UNITED BANKSHARES INC/WV 10-Q

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) The June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, consolidated balance sheets of United Bankshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“United” or the “Company”), consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statement of changes in shareholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the related condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the notes to consolidated financial statements appear on the following pages. 3 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS UNITED BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES (Dollars in thousands, except par value) June 30 December 31 2025 2024 (Unaudited) (Note 1) Assets Cash and due from banks $ 326,892 $ 240,655 Interest-bearing deposits with other banks 1,986,492 2,050,321 Federal funds sold 1,308 1,268 Total cash and cash equivalents 2,314,692 2,292,244 Securities available for sale at estimated fair value (amortized cost-$ 3,334,324 at June 30, 2025 and $ 3,282,690 at December 31, 2024, allowance for credit losses of $ 0 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024) 3,074,071 2,959,719 Securities held to maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 18 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (estimated fair value-$ 1,020 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024) 1,002 1,002 Equity securities at estimated fair value 21,996 21,058 Other investment securities 299,584 277,517 Loans held for sale measured using fair value option 37,053 44,360 Loans and leases 24,060,866 21,680,498 Less: Unearned income ( 10,644 ) ( 7,005 ) Loans and leases, net of unearned income 24,050,222 21,673,493 Less: Allowance for loan and lease losses ( 307,962 ) ( 271,844 ) Net loans and leases 23,742,260 21,401,649 Bank premises and equipment 208,798 186,131 Operating lease right-of-use assets 91,071 81,742 Goodwill 2,018,910 1,888,889 Bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) 541,216 497,181 Accrued interest receivable 107,487 102,412 Other assets 325,223 269,641 TOTAL ASSETS $ 32,783,363 $ 30,023,545 Liabilities Deposits: Noninterest-bearing $ 6,627,265 $ 6,135,413 Interest-bearing 19,708,609 17,826,446 Total deposits 26,335,874 23,961,859 Borrowings: Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 160,798 176,090 Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) borrowings 250,000 260,199 Other long-term borrowings 301,021 280,221 Reserve for lending-related commitments 35,819 34,911 Operating lease liabilities 96,899 86,771 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 238,411 230,271 TOTAL LIABILITIES 27,418,822 25,030,322 Shareholders’ Equity Preferred stock, $ 1.00 par value; Authorized- 50,000,000 shares, no ne issued 0 0 Common stock, $ 2.50 par value; Authorized- 200,000,000 shares; issued- 150,830,781 and 142,694,816 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, including 8,921,329 and 7,348,188 shares in treasury at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively 377,077 356,737 Surplus 3,461,258 3,196,154 Retained earnings 2,016,671 1,917,726 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 183,728 ) ( 223,903 ) Treasury stock, at cost ( 306,737 ) ( 253,491 ) TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 5,364,541 4,993,223 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 32,783,363 $ 30,023,545 See notes to consolidated unaudited financial statements. 4 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited) UNITED BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30 June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Interest income Interest and fees on loans $ 370,644 $ 326,253 $ 722,480 $ 647,244 Interest on federal funds sold and other short-term investments 22,633 12,787 46,359 25,090 Interest and dividends on securities: Taxable 26,706 33,968 53,617 68,690 Tax-exempt 1,213 1,176 2,387 2,340 Total interest income 421,196 374,184 824,843 743,364 Interest expense Interest on deposits 139,156 132,425 275,444 260,802 Interest on short-term borrowings 1,488 2,206 2,938 4,288 Interest on long-term borrowings 6,015 13,838 11,869 30,070 Total interest expense 146,659 148,469 290,251 295,160 Net interest income 274,537 225,715 534,592 448,204 Provision for credit losses 5,889 5,779 34,992 11,519 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 268,648 219,936 499,600 436,685 Other income Fees from trust services 4,931 4,744 9,713 9,390 Fees from brokerage services 4,862 4,959 10,507 10,226 Fees from deposit services 9,664 9,326 18,971 18,297 Bankcard fees and merchant discounts 2,102 1,355 3,853 3,228 Other service charges, commissions, and fees 1,154 869 2,235 1,727 Income from bank-owned life insurance 3,618 2,549 6,988 4,967 Income from mortgage banking activities 2,603 3,901 5,082 9,199 Mortgage loan servicing income 0 783 0 1,572 Net investment securities gains (losses) 425 ( 218 ) 946 ( 317 ) Other income 2,101 1,955 2,719 4,146 Total other income 31,460 30,223 61,014 62,435 Other expense Employee compensation 62,929 58,501 123,795 117,794 Employee benefits 13,434 12,147 26,725 26,818 Net occupancy expense 12,525 11,400 25,126 23,743 Other real estate owned (“OREO”) expense 236 268 258 427 Net losses (gains) on the sales of OREO properties 16 32 5 ( 51 ) Equipment expense 8,551 7,548 17,133 14,401 Data processing expense 7,952 7,290 16,407 14,753 Mortgage loan servicing expense and impairment 0 1,011 0 2,026 Bankcard processing expense 588 602 1,188 1,218 FDIC insurance expense 4,532 5,058 9,260 11,513 Other expense 37,257 30,917 81,696 62,874 Total other expense 148,020 134,774 301,593 275,516 Income before income taxes 152,088 115,385 259,021 223,604 Income taxes 31,367 18,878 53,994 40,283 Net income $ 120,721 $ 96,507 $ 205,027 $ 183,321 5 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited) - continued UNITED BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30 June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Earnings per common share: Basic $ 0.85 $ 0.71 $ 1.44 $ 1.36 Diluted $ 0.85 $ 0.71 $ 1.44 $ 1.35 Average outstanding shares: Basic 142,206,539 135,137,901 142,175,506 134,881,314 Diluted 142,444,497 135,314,785 142,465,543 135,103,288 See notes to consolidated unaudited financial statements 6 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) UNITED BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30 June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net income $ 120,721 $ 96,507 $ 205,027 $ 183,321 Other comprehensive income (loss) on available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, net of tax 14,561 2,166 47,728 ( 226 ) Other comprehensive loss on cash flow hedge, net of tax ( 3,281 ) ( 2,827 ) ( 7,553 ) ( 2,170 ) Other comprehensive income on defined benefit pension plan, net of tax 0 424 0 848 Comprehensive income, net of tax $ 132,001 $ 96,270 $ 245,202 $ 181,773 See notes to consolidated unaudited financial statements 7 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY UNITED BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Common Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Treasury Stock Total Shareholders’ Equity Shares Par Value Surplus Retained Earnings Balance at January 1, 2025 142,694,816 $ 356,737 $ 3,196,154 $ 1,917,726 $ ( 223,903 ) $ ( 253,491 ) $ 4,993,223 Comprehensive income: Net income 0 0 0 84,306 0 0 84,306 Other comprehensive income, net of tax 0 0 0 0 28,895 0 28,895 Total comprehensive income, net of tax 113,201 Acquisition of Piedmont Bancorp, Inc. ( 7,860,831 shares) 7,860,831 19,652 261,294 0 0 0 280,946 Stock based compensation expense 0 0 2,875 0 0 0 2,875 Stock grant forfeiture ( 8,543 shares) 0 0 313 0 0 ( 313 ) 0 Purchase of treasury stock ( 582,324 shares) 0 0 0 0 0 ( 20,348 ) ( 20,348 ) Cash dividends ($ 0.37 per share) 0 0 0 ( 53,336 ) 0 0 ( 53,336 ) Net issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans ( 274,556 shares) 274,556 687 ( 2,799 ) 0 0 0 ( 2,112 ) Balance at March 31, 2025 150,830,203 377,076 3,457,837 1,948,696 ( 195,008 ) ( 274,152 ) 5,314,449 Comprehensive income: Net income 0 0 0 120,721 0 0 120,721 Other comprehensive income, net of tax 0 0 0 0 11,280 0 11,280 Total comprehensive income, net of tax 132,001 Stock based compensation expense 0 0 3,384 0 0 0 3,384 Stock grant forfeiture ( 846 shares) 0 0 30 0 0 ( 30 ) 0 Purchase of treasury stock ( 981,428 shares) 0 0 0 0 0 ( 32,555 ) ( 32,555 ) Cash dividends ($ 0.37 per share) 0 0 0 ( 52,746 ) 0 0 ( 52,746 ) Net issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans ( 578 shares) 578 1 7 0 0 0 8 Balance at June 30, 2025 150,830,781 $ 377,077 $ 3,461,258 $ 2,016,671 $ ( 183,728 ) $ ( 306,737 ) $ 5,364,541 See notes to consolidated unaudited financial statements. 8 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY UNITED BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Common Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Treasury Stock Total Shareholders’ Equity Shares Par Value Surplus Retained Earnings Balance at January 1, 2024 142,257,646 $ 355,644 $ 3,181,764 $ 1,745,619 $ ( 259,681 ) $ ( 252,106 ) $ 4,771,240 Comprehensive income: Net income 0 0 0 86,814 0 0 86,814 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax 0 0 0 0 ( 1,311 ) 0 ( 1,311 ) Total comprehensive income, net of tax 85,503 Stock based compensation expense 0 0 3,266 0 0 0 3,266 Stock grant forfeiture ( 5,215 shares) 0 0 190 0 0 ( 190 ) 0 Purchase of treasury stock ( 29,896 shares) 0 0 0 0 0 ( 1,030 ) ( 1,030 ) Cash dividends ($ 0.37 per share) 0 0 0 ( 50,213 ) 0 0 ( 50,213 ) Net issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans ( 278,723 shares) 278,723 697 ( 2,022 ) 0 0 0 ( 1,325 ) Balance at March 31, 2024 142,536,369 356,341 3,183,198 1,782,220 ( 260,992 ) ( 253,326 ) 4,807,441 Comprehensive income: Net income 0 0 0 96,507 0 0 96,507 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax 0 0 0 0 ( 237 ) 0 ( 237 ) Total comprehensive income, net of tax 96,270 Stock based compensation expense 0 0 3,004 0 0 0 3,004 Stock grant forfeiture ( 2,053 shares) 0 0 76 0 0 ( 76 ) 0 Purchase of treasury stock ( 65 shares) 0 0 0 0 0 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) Cash dividends ($ 0.37 per share) 0 0 0 ( 50,204 ) 0 0 ( 50,204 ) Net issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans ( 5,147 shares) 5,147 13 110 0 0 0 123 Balance at June 30, 2024 142,541,516 $ 356,354 $ 3,186,388 $ 1,828,523 $ ( 261,229 ) $ ( 253,403 ) $ 4,856,633 See notes to consolidated unaudited financial statements. 9 Table of Contents CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) UNITED BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES (Dollars in thousands) Six Months Ended June 30 2025 2024 NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES $ 209,346 $ 185,556 INVESTING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale 192 96,093 Proceeds from maturities and calls of securities available for sale 917,870 1,115,672 Purchases of securities available for sale ( 873,974 ) ( 748,891 ) Proceeds from sales of equity securities 528 5,229 Purchases of equity securities ( 520 ) ( 633 ) Proceeds from sales and redemptions of other investment securities 2,461 109,901 Purchases of other investment securities ( 27,933 ) ( 111,807 ) Purchases of bank premises and equipment ( 8,061 ) ( 7,745 ) Proceeds from sales of bank premises and equipment 362 94 Proceeds from redemption of bank-owned life insurance policies 3,365 0 Acquisition of Piedmont Bancorp, Inc., net of cash paid 77,476 0 Proceeds from the sales of OREO properties 167 377 Net change in loans and leases ( 365,752 ) ( 238,181 ) NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES ( 273,819 ) 220,109 FINANCING ACTIVITIES Cash dividends paid ( 103,804 ) ( 100,324 ) Acquisition of treasury stock ( 52,903 ) ( 1,031 ) Proceeds from exercise of stock options 327 825 Repayment of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings ( 10,000 ) ( 1,500,000 ) Proceeds from issuance of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings 0 1,200,000 Changes in: Deposits 268,593 247,359 Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings ( 15,292 ) 7,424 NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES 86,921 ( 145,747 ) Increase in cash and cash equivalents 22,448 259,918 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 2,292,244 1,598,943 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 2,314,692 $ 1,858,861 Supplemental information Noncash investing activities: Transfers of loans to OREO $ 6,248 $ 119 Right-of-use assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities 12,650 4,907 Acquisition of Piedmont Bancorp, Inc.: Assets acquired, net of cash 2,225,883 0 Liabilities assumed 2,152,434 0 Goodwill 130,021 0 Issuance of common stock as consideration for acquisition 280,946 0 See notes to consolidated unaudited financial statements . 10 Table of Contents NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) UNITED BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements of United Bankshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“United” or “the Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles for interim financial information generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the financial statements do not contain all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The financial statements presented as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 and for the three-month and six-month periods then ended have not been audited. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 has been extracted from the audited financial statements included in United’s 2024 Annual Report to Shareholders. The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in United’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which includes descriptions of significant accounting policies, should be read in conjunction with these interim financial statements. In the opinion of management, any adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and results of operations for the interim periods have been made. Such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. The accompanying consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of United and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. Information is presented in these notes to the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements with dollars expressed in thousands, except per share or unless otherwise noted. Operating and Reporting Segments As of June 30, 2025, United’s business activities are confined to one operating segment, United Bank, and one reportable segment, community banking. As a community banking entity, United, through United Bank, offers a full range of products and services through various delivery channels. Included among the banking products and services offered are the acceptance of deposits in checking, savings, time and money market accounts; the making and servicing of personal, credit card, commercial, and floor plan loans; and the making of construction and real estate loans as well as the origination and sale of residential mortgages in the secondary market. Also offered are trust and brokerage services, safe deposit boxes, and wire transfers. United’s chief operating decision maker regularly reviews the operating results of United Bank in order to assess performance and make decisions about resource allocation. New Accounting Standards In May 2025, The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has released Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-03, “Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity.” ASU 2025-03 is based on an EITF Issue and revises the guidance in ASC 805 to clarify that, in determining the accounting acquirer in “a business combination that is effected primarily by exchanging equity interests in which a VIE is acquired,” an entity would be required to consider the factors in ASC 805-10-55-12 through 55-15. Previously, the accounting acquirer in such transactions was always the primary beneficiary. ASU 2025-03 is effective for all business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026. The adoption of ASU 2025-03 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40).” ASU 2025-01 revised the effective date of ASU 2024-03 to clarify that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Entities within the ASU’s scope are permitted to early adopt. The adoption of ASU 2025-01 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations but could change certain disclosures in United’s SEC filings. 11 Table of Contents In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2024-04, “Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments.” ASU 2024-04 provides additional guidance on whether induced conversion or extinguishment accounting should be applied to certain settlements of convertible debt instruments that do not occur in accordance with the instruments’ preexisting terms. ASU 2024-04 requires entities to apply a preexisting contract approach. To qualify for induced conversion accounting under this approach, the inducement offer is required to preserve the form of consideration and result in an amount of consideration that is not less than that issuable pursuant to the preexisting conversion privileges. ASU 2024-04 clarifies how entities should assess the form and amount of consideration when applying this approach. ASU 2024-04 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted, and can be adopted either on a prospective or retrospective basis. However, the effective date was updated by ASU 2025-01. The adoption of ASU 2024-04 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2024-03, “Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” ASU 2024-03 requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. ASU 2024-03 adds ASC 220-40 to require a footnote disclosure about specific expenses by requiring public business entities to disaggregate, in a tabular presentation, each relevant expense caption on the face of the income statement that includes any of the following natural expenses: purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities or other types of depletion expenses. Certain other expenses and gains or losses that must be disclosed under existing U.S. GAAP, and that are recorded in a relevant expense caption, must be presented in the same tabular disclosure. ASU 2024-03 does not change or remove existing expense disclosure requirements; however, it may affect where that information appears in the footnote to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026. Entities are permitted to early adopt the standard and apply retrospectively for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The adoption of ASU 2024-03 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations but could change certain disclosures in United’s SEC filings. In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” ASU 2023-09 enhances annual income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities are permitted to early adopt the standard for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations but could change certain disclosures in United’s SEC filings. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, mainly through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments will enable investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance and assess potential future cash flows. ASU No. 2023-07 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption of the amendment is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations but changed certain disclosures in United’s SEC filings starting with the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. 12 Table of Contents In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, “Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative,” which adopts certain disclosure requirements referred by the SEC. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. The adoption of ASU 2023-06 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, “Business Combinations – Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60).” ASU 2023-05 requires a joint venture to apply a new basis of accounting at its formation date by valuing the net assets contributed at fair value for both business and asset transactions. The value of the net assets in total is then allocated to individual assets and liabilities by applying Topic 805 with certain exceptions. ASU 2023-05 requires certain disclosures to aid the user of the financial statements in understanding the implications of the joint venture formation. ASU 2023-05 is effective for joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. The adoption of ASU 2023-05 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. In March 2023, the FASB issued Accounting ASU 2023-02, “Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method.” ASU 2023-02 permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. The amendments in this ASU apply to all reporting entities that hold tax equity investments that meet the conditions for and elect to account for them using the proportional amortization method or an investment in a low income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) structure through a limited liability entity that is not accounted for using the proportional amortization method and to which certain LIHTC-specific guidance removed from Subtopic 323-740 has been applied. Additionally, the disclosure requirements apply to investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax credit program for which the entity has elected to apply the proportional amortization method (including investments within that elected program that do not meet the conditions to apply the proportional amortization method). ASU 2023-02 was effective for United on January 1, 2024. The amendments in this update must be applied on either a modified retrospective or a retrospective basis except for LIHTC investments not accounted for using the proportional amortization method. At January 1, 2024, United chose not to elect to account for its tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848.” ASU 2022-06 extends the period of time financial statement preparers can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance. In 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 to provide temporary, optional expedients related to the accounting for contract modifications and hedging transactions as a result of the global markets’ anticipated transition away from the use of LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. At the time ASU 2020-04 was issued, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) had established the intent that it would no longer be necessary to persuade, or compel, banks to submit to LIBOR after December 31, 2021. As a result, the sunset provision was set for December 31, 2022; 12 months after the expected cessation date of all currencies and tenors of LIBOR. In March 2021, the FCA announced that the intended cessation date of LIBOR in the United States would be June 30, 2023, which has now taken effect as intended. Accordingly, ASU 2022-06 defers the expiration date of ASU 848 to December 31, 2024. United implemented a comprehensive project plan to execute the transition of its LIBOR-based financial instruments to alternative reference rates. United utilized the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SO FR”) and Prime as the preferred alternatives to LIBOR. 2. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS On January 10, 2025 (“Acquisition Date”), Un ited co nsummated its acquisition of Piedmont Bancorp, Inc. (“Piedmont”). Piedmont was merged with and into United (the “Merger”), pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated May 9, 2024, by and between United and Piedmont (the “Agreement”). The Merger was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Piedmont was the holding company for The Piedmont Bank, a Georgia state-chartered bank, with sixteen locations in the State of Georgia. 13 Table of Contents Under the terms of the Agreement, each outstanding share of common stock of Piedmont was converted into the right to receive 0.300 shares of United common stock, par value $ 2.50 per share (the “Exchange Ratio”). Also pursuant to the Agreement, as of the effective time of the Merger, each option to purchase shares of Piedmont Common Stock (each, a “Piedmont Stock Option”) that was outstanding under the Piedmont Bancorp, Inc. 2009 Stock Option Plan (the “Piedmont Stock Plan”) immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, was, to the extent not vested, became fully vested and exercisable and was canceled in consideration for the right to receive a lump sum cash payment with respect thereto equal to the product of: (i) the excess, if any, of the product of (A) the volume-weighted average of the closing sales price on Nasdaq of United Common Stock for the 10 full trading days ending on the second trading day immediately preceding the effective date of the Merger (the “Average United Closing Price”) multiplied by (B) the Exchange Ratio, over the applicable exercise price of such Piedmont Stock Option; and (ii) the number of shares of Piedmont Common Stock subject to such Piedmont Stock Option, less any required withholding taxes. Also pursuant to the Agreement, as of the effective time of the Merger, each warrant to purchase shares of Piedmont Common Stock (each, a “Piedmont Stock Warrant”) that was outstanding under the Piedmont Stock Plan or individual award agreement immediately prior to the Effective Time, was, to the extent not vested, became fully vested and exercisable and canceled, and in consideration therefor, received a lump sum cash payment with respect thereto equal to the product of: (A) the excess, if any, of the product of (x) the Average United Closing Price multiplied by (y) the Exchange Ratio, over the applicable exercise price of such Piedmont Stock Warrant; and (B) the number of shares of Piedmont Common Stock subject to such Piedmont Stock Warrant, less any required withholding taxes. In addition, at the effective time of the Merger, each restricted stock grant, restricted stock unit grant and any other award in respect of a share of Piedmont Common Stock subject to vesting, repurchase or other lapse restriction under a Piedmont Stock Plan that was outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time other than a Piedmont Option or a Piedmont Stock Warrant (each, a “Piedmont Stock Award”) became fully vested, cancelled and converted automatically into the right to receive the Merger Consideration (with any fractional share being entitled to receive cash in lieu thereof) in respect of each share of Piedmont Common Stock underlying such Piedmont Stock Award, less any required withholding taxes. Immediately following the Merger, The Piedmont Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Piedmont, merged with and into United Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of United (the “Bank Merger”) pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated May 9, 2024 (the “Bank Plan of Merger”). United Bank survived the Bank Merger and continues to exist as a Virginia banking corporation. The former Piedmont offices will operate under the DBA United Bankshares. The Piedmont Merger was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The results of operations of Piedmont are included in the consolidated results of operations from the Acquisition Date. At the Acquisition Date, Piedmont had $ 2,356,883 in total assets, $ 2,079,933 in loans and leases, net of unearned income and $ 2,105,402 in deposits. For the first six months of 2025, United recorded acquisition-related costs for the Piedmont merger of $ 31,356 , including a provision for credit losses of $ 18,726 for purchased non-credit deteriorated (“non-PCD”) loans. The aggregate purchase price was $ 280,967 , including common stock valued at $ 280,946 and cash paid for fractional shares of $ 21 . The number of shares issued in the transaction was 7,860,831 , which were valued based on the closing market price of $ 35.74 for United’s common shares on January 10, 2025. The purchase price has been allocated to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets resulting in preliminary additions to goodwill, and core deposit intangibles of $ 130,021 and $ 32,764 , respectively. The goodwill recognized results from the expected synergies and potential earnings from the combination of United and Piedmont. None of the goodwill from the Piedmont acquisition is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The core deposit intangible is expected to be amortized on an accelerated basis over ten years. 14 Table of Contents United used an independent third party to help determine the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired from Piedmont. As a result of the merger, United recorded preliminary fair value discounts of $ 64,065 on the loans and leases acquired, $ 24,977 on available-for-sale investment securities acquired, and $ 3,492 on land acquired, respectively, and premiums of $ 1,469 on buildings acquired and $ 408 on interest-bearing time deposits, respectively. United also recorded an allowance for loan and lease losses of $ 36,244 on the loans acquired split between $ 17,518 for purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans which is part of the acquisition date fair value, and $ 18,726 for non-PCD loans recorded to the provision for credit losses. In addition, United also recorded a reserve for lending-related commitments of $ 4,058 on the loan commitments acquired with an offset within other expense. The discounts and premium amounts, except for discount on the land acquired, are being accreted or amortized on an accelerated or straight-line basis, based on the type of asset or liability, over each asset’s or liability’s estimated remaining life at the time of acquisition. At June 30, 2025, the premiums on the buildings and interest-bearing time deposits each had an average estimated remaining life of 31.0 years and 1.5 years, respectively. Portfolio loans acquired from Piedmont were recorded at their fair value at the Acquisition Date based on a discounted cash flow methodology. The estimated fair value incorporates adjustments related to market loss assumptions and prevailing market interest rates for comparable assets and other market factors such as liquidity from the perspective of a market participant. Also, acquired portfolio loans and leases were evaluated upon acquisition and classified as either PCD, which indicates that the loan has experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, or non-PCD. United considered a variety of factors in evaluating the acquired loans and leases for a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality, including but not limited to risk grades, delinquency, nonperforming status, current or previous troubled debt restructurings or bankruptcies, watch list credits and other qualitative factors that indicated a deterioration in credit quality since origination. For PCD loans and leases, an initial allowance is determined based on the same methodology as other portfolio loans and leases. This initial allowance for loan and lease losses is allocated to individual PCD loans and leases and added to the acquisition date fair values to establish the initial amortized cost basis for the PCD loans and leases. The difference between the unpaid principal balance (“UPB”), or par value, of PCD loans and leases and the amortized cost basis is considered to relate to noncredit factors and resulted in a discount of $ 20,906 at Acquisition Date. This discount will be recognized through interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans which is estimated at June 30, 2025 to be a weighted-average of 6.0 years. For non-PCD acquired loans and leases, the differences between the initial fair value and the UPB, or par value, are recognized as interest income on a level-yield basis over the lives of the related loans and leases which at June 30, 2025 is estimated to be a weighted-average of 5.3 years. The total fair value mark on the non-PCD loans at the Acquisition Date was $ 43,159 . At the Acquisition Date, an initial allowance for expected loan and lease losses of $ 18,726 was recorded with a corresponding charge to the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses related to PCD and non-PCD loans and leases are recognized in the provision for credit losses. The following table provides a reconciliation of the difference between the purchase price and the par value of portfolio PCD loans and leases acquired from Piedmont as of the Acquisition Date: Purchase price of PCD loans and leases at acquisition $ 409,872 Allowance for credit losses at acquisition 17,518 Non-credit discount at acquisition 20,906 Par value (UPB) of acquired PCD loans and leases at acquisition $ 448,296 The consideration paid for Piedmont’s common equity and the preliminary amounts of acquired identifiable assets and liabilities assumed as of the Piedmont Acquisition Date were as follows: Purchase price: Value of common shares issued (7,860,831 shares) $ 280,946 Cash for fractional shares 21 Total purchase price 280,967 Identifiable assets: Cash and cash equivalents 77,497 Investment securities 94,426 Net loans and leases 1,998,350 Premises and equipment 23,816 Operating lease right-of-use assets 5,124 BOLI 40,801 Core deposit intangible 32,764 Other assets 30,602 Total identifiable assets $ 2,303,380 Identifiable liabilities: Deposits $ 2,105,810 Long-term borrowings 20,000 Operating lease liabilities 5,744 Other liabilities 20,880 Total identifiable liabilities 2,152,434 Preliminary fair value of net assets acquired including identifiable intangible assets 150,946 Preliminary resulting goodwill $ 130,021 15 Table of Contents The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities noted in the table above is preliminary pending review of the final valuation information for those assets and liabilities. During the preliminary period (“Measurement Period”), which may last up to twelve months subsequent to the Acquisition Date, the Company will continue to review information relating to events and circumstances existing as of the Acquisition Date that could impact the preliminary fair value estimates of the acquired assets and liabilities. In the table of acquired net assets above, the amount of net assets acquired reflect Measurement Period adjustments made during the second quarter of 2025 that resulted in a net increase in net assets acquired of $ 4,694 . This increase was primarily driven by an increase of $ 5,910 in deferred taxes on fair value adjustments partially offset by an increase of $ 1,643 in accrued liabilities based on factors that were determined to be in existence as of the Acquisition Date. The operating results of United include operating results of acquired assets and assumed liabilities subsequent to the Acquisition Date. The operations of United’s Georgia geographic area, which comprises the acquired operations of Piedmont provided $ 71,446 in total revenues (net interest income plus other income), and $ 47,667 in net income, excluding non-allocated items, since the Acquisition Date. These amounts are included in United’s consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2025 and for the first six months of 2025. Piedmont’s results of operations prior to the Acquisition Date are not included in United’s consolidated results of operations. The following table presents certain unaudited pro forma information for the results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, as if the Piedmont merger had occurred on January 1, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These results combine the historical results of Piedmont into United’s consolidated statement of income and, while certain adjustments were made for the estimated impact of certain fair valuation adjustments and other acquisition-related activity, they are not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition taken place on the indicated date nor are they intended to represent or be indicative of future results of operations. In particular, no adjustments have been made to eliminate the amount of Piedmont’s provision for credit losses for 2025 and 2024 that may not have been necessary had the acquired loans been recorded at fair value as of the beginning of 2025 and 2024. Additionally, United expects to achieve operating cost savings and other business synergies as a result of the acquisition which are not reflected in the pro forma amounts. Proforma Six Months Ended June 30 2025 2024 Total Revenues (1) $ 599,141 $ 569,506 Net Income 193,300 206,944 (1) Represents net interest income plus other income 16 Table of Contents 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES Securities Available for Sale Securities held for indefinite periods of time are classified as available for sale and carried at estimated fair value. The amortized cost and estimated fair values of securities available for sale are summarized as follows. June 30, 2025 Gross Gross Allowance Estimated Amortized Unrealized Unrealized For Credit Fair Cost Gains Losses Losses Value U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies $ 316,426 $ 63 $ 2,090 $ 0 $ 314,399 State and political subdivisions 582,353 97 72,273 0 510,177 Residential mortgage-backed securities Agency 1,328,264 3,744 135,011 0 1,196,997 Non-agency 86,794 498 5,329 0 81,963 Commercial mortgage-backed securities Agency 429,277 3,928 31,676 0 401,529 Asset-backed securities 321,167 73 3,248 0 317,992 Single issue trust preferred securities 13,307 0 1,254 0 12,053 Other corporate securities 256,736 0 17,775 0 238,961 Total $ 3,334,324 $ 8,403 $ 268,656 $ 0 $ 3,074,071 December 31, 2024 Gross Gross Allowance Estimated Amortized Unrealized Unrealized For Credit Fair Cost Gains Losses Losses Value U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies $ 248,867 $ 59 $ 3,084 $ 0 $ 245,842 State and political subdivisions 574,580 8 79,515 0 495,073 Residential mortgage-backed securities Agency 1,226,400 433 167,114 0 1,059,719 Non-agency 88,392 262 6,531 0 82,123 Commercial mortgage-backed securities Agency 372,646 38 42,698 0 329,986 Asset-backed securities 476,863 166 2,047 0 474,982 Single issue trust preferred securities 13,296 0 1,377 0 11,919 Other corporate securities 281,646 0 21,571 0 260,075 Total $ 3,282,690 $ 966 $ 323,937 $ 0 $ 2,959,719 For the adoption of ASC Topic 326, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses,” United made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of available-for-sale debt securities and report accrued interest separately in “Accrued interest receivable” in the consolidated balance sheets. Available-for-sale debt securities are placed on non-accrual status when we no longer expect to receive all contractual amounts due, which is generally at 90 days past due. Accrued interest receivable is reversed against interest income when a security is placed on non-accrual status. Accordingly, United does not currently recognize an allowance for credit loss against accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale debt securities. The table above excludes accrued interest receivable of $ 13,264 and $ 14,776 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, that is recorded in “Accrued interest receivable.” 17 Table of Contents The following is a summary of securities available for sale which were in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses June 30, 2025 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies $ 1,203 $ 2 $ 42,357 $ 2,088 $ 43,560 $ 2,090 State and political subdivisions 6,468 190 482,814 72,083 489,282 72,273 Residential mortgage-backed securities Agency 50,258 415 827,488 134,596 877,746 135,011 Non-agency 0 0 59,670 5,329 59,670 5,329 Commercial mortgage-backed securities Agency 7,237 6 295,383 31,670 302,620 31,676 Asset-backed securities 63,803 208 162,776 3,040 226,579 3,248 Single issue trust preferred securities 0 0 12,053 1,254 12,053 1,254 Other corporate securities 0 0 234,133 17,775 234,133 17,775 Total $ 128,969 $ 821 $ 2,116,674 $ 267,835 $ 2,245,643 $ 268,656 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses December 31, 2024 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies $ 1,476 $ 3 $ 42,886 $ 3,081 $ 44,362 $ 3,084 State and political subdivisions 3,314 22 479,681 79,493 482,995 79,515 Residential mortgage-backed securities Agency 128,655 1,660 856,448 165,454 985,103 167,114 Non-agency 0 0 59,668 6,531 59,668 6,531 Commercial mortgage-backed securities Agency 0 0 319,506 42,698 319,506 42,698 Asset-backed securities 83,188 50 215,886 1,997 299,074 2,047 Single issue trust preferred securities 0 0 11,919 1,377 11,919 1,377 Other corporate securities 2,476 24 252,634 21,547 255,110 21,571 Total $ 219,109 $ 1,759 $ 2,238,628 $ 322,178 $ 2,457,737 $ 323,937 The following table shows the proceeds from maturities, sales and calls of available for sale securities and the gross realized gains and losses on sales and calls of those securities that have been included in earnings as a result of any sales and calls. Gains or losses on sales and calls of available for sale securities were recognized by the specific identification method. Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Proceeds from sales, calls and maturities $ 331,825 $ 795,355 $ 918,062 $ 1,211,765 Gross realized gains 0 0 0 0 Gross realized losses 0 ( 7,062 ) 0 ( 7,062 ) 18 Table of Contents At June 30, 2025, gross unrealized losses on available for sale securities were $ 268,656 on 932 securities of a total portfolio of 1,089 available for sale securities. Securities with the most significant gross unrealized losses at June 30, 2025 consisted primarily of agency residential mortgage-backed securities, state and political subdivision securities, agency commercial mortgage-backed securities and other corporate securities. In determining whether or not a security is impaired, management considered the severity of the loss in conjunction with United’s positive intent and the more likely than not ability to hold these securities to recovery of their cost basis or maturity. Generally, the significant amount of gross unrealized losses on available for sale securities at June 30, 2025 was the result of rising interest rates. State and political subdivisions United’s state and political subdivisions portfolio relates to securities issued by various municipalities located throughout the United States. The total amortized cost of available for sale state and political subdivision securities was $ 582,353 at June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, approximately 46 % of the portfolio was supported by the general obligation of the issuing municipality, which allows for the securities to be repaid by any means available to the municipality. The majority of the portfolio was rated AA or higher, and no securities within the portfolio were rated below investment grade as of June 30, 2025. In addition to monitoring the credit ratings of these securities, management also evaluates the financial performance of the underlying issuers on an ongoing basis. Based upon management’s analysis and judgment, it was determined that none of the state and political subdivision securities had credit losses at June 30, 2025. Mortgage-backed securities The fair value of mortgage-backed securities is affected by changes in interest rates and prepayment speeds. When interest rates decline, prepayment speeds generally accelerate due to homeowners refinancing their mortgages at lower interest rates. This may result in the proceeds being reinvested at lower interest rates. Rising interest rates may decrease the assumed prepayment speed. Slower prepayment speeds may extend the maturity of the security beyond its estimated maturity. Therefore, investors may not be able to invest at current higher market rates due to the extended expected maturity of the security. United had a net unrealized loss of $ 163,846 on mortgage-backed securities at June 30, 2025. Below is a detailed discussion of mortgage-backed securities by type. United’s agency mortgage-backed securities portfolio relates to securities issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae. The total amortized cost of available for sale agency mortgage-backed securities was $ 1,757,541 at June 30, 2025. Of the $ 1,757,541 amount, $ 429,277 was related to agency commercial mortgage-backed securities and $ 1,328,264 was related to agency residential mortgage-backed securities. Each of the agency mortgage-backed securities provides a guarantee of full and timely payments of principal and interest by the issuing agency. Based upon management’s analysis and judgment, it was determined that none of the agency mortgage-backed securities had credit losses at June 30, 2025. United’s non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities portfolio relates to securities of various private label issuers. The total amortized cost of available for sale non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities was $ 86,794 at June 30, 2025. Of the $ 86,794 , 100 % was rated AAA. Based upon management’s analysis and judgment, it was determined that none of the non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities had credit losses at June 30, 2025. Asset-backed securities As of June 30, 2025, United’s asset-backed securities portfolio had a total amortized cost balance of $ 321,167 . 100 % of the portfolio was investment grade rated as of June 30, 2025. Approximately 48 % of the portfolio relates to securities that are backed by Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) student loan collateral which includes a minimum of a 97 % government repayment guaranty, as well as additional credit support and subordination in excess of the government guaranteed portion. Approximately 52 % of the portfolio relates to collateralized loan obligation securities that are all AAA rated. Upon reviewing this portfolio as of June 30, 2025, it was determined that none of the asset-backed securities had credit losses. 19 Table of Contents Single issue trust preferred securities The majority of United’s single issue trust preferred portfolio consists of obligations from large cap banks (i.e. banks with market capitalization in excess of $ 10 billion). All single issue trust preferred securities are currently receiving interest payments. The amortized cost of available for sale single issue trust preferred securities as of June 30, 2025 consisted of $ 7,485 in investment grade bonds and $ 5,822 in unrated bonds. Management reviews each issuer’s current and projected earnings trends, asset quality, capitalization levels, and other key factors. Upon completing the review for the second quarter of 2025, it was determined that none of the single issue trust preferred securities had credit losses. Other corporate securities As of June 30, 2025, United’s other corporate securities portfolio had a total amortized cost balance of $ 256,736 . The majority of the portfolio consisted of debt issuances of corporations representing a variety of industries, including financial institutions. Of the $ 256,736 , 95 % had at least one rating above investment grade, 2 % were below investment grade rated, and 3 % were unrated. For other corporate securities, management has evaluated the near-term prospects of the investment in relation to the severity of any unrealized loss. Based upon management’s analysis and judgment, it was determined that none of the other corporate securities had credit losses at June 30, 2025. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities available for sale at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 by contractual maturity are shown as follows. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations without penalties. June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Estimated Estimated Amortized Fair Amortized Fair Cost Value Cost Value Due in one year or less $ 294,148 $ 293,996 $ 262,093 $ 261,458 Due after one year through five years 465,824 437,398 405,617 375,276 Due after five years through ten years 737,341 674,627 863,601 779,069 Due after ten years 1,837,011 1,668,050 1,751,379 1,543,916 Total $ 3,334,324 $ 3,074,071 $ 3,282,690 $ 2,959,719 Equity securities at fair value Equity securities consist mainly of equity securities of financial institutions, mutual funds of Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) qualified investments and equity securities within a rabbi trust for the payment of benefits under a deferred compensation plan for certain key officers of United and its subsidiaries. The fair value of United’s equity securities was $ 21,996 at June 30, 2025 and $ 21,058 at December 31, 2024. Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities sold $ 0 $ 4,648 $ 0 $ 4,648 Unrealized gains recognized during the period on equity securities still held at period end 425 2,222 979 2,222 Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity securities still held at period end 0 ( 26 ) ( 33 ) ( 125 ) Net gains recognized during the period $ 425 $ 6,844 $ 946 $ 6,745 20 Table of Contents Other investment securities During the second quarter of 2025, United evaluated all of its cost method investments to determine if certain events or changes in circumstances during the second quarter of 2025 had a significant adverse effect on the recorded value of any of its cost method securities. United determined that there was no individual security that experienced an adverse event during the second quarter. There were no other events or changes in circumstances during the second quarter which would have an adverse effect on the recorded fair value of its cost method securities. The carrying value of securities pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law, approximated $ 2,049,191 and $ 2,038,864 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. 4. LOANS AND LEASES Major classes of loans and leases are as follows: June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Commercial, financial and agricultural: Owner-occupied commercial real estate $ 2,070,418 $ 1,590,002 Nonowner-occupied commercial real estate 7,981,186 6,939,641 Other commercial 3,647,028 3,351,362 Total commercial, financial & agricultural 13,698,632 11,881,005 Residential real estate 5,852,212 5,507,384 Construction & land development 3,741,200 3,509,034 Consumer: Bankcard 9,498 9,998 Other consumer 759,324 773,077 Less: Unearned income ( 10,644 ) ( 7,005 ) Total gross loans $ 24,050,222 $ 21,673,493 The table above does not include loans held for sale of $ 37,053 and $ 44,360 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Loans held for sale consist of single-family residential real estate loans originated for sale in the secondary market. United’s subsidiary bank has made loans to the directors and officers of United and its subsidiaries, and to their affiliates. The aggregate dollar amount of these loans was $ 25,158 and $ 22,702 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. 5. CREDIT QUALITY Management monitors the credit quality of its loans and leases on an ongoing basis. Measurement of delinquency and past due status are based on the contractual terms of each loan. United considers a loan to be past due when it is 30 days or more past its contractual payment due date. For all loan classes, past due loans and leases are reviewed on a monthly basis to identify loans and leases for nonaccrual status. Generally, when collection in full of the principal and interest is jeopardized, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status. The accrual of interest income on commercial and most consumer loans generally is discontinued when a loan becomes 90 to 120 days past due as to principal or interest. However, regardless of delinquency status, if a loan is fully secured and in the process of collection and resolution of collection is expected in the near term (generally less than 90 days), then the loan will not be placed on nonaccrual status. When interest accruals are discontinued, unpaid interest recognized in income in the current year is reversed, and unpaid interest accrued in prior years is charged to the allowance for credit losses. United’s method of income recognition for loans and leases that are classified as nonaccrual is to recognize interest income on a cash basis or apply the cash receipt to principal when the ultimate collectability of principal is in doubt. Nonaccrual loans and leases will not normally be returned to accrual status unless all past due principal and interest has been paid and the borrower has evidenced their ability to meet the contractual provisions of the note. 21 Table of Contents The following table sets forth United’s age analysis of its past due loans and leases, segregated by class of loans and leases: Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases As of June 30, 2025 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or more Past Due Total Past Due Current & Other Total Financing Receivables 90 Days or More Past Due & Accruing Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 6,035 $ 2,892 $ 8,927 $ 2,061,491 $ 2,070,418 $ 82 Nonowner-occupied 16,830 26,094 42,924 7,938,262 7,981,186 488 Other commercial 5,733 15,409 21,142 3,625,886 3,647,028 258 Residential real estate 26,885 17,744 44,629 5,807,583 5,852,212 2,238 Construction & land development 9,223 3,407 12,630 3,728,570 3,741,200 35 Consumer: Bankcard 11 16 27 9,471 9,498 16 Other consumer 17,194 2,705 19,899 739,425 759,324 1,136 Total $ 81,911 $ 68,267 $ 150,178 $ 23,910,688 $ 24,060,866 $ 4,253 Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases As of December 31, 2024 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or more Past Due Total Past Due Current & Other Total Financing Receivables 90 Days or More Past Due & Accruing Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 3,767 $ 1,284 $ 5,051 $ 1,584,951 $ 1,590,002 $ 0 Nonowner-occupied 11,931 23,379 35,310 6,904,331 6,939,641 0 Other commercial 5,594 19,019 24,613 3,326,749 3,351,362 431 Residential real estate 33,783 20,946 54,729 5,452,655 5,507,384 12,429 Construction & land development 390 4,265 4,655 3,504,379 3,509,034 1,677 Consumer: Bankcard 63 61 124 9,874 9,998 61 Other consumer 28,414 4,446 32,860 740,217 773,077 2,342 Total $ 83,942 $ 73,400 $ 157,342 $ 21,523,156 $ 21,680,498 $ 16,940 The following table sets forth United’s nonaccrual loans and leases, segregated by class of loans and leases: At June 30, 2025 At December 31, 2024 Nonaccruals With No Related Allowance for Credit Losses Nonaccruals With No Related Allowance for Credit Losses Commercial Real Estate: Owner-occupied $ 2,810 $ 2,810 $ 1,284 $ 1,284 Nonowner-occupied 25,606 25,606 23,379 8,475 Other Commercial 15,151 1,532 18,588 584 Residential Real Estate 15,506 12,749 8,517 5,562 Construction 3,372 1,535 2,588 2,589 Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 0 0 Other consumer 1,569 1,569 2,104 2,104 Total $ 64,014 $ 45,801 $ 56,460 $ 20,598 Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was insignificant during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. 22 Table of Contents In some cases, United will modify a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty by providing multiple types of concessions such as a term extension, principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction or a combination thereof. The following table presents the amortized cost of loans and leases to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, by class of financing receivable and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans and leases that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also represented below. Amortized Cost Basis of Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty For the Three Months ended June 30, 2025 Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction & Payment Delay % of Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 422 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,466 0.19 % Nonowner-occupied 5,698 4,616 5,162 0 0.19 % Other commercial 1,962 0 0 0 0.05 % Residential real estate 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Construction & land development 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Other consumer 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Total $ 8,082 $ 4,616 $ 5,162 $ 3,466 0.09 % Amortized Cost Basis of Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty For the Three Months ended June 30, 2024 Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension & Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension & Payment Delay % of Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 0.00 % Nonowner-occupied 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Other commercial 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Residential real estate 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Construction & land development 0 0 0 674 0.02 % Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Other consumer 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Total $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 674 0.00 % Amortized Cost Basis of Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty For the Six Months ended June 30, 2025 Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction & Payment Delay % of Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 422 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,466 0.19 % Nonowner-occupied 5,698 4,616 5,341 0 0.20 % Other commercial 9,232 0 0 0 0.25 % Residential real estate 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Construction & land development 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Other consumer 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Total $ 15,352 $ 4,616 $ 5,341 $ 3,466 0.12 % 23 Table of Contents Amortized Cost Basis of Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty For the Six Months ended June 30, 2024 Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension & Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension & Payment Delay % of Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 0.00 % Nonowner-occupied 5,690 0 0 0 0.08 % Other commercial 0 0 2,628 0 0.08 % Residential real estate 8,750 0 0 169 0.17 % Construction & land development 300 0 0 674 0.03 % Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Other consumer 0 0 0 0 0.00 % Total $ 14,740 $ 0 $ 2,628 $ 843 0.09 % As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were commitments to lend additional funds of $ 589 and $ 1,199 , respectively, to debtors owing loan receivables whose terms have been modified. United’s estimate of future credit losses uses a lifetime methodology, derived from modeled loan performance based on the extensive historical experience of loans with similar risk characteristics, adjusted to reflect current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The historical loss experience used in United’s credit loss models includes the impact of loan modifications provided to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, and also includes the impact of projected loss severities as a result of loan defaults. United closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the performance in the 12 months after a modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty presented by class of financing receivable: Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) As of June 30, 2025 As of June 30, 2024 Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 3,888 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Nonowner-occupied 11,307 4,399 0 31,158 5,690 0 Other commercial 9,232 0 0 2,763 0 0 Residential real estate 172 0 0 8,920 0 0 Construction & land development 47 0 0 974 0 0 Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other consumer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 24,646 $ 4,399 $ 0 $ 43,815 $ 5,690 $ 0 2 4 Table of Contents The following table presents the financial effect of loan and lease modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. For the Three Months Ended For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Weighted- Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Payment Delay (in years) Weighted Average Term Extension (in years) Weighted- Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension (in years) Commercial Real Estate: Owner-occupied 0.50 % 2.4 0.0 0.00 % 0 Nonowner-occupied 0.50 % 2.0 0.4 0.00 % 0 Other Commercial 0.00 % 0 0.3 0.00 % 0 Residential Real Estate 0.00 % 0 0 0.00 % 0 Construction & land development 0.00 % 0 0 0.00 % 1.3 Consumer: Bankcard 0.00 % 0 0 0.00 % 0 Other consumer 0.00 % 0 0 0.00 % 0 For the Six Months Ended For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Weighted- Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Payment Delay (in years) Weighted Average Term Extension (in years) Weighted- Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension (in years) Commercial Real Estate: Owner-occupied 0.50 % 2.4 1.0 0.00 % 0 Nonowner-occupied 0.50 % 2.0 0.4 0.00 % 0.6 Other Commercial 0.00 % 0 0.5 1.00 % 0.3 Residential Real Estate 0.00 % 0 0 0.00 % 0.6 Construction & land development 0.00 % 0 0 0.00 % 1.0 Consumer: Bankcard 0.00 % 0 0 0.00 % 0 Other consumer 0.00 % 0 0 0.00 % 0 No loan or lease modifications completed within the last 12 months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty had a payment default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. United elected the practical expedient to measure expected credit losses on collateral dependent loans and leases based on the difference between the loan’s amortized cost and the collateral’s fair value, adjusted for selling costs. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans and leases in which repayment is expected to be derived substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, by class of loans and leases as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024: Collateral Dependent Loans and Leases At June 30, 2025 Residential Property Business Assets Land Commercial Property Other Total Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,247 $ 5,356 $ 9,603 Nonowner-occupied 10,797 0 13,113 27,557 20,463 71,930 Other commercial 0 13,510 0 4,962 4,317 22,789 Residential real estate 7,958 0 0 0 8 7,966 2 5 Table of Contents Collateral Dependent Loans and Leases At June 30, 2025 Residential Property Business Assets Land Commercial Property Other Total Construction & land development 0 0 2,483 0 13,003 15,486 Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other consumer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 18,755 $ 13,510 $ 15,596 $ 36,766 $ 43,147 $ 127,774 Collateral Dependent Loans and Leases At December 31, 2024 Residential Property Business Assets Land Commercial Property Other Total Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 5 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,119 $ 6,465 $ 9,589 Nonowner-occupied 7,037 0 0 23,975 2,367 33,379 Other commercial 0 15,816 0 5,041 528 21,385 Residential real estate 7,348 0 0 0 11 7,359 Construction & land development 0 0 2,492 0 873 3,365 Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other consumer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 14,390 $ 15,816 $ 2,492 $ 32,135 $ 10,244 $ 75,077 United categorizes loans and leases into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, underlying collateral (if any), public information and current economic trends, among other factors. United uses the following definitions for risk ratings: • Pass • Special Mention • Substandard • Doubtful For United’s loans with a corporate credit exposure, United analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. Review and analysis of criticized (special mention-rated loans in the amount of $1,000 or greater) and classified (substandard-rated and worse in the amount of $500 and greater) loans is completed once per quarter. Review of notes with committed exposure of $3,000 or greater is completed at least annually. For loans with a consumer credit exposure, United internally assigns a grade based upon an individual loan’s delinquency status. United reviews and updates, as necessary, these grades on a quarterly basis. Special mention loans, with a corporate credit exposure, have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loans or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends (declining revenues or margins) or an ill proportioned balance sheet (e.g., increasing inventory without an increase in sales, high leverage, tight liquidity). Adverse economic or market conditions, such as interest rate increases or the entry of a new competitor, may also support a special mention rating. Nonfinancial reasons for rating a credit exposure special mention include management problems, pending litigation, an ineffective loan agreement or other material structural weakness, and any other significant deviation from prudent lending practices. For loans with a consumer credit exposure, loans that are past due 30 - 89 days are generally considered special mention. 2 6 Table of Contents A substandard loan with a corporate credit exposure is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt by the borrower. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. They require more intensive supervision by management. Substandard loans are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity, or marginal capitalization. Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants. For some substandard loans, the likelihood of full collection of interest and principal may be in doubt and thus, placed on nonaccrual. For loans with a consumer credit exposure, loans that are 90 days or more past due or that have been placed on nonaccrual are considered substandard. A loan with corporate credit exposure is classified as doubtful if it has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable. A doubtful loan has a high probability of total or substantial loss, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the loan, its classification as loss is deferred. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. Pending events can include mergers, acquisitions, liquidations, capital injections, the perfection of liens on additional collateral, the valuation of collateral, and refinancing. Generally, there are not any loans with a consumer credit exposure that are classified as doubtful. Usually, they are charged-off prior to such a classification. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans and leases as well as charge-offs and recoveries by class of loans is as follows. Loans originated in any year may be renewals of existing loans and not necessarily new loans. Commercial Real Estate – Owner-occupied $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Term Loans Origination Year Revolving loans amortized cost Revolving loans converted to As of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior basis term loans Total Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 141,833 $ 390,099 $ 205,855 $ 322,291 $ 291,413 $ 636,743 $ 43,758 $ 0 $ 2,031,992 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 6,690 1,968 0 8,658 Substandard 0 247 4,031 3,450 0 21,265 442 120 29,555 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 213 0 0 213 Total $ 141,833 $ 390,346 $ 209,886 $ 325,741 $ 291,413 $ 664,911 $ 46,168 $ 120 $ 2,070,418 Current-period charge-offs 0 0 0 0 0 ( 228 ) 0 0 ( 228 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 6 0 0 36 0 0 42 Current-period net recoveries (charge-offs) $ 0 $ 0 $ 6 $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 192 ) $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 186 ) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Revolving loans amortized cost Revolving loans and leases converted to Term Loans Origination Year As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior basis term loans Total Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 236,547 $ 132,095 $ 243,103 $ 225,152 $ 205,461 $ 467,417 $ 29,900 $ 0 $ 1,539,675 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 15,199 8,545 0 23,744 Substandard 247 0 3,493 0 307 21,744 445 121 26,357 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 226 0 0 226 Total $ 236,794 $ 132,095 $ 246,596 $ 225,152 $ 205,768 $ 504,586 $ 38,890 $ 121 $ 1,590,002 Current-period charge-offs 0 0 0 0 0 ( 116 ) 0 0 ( 116 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 15 0 0 1,168 0 0 1,183 Current-period net recoveries $ 0 $ 0 $ 15 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,052 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,067 2 7 Table of Contents Commercial Real Estate – Nonowner-occupied Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 793,145 $ 920,227 $ 718,567 $ 1,995,094 $ 1,249,748 $ 1,756,459 $ 93,218 $ 63 $ 7,526,521 Special Mention 2,000 0 2,946 38,733 93,467 179,067 0 0 316,213 Substandard 0 0 5,750 38,642 5,377 65,925 22,758 0 138,452 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 795,145 $ 920,227 $ 727,263 $ 2,072,469 $ 1,348,592 $ 2,001,451 $ 115,976 $ 63 $ 7,981,186 Current-period charge-offs 0 0 0 0 0 ( 8,086 ) 0 0 ( 8,086 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 48 0 0 48 Current-period net charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 8,038 ) $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 8,038 ) Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans and leases converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 741,996 $ 485,437 $ 1,623,423 $ 1,294,232 $ 639,143 $ 1,584,833 $ 160,243 $ 78 $ 6,529,385 Special Mention 0 0 8,465 82,240 29,940 210,912 0 0 331,557 Substandard 0 0 4,085 4,020 143 48,633 21,818 0 78,699 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 741,996 $ 485,437 $ 1,635,973 $ 1,380,492 $ 669,226 $ 1,844,378 $ 182,061 $ 78 $ 6,939,641 Current-period charge-offs 0 0 0 0 ( 751 ) ( 1,830 ) 0 0 ( 2,581 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 0 200 Current-period net charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 751 ) $ ( 1,630 ) $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 2,381 ) Other commercial Term Loans and leases Revolving loans and leases amortized cost basis Revolving loans and leases converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 263,617 $ 422,799 $ 495,915 $ 306,587 $ 363,948 $ 640,428 $ 1,093,685 $ 0 $ 3,586,979 Special Mention 5 73 132 1,259 272 10,195 1,834 0 13,770 Substandard 0 1,824 555 15,659 7,336 10,430 10,475 0 46,279 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 263,622 $ 424,696 $ 496,602 $ 323,505 $ 371,556 $ 661,053 $ 1,105,994 $ 0 $ 3,647,028 Current-period charge-offs 0 ( 48 ) ( 135 ) ( 142 ) ( 1,625 ) ( 2,039 ) ( 784 ) 0 ( 4,773 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 2 16 1 311 37 0 367 Current-period net charge-offs $ 0 $ ( 48 ) $ ( 133 ) $ ( 126 ) $ ( 1,624 ) $ ( 1,728 ) $ ( 747 ) $ 0 $ ( 4,406 ) Term Loans and leases Revolving loans and leases amortized cost basis Revolving loans and leases converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 403,641 $ 505,947 $ 378,072 $ 394,412 $ 164,671 $ 519,488 $ 912,293 $ 0 $ 3,278,524 Special Mention 81 36 1,129 339 251 18,941 4,652 0 25,429 Substandard 206 419 18,927 7,029 835 11,262 8,706 0 47,384 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 25 Total $ 403,928 $ 506,402 $ 398,128 $ 401,780 $ 165,757 $ 549,716 $ 925,651 $ 0 $ 3,351,362 Current-period charge-offs 0 ( 464 ) ( 252 ) ( 156 ) ( 148 ) ( 1,352 ) ( 1,217 ) 0 ( 3,589 ) Current-period recoveries 10 67 9 45 0 1,512 7 0 1,650 Current-period net recoveries (charge- offs) $ 10 $ ( 397 ) $ ( 243 ) $ ( 111 ) $ ( 148 ) $ 160 $ ( 1,210 ) $ 0 $ ( 1,939 ) 2 8 Table of Contents Residential Real Estate Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 276,793 $ 462,620 $ 849,477 $ 1,605,045 $ 871,053 $ 1,258,985 $ 506,005 $ 2,420 $ 5,832,398 Special Mention 0 693 106 0 0 4,531 957 80 6,367 Substandard 0 0 111 687 476 11,673 500 0 13,447 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 276,793 $ 463,313 $ 849,694 $ 1,605,732 $ 871,529 $ 1,275,189 $ 507,462 $ 2,500 $ 5,852,212 Current-period charge-offs 0 ( 63 ) ( 137 ) ( 53 ) ( 6 ) ( 128 ) 0 0 ( 387 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 0 0 1 236 1 0 238 Current-period net (charge- offs) recoveries $ 0 $ ( 63 ) $ ( 137 ) $ ( 53 ) $ ( 5 ) $ 108 $ 1 $ 0 $ ( 149 ) Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 407,430 $ 820,059 $ 1,617,541 $ 827,395 $ 396,094 $ 971,226 $ 447,363 $ 2,467 $ 5,489,575 Special Mention 382 107 0 0 0 2,466 1,326 0 4,281 Substandard 0 0 0 508 0 12,430 507 83 13,528 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 407,812 $ 820,166 $ 1,617,541 $ 827,903 $ 396,094 $ 986,122 $ 449,196 $ 2,550 $ 5,507,384 Current-period charge-offs 0 ( 7 ) ( 2 ) 0 0 ( 359 ) ( 113 ) 0 ( 481 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 0 5 0 489 1 0 495 Current-period net (charge- offs) recoveries $ 0 $ ( 7 ) $ ( 2 ) $ 5 $ 0 $ 130 $ ( 112 ) $ 0 $ 14 Construction and Land Development Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 448,503 $ 994,943 $ 876,194 $ 789,021 $ 205,920 $ 35,329 $ 348,301 $ 0 $ 3,698,211 Special Mention 0 2,827 7,930 0 16,356 145 0 0 27,258 Substandard 0 5,303 0 6,850 203 3,375 0 0 15,731 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 448,503 $ 1,003,073 $ 884,124 $ 795,871 $ 222,479 $ 38,849 $ 348,301 $ 0 $ 3,741,200 Current-period charge-offs 0 0 0 0 0 ( 31 ) 0 0 ( 31 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 103 0 0 103 Current-period net recoveries $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 72 $ 0 $ 0 $ 72 Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 628,186 $ 837,662 $ 1,253,480 $ 426,662 $ 18,559 $ 18,542 $ 302,302 $ 0 $ 3,485,393 Special Mention 0 0 1,455 18,356 57 153 0 0 20,021 Substandard 0 0 0 200 1,607 1,813 0 0 3,620 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 628,186 $ 837,662 $ 1,254,935 $ 445,218 $ 20,223 $ 20,508 $ 302,302 $ 0 $ 3,509,034 Current-period charge-offs 0 0 0 0 0 ( 29 ) 0 0 ( 29 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 319 0 0 319 Current-period net recoveries $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 290 $ 0 $ 0 $ 290 29 Table of Contents Bankcard Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Internal Risk Grade:                         Pass Special Mention $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,472 $ 0 $ 9,472 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 11 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,498 $ 0 $ 9,498 Current-period charge-offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 191 ) 0 ( 191 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 19 Current-period net charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 172 ) $ 0 $ ( 172 ) Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,874 $ 0 $ 9,874 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 0 63 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 0 61 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,998 $ 0 $ 9,998 Current-period charge-offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 431 ) 0 ( 431 ) Current-period recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 19 Current-period net charge-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 412 ) $ 0 $ ( 412 ) Other Consumer Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 177,945 $ 117,102 $ 104,091 $ 213,173 $ 86,276 $ 38,251 $ 2,579 $ 0 $ 739,417 Special Mention 423 552 974 7,714 5,028 1,852 659 0 17,202 Substandard 0 12 150 1,739 507 297 0 0 2,705 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 178,368 $ 117,666 $ 105,215 $ 222,626 $ 91,811 $ 40,400 $ 3,238 $ 0 $ 759,324 Current-period charge-offs 0 ( 86 ) ( 326 ) ( 2,299 ) ( 1,060 ) ( 476 ) 0 0 ( 4,247 ) Current-period recoveries 0 6 65 288 160 215 0 0 734 Current-period net charge- offs $ 0 $ ( 80 ) $ ( 261 ) $ ( 2,011 ) $ ( 900 ) $ ( 261 ) $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 3,513 ) Term Loans Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term loans Total Origination Year As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Internal Risk Grade: Pass $ 139,908 $ 131,108 $ 276,041 $ 118,478 $ 49,553 $ 22,913 $ 2,215 $ 0 $ 740,216 Special Mention 495 1,805 13,462 8,485 2,704 1,440 23 0 28,414 Substandard 76 182 2,454 1,106 358 261 10 0 4,447 Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total $ 140,479 $ 133,095 $ 291,957 $ 128,069 $ 52,615 $ 24,614 $ 2,248 $ 0 $ 773,077 Current-period charge-offs ( 28 ) ( 206 ) ( 5,724 ) ( 3,096 ) ( 869 ) ( 380 ) 0 0 ( 10,303 ) Current-period recoveries 0 21 402 241 125 330 0 0 1,119 Current-period net charge-offs $ ( 28 ) $ ( 185 ) $ ( 5,322 ) $ ( 2,855 ) $ ( 744 ) $ ( 50 ) $ 0 $ 0 $ ( 9,184 ) 3 0 Table of Contents At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, other real estate owned (“OREO”) included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $ 6,331 and $ 327 , respectively. OREO consists of real estate acquired in foreclosure or other settlement of loans. Such assets are carried at the lower of the investment in the assets or the fair value of the assets less estimated selling costs. Any adjustment to the fair value at the date of transfer is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Any subsequent valuation adjustments as well as any costs relating to operating, holding or disposing of the property are recorded in other expense in the period incurred. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process was $ 788 and $ 795 , respectively. 6. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of the expected credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost to present the net amount expected to be collected as of the balance sheet date. Such allowance is based on the credit losses expected to arise over the life of the asset (contractual term). Assets are charged off when United determines that such financial assets are deemed uncollectible or based on regulatory requirements, whichever is earlier. Charge-offs are recognize d as a deduct ion from the allowance for credit losses. Expected recoveries of amounts previously charged-off, not to exceed the aggregate of the amount previously charged-off, are included in determining the necessary reserve at the balance sheet date. United made a policy election to present the accrued interest receivable balance separately in its consolidated balance sheets from the amortized cost of a loan. Accrued interest receivable was $ 93,636 and $ 87,062 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to loans and leases are included separately in “Accrued interest receivable” in the consolidated balance sheets. For all classes of loans and leases receivable, the accrual of interest is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Interest received on nonaccrual loans and leases, generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. The following table represents the accrued interest receivable as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024: Accrued Interest Receivable At June 30, 2025 At December 31, 2024 Commercial Real Estate: Owner-occupied $ 5,870 $ 4,700 Nonowner-occupied 35,520 30,582 Other Commercial 11,705 10,512 Residential Real Estate 21,780 21,662 Construction 16,452 17,174 Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 Other consumer 2,309 2,432 Total $ 93,636 $ 87,062 The following table represents the accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024: Accrued Interest Receivables Written Off by Reversing Interest Income Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 41 $ 18 $ 68 $ 186 Nonowner-occupied 88 1 100 2 Other commercial 44 6 77 675 Residential real estate 182 128 406 134 Construction & land development 163 7 207 7 Consumer: Bankcard 0 0 0 0 Other consumer 73 99 149 215 Total $ 591 $ 259 $ 1,007 $ 1,219 3 1 Table of Contents United estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level or term as well as reasonable and supportable forecast adjustments for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values or other relevant factors. A reversion to historical loss data occurs via a straight-line method during the year following the one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. United pools its loans and leases based on similar risk characteristics in estimating expected credit losses. United has identified the following portfolio segments and measures the allowance for credit losses using the following methods: • Method: Probability of Default/Loss Given Default (PD/LGD) • Commercial Real Estate Owner-Occupied • Commercial Real Estate Nonowner-Occupied • Commercial Other • Method: Cohort • Residential Real Estate • Construction & Land Development • Consumer • Bankcard Risk characteristics of commercial real estate owner-occupied loans and commercial other loans and leases are similar in that they are normally dependent upon the borrower’s internal cash flow from operations to service debt. Commercial real estate nonowner-occupied loans differ in that cash flow to service debt is normally dependent on external income from third parties for use of the real estate such as rents, leases and room rates. Residential real estate loans are dependent upon individual borrowers who are affected by changes in general economic conditions, demand for housing and resulting residential real estate valuation. Construction and land development loans are impacted mainly by demand whether for new residential housing or for retail, industrial, office and other types of commercial construction within a given area. Consumer loan pool risk characteristics are influenced by general, regional and local economic conditions. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral but may also include other non-performing loans, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. These individually evaluated loans are removed from their respective pools and typically represent collateral dependent loans. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans and leases, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications unless management has a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancelable by United. At the acquisition date, an initial allowance for expected credit losses for non-PCD loans is estimated and recorded as credit loss expense. The subsequent measurement of expected credit losses for all acquired loans is the same as the subsequent measurement of expected credit losses for originated loans. For allowance for credit losses under ASC Topic 326 calculation purposes, United includes its acquired loans and leases in their relevant pool unless they meet the criteria for specific review. 3 2 Table of Contents United maintains an allowance for loan losses and a reserve for lending-related commitments such as unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. The reserve for lending-related commitments of $ 35,819 and $ 34,911 at June 30 , 2025 and December 31 , 2024 , respectively, is separately classified on the balance sheet and is included in other liabilities. The combined allowance for loan losses and reserve for lending-related commitments is considered the allowance for credit losses. United’s allowance for loan and lease losses at June 30, 2025 increased $ 36,118 or 13.29 % from December 31, 2024. As previously mentioned, during the six months of 2025, United recorded an allowance for loan and lease losses on acquired Piedmont non-PCD loans of $ 18,726 and on acquired Piedmont PCD loans of $ 17,518 . The second quarter of 2025 qualitative adjustments include analyses of the following: • Current conditions – United considered the impact of government efficiency efforts, potential tariffs and geopolitical events when making determinations related to factor adjustments for the external environment. United also considered the impact of changes in economic and business conditions; collateral values for dependent loans; past due, nonaccrual and adversely classified loans and leases; and concentrations of credit. • Reasonable and supportable forecasts – The forecast is determined on a portfolio-by-portfolio basis by relating the correlation of real GDP and the unemployment rate to loss rates to forecasts of those variables. The reasonable and supportable forecast selection is subjective in nature and requires more judgment compared to the other components of the allowance. Assumptions for the economic variables were the following: • The forecast for real GDP adjusted downward in the second quarter, from a projection of 1.70 % for 2025 as of mid-March 2025 to 1.40 % for 2025 as of mid-June with a projection of 1.60 % for 2026. The unemployment rate forecast shifted slightly in the second quarter from a projection of 4.40 % for 2025 as of mid-March 2025 to 4.50 % for 2025 as of mid-June with a projection of 4.50 % for 2026. • Greater risk of loss in the office portfolio due to continued hybrid and remote work that may be exacerbated by future economic conditions. • Reversion to historical loss data occurs via a straight-line method during the year following the one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. A progression of the allowance for loan and lease losses, by portfolio segment, for the periods indicated is summarized as follows: Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Carrying Amount of Loans and Leases For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Residential Real Estate Construction & Land Development Bankcard Total Owner- occupied Nonowner- occupied Other Consumer Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses: Beginning balance $ 15,054 $ 92,666 $ 65,150 $ 55,007 $ 71,959 $ 829 $ 9,759 $ 310,424 Initial allowance for PCD loans (acquired during the period) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Charge-offs 0 ( 4,968 ) ( 1,251 ) ( 113 ) ( 31 ) ( 73 ) ( 2,830 ) ( 9,266 ) Recoveries 37 0 244 192 80 8 354 915 Provision ( 2,315 ) 9,173 ( 397 ) ( 3,273 ) ( 1,247 ) 141 3,807 5,889 Ending balance $ 12,776 $ 96,871 $ 63,746 $ 51,813 $ 70,761 $ 905 $ 11,090 $ 307,962 3 3 Table of Contents Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Carrying Amount of Loans and Leases For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Residential Real Estate Construction & Land Development Bankcard Total Owner- occupied Nonowner- occupied Other Consumer Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses: Beginning balance $ 11,852 $ 74,522 $ 65,105 $ 46,373 $ 63,621 $ 891 $ 9,480 $ 271,844 Initial allowance for PCD loans (acquired during the period) 795 11,059 872 208 4,584 0 0 17,518 Charge-offs ( 228 ) ( 8,086 ) ( 4,773 ) ( 387 ) ( 31 ) ( 191 ) ( 4,247 ) ( 17,943 ) Recoveries 42 48 367 238 103 19 734 1,551 Provision 315 19,328 2,175 5,381 2,484 186 5,123 34,992 Ending balance $ 12,776 $ 96,871 $ 63,746 $ 51,813 $ 70,761 $ 905 $ 11,090 $ 307,962 Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Carrying Amount of Loans and Leases For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Residential Real Estate Construction & Land Development Bankcard Total Owner- occupied Nonowner- occupied Other Consumer Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses: Beginning balance $ 11,895 $ 57,935 $ 75,007 $ 41,167 $ 59,913 $ 810 $ 12,510 $ 259,237 Charge-offs ( 116 ) ( 2,581 ) ( 3,589 ) ( 481 ) ( 29 ) ( 431 ) ( 10,303 ) ( 17,530 ) Recoveries 1,183 200 1,650 495 319 19 1,119 4,985 Provision ( 1,110 ) 18,968 ( 7,963 ) 5,192 3,418 493 6,154 25,152 Ending balance $ 11,852 $ 74,522 $ 65,105 $ 46,373 $ 63,621 $ 891 $ 9,480 $ 271,844 7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS The following is a summary of intangible assets subject to amortization and those not subject to amortization: June 30, 2025 Community Banking Total Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Amortized intangible assets: Core deposit intangible assets $ 137,929 ($ 100,981 ) $ 137,929 ($ 100,981 ) Goodwill not subject to amortization $ 2,018,910 $ 2,018,910 3 4 Table of Contents December 31, 2024 Community Banking Total Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Amortized intangible assets: Core deposit intangible assets $ 105,165 ($ 96,299 ) $ 105,165 ($ 96,299 ) Goodwill not subject to amortization $ 1,888,889 $ 1,888,889 The following table provides a reconciliation of goodwill: Community Banking Total Goodwill at December 31, 2024 $ 1,888,889 $ 1,888,889 Preliminary addition to goodwill from Piedmont acquisition 130,021 130,021 Goodwill at June 30, 2025 $ 2,018,910 $ 2,018,910 United incurred amortization expense of $ 2,341 and $ 4,682 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $ 910 and $ 1,820 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The following table sets forth the anticipated amortization expense for intangible assets for the years subsequent to 2024: Year Amount 2025 $ 9,363 2026 7,351 2027 5,060 2028 4,003 2029 3,518 2030 and thereafter 12,335 8. LEASES United determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. United and certain subsidiaries have entered into various noncancelable-operating leases for branch and loan production offices as well as operating facilities. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Presently, United does not have any finance leases. United’s operating leases are subject to renewal options under various terms. United’s operating leases have remaining terms of 1 to 15 years, some of which include options to extend leases generally for periods of 5 years. United rents or subleases certain real estate to third parties. Our sublease portfolio generally consists of operating leases to other organizations for former branch offices. 3 5 Table of Contents ROU assets represent United’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent United’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of United’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that United will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The components of lease expense were as follows: Three Months Ended Three Months Ended Classification June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Operating lease cost Net occupancy expense $ 5,128 $ 5,175 Sublease income Net occupancy expense ( 51 ) 0 Net lease cost $ 5,077 $ 5,175 Six Months Ended Six Months Ended Classification June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Operating lease cost Net occupancy expense $ 10,028 $ 10,846 Sublease income Net occupancy expense ( 101 ) ( 84 ) Net lease cost $ 9,927 $ 10,762 Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows: Classification June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Operating lease right-of-use assets Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 91,071 $ 81,742 Operating lease liabilities Operating lease liabilities $ 96,899 $ 86,771 Other information related to leases was as follows: June 30, 2025 Weighted-average remaining lease term: Operating leases 7.75 years Weighted-average discount rate: Operating leases 3.53 % Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Cash paid for amounts in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 5,099 $ 5,129 ROU assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities 8,797 1,236 Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Cash paid for amounts in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 9,971 $ 10,507 ROU assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities 12,650 4,907 Maturities of lease liabilities by year and in the aggregate, under operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more, for years subsequent to December 31, 2024, consists of the following as of June 30, 2025: Year Amount 2025 $ 9,232 2026 17,919 2027 16,435 2028 14,241 2029 12,282 Thereafter 42,017 Total lease payments 112,126 Less: imputed interest ( 15,227 ) Total $ 96,899 3 6 Table of Contents 9. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, short-term borrowings were as follows: As of June 30, 2025 As of December 31, 2024 Federal funds purchased $ 0 $ 0 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 160,798 176,090 Total short-term borrowings $ 160,798 $ 176,090 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase have not been a significant source of funds for the company. The securities sold under agreements to repurchase were accounted for as collateralized financial transactions. They were recorded at the amounts at which the securities were acquired or sold plus accrued interest. United has various unused lines of credit available from certain of its correspondent banks in the aggregate amount of $ 280,000 . These lines of credit, which bear interest at prevailing market rates, permit United to borrow funds in the overnight market, and are renewable annually subject to certain conditions. 10. LONG-TERM BORROWINGS  United’s subsidiary bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Membership in the FHLB makes available short-term and long-term borrowings from collateralized advances. All FHLB borrowings are collateralized by a mix of single-family residential mortgage loans, commercial loans and investment securities. At June 30, 2025, United had an unused borrowing amount of approximately $ 9,034,215 available subject to delivery of collateral after certain trigger points. Advances may be called by the FHLB or redeemed by United based on predefined factors and penalties. At June 30, 2025, a $ 250,000 FHLB advance with a weighted-average contractual interest rate of 4.41 % and a weighted-average effective interest rate of 0.59 % is scheduled to mature in 2025. The weighted-average effective rate considers the effect of any interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges outstanding at June 30, 2025 to manage interest rate risk on its long-term debt. The scheduled maturities of these FHLB borrowings are as follows: Year Amount 2025 $ 250,000 2026 0 2027 0 2028 0 2029 and thereafter 0 Total $ 250,000 At June 30, 2025, United had a total of twenty statutory business trusts that were formed for the purpose of issuing or participating in pools of trust preferred capital securities (“Capital Securities”) with the proceeds invested in junior subordinated debt securities (“Debentures”) of United. The Debentures, which are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness and certain other financial obligations of United, are the sole assets of the trusts and United’s payment under the Debentures is the sole source of revenue for the trusts. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the Debentures was $ 281,021 and $ 280,221 , respectively, and was included in the category of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets entitled “Other long-term borrowings.” The Capital Securities are not included as a component of shareholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. United fully and unconditionally guarantees each individual trust’s obligations under the Capital Securities. Under the provisions of the subordinated debt, United has the right to defer payment of interest on the subordinated debt at any time, or from time to time, for periods not exceeding five years . If interest payments on the subordinated debt are deferred, the dividends on the Capital Securities are also deferred. Interest on the subordinated debt is cumulative. 3 7 Table of Contents United also assumed $20,000 in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes in the Piedmont acquisition which are also included in the category of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets entitled “Other long-term borrowings.”. In accordance with the fully-phased in “Basel III Capital Rules” as published by United’s primary federal regulator, the Federal Reserve, United is unable to consider the Capital Securities or the fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes as Tier 1 capital, but rather the Capital Securities and the fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes are included as a component of United’s Tier 2 capital. United can include the Capital Securities and the fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes in its Tier 2 capital on a permanent basis. 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES Lending-related Commitments United is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers and to alter its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include loan commitments, standby letters of credit, and interest rate swap agreements. The instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the financial statements. United’s maximum exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instrument for the loan commitments and standby letters of credit is the contractual or notional amount of those instruments. United uses the same policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Collateral may be obtained, if deemed necessary, based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily, and historically do not, represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon the extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. United had approximately $ 6,252,647 and $ 5,886,473 of loan commitments outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, approximately 37% of which contractually expire within one year . Commercial and standby letters of credit are agreements used by United’s customers as a means of improving their credit standing in their dealings with others. Under these agreements, United guarantees certain financial commitments of its customers. A commercial letter of credit is issued specifically to facilitate trade or commerce. Typically, under the terms of a commercial letter of credit, a commitment is drawn upon when the underlying transaction is consummated as intended between the customer and a third party. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, United had $ 15,248 and $ 15,546 of commercial letters of credit outstanding. A standby letter of credit is generally contingent upon the failure of a customer to perform according to the terms of an underlying contract with a third party. United has issued standby letters of credit of $ 142,583 and $ 148,874 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In accordance with the Contingencies Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, United has determined that substantially all of its letters of credit are renewed on an annual basis and the fees associated with these letters of credit are immaterial. Mortgage Banking Related to its mortgage banking activities, United provides for its estimated exposure to repurchase loans previously sold to investors for which borrowers failed to provide full and accurate information on their loan application or for which appraisals have not been acceptable or where the loan was not underwritten in accordance with the loan program specified by the loan investor, and for other exposure to its investors related to loan sales activities. United evaluates the merits of each claim and estimates its reserve based on actual and expected claims received and considers the historical amounts paid to settle such claims. United’s reserve was immaterial as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. 3 8 Table of Contents United has derivative counter-party risk that may arise from the possible inability of United’s mortgage banking third party investors to meet the terms of their forward sales contracts. United works with mortgage banking third-party investors that are generally well-capitalized, are investment grade and exhibit strong financial performance to mitigate this risk. United does not expect any third-party investor to fail to meet its obligation. Legal Proceedings United and its subsidiaries are currently involved in various legal proceedings in the normal course of business. On at least a quarterly basis, United assesses its liabilities and contingencies in connection with all pending or threatened claims and litigation, utilizing the most recent information available. On a matter-by-matter basis, an accrual for loss is established for those matters which United believes it is probable that a loss may be incurred and that the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. Once established, each accrual is adjusted as appropriate to reflect any subsequent developments. Accordingly, management’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may be more or less than the current estimate. For matters where a loss is not probable, or the amount of the loss cannot be estimated, no accrual is established. Management is vigorously pursuing all its legal and factual defenses and, after consultation with legal counsel, believes that all such litigation will be resolved with no material effect on United’s financial statements. Regulatory Matters A variety of consumer products, including mortgage and deposit products, and certain fees and charges related to such products, have come under increased regulatory scrutiny. It is possible that regulatory authorities could bring enforcement actions, including civil money penalties, or take other actions against United in regard to these consumer products. United could also determine of its own accord, or be required by regulators, to refund or otherwise make remediation payments to customers in connection with these products. It is not possible at this time for management to assess the probability of a material adverse outcome or reasonably estimate the amount of any potential loss related to such matters. 12. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS United uses derivative instruments to help aid against adverse price changes or interest rate movements on the value of certain assets or liabilities and on future cash flows. These derivatives may consist of interest rate swaps, caps, floors, collars, futures, forward contracts, written and purchased options. United also executes derivative instruments with its commercial banking customers to facilitate its risk management strategies. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Fair value hedges may be eligible for offset on the consolidated balance sheets because they are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements. United has elected not to offset the assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements on the consolidated financial statements. During 2020, United entered into two interest rate swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. The notional amount of these cash flow hedge derivatives totaled $ 500,000 . The derivatives were intended to hedge the changes in cash flows associated with floating rate FHLB borrowings. One of these two interest rate swap derivatives with a notional amount of $ 250,000 matured during the third quarter of 2024. 3 9 Table of Contents As of June 30, 2025, United has determined that no forecasted transactions related to its cash flow hedges resulted in gains or losses pertaining to cash flow hedge reclassification from AOCI to income because the forecasted transactions became probable of not occurring. United estimates that $ 8,481 will be reclassified from AOCI as a decrease to interest expense over the next 12-months following June 30, 2025 related to the cash flow hedges. As of June 30, 2025, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is five years. At inception of a hedge relationship, United formally documents the hedged item, the particular risk management objective, the nature of the risk being hedged, the derivative being used, how effectiveness of the hedge will be assessed and how the ineffectiveness of the hedge will be measured. United also assesses hedge effectiveness at inception and on an ongoing basis using regression analysis. Hedge ineffectiveness is measured by using the change in fair value method. The change in fair value method compares the change in the fair value of the hedging derivative to the change in the fair value of the hedged exposure, attributable to changes in the benchmark rate. United is subject to the Dodd-Frank Act clearing requirement for eligible derivatives. United has executed and cleared eligible derivatives through the London Clearing House (“LCH”). Variation margin at the LCH is distinguished as settled-to-market and settled daily based on the prior day value, rather than collateralized-to-market. The daily settlement of the derivative exposure does not change or reset the contractual terms of the instrument. The total notional amount of interest rate swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges cleared through the LCH include $ 250,000 for asset derivatives as of June 30, 2025. Balances related to LCH are presented as a single unit of account with the fair value of the designated cash flow interest rate swap asset being reduced by variation margin posted by (with) the applicable counterparty and reported in the following table on a net basis. The related fair value on a net basis approximates zero . United enters into interest rate lock commitments to finance residential mortgage loans with its customers. These commitments, which contain fixed expiration dates, offer the borrower an interest rate guarantee provided the loan meets underwriting guidelines and closes within the timeframe established by United. Interest rate risk arises on these commitments and subsequently closed loans if interest rates change between the time of the interest rate lock and the delivery of the loan to the investor. Market risk on interest rate lock commitments and mortgage loans held for sale is managed using corresponding forward mortgage loan sales contracts. United is a party to these forward mortgage loan sales contracts to sell loans with servicing released and short sales of mortgage-backed securities. When the interest rate is locked with the borrower, the rate lock commitment, forward sale agreement, and mortgage-backed security position are undesignated derivatives and marked to fair value through earnings. The fair value of the rate lock derivative is measured using valuations from investors for loans with similar characteristics as well as considering the probability of the loan closing (i.e. the “pull-through” rate) with some adjusted for the Company’s actual sales experience versus the investor’s indicated pricing. Fair values of TBA mortgage-backed securities are measured using valuations from investors for mortgage-backed securities with similar characteristics. Income from mortgage banking activities includes the gain recognized for the period presented and associated elements of fair value. The following tables disclose the derivative instruments’ location on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the notional amount and fair value of those instruments at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Asset Derivatives June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Fair Value Hedges: Interest rate swap contracts (hedging commercial loans) Other assets $ 10,123 $ 386 Other assets $ 10,770 $ 644 Total Fair Value Hedges $ 10,123 $ 386 $ 10,770 $ 644 Cash Flow Hedges: Interest rate swap contracts (hedging FHLB borrowings) Other assets $ 250,000 $ 0 Other assets $ 250,000 $ 0 Total Cash Flow Hedges $ 250,000 $ 0 $ 250,000 $ 0 Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ 260,123 $ 386 $ 260,770 $ 644 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Forward loan sales commitments Other assets $ 5,595 $ 45 Other assets $ 0 $ 0 TBA mortgage-backed securities Other assets 0 0 Other assets 54,826 278 Interest rate lock commitments Other assets 37,558 1,019 Other assets 21,553 339 Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 43,153 $ 1,064 $ 76,379 $ 617 Total asset derivatives $ 303,276 $ 1,450 $ 337,149 $ 1,261 40 Table of Contents Liability Derivatives June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Fair Value Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments TBA mortgage-backed securities Other liabilities $ 61,546 $ 563 Other liabilities $ 0 $ 0 Forward loan sales commitments Other liabilities 0 0 Other liabilities 3,186 20 Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 61,546 $ 563 $ 3,186 $ 20 Total liability derivatives $ 61,546 $ 563 $ 3,186 $ 20 The following table represents the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) and the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) that are designated as a fair value accounting relationship as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location in the Statement of Condition June 30, 2025 Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/ (Liabilities) Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Remaining for any Hedged Assets/ (Liabilities) for which Hedge Accounting has been Discontinued Interest rate swaps Loans, net of unearned income $ 10,123 $ ( 402 ) $ 0 Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships Location in the Statement of Condition December 31, 2024 Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/ (Liabilities) Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Remaining for any Hedged Assets/ (Liabilities) for which Hedge Accounting has been Discontinued Interest rate swaps Loans, net of unearned income $ 10,770 $ ( 657 ) $ 0 Derivative contracts involve the risk of dealing with both bank customers and institutional derivative counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. Credit risk arises from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. United’s exposure is limited to the replacement value of the contracts rather than the notional amount of the contract. The Company’s agreements generally contain provisions that limit the unsecured exposure up to an agreed upon threshold. Additionally, the Company attempts to minimize credit risk through certain approval processes established by management. 4 1 Table of Contents The effect of United’s derivative financial instruments on its unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are presented as follows: Three Months Ended Income Statement Location June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Derivatives in hedging relationships Cash flow Hedges: Interest rate swap contracts Interest on long-term borrowings $ 2,465 $ 6,386 Fair Value Hedges: Interest rate swap contracts Interest and fees on loans $ ( 1 ) $ 1 Total derivatives in hedging relationships $ 2,464 $ 6,387 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Forward loan sales commitments Income from Mortgage Banking Activities $ 39 $ ( 4 ) TBA mortgage-backed securities Income from Mortgage Banking Activities ( 403 ) 80 Interest rate lock commitments Income from Mortgage Banking Activities 0 ( 259 ) Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ ( 364 ) $ ( 183 ) Total derivatives $ 2,100 $ 6,204 Six Months Ended Income Statement Location June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Derivatives in hedging relationships Cash flow Hedges: Interest rate swap contracts Interest on long-term borrowings $ 4,917 $ 12,738 Fair Value Hedges: Interest rate swap contracts Interest and fees on loans $ ( 3 ) $ 6 Total derivatives in hedging relationships $ 4,914 $ 12,744 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Forward loan sales commitments Income from Mortgage Banking Activities $ 64 $ ( 93 ) TBA mortgage-backed securities Income from Mortgage Banking Activities ( 841 ) 751 Interest rate lock commitments Income from Mortgage Banking Activities 335 ( 7 ) Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ ( 442 ) $ 651 Total derivatives $ 4,472 $ 13,395 For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, changes in the fair value of any interest rate swaps attributed to hedge ineffectiveness were recorded, but not significant to United’s Consolidated Statements of Income. 13. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS United determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established in ASC Topic 820, which also clarifies that fair value of certain assets and li abilities is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. ASC Topic 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect United’s market assumptions. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy based on these two types of inputs are as follows: Level 1   - Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. 4 2 Table of Contents Level 2   - Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market. Level 3   - Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, United looks to active and observable markets to price identical assets or liabilities whenever possible and classifies such items in Level 1. When identical assets and liabilities are not traded in active markets, United looks to market observable data for similar assets and liabilities and classifies such items as Level 2. Nevertheless, certain assets and liabilities are not actively traded in observable markets and United must use alternative valuation techniques using unobservable inputs to determine a fair value and classifies such items as Level 3. For assets and liabilities that are not actively traded, the fair value measurement is based primarily upon estimates that require significant judgment. Therefore, the results may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability. Additionally, there are inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results of current or future values. The level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant in the fair value measurement. In accordance with ASC Topic 820, the following describes the valuation techniques used by United to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements. Securities available for sale and equity securities : Securities available for sale and equity securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (“Level 1”). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Using a market approach valuation methodology, third party vendors compile prices based on observable market inputs, which include benchmark yields, reported trades, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, and “To Be Announced” prices (“Level 2”). Management internally reviews the fair values provided by third party vendors on a monthly basis. Management also performs a quarterly price testing analysis at the individual security level which compares the pricing provided by the third party vendors to an independent pricing source’s valuation of the same securities. Variances that are deemed to be material are reviewed by management. Additionally, to further assess the reliability of the information received from third party vendors, management obtains documentation from third party vendors related to the sources, methodologies, and inputs utilized in valuing securities classified as Level 2. Management analyzes this information to ensure the underlying assumptions appear reasonable. Management also obtains an independent service auditor’s report from third party vendors to provide reasonable assurance that appropriate controls are in place over the valuation process. Upon completing its review of the pricing from third party vendors at June 30, 2025, management determined that the prices provided by its third party pricing sources were reasonable and in line with management’s expectations for the market values of these securities. Therefore, prices obtained from third party vendors that did not reflect forced liquidation or distressed sales were not adjusted materially by management at June 30, 2025. Management utilizes a number of factors to determine if a market is inactive, all of which may require a significant level of judgment. Factors that management considers include: a significant widening of the bid-ask spread, a considerable decline in the volume and level of trading activity in the instrument, a significant variance in prices among market participants, and a significant reduction in the level of observable inputs. Any securities available for sale not valued based upon quoted market prices or third party pricing models that consider observable market data are considered Level 3. Currently, United does not have any available-for-sale securities considered as Level 3. Loans held for sale : For residential mortgage loans sold, the loans closed are recorded at fair value using the fair value option which is measured using valuations from investors for loans with similar characteristics (“Level 2”) with some adjusted for the Company’s actual sales experience versus the investor’s indicated pricing (“Level 3”). The unobservable input for Level 3 valuations is the Company’s historical sales prices. For June 30, 2025, the range of historical sales prices increased the investor’s indicated pricing by a range of 0.10 % to 0.48 % with a weighted average increase of 0.11 %. 4 3 Table of Contents Derivatives : United utilizes interest rate swaps to hedge exposure to interest rate risk and variability of cash flows associated to changes in the underlying interest rate of the hedged item. These hedging interest rate swaps are classified as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. United utilizes third-party vendors for derivative valuation purposes. These vendors determine the appropriate fair value based on a net present value calculation of the cash flows related to the interest rate swaps using primarily observable market inputs such as interest rate yield curves (“Level 2”). Valuation adjustments to derivative fair values for liquidity and credit risk are also taken into consideration, as well as the likelihood of default by United and derivative counterparties, the net counterparty exposure and the remaining maturities of the positions. Values obtained from third party vendors are typically not adjusted by management. Management internally reviews the derivative values provided by third party vendors on a quarterly basis. All derivative values are tested for reasonableness by management utilizing a net present value calculation. For a fair value hedge, the fair value of the interest rate swap is recognized on the balance sheet as either a freestanding asset or liability with a corresponding adjustment to the hedged financial instrument. Subsequent adjustments due to changes in the fair value of a derivative that qualifies as a fair value hedge are offset in current period earnings either in interest income or interest expense depending on the nature of the hedged financial instrument. For a cash flow hedge, the fair value of the interest rate swap is recognized on the balance sheet as either a freestanding asset or liability with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity, net of tax. Subsequent adjustments due to changes in the fair value of a derivative that qualifies as a cash flow hedge are offset to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax and reclassified into earnings in the same line associated with the forecasted transaction when the forecasted transaction affects earnings. The Company records its interest rate lock commitments and forward loan sales commitments at fair value determined as the amount that would be required to settle each of these derivative financial instruments at the balance sheet date. In the normal course of business, United enters into contractual interest rate lock commitments to extend credit to borrowers with fixed expiration dates. The commitments become effective when the borrowers “lock-in” a specified interest rate within the timeframes established by the mortgage companies. All borrowers are evaluated for credit worthiness prior to the extension of the commitment. Interest rate risk arises if interest rates move adversely between the time of the interest rate lock by the borrower and the sale date of the loan to the investor. To mitigate the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments to borrowers, United enters into either a forward sales contract to sell loans to investors or a TBA mortgage-backed security. Fair values of TBA mortgage-backed securities are measured using valuations from investors for mortgage-backed securities with similar characteristics (“Level 2”). The forward sales contracts lock in an interest rate and price for the sale of loans similar to the specific rate lock commitments. These valuations fall into a Level 2 category. The interest rate lock commitments are recorded at fair value which is measured using valuations from investors for loans with similar characteristics (“Level 2”) with some adjusted for the Company’s actual sales experience versus the investor’s indicated pricing (“Level 3”). The unobservable input for Level 3 valuations is the Company’s historical sales prices. For June 30, 2025, the range of historical sales prices increased the investor’s indicated pricing by a range of 0.10 % to 0.48 % with a weighted average increase of 0.11 %. For derivatives that are not designated in a hedge relationship, changes in the fair value of the derivatives are recognized in income from mortgage banking activities in the same period as the change in the fair value. Unrealized gains and losses due to changes in the fair value of other derivative financial instruments not in hedge relationships are included in noninterest income and noninterest expense, respectively. 4 4 Table of Contents The following tables present the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy. Fair Value at June 30, 2025 Using Description Balance as of June 30, 2025 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets Available for sale debt securities: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies $ 314,399 $ 0 $ 314,399 $ 0 State and political subdivisions 510,177 0 510,177 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities Agency 1,196,997 0 1,196,997 0 Non-agency 81,963 0 81,963 0 Commercial mortgage-backed securities Agency 401,529 0 401,529 0 Asset-backed securities 317,992 0 317,992 0 Single issue trust preferred securities 12,053 0 12,053 0 Other corporate securities 238,961 4,828 234,133 0 Total available for sale securities 3,074,071 4,828 3,069,243 0 Equity securities: Financial services industry 13,356 13,356 0 0 Equity mutual funds (1) 3,386 3,386 0 0 Other equity securities 5,254 5,254 0 0 Total equity securities 21,996 21,996 0 0 Loans held for sale 37,053 0 0 37,053 Derivative financial assets: Interest rate swap contracts 386 0 386 0 Forward loan sales commitments 45 0 0 45 Interest rate lock commitments 1,019 0 0 1,019 Total derivative financial assets 1,450 0 386 1,064 Liabilities Derivative financial liabilities: TBA mortgage-backed securities 563 0 0 563 Total derivative financial liabilities 563 0 0 563 Fair Value at December 31, 2024 Using Description Balance as of December 31, 2024 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets Available for sale debt securities: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies $ 245,842 $ 0 $ 245,842 $ 0 State and political subdivisions 495,073 0 495,073 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities Agency 1,059,719 0 1,059,719 0 Non-agency 82,123 0 82,123 0 Commercial mortgage-backed securities Agency 329,986 0 329,986 0 Asset-backed securities 474,982 0 474,982 0 4 5 Table of Contents Fair Value at December 31, 2024 Using Description Balance as of December 31, 2024 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Single issue trust preferred securities 11,919 0 11,919 0 Other corporate securities 260,075 4,965 255,110 0 Total available for sale securities 2,959,719 4,965 2,954,754 0 Equity securities: Financial services industry 12,504 12,504 0 0 Equity mutual funds (1) 3,394 3,394 0 0 Fixed income mutual funds 5,160 5,160 0 0 Total equity securities 21,058 21,058 0 0 Loans held for sale 44,360 0 0 44,360 Derivative financial assets: Interest rate swap contracts 644 0 644 0 TBA mortgage-backed securities 278 0 0 278 Interest rate lock commitments 339 0 0 339 Total derivative financial assets 1,261 0 644 617 Liabilities Derivative financial liabilities: Forward loan sales commitments 20 0 0 20 Total derivative financial liabilities 20 0 0 20 (1) The equity mutual funds are within a rabbi trust for the payment of benefits under a deferred compensation plan for certain key officers of United and its subsidiaries. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024. The following tables present additional information about financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 on a recurring basis and for which United has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value. The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to assets still held at the reporting date are recorded in Income from mortgage banking activities in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities June 30, 2025 Loans Held for Sale TBA Securities Forward Sales Commitments Interest Rate Lock Commitments TBA Securities Forward Sales Commitments Balance, beginning of period $ 44,360 $ 278 $ 0 $ 339 $ 0 $ 20 Originations 192,494 0 0 0 0 0 Sales ( 204,883 ) 0 0 0 0 0 Transfers other 0 ( 278 ) 45 680 563 ( 20 ) Total gains during the period recognized in earnings 5,082 0 0 0 0 0 Balance, end of period $ 37,053 $ 0 $ 45 $ 1,019 $ 563 $ 0 The amount of total (losses) gains for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at reporting date $ 400 $ 0 $ 45 $ 1,019 $ 563 $ 0 4 6 Table of Contents Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities December 31, 2024 Loans Held for Sale TBA Securities Forward Sales Commitments Interest Rate Lock Commitments TBA Securities Forward Sales Commitments Balance, beginning of period $ 51,978 $ 0 $ 33 $ 1,005 $ 667 $ 0 Originations 607,383 0 0 0 0 0 Sales ( 630,244 ) 0 0 0 0 0 Transfers other 0 278 ( 33 ) ( 666 ) ( 667 ) 20 Total gains during the period recognized in earnings 15,243 0 0 0 0 0 Balance, end of period $ 44,360 $ 278 $ 0 $ 339 $ 0 $ 20 The amount of total (losses) gains for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at reporting date $ ( 1,133 ) $ 278 $ 0 $ 339 $ 0 $ 20 Fair Value Option The following table reflects the change in fair value included in earnings of financial instruments for which the fair value option has been elected: Description Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Income from mortgage banking activities $ 292 $ 249 Description Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Income from mortgage banking activities $ 400 $ ( 587 ) No loans held for sale were past due or on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. 4 7 Table of Contents The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the remaining contractual principal outstanding for financial instruments for which the fair value option has been elected: June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Description Unpaid Principal Balance Fair Value Fair Value Over/(Under) Unpaid Principal Balance Unpaid Principal Balance Fair Value Fair Value Over/(Under) Unpaid Principal Balance Loans held for sale $ 35,979 $ 37,053 $ 1,074 $ 43,686 $ 44,360 $ 674 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. The following describes the valuation techniques used by United to measure certain financial assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements. Individually assessed loans : In the determination of the allowance for loan losses, loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Fair value is measured using a market approach based on the value of the collateral securing the loans. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using comparable property sales (“Level 2”). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the real estate property is over two years old, then the fair value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (“Level 3”). For individually assessed loans, a specific reserve is established through the allowance for loan losses, if necessary, by estimating the fair value of the underlying collateral on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for credit losses expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. OREO : OREO consists of real estate acquired in foreclosure or other settlement of loans. Such assets are carried on the balance sheet at the lower of the investment in the assets or the fair value of the assets less estimated selling costs. Fair value is determined by one of two market approach methods depending on whether the property has been vacated and an appraisal can be conducted. If the property has yet to be vacated and thus an appraisal cannot be performed, a Brokers Price Opinion (i.e. BPO), is obtained. A BPO represents a best estimate valuation performed by a realtor based on knowledge of current property values and a visual examination of the exterior condition of the property. Once the property is subsequently vacated, a formal appraisal is obtained and the recorded asset value appropriately adjusted. On the other hand, if the OREO property has been vacated and an appraisal can be conducted, the fair value of the property is determined based upon the appraisal using a market approach. An authorized independent appraiser conducts appraisals for United. Appraisals for property other than ongoing construction are based on consideration of comparable property sales (“Level 2”). In contrast, valuation of ongoing construction assets requires some degree of professional judgment. In conducting an appraisal for ongoing construction property, the appraiser develops two appraised amounts: an “as is” appraised value and a “completed” value. Based on professional judgment and their knowledge of the particular situation, management determines the appropriate fair value to be utilized for such property (“Level 3”). As a matter of policy, valuations are reviewed at least annually and appraisals are generally updated on a bi-annual basis with values lowered as necessary. Intangible Assets : For United, intangible assets consist of goodwill and core deposit intangibles. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually or sooner if indicators of impairment exist. United may elect to perform a qualitative analysis to determine whether or not it is more-likely-than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If United elects to bypass this qualitative analysis, or concludes via qualitative analysis that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, United may use either a market or income quantitative approach to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an 48 Table of Contents impairment charge would be recorded for the difference, not to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. At each reporting date, the Company considers potential indicators of impairment. United performed its annual goodwill impairment test on the Company’s reporting units as of September 30, 2024. The goodwill impairment test did not identify any goodwill impairment. In subsequent periods, economic uncertainty, market volatility and the performance of the Company’s stock as well as possible other impairment indicators could cause us to perform a goodwill impairment test which could result in an impairment charge being recorded for that period if the carrying value of goodwill was found to exceed fair value. Core deposit intangibles relate to the estimated value of the deposit base of acquired institutions. Management reviews core deposit intangible assets on an annual basis, or sooner if indicators of impairment exist, and evaluates changes in facts and circumstances that may indicate impairment in the carrying value. Other than those intangible assets recorded in the acquisition of Piedmont in the first six months of 2025, no other fair value measurement of intangible assets was made during the three and six months of 2025 and 2024. The following table summarizes United’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period: Description Balance as of June 30, 2025 Fair Value at June 30, 2025 YTD Gains (Losses) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets Individually assessed loans $ 77,759 $ 0 $ 23,516 $ 54,243 $ 127 OREO 6,331 0 6,331 0 ( 55 ) Description Balance as of December 31, 2024 Fair Value at December 31, 2024 YTD Gains (Losses) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets Individually assessed loans $ 40,701 $ 0 $ 21,725 $ 18,976 $ ( 231 ) OREO 327 0 240 87 0 Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The following methods and assumptions were used by United in estimating its fair value disclosures for other financial instruments: Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximate those assets’ fair values. Securities held to maturity and other securities : The estimated fair values of securities held to maturity are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data. Any securities held to maturity, not valued based upon the methods above, are valued based on a discounted cash flow methodology using appropriately adjusted discount rates reflecting nonperformance and liquidity risks. Other securities consist mainly of shares of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock as well as investment tax credits that do not have readily determinable fair values and are carried at cost. 49 Table of Contents Loans and leases : The fair values of certain mortgage loans (e.g., one-to-four family residential), credit card loans, and other consumer loans are based on quoted market prices of similar loans sold in conjunction with securitization transactions, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics. The fair values of other loans and leases (e.g., commercial real estate and rental property mortgage loans, commercial and industrial loans, financial institution loans and agricultural loans) are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market interest rates currently being offered for loans and leases with similar terms to borrowers of similar creditworthiness, which include adjustments for liquidity concerns. For acquired PCD loans, fair value is assumed to equal United’s carrying value, which represents the present value of expected future principal and interest cash flows, as adjusted for any Allowance for Credit Losses recorded for these loans. Deposits : The fair values of demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, regular savings and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). The carrying amounts of variable-rate, fixed-term money market accounts and certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date. Fair values of fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits. Short-term Borrowings: The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased, borrowings under repurchase agreements and any other short-term borrowings approximate their fair values. Long-term Borrowings: The fair values of United’s Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings and trust preferred securities are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on United’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. Summary of Fair Values for All Financial Instruments The estimated fair values of United’s financial instruments are summarized below: Fair Value Measurements Carrying Amount Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) June 30, 2025 Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,314,692 $ 2,314,692 $ 0 $ 2,314,692 $ 0 Securities available for sale 3,074,071 3,074,071 4,828 3,069,243 0 Securities held to maturity 1,002 1,020 0 0 1,020 Equity securities 21,996 21,996 21,996 0 0 Other securities 299,584 284,605 0 0 284,605 Loans held for sale 37,053 37,053 0 0 37,053 Net loans 23,742,260 23,569,726 0 0 23,569,726 Derivative financial assets 1,450 1,450 0 386 1,064 Deposits 26,335,874 26,295,257 0 26,295,257 0 Short-term borrowings 160,798 160,798 0 160,798 0 Long-term borrowings 551,021 517,952 0 517,952 0 Derivative financial liabilities 563 563 0 0 563 December 31, 2024 Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,292,244 $ 2,292,244 $ 0 $ 2,292,244 $ 0 Securities available for sale 2,959,719 2,959,719 4,965 2,954,754 0 Securities held to maturity 1,002 1,020 0 0 1,020 Equity securities 21,058 21,058 21,058 0 0 Other securities 277,517 263,641 0 0 263,641 Loans held for sale 44,360 44,360 0 0 44,360 Net loans 21,401,649 20,868,239 0 0 20,868,239 5 0 Table of Contents Fair Value Measurements Carrying Amount Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Derivative financial assets 1,261 1,261 0 644 617 Deposits 23,961,859 23,922,063 0 23,922,063 0 Short-term borrowings 176,090 176,090 0 176,090 0 Long-term borrowings 540,420 505,305 0 505,305 0 Derivative financial liabilities 20 20 0 0 20 14. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION On May 14, 2025, United’s shareholders approved the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (“2025 EIP”), becoming effective on that date. The 2025 EIP replaces United’s 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2020 LTI Plan”). An award granted under the 2025 EIP may consist of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance based stock awards, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based or equity-related awards. These awards all relate to the common stock of United. The maximum number of shares of United common stock which may be issued under the 2025 EIP is 3,000,000 . The 2025 EIP will be administered by the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board (the “Committee”). Subject to certain change in control provisions, all awards are subject to a minimum vesting schedule of at least twelve months following the date of grant of such award, except that 5 % of the shares available for grant under the 2025 EIP may be granted with a shorter minimum vesting period. Awards under the 2025 EIP will be subject to the terms of the Company’s Compensation Recoupment Policy and any other clawback or recapture policy that the Company may adopt from time to time and, in accordance with such policy, may be subject to the requirement that the awards be repaid to the Company after they have been distributed to the grantee. A Form S-8 was filed on May 30, 2025 with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register all the shares which were available for issuance under the 2025 EIP Plan. During the first six months of 2025, a total of 184,515 shares of restricted stock and 256,385 of restricted stock units were granted under the 2020 LTI Plan. No non-qualified stock options were granted under the 2020 LTI Plan during the first six months of 2025. Compensation expense of $ 3,384 and $ 6,259 related to the all share-based grants and awards under United’s Long-Term Incentive Plans was incurred for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, as compared to compensation expense of $ 3,004 and $ 6,270 related to the all share-based grants and awards under United’s Long-Term Incentive Plans for the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively. Compensation expense was included in employee compensation in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. Stock Options As of June 30, 2025, no stock option awards have been granted under the 2025 EIP. United does have options outstanding from various other option plans (the “Prior Plans”); however, no common shares of United stock are available for grants under the Prior Plans as these plans have expired. Awards outstanding under the Prior Plans will remain in effect in accordance with their respective terms. The maximum term for options granted under the plans is ten ( 10 ) years. A summary of activity under United’s stock option plans as of June 30, 2025, and the changes during the first six months of 2025 are presented below: Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Weighted Average Aggregate Remaining Intrinsic Contractual Exercise Shares Value Term (Yrs.) Price Outstanding at January 1, 2025 1,049,668 $ 36.29 Exercised ( 10,394 ) 31.66 Forfeited or expired ( 17,942 ) 38.14 Outstanding at June 30, 2025 1,021,332 $ 2,687 2.8 $ 36.30 Exercisable at June 30, 2025 1,021,332 $ 2,687 2.8 $ 36.30 51 Table of Contents During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, 10,394 and 31,138 shares, respectively, were issued in connection with stock option exercises. All shares issued in connection with stock option exercises for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were issued from authorized and unissued stock. The total intrinsic value of options exercised under the Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $ 63 and $ 254 respectively. As of June 30, 2025, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock option awards. 52 Table of Contents Restricted Stock As of June 30, 2025, no restricted stock awards have been granted under the 2025 EIP. Under the 2020 LTI Plan, United awarded restricted common shares to key employees and non-employee directors. Restricted shares granted to participants vested no sooner than 1/3 per year over the first three anniversaries of the award. Recipients of restricted shares did not pay any consideration to United for the shares, had the right to vote all shares subject to such grant and received all dividends with respect to such shares, whether or not the shares have vested. Presently, these nonvested participating securities have an immaterial impact on diluted earnings per share. Under the 2025 EIP, recipients of restricted shares will still not pay any consideration to United for the shares and still have the right to vote all shares subject to such grant, whether or not the shares have vested. However, in a change from the 2020 LTI Plan, any dividends paid upon any restricted stock granted under the 2025 EIP, during the period of restriction, will be retained by the Company and will be paid to the relevant grantee (without interest) when the restricted stock vests and will revert back to the Company if for any reason the restricted stock upon which such dividends were paid reverts back to the Company. As of June 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock awards was $ 10,080 with a weighted-average expense recognition period of 1.4 years. The following summarizes the changes to United’s nonvested restricted common shares for the period ended June 30, 2025: Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Nonvested at January 1, 2025 310,027 $ 36.58 Granted 184,515 36.77 Vested ( 149,712 ) 36.95 Forfeited ( 9,389 ) 36.54 Nonvested at June 30, 2025 335,441 $ 36.52 Restricted Stock Units As of June 30, 2025, no restricted stock units have been granted under the 2025 EIP. Under the 2020 LTI Plan, United granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to key employees. These awards helped align the interests of these employees with the interests of the shareholders of United by providing economic value directly related to the performance of the Company. These RSU grants were time-vested RSUs, performance-vested RSUs, or a combination of both. Currently, time-vested RSUs vest ratably over three years from the date of grant. Performance-vested RSUs cliff-vest after assessment of the Company’s performance over a period of three years. The number of performance-vested RSUs that vest is determined by two metrics measured relative to peers: Return on Average Tangible Common Equity (“ROATCE”) and Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”). Based on ASC Topic 718, the ROATCE comparison is considered a performance condition while the TSR comparison is considered a market condition. There will be no payout of the performance-vested awards if the threshold performance is not achieved. United communicates the specific threshold, target, and maximum performance-vested RSU awards and performance targets to the applicable key employees at the beginning of a performance period. Dividends are accrued but not paid in respect to the awards until the RSUs vest. The holder does not have the right to vote the shares during the time and performance periods. The value of the time-vested RSUs and the performance-vested, based on the performance condition, RSUs awarded is established as the fair market value of the stock at the time of the grant. The value of the performance-vested, based on the market condition, RSUs awarded is estimated through the use of a Monte Carlo valuation model as of the grant date. The Company recognizes expense on the RSUs in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The following table summarizes the status of United’s nonvested RSUs during the first six months of 2025: Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Nonvested at January 1, 2025 490,119 $ 35.41 Granted 256,385 35.35 Vested ( 148,597 ) 35.81 Forfeited or expired ( 2,422 ) 36.26 Nonvested at June 30, 2025 595,485 $ 35.28 As of June 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units was $ 13,399 with a weighted-average expense recognition period of 1.7 years. 53 Table of Contents 15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS United has a defined benefit retirement plan covering qualified employees hired prior to October 1, 2007. Pension benefits are based on years of service and the average of the employee’s highest five consecutive plan years of basic compensation paid during the ten plan years preceding the date of determination. Contributions are intended to provide not only for benefits attributed to service to date, but also for those expected to be earned in the future. No discretionary contributions were made during the second quarter or first six months of 2025 and 2024. Included in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2024 are unrecognized actuarial losses of $ 17,884 ($ 9,645 net of tax) that have not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost. Net periodic pension cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included the following components: Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Service cost $ 348 $ 390 $ 692 $ 781 Interest cost 1,835 1,719 3,650 3,438 Expected return on plan assets ( 2,751 ) ( 2,650 ) ( 5,472 ) ( 5,300 ) Recognized net actuarial loss 0 549 0 1,099 Net periodic pension (benefit) cost $ ( 568 ) $ 8 $ ( 1,130 ) $ 18 Weighted-average assumptions: Discount Rate 5.76 % 5.07 % 5.76 % 5.07 % Expected return on assets 6.15 % 6.25 % 6.15 % 6.25 % Rate of Compensation Increase (prior to age 40) 6.00 % 5.00 % 6.00 % 5.00 % Rate of Compensation Increase (ages 40-49) 5.50 % n/a 5.50 % n/a Rate of Compensation Increase (ages 40-54) n/a 4.00 % n/a 4.00 % Rate of Compensation Increase (ages 50-54) 5.00 % n/a 5.00 % n/a Rate of Compensation Increase (ages 55-64) 4.00 % n/a 4.00 % n/a Rate of Compensation Increase (otherwise) 3.00 % 3.50 % 3.00 % 3.50 % 16. INCOME TAXES United records a liability for uncertain income tax positions based on a recognition threshold of more-likely-than-not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken on a tax return, in order for those tax positions to be recognized in the financial statements. As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, the total amount of accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions was $ 704 and $ 800 , respectively. United accounts for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of its provision for federal and state income taxes. United is currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 and certain State Taxing authorities for the years ended December 31, 2021 through 2023. United’s effective tax rate was 20.62 % and 20.85 % for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, and 16.36 % and 18.02 % for the second quarter and first six months of 2024. United’s effective tax rate was 21.16 % for the first quarter of 2025. 5 4 Table of Contents 17. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME The components of total comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30 June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net Income $ 120,721 $ 96,507 $ 205,027 $ 183,321 Available for sale (“AFS”) securities: Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on AFS securities arising during the period 19,134 ( 4,238 ) 62,717 ( 7,357 ) Related income tax effect ( 4,573 ) 987 ( 14,989 ) 1,714 Net reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income 0 7,062 0 7,062 Related income tax effect 0 ( 1,645 ) 0 ( 1,645 ) Net effect of AFS securities on other comprehensive income 14,561 2,166 47,728 ( 226 ) Cash flow hedge derivatives: Unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedge before reclassification to interest expense ( 1,846 ) 2,700 ( 5,008 ) 9,909 Related income tax effect 441 ( 629 ) 1,197 ( 2,309 ) Net reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income ( 2,465 ) ( 6,386 ) ( 4,917 ) ( 12,738 ) Related income tax effect 589 1,488 1,175 2,968 Net effect of cash flow hedge derivatives on other comprehensive income ( 3,281 ) ( 2,827 ) ( 7,553 ) ( 2,170 ) Defined benefit pension plan: Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net income 0 549 0 1,099 Related income tax benefit 0 ( 125 ) 0 ( 251 ) Net effect of change in defined benefit pension plan asset on other comprehensive income 0 424 0 848 Total change in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 11,280 ( 237 ) 40,175 ( 1,548 ) Total Comprehensive Income $ 132,001 $ 96,270 $ 245,202 $ 181,773 The components of accumulated other comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are as follows: Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) by Component (a) For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Unrealized Gains/Losses on AFS Securities Unrealized Gains/Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Defined Benefit Pension Items Total Balance at January 1, 2025 $ ( 247,964 ) $ 33,706 $ ( 9,645 ) $ ( 223,903 ) Other comprehensive income before reclassification 47,728 ( 3,811 ) 0 43,917 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 0 ( 3,742 ) 0 ( 3,742 ) Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 47,728 ( 7,553 ) 0 40,175 Balance at June 30, 2025 $ ( 200,236 ) $ 26,153 $ ( 9,645 ) $ ( 183,728 ) (a) All amounts are net-of-tax. United has adopted the portfolio approach for purposes of releasing residual tax effects within AOCI. Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Details about AOCI Components Amount Reclassified from AOCI Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented Cash flow hedge: Net reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income $ ( 4,917 ) Interest expense ( 4,917 ) Total before tax Related income tax effect 1,175 Tax expense ( 3,742 ) Net of tax Total reclassifications for the period $ ( 3,742 ) 55 Table of Contents 18. EARNINGS PER SHARE The reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic earnings per share with that of diluted earnings per share is presented as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30 June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Distributed earnings allocated to common stock $ 52,402 $ 49,904 $ 105,913 $ 100,278 Undistributed earnings allocated to common stock 68,046 46,386 98,660 82,627 Net earnings allocated to common shareholders $ 120,448 $ 96,290 $ 204,573 $ 182,905 Average common shares outstanding 142,206,539 135,137,901 142,175,506 134,881,314 Equivalents from stock options 237,958 176,884 290,037 221,974 Average diluted shares outstanding 142,444,497 135,314,785 142,465,543 135,103,288 Earnings per basic common share $ 0.85 $ 0.71 $ 1.44 $ 1.36 Earnings per diluted common share $ 0.85 $ 0.71 $ 1.44 $ 1.35 Antidilutive stock options and restricted stock outstanding of 567,520 and 1,003,456 for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, were excluded from the earnings per diluted com mo n share calculation as compared to 1,025,677 and 1,321,544 for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. 19. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES Variable interest entities (“VIEs”) are entities that either have a total equity investment that is insufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or whose equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest (i.e., ability to make significant decisions, through voting rights, right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, and obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity). VIEs can be structured as corporations, trusts, partnerships, or other legal entities. United’s business practices include relationships with certain VIEs. For United, the business purpose of these relationships primarily consists of funding activities in the form of issuing trust preferred securities. United currently sponsors twenty statutory business trusts that were created for the purpose of raising funds that originally qualified for Tier I regulatory capital. As previously discussed, these trusts now are considered Tier II regulatory capital. These trusts, of which several were acquired through bank acquisitions, issued or participated in pools of trust preferred capital securities to third-party investors with the proceeds invested in junior subordinated debt securities of United. The Company, through a small capital contribution, owns 100 % of the voting equity shares of each trust. The assets, liabilities, operations, and cash flows of each trust are solely related to the issuance, administration, and repayment of the preferred equity securities held by third-party investors. United fully and unconditionally guarantees the obligations of each trust and is obligated to redeem the junior subordinated debentures upon maturity. 5 6 Table of Contents As defined in applicable accounting standards, VIEs are entities that lack one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. A controlling financial interest in a VIE is present when an enterprise has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The enterprise with a controlling financial interest, known as the primary beneficiary, consolidates the VIE. United’s wholly owned and indirect wholly owned statutory trust subsidiaries are VIEs for which United is not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, its accounts are not included in United’s consolidated financial statements. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, United’s investment (maximum exposure to loss) in these trusts were $ 12,457 and $ 12,238 , respectively. Information related to United’s statutory trusts is presented in the table below: Description Issuance Date Amount of Capital Securities Issued Stated Interest Rate (1) Maturity Date United Statutory Trust III December 17, 2003 $ 20,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 2.85% December 17, 2033 United Statutory Trust IV December 19, 2003 $ 25,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 2.85% January 23, 2034 United Statutory Trust V July 12, 2007 $ 50,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 1.55% October 1, 2037 United Statutory Trust VI September 20, 2007 $ 30,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 1.30% December 15, 2037 Premier Statutory Trust II September 25, 2003 $ 6,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 3.10% October 8, 2033 Premier Statutory Trust III May 16, 2005 $ 8,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 1.74% June 15, 2035 Premier Statutory Trust IV June 20, 2006 $ 14,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 1.55% September 23, 2036 Premier Statutory Trust V December 14, 2006 $ 10,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 1.61% March 1, 2037 Centra Statutory Trust I September 20, 2004 $ 10,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 2.29% September 20, 2034 Centra Statutory Trust II June 15, 2006 $ 10,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 1.65% July 7, 2036 VCBI Capital Trust II December 19, 2002 $ 15,000 6-month CME Term SOFR + 3.30% December 19, 2032 VCBI Capital Trust III December 20, 2005 $ 25,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 1.42% February 23, 2036 Cardinal Statutory Trust I July 27, 2004 $ 20,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 2.40% September 15, 2034 UFBC Capital Trust I December 30, 2004 $ 5,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 2.10% March 15, 2035 Carolina Financial Capital Trust I December 19, 2002 $ 5,000 Prime + 0.50% December 31, 2032 Carolina Financial Capital Trust II November 5, 2003 $ 10,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 3.05% January 7, 2034 Greer Capital Trust I October 12, 2004 $ 6,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 2.20% October 18, 2034 Greer Capital Trust II December 28, 2006 $ 5,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 1.73% January 30, 2037 First South Preferred Trust I September 26, 2003 $ 10,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 2.95% September 30, 2033 BOE Statutory Trust I December 12, 2003 $ 4,000 3-month CME Term SOFR + 3.00% December 12, 2033 (1) The 3-month CME Term SOFR rates have a spread adjustment of 0.26161% and the 6-month CME Term SOFR rate has a spread adjustment of 0.42826%. United, through its banking subsidiary, also makes limited partner equity investments in various low income housing and community development partnerships sponsored by independent third-parties. United invests in these partnerships to either realize tax credits on its consolidated federal income tax return or for purposes of earning a return on its investment. These partnerships are considered VIEs as the limited partners lack a controlling financial interest in the entities through their inability to make decisions that have a significant effect on the operations and success of the partnerships. These partnerships are not consolidated as United is not deemed to be the prima ry beneficiary. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, United’s investment (maximum exposure to loss) in these low income housing and community development partnerships were $ 106,184 and $ 98,441 , respectively, while related unfunded commitments were $ 84,806 and $ 89,292 respectively. As of June 30, 2025, United expects to recover its remaining investments through the use of the tax credits that are generated by the investments. 20. SEGMENT INFORMATION United operates in one reportable segment, community banking. Through its community banking segment, United offers a full range of products and services through various delivery channels. Included among the banking products and services offered are the acceptance of deposits in checking, savings, time and money market accounts; the making and servicing of personal, credit card, commercial, and floor plan loans; and the making of construction and real estate loans as well as the origination and sale of residential mortgages in the secondary market. Also offered are trust and brokerage services, safe deposit boxes, and wire transfers. The community banking segment derives revenues mainly from interest income on loans to customers, investment securities held and other short-term investments in addition to fees and income derived related to the services listed above. 5 7 Table of Contents The accounting policies of the community banking segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. United’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer who maintains responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Company including regularly reviewing the operating results of the community banking segment in order to assess performance and make decisions about resource allocation based on net income that also is reported on the income statement as consolidated net income. The measure of community banking segment assets is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as total assets. The CODM uses net income to evaluate income generated from segment assets (return on assets) in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the community banking segment or into other parts of the entity, such as for acquisitions or to pay dividends. Net income is used to monitor budget versus actual results as well as comparing to prior year’s results. The comparative analysis along with the monitoring of budgeted versus actual results are used in assessing performance of the segment. Information about the community banking segment net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows: For the Three Months Ended June 30 For the Six Months Ended June 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net interest income $ 274,537 $ 225,715 $ 534,592 $ 448,204 Provision for credit losses 5,889 5,779 34,992 11,519 Other income 31,460 30,223 61,014 62,435 Other expense Employee compensation 62,929 58,501 123,795 117,794 Employee benefits 13,434 12,147 26,725 26,818 Net occupancy expense 12,525 11,400 25,126 23,743 OREO expense 236 268 258 427 Net losses (gains) on the sales of OREO properties 16 32 5 ( 51 ) Equipment expense 8,551 7,548 17,133 14,401 Data processing expense 7,952 7,290 16,407 14,753 Mortgage loan servicing expense and impairment 0 1,011 0 2,026 Bankcard processing expense 588 602 1,188 1,218 FDIC insurance expense 4,532 5,058 9,260 11,513 Other segment expense (a) 37,257 30,917 81,696 62,874 Total other expense 148,020 134,774 301,593 275,516 Income before income taxes 152,088 115,385 259,021 223,604 Income taxes 31,367 18,878 53,994 40,283 Segment net income 120,721 96,507 205,027 183,321 Reconciliation of profit or loss Adjustments and reconciling items 0 0 0 0 Consolidated net income $ 120,721 $ 96,507 $ 205,027 $ 183,321 (a) Other segment expense includes legal, consulting and other professional services expense, franchise and other taxes not on income, expense for reserve on lending-related commitments, ATM expenses, marketing expense, core deposits amortization, and other general operating expenses. Information about community banking segment total assets as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows: As of June 30, 2025 As of June 30, 2024 Total Assets $ 32,783,363 $ 29,957,418 58 Table of Contents Table of Contents