes — 11,707 — — 11,707 Currency forwards — 872,912 — ( 872,912 ) — Options 15,729 — — — 15,729 $ 1,694,416 $ 3,378,334 $ — $ ( 872,912 ) $ 4,199,838 22 Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of December 31, 2021: December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting Total Fair Value Assets Financial instruments owned, at fair value: Equity securities $ 572,567 $ 1,700,470 $ — $ — $ 2,273,037 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 337,350 18,519 — — 355,869 Corporate Bonds — 598,944 — — 598,944 Exchange traded notes 10 2,459 — — 2,469 Currency forwards — 206,258 — ( 206,125 ) 133 Options 8,543 — — — 8,543 $ 918,470 $ 2,526,650 $ — $ ( 206,125 ) $ 3,238,995 Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral: Equity securities $ 670,277 $ 342,292 $ — $ — $ 1,012,569 Exchange traded notes — 5,391 — — 5,391 $ 670,277 $ 347,683 $ — $ — $ 1,017,960 Other Assets Equity investment $ — $ — $ 81,358 $ — $ 81,358 Exchange stock 3,020 — — — 3,020 $ 3,020 $ — $ 81,358 $ — $ 84,378 Liabilities Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: Equity securities $ 1,482,386 $ 807,631 $ — $ — $ 2,290,017 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 330,765 9,955 — — 340,720 Corporate Bonds — 851,871 — — 851,871 Exchange traded notes — 22,962 — — 22,962 Currency forwards — 208,357 — ( 208,356 ) 1 Options 5,208 — — — 5,208 $ 1,818,359 $ 1,900,776 $ — $ ( 208,356 ) $ 3,510,779 Payables to broker dealers and clearing organizations: Interest rate swap $ — $ 21,037 $ — $ — $ 21,037 JNX Investment The Company has a minority investment (the “JNX Investment”) in Japannext Co., Ltd. (“JNX”), formerly known as SBI Japannext Co., Ltd., a proprietary trading system based in Tokyo. In connection with the JNX Investment, the Company issued the SBI Bonds (as described in Note 8 "Borrowings") and used the proceeds to partially finance the transaction. The JNX Investment is included within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of the JNX Investment was determined using a weighted average of valuations using 1) the discounted cash flow method, an income approach; 2) a market approach based on average enterprise value/EBITDA ratios of comparable companies; and to a lesser extent 3) a transaction approach based on transaction values of comparable companies. The fair value measurement is highly sensitive to significant changes in the unobservable inputs, and significant increases (decreases) in discount rate or decreases (increases) in enterprise value/EBITDA multiples would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. 23 The table below presents information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and their ranges for the JNX Investment: September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Input Range Weighted Average Equity investment $ 71,625 Discounted cash flow Estimated revenue growth ( 3.7 )% - 5.0 % 3.1 % Discount rate 15.5 % - 15.5 % 15.5 % Market Future enterprise value/ EBIDTA ratio 1.8 x - 21.0 x 12.4 x December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Input Range Weighted Average Equity investment $ 81,358 Discounted cash flow Estimated revenue growth 2.5 % - 32.6 % 10.6 % Discount rate 14.4 % - 14.4 % 14.4 % Market Future enterprise value/ EBIDTA ratio 8.7 x - 21.1 x 14.0 x Changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment are included within Other, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The following presents the changes in the Company's Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Balance at June 30, 2022 Purchases Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1) Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3 Settlement Balance at September 30, 2022 Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2022 Assets Other assets: Equity investment $ 77,562 $ — $ ( 5,937 ) $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ ( 5,937 ) Total $ 77,562 $ — $ ( 5,937 ) $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ ( 5,937 ) (1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment. Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands) Balance at June 30, 2021 Purchases Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1) Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3 Settlement Balance at September 30, 2021 Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2021 Assets Other assets: Equity investment $ 78,313 $ — $ 7,004 $ — $ — $ 85,317 $ 7,004 Total $ 78,313 $ — $ 7,004 $ — $ — $ 85,317 $ 7,004 (1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment. 24 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2021 Purchases Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1) Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3 Settlement Balance at September 30, 2022 Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2022 Assets Other assets: Equity investment $ 81,358 $ — $ ( 9,733 ) $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ ( 9,733 ) Total $ 81,358 $ — $ ( 9,733 ) $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ ( 9,733 ) (1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2020 Purchases Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1) Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3 Settlement Balance at September 30, 2021 Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2021 Assets Other assets: Equity investment $ 66,030 $ — $ 19,287 $ — $ — $ 85,317 $ 19,287 Total $ 66,030 $ — $ 19,287 $ — $ — $ 85,317 $ 19,287 (1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment. Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value The table below presents the carrying value, fair value and fair value hierarchy category of certain financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The table below excludes non-financial assets and liabilities. The carrying value of financial instruments not measured at fair value categorized in the fair value hierarchy as Level 1 and Level 2 approximates fair value due to the relatively short-term nature of the underlying assets. The fair value of the Company’s long-term borrowings is based on quoted prices from the market for similar instruments, and is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. 25 The table below summarizes financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022: September 30, 2022 Carrying Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs (in thousands) Fair Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 836,298 $ 836,298 $ 836,298 $ — $ — Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other 54,149 54,149 54,149 — — Securities borrowed 1,264,550 1,264,550 — 1,264,550 — Securities purchased under agreements to resell 46,674 46,674 — 46,674 — Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations 1,426,697 1,426,697 — 1,426,697 — Receivables from customers 247,492 247,492 — 247,492 — Other assets (1) 25,183 25,183 — 25,183 — Total Assets $ 3,901,043 $ 3,901,043 $ 890,447 $ 3,010,596 $ — Liabilities Short-term borrowings $ 167,450 $ 168,000 $ — $ 168,000 $ — Long-term borrowings 1,792,063 1,756,681 — 1,756,681 — Securities loaned 988,969 988,969 — 988,969 — Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 446,078 446,078 — 446,078 — Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations 680,530 680,530 — 680,530 — Payables to customers 96,931 96,931 — 96,931 — Other liabilities (2) 19,258 19,258 — 19,258 — Total Liabilities $ 4,191,279 $ 4,156,447 $ — $ 4,156,447 $ — (1) Includes cash collateral and deposits, and interest and dividends receivables. (2) Includes deposits, interest and dividends payable. 26 The table below summarizes financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021: December 31, 2021 Carrying Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs (in thousands) Fair Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,071,463 $ 1,071,463 $ 1,071,463 $ — $ — Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other 49,490 49,490 49,490 — — Securities borrowed 1,349,322 1,349,322 — 1,349,322 — Securities purchased under agreements to resell 119,453 119,453 — 119,453 — Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations 1,026,807 1,026,807 ( 24,037 ) 1,050,844 — Receivables from customers 146,476 146,476 — 146,476 — Other assets (1) 20,266 20,266 — 20,266 — Total Assets $ 3,783,277 $ 3,783,277 $ 1,096,916 $ 2,686,361 $ — Liabilities Short-term borrowings 61,510 63,046 — 63,046 — Long-term borrowings 1,605,132 1,628,497 — 1,628,497 — Securities loaned 1,142,048 1,142,048 — 1,142,048 — Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 514,325 514,325 — 514,325 — Payables to broker dealer and clearing organizations (2) 571,526 571,526 235 571,291 — Payables to customers 54,999 54,999 — 54,999 — Other liabilities (3) 9,414 9,414 — 9,414 — Total Liabilities $ 3,958,954 $ 3,983,855 $ 235 $ 3,983,620 $ — (1) Includes cash collateral and deposits, and interest and dividends receivables. (2) Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations include interest rate swaps carried at fair value. (3) Includes deposits, interest and dividends payable. Offsetting of Financial Assets and Liabilities The Company does not net securities borrowed and securities loaned, or securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. These financial instruments are presented on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. In the tables below, the amounts of financial instruments owned that are not offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, but could be netted against financial liabilities with specific counterparties under legally enforceable master netting agreements in the event of default, are presented to provide financial statement readers with the Company’s estimate of its net exposure to counterparties for these financial instruments. 27 The following tables set forth the gross and net presentation of certain financial assets and financial liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: September 30, 2022 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands) Financial Instrument Collateral Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral Net Amount Offsetting of Financial Assets: Securities borrowed $ 1,264,550 $ — $ 1,264,550 $ ( 1,218,529 ) $ ( 11,067 ) $ 34,954 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 46,674 — 46,674 ( 46,572 ) — 102 Trading assets, at fair value: Currency forwards 934,577 ( 901,228 ) 33,349 — — 33,349 Options 13,545 — 13,545 — ( 13,545 ) — Total $ 2,259,346 $ ( 901,228 ) $ 1,358,118 $ ( 1,265,101 ) $ ( 24,612 ) $ 68,405 Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands) Financial Instruments Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral Net Amount Offsetting of Financial Liabilities: Securities loaned $ 988,969 $ — $ 988,969 $ ( 956,846 ) $ ( 13,635 ) $ 18,488 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 446,078 — 446,078 ( 445,977 ) — 101 Payable to broker-dealers and clearing organizations Interest rate swaps — — — — — — Trading liabilities, at fair value: Currency forwards 872,912 ( 872,912 ) — — — — Options 15,729 — 15,729 — ( 13,545 ) 2,184 Total $ 2,323,688 $ ( 872,912 ) $ 1,450,776 $ ( 1,402,823 ) $ ( 27,180 ) $ 20,773 December 31, 2021 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands) Financial Instrument Collateral Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral Net Amount Offsetting of Financial Assets: Securities borrowed $ 1,349,322 $ — $ 1,349,322 $ ( 1,299,270 ) $ ( 5,054 ) $ 44,998 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 119,453 — 119,453 ( 119,453 ) — — Trading assets, at fair value: Currency forwards 206,258 ( 206,125 ) 133 — — 133 Options 8,543 — 8,543 — ( 5,208 ) 3,335 Total $ 1,683,576 $ ( 206,125 ) $ 1,477,451 $ ( 1,418,723 ) $ ( 10,262 ) $ 48,466 28 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands) Financial Instrument Collateral Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral Net Amount Offsetting of Financial Liabilities: Securities loaned $ 1,142,048 $ — $ 1,142,048 $ ( 1,107,688 ) $ ( 17,272 ) $ 17,088 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 514,325 — 514,325 ( 514,325 ) — — Interest rate swaps 21,037 — 21,037 — — 21,037 Trading liabilities, at fair value: Currency forwards 208,357 ( 208,356 ) 1 — — 1 Options 5,208 — 5,208 — ( 5,208 ) — Total $ 1,890,975 $ ( 208,356 ) $ 1,682,619 $ ( 1,622,013 ) $ ( 22,480 ) $ 38,126 The following table presents gross obligations for securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for securities lending transactions by remaining contractual maturity and the class of collateral pledged: September 30, 2022 Remaining Contractual Maturity (in thousands) Overnight and Continuous Less than 30 days 30 - 60 days 61 - 90 Days Greater than 90 days Total Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: Equity securities $ — $ 190,000 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 110,000 $ 400,000 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 46,078 — — — 46,078 Total $ 46,078 $ 190,000 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 110,000 $ 446,078 Securities loaned: Equity securities $ 988,969 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 988,969 Total $ 988,969 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 988,969 December 31, 2021 Remaining Contractual Maturity (in thousands) Overnight and Continuous Less than 30 days 30 - 60 days 61 - 90 Days Greater than 90 days Total Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: Equity securities $ — $ 140,000 $ 50,000 $ 210,000 $ — $ 400,000 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 114,325 — — — — 114,325 Total $ 114,325 $ 140,000 $ 50,000 $ 210,000 $ — $ 514,325 Securities loaned: Equity securities 1,142,048 — — — — 1,142,048 Total $ 1,142,048 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,142,048 29 10. Derivative Instruments The fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments on a gross basis consisted of the following at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: (in thousands) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Derivatives Assets Financial Statement Location Fair Value Notional Fair Value Notional Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments: Equities futures Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations $ 2,525 $ 905,770 $ 1,619 $ 406,420 Commodity futures Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations ( 63,242 ) 7,474,448 ( 24,405 ) 5,285,216 Currency futures Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations ( 2,047 ) 991,310 ( 8,205 ) 4,760,173 Fixed income futures Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations 36 103,604 147 8,489 Options Financial instruments owned 13,545 1,272,914 8,543 1,063,686 Currency forwards Financial instruments owned 934,577 38,653,621 206,258 21,445,374 Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swap Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations 88,346 1,525,000 — — Derivatives Liabilities Financial Statement Location Fair Value Notional Fair Value Notional Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments: Equities futures Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations $ 2,518 $ 732,476 $ 791 $ 1,362,684 Commodity futures Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations ( 184 ) 50,639 ( 49 ) 27,224 Currency futures Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations 15,224 2,844,071 1,671 725,162 Fixed income futures Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations ( 145 ) 13,575 ( 161 ) 120,212 Options Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased 15,729 1,292,118 5,208 1,066,801 Currency forwards Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased 872,912 38,622,789 208,357 21,446,422 Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swaps Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations — — 21,037 1,525,000 Amounts included in receivables from and payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations represent net variation margin on long and short futures contracts as well as amounts receivable or payable on interest rate swaps. The following table summarizes the net gain (loss) from derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, which are recorded in total revenues, and from those designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, which are initially recorded in other comprehensive income in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021. 30 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) Financial Statements Location 2022 2021 2022 2021 Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments: Futures Trading income, net $ 9,760 $ 84,875 $ 205,561 $ 213,569 Currency forwards Trading income, net 21,276 ( 49,599 ) ( 14,478 ) 12,756 Options Trading income, net 4,367 9,455 3,430 63,016 Interest rate swap on term loan Other, net ( 474 ) ( 474 ) ( 1,406 ) ( 1,397 ) $ 34,929 $ 44,257 $ 193,107 $ 287,944 Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swaps (1) Other comprehensive income $ 35,852 $ 4,112 $ 108,427 $ 21,453 $ 35,852 $ 4,112 $ 108,427 $ 21,453 (1) The Company entered into a five-year $ 1,000 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement in the first quarter of 2020 and a five-year $ 525 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement in the fourth quarter of 2019. These two interest rate swaps met the criteria to be considered qualifying cash flow hedges under ASC 815 in the first quarter of 2020, and as such, the mark-to-market gains (losses) on the instruments were deferred within Other comprehensive income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income beginning in the first quarter of 2020. 11. Variable Interest Entities A variable interest entity (“VIE”) is an entity that lacks one or more of the following characteristics: (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb the losses of the entity and the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The Company will be considered to have a controlling financial interest and will consolidate a VIE if it has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company has interests in two joint ventures (“JV”) that build and maintain microwave communication networks in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. The Company and its JV partners each pay monthly fees for the use of the microwave communication networks in connection with their respective trading activities, and the JVs may sell excess bandwidth that is not utilized by the JV members to third parties. As of September 30, 2022, the Company held noncontrolling interests of 11.1 % and 50.0 %, respectively, in these JVs. The Company has an interest in a JV that offers derivatives trading technology and execution services to broker-dealers, professional traders and select hedge funds. As of September 30, 2022, the Company held approximately a 9.8 % noncontrolling interest in this JV. The Company has an interest in a JV that operates a member-owned equities exchange with the goal of increasing competition and transparency, while reducing fixed costs and simplifying execution of equity trading in the U.S. As of September 30, 2022, the Company held approximately a 14.9 % noncontrolling interest in this JV. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company invested in a JV that was formed for the purpose of developing and operating a cryptocurrency trading platform with the goal of increasing competition and transparency, while improving trading performance and reducing operational risk. As of September 30, 2022, the Company held approximately a 10.0 % noncontrolling interest in this JV. The Company's five JVs noted above meet the criteria to be considered VIEs, which it does not consolidate. The Company records its interest in each JV under the equity method of accounting and records its investment in the JVs within Other assets and its amounts payable for communication services provided by the applicable JVs within Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Statements of Financial Condition. The Company records its pro-rata share of each JV's earnings or losses within Other, net and fees related to the use of communication services provided by the JVs within Communications and data processing on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company’s exposure to the obligations of these VIEs is generally limited to its interests in each respective JV, which is the carrying value of the equity investment in each JV. 31 The following table presents the Company’s nonconsolidated VIEs at September 30, 2022: Carrying Amount Maximum Exposure to Loss VIEs' assets (in thousands) Asset Liability Equity investment $ 44,304 $ — $ 44,304 $ 259,629 The following table presents the Company’s nonconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2021: Carrying Amount Maximum Exposure to Loss VIEs' assets (in thousands) Asset Liability Equity investment $ 38,319 $ — $ 38,319 $ 136,378 During the second quarter of 2022, the Company formed a JV to support the growth and expansion of a multi-asset request-for-quote communication platform. As of September 30, 2022, the Company held a 51 % controlling interest in this entity. Based on the standard for control set forth above, this JV meets the criteria to be considered a VIE, and the Company consolidates this entity and records the interest that the Company does not own as noncontrolling interest in the condensed consolidated financial statements. 12. Revenues from Contracts with Customers For more information on revenue recognition and the nature of services provided, see Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 14 "Revenues from Contracts with Customers" to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Disaggregation of Revenues The following tables present the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by service, by timing of revenue recognition, reconciled to the Company’s segments, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021: Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Market Making Execution Services Corporate Total Revenues from contracts with customers: Commissions, net $ 10,687 $ 78,506 $ — $ 89,193 Workflow technology — 21,968 — 21,968 Analytics — 9,825 — 9,825 Total revenue from contracts with customers 10,687 110,299 — 120,986 Other sources of revenue 437,199 9,300 ( 6,441 ) 440,058 Total revenues $ 447,886 $ 119,599 $ ( 6,441 ) $ 561,044 Timing of revenue recognition: Services transferred at a point in time $ 447,886 $ 101,621 $ ( 6,441 ) $ 543,066 Services transferred over time — 17,978 — 17,978 Total revenues $ 447,886 $ 119,599 $ ( 6,441 ) $ 561,044 32 Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands) Market Making Execution Services Corporate Total Revenues from contracts with customers: Commissions, net $ 8,894 $ 93,474 $ — $ 102,368 Workflow technology — 23,149 — 23,149 Analytics — 10,406 — 10,406 Total revenue from contracts with customers 8,894 127,029 — 135,923 Other sources of revenue 400,396 5,520 2,505 408,421 Total revenues $ 409,290 $ 132,549 $ 2,505 $ 544,344 Timing of revenue recognition: Services transferred at a point in time $ 409,290 $ 114,010 $ 2,505 $ 525,805 Services transferred over time — 18,539 — 18,539 Total revenues $ 409,290 $ 132,549 $ 2,505 $ 544,344 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Market Making Execution Services Corporate Total Revenues from contracts with customers: Commissions, net $ 30,881 $ 277,693 $ — $ 308,574 Workflow technology — 73,238 — 73,238 Analytics — 30,169 — 30,169 Total revenue from contracts with customers 30,881 381,100 — 411,981 Other sources of revenue 1,396,163 21,240 37,660 1,455,063 Total revenues $ 1,427,044 $ 402,340 $ 37,660 $ 1,867,044 Timing of revenue recognition: Services transferred at a point in time $ 1,427,044 $ 347,934 $ 37,660 $ 1,812,638 Services transferred over time — 54,406 — 54,406 Total revenues $ 1,427,044 $ 402,340 $ 37,660 $ 1,867,044 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands) Market Making Execution Services Corporate Total Revenues from contracts with customers: Commissions, net $ 32,111 $ 332,000 $ — $ 364,111 Workflow technology — 75,572 — 75,572 Analytics — 31,004 31,004 Total revenue from contracts with customers 32,111 438,576 — 470,687 Other sources of revenue 1,603,444 21,342 10,408 1,635,194 Total revenues $ 1,635,555 $ 459,918 $ 10,408 $ 2,105,881 Timing of revenue recognition: Services transferred at a point in time $ 1,635,555 $ 404,371 $ 10,408 $ 2,050,334 Services transferred over time — 55,547 — 55,547 Total revenues $ 1,635,555 $ 459,918 $ 10,408 $ 2,105,881 33 Remaining Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognized from Past Performance Obligations As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations relating to workflow technology and analytics revenues that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) was not material. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities The timing of the revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment from customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment, and when the Company has an unconditional right to payment. The Company records a contract liability when payment is received prior to the time at which the satisfaction of the service obligation occurs. Receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers amounted to $ 57.2 million and $ 51.5 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company did not identify any contract assets. There were no impairment losses on receivables as of September 30, 2022. Deferred revenue primarily relates to deferred commissions allocated to analytics products and subscription fees billed in advance of satisfying the performance obligations. Deferred revenue related to contracts with customers was $ 11.6 million and $ 9.2 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company recognized the full amount of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, that had been recorded as deferred revenue in the respective prior year. The Company has not identified any costs to obtain or fulfill its contracts under ASC 606. 13. Income Taxes The Company is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax at the rate applicable to corporations less the rate attributable to the noncontrolling interest in Virtu Financial. These noncontrolling interests are subject to U.S. taxation as partnerships. Accordingly, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the income attributable to these noncontrolling interests was reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, but the related U.S. income tax expense attributable to these noncontrolling interests was not reported by the Company as it is the obligation of the individual partners. The Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries are subject to foreign income taxes in the jurisdictions in which they operate. The Company’s provisions for income taxes and effective tax rates were $ 21.7 million, 21.4 %, and $ 22.0 million, 15.1 % for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $ 88.4 million, 17.1 % and $ 128.6 million, 16.7 % for the for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Income tax expense is also affected by the differing effective tax rates in foreign, state and local jurisdictions where certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to corporate taxation. Included in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are current income tax receivables of $ 63.3 million and $ 37.2 million, respectively. The balances at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 primarily comprised income tax benefits due to the Company from federal, state, local, and foreign tax jurisdictions based on income before taxes. Included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are current tax liabilities of $ 12.0 million and $ 16.8 million, respectively. The balances at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 primarily comprise income taxes owed to federal, state and local, and foreign tax jurisdictions based on income before taxes. Deferred income taxes arise primarily due to the amortization of the deferred tax assets recognized in connection with the IPO (see Note 4 "Tax Receivable Agreements"), the Acquisition of KCG and the ITG Acquisition, differences in the valuation of financial assets and liabilities, and other temporary differences arising from the deductibility of compensation, depreciation, and other expenses in different time periods for book and income tax return purposes. 34 There are no expiration dates on the deferred tax assets. The provisions of ASC 740 require that carrying amounts of deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards and therefore the Company did not record a deferred tax asset related to federal net operating loss carryforwards. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded deferred income taxes related to state and local net operating losses of $ 0.4 million. These net operating losses will begin to expire in 2039. The Company did not record a valuation allowance against this deferred tax asset. As a result of the ITG Acquisition, the Company had non-U.S. net operating losses at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 of $ 64.7 million and $ 67.2 million, respectively, and recorded a related deferred tax asset of $ 12.4 million and $ 13.4 million, respectively. A valuation allowance of $ 12.4 million and $ 13.3 million was recorded against this deferred tax asset at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively as it is more likely than not that a substantial portion of this deferred tax asset will not be realized. As a result of the Acquisition of KCG, the Company had non-U.S. net operating losses at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 of $ 239.3 million, and recorded a related deferred tax asset of $ 44.9 million in both years. A full valuation allowance was also recorded against this deferred tax asset at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 as it is more likely than not that this deferred tax asset will not be realized. No valuation allowance against the remaining deferred taxes was recorded as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 because it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be fully realized. The Company is subject to taxation in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign jurisdictions. As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s tax years for 2015 through 2020 and 2016 through 2020 were subject to examination by U.S. and non-U.S. tax authorities, respectively. As a result of the ITG Acquisition and the Acquisition of KCG, the Company assumed any ITG and KCG tax exposures. In addition, the Company is subject to state and local income tax examinations in various jurisdictions for the tax years 2013 through 2020. The final outcome of these examinations is not yet determinable. However, the Company anticipates that adjustments related to these examinations, if any, will not result in a material change to its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits is to record such items as a component of income or loss before income taxes and noncontrolling interest. Penalties, if any, are recorded in Operations and administrative expense and interest received or paid is recorded in Other, net or Operations and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, respectively. The Company had $ 6.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2022, all of which would affect the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized. The Company has determined that there are no uncertain tax positions that would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2022. 14. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees Legal Proceedings In the ordinary course of business, the nature of the Company’s business subjects it to claims, lawsuits, regulatory examinations or investigations and other proceedings. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to several of these matters at the present time. Given the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of litigation and regulatory matters, particularly in regulatory examinations or investigations or other proceedings in which substantial or indeterminate judgments, settlements, disgorgements, restitution, penalties, injunctions, damages or fines are sought, or where such matters are in the early stages, the Company cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses for such matters where there is only a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred. In addition, there are numerous factors that result in a greater degree of complexity in class-action lawsuits as compared to other types of litigation. There can be no assurance that these legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations in any future period, and a material judgment, fine or sanction could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. However, it is the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel that, based on information currently available, the ultimate outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse impact on the business, financial condition or operating results of the Company, although they might be material to the operating results for any particular reporting period. The Company carries directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage and other insurance coverage for potential claims, including securities actions, against the Company and its respective directors and officers. 35 On November 30, 2020, the Company was named as a defendant in In re United States Oil Fund, LP Securities Litigation , No. 20-cv-4740. The consolidated amended complaint was filed in federal district court in New York on behalf of a putative class, and asserts claims against the Company and numerous other financial institutions under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with trading in United States Oil Fund, LP, a crude oil ETF. The complaint also names the ETF, its sponsor, and related individuals as defendants. The complaint did not specify the amount of alleged damages. Defendants moved to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint on January 29, 2021 and plaintiffs subsequently filed their opposition to the motion on March 30, 2021. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and is defending itself vigorously. On August 31, 2021, the Company was named as a defendant in Alers v. Robinhood Financial, LLC et al No. 21-cv-61848. The complaint was filed in federal district court in Florida on behalf of a putative class, and asserts claims against the Company and numerous other financial institutions alleging a breach of fiduciary duty by Robinhood and aiding and abetting thereof by the Company and other market making firms. The complaint did not specify the amount of alleged damages. On December 31, 2021, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, after which, on July 1, 2022, Robinhood and the market-maker defendants’ motion to transfer the case to the Northern District of California was granted. The case was thereafter consolidated with the action In re Robinhood Order Flow Litigation , No. 20-cv-09328 (N.D. Cal.) (the “Consolidated Action”). The consolidation order provides that the operative complaint in the Consolidated Action supersedes the complaint in the Alers action and thus there is no pending action against the Company. On March 7, 2022, the Company was named as a defendant in Iron Workers Local No. 55 Pension Fund v. Virtu Financial, Inc. , No. 2022-0211-PAF pending in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The complaint, filed by a purported stockholder, seeks to compel the inspection of certain Company books and records pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. The complaint alleges that the stockholder seeks Company information to investigate (a) whether wrongdoing or mismanagement occurred in connection with distributions made to the partners of Virtu Financial pursuant to the Company’s Up-C corporate structure; (b) the independence and disinterestedness of the Company’s directors and/or officers and whether the directors breached their fiduciary duties; and (c) potential damages relating thereto. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and is defending itself vigorously. Other Legal and Regulatory Matters The Company owns subsidiaries including regulated entities that are subject to extensive oversight under federal, state and applicable international laws as well as self-regulatory organization (“SRO”) rules. Changes in market structure and the need to remain competitive require constant changes to the Company's systems, order routing and order handling procedures. The Company makes these changes while continuously endeavoring to comply with many complex laws and rules. Compliance, surveillance and trading issues common in the securities industry are monitored by, reported to, and/or reviewed in the ordinary course of business by the Company's regulators in the U.S. and abroad. As a major order flow execution destination, the Company is named from time to time in, or is asked to respond to a number of regulatory matters brought by U.S. regulators, foreign regulators, SROs, as well as actions brought by private plaintiffs, which arise from its business activities. There has recently been an increased focus by regulators on Anti-Money Laundering and sanctions compliance by broker-dealers and similar entities, as well as an enhanced interest on suspicious activity reporting and transactions involving microcap and low-priced securities. In addition, there has been increased regulatory, congressional and media scrutiny of U.S. equities market structure, the retail trading environment in the U.S., wholesale market making and the relationships between retail broker-dealers and market making firms including, but not limited to, payment for order flow arrangements, other remuneration arrangements such as profit-sharing relationships and exchange fee and rebate structures, alternative trading systems and off-exchange trading more generally, high frequency trading, short selling, market fragmentation, colocation, and access to market data feeds, which could result in changes in laws or rules which could adversely affect the Company’s business or the public perception of the Company or the Company’s industry. From time to time, the Company is the subject of requests for information and documents from the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"), state attorneys general, and other regulators and governmental authorities. It is the Company's practice to cooperate and comply with the requests for information and documents. The Company is currently the subject of various regulatory reviews and investigations by state, federal and foreign regulators and SROs, including the SEC and FINRA. In some instances, these matters may result in a disciplinary action and/or a civil or administrative action. Representations and Warranties; Indemnification Arrangements In the normal course of its operations, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties in addition to indemnification obligations, including indemnification obligations in connection with the Acquisition 36 of KCG and the ITG Acquisition. The Company's maximum exposure under these arrangements is currently unknown, as any such exposure could relate to claims not yet brought or events which have not yet occurred. For example, in November 2013, KCG sold Urban Financial of America, LLC (“Urban”), the reverse mortgage origination and securitization business previously owned by Knight Capital Group, Inc., to an investor group now known as Finance of America Reverse, LLC (“FAR”). Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement between KCG and FAR, Virtu has certain continuing obligations related to KCG's prior ownership of Urban. Consistent with standard business practices in the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties and general indemnifications. The Company has also provided general indemnifications to its managers, officers, directors, employees, and agents against expenses, legal fees, judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred by such persons under certain circumstances as more fully disclosed in its operating agreement. The overall maximum amount of the obligations (if any) cannot reasonably be estimated as it will depend on the facts and circumstances that give rise to any future claims. 15. Leases The Company primarily enters into lessee arrangements for corporate office space, data centers, and technology equipment. For more information on lease accounting, see Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 17 "Leases" to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Lease assets and liabilities are summarized as follows: (in thousands) Financial Statement Location September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Operating leases Operating lease right-of-use assets Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 199,942 $ 225,328 Operating lease liabilities Operating lease liabilities 248,701 278,745 Finance leases Property and equipment, at cost Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net 31,780 18,965 Accumulated depreciation Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net ( 20,069 ) ( 12,465 ) Finance lease liabilities Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities 11,850 6,612 Weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate are as follows: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Weighted average remaining lease term Operating leases 6.24 years 6.68 years Finance leases 1.98 years 1.62 years Weighted average discount rate Operating leases 5.40 % 5.47 % Finance leases 2.77 % 2.38 % 37 The components of lease expense are as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Operating lease cost: Fixed $ 18,183 $ 18,994 $ 54,677 $ 56,772 Variable 1,251 1,913 4,495 5,144 Impairment of ROU Asset — — — 1,198 Total Operating lease cost $ 19,434 $ 20,907 $ 59,172 $ 63,114 Sublease income 4,917 4,537 14,763 13,404 Finance lease cost: Amortization of ROU Asset $ 1,855 $ 1,460 $ 5,748 $ 5,024 Interest on lease liabilities 90 50 264 183 Total Finance lease cost $ 1,945 $ 1,510 $ 6,012 $ 5,207 Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases with non-cancelable lease terms, as of September 30, 2022, are as follows: (in thousands) Operating Leases Finance Leases 2022 $ 17,814 $ 2,034 2023 69,930 6,076 2024 43,195 4,465 2025 34,916 600 2026 31,960 — 2027 and thereafter 99,273 — Total lease payments $ 297,088 $ 13,175 Less imputed interest ( 48,387 ) ( 1,325 ) Total lease liability $ 248,701 $ 11,850 16. Cash The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents together with restricted or segregated cash as reported within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to the sum of the same such amounts shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. (in thousands) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 836,298 $ 1,071,463 Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other 54,149 49,490 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows $ 890,447 $ 1,120,953 17. Capital Structure The Company has four classes of authorized common stock. The Class A Common Stock and the Class C Common Stock have one vote per share. The Class B Common Stock and the Class D Common Stock have 10 votes per share. Shares of the Company’s common stock generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders. The Founder Member controls approximately 85.0 % of the combined voting power of our common stock as a result of its ownership of our Class A, Class C and Class D Common Stock. The Company holds approximately a 60.2 % interest in Virtu Financial at September 30, 2022. During the period prior to certain reorganization transactions and IPO, Class A-2 profits interests and Class B interests in Virtu Financial were issued to Employee Holdco (as defined below) on behalf of certain key employees and stakeholders. In 38 connection with these reorganization transactions, all Class A-2 profits interests and Class B interests were reclassified into Virtu Financial Units. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 4,462,840 and 4,791,839 Virtu Financial Units outstanding held by Employee Holdco (as defined below), respectively, and 328,999 and 463,874 of such Virtu Financial Units and corresponding Class C Common Stock were exchanged into Class A Common Stock, forfeited or repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 respectively. Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan The Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the 2015 Management Incentive Plan, which became effective upon consummation of the IPO, and was subsequently amended and restated following receipt of approval from the Company’s stockholders on June 30, 2017, June 5, 2020 and June 2, 2022. The Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock units, and other awards based on an aggregate of 26,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, subject to additional sublimits, including limits on the total option grant to any one participant in a single year and the total performance award to any one participant in a single year. On November 13, 2020, the Company amended its form award agreement for the issuance of RSUs to provide for the continued vesting of outstanding RSU awards upon the occurrence of a qualified retirement (the "RSU Amendment"). A qualified retirement generally means a voluntary resignation by the participant (i) after five years of service, (ii) the participant attaining the age of 50 and (iii) the sum of the participant's age and service at the time of termination equaling or exceeding 65. Continued vesting is subject to the participant entering into a 2 year non-compete. The RSU Amendment was authorized and approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. As a result of the RSU Amendment, currently issued and outstanding RSUs held by the Company's employees, including its executive officers, shall be deemed to be subject to the amended terms of the form award agreement, and any future RSU awards shall also be governed by such amended terms. Amended and Restated Investment Technology Group, Inc. 2007 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan On the ITG Closing Date, the Company assumed the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan and the Assumed Awards. As of the ITG Closing Date, the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock subject to such Assumed Awards was 2,497,028 and the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock that remained issuable pursuant to the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan was 1,230,406 . Share Repurchase Program On November 6, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $ 100.0 million in Class A common stock and Virtu Financial Units by December 31, 2021. On February 11, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the expansion of the program by an additional $ 70 million in Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units. On May 4, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the expansion of the Company's share repurchase program, increasing the total authorized amount by $ 300 million to $ 470 million in Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units and extending the duration of the program through May 4, 2022. Additionally, on November 3, 2021 the Company's Board of Directors authorized the expansion of the program by an additional $ 750 million to $ 1,220 million and extending the duration of the program through November 3, 2023. The share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase shares from time to time in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or by other means. Repurchases are also permitted to be made under Rule 10b5-1 plans. The timing and amount of repurchase transactions are determined by the Company's management based on its evaluation of market conditions, share price, cash sources, legal requirements and other factors. From the inception of the program through September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased approximately 30.3 million shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units for approximately $ 854.4 million. As of September 30, 2022, the Company has approximately $ 365.6 million remaining capacity for future purchases of shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units under the program. Employee Exchanges During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, pursuant to the exchange agreement by and among the Company, Virtu Financial and holders of Virtu Financial Units, certain current and former employees elected to exchange 92,930 , and 405,272 units, respectively in Virtu Financial held directly or on their behalf by Virtu Employee Holdco LLC (“Employee Holdco”) on a one -for-one basis for shares of Class A Common Stock. 39 Warrant Issuance On March 20, 2020, in connection with and in consideration of the Founder Member’s commitments under the Founder Member Loan Facility (as described in Note 8 "Borrowings"), the Company delivered to the Founder Member a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. Pursuant to the Warrant, the Founder Member was entitled to purchase up to 3,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock on or after May 22, 2020 up to and including January 15, 2022. If at any time during the term of the Founder Member Loan Facility, the Founder Member Loans equal to or greater than $ 100 million had remained outstanding for a certain period of time specified in the Warrant, the number of shares would have increased to 10,000,000 . The Founder Member Loan Facility Term expired on September 20, 2020 without the Company having borrowed any Founder Member Loans thereunder (as described in Note 8 "Borrowings"). The exercise price per share of the Class A Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Warrant was $ 22.98 , which in accordance with the terms of the Warrant, is equal to the average of the volume weighted average prices of the Class A Common Stock for the ten ( 10 ) trading days following May 7, 2020, the date on which the Company publicly announced its earnings results for the first quarter of 2020. On December 17, 2021, the Founder Member exercised in full the Warrant to purchase 3,000,000 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock. The Warrant and Class A Common Stock issued pursuant to the Warrant were offered, issued and sold, in reliance on the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), set forth under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act relating to sales by an issuer not involving any public offering. Upon issuance, the fair value of the Warrant was determined using a Black-Scholes-Merton model, and was recorded as a debt issuance cost within Other Assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and as an increase to Additional paid-in capital on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. The balance was amortized on a straight-line basis from March 20, 2020 through September 20, 2020, the date on which the Founder Member Loan Facility expired, and recorded as expense within Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income The following table presents the changes in Other Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021: Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands) AOCI Beginning Balance Amounts recorded in AOCI Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income AOCI Ending Balance Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses) (1) $ 27,486 $ 19,579 $ ( 1,066 ) $ 45,999 Foreign exchange translation adjustment ( 13,660 ) ( 11,161 ) — ( 24,821 ) Total $ 13,826 $ 8,418 $ ( 1,066 ) $ 21,178 (1) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income are included within Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. As of September 30, 2022, the Company expects approximately $ 4.0 million to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next 12 months. The timing of the reclassification is based on the interest payment schedule of the long-term borrowings. Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands) AOCI Beginning Balance Amounts recorded in AOCI Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income AOCI Ending Balance Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses) (1) $ ( 24,952 ) $ ( 1,612 ) $ 3,803 $ ( 22,761 ) Foreign exchange translation adjustment 5,835 ( 4,912 ) — 923 Total $ ( 19,117 ) $ ( 6,524 ) $ 3,803 $ ( 21,838 ) (1) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income are included within Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. 40 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands) AOCI Beginning Balance Amounts recorded in AOCI Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income AOCI Ending Balance Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses) (1) $ ( 10,481 ) $ 52,442 $ 4,038 $ 45,999 Foreign exchange translation adjustment 285 ( 25,106 ) — ( 24,821 ) Total $ ( 10,196 ) $ 27,336 $ 4,038 $ 21,178 (1) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income are included within Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. As of September 30, 2022, the Company expects approximately $ 4.0 million to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next 12 months. The timing of the reclassification is based on the interest payment schedule of the long-term borrowings. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands) AOCI Beginning Balance Amounts recorded in AOCI Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income AOCI Ending Balance Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses) (1) $ ( 33,444 ) $ ( 83 ) $ 10,766 $ ( 22,761 ) Foreign exchange translation adjustment 7,957 ( 7,034 ) — 923 Total $ ( 25,487 ) $ ( 7,117 ) $ 10,766 $ ( 21,838 ) (1) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income are included within Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. 18. Share-based Compensation Pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan as described in Note 17 "Capital Structure", and in connection with the IPO, non-qualified stock options to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock were granted, each of which vests in equal annual installments over a period of four years from grant date and expires not later than 10 years from the date of grant. The following table summarizes activity related to stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share At December 31, 2020 2,324,152 $ 19.00 4.24 2,324,152 $ 19.00 Granted — — — — — Exercised ( 446,997 ) 19.00 — ( 446,997 ) 19.00 Forfeited or expired — — — — — At September 30, 2021 1,877,155 $ 19.00 3.49 1,877,155 $ 19.00 At December 31, 2021 1,795,655 $ 19.00 3.24 1,795,655 $ 19.00 Granted — — — — — Exercised ( 268,879 ) 19.00 — ( 268,879 ) 19.00 Forfeited or expired ( 5,000 ) — — ( 5,000 ) — At September 30, 2022 1,521,776 $ 19.00 2.49 1,521,776 $ 19.00 The expected life was determined based on an average of vesting and contractual period. The risk-free interest rate was determined based on the yields available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues. The expected stock price volatility was determined based on historical volatilities of comparable companies. The expected dividend yield was determined based on estimated future dividend payments divided by the IPO stock price. 41 Amended and Restated Investment Technology Group, Inc. 2007 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan On the ITG Closing Date, the Company assumed the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan and the Assumed Awards. The Assumed Awards are subject to the same terms and conditions that were applicable to them under the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan, except that (i) the Assumed Awards relate to shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, (ii) the number of shares of Class A Common Stock subject to the Assumed Awards was the result of an adjustment based upon an Exchange Ratio (as defined in the ITG Merger Agreement) and (iii) the performance share unit awards were converted into service-based vesting restricted stock unit awards that were no longer subject to any performance based vesting conditions. As of the ITG Closing Date, the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock subject to such Assumed Awards was 2,497,028 and the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock that remained issuable pursuant to the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan was 1,230,406 . The Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-8 on the ITG Closing Date to register such shares of Class A Common Stock. Class A Common Stock, Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards Pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan as described in Note 17 "Capital Structure", subsequent to the IPO, shares of immediately vested Class A Common Stock, RSUs and RSAs were granted, with RSUs and RSAs vesting over a period of up to 4 years. The fair value of the Class A Common Stock and RSUs was determined based on a volume weighted average price and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The fair value of the RSAs was determined based on the closing price as of the date of grant and the expense is recognized from the date that achievement of the performance target becomes probable through the remainder of the vesting period. Performance targets are based on the Company's adjusted EBITDA for certain future periods. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively, there were 580,710 , and 633,938 shares of immediately vested Class A Common Stock granted as part of year-end compensation. In addition, the Company accrued compensation expense of $ 8.9 million and $ 6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and accrued compensation expense by $ 24.4 million, and $ 17.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively, related to immediately vested Class A Common Stock expected to be awarded as part of year-end incentive compensation, which was included in Employee compensation and payroll taxes on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following table summarizes activity related to RSUs (including the Assumed Awards) and RSAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021: Number of RSUs and RSAs Weighted Average Fair Value At December 31, 2020 3,393,084 $ 21.35 Granted 2,442,953 27.06 Forfeited ( 191,296 ) 22.97 Vested ( 2,032,477 ) 23.27 At September 30, 2021 3,612,264 $ 24.05 At December 31, 2021 3,224,447 $ 24.30 Granted (1) 3,027,148 29.88 Forfeited ( 363,744 ) 25.60 Vested ( 1,800,922 ) 25.14 At September 30, 2022 4,086,929 $ 27.94 (1) Excluded in the number of RSUs and RSAs are 75,000 participating RSAs where the grant date has not been achieved because the performance conditions have not been met. The Company recognized $ 9.2 million and $ 6.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and $ 27.3 million, and $ 20.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively, of compensation expense in relation to RSUs. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was $ 67.8 million and $ 41.9 million, respectively, and this amount is to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.0 year and 0.9 years, respectively. Awards in which the specific performance conditions have not been met are not included in unrecognized share-based compensation expense. On November 13, 2020, the Company adopted the Virtu Financial, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the "DCP"). The DCP permits eligible executive officers and other employees to defer cash or equity-based compensation beginning in the calendar year ending December 31, 2021, subject to certain limitations and restrictions. Deferrals of cash compensation may 42 also be directed to notional investments in certain of the employee investment opportunities. The Company recognized $ 8.7 million as compensation cost under the DCP as of September 30, 2022. 19. Regulatory Requirement U.S. Subsidiary The Company's U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary, VAL, is subject to the SEC Uniform Net Capital Rule 15c3-1, which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital as detailed in the table below. Pursuant to New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") rules, VAL was also required to maintain $ 1.0 million of capital in connection with the operation of its designated market maker (“DMM”) business as of September 30, 2022. The required amount is determined under the exchange rules as the greater of (i) $ 1 million or (ii) $ 75,000 for every 0.1 % of NYSE transaction dollar volume in each of the securities for which the Company is registered as the DMM. VAL's regulatory capital and regulatory capital requirements as of September 30, 2022 was as follows: (in thousands) Regulatory Capital Regulatory Capital Requirement Excess Regulatory Capital Virtu Americas LLC $ 482,113 $ 3,553 $ 478,560 As of September 30, 2022, VAL had $ 47.7 million of cash in special reserve bank accounts for the benefit of customers pursuant to SEC Rule 15c3-3, Computation for Determination of Reserve Requirements, and $ 5.8 million of cash in reserve bank accounts for the benefit of proprietary accounts of brokers. The balances are included within Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. VAL's regulatory capital and regulatory capital requirements as of December 31, 2021 was as follows: (in thousands) Regulatory Capital Regulatory Capital Requirement Excess Regulatory Capital Virtu Americas LLC $ 536,647 $ 1,194 $ 535,453 As of December 31, 2021, VAL had $ 43.0 million of cash in special reserve bank accounts for the benefit of customers pursuant to SEC Rule 15c3-3, Computation for Determination of Reserve Requirements, and $ 5.8 million of cash in reserve bank accounts for the benefit of proprietary accounts of brokers. Foreign Subsidiaries The Company’s foreign subsidiaries are subject to regulatory capital requirements set by local regulatory bodies, including the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (“IIROC”), the Central Bank of Ireland ("CBI"), the Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") in the United Kingdom, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission ("ASIC"), the Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong ("SFC"), and the Monetary Authority of Singapore ("MAS"). 43 The regulatory net capital balances and regulatory capital requirements applicable to the Company's foreign subsidiaries as of September 30, 2022 were as follows: (in thousands) Regulatory Capital Regulatory Capital Requirement Excess Regulatory Capital Canada Virtu ITG Canada Corp $ 11,213 $ 181 $ 11,032 Virtu Financial Canada ULC 183 181 2 Ireland Virtu ITG Europe Limited (1) 74,517 26,971 47,546 Virtu Financial Ireland Limited (1) 82,192 31,215 50,977 United Kingdom Virtu ITG UK Limited (1) 1,299 838 461 Asia Pacific Virtu ITG Australia Limited 30,248 11,404 18,844 Virtu ITG Hong Kong Limited 3,357 430 2,927 Virtu ITG Singapore Pte Limited 934 70 864 Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd. 87,047 40,531 46,516 (1) Preliminary As of September 30, 2022, Virtu ITG Europe Limited and Virtu ITG Canada Corp had $ 0.1 million and $ 0.4 million, respectively, of segregated funds on deposit for trade clearing and settlement activity, and Virtu ITG Hong Kong Ltd. had $ 30 thousand of segregated balances under a collateral account control agreement for the benefit of certain customers. The regulatory net capital balances and regulatory capital requirements applicable to the Company's foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2021 were as follows: (in thousands) Regulatory Capital Regulatory Capital Requirement Excess Regulatory Capital Canada Virtu ITG Canada Corp $ 15,482 $ 198 $ 15,284 Virtu Financial Canada ULC 200 198 2 Ireland Virtu ITG Europe Limited 79,087 39,331 39,756 Virtu Financial Ireland Limited 107,293 47,872 59,421 United Kingdom Virtu ITG UK Limited 1,142 830 312 Asia Pacific Virtu ITG Australia Limited 32,186 7,164 25,022 Virtu ITG Hong Kong Limited 4,514 529 3,985 Virtu ITG Singapore Pte Limited 897 74 823 As of December 31, 2021, Virtu ITG Europe Limited and Virtu ITG Canada Corp had $ 0.1 million and $ 0.4 million, respectively, of funds on deposit for trade clearing and settlement activity, and Virtu ITG Hong Kong Ltd had $ 30 thousand of segregated balances under a collateral account control agreement for the benefit of certain customers. 20. Geographic Information and Business Segments The Company operates its business in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in Europe, Asia and Canada. Significant transactions and balances between geographic regions occur primarily as a result of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries incurring operating expenses such as employee compensation, communications and data processing and other overhead costs, for the purpose of providing execution, clearing and other support services to affiliates. Charges for transactions between regions are designed to approximate full costs. Intra-region income and expenses and related balances have been eliminated in the geographic information presented below to accurately reflect the external business conducted in each geographical region. The revenues are attributed to countries based on the locations of the subsidiaries. The following table presents total revenues by geographic area for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021 : 44 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Revenues: United States $ 469,023 $ 433,013 $ 1,504,216 $ 1,678,650 Ireland 43,711 55,137 179,741 242,614 Singapore 28,901 30,696 106,221 102,965 Canada 12,551 13,955 51,262 43,924 Australia 6,324 9,982 22,592 31,868 Others 534 1,561 3,012 5,860 Total revenues $ 561,044 $ 544,344 $ 1,867,044 $ 2,105,881 The Company has two operating segments: (i) Market Making and (ii) Execution Services; and one non-operating segment: Corporate. The Market Making segment principally consists of market making in the cash, futures and options markets across global equities, fixed income, currencies and commodities. As a market maker, the Company commits capital on a principal basis by offering to buy securities from, or sell securities to, broker-dealers, banks and institutions. The Company engages in principal trading in the Market Making segment direct to clients as well as in a supplemental capacity on exchanges, Electronic Communications Networks ("ECNs") and alternative trading systems ("ATSs"). The Company is an active participant on all major global equity and futures exchanges and also trades on substantially all domestic electronic options exchanges. As a complement to electronic market making, the cash trading business handles specialized orders and also transacts on the OTC Link ATS operated by OTC Markets Group Inc. The Execution Services segment comprises client-based trading and trading venues, offering execution services in global equities, options, futures and fixed income on behalf of institutions, banks and broker-dealers. The Company earns commissions and commission equivalents as an agent on behalf of clients as well as between principals to transactions; in addition, the Company will commit capital on behalf of clients as needed. Client-based, execution-only trading in the segment is done primarily through a variety of access points including: (i) algorithmic trading and order routing in global equities and options; (ii) institutional sales traders who offer portfolio trading and single stock sales trading which provides execution expertise for program, block and riskless principal trades in global equities and ETFs; and (iii) matching of client conditional orders in POSIT Alert and client orders in the Company's ATSs, including Virtu MatchIt, and POSIT. The Execution Services segment also includes revenues derived from providing (a) proprietary risk management and trading infrastructure technology to select third parties for a service fee, (b) workflow technology, the Company’s integrated, broker-neutral trading tools delivered across the globe including trade order and execution management and order management software applications and network connectivity and (c) trading analytics, including (1) tools enabling portfolio managers and traders to improve pre-trade, real-time and post-trade execution performance, (2) portfolio construction and optimization decisions and (3) securities valuation. The segment also includes the results of the Company's capital markets business, in which the Company acts as an agent for issuers in connection with at-the-market offerings and buyback programs. The Corporate segment contains the Company's investments, principally in strategic trading-related opportunities and maintains corporate overhead expenses and all other income and expenses that are not attributable to the Company's other segments. Management evaluates the performance of its segments on a pre-tax basis. Segment assets and liabilities are not used for evaluating segment performance or in deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The Company’s total revenues and income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest (“Pre-tax earnings”) by segment for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and are summarized in the following table: (in thousands) Market Making Execution Services Corporate Consolidated Total 2022: Total revenue $ 447,886 $ 119,599 $ ( 6,441 ) $ 561,044 Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest 99,276 8,993 ( 6,663 ) 101,606 2021: Total revenue 409,290 132,549 2,505 544,344 Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest 135,875 7,532 1,692 145,099 45 The Company's Pre-tax earnings by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021 are summarized in the following table: (in thousands) Market Making Execution Services Corporate Consolidated Total 2022 Total revenue $ 1,427,044 $ 402,340 $ 37,660 $ 1,867,044 Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest 448,943 32,005 36,155 517,103 2021 Total revenue 1,635,555 459,918 10,408 2,105,881 Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest 713,723 51,941 4,223 769,887 21. Related Party Transactions The Company incurs expenses and maintains balances with its affiliates in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021 the Company had net receivables from its affiliates of $ 0.6 million and $ 2.2 million, respectively. The Company has held a minority interest in JNX since 2016 (see Note 9 "Financial Assets and Liabilities"). The Company pays exchange fees to JNX for the trading activities conducted on its proprietary trading system. The Company paid $ 3.2 million and $ 2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, $ 10.7 million and $ 9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, to JNX for these trading activities. The Company pays monthly use fees to two JVs in which it holds interests (see Note 11 "Variable Interest Entities"). These monthly fees are for the use of microwave communication networks operated by each of these JVs and are recorded within Communications and data processing on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company made payments to these JVs of $ 10.5 million and $ 10.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $ 21.4 million and $ 19.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company purchases network connections services from affiliates of Level 3 Communications (“Level 3”). Temasek and its affiliates have a significant ownership interest in Level 3. The Company made payments to Level 3 for these services of $ 0.3 million and $ 0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $ 0.8 million and $ 1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company has an interest in Members Exchange, a member-owned equities exchange. The Company pays regulatory and transaction fees and receives rebates from trading activities. The Company received rebates of $ 2.3 million and made payments of $ 1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and received rebates of $ 15.1 million and $ 1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company formed a JV to support the growth and expansion of a multi-asset request-for-quote communication platform. The Company consolidates this JV, and recorded noncontrolling interest of $ 39.2 million in the condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity as of September 30, 2022. Refer to Note 11 "Variable Interest Entities" for further details. 22. Subsequent Events The Company has evaluated subsequent events for adjustment to or disclosure in its condensed consolidated financial statements through the date of this report, and has not identified any recordable or disclosable events, not otherwise reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto, except for the following: On November 3, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $ 0.24 per share of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock and per participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Award that will be paid on December 15, 2022 to holders of record as of December 1, 2022. 46