Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods required by the Securities and Exchange Commission and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officers and principal financial officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officers and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2025.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025. In making its assessment of internal control over financial reporting, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) . Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2025, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that audited our financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on management’s internal control over financial reporting, which is included in this Item 9A under the caption “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Ribbon Communications Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Ribbon Communications Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025, of the Company and our report dated February 26, 2026, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate .
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Dallas, Texas
February 26, 2026
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Item 9B. Other Information
During the three months ended December 31, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted , terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933). During the three months ended December 31, 2025, the Company did not adopt , terminate or modify a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Our board of directors has adopted a Code of Conduct applicable to all officers, directors and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of the code is available at the Investor Relations section of our website, located at investors.ribboncommunications.com, under “Corporate Governance - Governance Highlights.” We intend to make any disclosure required by law or Nasdaq Stock Market rules regarding any amendments to, or waivers from, any provisions of the code at the same location of our website.
Our board of directors has adopted insider trading policies and procedures governing the purchase, sale and/or other dispositions of our directors, officers and employees, or the Company itself, that are reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and any listing standards applicable to us (the “Insider Trading Policy”). Our Insider Trading Policy is filed as Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information required by this Item 10 is included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item 11 is included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item 12 is included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item 13 is included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this Item 14 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules
1) Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements of the Company are listed in the index under Part II, Item 8, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2) Financial Statement Schedules
None. All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required under the instructions, or the information is contained in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto included herein.
3) List of Exhibits
The Exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed in the Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page of this Annual Report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.
Description
2.1
**
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 14, 2019, by and among the Registrant, Ribbon Communications Israel Ltd., Eclipse Communications Ltd., ECI Telecom Group Ltd. and ECI Holding (Hungary) Korlátolt Felelősségű Társaság (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 14, 2019 with the SEC).
3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K12B, filed October 30, 2017 with the SEC).
3.2
Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 28, 2017 with the SEC).
3.3
Second Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 4, 2023 with the SEC).
3.4
Third Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 30, 2025 with the SEC)
3.5
Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 30, 2023 with the SEC).
3.6
Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 8, 2018 with the SEC).
4.1
Description of Capital Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 27, 2025 with the SEC).
4.2
Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 30, 2023 with the SEC).
10.1
First Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated as of March 3, 2020, by and among the Registrant, JPMC Heritage Parent LLC, Heritage PE (OEP)Heritage Parent LLC, Heritage PE (OEP) III, L.P. and ECI Holding (Hungary) Kft (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 3, 2020 with the SEC).
10.2
+
Form of Indemnity Agreement for Officers and Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 8, 2018 with the SEC).
10.3
+
Amended and Restated 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed October 31, 2018 with the SEC).
10.4
+
Senior Management Cash Incentive Plan, dated October 27, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 8, 2018 with the SEC).
10.5
+
Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the SEC on October 31, 2017).
10.6
+
Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Award Agreement Granted under the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Sonus, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed July 29, 2016 with the SEC).
10.7
+
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement Granted under the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Sonus, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed July 29, 2016 with the SEC).
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10.8
+
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) for Awards Granted under the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Sonus, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed July 29, 2016 with the SEC).
10.9
+
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Time-Based Vesting) for Awards Granted under the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 1, 2018 with the SEC).
10.10
+
Edgewater Networks, Inc. Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Option Plan, effective as of April 8, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed August 6, 2018 with the SEC).
10.11
+
Amendment to the Edgewater Networks, Inc. Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Option Plan, dated December 7, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed August 6, 2018 with the SEC).
10.12
+
Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement, dated June 21, 2024 by and among the Company, as a guarantor, Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc., as the borrower, HPS Investment Partners, LLC, as administrative agent, HPS Investment Partners, LLC and Whitehorse Capital Management, LLC, as lenders, joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 24, 2024 with the SEC).
10.13
+
Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2019 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed October 31, 2019 with the SEC).
10.14
+
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed October 31, 2019 with the SEC).
10.15
+
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Time-Based Vesting) under the 2019 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed October 31, 2019 with the SEC).
10.16
+
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) under the 2019 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed October 31, 2019 with the SEC).
10.17
+
Letter Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2020, among Ribbon Communications Inc., Sonus Networks, Inc. d/b/a Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc. and Bruce McClelland (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 19, 2020 with the SEC.
10.18
+
Severance Agreement, dated February 18, 2020, among Ribbon Communications Inc., Sonus Networks, Inc. d/b/a Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc. and Bruce McClelland (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 19, 2020 with the SEC).
10.19
+
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) between Ribbon Communications Inc. and Bruce McClelland (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 19, 2020 with the SEC).
10.20
+
Employment Agreement, dated as of October 3, 2024, among Ribbon Communications Inc., Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc. and John Townsend (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 4, 2024 with the SEC).
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10.21
+
Severance Agreement, dated as of October 3, 2024, among Ribbon Communications Inc., Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc. and John Townsend (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 4, 2024 with the SEC).
10.22
+
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) between the Company and John Townsend (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 4, 2024 with the SEC).
10.23
+
Ribbon Communications Inc. Amended and Restated 2019 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Form S-8 Registration Statement, filed June 2, 2020 with the SEC).
10.24
+
Amendment No. 1 to the Ribbon Communications, Inc. Amended and Restated 2019 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 8, 2022 with the SEC).
10.25
+
Employment Agreement, dated May 26, 2020, between the Registrant and Patrick Macken (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed April 30, 2021 with the SEC).
10.26
+
Severance Agreement, dated May 26, 2020, between the Registrant and Patrick Macken (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed April 30, 2021 with the SEC).
10.27
+
Employment Agreement, dated July 21, 2020, between the Registrant and Sam Bucci (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed April 30, 2021 with the SEC).
10.28
+
Severance Agreement, dated September 7, 2020, between the Registrant and Sam Bucci (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed April 30, 2021 with the SEC).
10.29
+*
Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Steve McCaffery.
10.30
+*
Severance Agreement between the Registrant and Steve McCaffery.
10.31
+
Employment Agreement, dated November 2, 2022, between the Registrant and Dan Redington (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 27, 2025 with the SEC).
10.32
+
Severance Agreement, dated November 2, 2022, between the Registrant and Dan Redington (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 27, 2025 with the SEC).
10.33
Form of Second Amended and Restated Registration Right Agreement, dated August 12, 2022, by an among Ribbon Communications Inc. and its stockholders that are parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 16, 2022 with the SEC).
10.34
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 28, 2023, by and among Ribbon Communications Inc. and each purchaser identified on the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 30, 2023 with the SEC).
10.35
Warrant Agreement, dated March 30, 2023, between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 30, 2023 with the SEC).
10.36
+
Ribbon Communications Inc. 2025 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed April 14, 2025 with the SEC).
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10.37
+*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Time-Based Vesting) under the 2025 Incentive Award Plan.
10.38
+*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) under the 2019 Incentive Award Plan.
10.39
+
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with Stephen J. McCaffery dated October 31, 2025 (3-year Time-Based Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on December 10, 2025 with the SEC).
10.40
+
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with Stephen J. McCaffery dated October 31, 2025 (4-year Time-Based Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on December 10, 2025 with the SEC).
10.41
+
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with Stephen J. McCaffery dated October 31, 2025 (Performance-Based Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on December 10, 2025 with the SEC).
19.1
Ribbon Communications Inc. Insider Trading Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 19.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 27, 2025 with the SEC).
21.1
*
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1
*
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP
31.1
*
Certification of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
*
Certification of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
#
Certification of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
#
Certification of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
97
Ribbon Communications Inc. Clawback Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 28, 2024 with the SEC).
101.INS
*
Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SC
*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.C
*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF
*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB
*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE
*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104
*
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*
Filed herewith.
#
Furnished herewith.
+
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement filed in response to Item 15(a)(3) of the Instructions to the Annual Report on Form 10-K.
**
Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish copies of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.
By:
/s/ Bruce McClelland
February 26, 2026
Bruce McClelland
President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signatures
Title
Date
/s/ Bruce McClelland
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
February 26, 2026
Bruce McClelland
/s/ John Townsend
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
February 26, 2026
John Townsend
/s/ Eric Marmurek
Senior Vice President and Deputy Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)
February 26, 2026
Eric Marmurek
/s/ Shaul Shani
Chairman
February 26, 2026
Shaul Shani
/s/ Stewart Ewing
Director
February 26, 2026
Stewart Ewing
/s/ Bruns H. Grayson
Director
February 26, 2026
Bruns H. Grayson
/s/ Beatriz V. Infante
Director
February 26, 2026
Beatriz V. Infante
/s/ Scott Mair
Director
February 26, 2026
Scott Mair
/s/ Rick W. Smith
Director
February 26, 2026
Rick W. Smith
/s/ Tanya Tamone
Director
February 26, 2026
Tanya Tamone
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