Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. 10-K

Item 1. Business. Overview Prior to its transfer and sale during 2024 of the various assets described below, Arcadia was a producer and marketer of innovative, plant-based products. Arcadia sought to be a leader in science-based approaches to developing high value crop improvements, primarily in wheat which it commercialized through the sales of seed, grain, food ingredients and products, and through trait licensing and royalty agreements. The acquisition of the assets of Live Zola, LLC (“Zola”) in May 2021 added coconut water to Arcadia’s portfolio of products. In May 2021, Arcadia’s wholly owned subsidiary Arcadia Wellness, LLC (“Arcadia Wellness”), acquired the businesses of Eko Holdings, LLC, Lief, LLC. The acquisition included Saavy Naturals™, a line of natural body care products, Soul Spring™, a CBD-infused botanical therapy brand in the natural category, and ProVault™, a THC-free CBD sports performance formula made with natural ingredients, providing effective support and recovery for athletes (collectively, “body care brands”). Also included in the purchase was Zola, a coconut water sourced exclusively with sustainably grown coconuts from Thailand. In July 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to license Saavy Naturals to Radiance Beauty and Wellness, Inc. (“Radiance Beauty”). In July 2023, Arcadia’s management made the decision to exit the remaining body care brands, Soul Spring and ProVault, as a result of continued pressure on the CBD market due to regulatory uncertainty. Body care operations ceased during the third quarter of 2023. On May 14, 2024, Arcadia sold its non-GMO Resistant Starch (“RS”) durum wheat trait to longtime partner Corteva Agriscience (“Corteva”) for total cash consideration of $4.0 million. Under the terms of the agreement, Arcadia retained certain rights to use the RS durum wheat trait. Refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for further details of the transaction. On May 16, 2024, Arcadia sold the GoodWheat™ brand to Above Food for net consideration of $3.7 million. The strategic decision to sell GoodWheat enabled the Company to monetize its intellectual property early. The assets sold consisted primarily of grain and finished goods inventories, formulations and trademarks. The disposition of GoodWheat met the "held for sale" criteria per ASC 205-20-45-1B and represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results. As a result, the Company's financial statements and related notes as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 reflect the GoodWheat disposition as a discontinued operation. The disposition of GoodWheat resulted in a loss of $1,500 during the year ended December 31, 2024. Refer to Notes 4 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements for further details of the transaction. Recent Developments On December 4, 2024, Arcadia, Roosevelt Resources LP (“Roosevelt” or the “Partnership”) and Elliott Roosevelt, Jr. and David A. Roosevelt, in their capacities as representatives of the limited partners of the Partnership (the “LP Representatives”) entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement (as it may be amended from time to time, the “Exchange Agreement”). Subject to the terms of the Exchange Agreement and to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Exchange Agreement, at the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Exchange Agreement (the "Closing"), Arcadia agreed to issue shares of its common stock (“Arcadia common stock,” “Common Stock” or “common stock”) to the limited partners of Roosevelt in exchange for all of the limited partnership interests of Roosevelt and to the sole member of the general partner of Roosevelt (together with the limited partners, referred to collectively as the “Limited Partners”) in exchange for its membership interest (together with the limited partnership interests of the Limited Partners, sometimes referred to as the “Partner Interests”) in the limited liability company that is the general partner of Roosevelt (such exchange, contributions and issuances referred to as the “Exchange”). As a result of the Exchange, Arcadia will continue and Roosevelt will continue as a wholly owned subsidiary of Arcadia. Upon completion of the Exchange, and based on the number of shares issuable pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, we estimate that the Limited Partners and the Arcadia stockholders as of immediately prior to the Closing will collectively own approximately 90% and 10%, respectively, of the shares of common stock of Arcadia outstanding immediately after the Closing. These percentages are estimates, are subject to 2 Table of Contents certain assumptions and are subject to potential adjustment prior to the Closing, including as a result of changes in the number of outstanding shares of Arcadia common stock. As a result, Arcadia stockholders and the former Roosevelt Limited Partners could own a greater, or a lesser, percentage of the outstanding shares of Arcadia immediately after the Closing than the estimates set forth above. On February 14, 2025, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-4 with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") relating to the shares to be issued in the transaction. The registration statement also included a proxy statement/prospectus relating to a special meeting of stockholders of the Company to be held to approve the issuance of shares pursuant to the Exchange Agreement and related proposals. As part of the proposals to be submitted to the stockholders at the planned upcoming meeting of stockholders of the Company to vote on various proposals relating to the transactions contemplated by the Exchange Agreement, one of the proposals is to give the board of directors (the "Board") the authority to effect a reverse stock split, should the Board determine that a reverse stock split is appropriate in light of, among other factors, the Company’s listing application to Nasdaq in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Exchange Agreement. Our Products Zola Coconut Water Founded in 2002, Zola became part of the Arcadia family of brands in May 2021. Sourced from Thailand, Zola is a pure, natural, 100% coconut water with a crisp, clean taste that’s slightly sweet and refreshing. Naturally hydrating and rich in electrolytes, Zola is Non-GMO Project Verified and only contains 60 calories per serving. Zola flavors include original, original with pulp, espresso, lime and pineapple. Based on Arcadia’s research, consumers prefer the clean, crisp taste of Zola to that of other leading coconut water brands. In taste tests, Zola beat competitors 2 to 1, and the Company believes it is a superior way to rehydrate, reset and reenergize. Agronomic Wheat Traits On average, Americans get approximately 20% of their daily calories from wheat. As a result, Arcadia developed a portfolio of non-GMO specialty wheat traits to offer healthier, nutrient-rich wheat options while providing the same baking quality, taste, and texture as traditional wheat. Arcadia’s non-GMO Reduced Gluten High Fiber Wheat has fewer allergenic glutens and higher fiber than traditional wheat while Arcadia’s non-GMO Extended Shelf-Life Wheat extends the shelf life of milled whole wheat flour. Arcadia believes that its proprietary intellectual property with multiple non-GMO wheat traits offer functional benefits and a compelling point of differentiation. We intend to seek to monetize our proprietary technology, including through possible asset sale transactions. Intellectual Property We rely on patents and other proprietary right protections, including trade secrets and contractual protection of our proprietary know-how and confidential information, to preserve our competitive position. As of December 31, 2024, we owned or exclusively controlled 79 issued patents, 24 pending patent applications worldwide, and six plant variety protection certificates. These totals reflect the following: (i) with respect to the U.S. territory, we owned 24 issued patents, and we owned six U.S. patent applications and six plant variety protection certificates relating to our plants and trait technologies; and (ii) in connection with foreign territories, we owned 54 and exclusively in-licensed three foreign issued patents, and owned 18 pending foreign patent applications. As of December 31, 2024, our wheat patent portfolio included 16 U.S. issued patents, six U.S. patent applications, one plant variety certificate, 52 foreign issued patents and 14 foreign patent applications. With respect to all of the foregoing patent and plant protection assets, our exclusive licenses afford us control over the prosecution and maintenance of the licensed patents and patent applications. These numbers do not include in-licensed patents for which we either do not have exclusive rights (such as certain enabling technology licenses), or for which we have exclusive rights only in a limited field of use or do not control prosecution and maintenance of the licensed patents. 3 Table of Contents As of December 31, 2024, we had four registered trademarks and two pending trademark applications in the United States, and five trademark registrations in various other countries; and our wholly-owned subsidiary Arcadia Wellness, LLC had nine registered trademarks in the United States. Competition The markets for beverage products are highly competitive, and we face significant direct and indirect competition in several aspects of our business. We compete with both large, established manufacturers, as well as small, innovative producers of beverage products. The beverage industry is competitive. Competitors in this market compete for brand recognition, ingredient sourcing, product shelf space, and e-commerce page rankings. Our competitors have similar distribution channels and retailers to deliver and sell their products. Competitors in this space include Vita Coco, ZICO, C20 and Harmless Harvest. Employees As of December 31, 2024, we had nine employees, including in management, operations, accounting/finance, legal and administration. We believe our employee relations to be good. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or collective bargaining agreement. Facilities Our corporate headquarters are located in Dallas, Texas with additional office space in Sacramento, California. We believe that our leased facilities are adequate to meet our current needs and that, if needed, suitable additional or alternative space will be available to accommodate our operations. Available Information Our website address is www.arcadiabio.com. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, any amendments to those reports, proxy and registration statements filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, are available free of charge through our website. We make these materials available through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish such materials to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Report. Item 1A. Ris k Factors. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to the other information contained in this Report on Form 10-K, including the section of this Report titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and related notes. If any of the events described in the following risk factors and the risks described elsewhere in this Report occurs, our business, operating results and financial condition could be seriously harmed. This Report on Form 10-K also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of factors that are described below and elsewhere in this Report. Risks Related to Our Business There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, which may hinder our ability to obtain further financing. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared using the generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, as shown in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in this Report, we have an accumulated deficit, recurring net losses and net cash used in operations, and resources that will not be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements, which raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments 4 Table of Contents that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. If we cannot continue as a viable entity, we might be required to reduce or cease operations or seek dissolution and liquidation or bankruptcy protection, and our stockholders would likely lose most or all of their investment in us. Our proposed Exchange transaction with Roosevelt is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Failure to complete, or delays in completing, the proposed Exchange transaction with Roosevelt could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, business, financial condition and/or stock price. Our previously announced proposed Exchange transaction with Roosevelt is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Some of those risks and uncertainties include the following, among others: • The closing of the Exchange transaction is subject to approval by our stockholders of certain proposals relating to the transactions contemplated by the Exchange Agreement, as well as the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions. Our stockholders might not approve the proposals that are required in order for us to be able to close the Exchange transaction, or the Exchange Agreement might be terminated for other reasons. We cannot assure you that the proposed Exchange will be successfully completed. Any failure to satisfy a required condition to closing may delay or prevent the completion of the transaction, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, business, financial condition and/or stock price. • We may require additional funding in order to be able to close the Exchange transaction. • If the Exchange with Roosevelt is not completed, our board of directors would be required to consider alternatives for our business and assets, which might include seeking the dissolution and liquidation of the Company, seeking an acquisition transaction or similar transaction with another company, initiating bankruptcy proceedings, or other alternatives. There can be no assurance regarding the outcome of such a process. We would have very limited cash resources, might be unable to raise additional funding, and could be forced to reduce or suspend operations, seek dissolution proceedings, or seek federal bankruptcy protection. • We would remain liable for significant transaction costs, including legal, accounting, financial advisory and other costs relating to the Exchange regardless of whether the Exchange is consummated. • If the Exchange is not completed, the trading price of Arcadia’ common stock may decline to the extent that the then-current market prices for our common stock reflect a market assumption that the Exchange will be completed. • We could be subject to litigation related to the Exchange Agreement, the Exchange transaction or any failure to complete the Exchange. • We could potentially lose key personnel during the pendency of the Exchange. • If the Exchange is not completed, we would not realize the potential benefits of the Exchange, which could have a negative effect on our results of operations, financial condition, business and stock price. • If the Exchange is consummated, then if the Company, which we will sometimes refer to after consummation of the Exchange as the "combined company," is unable to realize the substantial strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the Exchange, Arcadia stockholders will have experienced dilution of their ownership interests in the Company without receiving any commensurate benefit, or only receiving part of the commensurate benefit to the extent the combined company is able to realize only part of the strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the Exchange. In 5 Table of Contents addition, any shares of common stock that the Company may issue following consummation of the Exchange will further dilute the ownership interests of the Company's current stockholders. • If the Exchange Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, the Company may be required to reimburse Roosevelt's expenses up to $500,000 or $750,000, depending on the reasons for the termination. • If the Exchange transaction with Roosevelt is not completed, we will have extremely limited cash resources. Although we may try to pursue an alternative transaction, if no alternate transaction can be negotiated and completed or we are not successful in raising additional required funding, we may be forced to reduce or suspend operations, file for federal bankruptcy protection or seek dissolution or liquidation proceedings. In such an event, our creditors would have first claim on the value of our assets which, other than remaining cash, would most likely be liquidated in one or more transactions or a bankruptcy sale, in which case our common stock would have little or no value. We can give no assurance as to the magnitude of the net proceeds of such a sale and whether such proceeds would be sufficient to satisfy our obligations to its creditors, let alone to permit any distribution to our equity holders. • If the Exchange is consummated, the combined company will require significant additional funding in order to develop the Roosevelt assets and conduct the combined company's anticipated business. If such funding involves the issuance of equity securities, our stockholders would suffer additional dilution to their percentage ownership interests in the Company, which could be material. If such funding involves debt financing, the agreements relating to such financing may involve restrictive covenants or other provisions that will limit our operating flexibility. If the Exchange is consummated and the combined company fails to raise sufficient funds, the combined company would not be able to successfully execute on its business strategy. Failure to timely complete the proposed Exchange transaction with Roosevelt could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, business, prospects and our stock price. Statements in this Report on Form 10-K concerning our future plans and operations are dependent on our ability to secure adequate funding and the absence of unexpected delays or adverse developments. We may not be able to secure required funding. Any statements contained in this Report on Form 10-K concerning future events or developments or our future operations or activities are forward-looking statements that in each instance assume that we have or are able to obtain sufficient funding to support such activities and continue our operations and satisfy our liability and obligations in a timely manner. There can be no assurance that this will be the case. Also, such statements assume that there are no significant unexpected developments or events that delay or prevent such activities from occurring. Failure to timely obtain any required additional funding, or unexpected developments or events, could delay the occurrence of such events or prevent the events described in any such statements from occurring which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 6 Table of Contents We have a history of significant losses, which we expect to continue, and we may never achieve or maintain profitability. We have incurred significant net losses since our formation in 2002 and we expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. We incurred net losses of $7.0 million and $14.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $278.9 million. Net cash used in operations was $9.6 million and $15.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We expect to continue to incur losses. If we are unable to adequately control the costs associated with operating our business, including costs of development and commercialization of its traits, our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects will suffer. Arcadia will require additional financing and may not be able to obtain such financing on favorable terms, if at all, which could adversely impact the Company’s operations and ability to continue its business. Such additional funding may not be available, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and would materially and adversely affect our ability to continue operations. Arcadia will require additional funding in the near term to fund its business and the marketing and sale of its products and to provide working capital to fund other aspects of its business. There are no assurances that required funding will be available at all or will be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms. If future financings involve the issuance of equity securities, Arcadia’s existing stockholders would suffer dilution. If Arcadia is able to raise debt financing, it may be subject to restrictive covenants that limit its operating flexibility. Arcadia may not be able to raise sufficient additional funds on terms that are favorable to it, if at all. If Arcadia fails to raise sufficient funds and continues to incur losses, its ability to continue its operations, take advantage of strategic opportunities, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures, would likely be significantly limited. Delays in obtaining, or the inability to obtain, required funding would materially and adversely affect our ability to satisfy our current and future liabilities and obligations, and would materially and adversely affect our ability to continue operations. If we do not have sufficient funds to continue operations, we could be required to seek dissolution and liquidation, bankruptcy protection or other alternatives that would likely result in our stockholders losing some or all of their investment in us. Arcadia’s gross profit margins on its consumer products may be impacted by a variety of factors, including but not limited to variations, freight costs, pricing, customer requirements, market acceptance rate and promotional support costs. Arcadia expects that its gross profit as a percentage of net sales could fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including product pricing, retail discounts, and input costs. If Arcadia is not able to increase its selling prices or improve product sizes sufficiently, or in a timely manner, to offset increased input costs, or if its sales volume decreases significantly, there could be a negative impact on its financial condition and results of operations. Competition is intense and if Arcadia is unable to compete effectively, its financial results will suffer. Arcadia faces significant competition in the markets in which it operates. The markets for coconut water products are intensely competitive. Arcadia may be unable to compete successfully against its current and future competitors, which may result in price reductions, reduced margins and the inability to achieve market acceptance for its products. In addition, several of Arcadia’s competitors have substantially greater financial, marketing, sales, distribution, research and development, and technical resources than Arcadia, and some of its collaborators have more experience in research and development, regulatory matters, manufacturing, and marketing. Competition could increase in the future if new companies enter the market. Arcadia depends on its key personnel and, if it is not able to attract and retain qualified technical and business personnel, it may not be able to continue its business. Arcadia’s future performance will depend on the continued services and contributions of its management team and other key employees and, if the Exchange is consummated, Roosevelt's management team and key employees, the loss of whose services might significantly delay or prevent the achievement of the Company's objectives. The 7 Table of Contents replacement of any member of our management team involves significant time and costs and such loss could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. Additionally, Arcadia’s business is dependent on its ability to recruit and maintain a highly skilled and educated workforce with expertise in a range of disciplines, including supply chain management, marketing, and other subjects relevant to its operations. All of Arcadia’s current employees are at-will employees, and the failure to retain or hire skilled and highly educated personnel could limit its growth and hinder its business. Arcadia’s business is subject to the risks of security breaches, including cybersecurity incidents. Arcadia utilizes and critically relies upon information technology systems in all aspects of its business, including large amounts of data to support its products. Failure to effectively prevent, detect, and recover from the increasing number and sophistication of information security threats could result in theft, misuse, modification, and destruction of information, including trade secrets and confidential business information, and cause business disruptions, and reputational damage, which could significantly affect Arcadia’s results of operations and financial condition. Arcadia may be required to pay substantial damages as a result of product liability, health and safety, or other similar claims for which insurance coverage is not available. Arcadia is subject to product liability, health and safety, or similar claims with respect to its products, including claims described elsewhere in this Report under the heading "Legal Proceedings." Such claims against Arcadia or its collaborators selling Arcadia’s products could damage Arcadia reputation, harm its relationships with its collaborators, and materially and adversely affect its business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects. Furthermore, while many of Arcadia’s collaboration agreements require that Arcadia’s collaborators indemnify Arcadia for the cost of product liability claims brought against Arcadia as a result of its collaborator’s misconduct, such indemnification provisions may not always be enforced, and we may receive no indemnification if Arcadia’s own misconduct contributed to the claims. Unfavorable global economic or political conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Our results of operations could be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy and in the global financial markets. A global financial crisis or a global or regional political disruption could cause extreme volatility in the capital and credit markets. Outbreaks of epidemic, pandemic, or contagious diseases could disrupt Arcadia’s business resulting in a loss of productivity from its employees. In addition, the US financial markets have been negatively impacted by the rise of inflation and interest rates, increasing the potential for a local and/or global economic recession that could disrupt Arcadia’s business. A political disruption could also strain Arcadia’s manufacturers or suppliers, possibly resulting in supply disruption, or cause its customers to delay making payments for its services. Any of the foregoing could harm Arcadia’s business, and we cannot anticipate all of the ways in which the political or economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business. Changes to U.S. trade policy, tariff and import/export regulations may adversely affect our operating results. Changes in U.S. or international social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, development and investment in the countries relevant to our business, as well as any negative sentiment toward the U.S. as a result of such changes, could adversely affect our business. The U.S. has instituted or proposed changes in trade policies that include the negotiation or termination of trade agreements, the imposition of higher tariffs on imports into the U.S., economic sanctions on individuals, corporations or countries, and other government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries where we conduct our business. As a result of policy changes and government proposals, there may be greater restrictions and economic disincentives on international trade. The new tariffs and other changes in U.S. trade policy could trigger retaliatory actions by affected countries, and foreign governments have instituted or are considering imposing trade sanctions on U.S. goods. Such changes have the potential to adversely impact the U.S. economy or sectors thereof, our 8 Table of Contents industry and the demand for our products in countries outside of the U.S. where we sell our products and that are adversely affected by such changes, and as a result, could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Because our Zola coconut water product is sourced in Thailand, such steps, if adopted and if they affect countries that impact our business, could adversely impact our business and operations, increase our costs, and make our products less competitive. As a result of being a public company, Arcadia is obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting. Arcadia may not complete our analysis of its internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be effective, which may adversely affect investor confidence in Arcadia and, as a result, the value of its common stock. Pursuant to Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SOX”) and the related rules adopted by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, Arcadia’s management is required to report on the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. Section 404(b) of SOX requires that its independent registered public accounting firm will also need to attest to the effectiveness of Arcadia’s internal control over financial reporting if Arcadia qualifies as an accelerated filer or a large accelerated filer, which it currently does not as of the date of this Report. Arcadia is continuously seeking to maintain and/or improve its internal control environment. As a result, Arcadia may experience higher than anticipated operating expenses, as well as higher auditor fees during and after the implementation of these changes. If Arcadia is unable to implement any of the required changes to its internal control over financial reporting effectively or efficiently or are required to do so earlier than anticipated, it could adversely affect its operations, financial reporting, and results of operations and could result in an adverse opinion on internal controls from Arcadia’s independent registered public accounting firm. Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock Future sales of substantial amounts of Arcadia’s common stock, or the possibility that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of Arcadia’s common stock. Future sales in the public market of Arcadia’s common stock, or shares issued upon exercise of its outstanding stock options or warrants, or the perception by the market that these issuances or sales could occur, could lower the market price of Arcadia’s common stock or make it difficult for Arcadia to raise additional capital. In addition, a large number of shares of common stock are issuable to the Limited Partners of Roosevelt if the Exchange transaction is consummated. Arcadia’s stockholders may experience substantial dilution and a reduction in the price that they are able to obtain upon the sale of their shares. As of December 31, 2024, we had 1,364,940 shares of common stock outstanding, substantially all of which Arcadia believes may be sold publicly, subject in some cases to volume and other limitations, provisions or limitations in registration rights agreements, or prospectus delivery or other requirements relating to the effectiveness and use of registration statements registering the resale of such shares. As of December 31, 2024, we had 43,059 shares of Arcadia’s common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options under our equity incentive plans at a weighted-average exercise price of $86.18 per share, and outstanding warrants and preferred investment options to purchase 1,083,435 shares of common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $34.27 per share. Subject to applicable vesting requirements, upon exercise of these options or warrants, the underlying shares may be resold into the public market, subject in some cases to volume and other limitations or prospectus delivery requirements pursuant to registration statements registering the resale of such shares. In the case of outstanding options and warrants that have exercise prices that are below the market price of Arcadia’s common stock from time to time, Arcadia’s stockholders would experience dilution upon the exercise of these options and warrants. 9 Table of Contents Arcadia’s stock price has been and may continue to be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The market price of Arcadia’s common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. After making adjustments for the impact of reverse stock splits, since shares of our common stock were sold in its initial public offering in May 2015 at a price of $6,400.00 per share, Arcadia’s stock price has ranged from $1.85 to $6,984.00, through December 31, 2024. The market price of Arcadia’s common stock is subject to wide fluctuations in response to various risk factors, some of which are beyond Arcadia’s control and may not be related to its operating performance, including: • addition or loss of significant customers, collaborators or distributors; • changes in laws or regulations applicable to its industry; • additions or departures of key personnel; • the failure of securities analysts to cover its common stock after an offering; • actual or anticipated changes in expectations regarding its performance by investors or securities analysts; • price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market; • volatility in the market price and trading volume of companies in its industry or companies that investors consider comparable; • share price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of its shares; • sales of its common stock by Arcadia or its stockholders; • the expiration of contractual lock-up agreements; • litigation involving us, its industry, or both; • major catastrophic events; and • general economic and market conditions and trends. Further, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, and market conditions such as recessions, interest rate changes, or international currency fluctuations, may cause the market price of Arcadia’s common stock to decline. If the market price of Arcadia’s common stock fluctuates or declines, you may not realize any return on your investment and may lose some or all of your investment. Arcadia expects its operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter, which may cause Arcadia’s stock price to fluctuate widely. Arcadia expects its quarterly operating results to fluctuate widely and unpredictably for the following reasons, among others: • its significant customer concentration; • the effectiveness of its marketing and advertising efforts; • the impact of seasonality on sales of its products; • adjustments to inventory due to excess or slow-moving; • supplier or quality problems; and • variance in the timing of customer and distributor orders for its products. 10 Table of Contents Any unanticipated change in revenues or operating results is likely to cause Arcadia’s stock price to fluctuate since such changes reflect new information available to investors and analysts. Arcadia’s failure to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq could result in a delisting of its common stock, which could negatively impact the market price and liquidity of its common stock and its ability to access the capital markets. Arcadia’s common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If Arcadia fails to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, Nasdaq may take steps to delist Arcadia’s common stock. Such a delisting would have a negative effect on the price of Arcadia’s common stock, impair the ability to sell or purchase Arcadia’s common stock when persons wish to do so, and materially adversely affect Arcadia’s ability to raise capital or pursue strategic restructuring, refinancing or other transactions on acceptable terms, or at all. Delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities. In addition, in connection with the proposed Exchange transaction, the Company will need to file an initial listing application with Nasdaq and satisfy the initial listing standards for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, which in certain instances are different from and more restrictive than Nasdaq’s continued listing standards. Approval of continued listing of the common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market is a closing condition under the Exchange Agreement Certain of our securities issued in prior offerings include a right to receive the Black-Scholes value of the unexercised portion of those securities in the event of a certain kinds of fundamental transactions, which payments, if applicable, could be significant. Certain of our outstanding warrants (which in some instances are denominated as “investment option” securities) to purchase shares of common stock that we issued in prior offerings provide that, in the event of certain kinds of “fundamental transactions,” including, among other things, a merger or consolidation of the Company, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or a sale of a certain percentage of our common stock, where the Company is not the surviving entity (as defined in the warrant or investment option) in the transaction or the Company’s common stock is no longer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the holders of such warrants have the option, by delivering a notice within 30 days after the closing of the transaction, to require us to pay to such holders an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the warrants, calculated as provided in the warrants. The Company believes that these provisions are not applicable to the proposed Exchange transaction with Roosevelt contemplated by the Exchange Agreement, as described elsewhere in this Report. However, if such amounts were determined to be applicable and warrant holders timely delivered notices under the applicable provisions of the warrants, the amounts that the Company might be required to pay under such provisions could be material. In addition, if one or more holders of such warrants or investment options believes that such provisions are applicable and initiates legal proceedings to require the Company to make such payments, resolving such matters could involve significant time and expense, and an adverse outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Item 1B. Unresolve d Staff Comments. Not applicable. Item 1C. Cybersecurity. We recognize the importance of identifying, assessing and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats. These risks include, among other things: operational risks, intellectual property theft, fraud, extortion, harm to employees or customers and violation of data privacy or security laws. Identifying and assessing cybersecurity risk is integrated into our overall risk management systems and processes. Cybersecurity risks related to our business, technical operations, privacy and compliance issues are identified and 11 Table of Contents addressed through a multi-faceted approach including third party assessments, internal IT controls, governance, risk and compliance reviews. We describe whether and how risks from cybersecurity threats are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our results of operations and financial condition, under the heading " Arcadia’s business is subject to the risks of security breaches, including cybersecurity incidents." in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of Part I of this Report. Our Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing cybersecurity risks and updates our Board of Directors on cybersecurity matters as needed. The Audit Committee receives periodic updates from management regarding cybersecurity matters and is notified as promptly as practicable of significant new cybersecurity threats or incidents. Management is responsible for the operational oversight of the company-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, and standards across relevant departments to assess and help prepare us to address cybersecurity risks. As of the date of this Report, we are no t aware of any cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. Item 2. Pr operties. Our corporate headquarters are located in Dallas, Texas with additional office space in Sacramento, California. We believe that our leased facilities are adequate to meet our current needs and that, if needed, suitable additional or alternative space will be available to accommodate our operations.