Propanc Biopharma, Inc. 10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended June 30 , 2024 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _____________ to _____________ Commission File Number: 000-54878 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 33-0662986 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) identification No.) 302 , 6 Butler Street , Camberwell , VIC Australia 3124 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code 61 03 9882 0780 Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered N/A N/A N/A Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transaction period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting fi rm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates was $ 424,536 computed by reference to the closing price of the registrant’s common stock as quoted on otcmarkets.com maintained by OTC Markets, Inc. on December 29, 2023 (which was $0.012 per share), based on 36,169,023 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) outstanding on such date. For purposes of the above statement only, all directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders are assumed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for any other purpose. As of September 25, 2024, there were 688,022,017 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding. Documents Incorporated by Reference: None PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I Item 1. Business 3 Item 1A. Risk Factors 23 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 23 Item 2. Properties 23 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 23 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure 23 Part II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 24 Item 6. [Reserved] 25 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 25 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 29 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 30 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 31 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 31 Item 9B. Other Information 33 Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 33 Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 33 Item 11. Executive Compensation 37 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 42 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 44 Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 45 Part IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 46 Signatures 52 2 Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including: any projections of earnings, revenues or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; any statements concerning proposed new products, services or developments; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance; any statements of belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements may include the words “may,” “might,” “will,” “will likely result,” “would,” “should,” “estimate,” “intend,” “continue,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “continue,” “target” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. The ultimate correctness of these forward-looking statements is dependent upon a number of known and unknown risks and events and is subject to various uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these statements. The following important factors, among others, could affect our future results and events, causing those results and events to differ materially from those views expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements: our ability to continue as a going concern absent new debt or equity financings; our ability to successfully remediate material weaknesses in our internal controls; our ability to reach research and development milestones as planned and within proposed budgets; our ability to control costs; our ability to successfully implement our expansion strategies; our current reliance on substantial debt financing that we currently are unable to repay in cash; our ability to obtain adequate new financing; our ability to successfully develop PRP, our lead product candidate; our ability to successfully develop and market our technologies; our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection; our ability to recruit employees and directors with accounting and finance expertise; our dependence on third parties for services; our dependence on key executives; the impact of government regulations, including U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations; the impact of any future litigation; the availability of capital; changes in economic, business and competitive conditions; and other risks. Any one or more of such risks and uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on us or the value of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”). All forward-looking statements included in this Form-10-K are made only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or as of the date indicated. We do not undertake any obligation to, and may not, publicly update or correct any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that subsequently occur or which we hereafter become aware of, except as required by law. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time and we cannot predict these events or how they may affect us. When considering these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and any documents incorporated herein by reference. You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents that we incorporate by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements. PART I Item 1. Business General As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, references to the “Company,” “Propanc,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Propanc Biopharma, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary, unless otherwise indicated. In addition, references to our “financial statements” are to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K except as the context otherwise requires. We prepare our consolidated financial statements in United States dollars and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States, (“U.S. GAAP”). In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, references to “$” and “dollars” are to United States dollars. 3 Overview We are a biopharmaceutical company developing a novel approach to prevent recurrence and metastasis from solid tumors by using pancreatic proenzymes that target and eradicate cancer stem cells in patients suffering from pancreatic, ovarian and colorectal cancers. Our novel proenzyme therapy is based on the science that enzymes stimulate biological reactions in the body, especially enzymes secreted by the pancreas. These pancreatic enzymes could represent the body’s primary defense against cancer. Our lead product candidate, PRP, is a variation upon our novel formulation and involves proenzymes, the inactive precursors of enzymes. As a result of positive early indications of the anti-cancer effects of our technology, we have conducted successful pre-clinical studies on PRP and also commenced preparation for a clinical study in advanced cancer patients. Subject to us receiving sufficient financing, we plan to begin our Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier, study proposal and Investigator’s Brochure in 2024. Our plan is to then commence our study preparation process with the contract research organization (“CRO”), analytical lab and trial site(s) selection and to begin our clinical trial application for PRP (“CTA”) compilation in the first calendar quarter of 2025 and complete the CTA compilation and submit the CTA in the first half of the 2025 calendar year. In the second calendar quarter of 2025, we plan to begin the preparation of logistics and trial site initiation visits. Subject to raising additional sufficient capital, we subsequently plan to commence a First-In-Human (“FIH”), Phase Ib study in patients with advanced solid tumors, evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor efficacy of PRP in the second half of the 2025 calendar year, which study we hope to complete within twelve months thereafter. We intend to develop our PRP to treat early-stage cancer and pre-cancerous diseases and as a preventative measure for patients at risk of developing cancer based on genetic screening. PRP is an intravenous injection proenzyme treatment designed as a therapeutic option in cancer treatment and prevention. PRP is a combination of the pancreatic proenzymes, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen. PRP produces multiple effects on cancerous cells intended to inhibit tumor growth and potentially stop a tumor from spreading through the body. We received notification from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in June 2017 that PRP had been conferred Orphan Drug Designation for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. This special status is granted when a rare disease or condition is implicated, and a potential treatment qualifies under the Orphan Drug Act and applicable FDA regulations. We received a Certificate for Advance Overseas Finding from the Board of Innovation and Science Australia to receive an up to a 43.5% “cash back” benefit from overseas research and development (“R&D”) expenses. The finding relates to the planned Phase Ib clinical trial – Multiple Ascending Dose Studies of proteolytic proenzymes for the treatment of advanced cancer patients suffering from solid tumors planned to be conducted at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Overseas activities to be undertaken include the development of an analytical assay for the quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (“API”) in PRP and its manufacture of the finished product for the Phase Ib clinical trial. Our POP1 joint research and drug discovery program (“POP1 Program”) is designed to produce a backup clinical compound to PRP. With the aim of producing large quantities of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen for commercial use, exhibiting minimal variation between lots and without sourcing the proenzymes from animals, we are undertaking a research project in collaboration with the universities of Jaén and Granada. We entered into a second two-year joint research and collaboration agreement with the University of Jaén, which is undertaking the research activities for the POP1 Program. 4 Our Focus Cancer occurs when cells in the body start to divide quickly and uncontrollably with an ability to migrate from one location and spread to distant sites. A cell becomes cancerous when it becomes undifferentiated. The cell forgets to do its job and invests all its energy to proliferating. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells multiply, but do not differentiate. Common cancer therapies take advantage of the uncontrolled proliferation of the cancer cells and kill these cells by targeting the cell division machinery. These therapies are effective but affect healthy cells as well, particularly those with a high rate of cell turnover, inducing undesirable side effects. Our goal is to stop cancer not by targeting tumor cell death, but inducing cell differentiation. This is known as differentiation therapy. The key focus is to convince the malignant cells to stop proliferating and return to do their work as a specific cell type. Differentiation therapy does not target cell death, so healthy cells within the patient will not be compromised, unlike chemotherapeutic drugs or gamma irradiation. Differentiation therapy induces the cancer cells into the pathway of terminal differentiation and eventual senescence ( i.e. , a non-proliferative state). Differentiation therapy acts not only against cancer cells, but interestingly can turn cancer stem cells (undifferentiated cells) towards completely differentiated ( i.e. , normal) cells. There are natural elements within our body that could help us fight against cancer. Enzymes are natural proteins that stimulate and accelerate biological reactions in the body. Particularly, enzymes secreted by the exocrine pancreas that are essential for the digestion of proteins and fats. More than one hundred years ago, Professor John Beard first proposed that pancreatic enzymes represent the body’s primary defense against cancer and would be useful as a cancer treatment. Since then, several scientists have endorsed Professor Beard´s hypothesis with encouraging data from patient treatment. We are developing a long-term therapy based on a pancreatic proenzyme formulation to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis, the main cause of patient death from cancer. PRP is a novel, patented, formulation consisting of two proenzymes mixed in a synergetic ratio. After extensive laboratory research and a limited amount of human data, we have evidence that PRP: ● Reduces cancer cell growth via promotion of cell differentiation; ● Enhances cell adhesion and may suppress metastasis progression; ● Exhibits no observable serious side effects and improves patient survival; ● Alters the external microenvironment of malignant tumors, preventing tumors from returning and spreading. PRP PRP is a mixture of two proenzymes, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen from bovine pancreas administered by intravenous injection. A synergistic ratio of 1:6 inhibits growth of most tumor cells. Examples include kidney, ovarian, breast, brain, prostate, colorectal, lung liver, uterine and skin cancers. Mechanism Of Action Metastasis occurs because a program inside the cell, called the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (“EMT”) is activated, which causes epithelial cancer cells to become invasive and stem cell-like, features which then allow these cancer cells to spread and metastasize. PRP reverses the conversion from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype and, as such, may reduce the metastatic potential of the tumor cells. PRP also promotes the acquisition of a less malignant phenotype, in addition to a decrease in proliferation due to lineage (i.e., direct descent) specific cellular differentiation. Selectivity PRP treatment affects the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (“TGFβ”) pathway, a significant tumor promoter in late-stage cancer by inducing tumor cell migration and stimulating the EMT program. The likely molecular targets are proteinase-activated-receptors (“PAR”) type 1 and 2, which are over frequently overexpressed in many types of cancers. Trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen are activated by proteases in the extracellular matrix of tumor cells. In turn, trypsin (activated trypsinogen) has a preference to activate PAR-2, whilst Chymotrypsin (activated chymotrypsinogen) mainly activates PAR-1. 5 Effects Against Cancer Stem Cells Cancer stem cells are resistant to standard treatments because they remain dormant for long periods, then migrate to other organs, and trigger explosive tumor growth, causing the patient to relapse. Approximately eighty percent of cancers are from solid tumors and metastasis is the main cause of patient death. Our unique patented approach is designed to target and eradicate cancer stem cells not killed by radiation or chemotherapy. PRP is designed to target and eradicate cancer stem cells not killed by radiation or chemotherapy. Traditional cancer therapies act on tumor replicating cells, but not cancer stem cells, so they can rebuild the tumor mass and can migrate to start a new tumor in another organ. PRP stops cancer stem cells so that a tumor loses the ability to generate new cells and therefore the tumor disappears with no option to form a metastatic tumor elsewhere. PRP treatment regulates up to four relevant intracellular pathways related to cancer spread and metastasis of cancer stem cells. – the TGFβ, Hippo, Wnt and Notch pathways. It promotes the up-regulation of RAC1b, which avoids the hyper-activation of the p38 pathway induced by the TGFβ pathway, leading to the phosphorylation of yes-associated protein (YAP), which sequesters B-catenin in the cytoplasm, blocking the canonical Wnt pathway and inhibiting the Notch pathway. This cascade of reactions implies the disruption of the cancer stem cell phenotype and the reversal of the malignant epithelial to mesenchymal transition process that leads to tumor invasion. PRP Impairs Niche Formation and Tumor Initiation The proenzyme treatment inhibits the expression of genes related to the cancer stem cell phenotype, changing these malignant cells toward a more differentiated and less dangerous cellular condition. PRP interferes with the signals that the primary tumor sends to other tissues to prepare the pre-metastatic niche. Several assays, in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that PRP exerts an anti-tumor effect and acts selectively against all malignant, or tumor elements without affecting the non-tumor microenvironment and preventing its malignification. In Vivo Efficacy of PRP In Pancreatic and Ovarian Tumors The effect of the pro-enzyme formulation PRP at different doses on tumor weight in orthotopically implanted pancreatic and ovary tumors was evaluated. In the pancreatic tumor model, there was significant (*P < 0.05) reduction in mean tumor weight in animals treated for 26 days with trypsinogen/chymotrypsinogen at 83.3/500 mg/kg (30.2 mg; 85.9% inhibition) compared with control (PBS; 214.8 mg). Furthermore, ovary tumor-bearing mice showed a significant (*P < 0.05) reduction in mean tumor weight in animals treated for 21 days with two different doses of trypsinogen/chymotrypsinogen, 9.1/54 mg/kg and 27.5/165 mg/kg, compared with control (PBS). The mean weight of control group tumors was 2062.2 mg while the treated groups presented a mean tumor weight of 1074.2 mg and 957.3 respectively, ranging in a 50% tumor inhibition (52–46%). Overview Of Clinical Studies The clinical efficacy of a suppository formulation containing bovine pancreatic pro-enzymes trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen was evaluated in the context of a UK Pharmaceuticals Special Scheme at the Dove Clinic in Hampshire, UK by Dr. Julian Kenyon, the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer, and the results were published by the Company in a peer-reviewed journal, Scientific Reports, on behalf of Dr. Kenyon. Clinical effects were studied in 46 patients with advanced metastatic cancers of different origin (prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, colorectal, stomach, non-small cell lung, bowel cancer and melanoma) after treatment with a rectal formulation of both pancreatic pro-enzymes. Patients were treated daily with a rectal formulation containing 8.92 mg of each of the two pancreatic pro-enzymes and 1.78 mg α-Amylase (A) per suppository. The study was carried out under a UK “Specials” License at the Dove Clinic, Hampshire, UK for periods up to 14 months. No severe or serious adverse events related to the rectal administration were observed. Patients did not experience any hematological side effects as typically seen with classical chemotherapy regimens. No allergic reactions after rectal administration of suppositories were observed. 6 In order to assess the therapeutic activity of rectal administration, overall survival of patients under treatment was compared to the life expectancy assigned to a patient prior to treatment start. 19 of 46 patients (41.3%) with advanced malignant diseases, most of them suffering from metastases, had a survival time significantly longer than expected; in fact, for the whole set of cancer types, mean survival (9.0 months) was significantly higher than mean life expectation (5.6 months). Although the number of patients per cancer indication is naturally quite low, 3 out of 8 patients with prostate cancer and 5 out of 11 patients with gastrointestinal cancers appear to particularly benefit from the treatment with the proenzyme suppositories. PRP proves to be an in vivo effective and non-toxic anti-tumor treatment, able to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth, cancer cell migration and invasiveness. Furthermore, a suppository formulation containing both pancreatic proenzymes increased the life expectancy of advanced cancer patients. Consequently, we believe that PRP could have relevant oncological clinical applications for the treatment of solid tumors like advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma and advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Type Life Expectation (months) Survival ** (months) Pancreatic carcinoma (n = 4) 2 8 4 * <3 7 <3 4 Ovarian Cancer (n = 7) 4 11 6 12 6 11 <12 38 <1 1 4 * 3 * Breast Cancer (n = 6) 6 9 6 * 2 * 12 * <12 * 12 * Colon Rectal Cancer (n = 5) 6 * 6 * 12 * 6 40 12 * Gastric Cancer (n = 2) 2 8 <3 7 Prostate Cancer (n = 8) 4 * 1 5 4 * <12 * 12 14 12 * 12 * 12 * Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (n = 1) 2 9 Mesothelioma (n = 1) 3 9 Melanoma (n = 2) 6 * <3 4 Neuro-endocrine Tumor (n = 1) 10 24 Bladder (n = 2) <3 * 12 * NSCLS (n = 2) 3 5 6 * Bowel (n = 2) <12 * <3 3 Small Cell Carcinoma (n = 1) <12 * Renal Cancer (n = 1) <3 * Abdomen unknown primary (n = 1) <12 * An overview of clinical results. Patients who met prognosis of life expectation (*). For the whole set of cancer types, mean survival (9.0 months) was statistically significantly higher than mean life expectation (5.6 months). One way ANOVA (analysis of variance) (α = 0.05, P < 0.05). 7 POP1 Joint Research And Drug Discovery Program The POP1 Program is designed to produce a backup clinical compound to PRP, which is targeting metastatic cancer from solid tumors. According to an Emergen Research report published in January 2022, the global metastatic cancer market is projected to reach $111 billion by 2027. To date, recombinant trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen have been synthesized and purified in the laboratory. In the case of trypsinogen, the initial success of producing trypsinogen synthetically has advanced to the stage where optimization of protein production is underway. Whereas purification and yield of chymotrypsinogen is currently the focus of research. A synthetic version of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen could have additional benefits to the global healthcare system that could further capitalize on the new therapeutic approach to treating cancer that PRP offers to cancer sufferers. For example, both proenzymes synthesized by an in vivo (living organism) system to produce crystalized proteins that could be maintained for long periods without suffering degradation, even in the absence of refrigeration. This will be particularly useful for a longer shelf life as well as global distribution of the drug product, particularly in warmer climates and developing regions where refrigeration may not be available. The program’s joint researchers at the universities of Jaén and Granada are currently collaborating with the Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, Austria, and are working towards full scale manufacture of a synthetic recombinant formulation to PRP. PRP Target Indications The management of cancer differs widely, with a multitude of factors impacting the choice of treatment strategy. Some of those factors include: ● the type of tumor, usually defined by the tissue in the body from which it originated; ● the extent to which it has spread beyond its original location; ● the availability of treatments, driven by multiple factors including cost, drugs approved, local availability of suitable facilities, etc.; ● regional and geographic differences; ● whether the primary tumor is amenable to surgery, either as a potentially curative procedure, or as a palliative one; and ● the balance between potential risks and potential benefits from the various treatments and, probably most importantly, the patient’s wishes. For many patients with solid cancers, such as breast, ovarian, colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer, surgery is frequently the first treatment option, often followed by first-line chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. While the hope is that such procedures are curative, in many instances the tumor returns, and second-line treatment strategies are chosen in an effort to achieve a degree of control over the tumor. In most instances, the benefit is temporary, and eventually the point is reached where the patient’s tumor either fails to respond to treatment adequately, or the treatment has unacceptable toxicity that severely limits its usefulness. 8 Should the planned Phase I, II and III clinical trials confirm the efficacy of PRP, along with the favorable safety and tolerability profile suggested by pre-clinical studies conducted to date, we believe our product will have utility in a number of clinical situations including: 1. In the early-stage management of solid tumors, most likely as part of a multi-pronged treatment strategy in combination with existing therapeutic interventions; 2. As a product that can be administered long term for patients following standard treatment approaches, such as surgery, or chemotherapy, in order to prevent or delay recurrence; and 3. As a preventative measure for patients at risk of developing cancer based on genetic screening. In the near-term and as part of our planned Phase I, II and III clinical trials, we plan to target patients with solid tumors, most likely ovarian and pancreatic, for whom other treatment options have been exhausted. This is a common approach by which most new drugs for cancer are initially tested. Once efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in this patient population, exploration of the potential utility of the drug in earlier stage disease can be undertaken, together with investigation of the drug’s utility in other types of cancers, such as gastro-esophageal tumors, colon or rectal carcinoma might be conducted. A Phase II study in a back-up indication, such as advanced therapy refractant prostate cancer, will also be considered. This indication is based on positive preclinical pharmacology studies. Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with a median survival of less than six months and a five-year survival rate of less than 5%. The lethal nature of this disease stems from its propensity rapidly to disseminate to the lymphatic system and distant organs. This aggressive biology and resistance to conventional and targeted therapeutic agents leads to a typical clinical presentation of incurable disease at the time of diagnosis. Pancreatic cancer has claimed notoriety over the last decades by proving to be one of the most recalcitrant solid tumors. As an indicator of its lethality, pancreatic cancer accounts for less than 3% of new cancers diagnosed annually in developed countries; yet, it is the third leading cause of cancer related mortality. Since pancreatic cancer is an essentially fatal condition, disease duration is roughly equivalent with survival time. The median time of survival of patients with pancreatic cancer depends on the extend of disease at the time of diagnosis and ranges from 11 to 20 months for patients who qualified for surgical resection (Stage I/II), to 6-11 months for patients with locally advanced disease (Stage III), and only two to six months for patients with metastatic disease (Stage IV) (Amikura 1995, Richter 2003). Taking these low survival times into consideration, the yearly incidence rates for pancreatic cancer are considered the more relevant measure for this disease. Each year the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data are collected by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR). In 2020, it was estimated that a total of more than 1,806,590 new cancer cases and more than 606,520 cancer deaths occurred in the United States according to the National Cancer Institute. Amongst these, a total of almost 50,000 new cases of pancreatic cancer (3.2% of new cancer cases) were estimated, which resulted in more than 40,000 deaths (8.2% of cancer deaths). This means only 20% survival rate of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Ovarian Cancer Ovarian cancer is a generic term that can be used for any cancer involving the ovaries, arising from one of the several different cell types of ovaries, including germ cells, specialized gonadal stromal cells and epithelial cells. Epithelial ovarian cancer accounts for approximately 90% of ovarian cancers and is responsible for most ovarian cancer related deaths. Furthermore, several subtypes of ovarian cancer have been described according to different risk factors, different genetic mutations, different biological behaviors and different prognoses. This heterogeneity of the disease has impeded progress in the prevention, early detection, treatment and management of ovarian cancer. 9 In 2020, ovarian cancer is the eighth most diagnosed cancer among women in the world and accounts for an estimated 313,959 new cases and 207,252 deaths worldwide (World Cancer Research Fund International)., In the USA, 19,880 new cases (2015 – 2019) and 12,810 related deaths (2016 – 2020) are estimated to occur (National Cancer Institute). The disease typically presents at late stage when the five-year relative survival rate is only 29%. Few cases (15%) are diagnosed with localized tumor (stage 1), when the five-year survival rate is 92%. Strikingly, the overall five-year relative survival rate generally ranges between 30% to 40% across the globe and has seen only very modest increases since 1995. Current Therapies We are developing a therapeutic solution for the treatment of patients with advanced stages of cancer targeting solid tumors, which is cancer that originates in organs or tissues other than bone marrow or the lymph system. Common cancer types classified as solid tumors include lung, colorectal, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer and liver cancers. In each of these indications, there is a large market opportunity to capitalize on the limitations of current therapies. Current therapeutic options for the treatment of cancer offer, at most, a few months of extra life or tumor stabilization. Some experts believe that drugs that kill most tumor cells do not affect cancer stem cells, which can regenerate the tumor (e.g., chemotherapy). Studies are revealing the genetic changes in cells that cause cancer and spur its growth. This research is providing scientific researchers with many potential targets for drugs. Tumor cells, however, can develop resistance to drugs. Limitations of Current Therapies PRP was developed because of the limitation of current cancer therapies. While surgery is often safe and effective for early-stage cancer, many standard therapies for late-stage cancer urgently need improvement; current treatments generally provide modest benefits, and frequently cause significant adverse effects. Our focus is to provide oncologists and their patients with therapies for metastatic cancer which are more effective than current therapies, and which have a substantially reduced side effect profile. While progress has been made within the oncology sector in developing new treatments, the overall cancer death rate has only improved by fifteen percent over the last 30 years. This is attributed to a reduction in smoking and an increase in 5-year survival rates for cancers. Most of these new treatments have some limitations, such as: 1. significant toxic effects; 2. expense; and 3. limited survival benefits. We believe that our treatment will provide a competitive advantage over the following treatments: ● Chemotherapeutics: Side effects from chemotherapy can include pain, diarrhea, constipation, mouth sores, hair loss, nausea and vomiting, as well as blood-related side effects, which may include a low cell count of infection fighting white blood cells (neutropenia), low red blood cell count (anemia), and low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). Our goal is to demonstrate that our treatment will be more effective than chemotherapeutic and hormonal therapies with fewer side effects. ● Targeted therapies: The most common type is multi-targeted kinase inhibitors (molecules which inhibit a specific class of enzymes called kinases). Common side effects include fatigue, rash, hand-foot reaction, diarrhea, hypertension and dyspnea (shortness of breath). Further, tyrosine kinases inhibited by these drugs appear to develop resistance to inhibitors. While the clinical findings with PRP are early and subject to confirmation in future clinical trials, no evidence has yet been observed of the development of resistance by the cancer to PRP. 10 ● Monoclonal antibodies: Development of monoclonal antibodies is often difficult due to safety concerns. Side effects that are most common include skin and gastro-intestinal toxicities. For example, several serious side effects from Avastin, an anti-angiogenic cancer drug, include gastrointestinal perforation and dehiscence (e.g., rupture of the bowel), severe hypertension (often requiring emergency treatment) and nephrotic syndrome (protein leakage into the urine). Antibody therapy can be applied to various cancer types, but can also be limited to certain genetic sub-populations in many instances. ● Immunotherapy: There is a long history of attempts to develop therapeutic cancer vaccines to stimulate the body’s own immune system to attack cancer cells. While these products generally do not have the poor safety profile of standard therapeutic approaches, only a small number of them are FDA-approved and available compared to the number of patients diagnosed with cancer. Furthermore, only a relatively small number of the patient population is eligible to receive and subsequently respond to treatment, as defined by preventing tumor growth. PRP Development Strategy Our goal is to foster early-stage clinical development of PRP to bring it to a significant value inflection point, where the commercial attractiveness of the drug in development, together with a greater likelihood of achieving market authorization, may attract potential interest from licensees seeking to acquire new products. Such value inflection points in the context of cancer drugs are typically at the point where formal, controlled clinical trials have demonstrated either “efficacy” or “proof of concept” – typically meaning that there is controlled clinical trial evidence that the drug is effective in the proposed target patient population, has an acceptable safety profile, and is suitable for further development. It is our intention to progress the development of our technology through the completion of our planned Phase IIa clinical trials and then to seek a licensee for further development beyond that point. As part of that commercial strategy, we intend to: ● continue research and development to build our existing intellectual property portfolio, and to seek new, patentable discoveries; ● seek to ensure all product development is undertaken in a manner that makes its products approvable in the major pharmaceutical markets, including the U.S., Europe, the UK, Australia and Japan; ● aggressively pursue the protection of our technology through all means possible, including patents in all major jurisdictions, and potentially trade secrets; and ● make strategic acquisitions to acquire new companies that have intellectual property or products that complement our future goals. PRP Development Plan and Milestones We plan to progress PRP using a conventional early-stage clinical development pathway, which entails: ● obtaining regulatory and/or ethics approval to conduct a Phase Ib study; and ● conducting Phase IIa multiple escalating dose studies to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PRP administered intravenously to patients. Preclinical development of PRP has been completed, including pharmacology and safety toxicology studies, process development activities and bioanalytical method development. The full-scale good manufacturing practice (“GMP”) finished product manufacture of PRP will be completed in preparation for the FIH Phase Ib study. Validation of the bioanalytical method will also be completed prior to lodging our first CTA, which we plan to undertake at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia’s largest cancer hospital. We are collaborating with CROs, manufacturing partners and consultants to complete activities prior to preparing the CTA for the Phase Ib study. 11 We have received expressions of interest to evaluate proenzyme therapy as a method to prevent recurrence and metastasis of solid tumors in pancreatic and ovarian cancers. The letters of interest were confirmed by medical oncologists specializing in pancreatic and ovarian cancers, from the University Hospital of Jaén, in Granada, Spain. We believe that the evaluation will most likely be conducted as separate Phase IIa proof of concept, multi-trial center studies for each target indication. The expressions of interest were confirmed after their evaluation of our scientific literature supporting the use of proenzymes in pancreatic and ovarian cancers. The Phase Iia proof of concept studies will be conducted after the Phase Ib dose escalation study investigating the tolerability and activity of proenzyme therapy in patients with advanced solid tumors is completed at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre. In Australia, we receive an up to 43.5% “cash-back” benefit in the form of a refund of our qualified research and, development costs and expenses. We received a refund of $196,937 AUD ($129,132) and $192,872 AUD ($129,841) for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We are continuing to evaluate all options to conduct our planned clinical trials in the most cost-efficient manner, while striving to minimize dilution to our stockholders. We anticipate reaching the Phase Iia proof of concept milestone in approximately three to four years, subject to regulatory approval in US, Europe and Australia, and the results from our R&D and licensing activities. Our overhead and expenses are likely to increase from its current level as PRP progresses down the development pathway. This increase will be driven by the need to increase our internal resources in order to effectively manage our research and development activities. Anticipated timeline In second calendar quarter of 2025, we anticipate the submission of the CTA for PRP. We anticipate receiving approval of the CTA in the second half of the 2025 calendar year. Following the CTA, we plan to commence our study preparation process, including CRO Selection and Contracts, Analytical Lab Selection Contracts and Trial Sites Selection and Contracts. In connection with the CTA, this product will be part of our Investigation Medicinal Product Dossier, study protocol and Investigator’s Brochure. In the second half of the 2025 calendar year, we hope to complete the study preparation process together with the Preparation of Logistics and Trial Sites Initiation Visits and complete our CTA review. Commencing in the second half of the 2025 calendar year, we intend to initiate a Phase Ib study in advanced cancer patients with solid tumors and we anticipate costs to be approximately $6.5 million. We will need to raise additional financing to fund our planned Phase I, II and III clinical trials and for working capital. Research Activity Timeline CTA November 2024 – April 2025 Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier Phase Ib Clinical Study Protocol Investigator’s Brochure CTA Compilation March 2025 – June 2025 CTA Submission June 2025 CTA Approval July 2025 CTA Review July 2025 – August 2025 Contract Research Organization and Contracts February 2024 – June 2025 Analytical Laboratory Selection and Contracts Trial Site Selection and Contracts Preparation of Logistics June 2025 – September 2025 Trial Site Initiation Visits First Patient/First Visit October 2025 12 Pop1 Joint Research And Drug Discovery Program The POP1 Program has been established with our collaborators at the universities of Jaén and Granada to investigate the changes in genetic and protein expression that occur in cancer cells as a consequence of being exposed to our proenzyme formulation. The objective of this work is to understand at the molecular level the targets of our proenzyme formulation, thereby providing the opportunity for new, patentable drugs which can be developed further. We plan to commence a targeted drug discovery program utilizing the identified molecular target to search for novel anticancer agents. The POP1 Program has produced synthetic recombinant versions of the two proenzymes, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen. Our joint scientific researchers are developing a novel expression system and are also in the process of optimizing conditions to achieve high titers of recombinant trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen. Further, the anticancer effects of the synthetic versions will be tested against the naturally derived proenzymes from bovine origin. Financial Objectives Multiple factors, many of which are outside of our control, can impact our ability to achieve our target objectives within the planned time and budgetary constraints. Subject to these caveats, our objective is to complete our planned Phase IIa study for PRP within the proposed timeline. We primarily outsource services, skills and expertise to third parties as required to achieve our scientific and corporate objectives. As the business grows and gains more personnel, outsourcing will continue to be the preferred model, where fixed and variable costs are carefully managed on a project-by-project basis. This means our R&D activities are carried out by third parties. Additional third parties with specific expertise in research, compound screening and manufacturing (including raw material suppliers) have been contracted as required. Corporate Strategy Our initial focus is to organize, coordinate and finance the various parts of our drug development pipeline. We intend to carefully introduce new personnel into our Company over time as our R&D activities expand. We plan for such personnel to have specific expertise in product development, manufacture and formulation, regulatory affairs, toxicology, clinical operations and business development (including intellectual property management, licensing and other corporate activities). Additional clinical management and development expertise will likely be required at the outset to assist with the development of PRP. Therefore, we anticipate hiring additional employees in order to effectively manage our contractors as our development activities progress. This outsourcing strategy is common in the biotechnology sector and is an efficient way to obtain access to the necessary skills required to progress a project, in particular as the required skills change as the project progresses from discovery, through manufacturing and non-clinical development and into clinical trials. We anticipate that we will continue to use this model, thereby retaining the flexibility to contract in the appropriate resource as and when required. We intend to seek and identify potential licensing partners for our product candidates as they progress through the various development stages, reaching certain milestones and value inflection points. If a suitable licensee is identified, a potential licensing deal could consist of payments for certain milestones, plus royalties from future sales if the product is able to receive approval from the relevant regulatory authorities where future product sales are targeted. We intend to seek and identify potential licensees based on the initial efficacy data from Phase II clinical trials. To accomplish this objective, we have commenced discussions with potential partners in our current preclinical phase of development. 13 As part of our overall expansion strategy, from time to time, we investigate potential intellectual property acquisition opportunities to expand our product portfolio. While our initial focus is on the development of PRP as our lead product candidate, other potential product candidates may also be considered for future preclinical and clinical development. These potential opportunities have arisen from other research and development organizations, which either own existing intellectual property or are currently developing new intellectual property, which may be of interest to us. These opportunities are possible new cancer treatments that are potentially less toxic than existing treatment approaches and are able to fill an existing gap in the treatment process, such as a systemic de-bulking method which could reduce the size and threat of metastases to a more manageable level for late-stage cancer patients. We believe these potential treatment approaches will be complementary to existing treatment regimens and PRP. No formal approaches regarding such other products have currently been made and it is unknown whether we will engage in any such discussion in the near future. However, as we further develop PRP within the development pathway, we intend to assess future opportunities that may arise to use the expertise of our management and scientific personnel for future prospective R&D projects. Current Operations We are at a pre-revenue stage. We do not know when, if ever, we will be able to commercialize any of our products and to begin to generate revenue. We are focusing our efforts on organizing, coordinating and financing the various aspects of our drug R&D program described herein. In order to commercialize any of our products, we must complete preclinical development, Phase Ib, IIa and IIb clinical trials in Europe, the U.S., UK, Australia or elsewhere, and satisfy the applicable regulatory authority that PRP is safe and effective. If the results from Phase II trials are convincing, we will seek conditional approval from the applicable regulatory authorities sooner. From the time we commence clinical trials for any product, we estimate it will take approximately three to four years if we seek conditional approval upon completion of Phase II trials. When we advance our development projects sufficiently down the development pathway and achieve a major increase in value, such as obtaining interim efficacy data from Phase II clinical trials, we will seek a suitable licensing partner to complete the remaining development activities, obtain regulatory approval and market the product. Market Opportunity The global metastatic cancer treatment market is predicted to reach $111 billion by 2027, according to a January 2022 report by Emergen Research. Demand for new cancer products can largely be attributed to a combination of a rapidly aging population in western countries and changing environmental factors, which together are resulting in rising cancer incidence rates. Worldwide, the World Health Organization estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10 million cancer deaths occurred in 2020. As such, global demand for new cancer treatments which are effective, safe and easy to administer is rapidly increasing. Our treatment will potentially target many aggressive tumor types for which little or few treatment options exist. We plan to target patients with solid tumors, most likely pancreatic and ovarian tumors, for whom other treatment options have been exhausted. Globally these cancers resulted in over 673,255 deaths combined in 2020, according to the World Health Organization. With such a high mortality rate, a substantial unmet medical need exists for new treatments. Once the efficacy and safety of PRP has been demonstrated in late-stage patient populations, we plan to undertake exploration of the utility of the drug in earlier stage disease, together with investigation of the drug’s utility in other types of cancer. 14 Anticipated Market Potential It is difficult to estimate the size of the market opportunity for this specific type of product as a clinically proven, pro-enzyme formulated suppository marketed to oncologists across global territories for specific cancer indications, to the best of management’s knowledge, has not been previously available. However, the markets for potential market for pancreatic and ovarian cancers may be characterized as follows: ● The world market for pancreatic cancer drugs is projected to grow to $6.93 billion by the year 2030, according to Brainy Insights. Major players operating in the pancreatic cancer therapy market include Eli Lilly and Company, Roche Holding AG, Celgene Corporation, Amgen Inc., Novartis AG, Pharmacyte Biotech Inc., Clovis Oncology, Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., among others. For instance, in May 2018, Eli Lilly and Company acquired AMRO BioSciences, Inc., which is engaged into number of drugs for cancer. developments performed by the companies are helping the market to grow in the coming years. ● The global market for ovarian cancer drugs expected to reach $13.9 billion by 2029, according to iHealthcareAnalyst. This will be driven by continued uptake and expected launches of the approved PARP (poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase) inhibitors. Major competitors operating in the global ovarian cancer treatment market include AbbVie Inc., AstraZeneca PLC (Acerta Pharma), Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., GSK plc (formerly, GlaxoSmithKline plc (Tesaro)), Gradalis, Inc., Incyte Corporation, MacroGenics, Inc., Oncotelic Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly, Mateon Therapeutics, Inc.), Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis AG, Kazia Therapeutics Limited (formerly, Novogen Limited), Vivesto AB (formerly, Oasmia Pharmaceutical AB), Pfizer Inc., Pharma Mar S.A., and Roche Holding AG. New products can be defined as addition-in-class, advance-in-class, or first-in-class, depending on their degree of innovation. Addition-in-class products, defined as new APIs with established mechanisms of action, are often clinically important and highly commercially successful. Advance-in-class product innovation, defined as significantly differentiated and innovative new APIs, albeit with established mechanisms of action, remains a highly attractive strategy. However, first-in-class innovation, defined as products with a molecular target and/or mechanism of action not found in any approved products globally, remains the key product development strategy in terms of providing the greatest degree of differentiation, extending to a first-mover advantage and potentially the capture of significant market share. Based on the current situation for these two markets, we believe there is an attractive opportunity in both the pancreatic and ovarian cancer market sectors for the introduction of PRP as a first-in-class, clinically proven product which can achieve new benefits for patients in terms of survival and quality of life. The current concentration of products suggests oncologists may be willing to try newly approved products, particularly if they can exhibit a favorable safety profile, although substantive R&D activities will be necessary to both obtain regulatory approval, and to generate the clinical safety and efficacy data needed to convince clinicians to use a new product. License Agreements University of Bath Commercialization Agreement We previously sponsored a collaborative research project at the University of Bath to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the potential clinical approach of our proprietary proenzyme formulation. As a result of this undertaking, we entered into a Commercialization Agreement with the University of Bath, dated November 12, 2009 (the “Commercialization Agreement”), where, initially, we held an exclusive license with the University of Bath, and where we and University of Bath co-owned the intellectual property relating to our proenzyme formulations. The Commercialization Agreement originally provided for University of Bath to assign the Patents (as defined therein) to Propanc in certain specified circumstances, such as successful completion of a clinical trial and commencement of a Phase II (proof of concept) clinical trial. 15 On June 14, 2012, we and the University of Bath agreed to an earlier assignment to us of the patents pursuant to an Assignment and Amendment Deed, on the provision that the University of Bath retains certain rights arising from the Commercialization Agreement, as follows: ● The University of Bath reserves for itself (and its employees and students and permitted academic sub-licensees with respect to research use) the non-exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty free right to use the patents for research use; ● The publication rights of the University of Bath specified in the contract relating to the original research made between the parties with an effective date of July 18, 2008 will continue in force; ● We agreed to pay to the University of Bath a royalty of two percent of any and all net revenues; ● We agreed to use all reasonable endeavors to develop and commercially exploit the patents for the mutual benefit of us and the University of Bath to the maximum extent throughout the covered territory and in any additional territory and to obtain, maintain and/or renew any licenses or authorizations that are necessary to enable such development and commercial exploitation. Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, we agreed to comply with all relevant regulatory requirements in respect of our sponsoring and/or performing clinical trials in humans involving the administration of a product or materials within a claim of the patents; and ● We agreed to take out with a reputable insurance company and maintain liability insurance coverage prior to the first human trials. In consideration of such assignment, we agreed to pay royalties of two percent of net revenues to the University of Bath. Additionally, we agreed to pay five percent of each and every license agreement subscribed for. The contract is cancellable at any time by either party. To date, no amounts are owed under the agreement. University of Jaén Collaboration Agreement We have established a collaboration with the University of Jaén to carry out a research project aimed at the synthetic development of PRP and its subsequent validation. The University of Jaén is providing scientific research activities the Department of Health Sciences, which provides the necessary technical and human resources in order to carry out the programmed works. A Collaboration Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”), dated October 1, 2020, was entered into with the main objective for the synthetic development of PRP and its subsequent validation. Pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement, a pre-clinical protocol of safety evaluation was established relating to the antitumor efficacy on cancer stem cells and in orthotopic xenotransplantations derived from cancer stem cells isolated from tumor cell lines, and newly developed synthetic formulation based on the two pancreatic zymogens. The ownership of potential intellectual property rights that may arise as a result of the knowledge obtained through such research project will belong to us. In consideration for payment of the compensation, the University of Jaén assigned and agreed to do all things reasonably required to assign to the contracting entity all industrial property rights arising from such research project. In return for ownership of the industrial property rights arising from such research project, we agreed to pay the University of Jaén two percent of the net sales of any products sold by the contracting entity which fall within the scope of the protection of such industrial property rights. A second collaborative research project commenced on July 27, 2022, with the universities of Jaén and Granada investigating the effect of pancreatic proenzymes against the tumor microenvironment and premetastatic niche. The specific tasks developed under this collaboration focuses on the effects of PRP on cancer associated fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment. Consistent with existing rights, Propanc will own any intellectual property developed. The personnel of the investigation team of the universities of Jaén and Granada whose work has contributed to the creation of knowledge that give rise to industrial property rights should be listed as inventors. Further, Professor Macarena Perán from the University of Jaén and Professor Marchal from the University of Granada will receive one percent of the net revenue to us from sales of any products sold by us, or on our behalf, which fall within the scope of protection of such industrial property rights. The commencement date for the experiments was September 1, 2022, and the estimated length of time for completion was 24 months. Future Agreements We continue to learn the properties of proenzymes with the long-term aim of screening new compounds for development. We anticipate engaging in future discussions with several technology companies who are progressing new developments in the oncology field as potential additions to our product line. Initially targeting the oncology sector, our focus is to identify and develop novel treatments that are highly effective targeted therapies, with few side effects as a result of toxicity to healthy cells. 16 Intellectual Property The Company has filed multiple patent applications relating to PRP. The Company’s lead patent application has been granted and remains in force in the U.S., Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Turkey, the UK, Australia, China, Japan, Indonesia, Israel, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Mexico, the Republic of Korea, India, Brazil and Canada. In 2016 and early 2017, we filed three applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (the “PCT”). The PCT assists applicants in seeking patent protection by filing one international patent application under the PCT; thus, applicants can simultaneously seek protection for an invention in over 150 countries. Once filed, the application is placed under the control of the national or regional patent offices, as applicable, in what is called the national phase. One of the PCT applications filed in November 2016 entered national phase in July 2018 and another PCT application entered national phase in August 2018. A third PCT application entered national phase in October 2018. As of September 25, 2024, we have 84 granted, allowed, or accepted patents and 6 patent applications filed, or under examination in key global jurisdictions, relating to the use of proenzymes against solid tumors, covering PRP. Further patent applications are expected to be filed to capture and protect additional patentable subject matter based on the Company’s field of technology relating to pharmaceutical compositions of proenzymes for treating cancer. Regulatory Matters United States Government oversight of the pharmaceutical industry is usually classified into pre-approval and post-approval categories. Most of the therapeutically significant innovative products marketed today are the subject of New Drug Applications (“NDA”). Preapproval activities, based on these detailed applications, are used to assure the product is safe and effective before marketing. In the United States, The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (“CDER”), is the FDA organization responsible for over-the-counter and prescription drugs, including most biological therapeutics, and generic drugs. Before approval, the FDA may inspect and audit the development facilities, planned production facilities, clinical trials, institutional review boards and laboratory facilities in which the product was tested in animals. After the product is approved and marketed, the FDA uses different mechanisms for assuring that firms adhere to the terms and conditions of approval described in the application and that the product is manufactured in a consistent and controlled manner. This is done by periodic unannounced inspections of production and quality control facilities by FDA’s field investigators and analysts. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and Public Health Service Act Prescription drug and biologic products are subject to extensive pre- and post-market regulation by the FDA, including regulations that govern the testing, manufacturing, safety, efficacy, labelling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of such products under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Public Health Service Act, and their implementing regulations. The process of obtaining FDA approval and achieving and maintaining compliance with applicable laws and regulations requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirements may result in refusal to approve pending applications, a clinical hold, warning letters, civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of the product from the market. FDA approval is required before any new drug or biologic, including a new use of a previously approved drug, can be marketed in the United States. All applications for FDA approval must contain, among other things, information relating to safety and efficacy, stability, manufacturing, processing, packaging, labelling and quality control. 17 New Drug Applications (“NDAs”) The FDA’s NDA approval process generally involves: ● completion of preclinical laboratory and animal testing in compliance with the FDA’s good laboratory practice, or GLP, regulations; ● submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug (“IND”) application for human clinical testing, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin in the United States; ● performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety, purity and potency of the proposed product for each intended use; ● satisfactory completion of an FDA pre-approval inspection of the facility or facilities at which the product is manufactured to assess compliance with the FDA’s “current good manufacturing practice” (“CGMP”) regulations; and ● submission to and approval by the FDA of an NDA. The preclinical and clinical testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot guarantee that any approvals for our product candidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all. Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluation of toxicity and immunogenicity in animals. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND application to the FDA. The IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA raises concerns or questions about the conduct of the clinical trial, including concerns that human research subjects will be exposed to unreasonable health risks. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before clinical trials can begin. Our submission of an IND may not result in FDA authorization to commence clinical trials. A separate submission to an existing IND must also be made for each successive clinical trial conducted during product development. Further, an independent institutional review board (“IRB”) covering each medical center proposing to conduct clinical trials must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center and it must monitor the study until completed. The FDA, the IRB or the sponsor may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Clinical testing also must satisfy extensive “good clinical practice” (“GCP”) regulations, which include requirements that all research subjects provide informed consent and that all clinical studies be conducted under the supervision of one or more qualified investigators. For purposes of an NDA submission and approval, human clinical trials are typically conducted in the following sequential phases, which may overlap: ● Phase I: Initially conducted in a limited population to test the product candidate for safety and dose tolerance; ● Phase II: Generally conducted in a limited patient population to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to determine the initial efficacy of the product for specific targeted indications and to determine optimal dosage. A Phase IIa trial is a non-pivotal, exploratory study that assesses biological activity as its primary endpoint. A Phase IIb trial is designed as a definite dose finding study with efficacy as the primary endpoint. Multiple Phase II clinical trials may be conducted by the sponsor to obtain information prior to beginning larger and more extensive Phase III clinical trials; ● Phase III: Commonly referred to as pivotal studies. When Phase II evaluations demonstrate that a dose range of the product is effective and has an acceptable safety profile, Phase III clinical trials are undertaken in large patient populations to further evaluate dosage, to provide substantial evidence of clinical efficacy and to further test for safety in an expanded and diverse patient population at multiple, geographically-dispersed clinical trial sites. Generally, replicate evidence of safety and effectiveness needs to be demonstrated in two adequate and well-controlled Phase III clinical trials of a product candidate for a specific indication. These studies are intended to establish the overall risk/benefit ratio of the product and provide adequate basis for product labelling; and ● Phase IV: In some cases, the FDA may condition approval of an NDA on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct additional clinical trials to further assess the product’s safety, purity and potency after NDA approval. Such post-approval trials are typically referred to as Phase IV clinical trials. 18 Progress reports detailing the results of the clinical studies must be submitted at least annually to the FDA and safety reports must be submitted to the FDA and the investigators for serious and unexpected adverse events. Concurrent with clinical studies, sponsors usually complete additional animal studies and must also develop additional information about the product and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in commercial quantities in accordance with CGMP requirements. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the product candidate and, among other things, the manufacturer must develop methods for testing the identity, strength, quality and purity of the final product. Moreover, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that the product candidate does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. The results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials, along with the aforementioned manufacturing information, are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA. NDAs must also contain extensive manufacturing information. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, the FDA agrees to specific goals for NDA review time through a two-tiered classification system, Standard Review and Priority Review. Standard Review is applied to products that offer at most, only minor improvement over existing marketed therapies. Standard Review NDAs have a goal of being completed within a ten-month timeframe, although a review can take significantly longer. A Priority Review designation is given to products that offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A Priority Review takes the FDA six months to review an NDA. It is likely that our product candidates will be granted Standard Reviews. The review process is often significantly extended by FDA requests for additional information or clarification. The FDA may refer the application to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it generally follows such recommendations. The FDA may deny approval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied, or it may require additional clinical data or additional pivotal Phase III clinical trials. Even if such data is submitted, the FDA may ultimately decide that the NDA does not satisfy the criteria for approval. Data from clinical trials is not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret data differently than we do. Once issued, product approval may be withdrawn by the FDA if ongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety problems occur after the product reaches the market. In addition, the FDA may require testing, including Phase IV clinical trials, risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, and surveillance programs to monitor the effect of approved products that have been commercialized, and the FDA has the power to prevent or limit further marketing of a product based on the results of these post-marketing programs. Products may be marketed only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. Further, if there are any modifications to the drug, including changes in indications, labelling or manufacturing processes or facilities, approval of a new or supplemental NDA may be required, which may involve conducting additional preclinical studies and clinical trials. Other U.S. Regulatory Requirements After approval, products are subject to extensive continuing regulation by the FDA, which include company obligations to manufacture products in accordance with GMP, maintain and provide to the FDA updated safety and efficacy information, report adverse experiences with the product, keep certain records, submit periodic reports, obtain FDA approval of certain manufacturing or labeling changes and comply with FDA promotion and advertising requirements and restrictions. Failure to meet these obligations can result in various adverse consequences, both voluntary and FDA-imposed, including product recalls, withdrawal of approval, restrictions on marketing and the imposition of civil fines and criminal penalties. In addition, later discovery of previously unknown safety or efficacy issues may result in restrictions on the product, manufacturer or NDA holder. Propanc, and any manufacturers of our products, are required to comply with applicable FDA manufacturing requirements contained in the FDA’s GMP regulations. GMP regulations require, among other things, quality control and quality assurance as well as the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. The manufacturing facilities for our products must meet GMP requirements to the satisfaction of the FDA pursuant to a pre-approval inspection before Propanc can use them to manufacture products. Propanc and any third-party manufacturers are also subject to periodic inspections of facilities by the FDA and other authorities, including procedures and operations used in the testing and manufacture of our products to assess our compliance with applicable regulations. 19 With respect to post-market product advertising and promotion, the FDA imposes complex regulations on entities that advertise and promote pharmaceuticals, which include, among others, standards for direct-to-consumer advertising, promoting products for uses or in patient populations that are not described in the product’s approved labeling (known as “off-label use”), industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities and promotional activities involving the Internet. Failure to comply with FDA requirements can have negative consequences, including adverse publicity, enforcement letters from the FDA, mandated corrective advertising or communications with doctors and civil or criminal penalties. Although physicians may prescribe legally available drugs for off-label uses, manufacturers may not market or promote such off-label uses. Changes to some of the conditions established in an approved application, including changes in indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes or facilities, require submission and FDA approval of a new NDA or NDA supplement before the change can be implemented. An NDA supplement for a new indication typically requires clinical data similar to that in the original application, and the FDA uses the same procedures and actions in reviewing NDA supplements as it does in reviewing an NDA. Adverse event reporting and submission of periodic reports is required following FDA approval of an NDA. The FDA also may require post-marketing testing, known as Phase IV testing, risk mitigation strategies and surveillance to monitor the effects of an approved product or to place conditions on an approval that could restrict the distribution or use of the product. In June 2017, we were notified by the FDA that PRP had been granted orphan drug designation for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Orphan drug designation may be granted by the FDA when a rare disease or condition is implicated and a potential treatment qualifies under the Orphan Drug Act and applicable FDA regulations. This qualifies us for various developmental incentives, including protocol assistance, the potential for research grants, the waiver of future application fees, and tax credits for clinical testing if we choose to host future clinical trials in the United States. In October 2017, we submitted a request for a second orphan drug designation for PRP, this time for ovarian cancer. On November 2, 2017, we were notified by the FDA that our request was not granted. The Office of Orphan Products Development (“OOPD”) stated that complete prevalence is used as a measure of disease in ovarian cancer, as this reflects the number of women who have been diagnosed with disease and may be eligible for treatment with the proposed therapy. Therefore, on the date of the submission of our application, the OOPD estimated that the prevalence of ovarian cancer was 228,110 cases. Since the prevalence exceeds the threshold of 200,000 to qualify for orphan drug designation, they could not grant our request. We may consider resubmitting our application if we can identify a suitable sub-population in ovarian cancer, which may meet the target threshold. European Union In addition to regulations in the United States, we will be subject to a variety of foreign regulations governing clinical trials, commercial sales and distribution of our products if we conduct trials for, and market and sell our products, abroad. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product, we must obtain approval of a product by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before we can commence clinical trials or market our product in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country and the time may differ than that required for FDA approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country. Despite these differences, the clinical trials will be conducted according to international standards, such as GCP, GMP and GLP, which is recognized by each foreign country under the International Conference of Harmonization Guidelines. We plan to conduct our trials in each foreign jurisdiction according to these standards, undertaking a FIH Phase Ib study in patients with advanced solid tumors, evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor efficacy of PRP. This will be followed by two Phase II studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of PRP. To ensure harmonization between the jurisdictions, we intend to conduct regulatory meetings in the country in which trials are conducted, as well as with the FDA and the EMA. A pre-IND meeting will be held with the FDA once initial patient data has been collected from the FIH study to ensure acceptability of future planned Phase II trials. Under European Union regulatory systems, we must submit and obtain authorization for a CTA in each member state in which we intend to conduct a clinical trial. After we have completed clinical trials, we must obtain marketing authorization before we can market its product. We must submit applications for marketing authorizations for oncology products under a centralized procedure. The centralized procedure provides for the grant of a single marketing authorization that is valid for all European Union member states. The EMA is the agency responsible for the scientific evaluation of medicines that are to be assessed via the centralized procedure. 20 On June 23, 2016, the UK government held a referendum to gauge voters’ support to remain or leave the European Union. The referendum resulted in 51.9% of UK voters in favor of leaving the European Union, commonly referred to as “Brexit.” On March 29, 2017, the UK invoked Article 50 of Lisbon Treaty to initiate complete withdrawal from the European Union, which was effectuated on January 31, 2020. The center for the EMA was based in London, but the European Union has relocated the center to The Netherlands. Australia In Australia, the relevant regulatory body responsible for the pharmaceutical industry is the Therapeutics Goods Administration (the “TGA”). Prescription medicines are regulated under the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989. Under the Therapeutic Goods Act, the TGA evaluates new products for quality, safety and efficacy before being approved for market authorization, according to similar standards employed by the FDA and EMA in the United States and European Union, respectively. However, receiving market authorization in one or two regions does not guarantee approval in another. Third-Party Payor Coverage and Reimbursement Although none of our product candidates has been commercialized for any indication, if they are approved for marketing, commercial success of our product candidates will depend, in part, upon the availability of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors at the federal, state and private levels. In addition, in many countries outside the United States, a drug must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved for sale in that country. Eligibility for reimbursement does not imply that any drug will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers our costs, including research, development, manufacture, sale and distribution. Interim reimbursement levels for new drugs, if applicable, may also not be sufficient to cover costs and may not be made permanent. Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use of the drug and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on reimbursement levels already set for lower cost drugs and may be incorporated into existing payments for other services. Net prices for drugs may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payors and by any future relaxation of laws that presently restrict imports of drugs from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the United States. Third-party payors often rely upon Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement policies. In many countries outside the United States, a drug must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved for sale in that country. Approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions, and approval by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other foreign countries or by the FDA. The foreign regulatory approval process may include all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval. We may not obtain foreign regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all. We may not be able to file for regulatory approvals and may not receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in any foreign market. The regulations that govern marketing approvals, pricing and reimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. In the United States, recently passed legislation may significantly change the approval requirements in ways that could involve additional costs and cause delays in obtaining approvals. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. In many countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some foreign markets, prescription pharmaceutical pricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. Government authorities and third-party payors, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations, decide which medications they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels. A primary trend in the U.S. healthcare industry and elsewhere is cost containment. Government authorities and third-party payors have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. Increasingly, third-party payors are requiring that drug companies provide them with predetermined discounts from list prices and are challenging the prices charged for medical products. 21 Other Regulations We are also subject to numerous federal, state, and local laws relating to such matters as safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, environmental protection, fire hazard control, and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances. We may incur significant costs to comply with such laws and regulations now or in the future. Competition The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are characterized by continuing technological advancement and significant competition. While we believe that our technology platforms, product candidates, know-how, experience and scientific resources provide us with competitive advantages, we face competition from major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, governmental agencies and public and private research institutions, among others. Any product candidates that we successfully develop and commercialize will compete with existing therapies and new therapies that may become available in the future. Key product features that would affect our ability to effectively compete with other therapeutics include the efficacy, safety and convenience of our products. The level of generic competition and the availability of reimbursement from government and other third-party payers will also significantly impact the pricing and competitiveness of our products. Our competitors also may obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for their products more rapidly than we may obtain approval for ours, which could result in our competitors establishing a strong market position before we are able to enter the market. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in R&D, manufacturing, preclinical testing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing approved products than we do. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. These competitors also compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel and establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs. Employees As of September 25, 2024, we have one full-time and one part-time employee. In addition to our employees, we engage key consultants and utilize the services of independent contractors to perform various services on our behalf. Some of our executive officers and directors are engaged in outside business activities that we do not believe conflict with our business. Over time, we may be required to hire additional employees or engage independent contractors to execute various projects that are necessary to grow and develop our business. These decisions will be made by our officers and directors, if and when appropriate. Corporate Information Propanc is based in Camberwell, Victoria, Australia. Since its inception, substantially all of the operations of the Company have been focused on the development of new cancer treatments targeting high-risk patients, particularly cancer survivors, who need a follow-up, non-toxic, long-term therapy designed to prevent the cancer from returning and spreading. The Company anticipates establishing global markets for its technologies. PRP is an enhanced pro-enzyme formulation designed to enhance the anti-cancer effects of multiple enzymes acting synergistically. It is currently in the preclinical phase of development. The Company was originally formed in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on October 15, 2007 as Propanc PTY LTD. On November 23, 2010, Propanc Health Group Corporation was incorporated in the State of Delaware, and in January 2011, to reorganize the Company, all of the outstanding shares of Propanc PTY LTD were acquired on a one-for-one basis by Propanc Health Group Corporation, with Propanc PTY LTD becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. On July 22, 2016, the Company formed another wholly-owned subsidiary, Propanc (UK) Limited under the laws of England and Wales for the purpose of submitting an orphan drug application to the European Medicines Agency (the “EMA”) as a small and medium-sized enterprise. As of the date of this prospectus, there has been no activity within this entity. 22 Effective April 20, 2017, the Company changed its name to “Propanc Biopharma, Inc.” to reflect the Company’s stage of operations and development better. Our principal executive office is located at 302, 6 Butler Street, Camberwell, VIC, 3124 Australia. Our telephone number is 61 03 9882 0780. Our website is www.propanc.com. Available Information Copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other documents that we will file with or furnish to the SEC will be available free of charge by sending a written request to our Corporate Secretary at our corporate headquarters. Our filings with the SEC are available to the public through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. We maintain a corporate website at www.propanc.com. You will be able to access our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, proxy statements and other information to be filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material will be electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS We are not required to provide this information as we are a smaller reporting company. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. None. Item 2. Properties. Our principal executive office is located at 302, 6 Butler Street, Camberwell, VIC, 3124 Australia, which we lease from Horizon Pty Ltd., a related party, of which Mr. Nathanielsz, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and a director, and his wife are owners and directors. On May 4, 2022, the Company entered into a three-year lease agreement with North Horizon Pty Ltd. for a monthly rent of $3,000 AUD or $2,176 USD (depending on exchange rate) per month plus taxes. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. We are not currently involved in any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. There is no action, suit, or proceeding by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of our Company or our subsidiary, threatened against or affecting our Company, our Common Stock, our subsidiary or of our companies or our subsidiary’s officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect. IRS Liability As part of its requirement for having a foreign operating subsidiary, the Company’s parent U.S. entity is required to file an informational Form 5471 to the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), which is a form that explains the nature of the relationship between the foreign subsidiary and the parent company. From 2012 through the 2014, the Company did not file this form in a timely manner. As a result of the non-timely filings, the Company incurred a penalty from the IRS in the amount of $10,000 per year, or $30,000 in total, plus accrued interest, such penalty and interest having been accrued and is included in the accrued expenses and other payable figure in the June 30, 2024 and 2023 consolidated balance sheets. The Company recorded the penalties for all three years during the year ended June 30, 2018. The Company is current on all subsequent filings. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable. 23 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Market Information Our Common Stock is quoted under the ticker symbol “PPCB” on the OTC Pink. On September 25, 2024, the last reported sales price per share of our Common Stock on the OTC Pink was $0.0003. Security Holders As of September 25, 2024 we had 81 record holders of our Common Stock. Dividends We have not paid any cash dividends to our stockholders. The declaration of any future cash dividends is at the discretion of our Board and depends upon our earnings, if any, our capital requirements and financial position, and general economic conditions. It is our present intention not to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future, but rather to reinvest earnings, if any, in our business operations. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities Issuance of Shares of Common Stock upon Conversion From April 1, 2024 through June 30, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 353,327,677 shares of its common stock at an average contractual conversion price of $0.001 as a result of the conversion of principal of $180,240, interest of $9,608 and conversion fees $1,597 underlying certain outstanding convertible notes converted during such period. Other On April 12, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with an investor pursuant to which the investor purchased a convertible promissory note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $27,500, such principal and the interest thereon convertible into shares of Common Stock at the option of the investor at any time. On June 20, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with an investor pursuant to which the investor purchased a convertible promissory note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $33,750, such principal and the interest thereon convertible into shares of Common Stock at the option of the investor at any time. Except as otherwise noted, the securities in the transactions described above were sold in reliance on the exemption from registration provided in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act for transactions not involving any public offering. Each of the persons acquiring the foregoing securities was an accredited investor (as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D) and confirmed the foregoing and acknowledged, in writing, that the securities must be acquired and held for investment. All certificates evidencing the shares sold bore a restrictive legend. No underwriter participated in the offer and sale of these securities, and no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly or indirectly in connection therewith. The proceeds from these sales were used for general corporate purposes. 24 Item 6. [Reserved] Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our business and results of operations in conjunction with the information set forth in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing under Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our discussion includes forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors. See “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As used herein, references to the “Company,” “Propanc,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Propanc Biopharma, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary, unless otherwise indicated. U.S. Dollars are denoted herein by “USD,” “$” and “dollars”. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the information included under “Business,” “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion and analysis below are based on comparisons between our historical financial data for different periods and include certain forward-looking statements about our business, operations, and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors described in “Risk Factors.” Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, those forward-looking statements. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” We caution that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive, and new factors may emerge, or changes to the foregoing factors may occur, that could impact our business. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise these statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by the federal securities laws. Certain information contained in this discussion and elsewhere in this prospectus may include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and is subject to the safe harbor created by that act. The safe harbor created by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act will not apply to certain “forward looking statements” because we issued “penny stock” (as defined in Section 3(a)(51) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 3(a)(51-1) under the Exchange Act) during the three year period preceding the date(s) on which those forward looking statements were first made, except to the extent otherwise specifically provided by rule, regulation or order of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). We caution readers that certain important factors may affect our actual results and could cause such results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements which may be deemed to have been made in this prospectus or which are otherwise made by or on our behalf. For this purpose, any statements contained in this prospectus that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “explore,” “consider,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” “plan,” or “propose” or the negative variations of those words or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Factors that may affect our results include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties associated with: ● Our ability to raise capital necessary to sustain our anticipated operations and implement our business plan; ● Our ability to implement our business plan; ● Our ability to generate sufficient cash to survive; ● The degree and nature of our competition; ● The lack of diversification of our business plan; ● The general volatility of the capital markets and the establishment of a market for our shares; and ● Disruption in the economic and financial conditions primarily from the impact of past terrorist attacks in the United States, threats of future attacks, police, and military activities overseas and other disruptive worldwide political and economic events and environmental weather conditions. We are also subject to other risks detailed from time to time in our other filings with the SEC and elsewhere in this prospectus. Any one or more of these uncertainties, risks and other influences could materially affect our results of operations and whether forward-looking statements made by us ultimately prove to be accurate. Our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether from new information, future events or otherwise. We are also subject to other risks detailed from time to time in our other filings with SEC and elsewhere in this prospectus. Any one or more of these uncertainties, risks and other influences could materially affect our results of operations and whether forward-looking statements made by us ultimately prove to be accurate. Our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether from new information, future events or otherwise. Overview The Company was originally formed in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on October 15, 2007 as Propanc PTY LTD. On November 23, 2010, Propanc Health Group Corporation was incorporated in the State of Delaware and in January 2011, to reorganize our Company, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Propanc PTY LTD on a one-for-one basis, whereby Propanc PTY LTD became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Effective April 20, 2017, we changed our name to “Propanc Biopharma, Inc.” to better reflect our current stage of operations and development. We are a development-stage healthcare company that is currently focused on developing new cancer treatments for patients suffering from pancreatic, ovarian and colorectal cancer. Utilizing our scientific and oncology consultants, we have developed a rational, composite formulation of anti-cancer compounds, which together exert a number of effects designed to control or prevent tumors from recurring and spreading through the body. Our lead product candidate, PRP, is a variation upon our novel formulation and involves pro-enzymes, the inactive precursors of enzymes. 25 Recent Developments On August 7, 2024, we received written consent in lieu of a meeting by the holders of a majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of August 7, 2024 and our Board of Directors approving such actions as are necessary for us to proceed to, and accordingly intends to, effectuate and execute a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratio somewhere between one post-split share per ten thousand pre-split shares (1:10,000) and one post-split share per one hundred thousand pre-split shares (1:100,000) (the “Reverse Stock Split”). Proportional adjustments for the Reverse Stock Split will be made to our outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans. We are awaiting the approval of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) for the market effectiveness of the Reverse Stock Split. Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Report. The results discussed below are of the Company and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Propanc PTY LTD. Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2023 Revenue For the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we generated no revenue because we are currently undertaking research and development activities for market approval and no sales were generated in this period. Administration Expense Administration expense decreased to $1,253,797 for the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to $1,499,885 for the year ended June 30, 2023. This decrease of approximately $246,000 is primarily attributable to a decrease of approximately $156,000 in general consulting, legal and investor relation fees and decrease in stock-based expenses of approximately $136,000, decrease of approximately $40,000 in employee remuneration expense and decrease in accounting fees of approximately $11,000 offset by increase in marketing expenses of approximately $91,000 and increase in other general and administrative expenses of approximately $5,000. Occupancy Expense Occupancy expenses increased to $34,150 for the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to $28,841 for the year ended June 30, 2023. This increase of approximately $5,000 is primarily attributable to exchange rate movements over the period when compared to the same period in 2023. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses were increased to $248,102 for the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to $247,919 for the year ended June 30, 2023, an increase in research and development expenses of approximately $180. Such research and development expenses are related to the two-year collaboration agreement with University of Jaén, which was executed in October 2020 to provide certain research services to the Company ending on October 2022, relating to the investigation of a fully synthetic recombinant version of PRP. Additionally, on July 27, 2022, the Company entered into another two-year research agreement with the University of Jaén to provide certain research and experiment services to the Company relating to the investigation of the effects of pancreatic proenzymes against the tumor microenvironment. Interest Expense Interest expense increased to $665,841 for the year ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $532,821 for the year ended June 30, 2023. Interest expense is primarily comprised of approximately $574,000 of debt discount amortization and accretion of put premium and $79,000 of interest expense from accrual of interest expense and other financing fees for the year ended June 30, 2024. This increase in interest expense of approximately $133,000 is primarily attributable to the increase in amortization of debt discount of approximately $91,000 and increase of approximately $47,000 in accretion of put. Derivative Expense Derivative expense were increased to $141,012 for the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to $0 for the year ended June 30, 2023. This increase is primarily attributable to the issuance of convertible notes in August 2023, October 2023 and April 2024 to GS Capital which initial value was bifurcated from the embedded conversion option and was recorded as derivative expense. Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities Change in fair value of derivative liabilities were increased to a gain of $316,537 for the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to a loss of $(530,330) for the year ended June 30, 2023. This increase in gain of approximately $847,000 is primarily attributable to the decrease in fair value of the principal amount of convertible notes with bifurcated embedded conversion option derivatives as a result of the decrease in stock prices during the year ended June 30, 2024. 26 Gain from Settlement of accounts payable Gain from settlement of accounts payable was $0 for the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to $17,499 for the year ended June 30, 2023. On August 16, 2022, the Company and a third-party investor relations consultant agreed to settle an outstanding payable of $23,050 in exchange for 2,305,000 warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock at $0.01 per share with an expiry date of August 16, 2025 and fair market value of $5,551. Accordingly, the Company recognized gain from settlement of accounts payable of $17,499 during the year ended June 30, 2023. Gain on Extinguishment of Debt, net During the year ended June 30, 2024, convertible notes with principal aggregate amount of convertible notes of $130,800, accrued interest of $8,700 and conversion fees of $3,832 containing bifurcated embedded conversion option derivatives were converted into common stock. Accordingly, the fair market value of the shares issued upon conversion was $352,565, resulting in a loss on extinguishment at the time of conversion of $209,233 and $263,798 of derivative liability fair value was recorded as a gain on extinguishment at the time of conversion, resulting in a net gain of $54,565 which is included in gain on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended June 30, 2023, the principal aggregate amount of convertible notes of $168,200, accrued interest of $16,632 and conversion fees of $1,838 containing bifurcated embedded conversion option derivatives were converted into common stock. Accordingly, the fair market value of the shares issued upon conversion was $556,272, resulting in a loss on extinguishment at the time of conversion of $369,602 and $352,051 of derivative liability fair value was recorded as a gain on extinguishment at the time of conversion, resulting in a net loss of $17,551 which is included in gain on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, during the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized the remaining put premium of $43,520 related to a convertible note into gain on extinguishment of debt. The holder of such convertible note agreed to surrender all conversion rights in its currently held convertible notes due to violation of Section 15(a)(1) of the Exchange Act, which resulted in a net gain on extinguishment of debt of $25,969 for the year ended June 30, 2023. Foreign Currency Transaction Gain Foreign currency transaction gain increased to a gain of $22,080 for the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to a gain of $5,885 for the year ended June 30, 2023. This increase of approximately $16,000 is partially attributable to the increase in exchange rates during the year ended June 30, 2024. Net loss Net loss decreased to $1,820,528 for the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to a net loss of $2,660,566 for the year ended June 30, 2023. The change relates to the factors discussed above. Deemed dividend The Company recognized the value of the effect of a down round feature related to our Series A warrants when triggered. Upon the occurrence of the triggering event that resulted in a reduction of the strike price, the Company measured the value of the effect of the feature as the difference between the fair value of the warrants without the down round feature or before the strike price reduction and the fair value of the warrants with a strike price corresponding to the reduced strike price upon the down round feature being triggered. Accordingly, the Company recognized deemed dividend of $192,960 and $466,273 during the year ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with a corresponding reduction of income available to common stockholders upon the alternate cashless exercise of these warrants during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net loss available to common stockholders Net loss available to common stockholders decreased to $2,013,488 for the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to a net loss available to common stockholders of $3,126,839 for the year ended June 30, 2023. This decrease of approximately $1,067,000 is primarily attributable to the change relates to the factors discussed above. Liquidity and Capital Resources Current Financial Condition As of June 30, 2024, we had total assets of $72,365, comprised primarily of cash of $21,085, GST tax receivable of $2,950, prepaid expenses and other current assets of $1,406, deferred offering cost of $27,117, security deposit of $2,008, and operating lease ROU asset, net of $17,799. As compared to June 30, 2023, we had total assets of $60,328, comprised primarily of cash of $10,047, GST tax receivable of $2,867, prepaid expenses and other current assets of $6,125, property and equipment, net, of $302, operating lease ROU asset, net of $38,988, and security deposit of $1,999. We had current liabilities of $3,792,782, primarily comprised of net convertible debt of $399,325, accounts payable and accrued expenses of $2,100,137, employee benefit liability of $639,371, loans payable of $145,091, loans payable – related party of $71,629, note payable, net of $204,694 and embedded conversion option liabilities of $133,886 as of June 30, 2024. As compared to June 30, 2023, we had current liabilities of $3,158,229, primarily comprised of net convertible debt of $390,539, loans payable of $65,280, accounts payable and accrued expenses of $1,546,425, employee benefit liability of $587,618, and embedded conversion option liabilities of $423,209. We have funded our operations primarily through the issuance of equity and/or convertible securities for cash. The cash was used primarily for payments for research and development, administration expenses, occupancy expenses, professional fees, consultants and travel. During the year ended June 30, 2024 we received proceeds from issuance of note of $190,000, proceeds from issuance of convertible notes of $567,050, proceeds from sale of common stock of $23,057, and total proceeds from issuance of loans payable including from a related party of $304,696. 27 We have substantial capital resource requirements and have incurred significant losses since inception. As of June 30, 2024, we had $21,085 in cash. We depend upon debt and/or equity financing to fund our ongoing operations and to execute our current business plan. Such capital requirements are in excess of what we have in available cash and for which we currently have commitments. Therefore, we presently do not have enough available cash to meet our obligations over the next 12 months. If continued funding and capital resources are unavailable at reasonable terms, we may curtail our plan of operations. We will be required to obtain alternative or additional financing from financial institutions, investors or otherwise, in order to maintain and expand our existing operations. The failure by us to obtain such financing would have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations, and adversely affecting our ability to complete ongoing activities in connection with our research and development programs. Sources and Uses of Cash For the years ended June 30, 2024 2023 Net cash used in operating activities $ (935,118 ) $ (1,105,251 ) Net cash provided by financing activities $ 941,894 $ 1,113,719 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash $ 4,262 $ (2,488 ) Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities Net cash used in operating activities was $935,118, for the year ended June 30, 2024, due to our net loss of $1,820,528 offset primarily by non-cash charges of amortization of debt discount of $294,005, non-cash interest expense of $3,832, accretion of put premium of $279,711, derivative expense of $141,012, addback change in fair value of derivatives of $316,537, foreign currency transaction gain of $22,080, and gain from extinguishment of debt of $54,565. Net changes in operating assets and liabilities totaled $538,376, which is primarily attributable to increase accrued interest of $78,733, increase in accounts payable of $242,408, and increase in accrued expenses and other payables of $209,962. Net cash used in operating activities was $1,105,251 for the year ended June 30, 2023, due to our net loss of $2,660,566 offset primarily by non-cash charges of amortization of debt discount of $202,952, total stock-based compensation of $141,356, non-cash interest expense of $1,838, accretion of put premium of $232,674, change in fair value of derivatives of $530,330, foreign currency transaction gain of $5,885, and $25,969 gain on extinguishment of debt. Net changes in operating assets and liabilities totaled $472,587, which is primarily attributable to increase in accounts payable of $80,975, increase in accrued expenses and other payables of $130,511, employee benefit liability of $186,912, and accrued interest of $92,474. Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2024 were $941,894 as compared to $1,113,719 for the year ended June 30, 2023. During the year ended June 30, 2024 we received net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes of $567,050, proceeds from issuance of note of $190,000, total proceeds from issuance of loans including from a related party of $304,696, proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock of $23,057 offset by repayment of convertible note of $142,909. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023 was $1,113,719. During the year ended June 30, 2023 we received proceeds from the exercise of warrants of $475,000, proceeds from sale of common stock of $24,711, collections of subscription receivables of $23,758 and proceeds from issuance of convertible notes of $590,250. Effect of Exchange Rate The effect of the exchange rate on cash resulted in a $4,262 positive adjustment to cash flows in the year ended June 30, 2024 as compared to a $2,488 negative adjustment to cash flows in the year ended June 30, 2023. The reason for the fluctuation is due to the application of currency translation rates throughout the cash flow statement, the volume of transactions within each period and the daily fluctuation in exchange rates. Critical Accounting Estimates Below is a discussion of our more subjective accounting estimation processes for purposes of explaining (i) the methodology used in calculating the estimates, (ii) the inherent uncertainties pertaining to such estimates, and (iii) the possible effects of a significant variance in actual experience, from that of the estimate, on our financial condition. Estimates involve numerous assumptions that, if incorrect, could create a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. Reference is frequently made herein to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). This is the source of authoritative US GAAP recognized by the FASB to be applied to non-governmental entities. Each ASC reference in this filing is presented with a three-digit number, which represents its Topic. As necessary for explanation and as applicable, an ASC topic may be followed with a two-digit subtopic, a two-digit section or a two-or-three-digit paragraph. 28 Derivative Instruments: ASC 815, “ Derivatives and Hedging, ” establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and for hedging activities by requiring that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings. On the date of conversion, or payoff, of debt, we record the fair value of the conversion shares, remove the fair value of the related derivative liability, remove any discounts and record a net gain or loss on debt extinguishment. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Please see section captioned “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for a discussion of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements. Going Concern Qualification The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, the Company had no revenues, had a net loss of $1,820,528 and had net cash used in operations of $935,118. Additionally, as of June 30, 2024, the Company had a working capital deficit, stockholders’ deficit and accumulated deficit of $3,767,341, $3,779,059, and $66,698,220, respectively. Our independent registered public accounting firm has included a “Going Concern Qualification” in their audit report for each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. In addition, we have negative working capital and convertible debt that is past maturity that we are currently negotiating with lenders in order to amend the maturity dates. The foregoing raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months from the issue date of this report. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our ability to execute our strategy and on our ability to raise additional funds and/or to consummate a public offering. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through the issuance of equity and/or debt securities for cash to operate our business. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to us. Even if we are able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders, in case of equity and/or convertible debt financing. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The “Going Concern Qualification” might make it substantially more difficult to raise capital. Successful completion of the Company’s development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations are dependent upon future events, including obtaining adequate financing to fulfill its development activities, acceptance of the Company’s patent applications, obtaining additional sources of suitable and adequate financing and ultimately achieving a level of sales adequate to support the Company’s cost structure and business plan. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is also dependent on its ability to further develop and execute on its business plan. However, there can be no assurances that any or all of these endeavors will be successful. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. Not applicable to smaller reporting companies. 29 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The following consolidated financial statements of Propanc Biopharma, Inc. are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K: PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Years Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB Firm ID. 106 ) F-1 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 F-4 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7 30 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders’ and the Board of Directors of: Propanc Biopharma, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Propanc Biopharma, Inc. and Subsidiary (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows, for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Going Concern The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has a net loss of $1,820,528 and net cash used in operating activities of $935,118 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024. The Company has a working capital deficit, stockholder’s deficit, and accumulated deficit of $3,767,341, $3,779,059, and $66,698,220, respectively, at June 30, 2024. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s Plan regarding these matters is also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 2295 NW Corporate Blvd., Suite 240 ● Boca Raton, FL 33431-7326 Phone: (561) 995-8270 ● Toll Free: (866) CPA-8500 ● Fax: (561) 995-1920 www.salbergco.com • info@salbergco.com Member National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts ● Registered with the PCAOB Member CPAConnect with Affiliated Offices Worldwide ● Member AICPA Center for Audit Quality F- 1 Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. Derivative Liabilities As noted in Footnote 1 “Derivative Instruments” and as described in Footnote 12 “Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements” to the consolidated financial statements, the Company bifurcated embedded conversion features included in convertible debt instruments issued by the Company during the fiscal year that resulted primarily in an initial derivative expense and a gain from the change in fair value of these new and previously recorded derivatives of $141,012 and $316,537, respectively, in fiscal 2024, and derivative liabilities of $133,886 at June 30, 2024. We identified the evaluation of instruments and contracts to determine whether there are embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation from its debt host, the analysis of the accounting treatment and presentation for derivative transactions and the valuation of derivatives as critical audit matters. Auditing management’s analysis of the above critical audit matters was complex and involved a high degree of subjectivity. The primary procedures we performed to address these critical audit matters included (a) Reviewed and tested management’s conclusions as to whether certain instruments or contracts qualified for derivative treatment by comparing management’s analysis and conclusions to authoritative and interpretive literature, (b) Compared the accounting treatment and presentation to that described by the authoritative and interpretive literature, (c) Tested management’s process for valuing derivatives by comparing it to generally accepted methodologies for valuing derivatives, (d) Tested management’s valuation of the derivatives by testing assumptions and data used in the valuation model including the term, volatility and interest rate, and (e) Recomputed the derivative valuations. We agreed with management’s conclusions. /s/ Salberg & Company, P.A. SALBERG & COMPANY, P.A. We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011 Boca Raton, Florida September 30, 2024 F- 2 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash $ 21,085 $ 10,047 GST tax receivable 2,950 2,867 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,406 6,125 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 25,441 19,039 Deferred offering costs 27,117 - Security deposit - related party 2,008 1,999 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net - related party 17,799 38,988 Property and equipment, net - 302 TOTAL ASSETS $ 72,365 $ 60,328 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT CURRENT LIABILITIES: Accounts payable $ 1,213,335 $ 966,718 Accrued expenses and other payables 792,190 579,707 Accrued interest 94,612 44,709 Loans payable 145,091 65,280 Loans payable - related party 71,629 - Note payable, net of discount 204,694 - Convertible notes, net of discounts and including put premiums 399,325 390,539 Operating lease liability - related party, current portion 19,362 21,505 Embedded conversion option liabilities 133,886 423,209 Due to former director - related party 29,759 29,630 Loan from former director - related party 49,528 49,314 Employee benefit liability 639,371 587,618 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 3,792,782 3,158,229 NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES: Loan payable - long-term - related party, net of discount 58,642 - Operating lease liability - long-term portion - related party - 19,278 TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES 58,642 19,278 TOTAL LIABILITIES $ 3,851,424 $ 3,177,507 Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 9) - - STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT: Preferred stock, 1,500,005 shares authorized, $ 0.01 par value: Series B preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value; 5 shares authorized; 1 share issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 - - Preferred stock, value - - Common stock, $ 0.001 par value; 10,000,000,000 shares authorized; 478,802,488 and 6,031,250 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively 478,802 6,031 Common stock issuable ( 0 and 1,621,653 shares as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively) - 1,621 Additional paid-in capital 61,217,255 60,311,502 Accumulated other comprehensive income 1,269,581 1,294,876 Accumulated deficit ( 66,698,220 ) ( 64,684,732 ) Treasury stock ($ 0.001 share) ( 46,477 ) ( 46,477 ) TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT ( 3,779,059 ) ( 3,117,179 ) TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT $ 72,365 $ 60,328 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F- 3 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) 2024 2023 For the years ended June 30, 2024 2023 REVENUE Revenue $ - $ - OPERATING EXPENSES Administration expenses 1,253,797 1,499,885 Occupancy expenses - related party 34,150 28,841 Research and development 248,102 247,919 TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 1,536,049 1,776,645 LOSS FROM OPERATIONS ( 1,536,049 ) ( 1,776,645 ) OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Interest expense ( 665,841 ) ( 532,821 ) Interest income 60 36 Derivative expense ( 141,012 ) - Change in fair value of derivative liabilities 316,537 ( 530,330 ) Gain from settlement of accounts payable - 17,499 Gain on extinguishment of debt, net 54,565 25,969 Foreign currency transaction gain 22,080 5,885 TOTAL OTHER EXPENSE, NET ( 413,611 ) ( 1,013,762 ) LOSS BEFORE TAXES ( 1,949,660 ) ( 2,790,407 ) Tax benefit 129,132 129,841 NET LOSS $ ( 1,820,528 ) $ ( 2,660,566 ) Deemed Dividend ( 192,960 ) ( 466,273 ) NET LOSS AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS $ ( 2,013,488 ) $ ( 3,126,839 ) BASIC AND DILUTED NET LOSS PER SHARE AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS $ ( 0.02 ) $ ( 1.80 ) BASIC AND DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING 85,045,339 1,738,802 NET LOSS AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS $ ( 2,013,488 ) $ ( 3,126,839 ) OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Unrealized foreign currency translation gain (loss) ( 25,295 ) 60,327 TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ( 25,295 ) 60,327 TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS $ ( 2,038,783 ) $ ( 3,066,512 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F- 4 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023 No. of Shares Value No. of Shares Value No. of Shares Value No. of Shares Value Paid-in Capital Subscription Receivable Accumulated Deficit Comprehensive Income Treasury Stock Stockholders’ Deficit Preferred Stock Common Stock Accumulated Series A Series B Common Stock Issuable Additional Other Total No. of Shares Value No. of Shares Value No. of Shares Value No. of Shares Value Paid-in Capital Subscription Receivable Accumulated Deficit Comprehensive Income Treasury Stock Stockholders’ Deficit Balance at June 30, 2022 500,000 $ 5,000 1 $ - 220,351 $ 220 19,598 $ 20 $ 57,364,690 $ ( 23,758 ) $ ( 61,557,893 ) $ 1,234,549 $ ( 46,477 ) $ ( 3,023,649 ) Issuance of common stock for cash - - - - 14,337 14 - - 24,697 23,758 - - - 48,469 Retirement of Series A Preferred Stock ( 500,000 ) ( 5,000 ) - - - - - - 5,000 - - - - - Issuance of common stock for conversion of convertible debt, conversion fee and accrued interest - - - - 5,061,180 5,061 807,230 807 1,381,855 - - - - 1,387,723 Issuance of common stock for services - - - - 79,412 79 608,423 608 138,260 - - - - 138,947 Issuance of common stock for exercise of Series B warrants - - - - 12 - - - 475,000 - - - - 475,000 Issuance of common stock for alternate cashless exercise of Series A warrants - - - - 559,999 560 206,000 206 ( 766 ) - - - - - Issuance of common stock in connection with a note payable - - - - 75,000 75 - - 37,425 - - - - 37,500 Issuance of common stock for issuable shares - - - - 19,598 20 ( 19,598 ) ( 20 ) - - - - - - Reclassification of put premium upon debt conversion - - - - - - - - 411,111 - - - - 411,111 Warrant grant for settlement of accounts payable - - - - - - - - 5,551 - - - - 5,551 Stock based compensation in connection with stock warrant grant - - - - - - - - 2,408 - - - - 2,408 Foreign currency translation gain - - - - - - - - - - - 60,327 - 60,327 Deemed dividend upon alternate cashless exercise of warrants - - - - - - - - 466,273 - ( 466,273 ) - - - Fractional shares due to reverse split - - - - 1,361 2 - - ( 2 ) - - - - - Net loss for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 - - - - - - - - - - ( 2,660,566 ) - - ( 2,660,566 ) Balance at June 30, 2023 - - 1 - 6,031,250 6,031 1,621,653 1,621 60,311,502 - ( 64,684,732 ) 1,294,876 ( 46,477 ) ( 3,117,179 ) Balance - - 1 - 6,031,250 6,031 1,621,653 1,621 60,311,502 - ( 64,684,732 ) 1,294,876 ( 46,477 ) ( 3,117,179 ) Issuance of common stock for conversion of convertible debt and accrued interest - - - - 445,963,937 445,964 - - 327,584 - - - - 773,548 Issuance of common stock for cash - - - - 18,913,648 18,914 - - 4,143 - - - - 23,057 Issuance of common stock for alternate cashless exercise of warrants - - - - 6,272,000 6,272 - - ( 6,272 ) - - - - - Issuance of common stock for issuable shares - - - - 1,621,653 1,621 ( 1,621,653 ) ( 1,621 ) - - - - - - Reclassification of put premium upon debt conversion - - - - - - - - 246,254 - - - - 246,254 Relative fair value of warrant granted in connection with a loan payable - related party - - - - - - - - 141,084 - - - - 141,084 Deemed dividend upon alternate cashless exercise of warrants - - - - - - - - 192,960 - ( 192,960 ) - - - Foreign currency translation loss - - - - - - - - - - - ( 25,295 ) - ( 25,295 ) Net loss for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 - - - - - - - - - - ( 1,820,528 ) - - ( 1,820,528 ) Balance at June 30, 2024 - $ - 1 $ - 478,802,488 $ 478,802 - $ - $ 61,217,255 $ - $ ( 66,698,220 ) $ 1,269,581 $ ( 46,477 ) $ ( 3,779,059 ) Balance - $ - 1 $ - 478,802,488 $ 478,802 - $ - $ 61,217,255 $ - $ ( 66,698,220 ) $ 1,269,581 $ ( 46,477 ) $ ( 3,779,059 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F- 5 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 2024 2023 For the years ended June 30, 2024 2023 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss $ ( 1,820,528 ) $ ( 2,660,566 ) Adjustments to Reconcile Net Loss to Net Cash Used in Operating Activities: Issuance and amortization of common stock for services - 138,948 Stock option, stock warrants and restricted stock expense - 2,408 Foreign currency transaction gain ( 22,080 ) ( 5,885 ) Depreciation expense 297 1,665 Allowance on refundable advance deposit 120,958 - Amortization of debt discounts 294,005 202,952 Amortization of right-of-use assets 21,359 21,266 Change in fair value of derivative liabilities ( 316,537 ) 530,330 Derivative expense 141,012 - Gain on extinguishment of debt, net ( 54,565 ) ( 25,969 ) Gain from settlement of accounts payable - ( 17,499 ) Non-cash interest expense 3,832 1,838 Accretion of put premium 279,711 232,674 Changes in Assets and Liabilities: GST receivable ( 71 ) ( 610 ) Prepaid expenses and other assets 4,746 2,182 Refundable advance deposit ( 120,958 ) - Deferred offering costs ( 25,000 ) - Accounts payable 242,408 80,975 Employee benefit liability 49,196 186,912 Accrued expenses and other payables 209,962 130,511 Accrued interest 78,733 92,474 Operating lease liability ( 21,598 ) ( 19,857 ) NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES ( 935,118 ) ( 1,105,251 ) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from convertible promissory notes, net of original issue discounts and issue costs 567,050 590,250 Repayment of convertible note ( 142,909 ) - Proceeds from the sale of common stock 23,057 24,711 Proceeds from note payable 190,000 - Proceeds from loans payable 79,811 - Proceeds from loans payable - related party 224,885 - Collection of subscription receivable - 23,758 Proceeds from the exercise of warrants - 475,000 NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES 941,894 1,113,719 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 4,262 ( 2,488 ) NET INCREASE IN CASH 11,038 5,980 CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR 10,047 4,067 CASH AT END OF YEAR $ 21,085 $ 10,047 Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information Cash paid during the year: Interest $ 9,491 $ 2,883 Income Tax $ - $ - Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities Reduction of put premium related to conversions of convertible notes $ 246,254 $ 411,111 Conversion of convertible notes and accrued interest to common stock $ 560,483 $ 1,016,285 Debt discounts related to derivative liability $ 150,000 $ 93,668 Relative fair value of warrant granted in connection with a loan payable - related party $ 141,084 $ - Warrant grant for settlement of accounts payable $ - $ 37,500 Warrants issued for accrued services $ - $ 5,551 Deemed dividend upon alternate cashless exercise of warrants $ 192,960 $ 466,273 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F- 6 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING POLICIES Nature of Operations Propanc Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is based in Camberwell, Victoria Australia. Since its inception, substantially all of the operations of the Company have been focused on the development of new cancer treatments targeting high-risk patients, particularly cancer survivors, who need a follow-up, non-toxic, long-term therapy designed to prevent the cancer from returning and spreading. The Company anticipates establishing global markets for its technologies. Our lead product candidate, which we refer to as PRP, is an enhanced pro-enzyme formulation designed to enhance the anti-cancer effects of multiple enzymes acting synergistically. It is currently in the preclinical phase of development. The Company was originally formed in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on October 15, 2007 as Propanc PTY LTD. On November 23, 2010, Propanc Health Group Corporation was incorporated in the State of Delaware, and in January 2011, to reorganize the Company, all of the outstanding shares of Propanc PTY LTD were acquired on a one-for-one basis by Propanc Health Group Corporation, with Propanc PTY LTD becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. On July 22, 2016, the Company formed another wholly-owned subsidiary, Propanc (UK) Limited under the laws of England and Wales for the purpose of submitting an orphan drug application to the European Medicines Agency as a small and medium-sized enterprise. As of June 30, 2024, there has been no activity within this entity. Effective April 20, 2017, the Company changed its name to “Propanc Biopharma, Inc.” to reflect the Company’s stage of operations and development better. In July 2020, a world-first patent was granted in Australia for the cancer treatment method patent family. Presently, there are 84 granted, allowed, or accepted patents and 6 patents filed, or under examination in key global jurisdictions relating to the use of proenzymes against solid tumors, covering the lead product candidate PRP. On May 1, 2023, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to its certificate of incorporation, as amended, to effect a one-for-one thousand (1:1,000) Reverse Stock Split (the “Reverse Stock Split”), effective as of May 1, 2023. Proportional adjustments for the Reverse Stock Split were made to the Company’s outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans. All share and per-share data and amounts have been retroactively adjusted as of the earliest period presented in the consolidated financial statements to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. The Company hopes to capture and protect additional patentable subject matter based on the Company’s field of technology relating to pharmaceutical compositions of proenzymes for treating cancer by filing additional patent applications as it advances its lead product candidate, PRP, through various stages of development. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Propanc Biopharma, Inc., the parent entity, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Propanc PTY LTD. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Propanc (UK) Limited was an inactive wholly-owned subsidiary through June 30, 2024 and remains inactive. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the estimates of useful lives of long-lived assets, valuation of the collectability of a refundable advance deposit, present value of the operating lease liability and related right-of-use asset, valuation of derivatives, valuation of equity based instruments issued for other than cash, the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and foreign currency translation due to certain average exchange rates applied in lieu of spot rates on transaction dates. Foreign Currency Translation and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary’s functional currency is the Australian dollar (AUD). For financial reporting purposes, the Australian dollar has been translated into the Company’s reporting currency, which is the United States dollar ($) and/or (USD). Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Equity transactions are translated at each historical transaction date spot rate. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit) as “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).” Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency translations are included in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). There have been no significant fluctuations in the exchange rate for the conversion of Australian dollars to USD after the balance sheet date. F- 7 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for all periods presented includes only foreign currency translation gains (losses). Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the consolidated balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency included in the consolidated results of operations as incurred. Effective fiscal year 2021, the parent company determined that the intercompany loans will not be repaid in the foreseeable future and thus, per Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 830-20-35-3, gains and losses from measuring the intercompany balances are recorded within cumulative translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized a cumulative exchange gain of approximately $ 90,000 and $ 648,000 , respectively, on intercompany loans made by the parent to the subsidiary that have not been repaid as of June 30, 2024, which is included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the exchange rates used to translate amounts in Australian dollars into USD for the purposes of preparing the consolidated financial statements were as follows: SCHEDULE OF TRANSACTION EXCHANGE RATES June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Exchange rate on balance sheet dates USD : AUD exchange rate 0.6693 0.6664 Average exchange rate for the period USD : AUD exchange rate 0.6557 0.6732 Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by component during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows: SCHEDULE OF ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME LOSS Foreign Currency Items: Beginning balance, June 30, 2022 $ 1,234,549 Foreign currency translation gain 60,327 Balance, June 30, 2023 1,294,876 Foreign currency translation loss ( 25,295 ) Ending balance, June 30, 2024 $ 1,269,581 Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities in accordance with US GAAP. For certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Amounts recorded for notes payable, net of discount, and loans payable also approximate fair value because current interest rates available for debt with similar terms and maturities are substantially the same. The Company follows accounting guidance for financial assets and liabilities. This standard defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures. This standard does not require any new fair value measurements, but rather applies to all other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. This guidance does not apply to measurements related to share-based payments. This guidance discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). F- 8 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The guidance utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore developed using estimates and assumptions developed by us, which reflect those that a market participant would use. Also see Note 12 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and at banks, short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less with financial institutions, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts, as applicable, are reflected as a current liability on the balance sheets. There were no cash equivalents as of June 30, 2024 and 2023. Refundable Advance Deposit In August 2023, the Company paid a refundable advance deposit of $ 120,958 which consisted primarily of a deposit paid to a potential lender to be used as payment for a loan insurance premium related to a future loan transaction with the Company. In the event, the future loan transaction does not close, the potential lender shall return the refundable advance deposit. During the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded an allowance for the recoverability of this refundable advance deposit of $ 120,958 . Deferred Offering Costs The Company complies with the requirements of ASC 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, with regards to offering costs. Prior to the completion of an offering, offering costs are capitalized and consist principally of professional, underwriting and other expenses incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the Company’s proposed public offering. The deferred offering costs are charged to additional paid-in capital or as a discount to debt, as applicable, upon the completion of an offering or to expense if the offering is not completed. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023 the Company had recorded $ 27,117 and $ 0 in deferred offering costs, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; additions, renewals, and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the declining balance method. The depreciable amount is the cost less its residual value. The estimated useful lives are as follows: SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES Machinery and equipment - 5 years Furniture - 7 years Patents Patents are stated at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated future periods if and once the patent has been granted by a regulatory agency. However, the Company will expense any patent costs as long as we are in the startup stage. Accordingly, as the Company’s products are not currently approved for market, all patent costs incurred from 2013 through June 30, 2024 were expensed immediately. This practice of expensing patent costs immediately ends when a product receives market authorization from a government regulatory agency. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with ASC 360-10, “Long-lived assets,” which include property and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable. F- 9 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Employee Benefit/Liability Liabilities arising in respect of wages and salaries, accumulated annual leave, accumulated long service leave and any other employee benefits expected to be settled within twelve months of the reporting date are measured based on the employee’s remuneration rates applicable at the reporting date. All other employee benefit liabilities are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflow to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date. All employee liabilities are owed within the next twelve months. Australian Goods and Services Tax (“GST”) Revenues, expenses and balance sheet items are recognized net of the amount of GST, except payable and receivable balances which are shown inclusive of GST. The GST incurred is payable on revenues to, and recoverable on purchases from, the Australian Taxation Office. Cash flows are presented in the statements of cash flow on a gross basis, except for the GST component of investing and financing activities, which are disclosed as operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company was owed $ 2,950 and $ 2,867 , respectively, from the Australian Taxation Office. These amounts were fully collected subsequent to the balance sheet reporting dates. Derivative Instruments ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC Topic 815”), establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and for hedging activities by requiring that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings. On the date of conversion or payoff of debt, the Company records the fair value of the conversion shares, removes the fair value of the related derivative liability, removes any discounts and records a net gain or loss on debt extinguishment. Convertible Notes With Variable Conversion Options The Company has entered into convertible notes, some of which contain variable conversion options, whereby the outstanding principal and accrued interest may be converted, by the holder, into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share (“common stock”) at a fixed discount to the price of the common stock at or around the time of conversion. The Company treats these convertible notes as stock settled debt under ASC 480, “ Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity ” and measures the fair value of the notes at the time of issuance, which is the result of the share price discount at the time of conversion and records the put premium as interest expense. Income Taxes The Company is governed by Australia and United States income tax laws, which are administered by the Australian Taxation Office and the United States Internal Revenue Service, respectively. The Company follows ASC 740 “ Accounting for Income Taxes ,” when accounting for income taxes, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for temporary differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company follows ASC 740, Sections 25 through 60, “ Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes .” These sections provide detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in the financial statements. Tax positions must meet a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized upon the adoption of ASC 740 and in subsequent periods. Research and Development Costs and Tax Credits In accordance with ASC 730-10, “Research and Development-Overall,” research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Total research and development costs for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were $ 248,102 and $ 247,919 , respectively. F- 10 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The Company may apply for research and development tax concessions with the Australian Taxation Office on an annual basis. Although the amount is possible to estimate at year end, the Australian Taxation Office may reject or materially alter the claim amount. Accordingly, the Company does not recognize the benefit of the claim amount until cash receipt since collectability is not certain until such time. The tax concession is a refundable credit. If the Company has net income, then the Company can receive the credit which reduces its income tax liability. If the Company has net losses, then the Company may still receive a cash payment for the credit, however, the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards are reduced by the gross equivalent loss that would produce the credit amount when the income tax rate is applied to that gross amount. The concession is recognized as a tax benefit, in operations, upon receipt. During each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company applied for, and received from the Australian Taxation Office, a research and development tax credit in the amount of $ 129,132 and $ 129,841 , respectively, which is reflected as a tax benefit in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Stock Based Compensation The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “ Stock Compensation ”. ASC 718 requires the fair value of all stock-based employee compensation awarded to employees to be recorded as an expense over the shorter of the service period or the vesting period. The Company values employee and non-employee stock-based compensation at fair value using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 and accounts for non-employee share-based awards in accordance with the measurement and recognition criteria of ASC 718 and recognizes the fair value of such awards over the service period. The Company used the modified prospective method of adoption. Revenue Recognition The Company applies ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. This standard requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. Subject to these criteria, the Company intends to recognize revenue relating to royalties on product sales in the period in which the sale occurs and the royalty term has begun. Legal Expenses All legal costs for litigation are charged to expense as incurred. Leases The Company follows ASC Topic 842, Leases (Topic 842) and applies the package of practical expedients, which permit it not to reassess under the new standard its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. In addition, the Company elected not to apply ASC Topic 842 to arrangements with lease terms of 12 months or less. Operating lease right of use assets (“ROU”) represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the adoption date in determining the present value of future payments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in general and administrative expenses. Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon exercise of common stock equivalents such as stock options, warrants and convertible debt instruments. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive. As a result, the basic and diluted per share amounts for all periods presented are identical. Each holder of the convertible notes has agreed to a 4.99 % beneficial ownership conversion limitation (subject to certain noteholders’ ability to increase such limitation to 9.99% upon 60 days’ notice to the Company), and each note may not be converted during the first six-month period from the date of issuance . The Company’s CEO holds Series B Preferred Stock that, when combined, confers upon him a majority vote, including regarding authorization of additional common shares and/or the authorization of a reverse split the stock as considered necessary. Such securities are considered dilutive securities which were excluded from the computation since the effect is anti-dilutive. F- 11 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 SCHEDULE OF ANTI-DILUTIVE SECURITIES EXCLUDED FROM COMPUTATION OF EARNINGS June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Stock Options 0.06 0.06 Warrants with no designations 15,003,396 90 Series A Warrants as if converted at alternate cashless exercise prices 1,990,353,990 1,996,625,990 Series B Warrants 16 16 Series C Warrants as if converted at alternate cashless exercise prices * 9,175,999,954 9,473,999,953 Unvested restricted stock units 0.06 0.06 Convertible Debt 393,727,811 5,991,195 Total 11,575,085,167.12 11,476,617,244.12 * Only convertible ratably upon exercise of Series B Warrants Recent Accounting Pronouncements We have reviewed the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) accounting pronouncements and interpretations thereof that have effectiveness dates during the periods reported and in future periods. We have carefully considered the new pronouncements that alter previous generally accepted accounting principles and do not believe that any new or modified principles will have a material impact on the Company’s reported financial position or operations in the near term with the exception of those disclosed below. The applicability of any standard is subject to the formal review of the Company’s financial management. In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which eliminates the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models for convertible instruments, amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity’s own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions, and modifies how particular convertible instruments and certain contracts that may be settled in cash or shares impact the diluted EPS calculation. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 for smaller reporting companies, and interim periods within those reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those reporting periods. The Company is currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERN The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, the Company had no revenues, had a net loss of $ 1,820,528 and had net cash used in operations of $ 935,118 . Additionally, as of June 30, 2024, the Company had a working capital deficit, stockholders’ deficit and accumulated deficit of $ 3,767,341 , $ 3,779,059 , and $ 66,698,220 , respectively. It is management’s opinion that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this filing. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Successful completion of the Company’s development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations are dependent upon future events, including obtaining adequate financing to fulfill its development activities, acceptance of the Company’s patent applications, obtaining additional sources of suitable and adequate financing and ultimately achieving a level of sales adequate to support the Company’s cost structure and business plan. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is also dependent on its ability to further develop and execute its business plan. However, there can be no assurances that any or all of these endeavors will be successful. F- 12 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 NOTE 3 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment consist of the following as of June 30: SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2024 2023 Office equipment at cost $ 25,543 $ 25,432 Less: Accumulated depreciation ( 25,543 ) ( 25,130 ) Total property, plant, and equipment $ - $ 302 Depreciation expense for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $ 297 and $ 1,665 , respectively. NOTE 4 – DUE TO FORMER DIRECTOR - RELATED PARTY Due to former director – related party represents unsecured advances made primarily by a former director for operating expenses on behalf of the Company, such as intellectual property and formation expenses. The expenses were paid for on behalf of the Company and are due upon demand. The Company is currently not being charged interest under these advances. The total amounts owed to the former director at June 30, 2024 and 2023 were $ 29,759 and $ 29,630 , respectively. The Company plans to repay the advances as its cash resources allow (see Note 10). NOTE 5 – LOANS Loan from Former Director - Related Party Loan from the Company’s former director at June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $ 49,528 and $ 49,314 , respectively. The loan bears no interest and is payable on demand. The Company did not repay any amount on this loan during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, (see Note 10). Loans payable - Related Party Between November 2023 and May 2024, an institutional investor affiliated with one of our directors, Josef Zelinger, loaned the Company an aggregate of $ 71,629 . The loans bear no interest and are payable on demand. The loans payable amounted to $ 71,629 and $ 0 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Loan payable -long-term- Related Party On July 5, 2023, the Company and an institutional investor affiliated with one of our directors, Josef Zelinger, entered into a letter agreement, pursuant to which such investor loaned the Company an aggregate of $ 230,000 AUD ($ 153,256 USD). Pursuant to such agreement, the term of such loan is three (3) years, ending on July 5, 2026 , with an interest rate of 10 % to be paid monthly in arrears. In connection with such loan, the Company issued 15,000,000 warrants to purchase common stock to such investor immediately exercisable at an initial exercise price of $ 0.01 per share (subject to certain adjustments such as stock dividend, stock splits, subsequent right offering and pro-rata distribution) with an expiry date of July 5, 2026. The Company accounted for the 15,000,000 warrants issued with this loan payable as debt discount by using the relative fair value method. The total debt discount which is equivalent to the relative fair value of the warrants of $ 141,084 was based on a fair value determination using a Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions: stock price at valuation date of $ 0.119 based on the closing price of common stock at date of grant, exercise price of $ 0.01 , dividend yield of zero , expected term of 3.00 , a risk-free rate of 4.59 %, and expected volatility of 268 %. The debt discount shall be amortized over the term of this loan. A portion of the proceeds of such loan were used to repay an outstanding balance of approximately $ 143,000 due on a convertible note (Coventry Note) held by a third-party investor and which had been in default (see Note 6). Accrued interest from this loan amounted to $ 15,158 as of June 30, 2024. Amortization of debt discount from this loan for the year ended June 30, 2024 was $ 46,470 . The total principal outstanding under this loan was $ 153,256 and remaining unamortized debt discount of $ 94,614 as of June 30, 2024 as reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as loan payable – long-term – related party, net of discount of $ 58,642 . F- 13 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Loans Payable Crown Bridge Securities Purchase Agreement Effective October 3, 2019, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Crown Bridge Partners, LLC (“Crown Bridge”), pursuant to which Crown Bridge purchased a convertible promissory note from the Company (the “Crown Bridge Note”), which had a remaining principal balance of $ 65,280 as of June 30, 2024 (see Note 6). The maturity date of the Crown Bridge Note was October 3, 2020 and is currently past due. The Crown Bridge Note bore interest at a default interest rate of 15 % per annum. In August 2022, the SEC filed a complaint against Crown Bridge due to its violation of Section 15(a)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Crown Bridge agreed to surrender all conversion rights in its currently held convertible notes, including the Crown Bridge Note. Consequently, during fiscal year 2023, the Company reclassified the remaining principal balance of $ 65,280 from a convertible note into a loan payable which is the principal balance at June 30, 2024 and 2023. Additionally, the Company recorded the remaining put premium of $ 43,520 into gain on extinguishment of debt during fiscal year 2023. The total accrued interest from this loan amounted to $ 45,541 and $ 35,722 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Loans Payable - others In June 2024, the Company entered into loan agreements with two investors who loaned the Company an aggregate of $ 120,000 AUD ($ 79,811 USD). The maturity dates of these loans are both in June 2025 . These loans bear interest at a rate of 12 % per annum. The total balance of these loans amounted to $ 79,811 and accrued interest of $ 665 as of June 30, 2024. The aggregate principal outstanding on the above loans was $ 145,091 and $ 65,280 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Loan in default The Crown Bridge Note is currently past due and in default, consisting of $ 65,280 principal and $ 45,541 accrued interest, which includes interest accruing at the default interest rate at 15 %. NOTE 6 – NOTE PAYABLE AND CONVERTIBLE NOTES Promissory Note On August 15, 2023, the Company issued to an institutional investor (the “August 2023 Lender”) a 10 % original issue discount promissory note (the “Promissory Note”) in consideration for $ 120,000 , which has a principal face amount of $ 132,000 , matured on November 15, 2023 and accrued interest at a rate of 10 % per annum, and was increased to 18 % due to the event of a default. The Company had the right to prepay the principal and accrued but unpaid interest due under the Promissory Note, together with any other amounts that the Company may owe the August 2023 Lender under the terms of the Promissory Note, on or before September 14, 2023 at a 110% premium of the face amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and any other amounts owed to the August 2023 Lender, which increases to (i) 120% if prepaid after such date, but on or before October 14, 2023, and (ii) 130% if prepaid after October 14, 2023 (including on the maturity date), unless the Company and the Lender agree to otherwise effect repayment . The Promissory Note contains certain customary events of default set forth in the Promissory Note, including, among others, breach of covenants, representations or warranties, insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation and failure by the Company to pay the principal and interest due under the Promissory Note. On May 7, 2024, the August 2023 Lender notified the Company that the 130 % default repayment plus interest will be waived and shall extend the maturity of the Promissory Note to September 30, 2024. Accrued interest from this note amounted to $ 15,536 as of June 30, 2024. Amortization of debt discount from the promissory note for the year ended June 30, 2024 was $ 12,000 . The total principal outstanding under this note was $ 132,000 and remaining debt discount of $ 0 as of June 30, 2024 as reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as note payable of $ 132,000 . 1800 Diagonal Lending Promissory Notes On May 24, 2024, the Company entered into a 15 % promissory note in the amount of $ 49,200 less original issue discount of $ 8,200 and legal and financing costs of $ 6,000 for net proceeds of $ 35,000 with 1800 Diagonal Lending, LLC. The principal and accrued interest is payable on or before March 30, 2025. Any amount of principal or interest on this note which is not paid when due shall bear interest at the rate of twenty two percent ( 22 %) per annum from the due date thereof until the same is paid. Accrued, unpaid interest and outstanding principal, subject to adjustment, shall be paid on November 30, 2024 in the amount of $ 28,290 and 4 payments each in the amount of $ 7,072.50 (a total payback to the Holder of $ 56,580 ). The first payment of $ 7,072.50 shall be due on December 30, 2024 with 3 subsequent payments each month thereafter. The Company shall have a five (5) day grace period with respect to each payment. On June 10, 2024, the Company entered into a 15 % promissory note in the amount of $ 49,200 less original issue discount of $ 8,200 and legal and financing costs of $ 6,000 for net proceeds of $ 35,000 with 1800 Diagonal Lending, LLC. The principal and accrued interest is payable on or before April 15, 2025. Any amount of principal or interest on this note which is not paid when due shall bear interest at the rate of twenty two percent ( 22 %) per annum from the due date thereof until the same is paid. Accrued, unpaid interest and outstanding principal, subject to adjustment, shall be paid on December 15, 2024 in the amount of $ 28,290 and 4 payments each in the amount of $ 7,072.50 (a total payback to the Holder of $ 56,580 ). The first payment of $ 7,072.50 shall be due on January 15, 2025 with 3 subsequent payments each month thereafter. The Company shall have a five (5) day grace period with respect to each payment. F- 14 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The Company has right to accelerate payments or prepay in full at any time with no prepayment penalty. At any time following an event of default, the noteholder shall have the right, to convert all or any part of the outstanding and unpaid amount of these notes into shares of common stock. The conversion price of the above notes shall mean 65 % multiplied by the lowest trading price for the common stock during the 10 trading days prior to the conversion date (representing a discount rate of 35 %) subject to a 4.99 % beneficial ownership limitations. Upon the occurrence of any event of defaults, these notes shall be immediately due and payable in an amount equal to 150 % default percentage multiplied by the sum of the outstanding principal balances plus accrued interest and default interest. The total balance of these 1800 Diagonal Lending promissory notes amounted to $ 98,400 and accrued interest of $ 1,193 as of June 30, 2024. The total balance of the above three promissory notes, net of unamortized discount of $ 25,706 was $ 204,694 at June 30, 2024. Convertible Notes The Company’s convertible notes outstanding at June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows: SCHEDULE OF CONVERTIBLE NOTES June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Convertible notes and debenture $ 313,550 $ 338,362 Unamortized discounts ( 38,854 ) ( 38,994 ) Premium, net 124,629 91,171 Convertible notes, net $ 399,325 $ 390,539 Crown Bridge Securities Purchase Agreements Effective October 3, 2019, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Crown Bridge, pursuant to which Crown Bridge purchased the Crown Bridge Note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 108,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of common stock at the option of Crown Bridge any time after issuance of such note. Pursuant to the terms of such securities purchase agreement, Crown Bridge deducted $ 3,000 from the principal payment due under the Crown Bridge Note, at the time of closing, to be applied to its legal expenses, and there was a $ 5,000 original issuance discount resulting in $ 100,000 net proceeds to the Company. The Company used the net proceeds from the Crown Bridge Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the Crown Bridge Note was October 3, 2020 and is currently past due. The Crown Bridge Note bore interest at a default interest rate of 15 % per annum. Additionally, Crown Bridge had the option to convert all or any amount of the Crown Bridge Note at any time after issuance until the later of such note’s maturity date or the date on which the default amount was paid if an event of default occurs, which would be between 110 % and 150 % of the then outstanding principal amount of the Crown Bridge Note plus any interest accrued, for shares of the common stock at the then-applicable conversion price. The conversion price of the Crown Bridge Note was equal to 60% (representing a 40% discount) of the lowest closing bid price of the common stock for the ten trading days immediately prior to the delivery of a notice of conversion under such note, including the day upon which such notice was received subject to 4.99 % or 9.99 % beneficial ownership limitations . The Crown Bridge Note was treated as stock settled debt under ASC 480 and accordingly the Company recorded a $ 72,000 put premium. The Crown Bridge Note contained certain events of default, upon which principal and accrued interest would become immediately due and payable. In addition, upon an event of default, interest on the outstanding principal accrued at a default interest rate of 15 % per annum, or if such rate is usurious or not permitted by current law, then at the highest rate of interest permitted by law. Further, certain events of default may trigger penalty and liquidated damage provisions. The total principal amount outstanding under the Crown Bridge Note was $ 65,280 and accrued interest was $ 7,232 as of June 30, 2020 following conversion of $ 42,720 of the principal balance during the year ended June 30, 2020. Accordingly, $ 28,480 of the put premium was released in respect of the October 3, 2019 Crown Bridge Note during the year ended June 30, 2020 following partial conversion of the principal balance. There were 15 unissued shares of Common Stock that were considered issuable for accounting purposes during the 1 st quarter of fiscal 2021 related to a conversion notice dated and received on September 16, 2020. In November 2020, the Company was notified by Crown Bridge of the cancellation of this conversion notice as a result of the reverse stock split and, as such, the Company reversed the effects of this transaction, thereby increasing the principal balance by $ 9,600 and put premium by $ 6,400 and a corresponding decrease in equity of $ 16,000 . The total principal amount outstanding under the Crown Bridge Note was $ 65,280 and accrued interest was $ 25,930 as of June 30, 2022. F- 15 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 In August 2022, the SEC filed a complaint against Crown Bridge due to its violation of Section 15(a)(1) of the Exchange Act. Crown Bridge agreed to surrender all conversion rights in its currently held convertible notes, including the Crown Bridge Note. Consequently, during fiscal year 2023, the Company reclassified the remaining principal balance of $ 65,280 from a convertible note into a loan payable. Additionally, the Company recorded the remaining put premium of $ 43,520 into gain on extinguishment of debt during fiscal year 2023. Therefore, the total principal amount outstanding under such agreement with Crown Bridge was $ 0 after the reclassification of principal to loan payable as of June 30, 2023 (see Note 5). 1800 Diagonal Lending (formerly known as Sixth Street Lending) Securities Purchase Agreements June 30, 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement On June 30, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (“1800 Diagonal”), which closed on July 11, 2022, pursuant to which 1800 Diagonal purchased a convertible promissory note (the “July 11, 2022 1800 Diagonal Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 105,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of common stock at the option of 1800 Diagonal any time after 180 days of the July 11, 2022 1800 Diagonal Note. The July 11, 2022 1800 Diagonal Note contained debt issue cost of $ 3,750 . The Company used the net proceeds from the July 11, 2022 1800 Diagonal Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the July 11, 2022 1800 Diagonal Note was June 30, 2023 . The 1800 Diagonal Note bore interest at a rate of 8 % per annum, which interest was payable in shares of common stock; but was not payable until the maturity date or upon acceleration or by prepayment of such note. June 29, 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement On June 29, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 1800 Diagonal, which closed on July 6, 2023, pursuant to which 1800 Diagonal purchased a convertible promissory note (the “July 6, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 65,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of 1800 Diagonal any time after 180 days of the July 6, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note. The July 6, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note contained debt issue costs of $ 5,000 . The Company used the net proceeds for general working capital purposes. The maturity date was June 29, 2024 . July 19, 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement On July 19, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC pursuant to which 1800 Diagonal purchased a convertible promissory note (the “July 19, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 45,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of 1800 Diagonal any time after 180 days of the July 19, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note. The July 19, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note contained debt issue costs of $ 5,000 . The Company used the net proceeds for general working capital purposes. The maturity date was July 19, 2024 . August 16, 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement On August 16, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC pursuant to which 1800 Diagonal purchased a convertible promissory note (the “August 16, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 55,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of 1800 Diagonal any time after 180 days of the August 16, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note. The August 16, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note contained debt issue costs of $ 5,000 . The Company used the net proceeds for general working capital purposes. The maturity date was August 16, 2024 . October 20, 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement On October 20, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC pursuant to which 1800 Diagonal purchased a convertible promissory note (the “October 20, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 40,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of 1800 Diagonal any time after 180 days of the October 20, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note. The October 20, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note contained debt issue costs of $ 5,000 . The Company used the net proceeds for general working capital purposes. The maturity date was October 20, 2024 . F- 16 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 November 29, 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement On November 29, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC pursuant to which 1800 Diagonal purchased a convertible promissory note (the “November 29, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 45,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of 1800 Diagonal any time after 180 days of the November 29, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note. The November 29, 2023 1800 Diagonal Note contained debt issue costs of $ 5,000 . The Company used the net proceeds for general working capital purposes. The maturity date was September 15, 2024 . The following terms shall apply to all the above 1800 Diagonal notes: The 1800 Diagonal Notes bore interest at a rate of 8 % per annum, which interest may be paid by the Company to 1800 Diagonal in shares of the Company’s common stock; but shall not be payable until the 1800 Diagonal Note becomes payable, whether at the maturity date or upon acceleration or by prepayment. During the first 60 to 180 days following the date of these notes, the Company has the right to prepay the principal and accrued but unpaid interest due under the above note, together with any other amounts that the Company may owe the holder under the terms of the note, at a premium ranging from 110 % to 129 % as defined in the note agreement. After this initial 180-day period, the Company does not have a right to prepay such note. The conversion price for the above notes was equal to a 35 % discount of the market price which means the average of the lowest three trading prices of the Common Stock for the ten trading days immediately prior to the delivery of a Notice of Conversion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, 1800 Diagonal shall be restricted from effecting a conversion if such conversion, along with other shares of the Company’s common stock beneficially owned by 1800 Diagonal and its affiliates, exceeds 9.99 % of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company treats these convertible notes as stock settled debt under ASC 480 and accordingly the Company recorded a total debt premium of $ 134,615 which was recorded during the year ended June 30, 2024. The above notes contained certain events of default, upon which principal and accrued interest will become immediately due and payable. In addition, upon an event of default, interest on the outstanding principal shall accrue at a default interest rate of 22 % per annum, or if such rate is usurious or not permitted by current law, then at the highest rate of interest permitted by law. Further, certain events of default may trigger penalty and liquidated damage provisions. Failure to deliver shares of common stock upon conversion of the above 1800 Diagonal notes within three business days of notice of conversion will result in the Company paying a penalty of $ 1,000 per day, subject to certain exceptions. Upon certain events of default, the above 1800 Diagonal notes will become immediately due and payable and the Company must pay 1800 Diagonal 150 % of the then-outstanding principal amount of the above 1800 Diagonal notes, plus any interest accrued upon such event of default or prior events of default (the “Default Amount”). Further, upon any event of default relating to the failure to issue shares of common stock upon the conversion of such notes, such notes become immediately due and payable in an amount equal to twice the Default Amount. The total principal amount outstanding under the above 1800 Diagonal financing agreements was $ 0 as of June 30, 2024 following conversion of $ 250,000 of the principal balance and $ 9,863 accrued interest during the year ended June 30, 2024. Accordingly, $ 134,615 of the put premium was released to additional paid in capital in respect to the 1800 Diagonal financing agreements during the year ended June 30, 2024 following conversion of the principal balance. ONE44 Capital Securities Purchase Agreements August 15, 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement On August 15, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with ONE44, pursuant to which ONE44 purchased a convertible redeemable note (the “August 15, 2022 ONE44 Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 110,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of the common stock at the option of ONE44 any time after the six-month anniversary of the August 15, 2022 ONE44 Note. The transaction contemplated by such purchase agreement closed on August 16, 2022. The August 15, 2022 One44 Note contained an original issue discount amount of $ 10,000 . Pursuant to the terms of such purchase agreement, the Company paid $ 5,500 for ONE44’s legal fees. The Company used the net proceeds from the August 15, 2022 ONE44 Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the August 15, 2022 One44 Note was August 15, 2023. The August 15, 2022 ONE44 Note bore interest at a rate of 10 % per annum, which was payable in shares of common stock, but was not payable until the maturity date or upon acceleration or by prepayment of such note. F- 17 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 February 14, 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement On February 14, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with ONE44, pursuant to which ONE44 purchased a convertible redeemable note (the “February 14, 2023 ONE44 Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 111,111 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of the common stock at the option of ONE44 any time after the six-month anniversary of the February 14, 2023 ONE44 Note. The transaction contemplated by such purchase agreement closed on February 14, 2023. The February 14, 2023 One44 Note contained an original issue discount amount of $ 11,111 . Pursuant to the terms of such purchase agreement, the Company paid $ 5,500 for ONE44’s legal fees. The Company used the net proceeds from the February 14, 2023 ONE44 Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the February 14, 2023 One44 Note was February 14, 2024. The February 14, 2023 ONE44 Note bore interest at a rate of 10 % per annum, which interest was payable in shares of common stock, but was not payable until the maturity date or upon acceleration or by prepayment of such note. December 8, 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement On December 8, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with ONE44, pursuant to which ONE44 purchased a convertible redeemable note (the “December 8, 2023 ONE44 Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 150,000 , such principal and the interest thereon are convertible into shares of the common stock at the option of ONE44 any time after the six-month anniversary of the December 8, 2023 ONE44 Note. The transaction contemplated by such purchase agreement closed on December 8, 2023. The December 8, 2023 One44 Note contains an original issue discount amount of $ 15,000 . Pursuant to the terms of such purchase agreement, the Company paid $ 7,500 for ONE44’s legal fees. The Company used the net proceeds from the December 8, 2023 ONE44 Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the December 8, 2023 One44 Note is December 8, 2024. The December 8, 2023 ONE44 Note bears interest at a rate of 10 % per annum, which interest is payable in shares of common stock, but is not payable until the maturity date or upon acceleration or by prepayment of such note. The following terms shall apply to all of the above ONE44 note: During the first 60 to 180 days following the date of these notes, the Company has the right to prepay the principal and accrued but unpaid interest due under the above notes issued to ONE44, together with any other amounts that the Company may owe ONE44 under the terms of the note, at a premium ranging from 120 % to 135 % as defined in the relevant note. After this initial 180-day period, the Company does not have a right to prepay such note. The conversion price for the above ONE44 notes ranges from 60 % to 65 % (representing a 35 % to 40 % discount) of the market price of the common stock, which is based on the lowest closing bid prices of the common stock between ten and fifteen trading days immediately prior to the delivery of a notice of conversion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, such notes are subject to 4.99 % beneficial ownership limitations. All of the above ONE44 notes are treated as stock settled debt under ASC 480 and accordingly the Company recorded a total debt premium of $ 133,305 during the year ended June 30, 2023 and recorded a total debt premium of $ 100,000 was recorded during the year ended June 30, 2024. The above ONE44 notes contain certain events of default, upon which principal and accrued interest will become immediately due and payable. In addition, upon an event of default, interest on the outstanding principal shall accrue at a default interest rate of 24 % per annum, or if such rate is usurious or not permitted by current law, then at the highest rate of interest permitted by law. Further, certain events of default may trigger penalty and liquidated damage provisions. In the event that the Company fails to deliver to ONE44 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of principal or interest under a ONE44 note, it will incur a penalty of $ 250 per day the shares are not issued beginning on the 4 th day after the conversion notice was delivered to the Company. This penalty increases to $ 500 per day beginning on the 10 th day. In the event that the Company loses the bid price of its common stock on OTC, such ONE44 note does not incur penalty and instead the outstanding principal amount increases by 20 %. The total principal amount outstanding under the above ONE44 notes was $ 118,111 and accrued interest was $ 4,726 as of June 30, 2023, following conversion of $ 338,700 of the principal balance and $ 24,255 accrued interest during the year ended June 30, 2023. Accordingly, $ 182,376 of the put premium was released to additional paid in capital in respect to the purchase agreements with ONE44 during the year ended June 30, 2023 following conversion of the principal balance. The total principal amount outstanding under the above ONE44 financing agreements was $ 119,300 and accrued interest was $ 6,726 as of June 30, 2024 following conversion of $ 148,811 of the principal balance and $ 9,909 accrued interest during the year ended June 30, 2024. Accordingly, $ 98,311 of the put premium was released to additional paid in capital in respect to the ONE44 financing agreements during the year ended June 30, 2024 following conversion of the principal balance. F- 18 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 GS Capital Partners Securities Purchase Agreements August 12, 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement On August 12, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “GS Capital Purchase Agreement”) with GS Capital Partners, LLC (“GS Capital”), pursuant to which GS Capital purchased a convertible redeemable note (the “GS Capital Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 93,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of common stock at the option of GS Capital. The transaction contemplated by the GS Capital Purchase Agreement closed on August 16, 2022. The GS Capital Note contained a $ 5,000 original issue discount. Pursuant to the terms of the GS Purchase Agreement, the Company paid $ 3,000 for GS Capital’s legal fees. The Company used the net proceeds ($ 85,000 ) from the GS Capital Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the GS Capital Note was April 12, 2023 , but was extended to August 12, 2023 in April 2023. The GS Capital Note bore interest at a rate of 8 % per annum, which interest was payable in shares of common stock, but was not payable until the maturity date or upon acceleration or by prepayment of such note. The GS Capital Note was exchangeable for an equal aggregate principal amount of notes of different authorized denominations, as requested by GS Capital by surrendering the same. GS Capital was entitled, at its option, at any time after cash payment, to convert all or any amount of the principal face amount of the GS Capital Note then outstanding into shares of common stock at a price per share equal to $2.80 per share (the “Fixed Price”). However, in the event the common stock trades below $2 per share for more than five consecutive trading days, then the Fixed Price becomes $1.30 per share . In the event of default, such conversion price was equal to 65 % of the lowest trading price of the common stock reported on the OTC Markets or other exchange for the ten prior trading days, including the day upon which a notice of conversion is received by the Company. The GS Capital Note was subject to a 4.99 % beneficial ownership limitation. Such note was fully converted during fiscal year 2024. September 21, 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement On September 21, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with GS Capital, pursuant to which GS Capital purchased a convertible redeemable note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 71,500 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of common stock at the option of GS Capital. The transaction contemplated by such purchase agreement closed on September 26, 2022. Such note contains a $ 4,000 original issue discount. Pursuant to the terms of such purchase agreement, the Company paid $ 2,500 for GS Capital’s legal fees. The Company used the net proceeds ($ 65,000 ) from such note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of such note was March 21, 2023 but was extended to March 21, 2024 in April 2023. Such note bore interest at a rate of 8 % per annum, which interest was payable in shares of common stock, but was not payable until the maturity date or upon acceleration or by prepayment of such note. Such note was exchangeable for an equal aggregate principal amount of notes of different authorized denominations, as requested by GS Capital surrendering the same. GS Capital was entitled, at its option, at any time after cash payment, to convert all or any amount of the principal face amount of the GS Capital Note then outstanding into shares of common stock at a price per share equal to $2 (the “September Fixed Price”). However, in the event the common stock trades below $1.40 per share for more than five consecutive trading days, then the September Fixed Price becomes $0.90 per share . In the event of default under such note, such conversion price was equal to 65 % of the lowest trading price of the common stock as reported on the OTC Markets or other exchange for the ten prior trading days, including the day upon which a notice of conversion is received by the Company. Such note was subject to 4.99 % beneficial ownership limitations. Such note was fully converted during fiscal year 2024. August 23, 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement On August 23, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with GS Capital Partners, LLC, pursuant to which GS Capital purchased a convertible redeemable note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 77,500 , such principal and the interest thereon are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of GS Capital. The GS Capital Note contains a $ 5,000 original issue discount. Pursuant to the terms of the GS Purchase Agreement, the Company paid GS Capital’s legal fees of $ 2,500 . The Company used the net proceeds from the GS Capital Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the GS Capital Note was February 23, 2024 and is currently in default. The GS Capital Note bore an interest at a rate of 8 % per annum and was increased to 24% due to the event of a default, which interest may be paid by the Company to GS Capital in shares of common stock but shall not be payable until the GS Capital Note becomes payable, whether at the Maturity Date or upon acceleration or by prepayment. The GS Capital Note is exchangeable for an equal aggregate principal amount of notes of different authorized denominations, as requested by GS Capital surrendering the same. The initial conversion price for the GS Capital Note is equal to $0.04 per share (the “Fixed Price”), provided that the Fixed Price will be reduced to $0.02 per share in the event that the market price of the Common Stock trades below $0.03 per share for five consecutive trading days. In the event of a default under the Note and unless the Fixed Price is lower, such conversion price will equal the lowest trading price of the Common Stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding such default, which price is subject to re-adjustment every thirty calendar days during the period in which the Company remains in default . October 12, 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement On October 12, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with GS Capital Partners, LLC, pursuant to which GS Capital purchased a convertible redeemable note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 61,000 , such principal and the interest thereon are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of GS Capital. The GS Capital Note contains a $ 3,500 original issue discount. Pursuant to the terms of the GS Purchase Agreement, the Company paid GS Capital’s legal fees of $ 2,500 . The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the GS Capital Note for general working capital purposes. F- 19 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The maturity date of the GS Capital Note was April 12, 2024 and is currently in default. The GS Capital Note bore interest at a rate of 8 % per annum and was increased to 24% due to the event of a default, which interest may be paid by the Company to GS Capital in shares of common stock but shall not be payable until the GS Capital Note becomes payable, whether at the Maturity Date or upon acceleration or by prepayment. The GS Capital Note is exchangeable for an equal aggregate principal amount of notes of different authorized denominations, as requested by GS Capital surrendering the same. The initial conversion price for the GS Capital Note is equal to $0.015 per share (the “Fixed Price”), provided that the Fixed Price will be reduced to $0.01 per share in the event that the market price of the Common Stock trades below $0.0075 per share for ten consecutive trading days. In the event of a default under the Note and unless the Fixed Price is lower, such conversion price will equal the lowest trading price of the Common Stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding such default, which price is subject to re-adjustment every thirty calendar days during the period in which the Company remains in default . April 12, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement On April 12, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with GS Capital Partners, LLC, pursuant to which GS Capital purchased a convertible redeemable note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 27,500 , such principal and the interest thereon are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of GS Capital. The GS Capital Note contains a $ 2,500 original issue discount. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the GS Capital Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the GS Capital Note is October 12, 2024 . The GS Capital Note shall bear interest at a rate of 8 % per annum, which interest may be paid by the Company to GS Capital in shares of common stock but shall not be payable until the GS Capital Note becomes payable, whether at the Maturity Date or upon acceleration or by prepayment. The GS Capital Note is exchangeable for an equal aggregate principal amount of notes of different authorized denominations, as requested by GS Capital surrendering the same. The initial conversion price for the GS Capital Note is equal to $0.0017 per share (the “Fixed Price”), provided that the Fixed Price will be reduced to $0.001 per share in the event that the market price of the Common Stock trades below $0.0014 per share for five consecutive trading days . In the event of a default under the Note and unless the Fixed Price is lower, such conversion price will equal the lowest trading price of the Common Stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding such default, which price is subject to re-adjustment every thirty calendar days during the period in which the Company remains in default. The following terms shall apply to all of the above GS Capital notes: Pursuant to the above GS Capital notes, in the event that such conversion price is below the par value of the Common Stock, the Company has agreed to take all steps to reduce such par value or conduct a reverse split of its Common Stock, as applicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, such conversion price and lookback periods are subject to adjustment in favor of the Investor in the event the Company issues securities to another party with more favorable conversion terms, and such conversions are subject to a 4.99 % beneficial ownership limitation (which may be increased to 9.9% upon 60 days’ prior written notice from the holder of the Note) and adjustments for mergers, consolidations, reorganizations and similar events set forth in the Note, other than a transfer or sale of all or substantially all Company assets. Pursuant to the Note, the Company is required to maintain an initial reserve of at least 400% of the number of Conversion Shares, subject to any increase of such reserved amount to reflect the Company’s obligations under the Note. Additionally, the conversion prices of the above GS Capital notes will be adjusted in favor of the note holder if the Company issues securities with more favorable conversion terms. The effective conversion price of the outstanding GS Capital notes are 60 % (representing a 40 % discount) of the market price, which means the lowest closing bid prices of the Common Stock for the ten trading days immediately prior to the delivery of a Notice of Conversion. The above GS Capital notes were bifurcated from the embedded conversion option which was recorded as derivative liabilities at fair value. F- 20 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 During the first 60 to 180 days following the date of the above GS Capital notes, the Company has the right to prepay the principal and accrued but unpaid interest due under the above notes issued to GS Capital, together with any other amounts that the Company may owe GS Capital under the terms of the notes, at a premium ranging from 110 % to 125 % of the principal amount and interest of such note. After this initial 180-day period, the Company does not have a right to prepay such notes. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of certain events of default, interest accrues at a default interest rate of 24 % per annum or, if such rate is usurious or not permitted by current law, then at the highest rate of interest permitted by law. In the event that the Company fails to deliver to GS Capital shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of principal or interest under the above GS Capital notes, the penalty becomes $ 250 per day for each day that the shares are not issued beginning on the 4 th day after the conversion notice was delivered to the Company. This penalty increases to $ 500 per day beginning on the 10 th day. In the event that the Company loses the bid price of its common stock on OTC, such GS Capital note does not incur penalty and instead the outstanding principal amount increases by 20 %. The total principal outstanding and accrued interest under the above GS Capital notes were $ 75,300 and $ 4,263 , respectively, as of June 30, 2023, following conversion of $ 89,200 of the principal balance and $ 2,945 accrued interest during the year ended June 30, 2023. An aggregate total of $ 75,300 of the above GS Capital notes were bifurcated with the embedded conversion option which were recorded as derivative liabilities at fair value. The total principal outstanding and accrued interest under the above GS Capital notes were $ 110,500 and $ 8,364 , respectively, as of June 30, 2024, following conversion of $ 130,800 of the principal balance, $ 8,700 accrued interest (including $ 1,254 at default interest rate) and $ 3,832 conversion fees during the year ended June 30, 2024. The two GS Capital notes with total principal amount of $ 83,000 are currently in default and accrue at a default interest rate of 24 % per annum. At June 30, 2024, an aggregate total of $ 110,500 of the above GS Capital notes were bifurcated with the embedded conversion option which are recorded as derivative liabilities at fair value as of June 30, 2024 (see Note 12). Red Road Holdings Securities Purchase Agreement On October 6, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Red Road Purchase Agreement”) with Red Road Holdings Corporation, a Virginia corporation (“Red Road”), pursuant to which Red Road purchased a convertible promissory note (the “Red Road Note”) from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 53,750 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of common stock at the option of Red Road. The transaction contemplated by the Red Road Purchase Agreement closed on October 12, 2022. The Company used the net proceeds ($ 50,000 ) from the Red Road Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the Note was October 6, 2023. The Red Road Note bore interest at a rate of 8 % per annum, which interest was payable in shares of common stock, but was not payable until the maturity date or upon acceleration or by prepayment of the Red Road Note, as described below. In addition, upon an event of default, interest on the outstanding principal accrued at a default interest rate of 22 % per annum, or if such rate was usurious or not permitted by current law, then at the highest rate of interest permitted by law. Further, certain events of default may trigger penalty and liquidated damage provisions. Red Road had the option to convert all or any amount of the principal face amount of the Red Road Note, beginning one hundred eighty (180) days following the date of the Red Road Note and ending on the later of: (i) the maturity date of such note and (ii) the date of payment of the Default Amount (as defined in the Red Road Note), each in respect of the remaining outstanding amount of the Red Road Note, to convert all or any part of the outstanding and unpaid amount of the Note into common stock at the then-applicable conversion price. Pursuant to the terms of the Red Road Purchase Agreement, the Company paid Red Road’s legal fees and due diligence expenses in the aggregate amount of $ 3,750 which was recorded as a debt discount. The conversion price for the Red Road Note was equal to the Variable Conversion Price (subject to equitable adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends or rights offerings by the Company relating to the Company’s securities or the securities of any subsidiary of the Company, combinations, recapitalization, reclassifications, extraordinary distributions and similar events), which was defined as 65 % of the Market Price (representing a discount rate of 35 %) which was defined as the average of the lowest three (3) Trading Prices (as defined in the Red Road Note) for the common stock during the ten (10) trading days prior to the conversion date. The Red Road Note is subject to 4.99 % beneficial ownership limitations and was treated as stock settled debt under ASC 480, and accordingly the Company recorded a total of $ 28,942 put premium. The Red Road Note may be prepaid until 180 days from its issuance date, subject to the following: if prepaid within 60 days of the issuance date, the prepayment premium is 110% of the face amount of such note plus any accrued interest, if prepaid after 60 days but less than 91 days from the issuance date, then the prepayment premium is 115% of the face amount plus any accrued interest of such note., if prepaid after 90 days but less than 121 days from the issuance date, then the prepayment premium is 120% of the face amount plus any accrued interest of such note, if prepaid after 120 days but less than 151 days from the issuance date, then the prepayment premium shall be 125% of the face amount plus any accrued interest of such note, and if prepaid after 150 days but less than 181 days from the issuance date, then the prepayment premium shall be 129% of the face amount plus any accrued interest of such note . In the event that the Company failed to deliver to Red Road shares of common stock upon conversion of the Red Road Note within three business days of a notice of conversion by Red Road, the Company would incur a penalty of $ 1,000 per day. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of certain events of default, the Red Road Note will become immediately due and payable and the Company will pay Red Road in full satisfaction of its obligations in the Note an amount equal to 150% of the outstanding principal amount of the Red Road Note plus any interest accrued upon such event of default or prior events of default. F- 21 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The total principal amount outstanding and accrued interest under the above Red Road notes was $ 0 as of June 30, 2023 following conversion of $ 53,750 of the principal balance and $ 2,150 accrued interest during the year ended June 30, 2023. Accordingly, $ 28,942 of the put premium was released to additional paid in capital in respect of such purchase agreements with Red Road during the year ended June 30, 2023 following conversion of the principal balance (see Note 8). Coventry Enterprises, LLC Securities Purchase Agreement On November 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Coventry Enterprises, LLC (“Coventry”), pursuant to which the Company issued Coventry a promissory note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 125,000 , such principal and the interest thereon were convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock following an event of default (the “Coventry Note”). The Coventry Note contains a $ 25,000 original issue discount. The Company used the net proceeds of $ 100,000 from the Coventry Note for general working capital purposes. The Coventry Note bears interest at a rate of 10 % per annum, with $ 12,500 in guaranteed interest. The principal amount and the guaranteed interest is due and payable in seven equal monthly payments of $ 19,643 , commencing on March 24, 2023 and continuing on the 24th day of each month thereafter until paid in full not later than October 24, 2023, or such earlier date as the Coventry Note is required or permitted to be repaid and to pay such other interest to Coventry on the aggregate unconverted and then-outstanding principal amount of the Coventry Note in accordance with the provisions thereof. Any or all of the principal amount and guaranteed interest may be pre-paid at any time and from time to time, in each case without penalty or premium. Additionally, in the event that the Company files with the SEC a qualified offering statement on Form 1-A and such note has been outstanding for four months since its issuance, Coventry has the right to convert all or portion of such note, including guaranteed interest, into shares of common stock at the offering price used in connection with such offering. At any time following an event of default under the Coventry Note, it becomes convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the option of Coventry, at any time and from time to time thereafter (subject to the beneficial ownership limitations set forth therein). The conversion price of the Coventry Note is ninety percent (90%) per share of the lowest per-share VWAP during the twenty (20) trading-day period before the conversion (each, a “Calculated Conversion Price”). In the event that, within 30 calendar days either before or after any conversion, the conversion price of which is based upon a Calculated Conversion Price, the Company consummates (in whole or in part) any financing (whether such financing is equity, equity-equivalent, or debt or any combination thereof) or for any other reason issues any shares of common stock or any common stock equivalents at a price less than the most recent Calculated Conversion Price (the “Alternative Conversion Price”), regardless of when that note or instrument was originated, then, at the option of Coventry, (i) if the conversion has not yet occurred, then the Alternative Conversion Price will be substituted for the Calculated Conversion Price and (ii) if the conversion has occurred, then, within two trading days following Coventry’s written request, the Company is required to issue to Coventry that number of shares of Common Stock equivalent to the difference between the number of shares of Common Stock that had been issued using the Calculated Conversion Price and the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued using the Alternative Conversion Price. Accordingly, the Coventry note is treated as stock settled debt under ASC 480 and the Company recorded a total of $ 13,889 put premium during the year ended June 30, 2023. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of certain events of default, interest on the Coventry Note accrues at a default interest rate equal to the lesser of (i) 18% per annum or (ii) the maximum rate permitted by law. Subject to the beneficial ownership limitation in the Coventry Note, if any event of default occurs, then the outstanding principal amount guaranteed interest plus accrued but unpaid default rate interest, liquidated damages and other amounts owing on the Coventry Note through the date of acceleration becomes immediately due and payable at Coventry’s option, in cash or in shares of common stock at the mandatory default amount, which is equal to 120% of all such amounts due on the Coventry Note. If the Company fails to deliver to Coventry such shares, the Company is required to pay in cash an amount equal to the amount that the value of such shares exceeds the principal amount and interest of the attempted conversion. As an additional inducement to Coventry entering into such agreement, the Company issued to Coventry 75,000 shares of common stock on the issuance date of the Coventry Note, which was valued using the relative fair value method at $ 37,500 and recognized as debt discount to be amortized over the term of such note. The Company failed to make the first installment payment due in March 2023 which is considered an event of default. The Company recorded a default penalty of $ 25,000 as additional principal as of June 30, 2023. F- 22 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The total principal amount outstanding and accrued interest under the above Coventry note was $ 144,951 including the default penalty as of June 30, 2023 following conversion of $ 5,049 of the principal balance and $ 22,749 accrued interest during the year ended June 30, 2023. Accordingly, $ 561 of the put premium was released to additional paid in capital in respect of such purchase agreements with Coventry during the year ended June 30, 2023 following conversion of the principal balance. In July 2023, the Company fully paid the remaining principal of $ 142,909 and accrued interest of $ 70 for a total of $ 142,979 . The total principal amount outstanding and accrued interest under the above Coventry note was $ 0 following conversion of the principal balance of $ 2,043 and interest of $ 357 during the year ended June 30, 2024. Accordingly, $ 13,328 of the put premium was released to additional paid in capital in respect of such purchase agreements with Coventry during the year ended June 30, 2024 following conversion of the principal balance. 104 LLC Securities Purchase Agreement March 5, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement Effective March 5, 2024, the Company entered into and closed a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with 104 LLC (“104”), pursuant to which 104 agreed to purchase a convertible promissory note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 50,000 , for a purchase price of $ 46,875 , after an original issue discount of $ 3,125 . The Company paid legal and financing costs of $ 7,500 . The Company used the net proceeds therefrom for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the note is March 1, 2025 and the note bears interest at a rate of eight percent ( 8 %) per annum, which may be increased to sixteen percent ( 16 %) in the event of a default. June 20, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement Effective June 20, 2024, Company entered into and closed a securities purchase agreement with 104 LLC, pursuant to which 104 agreed to purchase a convertible promissory note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 33,750 , for a purchase price of $ 30,375 , after an original issue discount of $ 3,375 . The Company paid legal and financing costs of $ 5,200 . The Company used the net proceeds therefrom for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the note is June 20, 2025 and the note bears interest at a rate of eight percent ( 8 %) per annum, which may be increased to sixteen percent ( 16 %) in the event of a default. The principal and interest on the notes are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at the option of 104 at any time following the issuance date of the notes (the “Conversion Shares”) at a price per share equal to 65 % of the lowest closing trade price of the common stock during the ten (10) trading days prior to conversion (representing a discount of 35 %). Notwithstanding the foregoing, such conversions are subject to a 4.99 % beneficial ownership limitation and adjustments for mergers, consolidations, reorganizations and similar events set forth in the notes, other than a transfer or sale of all or substantially all Company assets. Pursuant to the notes, the Company is required to maintain an initial reserve of at least 500% of the number of conversion shares, subject to any increase of such reserved amount to reflect the Company’s obligations under the notes. The above 104 notes treated as stock settled debt under ASC 480 and accordingly the Company recorded a total of $ 45,096 was recorded as a put premium during the year ended June 30, 2024. During the first 60 days following the date of the notes, the Company has the right to prepay the principal and accrued but unpaid interest due under the notes, at a one hundred ten percent (110%) premium of the face amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, which increases to (i) one hundred fifteen percent (115%) if prepaid after 60 days, but less than 91 days from the issuance date, (ii) one hundred twenty percent (120%) if prepaid after 90 days, but less than 121 days from the issuance date, (iii) one hundred twenty five percent (125%) if prepaid after 120 days, but less than 181 days from the issuance date. After this initial 180-day period, the Company does not have a right to prepay the notes . F- 23 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The 104 notes contain certain events of default, including failure to pay principal and interest when due, failure to timely issue the conversion shares, failure to maintain the listing of the common stock on at least one of the OTC markets (which specifically includes the quotation platforms maintained by the OTC Markets Group) or an equivalent replacement exchange, failure to comply with its reporting requirements with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, a breach of certain covenants in the purchase agreement, default by the Company under any other note issued to the Investor, as well as certain customary events of default set forth in the notes, including, among others, breach of covenants, representations or warranties, insolvency, bankruptcy, and liquidation. Upon an event of default, the notes will become immediately due and payable by the Company. The total principal amount outstanding under the above 104 financing agreements was $ 83,750 and accrued interest was $ 1,429 as of June 30, 2024. Outstanding convertible notes in default Outstanding convertible notes for total principal amount of $ 83,000 with maturity dates between February 23, 2024 and April 12, 2024 are currently in default as of the date of this filing. Amortization of debt discounts The Company recorded $ 232,700 and $ 210,278 of debt discounts related to the above note issuances during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded $ 279,711 and $ 232,674 of put premiums related to the above note issuances during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The debt discounts are being amortized over the term of the debt and the put premiums are expensed on issuance of the debt with the liability released to additional paid in capital on conversion of the principal. Amortization of all debt discounts for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $ 294,005 and $ 202,952 , respectively. The Company reclassified $ 246,254 and $ 411,111 in put premiums to additional paid in capital following conversions during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. NOTE 7 – INCOME TAXES The Company follows ASC 740-10-10, under which an entity recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences or for events that were previously recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on enacted tax law provisions. The effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated. Through June 30, 2010, the Company operated exclusively in Australia. The Company was wholly subject to Australian income tax laws and regulations, which are administered by the Australian Taxation Office for the years ended June 30, 2010 and all prior years. On November 23, 2010, the Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware. In January 2011, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Propanc PTY LTD on a one-for-one basis with Propanc PTY LTD becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. As a result of these transactions, the Company is subject to the income tax laws of both the United States and Australia for the years ended June 30, 2013 through June 30, 2024. The reconciliation of income tax expense computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% to the income tax provision for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows: F- 24 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 SCHEDULE OF INCOME TAX PROVISION US June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Year Ended US June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Loss before Income taxes $ ( 1,874,914 ) $ ( 2,790,407 ) Taxes under statutory US tax rates $ ( 393,732 ) $ ( 585,986 ) Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance 306,682 556,521 Foreign tax rate differential ( 55,358 ) ( 60,316 ) Prior period adjustment 76,194 81,599 Other 66,214 8,182 Income tax (expense) benefit $ - $ - The Company reflects a tax benefit on its consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in 2024 and 2023 of $ 129,132 and $ 129,841 , respectively. These amounts are research and development tax credits and are not considered income tax. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, permits NOL carryovers and carrybacks to offset 100% of taxable income for taxable years beginning before 2021 . In addition, the CARES Act allows NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following: SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Year Ended June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Deferred tax assets Warrant Derivative Liability $ 513,071 $ 579,544 Accrued Expenses 559,723 478,273 Prepaid Investor Services 551,796 575,021 Non-cash interest 817,536 758,797 Intangibles (Intellectual Property and Patent Cost) 351,144 321,557 Deferred Rent 4,492 4,550 Formation Expense 6,553 6,553 Net Operating Loss carryforward 9,075,029 8,910,874 Gain on extinguishment of debt 97,992 47,393 Stock Based Compensation 84,028 84,028 Total Deferred tax assets $ 12,061,364 $ 11,766,590 Deferred tax liabilities Research and Development $ ( 170,435 ) $ ( 202,568 ) Foreign Exchange Loss (OCI) ( 39,379 ) ( 39,379 ) Capital Raising Costs ( 389,258 ) ( 369,033 ) Total deferred tax liabilities $ ( 599,072 ) $ ( 610,980 ) Net deferred tax assets $ 11,462,292 $ 11,155,610 Valuation allowance ( 11,462,292 ) ( 11,155,610 ) Net deferred tax assets $ - $ - F- 25 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 At June 30, 2024, the Company had U.S. net operating loss carry forwards of $ 10,601,740 that may be offset against future taxable income, subject to limitation under IRC Section 382. Of the approximately $ 10.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards, $ 7.2 million will begin to expire in 2024 and the remaining $ 3.4 million will not expire but is subject to annual usage limitations. The Australian tax rate remained at 25 % during 2023 and 2024. At June 30, 2024, the Company had Australia net operating loss carry forwards of $ 27,394,654 which can be carried forward without expiration. No tax benefit has been reported in the June 30, 2024 and 2023 consolidated financial statements due to the uncertainty surrounding the realizability of the benefit, based on a more likely than not criteria and in consideration of available positive and negative evidence. The Company applied the “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold to all tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, which resulted in no unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Management has determined that the realization of the net deferred tax asset is not assured and has created a valuation allowance for the entire amount of such benefits. The Company follows ASC 740-10, which provides guidance for the recognition and measurement of certain tax positions in an enterprise’s financial statements. Recognition involves a determination whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination with the presumption that the tax position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits as additional income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. There were no changes in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company did not recognize any interest or penalties during fiscal 2024 or 2023 related to unrecognized tax benefits. The income tax returns filed for the tax years from inception will be subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. NOTE 8 – STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT Increase in Authorized Shares of Common Stock and Reverse Stock Split On May 18, 2022, the board of directors of the Company approved and authorized, and the holders of a majority-in-interest of the Company’s voting capital stock approved by written consent for the Company to file a certificate of amendment to its certificate of incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), which increased the Company’s authorized capital stock. Such certificate of amendment increased the number of authorized shares of common stock from 1,000,000,000 to 3,000,000,000 shares. The number of authorized shares of preferred stock remained at 1,500,005 shares, such that the total number of authorized shares of capital stock increased to 3,001,500,005 shares. Such certificate of amendment was filed and became effective on July 6, 2022. On September 21, 2022, the board of directors of the Company approved and authorized, and the holders of a majority-in-interest of the Company’s voting capital stock approved by written consent for the Company to file a certificate of amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation, which increased the Company’s authorized capital stock. The Certificate increased the number of authorized shares of common stock from 3,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000 shares. The number of authorized shares of preferred stock remained at 1,500,005 , such that the total number of shares of authorized capital stock increased to 10,001,500,005 shares. Such certificate of amendment was filed and became effective on November 4, 2022. On May 1, 2023, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to its certificate of incorporation, as amended, to effect a one-for-one thousand (1:1,000) Reverse Stock Split (the “Reverse Stock Split”), effective as of May 1, 2023. Proportional adjustments for the Reverse Stock Split were made to the Company’s outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans. All share and per-share data and amounts have been retroactively adjusted as of the earliest period presented in the consolidated financial statements to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. F- 26 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Preferred Stock The total number of shares of preferred stock that the Company is authorized to issue is 1,500,005 , $ 0.01 par value per share. These preferred shares have no rights to dividends, profit sharing or liquidation preferences, subject to any such rights provided for such shares in any certificate of designation filed by the Company with the State of Delaware. Of the total preferred shares authorized, 500,000 had been designated as Series A Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”), pursuant to the Certificate of Designation for the Series A Preferred Stock filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on December 9, 2014. James Nathanielsz, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and a director, beneficially owned all of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock indirectly through North Horizon Pty Ltd., which entitled him, as a holder of Series A Preferred Stock, to vote on all matters submitted or required to be submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders, except election and removal of directors, and each share of Series A Preferred Stock entitled him to a total of 1 vote. North Horizon Pty Ltd. is a Nathanielsz Family Trust. Mr. Nathanielsz had voting and investment power over these shares. On March 15, 2023, the Company filed a certificate with the Secretary of State of Delaware (the “Certificate of Retirement”), effecting the retirement and cancellation of the Series A Preferred Stock to eliminate such Series A Preferred Stock. No shares of Series A Preferred Stock are currently outstanding as they were redeemed by the Company in March 2023. There were no shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 for both periods. Pursuant to a certificate of designation filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 16, 2015, five shares of preferred stock have been designated as Series B Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, of the Company (“Series B Preferred Stock”). Each holder of shares of Series B Preferred Stock is entitled to voting power equivalent to the number of votes equal to the total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at each meeting of stockholders of the Company and entitled to vote on all matters submitted or required to be submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Company. One share of Series B Preferred Stock is issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and 2023. Mr. Nathanielsz, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, directly beneficially owns such one share of Series B Preferred Stock. No additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock were issued during fiscal year 2024 and 2023. Common Stock Shares issued under the Equity Lines Dutchess Capital Growth Fund LP On November 30, 2021, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Dutchess Capital Growth Fund LP, a Delaware limited partnership, (“Dutchess”), providing for an equity financing facility (the “Equity Line”). The Purchase Agreement provides that upon the terms and subject to the conditions in the Purchase Agreement, Dutchess is committed to purchase up to Five Million Dollars ($ 5,000,000 ) of shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock”), over the 36 -month term of the Purchase Agreement (the “Total Commitment”). Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, Dutchess will not be obligated to purchase shares of Common Stock unless and until certain conditions are met, including but not limited to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) becoming effective which registers Dutchess’ resale of any Common Stock purchased by Dutchess under the Equity Line. From time to time over the 36-month term of the Purchase Agreement, commencing on the trading day immediately following the date on which the Registration Statement becomes effective, the Company, in our sole discretion, may provide Dutchess with a draw down notice (each, a “Draw Down Notice”), to purchase a specified number of shares of Common Stock (each, a “Draw Down Amount Requested”), subject to the limitations discussed below. The actual amount of proceeds the Company will receive pursuant to each Draw Down Notice (each, a “Draw Down Amount”) is to be determined by multiplying the Draw Down Amount Requested by the applicable purchase price. The purchase price of each share of Common Stock equals 92 % of the lowest trading price of the Common Stock during the five (5) business days prior to the Closing Date. Closing Date shall mean the five (5) business days after the Clearing Date. Clearing Date shall mean the first business day that the Selling Shareholder holds the Draw Down Amount in its brokerage account and is eligible to trade the shares. F- 27 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The maximum number of shares of Common Stock requested to be purchased pursuant to any single Draw Down Notice cannot exceed the lesser of (i) 300 % of the average daily share volume of the Common Stock in the five (5) trading days immediately preceding the Draw Down Notice or (ii) an aggregate value of $ 250,000 . On July 13, 2022, the Company issued 14,337 shares of its common stock at an average price per share of approximately $ 2 , as a result of delivering one Dutchess Draw Down Notice to Dutchess. Consequently, the Company received gross aggregate proceeds of $ 24,711 from such Dutchess Draw Down Notice. The Company received $ 23,758 of a previously recorded subscription receivable during the year ended June 30, 2023. On July 20, 2023, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “Equity Line Agreement”) with Dutchess Capital Growth Fund LP (the “Investor”) providing for an equity financing facility, pursuant to which Company has the option to request that the Investor commit to purchase up to $ 5,000,000 of the Company’s shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), over a 24 -month term commencing on the date on which a registration statement filed by the Company to register the offer and resale of the Shares by the Investor (the “Registration Statement”) is declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Pursuant to the Equity Line Agreement, the Company has the option to exercise this right by providing a notice (a “Drawdown Notice”) from the Company to the Investor setting forth the number of Shares that the Investor will purchase. The Company has agreed to use the proceeds from such issuances for the purpose of financing its research and product development activities, finished product manufacture for clinical studies, working capital requirements and general corporate purposes. Pursuant to the Equity Line Agreement, purchases of Shares cannot occur unless and until certain conditions are met, including but not limited to, the SEC declaring the Registration Statement effective, and the maximum number of Shares that may be purchased pursuant to a Drawdown Notice cannot exceed the lesser of (i) 200% of the average daily traded value of the Common Stock during the five (5) business days immediately preceding a Drawdown Notice or (ii) $200,000; provided that in no event may a Drawdown Notice be for less than $5,000, exceed 52,500,000 Shares or cause the Investor’s ownership to exceed 4.99% of the outstanding number of shares of Common Stock immediately prior to the issuance of such Shares. The actual amount of proceeds that the Company will receive in connection with each Drawdown Notice is determined under the Equity Line Agreement by multiplying the number of Shares to be sold by the applicable purchase price per share, which is equal to 85% of the lowest traded price of the Common Stock during the 7 business days immediately following the Clearing Date, less Clearing Costs (as each such term is defined in the Equity Line Agreement) . On December 13, 2023, the Company issued 1,390,008 shares of its common stock at an average price per share of approximately $ 0.006 , as a result of delivering one draw down notice to the Investor for a subscription receivable of $ 8,822 . The Company collected the subscription receivable of $ 8,822 in January 2024. On February 20, 2024, the Company issued 1,755,240 shares of its common stock at an average price per share of approximately $ 0.0013 , as a result of delivering one draw down notice to the Investor for $ 2,260 . On June 11, 2024, the Company issued 15,768,400 shares of its common stock at an average price per share of approximately $ 0.0008 as a result of delivering one draw down notice to the Investor for $ 11,975 . Coventry Enterprises, LLC On November 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Coventry Purchase Agreement”) with Coventry providing for an equity financing facility (the “Coventry Equity Line”). The Purchase Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions in the Purchase Agreement, Coventry is committed to purchase up to Five Million Dollars ($ 5,000,000 ) of shares of common stock over the 36 month term of the Purchase Agreement. Under the terms of the Coventry Purchase Agreement, Coventry will not be obligated to purchase shares of common stock unless and until certain conditions are met, including but not limited to a registration statement on Form S-1 becoming effective which registers Coventry’s resale of any common stock purchased by Coventry under the Coventry Equity Line. From time to time over the 36-month term of the Coventry Purchase Agreement, commencing on the trading day immediately following the date on which such registration statement becomes effective, the Company, in its sole discretion, may provide Coventry with a draw down notice (each, a “Coventry Draw Down Notice”), to purchase a specified number of shares of common stock (each, a “Coventry Draw Down Amount Requested”), subject to the limitations discussed below. The actual amount of proceeds the Company will receive pursuant to each Coventry Draw Down Notice (each, a “Coventry Draw Down Amount”) is to be determined by multiplying the Coventry Draw Down Amount Requested by the applicable purchase price. The purchase price of each share of common stock equals 80% of the lowest volume weighted average price of the Common Stock during the 10 business days immediately preceding the Coventry Drawdown Notice date. F- 28 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The maximum number of shares of common stock requested to be purchased pursuant to any single Coventry Draw Down Notice cannot exceed the lesser of (i) 200 % of the average daily traded value of the common stock during the 10 business days immediately preceding the Coventry Draw Down Notice, (ii) $ 250,000 or (iii) an amount that would cause Coventry’s beneficial ownership to exceed 9.99 % of the outstanding number of shares of common stock immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Coventry Draw Down Notice. During the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company has not received a Coventry Draw Down Notice. Shares issued for conversion of convertible debt During the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of 5,061,180 shares of its common stock and common stock issuable of 807,230 at average contractual conversion price of $ 0.17 , as a result of the conversion of principal of $ 935,699 , interest of $ 80,586 and conversion fees $ 1,838 underlying certain outstanding convertible notes converted during the year. The common stock issuable of 807,230 shares were issued in July 2023. Included in the above conversion during the year ended June 30, 2023 were principal aggregate amount of convertible notes of $ 168,200 , accrued interest of $ 16,632 and conversion fees of $ 1,838 containing bifurcated embedded conversion option derivatives were converted into common stock. Accordingly, the fair market value of the shares issued upon conversion was $ 556,272 , resulting in a loss on extinguishment at the time of conversion of $ 369,602 and $ 352,051 of derivative liability fair value was recorded as a gain on extinguishment at the time of conversion, resulting in a net loss of $ 17,551 which is included in gain on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 445,963,937 shares of its common stock at average contractual conversion price of $ 0.0013 , as a result of the conversion of principal of $ 531,654 , interest of $ 28,829 and conversion fees $ 3,832 underlying certain outstanding convertible notes converted during the year. Included in the above conversion during the year ended June 30, 2024 were aggregate principal amounts of convertible notes of $ 130,800 , accrued interest of $ 8,700 and conversion fees of $ 3,832 containing bifurcated embedded conversion option derivatives. Accordingly, the fair market value of the shares issued upon conversion was $ 352,565 , resulting in a loss on extinguishment at the time of conversion of $ 209,233 and $ 263,798 of derivative liability fair value was recorded as a gain on extinguishment at the time of conversion, resulting in a net gain of $ 54,565 which is included in gain on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company has 6,973,534,490 shares of its common stock reserved for future issuances based on lender reserve requirements pursuant to underlying financing agreements at June 30, 2024. Shares issued for services and accrued expenses On October 25, 2022, the Company issued 6,111 shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered in October 2022. The Company valued these shares based on quoted trading prices on the date of grant at $ 0.90 per share or $ 5,500 which was recorded as stock-based consulting expense during the year ended June 30, 2023. On November 16, 2022, the Company issued 73,301 shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered from July 2022 to November 2022. Those shares were valued at approximately $ 0.07 per share or $ 51,311 , being the closing price of the stock on the date of grant to such consultant. The Company recorded stock-based compensation of $ 51,311 during the year ended June 30, 2023. On June 30, 2023, the Board approved the issuance of 608,423 shares of the Company’s common stock to a consultant for services rendered from April 2023 to June 2023. The 608,423 shares was reflected as common stock issuable and was valued at approximately $ 0.135 per share or $ 82,137 , being the closing price of the stock on the date of grant to such consultant. The Company recorded stock-based compensation of $ 82,137 during the year ended June 30, 2023. The common stock issuable of 608,423 shares were issued on July 10, 2023. Shares issued for exercise of warrants During the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company received aggregate gross proceeds of $ 475,000 from the exercise of approximately 12 Series B Warrants with an exercise price of $ 40,000 per share and issued 12 shares of common stock. During the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of 559,999 shares of common stock and common stock issuable of 206,000 from the alternate cashless exercise of 0.97 Series A warrants with an original exercise price of $ 200,000 and alternate cashless exercise price of $ 0.001 or the par value of common stock. F- 29 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 During the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 6,272,000 shares of common stock from the alternate cashless exercise of 0.0314 Series A warrants with an original exercise price of $ 200,000 and alternate cashless exercise price of $ 0.001 or the par value of common stock. The Alternate Cashless Exercise provision, for a cashless conversion at the holder’s option, is available should the trading price of the Company’s common stock fall below $ 200,000 per share calculated based on the difference between the exercise price of the Series A Warrant and 70 % of the market price. The Company recognized the value of the effect of a down round feature in such warrants when triggered. Upon the occurrence of the triggering event that resulted in a reduction of the strike price, the Company measured the value of the effect of the feature as the difference between the fair value of the warrants without the down round feature or before the strike price reduction and the fair value of the warrants with a strike price corresponding to the reduced strike price upon the down round feature being triggered. Accordingly, the Company recognized deemed dividend of $ 192,960 and $ 466,273 , during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and a corresponding reduction of income available to common stockholders upon the alternate cashless exercise of these warrants. Shares issued in connection with a convertible note On November 3, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Coventry, pursuant to which Coventry purchased a promissory note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 125,000 (see Note 6). As an additional inducement to the Coventry purchasing the note, the Company, as of the original issue date and for no additional consideration, issued to Coventry an aggregate of 75,000 shares of the common stock, which were valued using the relative fair value method at $ 37,500 and recognized as debt discount to be amortized over the term of the Coventry Note. Restricted Stock Units Pursuant to employment agreements dated in May 2019, the Company granted an aggregate of 0.078 and 0.039 restricted stock unit to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer, respectively. The total 0.117 restricted stock units are subject to vesting terms as defined in the employment agreements. The 0.117 restricted stock units were valued at the fair value of approximately $ 4,250,000 per unit or $ 497,240 based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant. There were $ 248,620 unrecognized restricted stock units expense as of June 30, 2024 and 2023. There are 0.06 unvested restricted stock units which are subject to various performance conditions which have not yet been met and such restricted stock units have not yet vested as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 to which the $ 248,620 relates. Stock Options A summary of the Company’s stock option activity during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is presented below: SCHEDULE OF SHARE BASED COMPENSATION STOCK OPTIONS ACTIVITY Weighted Number of Average Options Price Per Share Outstanding at June 30, 2022 0.059 $ 4,533,000 Issued - - Exercised - - Expired - - Outstanding at June 30, 2023 0.059 $ 4,533,000 Issued - - Exercised - - Expired - - Outstanding at June 30, 2024 0.059 $ 4,533,000 Exercisable at June 30, 2024 0.059 $ 4,533,000 Outstanding and Exercisable: Weighted average remaining contractual term 4.87 Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period $ - Aggregate intrinsic value $ - On the Effective Date, the Company’s board of directors approved and adopted the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which reserves a total of 234 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance under the 2019 Plan. Incentive awards authorized under the 2019 Plan include, but are not limited to, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. F- 30 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 During the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $ 0 for both periods from vested stock options. There was $ 0 of unvested stock options expense as of June 30, 2024. No stock options were granted during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Stock Warrants The following table summarizes common stock warrant activity for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023: SCHEDULE OF WARRANT ACTIVITY Weighted Number of Average Warrants Price Per Share Outstanding at June 30, 2022 105 $ 200,270 Issued 3,305 10 Exercised ( 13 ) 52,081 Forfeited ( 1 ) 2,000,000 Expired - - Outstanding at June 30, 2023 3,396 $ 5,440 Issued 15,000,000 0.01 Exercised - - Forfeited - - Expired - - Outstanding at June 30, 2024 15,003,396 * $ 1.24 Exercisable at June 30, 2024 15,003,378 $ 1.24 Outstanding and Exercisable: Weighted average remaining contractual term 2.01 Aggregate intrinsic value $ - * The total warrants of 15,003,396 above which are exercisable into common stock consisted of the following: SCHEDULE OF WARRANT OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE Number of Warrants Exercisable Series A warrants 10 10 Series B warrants 17 17 Series C warrants 64 46 Common stock warrants with no class designation 15,003,305 15,003,305 Total 15,003,396 15,003,378 In connection with the issuance of shares on April 3, 2020, the Company closed on a transaction related to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) entered into on March 30, 2020, whereby an investor purchased from the Company, 7.5 units, each consisting of (i) 1.5 shares of the Company’s common stock, or pre-funded warrants upon Investor’s election due to the 4.99% blocker provision and (ii) 1.5 warrants to purchase one share of Common Stock (“Series A Warrants”, and collectively with the Common Stock the “Units”). In addition to the Units, the Investor was issued 64 warrants to purchase one share of Common Stock (the “Series B Warrants”) and an additional 64 warrants to purchase one share of Common Stock, subject to a vesting schedule (the “Series C Warrants” and, together with the Prefunded Warrants, the Series A Warrants, and the Series B Warrants, the “Warrants”). Due to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, the Company granted 10 Prefunded Warrants with exercise price of $ 100 (but can be less than par value). The Prefunded Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and shall expire when exercised in full. Series A Warrants Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement entered into March 20, 2020 as discussed above, the Investor purchased Series A Warrants to purchase up to 11 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment as provided therein. The Series A Warrants have a cash exercise price of $ 200,000 per share and are immediately exercisable and expire in 3 years (see extension noted below). The Series A Warrants contain a provision for cashless exercise in the event there is no effective registration statement registering the shares underlying the Series A Warrants calculated based on the difference between the exercise price of the Series A Warrant and the trading price of the stock (the “Cashless Exercise”). Additionally, the Series A Warrants contain a provision for a cashless conversion at the Holder’s option should the trading price of the Common Stock fall below $200,000, per share calculated based on the difference between the exercise price of the Series A Warrant and 70% of the Market Price, as defined therein (the” Alternate Cashless Exercise”). The Alternate Cashless Exercise price is $0.001. See above “Shares issued for exercise of warrants” for discussion of deemed dividend related to alternate cashless exercise . F- 31 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Series B Warrants Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement entered into March 20, 2020 as discussed above, the Investor purchased Series B Warrants to purchase up to 64 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment as provided therein; provided, however, commencing on the 90th day following the effective date, the Company may reduce the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise thereof by 38 upon 10 Trading Days’ prior written notice to the Holder provided that the Company issues to the Holder 4 shares of Common Stock (or, at the election of the Holder, an equivalent number of pre-funded warrants) and Series A Warrants to purchase up to 4 shares of Common Stock, which shares shall be issued pursuant to a registration statement without restrictions on resale. The Series B Warrants have a cash exercise price of $ 40,000 per share and expire in 3 years (see extension noted below). The Series B Warrants contain a provision for Cashless Exercise. Series C Warrants Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement entered into March 20, 2020 as discussed above, the Investor purchased Series C Warrants to purchase up to 64 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment as provided therein and expire in 3 years (see extension noted below). The Series C Warrants have a cash exercise price of $ 200,000 per share, subject to a vesting schedule, which is based on such Holder’s exercise of the Series B Warrants (warrants shall be exercisable ratably upon exercise of Series B Warrants). The Series C Warrants contain provisions for Cashless Exercise and Alternate Cashless Exercise. See above “Shares issued for exercise of warrants” for discussion of deemed dividend related to alternate cashless exercise. Letter Agreement to Extend Termination Dates. On March 8, 2023, the Company agreed with the holder of Series B Warrants (the “Holder”) pursuant to a letter agreement to exercise up to $ 250 of Series B Warrants currently held as follows: 1. Effective upon the execution of such letter agreement, the Holder will exercise 4 Series B Warrants for an aggregate exercise price of $ 150,000 , or 4 shares of common stock (the “Existing Warrants”) and; 2. Within 5 business days’ written notice to the Holder from the Company of receipt of approval by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) of the Company’s next anticipated reverse stock split, an additional $ 100,000 of Series B Warrants for 3 shares of common stock. As an inducement to exercise the Existing Warrants, the Company agreed to extend the termination date of the Existing Warrants and the Series A Warrants held by the Holder to March 27, 2025, and to extend the termination date of the Series C Warrants held by the Holder to the third anniversary of the last vesting date of such warrants, effective upon the exercise of the first $ 150,000 of Existing Warrants. In accordance with ASC 815-40-35-17(c), the effect of a modification or an exchange of an equity classified freestanding written call option shall be measured as the difference between the fair value of the modified instrument and the fair value of that instrument immediately before it is modified. The Company recognized the effect of the modifications of the warrants above that is directly attributable to an actual equity offering as an equity issuance cost which amount is not material. The modified warrants are determined to be equity classified, accordingly, the incremental fair value and equity issuance cost were both recognized in additional paid in capital and therefore, there was no effect in equity and such value is de minimis. Warrants Issued to Vendors On August 16, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with a certain consultant to provide services over a three-month period in exchange for 1,000 warrants to purchase common stock at $ 10 per share with an expiry date of August 16, 2025 . The fair market value of the warrants was $ 2,408 on the date of grant as calculated under the Black Scholes Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price at valuation date of $ 2.60 based on quoted trading price on date of grant, exercise price of $ 10 , dividend yield of zero , years to maturity of 3.00 , a risk-free rate of 3.19 %, and expected volatility 236 %. The Company recorded $ 2,408 of stock-based compensation expenses with respect to the grant of such warrants during the year ended June 30, 2023. On August 16, 2022, the Company and a third-party investor relations consultant agreed to settle an outstanding payable of $ 23,050 in exchange for 2,305 warrants to purchase common stock at $ 10 per share with an expiry date of August 16, 2025. The fair market value of the warrants was $ 5,551 on the date of grant as calculated under the Black Scholes Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price at valuation date of $ 2.60 based on quoted trading price on date of grant, exercise price of $ 10 , dividend yield of zero , years to maturity of 3.00 , a risk-free rate of 3.19 %, and expected volatility of 236 %. Accordingly, the Company recognized gain from settlement of debt of $ 17,499 during the year ended June 30, 2023 as reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. F- 32 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Warrants Granted to Lender – Related Party July 5, 2023, the Company and an institutional investor affiliated with one of our directors, Josef Zelinger, entered into a letter agreement, pursuant to which such investor loaned the Company an aggregate of $ 230,000 AUD ($ 153,256 USD). Pursuant to such agreement, the term of such loan is three (3) years, ending on July 5, 2026, with an interest rate of 10% to be paid monthly in arrears. In connection with such loan, the Company issued 15,000,000 warrants to purchase common stock to such investor immediately exercisable at an initial exercise price of $ 0.01 per share (subject to certain adjustments such as stock dividend, stock splits, subsequent right offering and pro-rata distribution) with an expiry date of July 5, 2026. The Company accounted for the 15,000,000 warrants issued with this loan payable by using the relative fair value method. The total debt discount which is equivalent to the relative fair value of the warrants of $ 141,084 using a Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions: stock price at valuation date of $ 0.119 based on the closing price of common stock at date of grant, exercise price of $ 0.01 , dividend yield of zero , expected term of 3.00 , a risk-free rate of 4.59 %, and expected volatility of 268 % and was recorded to additional paid in capital (see Note 5). Exercise of Warrants During the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company received aggregate gross proceeds of $ 475,000 from the exercise of approximately 12 Series B Warrants with an exercise price of $ 40,000 per share and issued 12 shares of common stock. During the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of 559,999 shares of common stock and common stock issuable of 206,000 from the alternate cashless exercise of 0.97 Series A warrants with an original exercise price of $ 200,000 and alternate cashless exercise price of $ 0.001 or the par value of common stock. During the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 6,272,000 shares of common stock from the alternate cashless exercise of 0.0314 Series A warrants with an original exercise price of $ 200,000 and alternate cashless exercise price of $ 0.001 or the par value of common stock. NOTE 9 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Legal Matters From time to time, the Company may be subject to litigation and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and the Company is not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceeding against the Company that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition. IRS Liability As part of its requirement for having a foreign operating subsidiary, the Company is required to file an informational Form 5471 to the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), which is a form that explains the nature of the relationship between the foreign subsidiary and the parent company. From 2012 through the 2014, the Company did not file this form in a timely manner. As a result of the non-timely filings, the Company incurred a penalty from the IRS in the amount of $ 10,000 per year, or $ 30,000 in total, plus accrued interest, such penalty and interest having been accrued and is included in the accrued expenses and other payable figure on the June 30, 2024 and 2023 consolidated balance sheets. The Company recorded the penalties for all three years during the year ended June 30, 2018. The Company is current on all subsequent filings. Operating Agreements In November 2009, the Company entered into a commercialization agreement with the University of Bath (UK) (the “UK University”), whereby the Company and the UK University co-owned the intellectual property relating to the Company’s pro-enzyme formulations. In June 2012, the Company and the UK University entered into an assignment and amendment whereby the Company assumed full ownership of the intellectual property, while agreeing to pay royalties of 2 % of net revenues to the UK University. Additionally, the Company agreed to pay 5 % of each and every license agreement subscribed for. The contract is cancellable at any time by either party. To date, no amounts are owed under the agreement. F- 33 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Collaboration Agreement On September 13, 2018, the Company entered into a two-year collaboration agreement with the University of Jaén (the “University”) to provide certain research services to the Company. In consideration of such services, the Company agreed to pay the University approximately 52,000 Euros ($ 59,508 USD) in year one and a maximum of 40,000 Euros ($ 45,775 USD) in year two. Additionally, in exchange for full ownership of the intellectual property, the Company agreed to pay royalties of 2 % of net revenues to the University. On October 1, 2020, the Company entered into another two-year collaboration agreement with the University to provide certain research services to the Company. In consideration of such services, the Company agreed to pay the University approximately 30,000 Euros ($ 35,145 USD), which were paid in four installment payment of 5,000 Euros in November 2020, 5,000 Euros ($ 5,858 ) in March 2021, 10,000 Euros ($ 11,715 ) in December 2021 and 10,000 Euros ($ 11,715 ) in September 2022. Additionally, the University agreed to hire and train a doctoral student for this project and the Company agreed to pay the University 25,837 Euros ($ 30,268 USD). In exchange for full ownership of the intellectual property, the Company agreed to pay royalties of 2 % of net revenues to the University. On July 27, 2022, the Company entered into a two-year research agreement with the University to provide certain research and experiment services to the Company. One of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Board is the lead joint researcher of the University. In exchange for full ownership of the intellectual property, the Company agreed to pay royalties of 1 % of net revenues each to two members of the Scientific Advisory Board. In consideration of such services, the Company agreed to pay the University approximately 53,200 Euros ($ 53,806 USD) payable as follows: - 18,200 Euros ($ 18,407 USD) upon execution (paid in August 2022), - 8,000 Euros ($ 8,091 USD) in September 2022 (unpaid), - 7,000 Euros ($ 7,080 USD) in December 2022 (unpaid), - 10,000 Euros ($ 10,114 USD) in March 2023 (unpaid), and - 10,000 Euros ($ 10,114 USD) in July 2023 (unpaid). The commencement date for the experiments was on September 1, 2022, and the estimated length of time for completion is 24 months. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company has $ 47,531 and $ 18,056 , respectively, balance due to the University for unreimbursed lab fees, which are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, there are no royalty fees owed to the University. Consulting Agreements On July 1, 2022, the Company and a consultant agreed to extend the term of a consulting agreement from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 to provide media-related services for a monthly fee of $ 50,000 . In addition, the Company agreed to pay a stock fee equal to 9.9 % of the outstanding common stock of the Company during the term of the agreement. The Company agreed to increase the consultant’s diluted holdings back to 9.9 % and accrue the value of the common stock at each reporting period until June 30, 2023. All service fees are non-refundable. In November 2022, the Company and the consultant agreed to discontinue the monthly cash portion fee. On November 16, 2022, the Company issued 73,301 shares of common stock to this consultant for services rendered from July 2022 to November 2022. Additionally, on June 30, 2023, the Board approved the issuance of 608,423 shares of the Company’s common stock to this consultant for services rendered from April 2023 to June 2023. The Company did not renew this agreement after the end of the term on June 30, 2023. Accordingly, the Company has $ 0 balance owed to such consultant as of June 30, 2024. On May 4, 2024, the Company entered into an Engagement Agreement (the “Agreement”) with EF Hutton LLC (the “Consultant”) which will act as an exclusive lead underwriter, financial advisor, placement agent and investment banker of the Company, whereby the Consultant will assist the Company to a public offering and uplisting of the Company’s equity, debt or equity derivative instruments (“Offering”). The engagement period shall end on the earlier of i) 12 months from the date of this agreement or ii) the final closing if any of the Offering. The Consultant will prepare an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) covering the sale of up to $ 15 million of equity, equity derivatives, and equity linked instruments of the Company. The Company shall pay compensation for: (a) Financing Fees: (i) For private equity and equity-linked placements, pay the Consultant a cash fee of eight percent ( 8.0 %) of the amount of capital raised, invested or committed, payable in cash at the closing or closings of the financing to which it relates; and F- 34 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 (ii) For debt placements, pay the Consultant a cash fee of six percent ( 6.0 %) of the amount of capital raised, invested or committed, payable in cash at the closing or closings of the financing to which it relates. (iii) As additional compensation for EF Hutton’s services, the Company shall issue to the Consultant or its designees at the closing warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase that number of shares of Common Stock equal to three percent ( 3.0 %) of the aggregate proceeds sold in an offering. The Warrants will be exercisable at any time in whole or in part, during the five years (5) years from the effective date of the Offering at a price per share equal to the Offering price. The Warrants will provide for piggyback registration rights, Black Scholes change in control provisions and customary anti-dilution provisions and adjustments in the number and price of such warrants and the shares underlying such warrants resulting from corporate events which would include dividends, reorganizations, mergers, etc. and future issuance of Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents at prices or with exercise and/or conversion prices below the offering price as permitted under FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(G). Additionally, the Consultant shall be entitled to a cash fee equal to eight percent ( 8.0 %) of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of any equity, debt and/or equity derivative instruments to any investor introduced by the Consultant to the Company during the engagement period, in connection with any public or private financing or capital raise. (b) Merger, acquisition or sale of stock or assets (the “M&A Transaction”) Fees: The M&A Transaction fees shall be payable to the Consultant in cash at the closing or closings of the M&A Transaction to which it relates and shall be equal to five percent ( 5.0 %) of M&A Transaction consideration. The Company will be responsible for and will pay all expenses relating to the Offering as defined in the Agreement. Additionally, the Company will provide an expense advance (the “Advance”) to the Consultant of $ 50,000 , of which $ 25,000 was payable upon the execution of the Agreement and $ 25,000 of which is payable upon the initial filing of a registration statement. The Company paid $ 25,000 in May 2024 and has been recorded as deferred offering cost as of June 30, 2024. Operating Leases – Related Party On May 4, 2022, the Company entered in a three -year lease agreement with North Horizon Pty Ltd., a related party, for a monthly rent of $ 3,000 AUD or $ 2,176 USD (depending on exchange rate) per month plus taxes. On May 4, 2022, the Company recorded right-of-use assets $ 66,201 and total lease liabilities of $ 66,201 based on an incremental borrowing rate of 8 %. ROU is summarized below: SCHEDULE OF RIGHT OF USE ASSET June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Office lease $ 66,201 $ 66,201 Less: accumulated amortization ( 48,402 ) ( 27,213 ) Right-of-use asset, net $ 17,799 $ 38,988 Operating Lease liabilities are summarized below: SCHEDULE OF OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Office lease $ 66,201 $ 66,201 Reduction of lease liability ( 46,839 ) ( 25,418 ) Less: office lease, current portion ( 19,362 ) ( 21,505 ) Long term portion of lease liability $ - $ 19,278 Remaining future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease at June 30, 2024 are as follows: SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM LEASE PAYMENTS Fiscal Year 2025 $ 20,079 Imputed interest ( 717 ) Total operating lease liability $ 19,362 The weighted average remaining lease term for the operating lease is 0.76 years as of June 30, 2024. F- 35 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 NOTE 10 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES Since its inception, the Company has conducted transactions with its directors and entities related to such directors. These transactions have included the following: As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company owed its former director a total of $ 29,759 and $ 29,630 , respectively, related to expenses paid on behalf of the Company related to corporate startup costs and intellectual property (see Note 4). As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company owed its former director a total of $ 49,528 and $ 49,314 , respectively, for money loaned to the Company, throughout the years. The total loans balance owed at June 30, 2024 and 2023 is not interest bearing (see Note 5). Effective May 5, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement for the lease of its principal executive offices with North Horizon Pty Ltd., a related party, of which Mr. Nathanielsz, our CEO, CFO and a director, and his wife are owners and directors. The lease had a five-year term and provided for annual rental payments of $ 39,600 AUD or $ 28,325 USD, which includes $ 3,600 AUD or $ 2,575 USD of goods and service tax for total payments of $ 198,000 AUD or $ 141,629 USD during the term of the lease. Such lease expired in May 2021 and was renewed for another one-year term from May 2021 to May 2022. On May 4, 2022, the Company entered into a three-year lease agreement with North Horizon Pty Ltd. for a monthly rent of $ 3,000 AUD or $ 2,176 USD (depending on exchange rate) per month plus taxes (See Note 9). As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, total rent payable of $ 194,129 AUD ($ 129,930 USD) and $ 158,129 AUD ($ 105,377 USD), respectively, was included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Rent expense under those lease was $ 34,150 and $ 28,841 in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively and reflected as occupancy expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Loans payable - Related Party In November 2023, an institutional investor affiliated with one of our directors, Josef Zelinger, loaned the Company an aggregate of $ 71,629 . These loans bear no interest and are payable on demand (see Note 5). Loan payable -long-term- Related Party July 5, 2023, the Company and an institutional investor affiliated with one of our directors, Josef Zelinger, entered into a letter agreement, pursuant to which such investor loaned the Company an aggregate of $ 230,000 AUD ($ 153,256 USD). Pursuant to such agreement, the term of such loan is three (3) years, ending on July 5, 2026 , with an interest rate of 10 % to be paid monthly in arrears. In connection with such loan, the Company issued 15,000,000 warrants to purchase common stock to such investor immediately exercisable at an initial exercise price of $ 0.01 per share (subject to certain adjustments such as stock dividend, stock splits, subsequent right offering and pro-rata distribution) with an expiry date of July 5, 2026 (see Note 5). Employment and Services Agreements with Management The Company and Mr. Nathanielsz entered into an employment agreement as of February 25, 2015 (the “Nathanielsz Employment Agreement”) setting forth the terms and conditions of Mr. Nathanielsz’s employment as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. The Nathanielsz Employment Agreement was scheduled to expire on February 25, 2019 ; however, the term of the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement automatically renews for successive one-year periods unless either party provides 30 days’ prior written notice of his or its intent not to renew. The Nathanielsz Employment Agreement continues in effect as of June 30, 2023, as amended on October 26, 2022 (see below). The Nathanielsz Employment Agreement provides Mr. Nathanielsz with a base salary of $ 25,000 AUD per month ($ 300,000 AUD annually or $ 205,680 USD) and a monthly contribution to Mr. Nathanielsz’s pension equal to 9.5 % of his monthly salary. Mr. Nathanielsz has the ability to convert any accrued but unpaid salary into common stock at the end of each fiscal year at a conversion price to be determined by Mr. Nathanielsz and the Company, which will in no event be lower than par value or higher than the closing bid price on the date of conversion. Pursuant to the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement, Mr. Nathanielsz is entitled to an annual discretionary bonus in an amount up to 200 % of his annual base salary, which bonus shall be determined by the Company’s board of directors based upon the performance of the Company. On March 16, 2018, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase of Mr. Nathanielsz’s annual base salary from $ 300,000 AUD ($ 205,680 USD) to $ 400,000 AUD ($ 274,240 USD), effective February 2018. On August 1, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase of Mr. Nathanielsz’s annual base salary from $ 400,000 AUD ($ 309,313 USD) to $ 600,000 AUD ($ 414,900 USD), effective July 1, 2022. Mr. Nathanielsz’s wife, Sylvia Nathanielsz, is and has been a non-executive, part-time employee of the Company since October 2015. Effective February 1, 2018, Mrs. Nathanielsz receives an annual salary of $ 120,000 AUD ($ 80,904 USD) and is entitled to customary benefits. F- 36 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Pursuant to a February 25, 2016 board resolution, James Nathanielsz was paid $ 4,481 AUD ($ 3,205 USD), on a monthly basis for the purpose of acquiring and maintaining an automobile. For the year ended June 30, 2022, a total of $ 7,689 AUD ($ 5,577 USD) in payments have been made with respect to Mr. Nathanielsz’s car allowance which expired in August 2022. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, $ 17,714 USD and $ 3,344 USD, respectively, was paid to Mr. Nathanielsz for use of a vehicle. On August 12, 2021, the Board approved a bonus of $ 177,840 USD. A total of $ 221,890 AUD ($ 166,418 USD) in payments were made against the bonuses during the year ended June 30, 2021 resulting in a remaining balance of $ 422,610 AUD ($ 316,957 USD) bonus payable as of June 30, 2021 which was included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. On August 12, 2021, pursuant to the Cancellation Agreement, Mr. Nathanielsz agreed to cancel $ 177,840 of the bonus payable in exchange for 5,928,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. On August 1, 2022, the Board approved a bonus of $ 140,000 AUD or $ 96,810 USD. A total of $ 144,166 AUD ($ 99,691 USD) in payments were made in respect of the bonuses during the year ended June 30, 2022 resulting in a remaining balance of $ 181,324 AUD ($ 125,386 USD) bonus payable as of June 30, 2022, which was included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. A total of $ 73,387 AUD ($ 48,905 USD) in payments were made in respect of the bonuses during the year ended June 30, 2023, resulting in a remaining balance of $ 107,937 AUD ($ 71,929 USD) bonus payable as of June 30, 2023 which was included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. A total of $ 25,000 AUD ($ 16,070 USD) in payments were made in respect of the bonuses during the year ended June 30, 2024. In January 2024, the Board approved a bonus of $ 150,000 AUD or $ 102,195 USD resulting in a remaining balance of $ 217,540 AUD ($ 145,599 USD) bonus payable as of June 30, 2024 which was included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Amended and Restated Employment Agreement On May 14, 2019 (the “Effective Date”), the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (the “Employment Agreement”) with Mr. Nathanielsz for a term of three years , subject to automatic one-year renewals, at an annual salary of $ 400,000 AUD ($ 309,313 USD). Pursuant to the Employment Agreement, Mr. Nathanielsz was granted options to purchase 0.04 shares of common stock (the “Nathanielsz Options”), with an exercise price per share of $ 4,675,000 ( 110 % of the closing market price of the common stock on May 14, 2019 (or $ 4,250,000 ), the date of approval of such grant by the Board), (ii) 0.04 restricted stock units of the Company (the “Initial Nathanielsz RSUs”), and (iii) an additional 0.04 restricted stock units of the Company (the “Additional Nathanielsz RSUs”). Such options and restricted stock units were granted pursuant to the 2019 Plan approved by the Board on the Effective Date. The Nathanielsz Options have a term of 10 years from the date of grant. The Nathanielsz Options and Additional Nathanielsz RSU’s are subject to vesting periods pursuant to the Employment Agreement. There are 0.04 vested options and 0.04 restricted stock units that are considered issuable as of June 30, 2024 and 2023. On October 26, 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (the “Amended Agreement”) with Mr. Nathanielsz, effective as of July 1, 2022, (the “2022 Effective Date”). The Amended Agreement provides Mr. Nathanielsz with a base salary of $ 600,000 AUD ($ 414,900 USD) per annum. The Company has also agreed to pay Mr. Nathanielsz an annual discretionary bonus in an amount up to 100 % of his annual base salary, reduced from 200 %, which bonus shall be determined by the Board and based upon the performance of the Company. The Amended Agreement has a term of three (3) years from the 2022 Effective Date, with automatic one-year renewal periods unless either party elects not to renew. Amended and Restated Employment Agreement On May 14, 2019, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Services Agreement (the “Services Agreement”) with Dr. Kenyon, the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer and a director, for a term of three years , subject to automatic one-year renewals, at an annual salary of $ 54,000 AUD ($ 41,580 USD). In connection with the execution of the Services Agreement, Dr. Kenyon was designated as an executive officer of the Company and assumed a more active executive role with the Company. Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Dr. Kenyon was granted options to purchase 0.02 shares of common stock (the “Kenyon Options”), with an exercise price per share of $ 4,250,000 ( 100 % of the closing market price of the common stock on May 14, 2019, the date of approval of such grant by the Board), (ii) 0.02 restricted stock units of the Company (the “Initial Kenyon RSUs”), and (iii) an additional 0.02 restricted stock units of the Company (the “Additional Kenyon RSUs”). Such options and restricted stock units were granted pursuant to the 2019 Plan. The Kenyon Options have a term of 10 years from the date of grant. The Kenyon Options and Additional Kenyon RSU’s are subject to vesting periods pursuant to the Services Agreement. There are 0.02 vested options and 0.02 vested restricted stock unit that are considered issuable as of June 30, 2024 and 2023. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, total accrued salaries of $ 148,000 AUD ($ 97,044 USD) and $$ 96,000 AUD ($ 64,627 USD), respectively, were included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. F- 37 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Intercompany Loans All intercompany loans were made by the parent to the Company’s subsidiary, Propanc PTY LTD, none of which has been repaid as of June 30, 2024. Effective fiscal year 2021, the parent company determined that intercompany loans will not be repaid in the foreseeable future and thus, per ASC 830-20-35-3, gains and losses from measuring the intercompany balances are recorded within cumulative translation adjustment on the consolidated balance sheet as accumulated other comprehensive income. NOTE 11 – CONCENTRATIONS AND RISKS Concentration of Credit Risk The Company maintains its cash in banks and financial institutions in Australia. Bank deposits in Australian banks are uninsured. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts through June 30, 2024. In fiscal 2023, the Company primarily relied on funding from five convertible debt lenders and received net proceeds after deductions of $ 79,111 for original issue discounts and debt issue costs from each of the five lenders of $ 101,250 , $ 189,000 , $ 150,000 , $ 50,000 and $ 100,000 , respectively, which represents approximately 17 %, 32 %, 25 %, 8 % and 18 %, respectively, of total proceeds received by the Company during fiscal 2023. In fiscal 2024, the Company primarily relied on funding from five convertible and non-convertible debt lenders and received net proceeds after deductions of $ 103,900 for original issue discounts and debt issue costs from each of the five lenders of $ 295,000 , $ 150,000 , $ 127,500 , $ 120,000 and $ 224,885 , respectively which represents approximately 28 %, 14 %, 12 %, 11 % and 21 %, respectively of total net proceeds received by the Company during fiscal 2024. Receivable Concentration As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s receivables were 100 % related to reimbursements on GST taxes paid. Patent and Patent Concentration The Company has filed multiple patent applications relating to its lead product, PRP. The Company’s lead patent application has been granted and remains in force in the United States, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Turkey, United Kingdom, Australia, China, Japan, Indonesia, Israel, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Republic of Korea, India and Brazil. In Canada and Mexico, the patent applications have been accepted as of fiscal year 2023. In 2016 and early 2017, the Company filed other patent applications. Three applications were filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (the “PCT”). The PCT assists applicants in seeking patent protection by filing one international patent application under the PCT, applicants can simultaneously seek protection for an invention in over 150 countries. Once filed, the application is placed under the control of the national or regional patent offices, as applicable, in what is called the national phase. One of the PCT applications filed in November 2016, entered national phase in July 2018 and another PCT application entered national phase in August 2018. A third PCT application entered the national phase in October 2018. In July 2020, a world-first patent was granted in Australia for the cancer treatment method patent family. Presently, there are 84 granted, allowed, or accepted patents and 6 patents filed, or under examination in key global jurisdictions relating to the use of proenzymes against solid tumors, covering the lead product candidate PRP. Further patent applications are expected to be filed to capture and protect additional patentable subject matter based on the Company’s field of technology relating to pharmaceutical compositions of proenzymes for treating cancer. Foreign Operations As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s operations are based in Camberwell, Australia; however, the majority of research and development is being conducted in the European Union. On July 22, 2016, the Company formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Propanc (UK) Limited under the laws of England and Wales, for the purpose of submitting an orphan drug application with the European Medicines Agency as a small and medium-sized enterprise. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, there has been no activity within this entity. F- 38 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 NOTE 12 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Derivative Financial Instruments: The Company applies the provisions of ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity , under which convertible instruments and warrants, which contain terms that protect holders from declines in the stock price (reset provisions), may not be exempt from derivative accounting treatment. As a result, warrants and embedded conversion options in convertible debt are recorded as a liability and are revalued at fair value at each reporting date. If the fair value of the warrants exceeds the face value of the related debt, the excess is recorded as change in fair value in operations on the issuance date. The Company had $ 110,500 (3 notes) and $ 75,300 (2 notes) of convertible debt, which were treated as derivative instruments outstanding at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company calculates the estimated fair values of the liabilities for derivative instruments using the Binomial Trees Method. The closing price of the Company’s common stock at June 28, 2024, the last trading day of the period ended June 30, 2024, was $ 0.0013 per share. The volatility, expected remaining term, and risk-free interest rates used to estimate the fair value of derivative liabilities at June 30, 2024 are indicated in the table that follows. The expected term is equal to the remaining term of the warrants or convertible instruments and the risk-free rate is based upon rates for treasury securities with the same term. Convertible Debt SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS, RECURRING AND NONRECURRING, VALUATION TECHNIQUES Initial Valuations (on new derivative instruments entered into during the year ended June 30, 2024) Volatility 323.40 – 333.45 % Expected Remaining Term (in years) 0.50 Risk Free Interest Rate 5.42 - 5.55 % Expected dividend yield None June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Volatility 323.40 % 334.56 % Expected remaining term 0.01 - 0.28 0.01 - 0.73 Risk-free interest rate 5.45 - 5.47 % 5.24 % Expected dividend yield None None Fair Value Measurements: The Company measures and reports at fair value the liability for derivative instruments. The fair value liabilities for price adjustable warrants and embedded conversion options have been recorded as determined utilizing the Binomial Trees model. The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024: SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE, ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED ON RECURRING BASIS Balance at June 30, 2024 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Embedded conversion option liabilities $ 133,886 $ — $ — $ 133,886 Total $ 133,886 $ — $ — $ 133,886 The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023: Balance at June 30, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Embedded conversion option liabilities $ 423,209 $ — $ — $ 423,209 Total $ 423,209 $ — $ — $ 423,209 F- 39 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 The following is a roll forward for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 of the fair value liability of price adjustable derivative instruments: SCHEDULE OF DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AT FAIR VALUE Fair Value of Liability for Derivative Instruments Balance at June 30, 2022 $ 151,262 Initial fair value of embedded conversion option derivative liability recorded as debt discount 93,668 Gain on debt extinguishment ( 352,051 ) Change in fair value included in statements of operations 530,330 Balance at June 30, 2023 423,209 Initial fair value of embedded conversion option derivative liability recorded as debt discount 150,000 Initial fair value of embedded conversion option derivative liability recorded as derivative expense 141,012 Gain on debt extinguishment ( 263,798 ) Change in fair value included in statements of operations ( 316,537 ) Balance at June 30, 2024 $ 133,886 NOTE 13 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS Loans Payable – Related Party Effective August 1, 2024, the Company entered into and closed a loan agreement (the “Loan”) with an institutional investor affiliated with one of our directors, Josef Zelinger, pursuant to which the investor loaned the Company an aggregate principal amount of $ 150,000 AUD ($ 97,649 USD). The Company intends to use the net proceeds therefrom for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the Loan is November 1, 2024 , or sooner at the discretion of the Company, and the Loan bears an interest rate of 12 % per annum and default interest rate of 18 % per annum. The Company has the right to prepay in full at any time with no prepayment penalty. By mutual consent the amount can be repaid via the issuance of common stock of the Company (upon uplisting on NASDAQ) and the strike price shall be at a 35 % discount to lowest daily balance of the five preceding trading days. Effective August 26, 2024, the Company entered into and closed a loan agreement with one of the members of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board Member”), pursuant to which the Board Member loaned the Company an aggregate principal amount of $ 85,000 AUD ($ 57,638 USD). The Company intends to use the net proceeds for general working capital purposes. There is no maturity date or interest rate on this loan and it is intended to be repaid as soon as practicable at the discretion of the Company. Issuance of convertible notes GS Capital Partners, LLC Securities Purchase Agreement On August 2, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with GS Capital Partners, LLC, pursuant to which GS Capital purchased a convertible redeemable note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $ 33,000 , such principal and the interest thereon are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of GS Capital. The GS Capital Note contains a $ 3,000 original issue discount. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the GS Capital Note for general working capital purposes. The maturity date of the GS Capital Note is February 2, 2025 . The GS Capital Note shall bear interest at a rate of 8 % per annum, which interest may be paid by the Company to GS Capital in shares of common stock but shall not be payable until the GS Capital Note becomes payable, whether at the Maturity Date or upon acceleration or by prepayment. The GS Capital Note is exchangeable for an equal aggregate principal amount of notes of different authorized denominations, as requested by GS Capital surrendering the same. The initial conversion price for the GS Capital Note is equal to $0.0017 per share (the “Fixed Price”), provided that the Fixed Price will be reduced to $0.001 per share in the event that the market price of the Common Stock trades below $0.0014 per share for five consecutive trading days. In the event of a default under the Note and unless the Fixed Price is lower, such conversion price will equal the lowest trading price of the Common Stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding such default, which price is subject to re-adjustment every thirty calendar days during the period in which the Company remains in default. Pursuant to the Note, in the event that such conversion price is below the par value of the Common Stock, the Company has agreed to take all steps to reduce such par value or conduct a reverse split of its Common Stock, as applicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, such conversion price and lookback periods are subject to adjustment in favor of the investor in the event the Company issues securities to another party with more favorable conversion terms, and such conversions are subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation (which may be increased to 9.9% upon 60 days’ prior written notice from the holder of the Note). The GS Capital note shall be bifurcated from the embedded conversion option which was recorded as derivative liabilities at fair value. F- 40 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 During the first 60 to 180 days following the date of the above GS Capital notes, the Company has the right to prepay the principal and accrued but unpaid interest due under the above notes issued to GS Capital, together with any other amounts that the Company may owe GS Capital under the terms of the notes, at a premium ranging from 110 % to 125 % of the principal amount and interest of such note. After this initial 180-day period, the Company does not have a right to prepay such notes. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of certain events of default, interest accrues at a default interest rate of 24 % per annum or, if such rate is usurious or not permitted by current law, then at the highest rate of interest permitted by law. In the event that the Company fails to deliver to GS Capital shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of principal or interest under the above GS Capital notes, the penalty becomes $ 250 per day for each day that the shares are not issued beginning on the 4 th day after the conversion notice was delivered to the Company. This penalty increases to $ 500 per day beginning on the 10 th day. In the event that the Company loses the bid price of its common stock on OTC, such GS Capital note does not incur penalty and instead the outstanding principal amount increases by 20 %. The above GS Capital note will be bifurcated from the embedded conversion option which shall be recorded as derivative liabilities at fair value. Shares issued for conversion of convertible debt From July 1, 2024 through September 19, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 209,219,529 shares of its common stock at an average contractual conversion price of $ 0.0003 as a result of the conversion of principal of $ 44,925 , accrued interest $ 7,053 and conversion fees of $ 2,548 underlying certain outstanding convertible notes converted during such period. The Company reclassified $ 9,337 in put premiums to additional paid in capital following these conversions. Consulting Agreement On August 12, 2024, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with two consultants to provide investor relation services from August 12, 2024 to October 12, 2024 for a total fee of $ 7,500 for each consultant. In August 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of common stock to the consultants related to this consulting agreement. Those shares were valued at approximately $ 0.001 per share or $ 15,000 , being the closing price of the stock on the date of grant to such consultants. F- 41 PROPANC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS June 30, 2024 and 2023 Proposed Reverse Stock Split (Unaudited) On August 7, 2024, the Company received written consent in lieu of a meeting by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding capital stock as of August 7, 2024 and the Company’s Board of Directors approving such actions as are necessary for the Company to proceed to, and the Company accordingly intends to, effectuate and execute a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratio somewhere between one post-split share per ten thousand pre-split shares (1:10,000) and one post-split share per one hundred thousand pre-split shares (1:100,000) (the “Reverse Stock Split”) . Proportional adjustments for the Reverse Stock Split will be made to the Company’s outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans. The Company is awaiting the approval of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) for the market effectiveness of the Reverse Stock Split. The unaudited pro forma tables below show the losses per share prior to the reverse split and following the reverse split. A key assumption to the loss per share calculation is that post-reverse split price is equal to the pre-reverse split times the number of shares from the ratio. SCHEDULE OF LOSS PER SHARE BASIS OF REVERSE STOCK SPLIT Historical per share data – (Pre- Split basis) Year Ended June 30, 2024 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Net loss available to Common Stockholders $ 2,013,488 $ 3,126,839 Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding 85,045,339 1,738,802 Basic and diluted net loss per share $ 0.02 $ 1.80 The assumption inherent in the table below is a reverse split of 1:100,000. Historical per share data – (Post- Split basis) Year Ended June 30, 2024 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Net loss available to Common Stockholders $ 2,013,488 $ 3,126,839 Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding 850 17 Basic and diluted net loss per share $ 2,368.81 $ 183,931.71 The table below shows the loss per share effect of reverse stock splits at 1:10,000, 1:50,000 and 1:100,000: Year Ended June 30, 2024 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Year Ended June 30, 2024 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Year Ended June 30, 2024 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Split Ratio 1:10,000 1:50,000 1:100,000 Year Ended June 30, 2024 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Year Ended June 30, 2024 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Year Ended June 30, 2024 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Net losses available to common stockholders $ 2,013,488 $ 3,126,839 $ 2,013,488 $ 3,126,839 $ 2,013,488 $ 3,126,839 Weighted Average Shares Outstanding 8,505 174 1,701 35 850 17 Loss per share $ 236.74 $ 17,970 $ 1,183.71 $ 89,338.26 $ 2,368.81 $ 183,931.71 F- 42 Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. Definition and Limitations of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports. Inherent limitations to any system of disclosure controls and procedures include, but are not limited to, the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of such controls by one or more persons. In addition, we have designed our system of controls based on certain assumptions, which we believe are reasonable, about the likelihood of future events, and our system of controls may therefore not achieve its desired objectives under all possible future events. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based closely on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. At the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2024, the disclosure controls and procedures of our Company were not effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports was recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis due to the material weaknesses in financial reporting as discussed below. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of June 30, 2024. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of June 30, 2024, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in the “Internal Integrated Framework” issued by COSO in 2013 due to certain material weaknesses in its internal controls. 31 Material Weaknesses and Corrective Actions In connection with the audits of our financial statements for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we identified certain deficiencies relating to our internal control over financial reporting that constitute a material weakness under standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”). The PCAOB defines a material weakness as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting continued to exist at June 30, 2024: ● we do not have written documentation of our internal control policies and procedures. Written documentation of key internal controls over financial reporting is a requirement of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”); ● we do not have sufficient segregation of duties within accounting functions, which is a basic internal control. Due to our limited size and early-stage nature of operations, segregation of all conflicting duties may not always be possible and may not be economically feasible; however, to the extent possible, the initiation of transactions, the custody of assets and the recording of transactions should be performed by separate individuals; ● lack of audit committee of our board of directors; and ● insufficient monitoring and review controls over the financial reporting closing process, including the lack of individuals with current knowledge of U.S. GAAP. We outsource certain of the functions that would normally be performed by a principal financial officer to assist us in implementing the necessary financial controls over the financial reporting and the utilization of internal management and staff to effectuate these controls. We believe that these material weaknesses primarily relate, in part, to our lack of sufficient staff with appropriate training in U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations with respect to financial reporting functions, and the lack of robust accounting systems, as well as the lack of sufficient resources to hire such staff and implement these accounting systems. We plan to take a number of actions in the future to correct these material weaknesses including, but not limited to, establishing an audit committee of our board of directors comprised of at least two independent directors, adding experienced accounting and financial personnel and retaining third-party consultants to review our internal controls and recommend improvements, subject to receiving sufficient additional capital. If we receive sufficient capital, we hope to increase the chief financial officer’s role from part-time to full-time as the next step in building out our accounting department. We will need to take additional measures to fully mitigate these issues, and the measures we have taken, and expect to take, to improve our internal controls may not be sufficient to (1) address the issues identified, (2) ensure that our internal controls are effective or (3) ensure that the identified material weakness or other material weaknesses will not result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In addition, other material weaknesses may be identified in the future. If we are unable to correct deficiencies in internal controls in a timely manner, our ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information accurately and within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC will be adversely affected. This failure could negatively affect the market price and trading liquidity of our Common Stock, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, subject us to civil and criminal investigations and penalties, and generally materially and adversely impact our business and financial condition. 32 Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Our management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act that permanently exempted smaller reporting companies from the auditor attestation requirement. Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the year ended June 30, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information. None . Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction That Prevent Inspections. Not applicable. PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The following table sets forth certain information regarding our current executive officers and directors as of September 25, 2024: Name Age Position James Nathanielsz 50 Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Director Dr. Julian Kenyon 77 Chief Scientific Officer and Director Josef Zelinger 74 Independent Director The following is a biographical summary of the experience of each of our executive officers and directors: James Nathanielsz has served as Chief Executive Officer and director of our Company since its inception and has served as our Chief Financial Officer since December 2020. He also has served as a director and Chief Executive Officer of Propanc PTY LTD, our Australian subsidiary, since October 2007. From July 2006 until October 2007, Mr. Nathanielsz served as the New Products Manager of Biota Holdings Limited, an anti-infective drug development company in Australia. He holds no other public directorships and has not held any others during the previous five years. Mr. Nathanielsz graduated with a Bachelor of Applied Science from Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia, majoring in Biochemistry/Applied Chemistry and with a Master of Entrepreneurship & Innovation. Our board of directors has concluded that Mr. Nathanielsz is well-qualified to serve on our board of directors and has the requisite qualifications, skills and perspectives based on, among other factors, his position with Propanc PTY LTD, his experience in R&D and manufacturing and distribution, and due to being our controlling stockholder, as well as his significant business, investment, financial and public company experience, particularly with biotech companies. 33 Dr. Julian Kenyon has served a director of our Company and as Scientific Director since inception and has served as our Chief Scientific Officer since May 2019. Dr. Kenyon co-founded Propanc PTY LTD, our Australian subsidiary, and was appointed as a director of Propanc PTY LTD on February 12, 2008. Since 2000, Dr. Kenyon has served as an integrated medical physician and Medical Director of the Dove Clinic for Integrated Medicine in Winchester and London. He holds no other public directorships and has not held any others during the previous five years. Dr. Kenyon graduated from the University of Liverpool with a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery and with a research degree, Doctor of Medicine. Since 1972, he has served as a Primary Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. Our board of directors has concluded that Dr. Kenyon is well-qualified to serve on our board of directors and has the requisite qualifications, skills and perspectives based on, among other factors, his position with Propanc PTY LTD. Josef Zelinger has served as a director of our Company since December 2020. He holds no other public directorships and has not held any others during the previous five years. He is a Certified Practicing Accountant with 45 years of experience in tax, auditing, finance, investment and management consulting. Mr. Zelinger also has significant expertise in property management and import/export businesses, and he currently serves as a director of Aggro Investments Pty Ltd, an Australian private company specializing in industrial property rentals, where he provides tax and accounting services as a sole trader. Mr. Zelinger commenced his career as an accountant at L.M. Stanton & Partners - Chartered Accountants, subsequently joining Caston Pty Ltd in 1980, a steel manufacturer, as chief financial officer, and as a director, where he served in such roles until 1983. Since the mid-1980s, Mr. Zelinger has served as director in several private investment companies in a range of businesses, including property portfolio manager of commercial real estate, import/export businesses and a range of commercial and financial investment companies. Since 1980, Mr. Zelinger has also operated as a sole practitioner in accountancy and tax consulting. In 1973, Mr. Zelinger graduated with a degree in Accounting from RMIT University and was also admitted as a Fellow in Business. Our board of directors has concluded that Mr. Zelinger is well-qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his experience as a director, his corporate governance, tax and auditing expertise, his investment and involvement with the Company since 2010 and his other relevant qualifications, skills and perspectives based upon his professional experience. Term of Office Our directors are appointed for a one-year term to hold office until the next annual general meeting of our stockholders or until removed from office in accordance with our Bylaws and the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”). Our directors hold office after the expiration of his or her term until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her resignation, death or removal in accordance with our Bylaws or the DGCL. Our officers are appointed by our board of directors and hold office until removed by our board of directors at any time for any reason. Family Relationships There are no family relationships between or among any of our directors or executive officers or persons nominated or chosen by us to become directors or executive officers. 34 Director Independence Our board of directors has reviewed the independence of our directors and has determined that Josef Zelinger qualifies as an independent director pursuant to Rule 5605(a)(2) of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) and applicable SEC rules and regulations. In making this determination, our board of directors considered the relationships that each of our directors has with us and all other facts and circumstances our board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence. Board Committees Our board of directors has no separately designated committees and our board members carry out the functions of both an audit committee and a compensation committee. We do not have an audit committee financial expert serving on our board of directors. Due to our limited financial resources, we are not in a position to retain an independent director with the qualifications to serve as an audit committee financial expert at this time. Scientific Advisory Board We have a Scientific Advisory Board that provides advice to our management relating to the following: ● The identification, assessment, evaluation, selection, conduct and management of research projects, both those which are under review and are in progress; ● Intellectual property; and ● Commercialization. The Scientific Advisory Board may also address issues related to improving project selection, formal review processes and management procedures within our Company. The Scientific Advisory Board will generally be composed of an advisory panel of clinicians with expertise in translational research. As of September 25, 2024, the members of our Scientific Advisory Board were: ● Professor Klaus Kutz (also serving as our acting Chief Medical Officer); ● Professor Macarena Perán; ● Professor Juan Antonio Marchal Corrales; ● Dr. Maria Garcia; and ● Dr. Ralf Brandt. Each of the members of our Scientific Advisory Board acts as an independent consultant and is compensated on an hourly basis for his or her services. There is presently no stock-based compensation for their services. In addition, we may have relationships with entities with which the members may be associated. Professor Kutz is also acting as Chief Medical Officer for Propanc in a non-executive capacity. His compensation continues to be based on an hourly rate as per his Advisory Board Agreement. Propanc intends to appoint Professor Kutz as Chief Medical Officer of Propanc in a full-time executive officer capacity at a time that is mutually agreed upon between both parties. The following is a biographical summary of the experience of each member of our Scientific Advisory Board: Professor Klaus Kutz has over 20 years of experience as an independent consultant in Clinical Pharmacology and Safety for pharmaceutical companies and clinical research organizations. His specialty over the last six years is oncology, including preparation of multiple NDAs and INDs for small and medium sized pharmaceutical companies. He has prepared, organized and reported clinical Phase I studies in oncology and Phase II studies in different cancer indications (prostate, gastric, ovarian, small cell lung cancer) and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Professor Kutz has more than 13 years of experience as Head of Clinical Pharmacology with world-wide responsibilities for Phase I and Clinical Pharmacokinetics in two internationally operating pharmaceutical companies, setting up and restructuring international clinical pharmacology departments. His achievements include the successful world-wide registration of multiple important compounds for Sandoz Pharma Ltd, a pharmaceutical company, by preparing multiple NDAs and expert reports (including written summaries), as well as preparing multiple IND applications for Sandoz Pharma Ltd and Sanofi Research. He is a specialist for Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, and Clinical Pharmacology and he is also Professor of Medicine at the University of Bonn, Germany. 35 Professor Macarena Perán holds a B.S. in Biology and an M.S. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from the University of Málaga, Spain. Dr. Perán moved to the Neuroscience Department at Durham University in the UK, where she studied the Cellular Distribution and Immobilization of GABAA Receptors on the cell membrane and graduated in 2000 with a Ph.D. She moved back to Spain and completed another Ph.D. program in the Faculty of Medicine focused on Changes in the Behavior of Central Nervous Proteins. She also completed a second Ph.D. from Granada University. In 2005 and 2006, she attended the University of Bath, UK, working in Professor David Tosh’s lab, and changed her research interest to the development of new anti-cancer drugs and cell therapy for regenerative medicine. In 2011, she spent a year as a visiting scientist in the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California, working in Professor Juan Carlos Izpisua-Belmonte’s lab. Currently, Dr. Perán is Reader in Anatomy at the University of Jaén in Spain and is working with the Institute of Pathobiology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER). Professor Juan Antonio Marchal Corrales is Professor of Anatomy and Embryology at the Faculty of Medicine of University of Granada. He graduated in Medicine and Surgery in 1992, obtaining the degree “summa cum laude”. He defended his doctoral thesis in 1996. Prof. Marchal has worked at three universities in different educational categories and is responsible for the research group “Differentiation, Regeneration and Cancer”. He has participated in 39 research projects of national and international character, being principal investigator in 13 of them. He has a total of 145 publications in journals, of which 125 are listed in the Journal Citation Reports. He has spent time at the University of Sassari in Italy and as visiting professor. He is the inventor of 14 patents, 4 of them licensed. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the International Graduate School of the University of Granada, member of the standing committee of the Scientific Council and coordinator of Area Research in the Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) and member of the Governing Board at the Institute of Pathobiology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER). He has recently been named director of the Chair Drs. Galera and Requena of Cancer Stem Cell Research at the University of Granada. Dr. Maria Garcia graduated in Biology from University of Granada in Spain in 1997, became a molecular biologist working in the National Centre of Biotechnology, characterizing the mechanism of action of “Protein kinase induced by interferon: PKR”. These studies gave rise to a PhD title awarded with an Extraordinary Thesis Award by the Autonomous University of Madrid in 2004. In 2002, Dr. García completed a three-month stay at the University of Wyoming with Dr. Roth. During the postdoctoral period, she obtained major public and private funding to characterize new activity of the main tumor suppressor genes that are mutated in more than 50% of human cancers, such as p53, ARF and Rb. Dr. García currently has a competitive research contract from the National Health System to lead translational cancer research, aiming at the integration of basic, clinical and epidemiological cancer research in the University Hospital Complex of Granada. She leads a line of research involving new antitumor drugs, biological therapies, biomarkers and cancer stem cell studies. Dr. García has more than 30 peer-reviewed publications in international journals with an average impact factor of 5 and a H-Index of 14. Dr. Ralf Brandt is the co-founder of vivoPharm PTY, Ltd., a global oncology and immuno-oncology discovery services company providing a range of preclinical services, which merged and became a part of Cancer Genetics, Inc., a Nasdaq-listed company enabling precision medicine in oncology from bench to bedside. Dr. Brandt currently serves as President of Discovery and Early Development of Cancer Genetics. Dr. Brandt is a biochemist and cell biologist with over 15 years of experience in research programs of experimental oncology. He has immense experience in in vivo pharmacology and anti-cancer drug profiling. Dr. Brandt received his License (BSc in Biochemistry and Animal Physiology) in 1986, and his PhD in Biochemistry in 1991 from the Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg in Germany. Dr. Brandt was employed at research positions at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland and at Schering AG in Germany. Since 1990, Dr. Brandt has been active in the field of preclinical oncology. He led the Tumor Biology program at Novartis Pharma AG in Switzerland and established several transgenic mouse lines developing tumors under the control of oncogenes. During Dr. Brandt’s long career in the pharmaceutical industry, he has acquired significant knowledge and expertise in leading business units and representation of services to the pre-clinical research market. 36 Risk Oversight Our board of directors takes a company-wide approach to risk management. Our board of directors determines the appropriate risk level for us generally, assesses the specific risks faced by us and reviews the steps taken by management to manage those risks. While our board of directors has ultimate oversight responsibility for the risk management process given that no board committees have yet been formed. Our board of directors will be responsible for overseeing the management of risks associated with the independence of our board of directors. Until our board of directors has established a compensation committee, it remains responsible for, among other things, overseeing the management of risks relating to our executive compensation plans and arrangements, and the incentives created by the compensation awards is administered. Until our board of directors has established an audit committee, it will oversee, among other things, our corporate accounting and financial reporting process and oversees the audit of our financial statements and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Until our board of directors has established a nominating committee, it will be responsible for among other things, making recommendations regarding candidates for directorships, reviewing developments in corporate governance practices and developing a set of corporate governance guidelines. Code of Ethics The board of directors has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) to apply to all of our directors, officers and employees. The Code of Ethics is intended to promote ethical conduct and compliance with laws and regulations, to provide guidance with respect to the handling of ethical issues, to implement mechanisms to report unethical conduct, to foster a culture of honesty and accountability, to deter wrongdoing and to ensure fair and accurate financial reporting. A copy of the Code of Ethics is available at our website www.propanc.com. Nominations to the Board of Directors General - Our directors take a critical role in guiding our strategic direction and oversee the management of the Company. Our board of directors’ candidates are considered based upon various criteria, such as their broad-based business and professional skills and experiences, a global business and social perspective, concern for the long-term interests of the shareholders, diversity, and personal integrity and judgment. In addition, directors must have time available to devote to our board of directors’ activities and to enhance their knowledge of our business. Accordingly, we seek to attract and retain highly qualified directors who have sufficient time to attend to their substantial duties and responsibilities to our Company. Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance Under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, our directors and certain of our officers, and persons holding more than 10 percent of our Common Stock are required to file forms reporting their beneficial ownership of our Common Stock and subsequent changes in that ownership with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, we do not believe any reports were required to be filed by such persons pursuant to Section 16(a). Item 11. Executive Compensation. The following table sets forth the compensation paid or accrued by us to our Executive Officers for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. 37 Summary Compensation Table Year Salary ($) Bonus ($) Option Awards ($) All Other Compensation ($) Total ($) James Nathanielsz (1) 2023 $ 399,840 $ - $ - $ 30,444 (4) $ 430,284 Chief Executive Officer 2024 $ 401,580 $ 102,195 (3) $ - $ 44,752 (4) $ 548,527 (1) For purposes of the information included in this “Executive Compensation” section, including the table above, the conversion rates as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, $0.6693 and $0.6664, respectively, were used to convert dollar amounts from AUD to USD. (2) Under the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement (as defined below), Mr. Nathanielsz received a gross annual salary of $400,000 AUD ($309,313 USD) per year effective February 1, 2018 as approved by the board of directors. Mr. Nathanielsz has also accrued unused annual and long service leave in the amounts of $627,337 AUD ($419,877 USD) and $584,815 AUD ($389,721 USD) for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which are included in the total above. On August 1, 2022, the board of directors approved an increase of Mr. Nathanielsz’s annual base salary from $400,000 AUD ($309,313 USD) to $600,000 AUD ($414,900 USD), effective July 1, 2022. (3) No bonus was approved in fiscal year 2023. In January 2024, the Board approved a bonus of $150,000 AUD or $102,195 USD. (4) Under the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement, Mr. Nathanielsz receives a 11.0% contribution to a pension of which he is the beneficiary and amounted to $27,038 USD and $27,100 USD for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, pursuant to the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement, we may make a monthly payment to cover the costs relating to Mr. Nathanielsz use of a vehicle and certain fringe benefits. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, $17,714 USD and $3,344 USD, respectively, was paid to Mr. Nathanielsz for use of a vehicle. Narrative to Summary Compensation Table Employment Agreement with James Nathanielsz The Company and Mr. Nathanielsz entered into a new employment agreement as of May 14, 2019 (the “Nathanielsz Employment Agreement”) setting forth the terms and conditions of Mr. Nathanielsz employment as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. The Nathanielsz Employment Agreement also contemplates that Mr. Nathanielsz serves as a member of the board of directors. The Nathanielsz Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Nathanielsz will receive a base salary of $33,333 AUD ($23,050 USD) per month ($400,000 AUD ($309,313 USD) annually) and a monthly contribution to Mr. Nathanielsz’s pension equal to 9.5% of his monthly salary. Mr. Nathanielsz may convert any accrued but unpaid salary into Common Stock at the end of each fiscal year at a conversion price to be determined by Mr. Nathanielsz and the Company, which will in no event be lower than par value or higher than the closing bid price on the date of conversion. The Company has also agreed to pay Mr. Nathanielsz an annual discretionary bonus in an amount up to 200% of his annual base salary, which bonus shall be determined by the Board and based upon the performance of the Company. 38 Mr. Nathanielsz is entitled to twenty days of annual leave and ten days of paid sick leave. Mr. Nathanielsz is also entitled to participate in employee benefits plans, fringe benefits and perquisites maintained by the Company to the extent the Company provides similar benefits or perquisites (or both) to similarly situated executives of the Company. In the event that the Company provides notice of non-renewal of the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement, the Company terminates Mr. Nathanielsz without cause (as defined in the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement) or Mr. Nathanielsz terminates his employment for good reason (as defined in the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement), the Company has agreed to pay Mr. Nathanielsz a severance payment in an amount equal to Mr. Nathanielsz’s base salary for the year of termination in addition to accrued but unpaid salary, reimbursement of expenses and certain other employee benefits as determined under the terms of the applicable plans (“Accrued Amounts”). In the event that Mr. Nathanielsz provides notice of non-renewal of the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement, the Company terminates Mr. Nathanielsz for cause or Mr. Nathanielsz terminates his employment without good reason, Mr. Nathanielsz is only entitled to the Accrued Amounts. The Company has agreed to indemnify Mr. Nathanielsz for any liabilities, costs and expenses incurred in the event that he is made a party to a proceeding due to his roles with the Company, other than any proceeding initiated by Mr. Nathanielsz or the Company relating to any dispute with respect to the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement or Mr. Nathanielsz’s employment. Under the terms of the Nathanielsz Employment Agreement, Mr. Nathanielsz is also subject to certain restrictive covenants, including a one-year non-compete. Amended and Restated Services Agreement with Julian Kenyon On May 14, 2019, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Services Agreement (the “Services Agreement”) with Dr. Kenyon, the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer and a director, for a term of three years, subject to automatic one-year renewals, at an annual salary of $54,000 AUD ($41,580 USD). In connection with the execution of the Services Agreement, Dr. Kenyon was designated as an executive officer of the Company and assumed a more active executive role with the Company. Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Dr. Kenyon was granted options to purchase 0.02 shares of Common Stock (the “Kenyon Options”), with an exercise price per share of $425,000 (100% of the closing market price of the Common Stock on May 14, 2019, the date of approval of such grant by the board of directors), (ii) 0.02 restricted stock units of the Company (the “Initial Kenyon RSUs”), and (iii) an additional 0.02 restricted stock units of the Company (the “Additional Kenyon RSUs”). Such options and restricted stock units were granted pursuant to the 2019 Plan (as defined below) approved by the Company’s board of directors on the effective date of the Services Agreement. The Kenyon Options have a term of 10 years from the date of grant. One third of the Kenyon Options vest every successive one-year anniversary following such effective date, provided, that on each such vesting date Dr. Kenyon is employed by the Company and subject to the other provisions of the Services Agreement. The Initial Kenyon RSUs vest on the one-year anniversary of such effective date, subject to Dr. Kenyon’s continued employment with the Company through such vesting date. The Additional Kenyon RSUs vest as follows, subject to Dr. Kenyon’s continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date: (i) 0.005 of the Additional Kenyon RSUs vest upon the Company submitting the CTA for PRP for the Study (as defined in the Services Agreement) in an applicable jurisdiction to be selected by the Company, (ii) 0.005 of the Additional Kenyon RSUs vest upon the Company completing an equity financing in the amount of at least $4,000,000 in gross proceeds, (iii) 0.005 of the Additional Kenyon RSUs vest upon the shares of Common Stock being listed on a senior stock exchange (New York Stock Exchange, NYSE American, or the Nasdaq Stock Market), and (iv) the remaining 0.005 of the Additional Kenyon RSUs vest upon the Company enrolling its first patient in the Study. Each vested Kenyon RSU will be settled by delivery to Mr. Kenyon of one share of Common Stock and/or the fair market value of one share of Common Stock in cash, at the sole discretion of the board of directors and subject to the 2019 Plan, on the first to occur of: (i) the date of a Change of Control (as defined in the Services Agreement), (ii) the date that is ten business days following the vesting of such Kenyon RSU, (iii) the date of Dr. Kenyon’s death or Disability (as defined in the Services Agreement), and (iv) Dr. Kenyon’s employment being terminated either by the Company without Cause or by Dr. Kenyon for Good Reason (as each term is defined in the Services Agreement). In the event of a Change of Control, 50% of any unvested portion of the Kenyon Options and the Kenyon RSUs vest immediately prior to such event. 39 2019 Equity Incentive Plan On May 14, 2019, our board of directors adopted our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which reserves a total of 234 shares of our Common Stock for issuance under the 2019 Plan. As described below, incentive awards authorized under the 2019 Plan include, but are not limited to, incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code. If an incentive award granted under the 2019 Plan expires, terminates, is unexercised or is forfeited, or if any shares are surrendered to us in connection with the exercise of an incentive award, the shares subject to such award and the surrendered shares will become available for further awards under the 2019 Plan. Administration Our board of directors will administer the 2019 Plan. Subject to the terms of the 2019 Plan, our board of directors has complete authority and discretion to determine the terms upon which awards may be granted under the 2019 Plan. Grants The 2019 Plan authorizes the grant to participants of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance grants intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code and stock appreciation rights, as described below: ● Options granted under the 2019 Plan entitle the grantee, upon exercise, to purchase up to a specified number of shares from us at a specified exercise price per share. The exercise price for shares of Common Stock covered by an option generally cannot be less than the fair market value of Common Stock on the date of grant unless agreed to otherwise at the time of the grant. In addition, in the case of an incentive stock option granted to an employee who, at the time the incentive stock option is granted, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any parent or subsidiary, the per share exercise price will be no less than 110% of the fair market value of Common Stock on the date of grant. ● Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units may be awarded on terms and conditions established by the compensation committee, which may include performance conditions for restricted stock awards and the lapse of restrictions on the achievement of one or more performance goals for restricted stock units. ● The board of directors may make performance grants, each of which will contain performance goals for the award, including the performance criteria, the target and maximum amounts payable, and other terms and conditions. ● The 2019 Plan authorizes the granting of stock awards. The board of directors will establish the number of shares of our Common Stock to be awarded (subject to the aggregate limit established under the 2019 Plan upon the number of shares of our Common Stock that may be awarded or sold under the 2019 Plan) and the terms applicable to each award, including performance restrictions. ● Stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) entitle the participant to receive a distribution in an amount not to exceed the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the portion of the SAR exercised multiplied by the difference between the market price of a share of Common Stock on the date of exercise of the SAR and the market price of a share of our Common Stock on the date of grant of the SAR. Duration, Amendment, and Termination Our board of directors has the power to amend, suspend or terminate the 2019 Plan without stockholder approval or ratification at any time or from time to time. No change may be made that increases the total number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance pursuant to incentive awards or reduces the minimum exercise price for options or exchange of options for other incentive awards, unless such change is authorized by our stockholders within one year of such change. Unless sooner terminated, the 2019 Plan would terminate ten years after it is adopted. 40 No awards or any shares of our Common Stock were issued during the fiscal year 2024 under the 2019 Plan. Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End The following table sets forth certain information with respect to grants of plan-based awards for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 to the Named Executive Officer. Except as set forth below, all of the outstanding equity awards granted to our Named Executive Officer were fully vested as of June 30, 2024. Option awards Stock awards Name Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable Option Exercise Price ($) Option Expiration Date Number of Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (#) Market Value or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested ($) James Nathanielsz (1) 0.04 - $ 4,675,000 May 13, 2029 0.04 165,747 Julian Kenyon (2) 0.02 - $ 4,250,000 May 13, 2029 0.02 82,873 (1) On May 14, 2019, the board of directors granted Mr. Nathanielsz an option to purchase 0.04 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $4,675,000 per share and 0.08 performance-based restricted stock units. The fair value of such options and restricted stock units at the grant date was $165,747 and $331,493, respectively. 0.04 of such restricted stock units vested on May 14, 2020 and the balance is subject to performance conditions. (2) On May 14, 2019, the board of directors granted Mr. Kenyon an option to purchase 0.02 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $4,250,000 per share and 0.04 performance-based restricted stock units. The fair value of such options and restricted stock units at the grant date was $82,873 and $165,747, respectively. 0.02 of such restricted stock units vested on May 14, 2020 and the balance is subject to performance conditions. Director Compensation for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2024 Name Fees earned or paid in cash ($) Option Awards ($) All Other Compensation ($) Total ($) Julian Kenyon (1) $ 36,142 (2) $ - $ - $ 36,142 (1) For purposes of the information included in the table, the conversion rate as of June 30, 2024, $0.6693 was used to convert amounts from AUD to USD. (2) Effective May 2019, Dr. Kenyon receives gross monthly compensation of $4,500 AUD or $3,264 USD per month for his services as a director of our Company. Amended and Restated Director Agreement with Joseph Zelinger Effective as of August 12, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Director Agreement (the “Director Agreement”) with Mr. Zelinger, pursuant to which the Company agreed to compensate Mr. Zelinger with a monthly salary of $250 AUD ($188 USD) per month for his services as a member of the board of directors and which can be terminated by the Company for Cause (as defined in the Director Agreement) and at such time as Mr. Zelinger no longer serves as a Company director. Pursuant to the Agreement, any and all accrued unpaid salary may be converted by Mr. Zelinger into Common Stock at the end of each fiscal year at a conversion rate to be determined by the parties to such agreement, at a rate no lower than the par value of the Common Stock and no higher than the closing bid price of the Common Stock on date of such conversion. 41 Other Director Compensation Directors are reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in attending meetings and carrying out duties as board members. Scientific Advisory Board Members Compensation The Company has entered into Scientific Advisory Board Member Agreements with certain members of its Scientific Advisory Board (the “SAB Agreements”). The SAB Agreements contain substantially similar terms and primarily relate to the protection of the Company’s intellectual property and include provisions for the members’ compensation for the services performed as a member of the Scientific Advisory Board. Mr. Kutz and Dr. Brandt each are paid a monetary fee for each year of service provided. The following sets forth information as of October 5, 2023, regarding the number of shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by (i) each person that we know beneficially owns more than 5% of our outstanding voting securities, (ii) each of our directors and named executive officer and (iii) all of our directors and named executive officers as a group. The amounts and percentages beneficially owned are reported on the basis of SEC rules governing the determination of beneficial ownership of securities. Under the SEC rules, a person is deemed to be a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person has or shares “voting power,” which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of such security, or “investment power,” which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of such security. A person is also deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities of which that person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days through the exercise or conversion of any equity or debt securities, as applicable. Under these rules, more than one person may be deemed a beneficial owner of the same securities and a person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities as to which such person has no economic interest. Unless otherwise indicated, each of the stockholders named in the table below, or his or her family members, has sole voting and investment power with respect to such shares listed below. Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each of the stockholders listed below is c/o Propanc Biopharma, Inc., 302, 6 Butler Street, Camberwell, VIC, 3124, Australia. The disclosure relating to the shares of Common Stock under this “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” section reflects the Reverse Stock Split effected by the Company on May 1, 2023. Narrative Disclosure of Compensation Policies and Practices as They Relate to Our Risk Management We believe that our compensation policies and practices for all employees and other individual service providers, including executive officers, do not create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The following sets forth information as of September 25, 2024 regarding the number of shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by (i) each person that we know beneficially owns more than 5% of our outstanding Common Stock, (ii) each of our directors and named executive officer and (iii) all of our directors and named executive officers as a group. The amounts and percentages of our Common Stock beneficially owned are reported on the basis of SEC rules governing the determination of beneficial ownership of securities. Under the SEC rules, a person is deemed to be a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person has or shares “voting power,” which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of such security, or “investment power,” which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of such security. A person is also deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities of which that person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days through the exercise of any stock option, warrant or other right, and the conversion of preferred stock. Under these rules, more than one person may be deemed a beneficial owner of the same securities and a person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities as to which such person has no economic interest. Unless otherwise indicated, each of the shareholders named in the table below, or his or her family members, has sole voting and investment power with respect to such shares of our Common Stock. Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each of the shareholders listed below is: c/o Propanc Biopharma, Inc., 302, 6 Butler Street, Camberwell, VIC, 3124 Australia. 42 Common Stock Beneficially Owned Series B Preferred Stock Beneficially Owned Name and Address of Beneficial Owner Number of Shares Beneficially Owned Percentage of Class (1) Number of Shares Beneficially Owned Percentage of Class (6) Total Voting Shares Total Voting Power (1) (6) Directors and Executive Officers: James Nathanielsz (2) 8,732 * 1 100 % 8,733 50.01 % Dr. Julian Kenyon (3) 3,425 * - - 3,425 * Josef Zelinger (4) 778,904 0.1 % - - 778,904 0.1 % All directors and executive officers, as a group (3 persons) 791, 061 0.1 % 1 100 % 791,062 50.1 % Non-Director or Officer 5% Stockholder: Sylva International LLC 703,744 0.1 % - - 703,744 0.1 % * Represents less than 1% (1) Applicable percentages are based on 688,022,017 shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of September 25, 2024. (2) Includes (i) 5,932 shares of our Common Stock owned held by North Horizon Pty Ltd., which is the trustee of the Nathanielsz Family Trust. Mr. Nathanielsz has investing and dispositive power and a pecuniary interest in such shares held by such trust. In addition, such ownership includes (ii) 0.04 vested stock options for the purchase of up to 0.04 shares of our Common Stock, (iii) 0.04 vested restricted stock units and 2,800 shares of Common Stock held by Mrs. Nathanielsz, the spouse of Mr. Nathanielsz, as to which shares Mr. Nathanielsz disclaims beneficial ownership. Such ownership excludes 0.04 restricted stock units subject to certain vesting conditions, as discussed above in the section captioned “Executive Compensation - Employment Agreement with James Nathanielsz”. (3) Includes 3,425 shares of Common Stock and 0.02 vested stock options for the purchase of up to 0.02 shares of Common Stock and 0.02 vested restricted stock units; excludes 0.02 restricted stock units that are subject to certain vesting conditions, as discussed above in the section captioned “Executive Compensation - Amended and Restated Services Agreement with Julian Kenyon”. (4) Beneficial ownership includes (i) 2,806 shares of Common Stock, (ii) up to 776,098 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a Common Stock purchase warrant held by Aggro Investments Pty Ltd, which Mr. Zelinger wholly owns and controls, which is subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation providing that a holder of such warrant will not have the right to exercise any portion thereof if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or 9.99%, as applicable, of the Common Stock outstanding, provided that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice to us, the holder may increase or decrease such limitation up to a maximum of 9.99% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding. Beneficial ownership excludes an aggregate of 14,223,902 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrant as a result of the triggering of the 4.99% beneficial ownership limitations in such warrant. The principal business address of Aggro Investments Pty Ltd is 9 Seymour Road, Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia, 3185. (5) Includes all shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by our executive officers and directors, subject to any disclaimers set forth in footnotes 2 and 3 of the table above. (6) Applicable percentage is based on one share of our Series B Preferred Stock outstanding as of September 25, 2024. The holder of such share has voting power equivalent of the number of votes equal to the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the time of determination of stockholders entitled to vote. 43 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The following includes a summary of transactions since July 1, 2020 to which we have been a party, in which the amount involved in the transaction the lesser of (i) $120,000 or (ii) one percent (1%) of the average of the Company’s total assets at year-end for the last two fiscal years, and in which any of our directors, executive officers or, to our knowledge, beneficial owners of more than 5% of our capital stock or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than equity and other compensation, termination, change in control and other arrangements, which are described above under “Item 11. Executive Compensation.” On July 5, 2023, the Company and an institutional investor affiliated with one of our directors, Josef Zelinger, entered into a letter agreement, pursuant to which such investor loaned the Company an aggregate of AU$230,000. Pursuant to such agreement, the term of such loan is three (3) years, ending on July 5, 2026, with an interest rate of 10% to be paid monthly in arrears. A portion of the proceeds of such loan were used to repay an outstanding balance of approximately $143,000 due on a convertible promissory note held by a third-party investor and which had been in default. In connection with such loan, the Company issued 15,000,000 warrants to purchase common stock to such investor immediately exercisable at an initial exercise price of $0.01 per share (subject to certain adjustments such as stock dividend, stock splits, subsequent right offering and pro-rata distribution) with an expiry date of July 5, 2026. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company owed its former director a total of $49,528 and $49,314, respectively, for money loaned to the Company, throughout the years. The total loans balance owed at June 30, 2024 and 2023 is not interest bearing. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company owed its former director a total of $29,759 and $29,630, respectively, related to expenses paid on behalf of the Company related to corporate startup costs and intellectual property. Our principal executive office is located at 302, 6 Butler Street, Camberwell, VIC, 3124, Australia, which we lease from Horizon Pty Ltd., a related party, of which Mr. Nathanielsz and his wife, Sylvia Nathanielsz, are owners and directors. On May 4, 2022, the Company entered into a three-year lease agreement with North Horizon Pty Ltd. for a monthly rent of $3,000 AUD ($2,176 USD), depending on exchange rate) per month plus taxes. Mrs. Nathanielsz has been an employee of the Company since October 2015. On August 1, 2022, the Company’s Mr. Nathanielsz’s annual base salary increased from $400,000 AUD ($309,313 USD) to $600,000 AUD ($414,900 USD), effective July 1, 2022 and is entitled to benefits customarily expected to be provided to employees of the Company. On October 1, 2020, the Company entered into a two-year collaboration agreement with the University of Jaén to provide certain research services to the Company. One of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Board is the lead joint researcher of University of Jaén. Additionally, on July 27, 2022, the Company entered into a two-year research agreement with the University of Jaén to provide certain research and experiment services to the Company. Further, the Company agreed to pay royalties of 1% of net revenues each to two members of the Scientific Advisory Board. Employment and Director Compensation Arrangements The relationships and related party transactions described herein are in addition to any employment and director compensation arrangements with our executive officers and directors, which are described above under “Executive Compensation - Narrative to Summary Compensation Table and Director Compensation.” Indemnification Agreements Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that none of our officers or directors shall be personally liable for any obligations of our Company or for any duties or obligations arising out of any acts or conduct of said officer or director performed for or on behalf of our Company, including without limitation, acts of negligence or contributory negligence. In addition, our Bylaws provide that we shall indemnify and hold harmless each person and their heirs and administrators who shall serve at any time hereafter as a director or officer of our Company from and against any and all claims, judgments and liabilities to which such persons shall become subject by reason of their having heretofore or hereafter been a director or officer of our Company, or by reason of any action alleged to have heretofore or hereafter taken or omitted to have been taken by him or her as such director or officer, and that we shall reimburse each such person for all legal and other expenses reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with any such claim, judgment or liability, including our power to defend such persons from all suits or claims as provided for under the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law; provided, however, that no such persons shall be indemnified against, or be reimbursed for, any expense incurred in connection with any claim or liability arising out of his (or her) own willful misconduct. In addition, we intend to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers and some of our executives may have certain indemnification rights arising under their employment agreements with us. We believe that these bylaw provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers. 44 The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and our stockholders. A stockholder’s investment may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. On May 14, 2019, our board of directors approved a form of Indemnification Agreement (“Indemnification Agreement”) for each of our officers and directors. The Indemnification Agreement requires us to indemnify our directors and officers and to advance expenses on behalf of such directors or officers to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and establish the procedures by which a director or executive officer may request and receive indemnification. The Indemnification Agreement is in addition to other rights to which a director or officer may be entitled under our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and applicable law. Director Independence Our board of directors has reviewed the independence of our directors and has determined that Josef Zelinger qualifies as an independent director pursuant to applicable SEC rules and regulations. In making this determination, our board of directors considered the relationships that such director has with us and all other facts and circumstances that our board of directors deemed relevant in determining his independence. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services. The Company’s Board of Directors reviews and approves audit and permissible non-audit services performed by its independent registered public accounting firm, as well as the fees charged for such services. In its review of non-audit service and its appointment of Salberg & Company, P.A. as our independent registered public accounting firm, the Board considered whether the provision of such services is compatible with maintaining independence. All of the services provided, and fees charged by Salberg & Company, P.A. in fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were approved by the Board of Directors. The following table shows the fees for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023: 2024 2023 Audit Fees (1) $ 64,500 $ 64,000 Audit Related Fees (2) $ 5,700 $ 20,800 Tax Fees (3) $ - $ - All Other Fees $ - $ - Total $ 70,200 $ 84,800 (1) Audit fees - these fees relate to the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements and the review of our interim quarterly consolidated financial statements. (2) Audit related fees - these fees relate primarily to the auditors’ review of our registration statements and audit related consulting. (3) Tax fees - no fees of this sort were billed by Salberg & Company P.A., our principal accountant during 2024 and 2023 fiscal years. 45 All Other Fees We did not incur any other fees related to services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The SEC requires that before our independent registered public accounting firm is engaged by us to render any auditing or permitted non-audit related service, the engagement be either: (i) approved by our audit committee or (ii) entered into pursuant to pre-approval policies and procedures established by the audit committee, provided that the policies and procedures are detailed as to the particular service, the audit committee is informed of each service, and such policies and procedures do not include delegation of the audit committee’s responsibilities to management. Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures We do not have an audit committee. Our Board pre-approves all services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. All of the above services and fees during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were reviewed and approved by our Board before the respective services were rendered. PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules (a) Exhibits Exhibit Number Description 3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, filed with the SEC on June 23, 2011). 3.2 Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, filed with the SEC on June 23, 2011). 3.3 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated November 11, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2014). 3.4 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated July 9, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 15, 2015). 3.5 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated April 20, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2017). 3.6 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated April 20, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2017). 3.7 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated as of January 23, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2018). 3.8 Certificate of Amendment, dated as of June 7, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2019). 3.9 Certificate of Correction, dated as of June 10, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2019). 46 3.10 Certificate of Amendment, dated as of March 13, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on August 13, 2020). 3.11 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated as of November 17, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 19, 2020). 3.12 Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, dated July 6, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company Current Report on From 8-K filed on July 11, 2022) 3.13 Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company, dated December 2, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2014). 3.14 Certificate of Designation of Series B Preferred Stock of the Company, dated June 16, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 15, 2015). 3.15 Certificate of Retirement of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company, dated March 15, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 17, 2023). 3.16 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated May 1, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2023). 4.1 Common Stock Purchase Warrant for the purchase of up to 450,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 9, 2019). 4.2 Common Stock Purchase Warrant for the purchase of up to 300,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 9, 2019). 4.3 Common Stock Purchase Warrant for the purchase of up to 225,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 9, 2019). 4.4 Form of Convertible Promissory Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.55 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on October 15, 2019) 4.5 Form of Prefunded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 3, 2020) 4.6 Form of Series A Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 3, 2020) 4.7 Form of Series B Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 3, 2020) 4.8 Form of Series C Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 3, 2020) 4.9 Form of Convertible Redeemable Promissory Note, dated October 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 8, 2019) 47 4.10 10% Convertible Promissory Note, dated December 7, 2021, issued by the Company to One44 Capital LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 13, 2021) 4.11 8% Convertible Promissory Note, dated March 7, 2022, issued by the Company to Sixth Street Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 10, 2022) 4.12 10% Convertible Promissory Note, dated March 29, 2022, issued by the Company to One44 Capital LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K April 1, 2022) 4.13 8% Convertible Promissory Note, dated April 12, 2022, issued by the Company to Sixth Street Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 18, 2022) 4.14 8% Convertible Promissory Note, dated May 12, 2022, issued by the Company to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 18, 2022) 4.15 8% Convertible Promissory Note, dated June 30, 2022, issued by the Company to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 7, 2022) 4.16 8% Convertible Redeemable Promissory Note, dated August 12, 2022, issued by the Company to GS Capital Partners LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 18, 2022) 4.17 10% Convertible Note, dated August 15, 1022, issued by the Company to One44 Capital LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 18, 2022) 4.18 8% Convertible Redeemable Note, dated September 21, 2022, issued by the Company to GS Capital Partners, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 26, 2022) 4.19 10% Convertible Redeemable Note, dated February 14, 2023, issued by the Company to ONE44 Capital LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.20 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 21, 2023) 4.20 8% Convertible Promissory Note, dated June 29, 2023, issued to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 29, 2023) 4.21 Form of Warrant dated July 5, 2023, issued to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 29, 2023) 4.22 8% Convertible Promissory Note, dated July 19, 2023, issued to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 8, 2023). 48 4.23 10% Original Issue Discount Promissory Note, dated August 15, 2023, issued to a Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 21, 2023) 4.24 8% Convertible Promissory Note, dated August 16, 2023, issued to an Investor (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 21, 2023) 4.25 8% Convertible Redeemable Note, dated August 23, 2023 issued to an Investor (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 29, 2023) 10.1 Debt Settlement Agreement between the Company and James Nathanielsz, dated February 4, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on February 17, 2015). 10.2 Debt Settlement Agreement between the Company and Julian Kenyon, dated February 4, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on February 17, 2015). 10.3† Employment Agreement entered into as of February 25, 2015 by and between James Nathanielsz and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on March 25, 2016). 10.4† Director Agreement entered into as of February 25, 2015 by and between Julian Kenyon and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on March 25, 2016). 10.5† Form of Scientific Advisory Board Member Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on March 25, 2016. 10.6† Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement entered into as of April 14, 2016 by and between James Nathanielsz and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Quarterly Repo