UPWORK, INC 10-Q

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate and foreign currency exchange rates. Interest Rate Risk Borrowings under the Notes have a fixed interest rate. As of each of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $361.0 million aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under the Notes. Additionally, we are exposed to interest rate risk relating to our investment portfolio. The primary objective of our investment activities from our operating investments is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. We do not make investments for trading or speculative purposes. Our portfolio’s fair value is relatively insensitive to interest rate changes. 33 We also earn interest on funds held on behalf of customers that we hold on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as funds held in escrow, including funds in transit. Because these balances are highly liquid, their fair value is relatively insensitive to interest rate changes. We do not believe that a hypothetical increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would have a material impact on our operating results or financial condition. Foreign Currency Risk Our operating results and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. In addition to the U.S. dollar, we offer clients the option to settle invoices denominated in the U.S. dollar in the following currencies: Euro, British Pound, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Singapore dollar, South African rand, New Zealand dollar, Polish zloty, Swiss franc, Norwegian krone, Danish krone, Swedish krona, Turkish lira, Japanese yen, and Hong Kong dollar. When clients make payments in one of these currencies, we are exposed to foreign currency risk during the period between when payment is made and when the payment amounts settle. To mitigate this risk, we may enter into forward contracts or secure foreign currency exchange rates for certain durations with financial institutions. As such, the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations to our operating results have been immaterial to date.