Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Risk
We are exposed to risk related to changes in interest rates on our outstanding borrowings. We had $720.1 million of outstanding floating rate debt as of December 31, 2024. A 100-basis point increase in interest rates as of December 31, 2024 would increase our annual pre-tax interest expense by approximately $7.2 million.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
China Exchange Rate Regime
RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies for capital account transactions. The State Administration of Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the People’s Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions and China’s foreign exchange prices. Since 2005, the RMB has been permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. The RMB compared to the U.S. dollar depreciated approximately 2.8% for both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and depreciated approximately 8.2% for the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.
Transactional Risk
We are exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures when we enter into transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, and our most significant functional currencies are the U.S. dollar and the RMB. A portion of our operating transactions and monetary assets and liabilities are in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and RMB, primarily the U.S. dollar against the RMB, Euro, and Australian dollar. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recognized foreign exchange losses of $16.0 million, $64.8 million and $233.8 million, respectively, resulting from the strengthening of the U.S. dollar compared to the RMB and the revaluation impact of RMB-denominated deposits held in U.S. dollar functional currency entities, including the Parent Company. As of December 31, 2024, the Parent Company held RMB-denominated deposits of $220.4 million. A hypothetical 10% appreciation in the U.S. dollar exchange rate compared with the RMB as of December 31, 2024 would have resulted in an increase in foreign exchange loss of approximately $20.0 million.
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Translational Risk
We also face foreign currency exposure that arises from translating the results of our global operations to the U.S. dollar at exchange rates that have fluctuated from the beginning of the period, primarily the RMB against the U.S. dollar. A significant depreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our foreign cash balances and trade receivables. Further, volatility in exchange rate fluctuations may have a significant impact on the foreign currency translation adjustments recorded in other comprehensive income (loss).
We have not used derivative financial instruments to reduce the effect of fluctuating currency exchange rates.
Effects of Inflation
Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and clinical trial costs. We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations during the year ended December 31, 2024.
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