Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily relate to interest rate and market price sensitivities.
Interest Rate Risk
We had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents of $261.3 million as of December 31, 2023, which primarily consisted of money market funds. We also had short-term and long-term investments of $1.38 billion as of December 31, 2023. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve capital to fund our operations. We also seek to maximize income from our investments without assuming significant risk. Because our investments are primarily short-term in duration and our holdings in U.S. government treasury bonds mature prior to our expected need for liquidity, we believe that our exposure to interest rate risk is not material, and one percent movement in market interest rates would not have a material impact on the total value of our portfolio. We had no debt outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
Foreign Currency
The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars using historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates throughout the respective periods. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are exposed to foreign currency risk primarily related to the operations of our Swiss and Australian subsidiaries and our collaboration with GSK and consequently the Swiss Franc, Australian dollar and British pound. Transaction gains and losses are included in other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statements of operations and were not material for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Equity Investment Risk
We hold ordinary shares of Brii Bio Parent, which we acquired in connection with our collaboration, option and license agreement. These equity securities are measured at fair value with any changes in fair value recognized in our consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of these equity securities was approximately $9.9 million as of December 31, 2023. Changes in the fair value of these equity securities are impacted by the volatility of the stock market and changes in general economic conditions, among other factors. A hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in the stock prices of these equity securities would increase or decrease their fair value as of December 31, 2023 by approximately $1.0 million.
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