SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORP 10-K

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page No. Financial Statements: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34 ) 33 Consolidated Balance Sheets, December 31, 2022 and 2021 35 Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 37 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 38 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 39 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 40 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 42 32 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Security National Financial Corporation: Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Security National Financial Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Future Policy Benefits and Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs for Insurance Contracts and Value of Business Acquired - Refer to Notes 1 and 22 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The Company’s management sets assumptions in (1) estimating a liability for policy benefit payments that will be made in the future (future policy benefits) and (2) determining amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs for insurance contracts and value of business acquired. The most significant assumptions include mortality, lapse, and projected investment yield. Assumptions are determined based upon analysis of Company specific experience, industry standards, adjusted for changes in exposure and other relevant factors. Given the inherent uncertainty of these significant assumptions, auditing the development of such assumptions involved especially subjective judgment. 33 How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to management’s judgments regarding the assumptions used in the development of future policy benefits and the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs for insurance contracts and value of business acquired, included the following, among others: ● We tested the design and implementation of controls over the assumption development process, the valuation of future policy benefits, and the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs for insurance contracts and value of business acquired. ● With the assistance of our actuarial specialists, we: ● evaluated management’s selected actuarial assumptions, including testing the accuracy and completeness of the supporting experience studies, ● evaluated management’s judgments regarding the assumptions used in the development of future policy benefits and the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired, ● evaluated the results of the Company’s annual premium deficiency tests. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Salt Lake City, UT March 31, 2023 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017. 34 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31 2022 2021 Assets Investments: Fixed maturity securities, available for sale, at estimated fair value (amortized cost of $ 362,750,511 and $ 236,303,310 for 2022 and 2021) $ 345,858,492 $ 259,287,603 Equity securities at estimated fair value (cost of $ 9,942,265 and $ 8,275,772 for 2022 and 2021) 11,682,526 11,596,414 Mortgage loans held for investment (net of allowances for loan losses of $ 1,970,311 and $ 1,699,902 for 2022 and 2021) 308,123,927 277,306,046 Real estate held for investment (net of accumulated depreciation of $ 23,793,204 and $ 17,692,038 for 2022 and 2021) 191,328,616 197,365,797 Real estate held for sale 11,161,582 3,731,300 Other investments and policy loans (net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $ 1,609,951 and $ 1,686,218 for 2022 and 2021) 70,508,156 67,955,155 Accrued investment income 10,299,826 6,313,012 Total investments 948,963,125 823,555,327 Cash and cash equivalents 120,919,805 131,354,470 Loans held for sale at estimated fair value 141,179,620 302,776,827 Receivables (net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $ 2,229,791 and $ 1,800,725 for 2022 and 2021) 28,573,092 18,316,116 Restricted assets (including $ 6,565,552 and $ 5,205,510 for 2022 and 2021 at estimated fair value) 18,935,055 16,938,122 Cemetery perpetual care trust investments (including $ 3,859,893 and $ 4,087,245 for 2022 and 2021 at estimated fair value) 7,276,210 7,835,721 Receivable from reinsurers 15,033,938 14,850,608 Cemetery land and improvements 9,101,474 8,977,877 Deferred policy and pre-need contract acquisition costs 108,655,128 105,049,983 Mortgage servicing rights, net 3,039,765 53,060,455 Property and equipment, net 20,579,649 21,517,598 Value of business acquired 9,803,736 8,421,432 Goodwill 5,253,783 5,253,783 Other 23,798,512 29,684,987 Total Assets $ 1,461,112,892 $ 1,547,593,306 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 35 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued) December 31 2022 2021 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Liabilities Future policy benefits and unpaid claims $ 889,327,303 $ 863,274,693 Unearned premium reserve 2,773,616 3,060,738 Bank and other loans payable 161,712,804 251,286,927 Deferred pre-need cemetery and mortuary contract revenues 16,226,836 14,508,022 Cemetery perpetual care obligation 5,099,542 4,915,285 Accounts payable 5,361,449 10,166,573 Other liabilities and accrued expenses 57,113,888 69,578,138 Income taxes 30,710,527 31,036,096 Total liabilities 1,168,325,965 1,247,826,472 Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock: Preferred stock - non-voting-$ 1.00 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding - - Common Stock: Class A: common stock - $ 2.00 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized; issued 18,758,031 shares in 2022 and 17,642,722 shares in 2021 37,516,062 35,285,444 Class B: non-voting common stock - $ 1.00 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding - - Class C: convertible common stock - $ 2.00 par value; 6,000,000 shares authorized; issued 2,889,859 shares in 2022 and 2,866,565 shares in 2021 5,779,718 5,733,130 Common stock, value 5,779,718 5,733,130 Additional paid-in capital 64,767,769 57,985,947 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes ( 13,070,277 ) 18,070,448 Retained earnings 202,160,306 184,537,489 Treasury stock, at cost - 525,870 Class A shares and 109,193 Class C shares in 2022; 34,016 Class A shares and 109,193 Class C shares in 2021 ( 4,366,651 ) ( 1,845,624 ) Total stockholders’ equity 292,786,927 299,766,834 Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $ 1,461,112,892 $ 1,547,593,306 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 36 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Earnings Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Revenues: Mortgage fee income $ 173,499,681 $ 263,418,230 Insurance premiums and other considerations 105,001,640 100,254,573 Net investment income 66,197,592 58,264,683 Net mortuary and cemetery sales 26,993,855 23,997,313 Gains (losses) on investments and other assets ( 857,460 ) 6,265,134 Other than temporary impairments on investments - ( 39,502 ) Other 18,817,020 18,535,111 Total revenues 389,652,328 470,695,542 Benefits and expenses: Death benefits 59,377,962 63,247,616 Surrenders and other policy benefits 4,688,470 3,970,839 Increase in future policy benefits 28,858,969 26,263,312 Amortization of deferred policy and pre-need acquisition costs and value of business acquired 17,950,202 16,142,970 Selling, general and administrative expenses: Commissions 63,321,092 118,286,469 Personnel 100,111,523 100,740,161 Advertising 5,697,998 6,626,418 Rent and rent related 6,883,013 7,242,287 Depreciation on property and equipment 2,496,906 1,935,613 Costs related to funding mortgage loans 7,540,041 10,541,570 Other 45,797,753 53,065,982 Interest expense 7,830,443 7,127,516 Cost of goods and services sold – cemeteries and mortuaries 4,721,094 3,704,014 Total benefits and expenses 355,275,466 418,894,767 Earnings before income taxes 34,376,862 51,800,775 Income tax expense ( 8,686,560 ) ( 12,281,785 ) Net earnings $ 25,690,302 $ 39,518,990 Net earnings per Class A equivalent common share (1) $ 1.22 $ 1.87 Net earnings per Class A equivalent common share - assuming dilution (1) $ 1.17 $ 1.80 Weighted average Class A equivalent common shares outstanding (1) 21,137,941 21,146,713 Weighted average Class A equivalent common shares outstanding-assuming dilution (1) 21,946,244 21,959,629 (1) Net earnings per share amounts have been adjusted retroactively for the effect of annual stock dividends. The weighted-average shares outstanding includes the weighted-average Class A common shares and the weighted-average Class C common shares determined on an equivalent Class A common stock basis. Net earnings per common share represent net earnings per equivalent Class A common share. See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 37 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of comprehensive income Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Net earnings $ 25,690,302 $ 39,518,990 Other comprehensive income: Unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities available for sale ( 39,331,688 ) ( 6,517,731 ) Unrealized losses on restricted assets ( 71,035 ) ( 23,250 ) Unrealized losses on cemetery perpetual care trust investments ( 20,446 ) ( 11,114 ) Foreign currency translation adjustments - 2,835 Other comprehensive loss, before income tax ( 39,423,169 ) ( 6,549,260 ) Income tax benefit 8,282,444 1,376,575 Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax ( 31,140,725 ) ( 5,172,685 ) Comprehensive income (loss) $ ( 5,450,423 ) $ 34,346,305 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 38 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity Class A Common Stock Class C Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 33,191,566 $ 5,359,206 $ 50,287,253 $ 23,243,133 $ 153,739,167 $ ( 1,833,272 ) $ 263,987,053 Net earnings - - - - 39,518,990 - 39,518,990 Other comprehensive loss - - - ( 5,172,685 ) - - ( 5,172,685 ) Stock based compensation expense - - 118,384 - - - 118,384 Exercise of stock options 320,564 209,312 547,549 - - - 1,077,425 Sale of treasury stock - - 250,019 - - 5,757,383 6,007,402 Purchase of treasury stock - - - - - ( 5,769,735 ) ( 5,769,735 ) Stock dividends 1,674,820 263,106 6,782,742 - ( 8,720,668 ) - - Conversion Class C to Class A 98,494 ( 98,494 ) - - - - - Balance at December 31, 2021 35,285,444 5,733,130 57,985,947 18,070,448 184,537,489 ( 1,845,624 ) 299,766,834 Net earnings - - - - 25,690,302 - 25,690,302 Other comprehensive loss - - - ( 31,140,725 ) - - ( 31,140,725 ) Stock based compensation expense - - 929,692 - - - 929,692 Exercise of stock options 219,174 - ( 75,742 ) - - - 143,432 Sale of treasury stock - - ( 187,757 ) - - 5,249,054 5,061,297 Purchase of treasury stock - - 106,176 - - ( 7,770,081 ) ( 7,663,905 ) Stock dividends 1,779,108 278,924 6,009,453 - ( 8,067,485 ) - - Conversion Class C to Class A 232,336 ( 232,336 ) - - - - - Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 37,516,062 $ 5,779,718 $ 64,767,769 $ ( 13,070,277 ) $ 202,160,306 $ ( 4,366,651 ) $ 292,786,927 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 39 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Cash flows from operating activities: Net earnings $ 25,690,302 $ 39,518,990 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash used in operating activities: Losses (gains) on investments and other assets 857,460 ( 6,265,134 ) Other than temporary impairments on investments - 39,502 Depreciation 8,598,072 5,540,672 Provision for loan losses and doubtful accounts 1,331,887 965,736 Net amortization of deferred fees and costs, premiums and discounts ( 1,018,200 ) ( 1,154,604 ) Provision for deferred income taxes ( 9,954,005 ) 11,308,436 Policy and pre-need acquisition costs deferred ( 20,233,669 ) ( 19,985,257 ) Policy and pre-need acquisition costs amortized 16,685,871 15,027,841 Value of business acquired amortized 1,264,331 1,115,129 Mortgage servicing rights, additions ( 10,243,922 ) ( 32,701,819 ) Amortization of mortgage servicing rights 9,078,706 14,851,880 Net gains on the sale of mortgage servicing rights ( 34,051,938 ) - Stock based compensation expense 929,692 118,384 Benefit plans funded with treasury stock 5,061,297 6,007,402 Net change in fair value of loans held for sale 8,834,797 8,783,376 Originations of loans held for sale ( 3,373,554,484 ) ( 5,611,189,587 ) Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 3,549,405,402 5,900,076,766 Net gains on sales of loans held for sale ( 74,779,721 ) ( 177,876,915 ) Change in assets and liabilities: Land and improvements held for sale ( 123,597 ) 441,839 Future policy benefits and unpaid claims 27,487,657 22,104,116 Other operating assets and liabilities ( 815,484 ) ( 32,088,511 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 130,450,454 144,638,242 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of fixed maturity securities ( 151,581,252 ) ( 18,857,131 ) Sales, calls and maturities of fixed maturity securities 25,163,141 48,015,753 Purchase of equity securities ( 4,193,460 ) ( 1,950,554 ) Sales of equity securities 2,804,274 3,868,061 Net changes in restricted assets ( 862,654 ) 473,156 Net changes in cemetery perpetual care trust investments 1,205,208 ( 143,379 ) Mortgage loans held for investment, other investments and policy loans made ( 752,301,471 ) ( 838,524,150 ) Payments received for mortgage loans held for investment, other investments and policy loans 759,243,828 818,108,666 Proceeds from the sale of mortage servicing rights 79,981,150 - Purchases of property and equipment ( 1,600,195 ) ( 5,219,928 ) Sales of property and equipment 69,248 - Purchases of real estate ( 20,458,983 ) ( 92,403,534 ) Sales of real estate 25,369,430 35,644,576 Cash paid for purchase of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired - ( 12,625,142 ) Net cash used in investing activities ( 37,161,736 ) ( 63,613,606 ) 40 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued) Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Cash flows from financing activities: Investment contract receipts 11,730,820 11,481,349 Investment contract withdrawals ( 15,795,677 ) ( 15,244,629 ) Proceeds from stock options exercised 143,432 1,077,425 Purchase of treasury stock ( 7,663,905 ) ( 5,769,735 ) Repayment of bank loans ( 50,308,296 ) ( 69,039,725 ) Proceeds from bank loans 59,618,050 106,995,930 Net change in warehouse line borrowings for loans held for sale ( 98,943,607 ) ( 84,576,055 ) Net cash used in financing activities ( 101,219,183 ) ( 55,075,440 ) Net change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents ( 7,930,465 ) 25,949,196 Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of year 141,414,282 115,465,086 Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents at end of year $ 133,483,817 $ 141,414,282 Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: Cash paid during the year for: Interest $ 7,697,921 $ 7,290,867 Income taxes 729,687 5,127,913 Non Cash Investing and Financing Activities: Transfer of loans held for sale to mortgage loans held for investment $ 51,691,213 $ 201,951 Mortgage loans held for investment foreclosed into real estate held for investment 10,998,485 931,079 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities 2,054,534 5,216,048 Accrued real estate construction costs and retainage 1,025,397 4,400,320 Transfer of property and equipment to real estate held for investment - 3,108,681 See Note 20 regarding non cash transactions included in the acquisitions of Rivera Funerals, Cremations and Memorial Gardens and Holbrook Mortuary Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents as shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows is presented in the table below: Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 120,919,805 $ 131,354,470 Restricted assets 10,638,034 9,000,293 Cemetery perpetual care trust investments 1,925,978 1,059,519 Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents $ 133,483,817 $ 141,414,282 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 41 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies General Overview of Business Security National Financial Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company”) operate in three reportable business segments: life insurance, cemetery and mortuary, and mortgages. The life insurance segment is engaged in the business of selling and servicing selected lines of life insurance, annuity products and accident and health insurance marketed primarily in the states located in western, mid-western and southern regions of the United States. The cemetery and mortuary segment of the Company consists of eight mortuaries and five cemeteries in Utah, one cemetery in California, and four mortuaries and one cemetery in New Mexico. The mortgage segment is an approved government and conventional lender that originates and underwrites residential and commercial loans for new construction, existing homes and real estate projects primarily in Florida, Nevada, Texas, and Utah. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Principles of Consolidation These consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its majority owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates Management of the Company has made a number of estimates and assumptions related to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, reported amounts of revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term are those used in determining the value of derivative assets and liabilities; those used in determining deferred acquisition costs and the value of business acquired; those used in determining the value of mortgage loans foreclosed to real estate held for investment; those used in determining the liability for future policy benefits and unearned revenue; those used in determining the estimated future costs for pre-need sales; those used in determining the value of mortgage servicing rights; those used in determining allowances for loan losses for mortgage loans held for investment; those used in determining loan loss reserve; and those used in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Although some variability is inherent in these estimates, management believes the amounts provided are fairly stated in all material respects. Investments The Company’s management determines the appropriate classifications of investments in fixed maturity securities and equity securities at the acquisition date and re-evaluates the classifications at each balance sheet date. Fixed maturity securities available for sale are carried at estimated fair value. Changes in fair values are reported as unrealized gains or losses and are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Equity securities are carried at estimated fair value. Changes in fair values are reported as unrealized gains or losses and are recorded through net earnings as a component of gains on investments and other assets. 42 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Mortgage loans held for investment are carried at their unpaid principal balances adjusted for net deferred fees, net discounts, charge-offs and the related allowance for loan losses. Interest income is included in net investment income on the consolidated statements of earnings and is recognized when earned. The Company defers related loan origination fees, net of related direct loan origination costs, and amortizes the net fees over the term of the loans. Origination fees are included in net investment income on the consolidated statements of earnings. Mortgage loans are secured by the underlying property and require an appraisal at the time of underwriting and funding. Generally, the Company will fund a loan not to exceed 80% of the loan’s collateral fair market value. Amounts over 80% will require additional collateral or mortgage insurance by an approved third-party insurer. Real estate held for investment is carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the properties, or is adjusted to a new basis for impairment in value, if any. Included are foreclosed properties which the Company intends to hold for investment purposes. These properties are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value upon foreclosure. Also, included are residential subdivision land developments which are carried at cost. Real estate held for sale is carried at lower of cost or fair value. Depreciation is not recognized on real estate classified as held for sale. Other investments and policy loans are carried at the aggregate unpaid balances, less allowances for losses. Accrued investment income refers to earned income from investments that has not yet been received by the Company. Gains and losses on investments (except for equity securities carried at fair value through net earnings) arise when investments are sold (as determined on a specific identification basis) or are other than temporarily impaired. If in management’s judgment a decline in the value of an investment below cost is other than temporary, the cost of the investment is written down to fair value with a corresponding charge to earnings. Factors considered in judging whether an impairment is other than temporary include: the financial condition, business prospects and credit worthiness of the issuer, the length of time that fair value has been less than cost, the relative amount of the decline, and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment until the fair value recovers, which is not assured. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, which at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. Loans Held for Sale Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 825, “Financial Instruments”, allows for the option to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value initially and at subsequent measurement dates with changes in fair value included in earnings. The option may be applied instrument by instrument, but it is irrevocable. The Company elected the fair value option for loans held for sale. The Company believes the fair value option most closely aligns the timing of the recognition of gains and costs. These loans are intended for sale and the Company believes that the fair value is the best indicator of the resolution of these loans. Electing fair value also reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in the fair value of these assets with changes in the fair value of the related derivatives used for these assets. See Note 3 and Note 17 to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures regarding loans held for sale. 43 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Mortgage Fee Income Mortgage fee income consists of origination fees, processing fees, interest income and certain other income related to the origination of mortgage loans held for sale. All revenues and costs are recognized when the mortgage loan is funded and any changes in fair value are shown as a component of mortgage fee income. See Note 3 and Note 17 to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures regarding loans held for sale. The Company, through its mortgage subsidiaries, sells mortgage loans to third-party investors without recourse unless defects are identified in the representations and warranties made at loan sale. It may be required, however, to repurchase a loan or pay a fee instead of repurchase under certain events, which include the following: ● Failure to deliver original documents specified by the investor, ● The existence of misrepresentation or fraud in the origination of the loan, ● The loan becomes delinquent due to nonpayment during the first several months after it is sold, ● Early pay-off of a loan, as defined by the agreements, ● Excessive time to settle a loan, ● Investor declines purchase, and ● Discontinued product and expired commitment. Loan purchase commitments generally specify a date 30 to 45 days after delivery upon which the underlying loans should be settled. Depending on market conditions, these commitment settlement dates can be extended at a cost to the Company. It is the Company’s policy to cure any documentation problems regarding such loans at a minimal cost for up to a six-month time period and to pursue efforts to enforce loan purchase commitments from third-party investors concerning the loans. The Company believes that six months allows adequate time to remedy any documentation issues, to enforce purchase commitments, and to exhaust other alternatives. Remedial methods include the following: ● Research reasons for rejection, ● Provide additional documents, ● Request investor exceptions, ● Appeal rejection decision to purchase committee, and ● Commit to secondary investors. Once purchase commitments have expired and other alternatives to remedy are exhausted, which could be earlier than the six-month time period, the loans are repurchased and transferred to the long-term investment portfolio at the lower of cost or fair value and previously recorded mortgage fee income that was to be received from a third-party investor is written off against the loan loss reserve. Determining Fair Value Cost for loans held for sale is equal to the amount paid to the warehouse bank and the amount originally funded by the Company. Fair value is often difficult to determine and may contain significant unobservable inputs, but is based on the following: ● For loans that are committed, the Company uses the commitment price. ● For loans that are non-committed that have an active market, the Company uses the market price. ● For loans that are non-committed where there is no market but there is a similar product, the Company uses the market value for the similar product. ● For loans that are non-committed where no active market exists, the Company determines that the unpaid principal balance best approximates the market value, after considering the fair value of the underlying real estate collateral, estimated future cash flows, and the loan interest rate. 44 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) The appraised value of the real estate underlying the original mortgage loan adds support to the Company’s determination of fair value because if the loan becomes delinquent, the Company has sufficient value to collect the unpaid principal balance or the carrying value of the loan, thus minimizing credit losses. The majority of loans originated are sold to third-party investors. The amounts expected to be sold to investors are shown on the consolidated balance sheets as loans held for sale. Loan Loss Reserve The loan loss reserve is an estimate of probable losses at the balance sheet date that the Company will realize in the future on loans sold. The Company may be required to reimburse third-party investors for costs associated with early payoff of loans within six months of origination of such loans and to repurchase loans where there is a default in any of the first four monthly payments to the investors or, in lieu of repurchase, to pay a negotiated fee to the investors. The Company’s estimates are based upon historical loss experience and the best estimate of the probable loan loss liabilities. Upon completion of a transfer that satisfies the conditions to be accounted for as a sale, the Company initially measures at fair value liabilities incurred in a sale relating to any guarantee or recourse provisions. The Company accrues a monthly allowance for indemnification losses to investors based on total production. This estimate is based on the Company’s historical experience and is included as a component of mortgage fee income. Subsequent updates to the recorded liability from changes in assumptions are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses as a component of provision for loan loss reserve. The estimated liability for indemnification losses is included in other liabilities and accrued expenses. The loan loss reserve analysis involves mortgage loans that have been sold to third-party investors, which were believed to have met investor underwriting guidelines at the time of sale, where the Company has received a demand from the investor. There are generally three types of demands: make whole, repurchase, or indemnification. These types of demands are further described as follows: Make whole demand — A make whole demand occurs when an investor forecloses on a property and then sells the property. The make whole amount is calculated as the difference between the original unpaid principal balance, payments received, accrued interest and fees, less the sale proceeds. Repurchase demand — A repurchase demand usually occurs when there is a significant payment default, error in underwriting or detected loan fraud. Indemnification demand — On certain loans the Company has negotiated a set fee that is to be paid in lieu of repurchase. The fee varies by investor and by loan product type. The Company believes the allowance for loan losses and the loan loss reserve represent probable loan losses incurred as of the balance sheet date. Additional information related to the Loan Loss Reserve is included in Note 3. 45 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Restricted Assets Restricted assets are assets held in a trust account for future mortuary services and merchandise and consist of cash and cash equivalents; participations in mortgage loans held for investment with Security National Life Insurance Company (“Security National Life”); mutual funds carried at estimated fair value; equity securities carried at estimated fair value; and a surplus note with Security National Life (which is eliminated in consolidation). Restricted assets also include escrows held for borrowers and investors under servicing and appraisal agreements relating to mortgage loans, funds held by warehouse banks in accordance with loan purchase agreements and funds held in escrow for certain real estate construction development projects. Additionally, the Company funded its medical benefit safe-harbor limit based on the qualified direct costs, and has included this amount as a component of restricted cash. Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments Cemetery endowment care trusts have been set up for five of the seven cemeteries owned by the Company. Under endowment care arrangements a portion of the price for each lot sold is withheld and invested in a portfolio of investments similar to those described in the prior paragraph. The earnings stream from the investments is designed to fund future maintenance and upkeep of the cemetery. Cemetery Land and Improvements The development of a cemetery involves not only the initial acquisition of raw land but also the installation of roads, water lines, landscaping and other costs to establish a marketable cemetery lot. The costs of developing the cemetery are shown as an asset on the balance sheet. The amount on the balance sheet is reduced by the total cost assigned to the development of a particular lot when the criterion for recognizing a sale of that lot is met. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired Commissions and other costs, net of commission and expense allowances for reinsurance ceded, that vary with and are primarily related to the production of new insurance business have been deferred. Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) for traditional life insurance are amortized over the premium paying period of the related policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing policy benefit reserves. For interest-sensitive insurance products, deferred policy acquisition costs are amortized generally in proportion to the present value of expected gross profits from surrender charges, investment, mortality and expense margins. This amortization is adjusted when estimates of current or future gross profits to be realized from a group of products are reevaluated. Deferred acquisition costs are written off when policies lapse or are surrendered. When accounting for DAC, the Company considers internal replacements of insurance and investment contracts. An internal replacement is a modification in product benefits, features, rights or coverage that occurs by the exchange of a contract for a new contract, or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to contract, or by the election of a feature or coverage within a contract. Modifications that result in a replacement contract that is substantially changed from the replaced contract are accounted for as an extinguishment of the replaced contract. Unamortized DAC, unearned revenue liabilities and deferred sales inducements from the replaced contract are written-off. Modifications that result in a contract that is substantially unchanged from the replaced contract are accounted for as a continuation of the replaced contract. Value of business acquired (“VOBA”) is the present value of estimated future profits of the acquired business and is amortized similar to deferred policy acquisition costs. 46 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Premium Deficiency and Loss Recognition Testing At least annually, the Company tests the adequacy of the net benefit reserves (liability for future policy benefits, net of DAC and VOBA) recorded for life insurance and annuity products. The Company tests for recoverability by using the Company’s current best-estimate assumptions as to policyholder mortality, persistency, maintenance expenses and invested asset returns. These tests evaluate whether the present value of future contract-related cash flows will support the capitalized DAC and VOBA assets. These cash flows consist primarily of premium income, less benefits and expenses. If the current contract liabilities plus the present value of future premiums is greater than the sum of the present values of future policy benefits, commissions, and expenses plus the current DAC and VOBA less unearned premium reserve balances, then the capitalized assets are deemed recoverable. The present values are calculated using the best estimate of the after tax net investment earned rate. Mortgage Servicing Rights Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSR”) arise from contractual agreements between the Company and third-party investors (or their agents) when mortgage loans are sold. Under these contracts, the Company is obligated to retain and provide loan servicing functions on loans sold, in exchange for fees and other remuneration. The servicing functions typically performed include, among other responsibilities, collecting and remitting loan payments; responding to borrower inquiries; accounting for principal and interest, holding custodial (impound) funds for payment of property taxes and insurance premiums; counseling delinquent mortgagors; and supervising the acquisition of real estate owned and property dispositions. The total residential mortgage loans serviced for others consist primarily of agency conforming fixed-rate mortgage loans. The value of MSRs is derived from the net cash flows associated with the servicing contracts. The Company receives a servicing fee of generally about 0.25 % annually on the remaining outstanding principal balances of the loans. Based on the result of the cash flow analysis, an asset or liability is recorded for mortgage servicing rights. The servicing fees are collected from the monthly payments made by the mortgagors. The Company generally receives other remuneration including rights to various mortgagor-contracted fees such as late charges, and collateral reconveyance charges and the Company is generally entitled to retain the interest earned on funds held pending remittance of mortgagor principal, interest, tax and insurance payments. Contractual servicing fees and late fees are included in other revenues on the consolidated statements of earnings. The Company’s subsequent accounting for MSRs is based on the class of MSRs. The Company has identified two classes of MSRs: MSRs backed by mortgage loans with initial term of 30 years and MSRs backed by mortgage loans with initial term of 15 years. The Company distinguishes between these classes of MSRs due to their differing sensitivities to change in value as the result of changes in market. After being initially recorded at fair value, MSRs backed by mortgage loans are accounted for using the amortization method. Amortization expense is included in other expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings. MSR amortization is determined by amortizing the MSR balance in proportion to, and over the period of the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying financial assets. Interest rate risk, prepayment risk, and default risk are inherent risks in MSR valuation. Interest rate changes largely drive prepayment rates. Refinance activity generally increases as rates decline. A significant decrease in rates beyond expectation could cause a decline in the value of the MSR. On the contrary, if rates increase borrowers are less likely to refinance or prepay their mortgage, which extends the duration of the loan and MSR values are likely to rise. Because of these risks, discount rates and prepayment speeds are used to estimate the fair value. The Company periodically assesses MSRs for impairment. Impairment occurs when the current fair value of the MSR falls below the asset’s carrying value (carrying value is the amortized cost reduced by any related valuation allowance). If MSRs are impaired, the impairment is recognized in current period earnings and the carrying value of the MSRs is adjusted through a valuation allowance. 47 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Management periodically reviews the various loan strata to determine whether the value of the MSRs in a given stratum is impaired and likely to recover. When management deems recovery of the value to be unlikely in the foreseeable future, a write-down of the cost of the MSRs for that stratum to its estimated recoverable value is charged to the valuation allowance. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is calculated principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from three to forty years . Leasehold improvements paid for by the Company as a lessee are amortized over the lesser of the useful life or remaining lease terms. Long-lived Assets Long-lived assets to be held and used, including property and equipment and real estate held for investment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amount may not be recoverable. When required, impairment losses on assets to be held and used are recognized based on the fair value of the asset, and long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. No impairment of long-lived assets has been recognized in the accompanying financial statements except for certain impairments of real estate held for sale as disclosed in Note 2. Derivative Instruments Mortgage Banking Derivatives Loan Commitments The Company is exposed to price risk due to the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the values of loan commitments from the time a loan commitment is made to an applicant to the time the loan that would result from the exercise of that loan commitment is funded. Managing price risk is complicated by the fact that the ultimate percentage of loan commitments that will be exercised (i.e., the number of loans that will be funded) fluctuates. The probability that a loan will not be funded or the loan application is denied or withdrawn within the terms of the commitment is driven by a number of factors, particularly the change, if any, in mortgage rates following the issuance of the loan commitment. In general, the probability of funding increases if mortgage rates rise and decreases if mortgage rates fall. This is due primarily to the relative attractiveness of current mortgage rates compared to the applicant’s committed rate. The probability that a loan will not be funded within the terms of the mortgage loan commitment also is influenced by the source of the applications (retail, broker or correspondent channels), proximity to rate lock expiration, purpose for the loan (purchase or refinance), product type and the application approval status. The Company has developed fallout estimates using historical data that take into account all of the variables, as well as renegotiations of rate and point commitments that tend to occur when mortgage rates fall. These fallout estimates are used to estimate the number of loans that the Company expects to be funded within the terms of the loan commitments and are updated periodically to reflect the most current data. The Company estimates the fair value of a loan commitment based on the change in estimated fair value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) prices, estimates of the fair value of mortgage servicing rights, and an estimate of the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the commitment. The change in fair value of the underlying mortgage loan is measured from the date the loan commitment is issued and is shown net of expenses. Following issuance, the value of a loan commitment can be either positive or negative depending upon the change in value of the underlying mortgage loans. Fallout rates and other factors from the Company’s recent historical data are used to estimate the quantity and value of mortgage loans that will fund within the terms of the commitments. 48 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Forward Sale Commitments The Company utilizes forward commitments to economically hedge the price risk associated with its outstanding mortgage loan commitments. A forward commitment protects the Company from losses on sales of the loans arising from exercise of the loan commitments. Management expects these types of commitments will experience changes in fair value opposite to changes in fair value of the loan commitments, thereby reducing earnings volatility related to the recognition in earnings of changes in the values of the commitments. The net changes in fair value of loan commitments and forward sale commitments are shown in current earnings as a component of mortgage fee income on the consolidated statements of earnings. Mortgage banking derivatives are shown in other assets and other liabilities and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. Call and Put Option Derivatives The Company uses a strategy of selling “out of the money” call options on its equity securities as a source of revenue. The options give the purchaser the right to buy from the Company specified equity securities at a set price up to a pre-determined date in the future. The Company uses the strategy of selling put options as a means of generating cash or purchasing equity securities at lower than current market prices. The Company receives an immediate payment of cash for the value of the option and establishes a liability for the fair value of the option. The liability for options is adjusted to fair value at each reporting date. In the event a call option is exercised, the Company sells the equity security at a favorable price enhanced by the value of the option that was sold. If the option expires unexercised, the Company recognizes a gain from the expired option. In the event a put option is exercised, the Company acquires an equity security at the strike price of the option reduced by the value received from the sale of the put option. The equity security is then treated as a normal equity security in the Company’s portfolio. The net changes in the fair value of call and put options are shown in current earnings as a component of gains (losses) on investments and other assets. Call and put options are shown in other liabilities and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Loan Losses and Impaired Loans The Company records an allowance and recognizes an expense for potential losses from mortgage loans held for investment, other investments and receivables in accordance with GAAP. Receivables are the result of cemetery and mortuary operations, mortgage loan operations and life insurance operations. The allowance is based upon the Company’s historical experience for collectively evaluated impairment. Other allowances are based upon receivables individually evaluated for impairment. Collectability of the cemetery and mortuary receivables is significantly influenced by current economic conditions. The critical issues that impact recovery of mortgage loan operations are interest rate risk, loan underwriting, new regulations and the overall economy. The Company provides for losses on its mortgage loans held for investment through an allowance for loan losses (a contra-asset account). The allowance is comprised of two components. The first component is an allowance for collectively evaluated impairment that is based upon the Company’s historical experience in collecting similar receivables. The second component is based upon individual evaluation of loans that are determined to be impaired. As a practical expedient, upon determining impairment, the Company establishes an individual impairment allowance based upon an assessment of the fair value of the underlying collateral. See the schedules in Note 2 for additional information. In addition, when a mortgage loan is past due more than 90 days, the Company does not accrue any interest income. When a loan becomes delinquent, the Company proceeds to foreclose on the real estate and all expenses for foreclosure are expensed as incurred. Once foreclosed, an adjustment for the lower of cost or fair value is made, if necessary, and the amount is classified as real estate held for investment or held for sale. 49 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) The allowance for losses on mortgage loans held for investment could change based on changes in the value of the underlying collateral, the performance status of the loans, or the Company’s actual collection experience. The actual losses could change, in the near term, from the established allowance, based upon the occurrence or non-occurrence of these events. For purposes of determining the allowance for losses, the Company has segmented its mortgage loans held for investment by loan type. The Company’s loan types are commercial, residential, and residential construction. The inherent risks within the portfolio vary depending upon the loan type as follows: Commercial — Underwritten in accordance with the Company’s policies to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the obligation as agreed. Commercial loans are made primarily based on the underlying collateral supporting the loan. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the collateral and its ability to generate income and secondary on the borrower’s (or guarantors) ability to repay. Residential — Secured by family dwelling units. These loans are secured by first and second mortgages on the unit. The borrower’s ability to repay is sensitive to the life events and general economic condition of the region. Where loan to values exceed 80%, the loan is generally guaranteed by private mortgage insurance, FHA or VA. Residential construction (including land acquisition and development) — Underwritten in accordance with the Company’s underwriting policies which include a financial analysis of the builders, borrowers (guarantors), construction cost estimates, and independent appraisal valuations. These loans will rely on the value associated with the project upon completion. These cost and valuation estimates may be inaccurate. Construction loans generally involve the disbursement of substantial funds over a short period of time with repayment substantially dependent upon the success of the completed project and the ability of the borrower to secure long-term financing. Additionally, land is underwritten according to the Company’s policies, which include independent appraisal valuations as well as the estimated value associated with the land upon completion of development into finished lots. These cost and valuation estimates may be inaccurate. These loans are considered to be of a higher risk than other mortgage loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to general economic conditions, availability of long-term or construction financing, and interest rate sensitivity. Future Policy Benefits and Unpaid Claims Future policy benefit reserves for traditional life insurance are computed using a net level method, including assumptions as to investment yields, mortality, morbidity, withdrawals, and other assumptions based on the life insurance subsidiaries’ experience, modified as necessary to give effect to anticipated trends and to include provisions for possible unfavorable deviations. Such liabilities are, for some plans, graded to equal statutory values or cash values at or prior to maturity, which are deemed a reasonable equivalent for GAAP. The range of assumed interest rates for all traditional life insurance policy reserves was 4 % to 10 %. Benefit reserves for traditional limited-payment life insurance policies include the deferred portion of the premiums received during the premium-paying period. Deferred premiums are recognized as income over the life of the policies. Policy benefit claims are charged to expense in the period the claims are incurred. Increases in future policy benefits are charged to expense. Future policy benefit reserves for interest-sensitive insurance products are computed under a retrospective deposit method and represent policy account balances before applicable surrender charges. Policy benefits and claims that are charged to expense include benefit claims incurred in the period in excess of related policy account balances. Interest crediting rates for interest-sensitive insurance products ranged from 3 % to 6.5 %. 50 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) The Company records an unpaid claims liability for claims in the course of settlement equal to the death benefit amount less any reinsurance recoverable amount for claims reported. There is also an unpaid claims liability for claims incurred but not reported. This liability is based on the historical experience of the net amount of claims that were reported in reporting periods subsequent to the reporting period when claims were incurred. Participating Insurance Participating business constituted 2 % of insurance in force for the years ended 2022 and 2021. The provision for policyholders’ dividends included in policyholder obligations is based on dividend scales anticipated by management. Amounts to be paid are determined by the Board of Directors. The expense recognized for policyholder dividends is included in surrenders and other policy benefits on the consolidated statements of earnings. Recognition of Insurance Premiums and Other Considerations Premiums and other consideration for traditional life insurance products (which include those products with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits and consist principally of whole life insurance policies, limited payment life insurance policies, and certain annuities with life contingencies) are recognized as revenues when due from policyholders. Premiums and other consideration for interest-sensitive insurance policies (which include universal life policies, interest-sensitive life policies, deferred annuities, and annuities without life contingencies) are recognized when earned and consist of amounts assessed against policyholder account balances during the period for policy administration charges and surrender charges. Reinsurance The Company follows the procedure of reinsuring risks in excess of $ 100,000 to provide for greater diversification of business to allow management to control exposure to potential losses arising from large risks, and provide additional capacity for growth. The Company remains liable for amounts ceded in the event the reinsurers are unable to meet their obligations. The Company entered into coinsurance agreements with unaffiliated insurance companies under which the Company assumed 100 % of the risk for certain life insurance policies and certain other policy-related liabilities of the insurance company. Reinsurance premiums, commissions, expense reimbursements, and reserves related to reinsured business are accounted for on a basis consistent with those used in accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Expense allowances received in connection with reinsurance ceded are accounted for as a reduction of the related policy acquisition costs and are deferred and amortized accordingly. Pre-need Sales and Costs Pre-need contract sales of funeral services and caskets - revenue and costs associated with the sales of pre-need funeral services and caskets are deferred until the performance obligations are fulfilled (services are performed or the caskets are delivered). Sales of cemetery interment rights (cemetery burial property) - revenue and costs associated with the sale of cemetery interment rights are deferred until 10% of the sales price has been collected. Pre-need contract sales of cemetery merchandise (primarily markers and vaults) - revenue and costs associated with the sale of pre-need cemetery merchandise is deferred until the merchandise is delivered to the Company. 51 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Pre-need contract sales of cemetery services (primarily merchandise delivery, installation fees and burial opening and closing fees) - revenue and costs associated with the sales of pre-need cemetery services are deferred until the services are performed. Prearranged funeral and pre-need cemetery customer acquisition costs - costs incurred related to obtaining new pre-need contract cemetery and prearranged funeral services, which include only costs that vary with and are primarily related to the acquisition of new pre-need cemetery and prearranged funeral services, are deferred until the merchandise is delivered or services are performed. Revenues and costs for at-need sales are recorded when a valid contract exists, the services are performed, collection is reasonably assured and there are no significant performance obligations remaining. The Company, through its cemetery and mortuary operations, provides guaranteed funeral arrangements wherein a prospective customer can receive future goods and services at guaranteed prices. To accomplish this, the Company, through its life insurance operations, sells to the customer an increasing benefit life insurance policy that is assigned to the mortuaries. If, at the time of need, the policyholder/potential mortuary customer utilizes one of the Company’s facilities, the guaranteed funeral arrangement contract that has been assigned will provide the funeral goods and services at the contracted price. The increasing life insurance policy will cover the difference between the original contract prices and current prices. Risks may arise if the difference cannot be fully met by the life insurance policy. However, management believes that given current inflation rates and related price increases of goods and services, the risk of exposure is minimal. Goodwill Previous acquisitions have been accounted for as purchases under which assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their fair values with the excess purchase price recognized as goodwill. The Company evaluates annually or when changes in circumstances warrant the recoverability of goodwill and if there is a decrease in value, the related impairment is recognized as a charge against income. No impairment of goodwill has been recognized in the accompanying financial statements. Other Intangibles Other intangibles are recognized apart from goodwill whenever an acquired intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights, or whenever it is capable of being separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, either individually or in combination with a related contract, asset, or liability. The Company engages a third-party valuation firm to analyze the value of the intangible assets that result from significant acquisitions. The value of the intangible assets that result from these acquisitions are included in Other Assets and are determined using the income approach, relying on a relief from the royalty method. 52 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Income Taxes Income taxes include taxes currently payable plus deferred taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to the temporary differences in the financial reporting basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities and operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which these temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Liabilities are established for uncertain tax positions expected to be taken in income tax returns when such positions are judged to meet the “more-likely-than-not” threshold based on the technical merits of the positions. Estimated interest and penalties related to uncertain tax penalties are included as a component of income tax expense. Earnings Per Common Share The Company computes earnings per share which requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per equivalent Class A common share are computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted-average number of Class A common shares outstanding during each year presented, after the effect of the assumed conversion of Class C common stock to Class A common stock. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year used to compute basic earnings per share plus dilutive potential incremental shares by application of the treasury stock method. Basic and diluted earnings per share amounts have been adjusted retroactively for the effect of annual stock dividends. Stock Based Compensation The cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments is recognized in the financial statements and is measured based on the fair value on the grant date of the award. The fair value of stock options is calculated using the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model. Stock option compensation expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award and is included in personnel expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings. Concentration of Credit Risk For a description of the concentration risk regarding available for sale debt securities, mortgage loans held for investment and real estate held for investment, refer to Note 2, and for receivables from reinsurers, refer to Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Advertising The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. 53 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 1) Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023 ASU No. 2016-13: “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326)” — Issued in September 2016, ASU 2016-13 amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis (such as mortgage loans held for investment and held to maturity debt securities) and available for sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For available for sale debt securities, credit losses are measured in a manner similar to current GAAP; however, Topic 326 requires that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, and after a review of the affected assets, determined that it would decrease the opening balance of retained earnings in stockholders’ equity by $ 671,505 on January 1, 2023. The allowances for credit losses increased (decreased) by the following amounts. Schedule of Increased (Decrease) in Allowances for Credit Losses Upon ASU Amount Mortgage loans held for investment: Residential $ ( 192,607 ) Residential construction 301,830 Commercial 555,806 Total 665,029 Restriced assets - mortgage loans held for investment: Residential construction 3,463 Cemetery perpetual care trust investments - mortgage loans held for investment: Residential construction 3,013 Grand Total 671,505 Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted ASU No. 2018-12: “Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts” — Issued in August 2018, ASU 2018-12 is intended to improve the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits on traditional long-duration contracts by requiring that assumptions be updated after contract inception and by modifying the rate used to discount future cash flows. The ASU will improve the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit or account balance contracts, simplify amortization of deferred acquisition costs while improving and expanding required disclosures. In November 2020, the FASB issued an update to ASU No. 2018-12 that made the ASU effective for the Company on January 1, 2025. The Company has made progress in the implementation of the new standard, including the involvement of actuaries, accountants, and systems specialists. However, the Company has not yet estimated the impact the new guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements. The Company has reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and has determined that they will not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations or financial position. 54 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments The Company’s investments as of December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows: Schedule of Investments Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value December 31, 2022: Fixed maturity securities, available for sale, at estimated fair value: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies $ 93,182,210 $ 180,643 $ ( 2,685,277 ) $ 90,677,576 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 6,675,071 13,869 ( 458,137 ) 6,230,803 Corporate securities including public utilities 229,141,544 1,909,630 ( 11,930,773 ) 219,120,401 Mortgage-backed securities 33,501,686 168,700 ( 4,100,674 ) 29,569,712 Redeemable preferred stock 250,000 10,000 - 260,000 Total fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 362,750,511 $ 2,282,842 $ ( 19,174,861 ) $ 345,858,492 Equity securities at estimated fair value: Common stock: Industrial, miscellaneous and all other $ 9,942,265 $ 2,688,375 $ ( 948,114 ) $ 11,682,526 Total equity securities at estimated fair value $ 9,942,265 $ 2,688,375 $ ( 948,114 ) $ 11,682,526 Mortgage loans held for investment at amortized cost: Residential $ 93,355,623 Residential construction 172,516,125 Commercial 46,311,955 Less: Unamortized deferred loan fees, net ( 1,746,605 ) Less: Allowance for loan losses ( 1,970,311 ) Less: Net discounts ( 342,860 ) Total mortgage loans held for investment $ 308,123,927 Real estate held for investment - net of accumulated depreciation: Residential $ 38,437,960 Commercial 152,890,656 Total real estate held for investment $ 191,328,616 Real estate held for sale: Residential $ 11,010,029 Commercial 151,553 Total real estate held for sale $ 11,161,582 Other investments and policy loans at amortized cost: Policy loans $ 13,095,473 Insurance assignments 46,942,536 Federal Home Loan Bank stock (1) 2,600,300 Other investments 9,479,798 Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts ( 1,609,951 ) Total policy loans and other investments $ 70,508,156 Accrued investment income $ 10,299,826 Total investments $ 948,963,125 (1) Includes $ 938,500 of Membership stock and $ 1,661,800 of Activity stock due to short-term advances and letters of credit. 55 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) The Company’s investments as of December 31, 2021 are summarized as follows: Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value December 31, 2021: Fixed maturity securities, available for sale, at estimated fair value: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies $ 22,307,736 $ 578,567 $ - $ 22,886,303 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 4,649,917 212,803 ( 1,989 ) 4,860,731 Corporate securities including public utilities 174,711,061 21,791,370 ( 353,668 ) 196,148,763 Mortgage-backed securities 34,365,382 905,159 ( 161,332 ) 35,109,209 Redeemable preferred stock 269,214 13,383 - 282,597 Total fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 236,303,310 $ 23,501,282 $ ( 516,989 ) $ 259,287,603 Equity securities at estimated fair value: Common stock: Industrial, miscellaneous and all other $ 8,275,772 $ 3,626,444 $ ( 305,802 ) $ 11,596,414 Total equity securities at estimated fair value $ 8,275,772 $ 3,626,444 $ ( 305,802 ) $ 11,596,414 Mortgage loans held for investment at amortized cost: Residential $ 53,533,712 Residential construction 175,117,783 Commercial 51,683,022 Less: Unamortized deferred loan fees, net ( 918,586 ) Less: Allowance for loan losses ( 1,699,902 ) Less: Net discounts ( 409,983 ) Total mortgage loans held for investment $ 277,306,046 Real estate held for investment - net of accumulated depreciation: Residential $ 41,972,462 Commercial 155,393,335 Total real estate held for investment $ 197,365,797 Real estate held for sale: Residential $ 1,190,602 Commercial 2,540,698 Total real estate held for sale $ 3,731,300 Other investments and policy loans at amortized cost: Policy loans $ 13,478,214 Insurance assignments 48,632,808 Federal Home Loan Bank stock (1) 2,547,100 Other investments 4,983,251 Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts ( 1,686,218 ) Total policy loans and other investments $ 67,955,155 Accrued investment income $ 6,313,012 Total investments $ 823,555,327 (1) Includes $ 905,700 of Membership stock and $ 1,641,400 of Activity stock due to short-term advances and letters of credit. 56 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) Fixed Maturity Securities The following table summarizes unrealized losses on fixed maturities securities available for sale that were carried at estimated fair value at December 31, 2022 and at December 31, 2021. The unrealized losses were primarily related to interest rate fluctuations and inflation. The tables set forth unrealized losses by duration with the fair value of the related fixed maturity securities: Schedule of Fair Value of Fixed Maturity Securities Unrealized Losses for Less than Twelve Months Fair Value Unrealized Losses for More than Twelve Months Fair Value Total Unrealized Loss Fair Value At December 31, 2022 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies $ 2,685,277 $ 79,400,753 $ - $ - $ 2,685,277 $ 79,400,753 Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 378,067 5,467,910 80,070 429,020 458,137 5,896,930 Corporate Securities 10,935,114 162,995,969 995,659 5,781,822 11,930,773 168,777,791 Mortgage and other asset-backed securities 2,884,731 19,909,907 1,215,943 6,978,745 4,100,674 26,888,652 Total unrealized losses $ 16,883,189 $ 267,774,539 $ 2,291,672 $ 13,189,587 $ 19,174,861 $ 280,964,126 At December 31, 2021 Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions $ 1,989 $ 548,715 $ - $ - $ 1,989 $ 548,715 Corporate Securities 73,507 4,638,750 280,161 3,771,813 353,668 8,410,563 Mortgage and other asset-backed securities 72,952 7,934,760 88,380 1,582,804 161,332 9,517,564 Total unrealized losses $ 148,448 $ 13,122,225 $ 368,541 $ 5,354,617 $ 516,989 $ 18,476,842 There were 713 securities with fair value of 93.6 % of amortized cost at December 31, 2022. There were 55 securities with fair value of 97.3 % of amortized cost at December 31, 2021. Credit losses of nil and $ 39,502 have been recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates its fixed maturity securities classified as available for sale. This evaluation includes a review of current ratings by the National Association of Insurance Commissions (“NAIC”). Securities with a rating of 1 or 2 are considered investment grade and are not reviewed for impairment, unless current market or recent company news could lead to a credit downgrade. Securities with ratings of 3 to 5 are evaluated for impairment. Securities with a rating of 6 are automatically determined to be impaired and are written down. The evaluation involves an analysis of the securities in relation to historical values, interest payment history, projected earnings and revenue growth rates as well as a review of the reason for a downgrade in the NAIC rating. Based on the analysis of a security that is rated 3 to 5, a determination is made whether the security will likely make interest and principal payments in accordance with the terms of the financial instrument. If it is unlikely that the security will meet contractual obligations, the loss is considered to be other than temporary, the security is written down to the new anticipated market value and an impairment loss is recognized. The fair values of fixed maturity securities are based on quoted market prices, when available. For fixed maturity securities not actively traded, fair values are estimated using values obtained from independent pricing services, or in the case of private placements, are estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using a current market value applicable to the coupon rate, credit and maturity of the investments. 57 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) The following table presents a rollforward of the Company’s cumulative other than temporary credit impairments (“OTTI”) recognized in earnings on fixed maturity securities available for sale. Schedule of Earnings on Fixed Maturity Securities 2022 2021 Balance of credit-related OTTI at January 1 $ 264,977 $ 370,975 Additions for credit impairments recognized on: Securities not previously impaired - 39,502 Securities previously impaired - - Reductions for credit impairments previously recognized on: Securities that matured or were sold during the period (realized) ( 39,502 ) ( 145,500 ) Securities due to an increase in expected cash flows - - Balance of credit-related OTTI at December 31 $ 225,475 $ 264,977 The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities available for sale at December 31, 2022, by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Schedule of Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value Due in 1 year $ - $ - Due in 2-5 years 139,431,212 135,093,083 Due in 5-10 years 87,552,213 84,011,366 Due in more than 10 years 102,015,400 96,924,331 Mortgage-backed securities 33,501,686 29,569,712 Redeemable preferred stock 250,000 260,000 Total $ 362,750,511 $ 345,858,492 The Company is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines and Dallas (“FHLB”). The Company pledged a total of $ 93,034,880 , at estimated fair value, of fixed maturity securities with the FHLB at December 31, 2022. These securities are used as collateral on any cash borrowings from the FHLB. As of December 31, 2022, the Company owed nil to the FHLB and its estimated maximum borrowing capacity was $ 86,032,116 . 58 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) Investment Related Earnings The following table presents the net realized gains and losses from sales, calls, and maturities, unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, and other than temporary impairments from investments and other assets. Schedule of Gain (Loss) on Investments 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Fixed maturity securities available for sale: Gross realized gains $ 205,949 $ 984,740 Gross realized losses ( 43,776 ) ( 139,728 ) Other than temporary impairments - ( 39,502 ) Equity securities: Gains (losses) on securities sold ( 10,519 ) 390,597 Unrealized gains (losses) on securities held at the end of the period ( 2,109,556 ) 2,732,130 Mortgage loans held for investment: Gross realized gains - 1,890,826 Gross realized losses - ( 4,190 ) Real estate held for investment and sale: Gross realized gains 1,239,332 2,347,924 Gross realized losses ( 825,593 ) ( 2,426,428 ) Other assets, including call and put option derivatives: Gross realized gains 686,703 547,785 Gross realized losses - ( 58,522 ) Total $ ( 857,460 ) $ 6,225,632 The net realized gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date, and the cost of the securities sold is determined using the specific identification method. Net realized gains and losses includes gains and losses by the restricted assets and cemetery perpetual care trust investments of the cemeteries and mortuaries of $ 817,000 in net losses and $ 933,045 in net gains for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Information regarding sales of fixed maturity securities available for sale is presented as follows. Schedule of Major Categories of Net Investment Income 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Proceeds from sales $ 3,091,105 $ 2,896,351 Gross realized gains 24,281 208,698 Gross realized losses ( 32,976 ) ( 4,046 ) 59 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) Major categories of net investment income were as follows: 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 12,395,764 $ 10,769,979 Equity securities 511,118 446,337 Mortgage loans held for investment 34,949,763 28,758,614 Real estate held for investment and sale 14,563,269 12,334,989 Policy loans 932,362 940,890 Insurance assignments 18,112,840 19,062,052 Other investments 518,865 131,145 Cash and cash equivalents 1,666,945 235,470 Gross investment income 83,650,926 72,679,476 Investment expenses ( 17,453,334 ) ( 14,414,793 ) Net investment income $ 66,197,592 $ 58,264,683 Net investment income includes income earned by the restricted assets and cemetery perpetual care trust investments of the cemeteries and mortuaries of $ 2,404,277 and $ 1,472,295 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net investment income on real estate consists primarily of rental revenue. Investment expenses consist primarily of depreciation, property taxes, operating expenses of real estate and an estimated portion of administrative expenses relating to investment activities. Securities on deposit for regulatory authorities as required by law amounted to $ 11,032,165 and $ 10,168,853 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (the December 31, 2021 amount has been corrected from that previously reported due to a typographical error). The restricted securities are included in various assets under investments on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. There were no investments, aggregated by issuer, in excess of 10% of shareholders’ equity (before net unrealized gains and losses) at December 31, 2022, other than investments issued or guaranteed by the United States Government. Real Estate Held for Investment and Held for Sale The Company strategically deploys resources into real estate to match the income and yield durations of its primary obligations. The sources for these real estate assets come through its various business segments in the form of acquisition, development and mortgage foreclosures. The Company reports real estate held for investment and held for sale pursuant to the accounting policy discussed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Commercial Real Estate Held for Investment and Held for Sale The Company owns and manages commercial real estate assets as a means of generating investment income. These assets are acquired in accordance with the Company’s goals and objectives for risk-adjusted returns. Due diligence is conducted on each asset using internal and third-party reports. Geographic locations and asset classes of the investment activity is determined by senior management under the direction of the Board of Directors. 60 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) The Company employs full-time employees to attend to the day-to-day operations of those assets within the greater Salt Lake area and close surrounding markets. The Company utilizes third-party property managers when the geographic boundary does not warrant full-time staff or through strategic lease-up periods. The Company generally looks to acquire assets in regions that are high growth regions for employment and population and assets that provide operational efficiencies. The Company currently owns and operates nine commercial properties in three states. These properties include office buildings, flex office space, and includes the redevelopment and expansion of its corporate campus (“Center53”) in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Company does use debt in strategic cases to leverage established yields or to acquire a higher quality or different class of asset. The aggregated net ending balance of commercial real estate that serves as collateral for bank loans was $ 129,330,119 and $ 134,251,205 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The associated bank loan carrying values totaled $ 97,112,131 and $ 85,663,148 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded impairment losses on commercial real estate held for sale of nil and $ 2,028,378 , respectively. Impairment losses are included in gains (losses) on investments and other assets on the consolidated statements of earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded depreciation expense on commercial real estate held for investment of $ 6,090,575 and $ 3,592,207 , respectively. Commercial real estate held for investment is stated at cost and is depreciated over the estimated useful life, primarily using the straight-line method. Depreciation is included in net investment income on the consolidated statements of earnings. Operating leases arise from the leasing of the Company’s commercial real estate held for investment. Initial lease terms generally range from three to ten years . The Company’s commercial real estate held for investment is summarized as follows: Schedule of Commercial Real Estate Investment Net Ending Balance Total Square Footage December 31 December 31 2022 2021 2022 2021 Utah (1) $ 147,627,946 $ 150,105,948 625,920 625,920 Louisiana 2,380,847 2,426,612 31,778 31,778 Mississippi 2,881,863 2,860,775 19,694 19,694 $ 152,890,656 $ 155,393,335 677,392 677,392 (1) Includes Center53 phase 1 and phase 2 61 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease payments to be received. Schedule of Annual Undiscounted Cash Flows of Operating Lease Payments 2023 $ 11,650,181 2024 10,310,144 2025 9,933,831 2026 8,282,769 2027 6,720,796 Thereafter 50,530,849 Total $ 97,428,570 The Company’s commercial real estate held for sale is summarized as follows: Net Ending Balance Total Square Footage December 31 December 31 2022 2021 2022 2021 Kansas $ - $ 2,000,000 - 222,679 Louisiana - 389,145 - 2,872 Mississippi (1) 151,553 151,553 - - $ 151,553 $ 2,540,698 - 225,551 (1) Approximately 93 acres of undeveloped land This property is being marketed with the assistance of commercial real estate brokers in the markets where the property is located. Residential Real Estate Held for Investment and Held for Sale The Company occasionally owns a small portfolio of residential homes primarily as a result of loan foreclosures. The Company has the option to sell them or to continue to hold them for cash flow and acceptable returns. The Company also invests in residential subdivision land developments. The Company established Security National Real Estate Services (“SNRE”) to manage the residential portfolio. SNRE cultivates and maintains the preferred vendor relationships necessary to manage costs and quality of work performed on the residential portfolio across the country. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded impairment losses on residential real estate held for sale of $ 94,400 and nil , respectively. These impairment losses are included in gains (losses) on investments and other assets on the consolidated statements of earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded depreciation expense on residential real estate held for investment of $ 10,592 and $ 12,850 , respectively. Residential real estate held for investment is stated at cost and is depreciated over the estimated useful life, primarily using the straight-line method. Depreciation is included in net investment income on the consolidated statements of earnings. 62 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) The net ending balance of foreclosed residential real estate included in residential real estate held for investment or sale was $ 11,010,029 and $ 1,190,602 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company’s residential real estate held for investment is summarized as follows: Schedule of Residential Real Estate Investment Net Ending Balance December 31 2022 2021 Utah (1) $ 38,437,960 $ 41,686,281 Washington (2) - 286,181 $ 38,437,960 $ 41,972,462 (1) Including subdivision land developments (2) Improved residential lots The following table presents additional information regarding the Company’s subdivision land developments in Utah. December 31 2022 2021 Lots available for sale 80 67 Lots to be developed 1,131 548 Ending Balance $ 38,241,705 $ 41,479,434 The Company’s residential real estate held for sale is summarized as follows: 2022 2021 Net Ending Balance December 31 2022 2021 Utah $ 11,010,029 $ - Nevada - 979,640 Texas - 200,962 Ohio - 10,000 Real estate held for sale $ 11,010,029 $ 1,190,602 These properties are all actively being marketed with the assistance of residential real estate brokers. The Company expects these properties to sell within the coming 12 months. 63 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) Real Estate Owned and Occupied by the Company The primary business units of the Company occupy a portion of the commercial real estate owned by the Company. As of December 31, 2022, real estate owned and occupied by the Company is summarized as follows: Schedule of Real Estate Owned and Occupied by the Company Location Business Segment Approximate Square Footage Square Footage Occupied by the Company 433 Ascension Way, Floors 4, 5 and 6, Salt Lake City, UT - Center53 Building 2 Corporate Offices, Life Insurance, Cemetery/Mortuary Operations, and Mortgage Operations and Sales 221,000 50 % 1044 River Oaks Dr., Flowood, MS Life Insurance Operations 19,694 28 % 1818 Marshall Street, Shreveport, LA (1) Life Insurance Operations 12,274 100 % 909 Foisy Street, Alexandria, LA (1) Life Insurance Sales 8,059 100 % 812 Sheppard Street, Minden, LA (1) Life Insurance Sales 1,560 100 % 1550 N 3rd Street, Jena, LA (1) Life Insurance Sales 1,737 100 % (1) Included in property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets Mortgage Loans Held for Investment The Company reports mortgage loans held for investment pursuant to the accounting policy discussed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Mortgage loans consist of first and second mortgages. The mortgage loans bear interest at rates ranging from 2.0 % to 10.5 %, maturity dates range from nine months to 30 years and are secured by real estate. Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of mortgage loan debtors have similar economic characteristics that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. Although the Company has a diversified mortgage loan portfolio consisting of residential mortgages, commercial loans and residential construction loans and requires collateral on all real estate exposures, a substantial portion of its debtors’ ability to honor obligations is reliant on the economic stability of the geographic region in which the debtors do business. At December 31, 2022, the Company had 64 %, 10 %, 5 %, 5 %, 3 % and 3 % of its mortgage loans from borrowers located in the states of Utah, Florida, California, Texas, Nevada and Arizona, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the Company had 70 %, 7 %, 5 %, 4 %, 4 % and 2 % of its mortgage loans from borrowers located in the states of Utah, Florida, California, Texas, Nevada and Arizona, respectively. 64 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) The Company establishes a valuation allowance for credit losses in its mortgage loans held for investment portfolio. The following table presents the valuation allowance for loan losses as a contra-asset account. Schedule of Allowance for Loan Losses as Contra Asset Account Commercial Residential Residential Construction Total December 31, 2022 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 187,129 $ 1,469,571 $ 43,202 $ 1,699,902 Charge-offs - - - - Provision - 270,409 - 270,409 Ending balance $ 187,129 $ 1,739,980 $ 43,202 $ 1,970,311 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 225,667 $ - $ 225,667 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 187,129 $ 1,514,313 $ 43,202 $ 1,744,644 Mortgage loans: Ending balance $ 46,311,955 $ 93,355,623 $ 172,516,125 $ 312,183,703 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 405,000 $ 2,162,385 $ - $ 2,567,385 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 45,906,955 $ 91,193,238 $ 172,516,125 $ 309,616,318 December 31, 2021 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 187,129 $ 1,774,796 $ 43,202 $ 2,005,127 Charge-offs - - - - Provision - ( 305,225 ) - ( 305,225 ) Ending balance $ 187,129 $ 1,469,571 $ 43,202 $ 1,699,902 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 105,384 $ - $ 105,384 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 187,129 $ 1,364,187 $ 43,202 $ 1,594,518 Mortgage loans: Ending balance $ 51,683,022 $ 53,533,712 $ 175,117,783 $ 280,334,517 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,723,372 $ 2,548,656 $ - $ 4,272,028 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 49,959,650 $ 50,985,056 $ 175,117,783 $ 276,062,489 (1) (1) Amount corrected from that previously reported due to a typographical error. 65 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) The following table presents the aging of mortgage loans held for investment. Schedule of Aging of Mortgage Loans Commercial Residential Residential Construction Total December 31, 2022 30-59 Days Past Due $ 1,000,000 $ 3,553,390 $ - $ 4,553,390 60-89 Days Past Due - 814,184 - 814,184 Greater Than 90 Days (1) - 1,286,211 - 1,286,211 In Process of Foreclosure (1) 405,000 876,174 - 1,281,174 Total Past Due 1,405,000 6,529,959 - 7,934,959 Current 44,906,955 86,825,664 172,516,125 304,248,744 Total Mortgage Loans 46,311,955 93,355,623 172,516,125 312,183,703 Allowance for Loan Losses ( 187,129 ) ( 1,739,980 ) ( 43,202 ) ( 1,970,311 ) Unamortized deferred loan fees, net ( 199,765 ) ( 1,212,994 ) ( 333,846 ) ( 1,746,605 ) Unamortized discounts, net ( 230,987 ) ( 111,873 ) - ( 342,860 ) Net Mortgage Loans $ 45,694,074 $ 90,290,776 $ 172,139,077 $ 308,123,927 December 31, 2021 30-59 Days Past Due $ - $ 3,117,826 $ 1,363,127 $ 4,480,953 60-89 Days Past Due 100,204 580,815 - 681,019 Greater Than 90 Days (1) 1,723,372 2,052,062 - 3,775,434 In Process of Foreclosure (1) - 496,594 - 496,594 Total Past Due 1,823,576 6,247,297 1,363,127 9,434,000 Current 49,859,446 47,286,415 173,754,656 270,900,517 Total Mortgage Loans 51,683,022 53,533,712 175,117,783 280,334,517 Allowance for Loan Losses ( 187,129 ) ( 1,469,571 ) ( 43,202 ) ( 1,699,902 ) Unamortized deferred loan fees, net ( 36,813 ) ( 498,600 ) ( 383,173 ) ( 918,586 ) Unamortized discounts, net ( 240,614 ) ( 169,369 ) - ( 409,983 ) Net Mortgage Loans $ 51,218,466 $ 51,396,172 $ 174,691,408 $ 277,306,046 (1) Interest income is not recognized on loans past due greater than 90 days or in foreclosure. 66 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) Impaired Mortgage Loans Held for Investment Impaired mortgage loans held for investment include loans with a related specific valuation allowance or loans whose carrying amount has been reduced to the expected collectible amount because the impairment has been considered other than temporary. The recorded investment in and unpaid principal balance of impaired loans along with the related loan specific allowance for losses, if any, for each reporting period and the average recorded investment and interest income recognized during the time the loans were impaired are summarized as follows: Schedule of Impaired Mortgage Loans Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2022 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 405,000 $ 405,000 $ - $ 762,175 $ - Residential 1,142,494 1,142,494 - 998,798 - Residential construction - - - 103,976 - With an allowance recorded: Commercial $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Residential 1,019,891 1,019,891 225,667 683,922 - Residential construction - - - - - Total: Commercial $ 405,000 $ 405,000 $ - $ 762,175 $ - Residential 2,162,385 2,162,385 225,667 1,682,720 - Residential construction - - - 103,976 - December 31, 2021 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 1,723,372 $ 1,723,372 $ - $ 1,053,865 $ - Residential 1,591,368 1,591,368 - 2,731,421 - Residential construction - - - 100,481 - With an allowance recorded: Commercial $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Residential 957,288 957,288 105,384 726,449 - Residential construction - - - - - Total: Commercial $ 1,723,372 $ 1,723,372 $ - $ 1,053,865 $ - Residential 2,548,656 2,548,656 105,384 3,457,870 - Residential construction - - - 100,481 - Credit Risk Profile Based on Performance Status The Company’s mortgage loans held for investment portfolio is monitored based on performance of the loans. Monitoring a mortgage loan increases when the loan is delinquent or earlier if there is an indication of impairment. The Company defines non-performing mortgage loans as loans 90 days or greater delinquent or on non-accrual status. 67 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 2) Investments (Continued) The Company’s performing and non-performing mortgage loans held for investment are summarized as follows: Schedule of Credit Risk of Mortgage Loans Based on Performance Status Commercial Residential Residential Construction Total December 31 December 31 December 31 December 31 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 Performing $ 45,906,955 $ 49,959,650 $ 91,193,238 $ 50,985,056 $ 172,516,125 $ 175,117,783 $ 309,616,318 $ 276,062,489 Non-performing 405,000 1,723,372 2,162,385 2,548,656 - - 2,567,385 4,272,028 Total $ 46,311,955 $ 51,683,022 $ 93,355,623 $ 53,533,712 $ 172,516,125 $ 175,117,783 $ 312,183,703 $ 280,334,517 Non-Accrual Mortgage Loans Held for Investment Once a loan is past due 90 days, it is the policy of the Company to end the accrual of interest income on the loan and write off any income that had been accrued. Payments received for loans on a non-accrual status are recognized on a cash basis. Interest income recognized from any payments received for loans on a non-accrual status was immaterial. Accrual of interest resumes if a loan is brought current. Interest not accrued on these loans totals approximately $ 226,000 and $ 236,000 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Principal Amounts Due The following table presents the amortized cost and contractual payments on mortgage loans held for investment by category as of December 31, 2022. Expected principal payments may differ from contractual obligations because certain borrowers may elect to pay off mortgage obligations with or without early payment penalties. Schedule of Mortgage loans Held for Investment Principal Principal Principal Amounts Amounts Amounts Due in Due in Due Total 1 Year 2-5 Years Thereafter Residential $ 93,355,623 $ 1,332,862 $ 10,000,042 $ 82,022,719 Residential Construction 172,516,125 167,805,559 4,710,566 - Commercial 46,311,955 9,405,903 28,597,132 8,308,920 Total $ 312,183,703 $ 178,544,324 $ 43,307,740 $ 90,331,639 68 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 3) Loans Held for Sale The Company elected the fair value option for loans held for sale. Changes in the fair value of the loans are included in mortgage fee income. Interest income is recorded based on the contractual terms of the loan and in accordance with the Company’s policy on mortgage loans held for investment and is included in mortgage fee income on the consolidated statement of earnings. There aren’t any loans that are 90 or more days past due and on a nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2022. See Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures regarding loans held for sale. The following table presents the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans held for sale. Schedule of Aggregate Fair Value Loans Held for Sale 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Aggregate fair value $ 141,179,620 $ 302,776,827 Unpaid principal balance 141,337,811 294,481,503 Unrealized (loss) gain ( 158,191 ) 8,295,324 Mortgage Fee Income Mortgage fee income consists of origination fees, processing fees, interest income and certain other income related to the origination and sale of mortgage loans held for sale. Major categories of mortgage fee income for loans held for sale are summarized as follows: Schedule of Mortgage Fee Income for Loans Held for Sale 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Loan fees $ 24,184,972 $ 37,723,433 Interest income 9,666,149 9,385,469 Secondary gains 153,870,807 (1) 230,417,029 Change in fair value of loan commitments ( 4,308,638 ) ( 3,113,095 ) Change in fair value of loans held for sale ( 8,834,797 ) ( 8,783,376 ) Provision for loan loss reserve ( 1,078,812 ) ( 2,211,230 ) Mortgage fee income $ 173,499,681 $ 263,418,230 (1) Includes a net gain of $ 34,051,938 for the sale of mortgage servicing rights Loan Loss Reserve When a repurchase demand corresponding to a mortgage loan previously held for sale and sold to a third-party investor is received from a third-party investor, the relevant data is reviewed and captured so that an estimated future loss can be calculated. The key factors that are used in the estimated loss calculation are as follows: (i) lien position, (ii) payment status, (iii) claim type, (iv) unpaid principal balance, (v) interest rate, and (vi) validity of the demand. Other data is captured and is useful for management purposes; the actual estimated loss is generally based on these key factors. The Company conducts its own review upon the receipt of a repurchase demand. In many instances, the Company is able to resolve the issues relating to the repurchase demand by the third-party investor without having to make any payments to the investor. 69 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 3) Loans Held for Sale (Continued) The loan loss reserve, which is included in other liabilities and accrued expenses, is summarized as follows: Summary of Loan Loss Reserve Included in Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses December 31 2022 2021 Balance, beginning of period $ 2,447,139 $ 20,583,618 Provision for current loan originations (1) 1,078,812 2,211,230 Charge-offs, net of recaptured amounts ( 1,800,284 ) ( 20,347,709 ) Balance, at December 31 $ 1,725,667 $ 2,447,139 (1) Included in Mortgage fee income The Company maintains reserves for estimated losses on current production volumes. For the year ended December 31, 2022, $ 1,078,812 in reserves were added at a rate of 3.19 basis points per loan, the equivalent of $ 319 per $ 1,000,000 in loans originated. This is a decrease over the year ended December 31, 2021, when $ 2,211,230 in reserves were added at a rate of 3.9 basis points per loan originated, the equivalent of $ 390 per $ 1,000,000 in loans originated. In February 2021, SecurityNational Mortgage executed a settlement agreement with Lehman Holdings in relation to two adversary proceedings wherein all mortgage loan related claims were resolved, thereby ending all liabilities asserted by Lehman Holdings and conclusively ending all proceedings between SecurityNational Mortgage and Lehman Holdings. The full amount of SecurityNational Mortgage’s settlement payment was accounted for in the Company’s loan loss reserve as of December 31, 2020 and was paid during the first quarter 2021. The unique nature of COVID-19 creates significant difficulty for forecasting potential future losses. The Company will continue to monitor data and economic conditions in order to maintain adequate loss reserves on current production. Thus, the Company believes that the final loan loss reserve as of December 31, 2022, represents its best estimate for adequate loss reserves on loans sold. 70 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 4) Receivables Receivables consist of the following: Schedule of Receivables 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Trade contracts $ 5,392,779 $ 5,298,636 Receivables from sales agents 2,209,185 2,360,807 Other 23,200,919 12,457,398 Total receivables 30,802,883 20,116,841 Allowance for doubtful accounts ( 2,229,791 ) ( 1,800,725 ) Net receivables $ 28,573,092 $ 18,316,116 5) Value of Business Acquired, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Information with regard to value of business acquired was as follows: Schedule of Value of Business Acquired 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Balance at beginning of year $ 8,421,432 $ 8,955,249 Value of business acquired 2,136,085 586,840 Imputed interest at 7 % included in earnings 642,919 (1) 613,028 (1) Amortization included in earnings ( 1,907,250 )(1) ( 1,728,157 )(1) Shadow amortization included in other comprehensive income 510,550 ( 5,528 ) Net amortization ( 753,781 ) ( 1,120,657 ) Balance at end of year $ 9,803,736 $ 8,421,432 (1) Included in Amortization of deferred policy and pre-need acquistion costs and value of business acquired on the consolidated statements of earnings Presuming no additional acquisitions, net amortization charged to income is expected to approximate the following: Schedule of Acquisitions Net Amortization Charged to Income 2023 $ 1,181,000 2024 1,098,000 2025 995,000 2026 924,000 2027 841,000 Thereafter 4,764,736 Total $ 9,803,736 Actual amortization may vary based on changes in assumptions or experience. As of December 31, 2022, value of business acquired is being amortized over a weighted average life of 5.7 years. 71 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 5) Value of Business Acquired, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Continued) Information regarding goodwill by segment was as follows: Schedule of Goodwill by Segment Life Insurance Cemetery/ Mortuary Total Balance at January 1, 2021: Goodwill $ 2,765,570 $ 754,018 $ 3,519,588 Accumulated impairment - - - Total goodwill, net 2,765,570 754,018 3,519,588 Acquisition - 1,734,195 (1) 1,734,195 Balance at December 31, 2021: Goodwill 2,765,570 2,488,213 5,253,783 Accumulated impairment - - - Total goodwill, net 2,765,570 2,488,213 5,253,783 Acquisition - - - Balance at December 31, 2022: Goodwill 2,765,570 2,488,213 5,253,783 Accumulated impairment - - - Total goodwill, net $ 2,765,570 $ 2,488,213 $ 5,253,783 (1) See Note 20 regarding the acquisition of Rivera Funerals, Cremations and Memorial Gardens and Holbrook Mortuary Goodwill is not amortized but is tested annually for impairment. The annual impairment tests resulted in no impairment of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. 72 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 5) Value of Business Acquired, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Continued) The carrying value of the Company’s other intangible assets were as follows which is included in other assets: Schedule of Carrying Value of Intangible Asset December 31 Useful Life 2022 2021 Intangible asset - trade name (1) 15 years $ 2,100,000 $ 2,100,000 Intangible asset - customer lists 15 years 890,000 890,000 Intangible asset - trade name (2) 15 years 610,000 610,000 Intangible assets - other (1) 15 years 210,000 210,000 Less accumulated amortization ( 553,333 ) ( 297,333 ) Balance at end of year $ 3,256,667 $ 3,512,667 (1) See Note 20 regarding the acquisition of Rivera Funerals, Cremations and Memorial Gardens (2) Kilpatrick Life Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $ 256,000 and $ 99,999 , respectively, and is included in other expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings. The following table summarizes the Company’s estimate of future amortization for the other intangible assets: Schedule of Estimate of Future Amortization for Other Intangible Assets 2023 $ 254,000 2024 254,000 2025 254,000 2026 254,000 2027 254,000 Thereafter 1,986,667 Total $ 3,256,667 73 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 6) Property and Equipment Property and equipment is summarized below: Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Land and buildings $ 16,545,799 $ 16,532,593 Furniture and equipment 17,567,906 24,799,115 Property, plant and equipment, gross 34,113,705 41,331,708 Less accumulated depreciation ( 13,534,056 ) ( 19,814,110 ) Total $ 20,579,649 $ 21,517,598 Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $ 2,496,906 and $ 1,935,613 , respectively. Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, primarily using the straight-line method. During 2021, the Company reclassified a building with a gross building cost of $ 3,640,755 with its associated accumulated depreciation of $ 532,074 from property and equipment to real estate held for investment. See Note 20 for additional information regarding property and equipment acquired through acquisitions. 74 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 7) Bank and Other Loans Payable Bank and other loans payable are summarized as follows: Summary of Bank Loans Payable December 31 2022 2021 $ 1,690,892 $ 2,481,878 Prime rate note payable in monthly installments of $ 75,108 including principal and interest,collateralized by shares of Security National Life Insurance Company stock, due December 2024. $ 1,690,892 $ 2,481,878 4.329 % fixed note payable in monthly installments of $ 9,775 including principal and interest,collateralized by real property with a book value of approximately $ 3,023,000 , paid in full April 2022. - 1,825,608 4.00 % variable with LIBOR at a 1 % floor and a spread at 3 % rate construction loan collateralized by real property with a book value of approximately $ 65,422,000 , paid off with long term financing in May 2022. - 34,547,181 3.85 % fixed note payable in monthly installments of $ 243,781 including principal and interest, collateralized by real property with a book value of approximately $ 65,422,000 , due June 2032. 48,613,833 - 3.30 % fixed note payable in monthly installments of $ 179,562 including principal and interest, collateralized by real property with a book value of approximately $ 46,960,000 , due April 2031. 39,298,298 40,090,359 4.7865 % fixed interest only note payable in monthly installments, collateralized by real property with a book value of approximately $ 16,948,000 , due June 2028. 9,200,000 9,200,000 1 month SOFR rate plus 2.1 % loan purchase agreement with a warehouse line availability of $ 100,000,000 , matures June 2023. 17,978,527 66,305,025 1 month SOFR rate plus 2 % loan purchase agreement with a warehouse line availability of $ 100,000,000 , matures November 2023. 29,768,762 50,555,909 1 month SOFR rate plus 2.5 % loan purchase agreement with a warehouse line availability of $ 75,000,000 , matures May 2023. 15,131,410 43,196,986 1 month SOFR rate plus 2.1 % loan purchase agreement with a warehouse line availability of $ 50,000,000 , matures June 2023. - 1,764,386 Other short-term borrowings (1) - 1,250,000 Finance lease liabilities 31,082 62,767 Other loans payable - 6,828 Total bank and other loans 161,712,804 251,286,927 Less current installments 65,560,608 164,747,672 Bank and other loans, excluding current installments $ 96,152,196 $ 86,539,255 (1) Revolving Line of Credit 75 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 7) Bank and Other Loans Payable (Continued) Sources of Liquidity Federal Home Loan Bank Membership The Federal Home Loan Banks (“the FHLBs”) are a group of cooperatives that lending institutions use to finance housing and economic development in local communities. The Company is a member of the FHLB based in Des Moines, Iowa and based in Dallas, Texas. As a member of the FHLB, the Company is required to maintain a minimum investment in capital stock of the FHLB and may pledge collateral to the bank for advances of funds to be used in its operations. Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines At December 31, 2022, the amount available for borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines was approximately $ 80,312,445 , compared with $ 19,259,722 at December 31, 2021. United States Treasury fixed maturity securities with an estimated fair value of $ 86,338,880 at December 31, 2022 have been pledged at the FHLB of Des Moines as collateral for current and potential borrowings compared with $ 20,244,900 at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no outstanding FHLB borrowings. At December 31, 2022, the Company’s total investment in FHLB stock was $ 856,800 compared with $ 826,800 at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022, the Company was contingently liable under standby letters of credit aggregating $ 968,903 , $ 443,758 to be used as collateral to cover any contingency related to additional risk assessments pertaining to the Company’s captive insurance program and $ 525,145 for land developments. Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas At December 31, 2022, the amount available for borrowings from the FHLB of Dallas was approximately $ 5,719,671 , compared with $ 7,794,625 at December 31, 2021. Mortgage-Backed fixed maturity securities with an estimated fair value of $ 6,696,100 at December 31, 2022 have been pledged at the FHLB of Dallas as collateral for current and potential borrowings compared with $ 8,774,352 at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no outstanding FHLB borrowings. At December 31, 2022, the Company’s total investment in FHLB stock was $ 1,743,500 compared with $ 1,720,300 at December 31, 2021. Revolving Lines of Credit The Company has a $ 2,000,000 revolving line-of-credit with a bank with interest payable at the prime rate plus 1.25 % with a 3 % prime floor, secured by the capital stock of Security National Life and maturing December 31, 2023 , renewable annually. At December 31, 2022, the Company was contingently liable under standby letters of credit aggregating $ 622,293 , to be used as collateral for residential subdivision land developments. The standby letters of credit will draw on the line of credit if necessary. The Company does not expect any material losses to result from the issuance of the standby letters of credit. As of December 31, 2022, there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving line-of-credit. The Company also has a $ 2,500,000 revolving line-of-credit with a bank with interest payable at the daily simple SOFR plus 2.35 %, which includes a mandatory .10% credit spread adjustment, maturing December 31, 2023 . As of December 31, 2022, there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving line-of-credit. 76 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 7) Bank and Other Loans Payable (Continued) Debt Covenants for Mortgage Warehouse Lines of Credit The Company, through its subsidiary SecurityNational Mortgage, has a $ 100,000,000 line of credit with Wells Fargo Bank N.A. The agreement charges interest at the 1-Month SOFR rate plus 2.1% and matures on June 2, 2023 . SecurityNational Mortgage is required to comply with covenants for adjusted tangible net worth, unrestricted cash balance, the ratio of indebtedness to adjusted tangible net worth, and the liquidity overhead coverage ratio, and a quarterly gross profit of at least $ 1.00 . The Company, through its subsidiary SecurityNational Mortgage, has a line of credit with Texas Capital Bank N.A. This agreement with the bank allows SecurityNational Mortgage to borrow up to $ 100,000,000 for the sole purpose of funding mortgage loans. The agreement charges interest at the 1-Month SOFR rate plus 2% and matures on November 9, 2023 . The Company is required to comply with covenants for adjusted tangible net worth, unrestricted cash balance, and minimum combined pre-tax income (excluding any changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights) of at least $ 1.00 on a rolling four-quarter basis. The Company through its subsidiary SecurityNational Mortgage, has a line of credit with Comerica Bank. This agreement with the bank allows SecurityNational Mortgage to borrow up to $ 75,000,000 for the sole purpose of funding mortgage loans. The agreement charges interest at the 1-Month SOFR rate plus 2.50% and matures on May 26, 2023 . The Company is required to comply with covenants for adjusted tangible net worth, unrestricted cash balance, and minimum combined pre-tax income (excluding any changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights) of at least $ 1.00 on a rolling twelve months. The Company through its subsidiary SecurityNational Mortgage, has a line of credit with U.S Bank. This agreement with the bank allows SecurityNational Mortgage to borrow up to $ 50,000,000 for the sole purpose of funding mortgage loans. The agreement charges interest at 2.10% plus the greater of (i) 0% , and (ii) the one-month forward-looking term rate based on SOFR and matures on June 2, 2023 . The Company is required to comply with covenants for adjusted tangible net worth, unrestricted cash balance, and minimum combined pre-tax income (excluding any changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights) of at least $ 1.00 on a rolling twelve months. The agreements for warehouse lines include cross default provisions in that a covenant violation under one agreement constitutes a covenant violation under the other agreement. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. The following tabulation shows the combined maturities of bank and other loans payable: Schedule of Combined Maturities of Bank Loans Payable Lines of Credit and Notes and Contracts Payable 2023 $ 65,560,608 2024 2,785,674 2025 1,981,991 2026 1,883,515 2027 1,997,551 Thereafter 87,503,465 Total $ 161,712,804 Interest expense in 2022 and 2021 was $ 7,830,443 and $ 7,127,516 , respectively. Interest paid in 2022 and 2021 was $ 7,697,921 and $ 7,290,867 , respectively. 77 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 8) Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments and Obligation and Restricted Assets Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments and Obligation State law requires the Company to pay into endowment care trusts a portion of the proceeds from the sale of certain cemetery property interment rights for cemeteries that have established an endowment care trust. These endowment care trusts are defined as variable interest entities pursuant to GAAP. Also, management has determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of these trusts, as it absorbs both a majority of the losses and returns associated with the trusts. The Company has consolidated cemetery endowment care trust investments with a corresponding amount recorded as Cemetery Perpetual Care Obligation in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets . The components of the cemetery perpetual care investments and obligation as of December 31, 2022 are as follows: Schedule of Investments Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value December 31, 2022: Fixed maturity securities, available for sale, at estimated fair value: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies $ 89,004 $ 42 $ ( 38 ) $ 89,008 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 174,201 - ( 8,478 ) 165,723 Total fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 263,205 $ 42 $ ( 8,516 ) $ 254,731 Equity securities at estimated fair value: Common stock: Industrial, miscellaneous and all other $ 3,195,942 $ 584,383 $ ( 175,163 ) $ 3,605,162 Total equity securities at estimated fair value $ 3,195,942 $ 584,383 $ ( 175,163 ) $ 3,605,162 Mortgage loans held for investment at amortized cost: Residential construction $ 1,506,517 Real estate held for investment: Residential $ ( 16,178 ) Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,925,978 Total cemetery perpetual care trust investments $ 7,276,210 Cemetery perpetual care obligation $ ( 5,099,542 ) Trust investments in excess of trust obligations $ 2,176,668 78 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 8) Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments and Obligation and Restricted Assets (Continued) The components of the cemetery perpetual care investments and obligation as of December 31, 2021 are as follows: Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value December 31, 2021: Fixed maturity securities, available for sale, at estimated fair value: Obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 280,023 $ 4,872 $ ( 928 ) $ 283,967 Corporate securities including public utilities 492,770 8,028 - 500,798 Total fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 772,793 $ 12,900 $ ( 928 ) $ 784,765 Equity securities at estimated fair value: Common stock: Industrial, miscellaneous and all other $ 2,597,745 $ 737,696 $ ( 32,961 ) $ 3,302,480 Total equity securities at estimated fair value $ 2,597,745 $ 737,696 $ ( 32,961 ) $ 3,302,480 Mortgage loans held for investment at amortized cost: Residential construction $ 1,823,533 Real estate held for investment: Residential $ 865,424 Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,059,519 Total cemetery perpetual care trust investments $ 7,835,721 Cemetery perpetual care obligation $ ( 4,915,285 ) Trust investments in excess of trust obligations $ 2,920,436 Fixed Maturity Securities The following tables summarize unrealized losses on fixed maturities securities that were carried at estimated fair value at December 31, 2022 and at December 31, 2021. The unrealized losses were primarily related to interest rate fluctuations and inflation. The tables set forth unrealized losses by duration with the fair value of the related fixed maturity securities: Schedule of Fair Value of Fixed Maturity Securities Unrealized Losses for Less than Twelve Months Fair Value Unrealized Losses for More than Twelve Months Fair Value Total Unrealized Loss Fair Value At December 31, 2022 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies $ 38 $ 59,392 $ - $ - $ 38 $ 59,392 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 1,845 94,612 6,633 71,112 8,478 165,724 Total unrealized losses $ 1,883 $ 154,004 $ 6,633 $ 71,112 $ 8,516 $ 225,116 At December 31, 2021 Obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 928 $ 105,060 $ - $ - $ 928 $ 105,060 Total unrealized losses $ 928 $ 105,060 $ - $ - $ 928 $ 105,060 There were 5 securities with fair value of 96.4 % of aggregate amortized cost at December 31, 2022. There were 2 securities with fair value of 99.1 % of aggregate amortized cost at December 31, 2021. No credit losses have been recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, since the increase in unrealized losses is primarily a result of the recent rise in interest rates. 79 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 8) Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments and Obligation and Restricted Assets (Continued) The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities available for sale at December 31, 2022, by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Schedule of Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date Amortized Estimated Fair Cost Value Due in 1 year $ 89,004 $ 89,008 Due in 2-5 years 77,745 71,112 Due in 5-10 years 41,621 40,816 Due in more than 10 years 54,835 53,795 Total $ 263,205 $ 254,731 Restricted Assets The Company has also established certain restricted assets to provide for future merchandise and service obligations incurred in connection with its pre-need sales for its cemetery and mortuary segment. Restricted cash also represents escrows held for borrowers and investors under servicing and appraisal agreements relating to mortgage loans, funds held by warehouse banks in accordance with loan purchase agreements and funds held in escrow for certain real estate construction development projects. Additionally, the Company elected to maintain its medical benefit fund without change from the prior year and has included this amount as a component of restricted cash. These restricted cash items are for the Company’s life insurance and mortgage segments. Restricted assets as of December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows: Schedule of Restricted Assets in Cemetery and Mortuary Endowment Care and Pre need Merchandise Funds Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value December 31, 2022: Fixed maturity securities, available for sale, at estimated fair value: Obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 1,033,047 $ 866 $ ( 15,360 ) $ 1,018,553 Corporate securities including public utilities 201,771 - ( 3,016 ) 198,755 Total fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 1,234,818 $ 866 $ ( 18,376 ) $ 1,217,308 Equity securities at estimated fair value: Common stock: Industrial, miscellaneous and all other $ 4,955,360 $ 703,049 $ ( 310,165 ) $ 5,348,244 Total equity securities at estimated fair value $ 4,955,360 $ 703,049 $ ( 310,165 ) $ 5,348,244 Mortgage loans held for investment at amortized cost: Residential construction $ 1,731,469 Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 10,638,034 Total restricted assets $ 18,935,055 (1) Including cash and cash equivalents of $ 8,527,620 for the life insurance and mortgage segments. 80 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 8) Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments and Obligation and Restricted Assets (Continued) Restricted assets as of December 31, 2021 are summarized as follows: Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value December 31, 2021: Fixed maturity securities, available for sale, at estimated fair value: Obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 1,058,449 $ 42,456 $ ( 309 ) $ 1,100,596 Corporate securities including public utilities 489,714 13,139 ( 1,761 ) 501,092 Total fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 1,548,163 $ 55,595 $ ( 2,070 ) $ 1,601,688 Equity securities at estimated fair value: Common stock: Industrial, miscellaneous and all other $ 2,781,041 $ 852,443 $ ( 29,662 ) $ 3,603,822 Total equity securities at estimated fair value $ 2,781,041 $ 852,443 $ ( 29,662 ) $ 3,603,822 Mortgage loans held for investment at amortized cost: Residential construction $ 2,732,319 Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 9,000,293 Total restricted assets $ 16,938,122 (1) Including cash and cash equivalents of $ 7,869,295 for the life insurance and mortgage segments. A surplus note receivable in the amount of $ 4,000,000 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, from Security National Life, was eliminated in consolidation. Fixed Maturity Securities The following tables summarize unrealized losses on fixed maturities securities that were carried at estimated fair value at December 31, 2022 and at December 31, 2021. The unrealized losses were primarily related to interest rate fluctuations and inflation. The tables set forth unrealized losses by duration with the fair value of the related fixed maturity securities: Schedule of Fair Value of Fixed Maturity Securities Unrealized Losses for Less than Twelve Months Fair Value Unrealized Losses for More than Twelve Months Fair Value Total Unrealized Loss Fair Value At December 31, 2022 Obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 11,891 $ 760,255 $ 3,469 $ 58,072 $ 15,360 $ 818,327 Corporate securities including public utilities 3,016 198,755 - - 3,016 198,755 Total unrealized losses $ 14,907 $ 959,010 $ 3,469 $ 58,072 $ 18,376 $ 1,017,082 At December 31, 2021 Obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 309 $ 114,208 $ - $ - $ 309 $ 114,208 Corporate securities including public utilities 1,761 232,239 - - 1,761 232,239 Total unrealized losses $ 2,070 $ 346,447 $ - $ - $ 2,070 $ 346,447 There were 17 securities with fair value of 98.2 % of aggregate amortized cost at December 31, 2022. There were 4 securities with fair value of 99.4 % of aggregate amortized cost at December 31, 2021. No credit losses have been recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, since the increase in unrealized losses is primarily a result of the recent rise in interest rates. 81 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 8) Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments and Obligation and Restricted Assets (Continued) The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities available for sale at December 31, 2022, by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Schedule of Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date Amortized Estimated Fair Cost Value Due in 1 year $ - $ - Due in 2-5 years 320,972 312,708 Due in 5-10 years 153,284 152,191 Due in more than 10 years 760,562 752,409 Total $ 1,234,818 $ 1,217,308 See Notes 1, 2 and 17 for additional information regarding restricted assets and cemetery perpetual care trust investments. 82 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 9) Income Taxes The Company’s income tax liability is summarized as follows: Summary of Income Tax Liability 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Current $ 16,352,190 $ ( 1,558,687 ) Deferred 14,358,337 32,594,783 Total $ 30,710,527 $ 31,036,096 Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax (assets) and liabilities are approximately as follows: Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Assets Future policy benefits $ ( 13,974,221 ) $ ( 13,015,255 ) Loan loss reserve ( 448,673 ) ( 636,256 ) Unearned premium ( 582,459 ) ( 642,755 ) Net operating loss ( 237,855 ) ( 898,029 ) Deferred compensation ( 2,166,593 ) ( 2,750,406 ) Deposit obligations ( 631,232 ) ( 635,878 ) Tax on unrealized appreciation ( 2,590,726 ) - Other ( 601,335 ) ( 1,712,895 ) Less: Valuation allowance 1,506,144 882,535 Total deferred tax assets ( 19,726,950 ) ( 19,408,939 ) Liabilities Deferred policy acquisition costs 17,511,778 17,166,200 Basis difference in property, equipment and real estate 11,959,391 9,247,242 Value of business acquired 2,058,785 1,768,501 Deferred gains 1,490,946 15,598,360 Trusts 1,064,387 1,064,387 Tax on unrealized appreciation - 7,159,032 Total deferred tax liabilities 34,085,287 52,003,722 Net deferred tax liability $ 14,358,337 $ 32,594,783 The valuation allowance relates to differences between recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities and ultimate anticipated realization. 83 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 9) Income Taxes (Continued) The Company’s income tax expense is summarized as follows: Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Current Federal $ 15,346,331 $ 629,921 State 3,294,234 343,428 Total Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 18,640,565 973,349 Deferred Federal ( 7,400,620 ) 9,832,556 State ( 2,553,385 ) 1,475,880 Total Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit) ( 9,954,005 ) 11,308,436 Total $ 8,686,560 $ 12,281,785 The reconciliation of income tax expense at the U.S. federal statutory rates is as follows: Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Computed expense at statutory rate $ 7,219,141 $ 10,878,163 State tax expense, net of federal tax benefit 585,269 1,437,255 Change in valuation allowance 623,609 ( 79,385 ) Other, net 258,541 45,752 Income tax expense $ 8,686,560 $ 12,281,785 The Company’s overall effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 25.3 % and 23.7 % respectively. The Company’s effective tax rates differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21 % partially due to its provision for state income taxes and an increase to the valuation allowance related to Kilpatrick Life Insurance Company. The increase in the effective tax rate when compared to the prior year is partially due to an increase to the valuation allowance in the current period when compared to the prior period year. At December 31, 2022, the Company had no significant unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 31, 2022, the Company does not expect any material changes to the estimated amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months. Federal and state income tax returns for 2019 through 2022 are subject to examination by taxing authorities. Net Operating Losses and Tax Credit Carryforwards: Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards Year of Expiration 2023 $ - 2024 - 2025 - 2026 - 2027 - Thereafter up through 2037 1,070,413 Indefinite carryforwards - $ 1,070,413 84 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 10) Reinsurance, Commitments and Contingencies Reinsurance The Company follows the procedure of reinsuring risks in excess of a specified limit, which ranged from $ 25,000 to $ 100,000 during the years 2022 and 2021. The Company is liable for these amounts in the event such reinsurers are unable to pay their portion of the claims. The Company evaluates the financial condition of reinsurers and monitors the concentration of credit risk. The Company had a significant concentration of credit risk with a single reinsurer of 93.7 % and 93.6 % of ceded life insurance in force as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This represented approximately 11.3 % and 11.9 % of the Company’s total life insurance in force as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company has also assumed insurance from other companies. See Financial Statement Schedule IV for information regarding life insurance in force and premiums for reinsurance. Mortgage Loan Loss Settlements Future loan losses can be extremely difficult to estimate. However, the Company believes that its reserve methodology and its current practice of property preservation allow it to estimate potential losses on loans sold. The estimated liability for indemnification losses is included in other liabilities and accrued expenses and, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balances were $ 1,725,667 and $ 2,447,139 , respectively. The Company believes that the loan loss reserve as of December 31, 2022, represents its best estimate for adequate loss reserves on loans sold. Non-Cancelable Leases The Company leases office space and equipment under various non-cancelable agreements. See Note 24 regarding leases. Other Contingencies and Commitments The Company has entered into commitments to fund construction and land development loans and has also provided financing for land acquisition and development. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s commitments were approximately $ 231,250,000 , for these loans of which $ 175,754,000 had been funded. The Company advances funds once the work has been completed and an independent inspection is made. The maximum loan commitment ranges between 50 % and 80 % of appraised value. The Company receives fees and interest for these loans and the interest rate is generally fixed 5.25 % to 8.50 % per annum. Maturities range between six and eighteen months. The Company belongs to a captive insurance group for certain casualty insurance, worker compensation and liability programs. Insurance reserves are maintained relative to these programs. The level of exposure from catastrophic events is limited by the purchase of stop-loss and aggregate liability reinsurance coverage. When estimating the insurance liabilities and related reserves, the captive insurance management considers a number of factors, which include historical claims experience, demographic factors, severity factors and valuations provided by independent third-party actuaries. If actual claims or adverse development of loss reserves occurs and exceed these estimates, additional reserves may be required. The estimation process contains uncertainty since captive insurance management must use judgment to estimate the ultimate cost that will be incurred to settle reported claims and unreported claims for incidents incurred but not reported as of the balance sheet date. The Company is a defendant in various other legal actions arising from the normal conduct of business. Management believes that none of the actions will have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. Based on management’s assessment and legal counsel’s representations concerning the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes, no amounts have been accrued for the above claims in the consolidated financial statements. 85 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 10) Reinsurance, Commitments and Contingencies (Continued) The Company is not a party to any other material legal proceedings outside the ordinary course of business or to any other legal proceedings, which, if adversely determined, would have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. 11) Retirement Plans The Company and its subsidiaries had a noncontributory Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) for all eligible employees. On November 25, 2019, the Company distributed a notice of intent to terminate the ESOP Plan to all current plan participants. The Company also filed Form 5310 application for determination for terminating plan, with the IRS on December 6, 2019. As of the 4 th quarter of 2020, the Company began to distribute the ESOP Plan assets to participants that had made a distribution election. The Company received approval of its application from the IRS and distributed all the remaining ESOP Plan assets to the participants during 2021. The Company has three 401(k) savings plans covering all eligible employees which includes employer participation in accordance with the provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The plans allow participants to make pretax contributions up to a maximum of $ 20,500 and $ 19,500 for the years 2022 and 2021, respectively or the statutory limits. Beginning in January 2008, the Company elected to be a “Safe Harbor” Plan for its matching 401(k) contributions. The Company matched 100% of up to 3% of an employee’s total annual compensation and matched 50% of 4% to 5% of an employee’s annual compensation. The match was in Company stock. The Company’s contribution for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $ 2,573,956 and $ 2,820,315 , respectively under the “Safe Harbor” plan. In 2001, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, and this plan was amended in 2005. Under the terms of the Plan, the Company will provide deferred compensation for a select group of management or highly compensated employees, within the meaning of Sections 201(2), 301(a)(3) and 401(a)(1) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. The Board has appointed a Committee of the Company to be the Plan Administrator and to determine the employees who are eligible to participate in the plan. The employees who participate may elect to defer a portion of their compensation into the plan. The Company may contribute into the plan at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company did not make any contributions for 2022 and 2021. Effective December 2, 2022, the Board members approved a motion to extend the Chief Executive Officer’s employment agreement, dated December 4, 2012, for an additional two-year term ending December 2024. In the event of disability, the Chief Executive Officer’s salary would be continued for up to five years at 75% of its current level of compensation. In the event of a sale or merger of the Company and the Chief Executive Officer is not retained in his current position, the Company would be obligated to continue paying the Chief Executive Officer’s current compensation and benefits for seven years following the merger or sale. The agreement further provides that the Chief Executive Officer is entitled to receive annual retirement benefits beginning (i) one month from the date of his retirement (to commence no sooner than age 65), (ii) five years following complete disability, or (iii) upon termination of his employment without cause. These retirement benefits are to be paid for a period of twenty years in annual installments in the amount equal to 75% of his then current level of compensation. In the event that the Chief Executive Officer dies prior to receiving all retirement benefits thereunder, the remaining benefits are to be paid to his heirs. The Company expensed nil and $ 900,000 during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, to cover the present value of anticipated retirement benefits under the employment agreement. The liability accrued was $ 7,556,363 and $ 7,556,363 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 86 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 11) Retirement Plans (Continued) The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, SecurityNational Mortgage, also has an employment agreement with its former Vice President of Mortgage Operations and President of SecurityNational Mortgage, who retired from the Company on December 31, 2015. Under the terms of the employment agreement, this individual is entitled to receive retirement benefits from the Company for a period of ten years in an amount equal to 50% of his rate of compensation at the time of his retirement , which was $ 267,685 for the year ended December 31, 2015. Such retirement payments are paid monthly during the ten-year period. In the event that this individual dies prior to receiving all of his retirement benefits under his employment agreement, the remaining benefits will be made to his heirs. The company paid $ 133,843 and $ 133,843 in retirement compensation to this individual during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The liability accrued was $ 401,529 and $ 535,370 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively and is included in Other liabilities and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. 12) Capital Stock The Company has one class of preferred stock of $ 1.00 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, of which none are issued. The preferred stock is non-voting. The Company has two classes of common stock with shares outstanding, Class A common shares and Class C common shares. Class C shares have 10 votes per share on all matters except for the election of one third of the directors who are elected solely by the Class A shares. Class C shares are convertible into Class A shares at any time on a one to one ratio. Stockholders of both Class A and Class C common stock have received 5% stock dividends in the years 1990 through 2019, a 7.5% stock dividend in the year 2020, and a 5% stock dividend in the years 2021 and 2022, as authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company has Class B common stock of $ 1.00 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, of which none are issued. Class B shares are non-voting stock except to any proposed amendment to the Articles of Incorporation which would affect Class B common stock. The following table summarizes the activity in shares of capital stock. Summary of Activities in Shares of Capital Stock Class A Class C Outstanding shares at December 31, 2020 16,595,783 2,679,603 Exercise of stock options 160,282 104,656 Stock dividends 837,410 131,553 Conversion of Class C to Class A 49,247 ( 49,247 ) Outstanding shares at December 31, 2021 17,642,722 2,866,565 Exercise of stock options 109,587 - Stock dividends 889,554 139,462 Conversion of Class C to Class A 116,168 ( 116,168 ) Outstanding shares at December 31, 2022 18,758,031 2,889,859 87 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 12) Capital Stock (Continued) Earnings per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted for the effect of annual stock dividends. In accordance with GAAP, the basic and diluted earnings per share amounts were calculated as follows: Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Numerator: Net earnings $ 25,690,302 $ 39,518,990 Denominator: Denominator for basic earnings per share-weighted-average shares 21,137,941 21,146,713 Effect of dilutive securities Employee stock options 807,927 812,916 Unvested restricted stock units 374 - Dilutive potential common shares 808,301 812,916 Denominator for diluted earnings per share-adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions 21,946,242 21,959,629 Basic earnings per share $ 1.22 $ 1.87 Diluted earnings per share $ 1.17 $ 1.80 For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were 339,150 and 50,000 of anti-dilutive employee stock option shares, respectively, that were not included in the computation of diluted net earnings per common share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Basic and diluted earnings per share amounts are the same for each class of common stock. 88 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 13) Stock Compensation Plans The Company has three stock compensation plans (the “2013 Plan”, the “2014 Director Plan” and the “2022 Equity Incentive Plan”). Stock Options Stock based compensation expense for stock options issued of $ 929,321 and $ 118,384 has been recognized under these plans for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is included in personnel expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings. As of December 31, 2022, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to the stock options issued was $ 506,701 , which is expected to be recognized over the vesting period. The fair value of each stock option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model. The Company estimates the expected life of the options using the simplified method. Future volatility is estimated based upon the weighted historical volatility of the Company’s Class A common stock over a period equal to the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate for the expected life of the options is based upon the Federal Reserve Board’s daily interest rates in effect at the time of the grant. The following table summarizes the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of each stock option granted along with the weighted-average fair value of the stock options granted. Schedule of Assumptions Used Assumptions Grant Date Plan Weighted-Average Fair Value of Each Option Expected Dividend Yield (1) Underlying stock FMV Weighted-Average Volatility Weighted-Average Risk-Free Interest Rate Weighted-Average Expected Life (years) December 2, 2022 All Plans $ 1.48 5 % $ 6.48 37.03 % 3.69 % 4.88 December 3, 2021 All Plans $ 2.99 5 % $ 8.62 36.50 % 1.15 % 5.31 (1) Stock dividend 89 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 13) Stock Compensation Plans (Continued) Activity of the stock option plans is summarized as follows: Schedule of Activity of Stock Option Plans Number of Class A Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Number of Class C Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding at January 1, 2021 1,072,863 $ 4.12 662,666 $ 4.50 Adjustment for the effect of stock dividends 47,594 33,136 Granted 89,500 230,000 Exercised ( 183,935 ) ( 104,656 ) Cancelled ( 1,671 ) - Outstanding at December 31, 2021 1,024,351 $ 4.38 821,146 $ 5.26 Adjustment for the effect of stock dividends 47,780 41,057 Granted 82,500 295,000 Exercised ( 176,435 ) - Cancelled ( 1,591 ) - Outstanding at December 31, 2022 976,605 $ 4.78 1,157,203 $ 5.59 Exercisable at end of year 897,105 $ 4.63 862,203 $ 5.26 Available options for future grant 132,313 795,000 Weighted average contractual term of options outstanding at December 31, 2022 4.72 years 6.90 years Weighted average contractual term of options exercisable at December 31, 2022 4.26 years 6.24 years Aggregated intrinsic value of options outstanding at December 31, 2022 (1) $ 2,460,755 $ 1,979,588 Aggregated intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2022 (1) $ 2,397,275 $ 1,758,488 (1) The Company used a stock price of $ 7.30 as of December 31, 2022 to derive intrinsic value. The total intrinsic value (which is the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of an option on the exercise date) of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $ 619,064 and $ 1,153,417 , respectively. 90 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 13) Stock Compensation Plans (Continued) Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) Stock based compensation expense for RSUs issued of $ 371 and nil has been recognized under these plans for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is included in personnel expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings. As of December 31, 2022, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to the RSUs issued was $ 742 , which is expected to be recognized over the vesting period of three months. The fair value of each RSU granted is determined based on the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted on December 2, 2022 was $ 6.48 . Activity of the RSUs is summarized as follows: Schedule of Activity Restricted Stock Units Number of Class A Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested at December 31, 2021 - $ - Granted 1,620 6.48 Vested - Non-vested at December 31, 2022 1,620 $ 6.48 Available RSUs for future grant 18,380 Aggregated intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2022 (1) $ 1,328 (1) The Company used a stock price of $ 7.30 as of December 31, 2022 to derive intrinsic value. 91 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 14) Statutory Financial Information and Dividend Limitations The Company’s insurance subsidiaries prepare their statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile. Prescribed statutory accounting practices include a variety of publications of the NAIC, as well as state laws, regulations and general administrative rules. Permitted statutory accounting practices encompass all accounting practices not so prescribed. The states in which the Company’s life insurance subsidiaries are domiciled require the preparation of statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual, subject to any deviations prescribed or permitted by the applicable insurance commissioner and/or director. Statutory accounting practices differ from GAAP primarily since they require charging policy acquisition and certain sales inducement costs to expense as incurred, establishing life insurance reserves based on different actuarial assumptions, and valuing certain investments and establishing deferred taxes on a different basis. Statutory net income and capital and surplus of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries, determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by insurance regulatory authorities are as follows: Schedule of Statutory Accounting Practices Statutory Net Income Statutory Capital and Surplus Years Ended December 31 December 31 2022 2021 2022 2021 Amounts by insurance subsidiary: Security National Life Insurance Company $ 9,126,955 $ 5,552,116 $ 66,753,938 $ 57,424,808 Kilpatrick Life Insurance Company 2,373,682 1,312,718 17,300,717 15,566,231 First Guaranty Insurance Company 1,007,026 624,550 8,107,405 7,734,357 Memorial Insurance Company of America - 37 - - Southern Security Life Insurance Company, Inc. ( 2,691 ) 275 1,579,971 1,578,225 Trans-Western Life Insurance Company 4,008 ( 2,089 ) 512,555 508,547 Total $ 12,508,980 $ 7,487,607 $ 94,254,586 $ 82,812,168 The Utah, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas Insurance Departments impose minimum risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements that were developed by the NAIC on insurance enterprises. The formulas for determining the RBC specify various factors that are applied to financial balances or various levels of activity based on the perceived degree of risk. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio (the Ratio) of the enterprise’s regulatory total adjusted capital, as defined by the NAIC, to its authorized control level, as defined by the NAIC. Enterprises below specific trigger points or ratios are classified within certain levels, each of which requires specified corrective action. The life insurance subsidiaries each have a ratio that is greater than the first level of regulatory action as of December 31, 2022. The Company does not have any guarantees to maintain the capital and surplus of any affiliates except for the Company’s agreement to provide additional capital to Security National Life Insurance Company in the event risk-based capital drops below 350% of the authorized control level. Generally, the net assets of the life insurance subsidiaries available for transfer to the Company are limited to the amounts of the life insurance subsidiaries net assets, as determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices, that exceed minimum statutory capital requirements. Additional requirements must be met depending on the state, and payments of such amounts as dividends are subject to approval by regulatory authorities. 92 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 14) Statutory Financial Information and Dividend Limitations (Continued) Under the Utah Insurance Code, Security National Life Insurance Company is permitted to pay stockholder dividends, or otherwise make distributions, to the Company subject to certain limitations. Security National Life Insurance Company must ensure that its surplus held for policyholders is reasonable in relation to its outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs after payment of any such dividend or distribution. Furthermore, where any dividend or distribution, together with all other dividends and distributions made within the preceding 12 months, exceeds the lesser of (i) 10% of its surplus held for policyholders as of the next preceding December 31; or (ii) its net gain from operations, not including realized capital gains, for the 12-month period ending the next preceding December 31, such dividend or distribution constitutes “extraordinary” under Utah law and Security National Life Insurance Company would be required to file notice of its intention to declare such a dividend or make such a distribution with the Utah Commissioner and the Utah Commissioner must either approve the distribution or dividend or not disapprove the dividend or distribution within 30 days’ of the notice filing. Based on Security National Life Insurance Company’s surplus held for policyholders and net gain from operations as of December 31, 2022, the maximum aggregate amount of dividends and distributions that it could pay or make in 2023 and which would not constitute an “extraordinary” dividend or distribution under Utah law, and would therefore not require notice and approval or lack of disproval from the Utah Commissioner, would be approximately $ 6,420,000 . Under the Louisiana Insurance Code, First Guaranty Insurance Company and Kilpatrick Life Insurance Company are permitted to pay stockholder dividends, or otherwise make distributions, to the Company subject to certain limitations. First Guaranty Insurance Company and Kilpatrick Life Insurance Company must ensure that its surplus held for policyholders is reasonable in relation to its outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs after payment of any such dividend or distribution. Furthermore, where any dividend or distribution, together with all other dividends and distributions made within the preceding 12 months, exceeds the lesser of (i) 10% of its surplus held for policyholders as of the next preceding December 31; or (ii) its net gain from operations, not including realized capital gains, for the 12-month period ending the next preceding December 31, such dividend or distribution constitutes “extraordinary” under Louisiana law and First Guaranty Insurance Company and Kilpatrick Life Insurance Company would be required to file notice of its intention to declare such a dividend or make such a distribution with the Louisiana Commissioner and the Louisiana Commissioner must either approve the distribution or dividend or not disapprove the dividend or distribution within 30 days’ of the notice filing. Based on First Guaranty Insurance Company’s and Kilpatrick Life Insurance Company’s surplus held for policyholders and net gain from operations as of December 31, 2022, the maximum aggregate amount of dividends and distributions that it could pay or make in 2023 and which would not constitute an “extraordinary” dividend or distribution under Louisiana law, and would therefore not require notice and approval or lack of disproval from the Louisiana Commissioner, would be approximately $ 710,000 for First Guaranty Insurance Company and $ 1,650,000 for Kilpatrick Life Insurance Company. 93 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 15) Business Segment Information Description of Products and Services by Segment The Company has three reportable business segments: life insurance, cemetery and mortuary, and mortgage. The Company’s life insurance segment consists of life insurance premiums and operating expenses from the sale of insurance products sold by the Company’s independent agency force and net investment income derived from investing policyholder and segment surplus funds. The Company’s cemetery and mortuary segment consists of revenues and operating expenses from the sale of at-need cemetery and mortuary merchandise and services at its mortuaries and cemeteries, pre-need sales of cemetery spaces after collection of 10% or more of the purchase price and the net investment income from investing segment surplus funds. The Company’s mortgage segment consists of fee income and expenses from the originations of residential mortgage loans and interest earned and interest expenses from warehousing pre-sold loans before the funds are received from financial institutional investors. Measurement of Segment Profit or Loss and Segment Assets The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the Significant Accounting Principles. Intersegment revenues are recorded at cost plus an agreed upon intercompany profit, and are eliminated upon consolidation. Factors Management Used to Identify the Enterprise’s Reportable Segments The Company’s reportable segments are business units that are managed separately due to the different products provided and the need to report separately to the various regulatory jurisdictions. The Company regularly reviews the quantitative thresholds and other criteria to determine when other business segments may need to be reported. 94 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 15) Business Segment Information (Continued) Schedule of Revenues and Expenses by Reportable Segment Insurance Mortuary Mortgage Eliminations Consolidated Year Ended December 31, 2022 Life Cemetery/ Intercompany Insurance Mortuary Mortgage Eliminations Consolidated Revenues: From external sources: Revenue from customers $ 105,144,646 $ 26,993,855 $ 173,356,675 - $ 305,495,176 Net investment income 62,565,021 2,444,599 1,187,972 - 66,197,592 Gains (losses) on investments and other assets ( 459,462 ) ( 796,096 ) 398,098 - ( 857,460 ) Other than temporary impairments - - - - - Other revenues 1,932,402 305,073 16,579,545 - 18,817,020 Intersegment revenues: Net investment income 6,601,132 451,139 356,574 ( 7,408,845 ) - Total revenues 175,783,739 29,398,570 191,878,864 ( 7,408,845 ) 389,652,328 Expenses: Death, surrenders and other policy benefits 64,066,432 - - - 64,066,432 Increase in future policy benefits 28,858,969 - - - 28,858,969 Amortization of deferred policy and pre-need acquisition costs and value of business acquired 17,352,803 597,399 - - 17,950,202 Selling, general and administrative expenses: Commissions 4,097,680 1,372,200 57,851,212 - 63,321,092 Personnel 26,285,207 9,305,429 64,520,887 - 100,111,523 Advertising 1,649,273 628,114 3,420,611 - 5,697,998 Rent and rent related 384,908 163,182 6,334,923 - 6,883,013 Depreciation on property and equipment 1,036,521 759,415 700,970 - 2,496,906 Provision for loan loss reserve - - - - - Cost related to funding mortgage loans - - 7,540,041 - 7,540,041 Intersegment 232,915 160,690 1,795,507 ( 2,189,112 ) - Other 13,190,827 5,321,730 27,285,196 - 45,797,753 Interest expense: Intersegment 462,753 274,911 4,482,069 ( 5,219,733 ) - Other 3,969,905 710 3,859,828 - 7,830,443 Costs of goods and services sold-mortuaries and cemeteries - 4,721,094 - - 4,721,094 Total benefits and expenses 161,588,193 23,304,874 177,791,244 ( 7,408,845 ) 355,275,466 Earnings before income taxes $ 14,195,546 $ 6,093,696 $ 14,087,620 $ - $ 34,376,862 Income tax expense ( 4,034,979 ) ( 1,523,954 ) ( 3,127,627 ) - ( 8,686,560 ) Net earnings $ 10,160,567 $ 4,569,742 $ 10,959,993 $ - $ 25,690,302 Identifiable assets $ 1,246,840,586 $ 82,320,929 $ 219,872,163 $ ( 93,174,569 ) $ 1,455,859,109 Goodwill $ 2,765,570 $ 2,488,213 $ - $ - $ 5,253,783 95 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 15) Business Segment Information (Continued) Insurance Mortuary Mortgage Eliminations Consolidated Year Ended December 31, 2021 Life Cemetery/ Intercompany Insurance Mortuary Mortgage Eliminations Consolidated Revenues: From external sources: Revenue from customers $ 100,254,573 $ 23,997,313 $ 263,418,230 - $ 387,670,116 Net investment income 56,091,725 1,653,940 519,018 - 58,264,683 Gains on investments and other assets 4,554,528 1,511,965 198,641 - 6,265,134 Other than temporary impairments ( 39,502 ) - - - ( 39,502 ) Other revenues 2,152,531 100,255 16,282,325 - 18,535,111 Intersegment revenues: Net investment income 7,569,875 314,001 599,115 ( 8,482,991 ) - Total revenues 170,583,730 27,577,474 281,017,329 ( 8,482,991 ) 470,695,542 Expenses: Death, surrenders and other policy benefits 67,218,455 - - - 67,218,455 Increase in future policy benefits 26,263,312 - - - 26,263,312 Amortization of deferred policy and pre-need acquisition costs and value of business acquired 15,611,374 531,596 - - 16,142,970 Selling, general and administrative expenses: Commissions 3,514,498 1,917,899 112,854,072 - 118,286,469 Personnel 25,009,096 6,850,617 68,880,448 - 100,740,161 Advertising 1,160,640 570,924 4,894,854 - 6,626,418 Rent and rent related 733,726 109,318 6,399,243 - 7,242,287 Depreciation on property and equipment 806,543 479,005 650,065 - 1,935,613 Provision for loan loss reserve - - - - - Cost related to funding mortgage loans - - 10,541,570 - 10,541,570 Intersegment 497,113 113,062 671,107 ( 1,281,282 ) - Other 12,075,374 5,224,178 35,766,430 - 53,065,982 Interest expense: Intersegment 392,003 97,195 6,712,511 ( 7,201,709 ) - Other 2,328,868 54,620 4,744,028 - 7,127,516 Costs of goods and services sold-mortuaries and cemeteries - 3,704,014 - - 3,704,014 Total benefits and expenses 155,611,002 19,652,428 252,114,328 ( 8,482,991 ) 418,894,767 Earnings before income taxes $ 14,972,728 $ 7,925,046 $ 28,903,001 $ - $ 51,800,775 Income tax expense ( 2,943,715 ) ( 1,975,787 ) ( 7,362,283 ) - ( 12,281,785 ) Net earnings $ 12,029,013 $ 5,949,259 $ 21,540,718 $ - $ 39,518,990 Identifiable assets $ 1,236,406,558 $ 73,432,116 $ 328,600,841 $ ( 96,099,992 ) $ 1,542,339,523 Goodwill $ 2,765,570 $ 2,488,213 $ - $ - $ 5,253,783 96 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 16) Related Party Transactions The Company’s Board of Directors has a written procedure, which requires disclosure to the Board of any material interest or any affiliation on the part of any of its officers, directors or employees that is in conflict or may be in conflict with the interests of the Company. The Company and its Board of Directors is unaware of any related party transactions that require disclosure as of December 31, 2022. 17) Fair Value of Financial Instruments GAAP defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. GAAP also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions. Fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy: Level 1: Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Company can access. Level 2: Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on the following: a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets; or c) Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3: Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs may reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the financial assets and financial liabilities. The Company utilizes a combination of third-party valuation service providers, brokers, and internal valuation models to determine fair value. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value disclosures related to significant financial instruments: The items shown under Level 1 and Level 2 are valued as follows: Fixed Maturity Securities Available for Sale : The fair values of fixed maturity securities are based on quoted market prices, when available. For fixed maturity securities not actively traded, fair values are estimated using values obtained from independent pricing services, or in the case of private placements (considered Level 3 financial assets), are estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using a current market value applicable to the coupon rate, credit and maturity of the investments. Equity Securities : The fair values for equity securities are based on quoted market prices. 97 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 17) Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued) Restricted Assets : A portion of these assets include mutual funds, equity securities and fixed maturity securities available for sale that have quoted market prices that are used to determine fair value. Also included are cash and cash equivalents and participations in mortgage loans. The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments : A portion of these assets include equity securities and fixed maturity securities available for sale that have quoted market prices that are used to determine fair value. Also included are cash and cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature Call and Put Options : The Company uses quoted market prices to value its call and put options. Additionally, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The items shown under Level 3 are valued as follows: Loans Held for Sale : The Company elected the fair value option for loans held for sale. The fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available. When a quoted market price is not readily available, the Company uses the market price from its last sale of similar assets. Loan Commitments and Forward Sale Commitments : The Company’s mortgage segment enters into loan commitments with potential borrowers and forward sale commitments to sell loans to third-party investors. The Company also uses a hedging strategy for these transactions. A loan commitment binds the Company to lend funds to a qualified borrower at a specified interest rate and within a specified period of time, generally up to 30 days after issuance of the loan commitment. Loan commitments are defined to be derivatives under GAAP and are recognized at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in their fair values recorded in current earnings. The Company estimates the fair value of a loan commitment based on the change in estimated fair value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted MBS prices, estimates of the fair value of mortgage servicing rights, and an estimate of the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the commitment. The change in fair value of the underlying mortgage loan is measured from the date the loan commitment is issued. Following issuance, the value of a mortgage loan commitment can be either positive or negative depending upon the change in value of the underlying mortgage loans. Fallout rates and other factors from the Company’s recent historical data are used to estimate the quantity and value of mortgage loans that will fund within the terms of the commitments. Impaired Mortgage Loans Held for Investment : The Company believes that the fair value of these nonperforming loans will approximate the unpaid principal balance expected to be recovered based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. For residential and commercial properties, the collateral value is estimated by obtaining an independent appraisal. The appraisal typically considers area comparables and property condition as well as potential rental income that could be generated (particularly for commercial properties). For residential construction loans, the collateral is typically incomplete, so fair value is estimated as the replacement cost using data from a provider of building cost information to the real estate construction. Impaired Real Estate Held for Investment : The Company believes that in an orderly market, fair value will approximate the replacement cost of a home and the rental income provides a cash flow stream for investment analysis. The Company believes the highest and best use of the properties are as income producing assets since it is the Company’s intent to hold the properties as rental properties, matching the income from the investment in rental properties with the funds required for future estimated policy claims. 98 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 17) Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued) It should be noted that for replacement cost, when determining the fair value of real estate held for investment, the Company uses a provider of building cost information to the real estate construction industry. For the investment analysis, the Company used market data based upon its real estate operation experience and projected the present value of the net rental income over seven years. The Company also considers area comparable properties and property condition when determining fair value. In addition to this analysis performed by the Company, the Company depreciates Real Estate Held for Investment. This depreciation reduces the book value of these properties and lessens the exposure to the Company from further deterioration in real estate values. Mortgage Servicing Rights : The Company initially recognizes MSRs at their estimated fair values derived from the net cash flows associated with the servicing contracts, where the Company assumes the obligation to service the loan in the sale transaction. The following table summarizes Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by their classification in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022. Schedule of Fair Value Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis Fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 345,858,492 $ - $ 344,422,973 $ 1,435,519 Equity securities 11,682,526 11,682,526 - - Loans held for sale 141,179,620 - - 141,179,620 Restricted assets (1) 1,217,308 - 1,217,308 - Restricted assets (2) 5,348,244 5,348,244 - - Cemetery perpetual care trust investments (1) 254,731 - 254,731 - Cemetery perpetual care trust investments (2) 3,605,162 3,605,162 - - Derivatives - loan commitments (3) 4,089,856 - - 4,089,856 Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis $ 513,235,939 $ 20,635,932 $ 345,895,012 $ 146,704,995 Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis Derivatives - call options (4) $ ( 29,715 ) $ ( 29,715 ) $ - $ - Derivatives - put options (4) ( 13,888 ) ( 13,888 ) - - Derivatives - loan commitments (4) ( 1,382,979 ) - - ( 1,382,979 ) Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis $ ( 1,426,582 ) $ ( 43,603 ) $ - $ ( 1,382,979 ) (1) Fixed maturity securities available for sale (2) Equity securities (3) Included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets (4) Included in other liabilities and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets 99 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 17) Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued The following table summarizes Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by their classification in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021. Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis Fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 259,287,603 $ - $ 257,264,255 $ 2,023,348 Equity securities 11,596,414 11,596,414 - - Loans held for sale 302,776,827 - - 302,776,827 Restricted assets (1) 1,601,688 - 1,601,688 - Restricted assets (2) 3,603,822 3,603,822 - - Cemetery perpetual care trust investments (1) 784,765 - 784,765 - Cemetery perpetual care trust investments (2) 3,302,480 3,302,480 - - Derivatives - loan commitments (3) 8,563,410 - - 8,563,410 Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis $ 591,517,009 $ 18,502,716 $ 259,650,708 $ 313,363,585 Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis Derivatives - call options (4) $ ( 50,936 ) $ ( 50,936 ) $ - $ - Derivatives - put options (4) ( 4,493 ) ( 4,493 ) - - Derivatives - loan commitments (4) ( 1,547,895 ) - - ( 1,547,895 ) Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis $ ( 1,603,324 ) $ ( 55,429 ) $ - $ ( 1,547,895 ) (1) Fixed maturity securities available for sale (2) Equity securities (3) Included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets (4) Included in other liabilities and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows: Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on A Recurring Basis Significant Range of Inputs Fair Value at Valuation Unobservable Minimum Maximum Weighted 12/31/2022 Technique Input(s) Value Value Average Loans held for sale $ 141,179,620 Market approach Investor contract pricing as a percentage of unpaid principal balance 69.9 % 106.1 % 99.8 % Derivatives - loan commitments (net) 2,706,877 Market approach Pull-through rate 65.0 % 95.0 % 82.2 % Initial-Value N/A N/A N/A Servicing 0 bps 153 bps 73 bps Fixed maturity securities available for sale 1,435,519 Broker quotes Pricing quotes $ 100.00 $ 111.11 $ 104.97 100 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 17) Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued) For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows: Significant Range of Inputs Fair Value at Valuation Unobservable Minimum Maximum Weighted 12/31/2021 Technique Input(s) Value Value Average Loans held for sale $ 302,776,827 Market approach Investor contract pricing as a percentage of unpaid principal balance 95.0 % 109.0 % 103.0 % Derivatives - loan commitments (net) 7,015,515 Market approach Pull-through rate 66.0 % 95.0 % 81.0 % Initial-Value N/A N/A N/A Servicing 0 bps 148 bps 61 bps Fixed maturity securities available for sale 2,023,348 Broker quotes Pricing quotes $ 96.87 $ 111.11 $ 106.73 The following table is a summary of changes in the consolidated balance sheet line items measured using level 3 inputs: Schedule of Changes in the Consolidated Balance Sheet Line Items Measured Using Level 3 Inputs Net Derivatives Loan Commitments Loans Held for Sale Fixed Maturity Securities Available for Sale Balance - December 31, 2021 $ 7,015,515 $ 302,776,827 $ 2,023,348 Originations/purchases - 3,373,554,484 - Sales, maturities and paydowns - ( 3,549,405,402 ) ( 528,980 ) Transfer to mortgage loans held for investment - ( 51,691,213 ) - Total gains (losses): Included in earnings ( 4,308,638 )(1) 65,944,924 (1) 1,957 (2) Included in other comprehensive income - - ( 60,806 ) Balance - December 31, 2022 $ 2,706,877 $ 141,179,620 $ 1,435,519 (1) As a component of mortgage fee income on the consolidated statements of earnings (2) As a component of net investment income on the consolidated statements of earnings The following table is a summary of changes in the consolidated balance sheet line items measured using level 3 inputs: Net Derivatives Loan Commitments Loans Held for Sale Fixed Maturity Securities Available for Sale Balance - December 31, 2020 $ 10,128,610 $ 422,772,418 $ 2,201,175 Originations/purchases - 5,611,189,587 - Sales, maturities and paydowns - ( 5,900,076,766 ) ( 45,700 ) Transfer to mortgage loans held for investment - ( 201,951 ) - Total gains (losses): Included in earnings ( 3,113,095 )(1) 169,093,539 (1) 3,674 (2) Included in other comprehensive income - - ( 135,801 ) Balance - December 31, 2021 $ 7,015,515 $ 302,776,827 $ 2,023,348 (1) As a component of mortgage fee income on the consolidated statements of earnings (2) As a component of net investment income on the consolidated statements of earnings 101 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 17) Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued) The following table summarize Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by their classification in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022. Schedule of Fair Value Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets accounted for at fair value on a nonrecurring basis Impaired mortgage loans held for investment $ 794,224 $ - $ - $ 794,224 Total assets accounted for at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $ 794,224 $ - $ - $ 794,224 The following table summarize Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by their classification in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021. Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets accounted for at fair value on a nonrecurring basis Impaired mortgage loans held for investment $ 851,903 $ - $ - $ 851,903 Impaired real estate held for sale 2,000,000 - - 2,000,000 Total assets accounted for at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $ 2,851,903 $ - $ - $ 2,851,903 102 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 17) Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued) Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows as of December 31, 2022: Schedule of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value Carrying Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Estimated Fair Value Assets Mortgage loans held for investment Residential $ 90,290,776 $ - $ - $ 88,575,293 $ 88,575,293 Residential construction 172,139,077 - - 172,139,077 172,139,077 Commercial 45,694,074 - - 44,079,537 44,079,537 Mortgage loans held for investment, net $ 308,123,927 $ - $ - $ 304,793,907 $ 304,793,907 Policy loans 13,095,473 - - 13,095,473 13,095,473 Insurance assignments, net (1) 45,332,585 - - 45,332,585 45,332,585 Restricted assets (2) 1,731,469 - - 1,731,469 1,731,469 Cemetery perpetual care trust investments (2) 1,506,517 - - 1,506,517 1,506,517 Mortgage servicing rights, net 3,039,765 - - 3,927,877 3,927,877 Liabilities Bank and other loans payable $ ( 161,712,804 ) $ - $ - $ ( 161,712,804 ) $ ( 161,712,804 ) Policyholder account balances (3) ( 41,146,171 ) - - ( 42,181,089 ) ( 42,181,089 ) Future policy benefits - annuities (3) ( 106,637,094 ) - - ( 126,078,031 ) ( 126,078,031 ) (1) Included in other investments and policy loans on the consolidated balance sheets (2) Mortgage loans held for investment (3) Included in future policy benefits and unpaid claims on the consolidated balance sheets 103 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 17) Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued) The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows as of December 31, 2021: Carrying Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Estimated Fair Value Assets Mortgage loans held for investment Residential $ 51,396,172 $ - $ - $ 55,159,167 $ 55,159,167 Residential construction 174,691,408 - - 174,691,408 174,691,408 Commercial 51,218,466 - - 51,008,709 51,008,709 Mortgage loans held for investment, net $ 277,306,046 $ - $ - $ 280,859,284 $ 280,859,284 Policy loans 13,478,214 - - 13,478,214 13,478,214 Insurance assignments, net (1) 46,946,590 - - 46,946,590 46,946,590 Restricted assets (2) 2,732,320 - - 2,732,320 2,732,320 Cemetery perpetual care trust investments (2) 1,823,533 - - 1,823,533 1,823,533 Mortgage servicing rights, net 53,060,455 - - 68,811,809 68,811,809 Liabilities Bank and other loans payable $ ( 251,286,927 ) $ - $ - $ ( 251,286,927 ) $ ( 251,286,927 ) Policyholder account balances (3) ( 42,939,055 ) - - ( 35,855,934 ) ( 35,855,934 ) Future policy benefits - annuities (3) ( 107,992,830 ) - - ( 116,215,717 ) ( 116,215,717 ) (1) Included in other investments and policy loans on the consolidated balance sheets (2) Mortgage loans held for investment (3) Included in future policy benefits and unpaid claims on the consolidated balance sheets The methods, assumptions and significant valuation techniques and inputs used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments are summarized as follows: Mortgage Loans Held for Investment : The estimated fair value of the Company’s mortgage loans held for investment is determined using various methods. The Company’s mortgage loans are grouped into three categories: Residential, Residential Construction and Commercial. When estimating the expected future cash flows, it is assumed that all loans will be held to maturity, and any loans that are non-performing are evaluated individually for impairment. Residential — The estimated fair value of mortgage loans is determined through a combination of discounted cash flows (estimating expected future cash flows of payments and discounting them using current interest rates from single family mortgages) and considering pricing of similar loans that were sold recently. Residential Construction — These loans are primarily short in maturity. Accordingly, the estimated fair value is determined to be the carrying value. Commercial — The estimated fair value is determined by estimating expected future cash flows of payments and discounting them using current interest rates for commercial mortgages. Policy Loans : The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for these financial instruments approximate their fair values because they are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the underlying insurance policies. Insurance Assignments, Net : These investments are short in maturity. Accordingly, the carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for these financial instruments approximate their fair values. 104 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 17) Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued) Bank and Other Loans Payable : The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their relatively short-term maturities and variable interest rates. Policyholder Account Balances and Future Policy Benefits-Annuities : Future policy benefit reserves for interest-sensitive insurance products are computed under a retrospective deposit method and represent policy account balances before applicable surrender charges. Policy benefits and claims that are charged to expense include benefit claims incurred in the period in excess of related policy account balances. Interest crediting rates for interest-sensitive insurance products ranged from 1.5% to 6.5%. The fair values for these investment-type insurance contracts are estimated based on the present value of liability cash flows. The fair values for the Company’s insurance contracts other than investment-type contracts are not required to be disclosed. However, the fair values of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the Company’s overall management of interest rate risk, such that the Company’s exposure to changing interest rates is minimized through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts. 18) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income The following summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income: Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities available for sale $ ( 39,493,861 ) $ ( 7,323,241 ) Amounts reclassified into net earnings 162,173 805,510 Net unrealized gains before taxes ( 39,331,688 ) ( 6,517,731 ) Tax expense 8,259,656 1,368,721 Net ( 31,072,032 ) ( 5,149,010 ) Unrealized gains on restricted assets (1) ( 71,035 ) ( 23,250 ) Tax expense 17,695 5,792 Net ( 53,340 ) ( 17,458 ) Unrealized gains on cemetery perpetual care trust investments (1) ( 20,446 ) ( 11,114 ) Unrealized gains before taxes ( 20,446 ) ( 11,114 ) Tax expense 5,093 2,769 Net ( 15,353 ) ( 8,345 ) Unrealized gains for foreign currency translations adjustments - 2,835 Tax expense - ( 707 ) Net - 2,128 Other comprehensive income changes $ ( 31,140,725 ) $ ( 5,172,685 ) (1) Fixed maturity securities available for sale 105 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 The following is the accumulated balances of other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2022: Schedule of Accumulated Balances of Other Comprehensive Income Beginning Balance December 31, 2021 Change for the period Ending Balance December 31, 2022 Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 18,021,265 $ ( 31,072,032 ) $ ( 13,050,767 ) Unrealized gains (losses) on restricted assets (1) 40,192 ( 53,340 ) ( 13,148 ) Unrealized gains (losses) on cemetery perpetual care trust investments (1) 8,991 ( 15,353 ) ( 6,362 ) Other comprehensive income $ 18,070,448 $ ( 31,140,725 ) $ ( 13,070,277 ) (1) Fixed maturity securities available for sale The following is the accumulated balances of other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2021: Beginning Balance December 31, 2020 Change for the period Ending Balance December 31, 2021 Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities available for sale $ 23,170,275 $ ( 5,149,010 ) $ 18,021,265 Unrealized gains (losses) on restricted assets (1) 57,650 ( 17,458 ) 40,192 Unrealized gains (losses) on cemetery perpetual care trust investments (1) 17,336 ( 8,345 ) 8,991 Foreign currency translation adjustments ( 2,128 ) 2,128 - Other comprehensive income $ 23,243,133 $ ( 5,172,685 ) $ 18,070,448 (1) Fixed maturity securities available for sale 106 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 19) Derivative Instruments The following table shows the fair value and notional amounts of derivative instruments. Schedule of Derivative Assets at Fair Value December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Balance Sheet Location Notional Amount Asset Fair Value Liability Fair Value Notional Amount Asset Fair Value Liability Fair Value Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Loan commitments Other assets and Other liabilities $ 453,371,808 $ 4,089,856 $ 1,382,979 $ 862,568,967 $ 8,563,410 $ 1,547,895 Call options Other liabilities 868,600 — 29,715 982,500 — 50,936 Put options Other liabilities 654,500 — 13,888 362,900 — 4,493 Total $ 454,894,908 $ 4,089,856 $ 1,426,582 $ 863,914,367 $ 8,563,410 $ 1,603,324 The following table presents the gains (losses) on derivatives. There were no gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income or gains or losses recognized in income on derivatives ineffective portion or any amounts excluded from effective testing. Schedule of Gains and Losses on Derivatives Years ended December 31 Derivative Classification 2022 2021 Loan commitments Mortgage fee income $ ( 4,308,638 ) $ ( 3,113,095 ) Call and put options Gains on investments and other assets $ 202,886 $ 160,410 107 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 20) Acquisitions Rivera Funerals, Cremations and Memorial Gardens On December 21, 2021, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Memorial Estates Inc., completed a business combination transaction with Rivera Funerals, Cremations and Memorial Gardens. The mortuaries and cemetery are located in New Mexico. Under the terms of the transaction, as set forth in the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated December 21, 2021, Memorial Estates Inc. paid a net purchase price of $ 10,693,395 for the business and assets of Rivera Funerals, Cremations and Memorial Gardens, subject to holdback amounts held by Memorial Estates, Inc. in the total amount of $ 1,120,000 . Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, Memorial Estates, Inc. used $ 70,000 of the holdback amount to pay trade accounts payable of Rivera Funerals, Cremations and Memorial Gardens to third parties that remained unpaid at the time of purchase. The remaining $ 1,050,000 holdback amount is to be released and paid by Memorial Estates Inc. in annual payments of up to $ 105,000 each, beginning in January 2023. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition were as follows: Schedule of Estimated Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed Restricted assets (1) $ 618,006 Property and equipment (2) 6,255,836 Cemetery land and improvements 658,280 Goodwill 1,338,763 Other (3) 2,440,516 Total assets acquired 11,311,401 Cemetery perpetual care obligation ( 618,006 ) Other liabilities - holdback ( 1,120,000 ) Total liabilities assumed ( 1,738,006 ) Fair value of net assets acquired/consideration paid $ 9,573,395 (1) Includes $ 39,000 of cash and $ 579,006 of fixed maturity securities, available for sale, at estimated fair value which is a Level 2 asset in the fair value hierarchy (2) At estimated fair value which is a Level 3 asset in the fair value hierarchy (3) Including $ 2,310,000 of intangible assets Rivera Funerals, Cremations and Memorial Gardens revenues and net earnings since the date of acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $ 137,386 and $ 14,892 , respectively. 108 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 20) Acquisitions (Continued) Holbrook Mortuary On December 28, 2021, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Memorial Mortuary Inc., completed a business combination transaction with Holbrook Mortuary located in Salt Lake City, Utah. Under the terms of the transaction, as set forth in the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated December 28, 2021, Memorial Mortuary Inc. paid a net purchase price of $ 3,051,747 for the business and assets of Holbrook Mortuary. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition were as follows: Estimated Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed Property and equipment (1) $ 2,641,210 Goodwill 395,432 Other 15,105 Total assets acquired 3,051,747 Fair value of net assets acquired/consideration paid $ 3,051,747 (1) At estimated fair value which is a Level 3 asset in the fair value hierarchy Holbrook Mortuary’s revenues and net loss since the date of acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2021 were nil and $ ( 98,531 ) , respectively. 109 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 21) Mortgage Servicing Rights The Company reports MSRs pursuant to the accounting policy discussed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table presents the MSR activity. Schedule of Mortgage Servicing Rights 2022 2021 December 31 2022 2021 Amortized cost: Balance before valuation allowance at beginning of year $ 53,060,455 $ 35,210,516 MSR additions resulting from loan sales 10,243,922 32,701,819 Amortization (1) ( 9,078,706 ) ( 14,851,880 ) Sale of MSRs ( 51,185,906 ) - Application of valuation allowance to write down MSRs with other than temporary impairment - - Balance before valuation allowance at year end $ 3,039,765 $ 53,060,455 Valuation allowance for impairment of MSRs: Balance at beginning of year $ - $ - Additions - - Application of valuation allowance to write down MSRs with other than temporary impairment - - Balance at year end $ - $ - Mortgage servicing rights, net $ 3,039,765 $ 53,060,455 Estimated fair value of MSRs at year end $ 3,927,877 $ 68,811,809 (1) Included in other expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings The following table summarizes the Company’s estimate of future amortization of its existing MSRs carried at amortized cost. This projection was developed using the assumptions made by management in its December 31, 2022 valuation of MSRs. The assumptions underlying the following estimate will change as market conditions and portfolio composition and behavior change, causing both actual and projected amortization levels to change over time. Therefore, the following estimates will change in a manner and amount not presently determinable by management. Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense, Mortgage Servicing Rights Estimated MSR Amortization 2023 $ 316,449 2024 286,934 2025 260,259 2026 234,139 2027 211,523 Thereafter 1,730,461 Total $ 3,039,765 110 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 21) Mortgage Servicing Rights (Continued) The Company collected the following contractual servicing fee income and late fee income as reported in other revenues on the consolidated statements of earnings. Schedule of Other Revenues 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Contractual servicing fees $ 15,792,105 $ 15,471,307 Late fees 398,754 321,337 Total $ 16,190,859 $ 15,792,644 The following is a summary of the unpaid principal balances (“UPB”) of the servicing portfolio. Summary of Unpaid Principal Balances of the Servicing Portfolio December 31 2022 2021 Servicing UPB $ 360,023,384 $ 7,060,536,350 The following key assumptions were used in determining MSR value. Schedule of Assumptions Used in Determining MSR Value Prepayment Speeds Average Life(Years) Discount Rate December 31, 2022 8.12 8.49 11.95 December 31, 2021 11.60 6.64 9.50 On October 31, 2022, the Company sold certain of its MSRs. The MSRs related to mortgage loans previously originated by the Company in aggregate unpaid principal amount of approximately $ 7.02 billion. As a result of the sale, the book value of the Company’s MSRs decreased $ 51,185,906 and generated a gain of $ 34,051,938 included in mortgage fee income on the consolidated statements of earnings. Substantially all of the consideration was received by the Company with the remainder subject to certain holdbacks during transfer of the MSRs. The Company completed the physical transfer of files prior to its deadline and anticipates the release of the holdbacks in the first quarter of 2023. 111 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 22) Future Policy Benefits and Unpaid Claims The Company reports future policy benefits and unpaid claims pursuant to the accounting policy discussed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table provides information regarding future policy benefits and unpaid claims and the related receivable from reinsurers. Schedule of Liability for Future Policy Benefits, by Product Segment December 31 2022 2021 Life $ 726,462,594 $ 698,366,477 Annuities 106,637,094 107,992,830 Policyholder account balances 41,146,171 42,939,055 Accident and health 603,526 629,302 Other policyholder funds 4,279,218 4,352,217 Reported but unpaid claims 5,651,030 4,887,934 Incurred but not reported claims 4,547,670 4,106,878 Gross future policy benefits and unpaid claims $ 889,327,303 $ 863,274,693 Receivable from reinsurers Life 10,600,613 10,482,428 Annuities 4,225,873 4,082,877 Accident and health 79,467 88,474 Reported but unpaid claims 110,985 177,829 Incurred but not reported claims 17,000 19,000 Total receivable from reinsurers 15,033,938 14,850,608 Net future policy benefits and unpaid claims $ 874,293,365 $ 848,424,085 Net unpaid claims $ 10,070,715 $ 8,797,983 The following table provides a rollforward of the Company’s liability for reported but unpaid claims and incurred but not reported claims, net of the related receivable from reinsurers. Summary of Liability for Reported but Unpaid Claims and Incurred but not Reported Claims Life Annuities Accident and Health Total Balance at 12/31/2020 $ 10,286,319 $ 1,111,441 $ 17,000 $ 11,414,760 Incurred 63,247,616 (1) 14,036,473 (2) 230,395 (3) 77,514,484 Settled ( 65,518,834 ) ( 14,469,536 ) ( 142,891 ) ( 80,131,261 ) Balance at 12/31/2021 8,015,101 678,378 104,504 8,797,983 Incurred 59,377,962 (1) 13,987,576 (2) 40,744 (3) 73,406,282 Settled ( 57,988,800 ) ( 14,016,502 ) ( 128,248 ) ( 72,133,550 ) Balance at 12/31/2022 $ 9,404,263 $ 649,452 $ 17,000 $ 10,070,715 (1) See death benefits on the consolidated statements of earnings (2) Included in increase in future benefits on the consolidated statements of earnings (3) Included in surrender and other policy benefits on the consolidated statements of earnings 112 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 23) Revenues from Contracts with Customers The Company reports revenues from contracts with customers pursuant to ASC No. 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Contracts with Customers Information about Performance Obligations and Contract Balances The Company’s cemetery and mortuary segment sells a variety of goods and services to customers in both at-need and pre-need situations. Due to the timing of the fulfillment of the obligation, revenue is deferred until that obligation is fulfilled. The total contract liability for future obligations is included in deferred pre-need cemetery and mortuary contract revenues on the consolidated balance sheets and, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balances were $ 16,226,836 and $ 14,508,022 , respectively. The Company’s three types of future obligations are as follows: Pre-need Merchandise and Service Revenue : All pre-need merchandise and service revenue is deferred and the funds are placed in trust until the need arises, the merchandise is received or the service is performed. The trust is then relieved, and the revenue and commissions are recognized. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balances were $ 15,289,901 and $ 13,722,348 , respectively. At-need Specialty Merchandise Revenue : At-need specialty merchandise revenue consists of customizable merchandise ordered from a manufacturer such as markers and bases. When specialty merchandise is ordered, it can take time to manufacture and deliver the product. Revenue is deferred until the at-need merchandise is received. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balances were $ 936,935 and $ 785,674 , respectively. Deferred revenue for at-need specialty revenue is not placed in trust. Deferred Pre-need Land Revenue : Deferred pre-need revenue and corresponding commissions are deferred until 10 % of the funds are received from the customer through regular monthly payments. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balances were nil and nil , respectively. Deferred pre-need land revenue is not placed in trust. Complete payment of the contract does not constitute fulfillment of the performance obligation. Goods or services are deferred until such time the service is performed or merchandise is received. Pre-need contracts are required to be paid in full prior to a customer using a good or service from a pre-need contract. Goods and services from pre-need contracts can be transferred when paid in full from one owner to another. In such cases, the Company will act as an agent in transferring the requested goods and services. A transfer of goods and services does not fulfill an obligation and revenue remains deferred. 113 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 23) Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Continued) The opening and closing balances of the Company’s receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities are as follows: Schedule of Opening and Closing Balances of Receivables, Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities Contract Balances Receivables (1) Contract Asset Contract Liability Opening (1/1/2022) $ 5,298,636 $ - $ 14,508,022 Closing (12/31/2022) 5,392,779 - 16,226,836 Increase/(decrease) 94,143 - 1,718,814 Contract Balances Receivables (1) Contract Asset Contract Liability Opening (1/1/2021) $ 4,119,988 $ - $ 13,080,179 Closing (12/31/2021) 5,298,636 - 14,508,022 Increase/(decrease) 1,178,648 - 1,427,843 (1) Included in Receivables, net on the consolidated balance sheets The following table disaggregates the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract balances. Schedule of Opening and Closing Balances of the Assets and Liabilities Contract Balances Contract Asset Contract Liability Pre-need merchandise and services $ - $ 13,722,348 At-need specialty merchandise - 785,674 Pre-need land sales - - Opening (1/1/2022) $ - $ 14,508,022 Pre-need merchandise and services $ - $ 15,289,901 At-need specialty merchandise - 936,935 Pre-need land sales - - Closing (12/31/2022) $ - $ 16,226,836 Contract Balances Contract Asset Contract Liability Pre-need merchandise and services $ - $ 12,545,753 At-need specialty merchandise - 534,426 Pre-need land sales - - Opening (1/1/2021) $ - $ 13,080,179 Pre-need merchandise and services $ - $ 13,722,348 At-need specialty merchandise - 785,674 Pre-need land sales - - Closing (12/31/2021) $ - $ 14,508,022 114 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 23) Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Continued) The amount of revenue recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 that was included in the opening contract liability balance was $ 4,588,290 and $ 4,528,646 , respectively. The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment. Disaggregation of Revenue The following table disaggregates revenue for the Company’s cemetery and mortuary contracts. Schedule of Revenues of the Cemetery and Mortuary Contracts 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Major goods/service lines At-need $ 21,283,237 $ 16,220,541 Pre-need 5,710,618 7,776,772 Net mortuary and cemetery sales $ 26,993,855 $ 23,997,313 Timing of Revenue Recognition Goods transferred at a point in time $ 16,412,963 $ 16,793,439 Services transferred at a point in time 10,580,892 7,203,874 Net mortuary and cemetery sales $ 26,993,855 $ 23,997,313 Significant Judgments and Estimates The Company’s cemetery and mortuary segment recognizes revenue on future performance obligations when goods are delivered and when services are performed and is not determined by the terms or payments of the contract as long as any good or service is paid in full prior to delivery. Prices are determined based on the market at the time a contract is created. Goods or services are not partially completed. There are no significant judgements, estimations or allocation methods when revenue should be recognized. Practical Expedients The Company has not elected to use any of the practical expedients under ASC 606. Contract Costs The Company’s cemetery and mortuary segment defers certain costs associated with obtaining a contract on future obligations. Pre-need Merchandise and Service Revenue : Pre-need merchandise and service revenues are deferred until the goods or services are delivered. Recognition can be years until the obligations are satisfied. Commissions and other costs are capitalized and deferred until the obligation is satisfied. Other costs include rent on pre-need offices and training rooms, and call center costs. Costs that are allocated based on a percentage include family service advisor compensation, bonuses, utilities and supplies that are all used to procure a pre-need sale. At-need Specialty Merchandise Revenue : At-need specialty merchandise is ordered from a third-party manufacturer. Generally, at-need specialty merchandise is ordered and received within 90 days of order. These orders are also short-term in nature and are deferred until the product is received from the manufacturer and the obligation is satisfied. 115 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 23) Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Continued) Deferred Pre-need Land Revenue : Revenue is recognized on pre-need land sales when the customer has paid at least 10% toward the land price. In cases where customers pay less than 10% the revenue and associated commissions are deferred until such time when 10% of the contract price is received. The following table disaggregates contract costs that are included in deferred policy and pre-need contract acquisition costs on the consolidated balances sheets. Reconciliation of Revenues from Cemetery and mortuary contracts to Business Segment Information 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Pre-need merchandise and services $ 3,780,173 $ 3,688,579 At-need specialty merchandise 35,371 29,688 Pre-need land sales - - Deferred policy and pre-need contract acquisition costs $ 3,815,544 $ 3,718,267 24) Leases A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company determines if a contract is a lease at the inception of the contract. At the commencement date of a lease, the Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term, discounted using the discount rate for the lease. The Company uses the rate implicit in the lease, if available, otherwise the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. Also, at the commencement date of a lease, the Company measures the cost of the related right-of-use asset which consists of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability, any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, minus any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs incurred by the Company. Information about the Nature of Leases and Subleases The Company leases office space and equipment from third-parties under various non-cancelable agreements. The Company has operating leases for office space for its segments in areas where it conducts business. The Company subleases some of this office space. The Company also has finance leases for certain equipment, such as copy machines and postage machines. The Company does not have any lease agreements with variable lease payments. The Company has not included any options to extend or terminate leases in the recognition of the right-of-use assets or lease liabilities because of the uncertainty that they will be exercised. No residual value guarantees have been provided to the Company. The Company does not have any restrictions or covenants imposed by leases. Leases that have not Commenced The Company does not have any leases that have not commenced that create significant rights or obligations for the Company. Related Party Lease Transactions The Company does not have any related party lease transactions that require disclosure as of December 31, 2022. 116 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 24) Leases (Continued) Short-term Leases The Company made an accounting policy election not to apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases, which are leases that, at the commencement date, have a lease term of 12 months or less and do not include an option to purchase the underlying assets that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise. Significant Judgments and Assumptions The Company does not use any significant judgments or assumptions regarding the determination of whether a contract contains a lease; the allocation of the consideration in a contract between lease and nonlease components; or the determination of the discount rates for the leases. The following table presents the Company’s total lease cost recognized in earnings, amounts capitalized as right-of-use assets and cash flows from lease transactions. Schedule of Lease Cost Recognized in Earnings 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 Lease Cost Finance lease cost: Amortization of right-of-use assets (1) $ 30,163 $ 41,925 Interest on lease liabilities (2) 2,773 4,713 Operating lease cost (3) 4,498,894 4,896,315 Short-term lease cost (3)(4) 1,135,003 167,551 Sublease income (3) ( 209,455 ) ( 275,038 ) Total lease cost $ 5,457,378 $ 4,835,466 Other Information Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 4,250,630 $ 4,697,819 Operating cash flows from finance leases 2,773 4,713 Financing cash flows from finance leases 31,685 42,184 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: Operating leases $ 2,054,534 $ 5,216,048 Finance leases - - Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) Finance leases 1.25 2.07 Operating leases 3.46 6.04 Weighted-average discount rate Finance leases 5.78 % 5.74 % Operating leases 4.50 % 4.14 % (1) Included in Depreciation on property and equipment on the consolidated statements of earnings (2) Included in Interest expense on the consolidated statements of earnings (3) Included in Rent and rent related expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings (4) Includes leases with a term of 12 months or less 117 SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 24) Leases (Continued) The following table presents the maturity analysis of the Company’s lease liabilities. Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Finance Leases and Operating Leases Finance Leases Operating Leases Lease payments due in: 2023 $ 27,220 $ 3,929,227 2024 4,354 3,328,744 2025 692 2,166,880 2026 - 1,454,848 2027 - 340,112 Thereafter - 324,548 Total undiscounted lease payments 32,266 11,544,359 Less: Discount on cash flows ( 1,184 ) ( 947,888 ) Present value of lease liabilities $ 31,082 $ 10,596,471 The following table presents the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Schedule of Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities Year Ended December 31 Balance Sheet Location 2022 2021 Operating Leases Right-of-use assets Other assets $ 9,987,699 $ 12,483,638 Right-of-use assets Other assets $ 9,987,699 $ 12,483,638 Lease liabilities Other liabilities and accrued expenses $ 10,596,471 $ 12,939,691 Lease liabilities Other liabilities and accrued expenses $ 10,596,471 $ 12,939,691 Finance Leases Right-of-use assets $ 228,221 $ 235,867 Accumulated amortization ( 200,178 ) ( 177,660 ) Right-of-use assets, net Property and equipment, net $ 28,043 $ 58,207 Right-of-use assets, net Property and equipment, net $ 28,043 $ 58,207 Lease liabilities Bank and other loans payable $ 31,082 $ 62,767 Lease liabilities Bank and other loans payable $ 31,082 $ 62,767 The Company is also a lessor and has operating lease agreements with various tenants that lease its commercial and residential properties. See Note 2 for information about the Company’s real estate held for investment. 118 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None