OMNICOM GROUP INC. 10-Q

Item 1. Financial Statements OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 (Unaudited) ASSETS: Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,378.3 $ 4,339.4 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 15.5 and $ 15.0 8,229.0 9,242.0 Work in process 1,930.2 1,622.2 Other current assets 1,097.8 1,019.4 Total Current Assets 14,635.3 16,223.0 Property and Equipment at cost, less accumulated depreciation of $ 1,141.8 and $ 1,096.9 830.0 824.7 Operating Lease Right-Of-Use Assets 1,027.8 1,043.6 Equity Method Investments 61.2 59.0 Goodwill 10,781.5 10,677.4 Intangible Assets, net of accumulated amortization of $ 855.2 and $ 832.4 512.9 522.0 Other Assets 265.0 271.0 TOTAL ASSETS $ 28,113.7 $ 29,620.7 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY: Current Liabilities: Accounts payable $ 10,764.8 $ 12,484.4 Customer advances 1,283.5 1,336.1 Short-term debt 19.1 21.3 Taxes payable 425.4 402.5 Other current liabilities 2,052.6 2,056.0 Total Current Liabilities 14,545.4 16,300.3 Long-Term Liabilities 805.0 804.2 Long-Term Liability - Operating Leases 792.4 814.2 Long-Term Debt 6,116.5 6,035.3 Deferred Tax Liabilities 486.0 491.8 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 10) Temporary Equity - Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests 434.7 429.0 Equity: Shareholders’ Equity: Preferred stock — — Common stock 44.6 44.6 Additional paid-in capital 495.4 472.1 Retained earnings 11,650.4 11,500.5 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ( 1,395.8 ) ( 1,475.9 ) Treasury stock, at cost ( 6,421.4 ) ( 6,347.8 ) Total Shareholders’ Equity 4,373.2 4,193.5 Noncontrolling interests 560.5 552.4 Total Equity 4,933.7 4,745.9 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY $ 28,113.7 $ 29,620.7 The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements. 1 OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited) (In millions, except per share amounts) Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Revenue $ 3,690.4 $ 3,630.5 Operating Expenses: Salary and service costs 2,746.3 2,692.6 Occupancy and other costs 314.6 314.1 Cost of services 3,060.9 3,006.7 Selling, general and administrative expenses 117.9 85.3 Depreciation and amortization 59.0 59.6 Total Operating Expenses 3,237.8 3,151.6 Operating Income 452.6 478.9 Interest Expense 59.1 53.8 Interest Income 29.7 27.0 Income Before Income Taxes and Income From Equity Method Investments 423.2 452.1 Income Tax Expense 120.7 116.0 Income From Equity Method Investments 0.9 0.9 Net Income 303.4 337.0 Net Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests 15.7 18.4 Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc. $ 287.7 $ 318.6 Net Income Per Share - Omnicom Group Inc.: Basic $ 1.46 $ 1.61 Diluted $ 1.45 $ 1.59 Weighted Average Shares: Basic 196.7 197.9 Diluted 198.3 200.1 The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements. 2 OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) (In millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Net Income $ 303.4 $ 337.0 Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): Cash flow hedge: Amortization of loss included in interest expense 1.4 1.4 Income tax effect ( 0.4 ) ( 0.4 ) Cash flow hedge, net of tax 1.0 1.0 Pension and other postemployment benefits: Amortization of prior service cost 1.7 1.2 Amortization of actuarial losses 0.5 0.3 Income tax effect ( 1.8 ) ( 1.7 ) Pension plans and other postemployment benefits, net of tax 0.4 ( 0.2 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment 83.7 ( 86.3 ) Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 85.1 ( 85.5 ) Comprehensive Income 388.5 251.5 Comprehensive Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests 20.7 11.2 Comprehensive Income - Omnicom Group Inc. $ 367.8 $ 240.3 The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements. 3 OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Unaudited) (In millions, except per share amounts) Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Common Stock, shares 297.2 297.2 Common Stock, par value $ 44.6 $ 44.6 Additional Paid In Capital: Beginning Balance 472.1 492.0 Net change in noncontrolling interests ( 1.4 ) 24.6 Change in temporary equity ( 0.1 ) ( 16.4 ) Share-based compensation 20.8 22.1 Stock issued, share-based compensation 4.0 ( 10.3 ) Ending Balance 495.4 512.0 Retained Earnings: Beginning Balance 11,500.5 10,571.5 Net income 287.7 318.6 Common stock dividends declared ( 137.8 ) ( 138.8 ) Ending Balance 11,650.4 10,751.3 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): Beginning Balance ( 1,475.9 ) ( 1,337.6 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 80.1 ( 78.3 ) Ending Balance ( 1,395.8 ) ( 1,415.9 ) Treasury Stock: Beginning Balance ( 6,347.8 ) ( 6,154.2 ) Stock issued, share-based compensation 7.9 13.6 Common stock repurchased ( 81.5 ) ( 181.9 ) Ending Balance ( 6,421.4 ) ( 6,322.5 ) Shareholders' Equity 4,373.2 3,569.5 Noncontrolling Interests: Beginning Balance 552.4 608.8 Net income 15.7 18.4 Other comprehensive income (loss) 5.0 ( 7.2 ) Dividends to noncontrolling interests ( 13.0 ) ( 13.3 ) Net change in noncontrolling interests 0.4 ( 42.0 ) Ending Balance 560.5 564.7 Total Equity $ 4,933.7 $ 4,134.2 Dividends Declared Per Common Share $ 0.70 $ 0.70 The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements. 4 OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (In millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Cash Flows From Operating Activities: Net income $ 303.4 $ 337.0 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization of right-of-use assets 33.2 33.8 Amortization of intangible assets 25.8 25.8 Share-based compensation 20.8 22.1 Other, net 3.3 ( 3.6 ) Use of operating capital ( 1,173.3 ) ( 1,033.6 ) Net Cash Used In Operating Activities ( 786.8 ) ( 618.5 ) Cash Flows From Investing Activities: Capital expenditures ( 29.5 ) ( 23.1 ) Acquisition of businesses and interests in affiliates, net of cash acquired ( 0.8 ) ( 801.5 ) Other, net 43.0 ( 13.7 ) Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Investing Activities 12.7 ( 838.3 ) Cash Flows From Financing Activities: Proceeds from borrowings — 645.9 Change in short-term debt ( 3.2 ) 0.3 Dividends paid to common shareholders ( 137.7 ) ( 138.8 ) Repurchases of common stock ( 81.0 ) ( 180.1 ) Proceeds from stock plans 11.5 2.1 Acquisition of additional noncontrolling interests ( 0.4 ) ( 10.4 ) Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest shareholders ( 13.0 ) ( 13.3 ) Payment of contingent purchase price obligations ( 2.8 ) ( 0.5 ) Other, net ( 14.8 ) ( 21.8 ) Net Cash (Used In) Provided By Financing Activities ( 241.4 ) 283.4 Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 54.4 ( 85.8 ) Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents ( 961.1 ) ( 1,259.2 ) Cash and Cash Equivalents at the Beginning of Period 4,339.4 4,432.0 Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of Period $ 3,378.3 $ 3,172.8 The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements. 5 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 1. Presentation of Financial Statements The terms “Omnicom,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” each refer to Omnicom Group Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP or GAAP, for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures have been condensed or omitted. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Unless otherwise noted, dollars in tables are in millions, except per share amounts. In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the information contained herein. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, or 2024 10-K. Results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year. Agreement to Acquire IPG On December 8, 2024, Omnicom entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the Merger Agreement, by and among Omnicom, EXT Subsidiary Inc., a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Omnicom, or Merger Sub, and The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc., or IPG, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into IPG, or the Merger, with IPG surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Omnicom. On March 18, 2025, the shareholders of each of Omnicom and IPG approved the Merger. The completion of the Merger is subject to customary closing conditions, including required regulatory approvals, which are ongoing. If completed, the Merger is expected to have a material impact on our ongoing results of operations and financial condition. In the first quarter of 2025, we recorded $ 33.8 million of acquisition related costs related to the Merger in selling, general and administrative expenses. The results of IPG are not included in our 2025 or 2024 results of operations or financial position. Risks and Uncertainties Global economic conditions and disruptions, including geopolitical events, international hostilities, acts of terrorism, public health crises, inflation or stagflation, tariffs and other trade barriers, central bank interest rate policies in countries that comprise our major markets, labor and supply chain issues affecting the distribution of our clients’ products, or a disruption in the credit markets could cause economic uncertainty and volatility. The impact of these issues on our business will vary by geographic market and discipline. We monitor economic conditions closely, as well as client revenue levels and other factors. In response to reductions in revenue, we can take actions to align our cost structure with changes in client demand and manage our working capital. However, there can be no assurance as to the effectiveness of our efforts to mitigate any impact of the current and future adverse economic conditions, reductions in client revenue, changes in client creditworthiness and other developments. Accounting Changes On January 1, 2025, ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), became effective and requires, among other things, greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and for paid income taxes to be disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 affects financial statement disclosure only, which is not required until year end 2025 and, as a result, does not affect our results of operations or financial condition. 2. Revenue Nature of our services We provide data-inspired, creative marketing and sales solutions through various client-centric networks that are organized to meet specific client objectives. Our networks, practice areas and agencies provide a comprehensive range of services in the following fundamental disciplines: Media & Advertising, Precision Marketing, Public Relations, Healthcare, Branding & Retail Commerce, Experiential, and Execution & Support. Media & Advertising includes creative services across digital and traditional media, strategic media planning and buying, performance media, data analytics services, and Omnicom Production. Precision Marketing includes digital and direct marketing, digital transformation consulting, e-commerce operations, media execution, market intelligence and data and analytics. Public Relations services include corporate communications, crisis management, public affairs and media and media relations services. Healthcare includes corporate communications and advertising and media services to global healthcare and pharmaceutical companies. Branding & Retail Commerce services include brand and product consulting, strategy and research and retail marketing. Experiential marketing services include live and digital events and experience design and execution. Execution & Support includes field marketing, sales support, digital and physical merchandising, point-of-sale and product placement, as well as other specialized marketing and custom communications services. At the core of all our services is the ability to create or develop a client’s marketing or corporate communications message into content that can be delivered to a target audience across different communications mediums. 6 Economic factors affecting our revenue Global economic conditions and disruptions have a direct impact on our revenue. Adverse economic conditions and disruptions pose a risk that our clients may reduce, postpone or cancel spending for our services, which would impact our revenue. Revenue by discipline: Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Media & Advertising $ 2,048.2 $ 1,954.2 Precision Marketing 450.3 425.4 Public Relations 362.7 383.5 Healthcare 305.7 317.0 Branding & Retail Commerce 159.5 185.5 Experiential 154.2 155.7 Execution & Support 209.8 209.2 Revenue $ 3,690.4 $ 3,630.5 Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, we realigned the classification of certain services, primarily within our Media & Advertising, Branding & Retail Commerce, Precision Marketing and Public Relations disciplines. As a result, we reclassified the prior year periods to be consistent with the revised classifications. Revenue by geographic market: Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Americas: North America $ 2,111.5 $ 2,040.9 Latin America 96.4 96.5 EMEA: Europe 995.0 1,005.8 Middle East and Africa 70.8 79.6 Asia-Pacific 416.7 407.7 Revenue $ 3,690.4 $ 3,630.5 The Americas is comprised of North America, which includes the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico, and Latin America, which includes South America and Mexico. EMEA is comprised of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Asia-Pacific includes Australia, Greater China, India, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Singapore and other Asian countries. Revenue in the United States for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $ 2,007.0 million and $ 1,925.9 million, respectively. Contract balances Contract balances include work in process and customer advances that primarily consist of advance billings to customers in accordance with the terms of the client contracts, primarily for the reimbursement of third-party costs. March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 March 31, 2024 Work in process: Media and production costs $ 899.2 $ 864.0 $ 788.8 Unbilled fees and costs and contract assets 1,031.0 758.2 922.8 Work in process $ 1,930.2 $ 1,622.2 $ 1,711.6 Customer advances $ 1,283.5 $ 1,336.1 $ 1,238.2 There were no impairment charges recorded in work in process in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. 7 3. Net Income per Share Basic and diluted net income per share: Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc. $ 287.7 $ 318.6 Weighted Average Shares (millions): Basic 196.7 197.9 Dilutive stock options and restricted shares 1.6 2.2 Diluted 198.3 200.1 Anti-dilutive stock options and restricted shares (millions) 1.1 — Net Income per Share - Omnicom Group Inc.: Basic $ 1.46 $ 1.61 Diluted $ 1.45 $ 1.59 4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Change in goodwill: Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 January 1 $ 10,677.4 $ 10,082.3 Acquisitions 2.4 688.3 Noncontrolling interests in acquired businesses 2.5 — Contingent purchase price obligations of acquired businesses 2.4 — Dispositions ( 20.6 ) ( 5.9 ) Foreign currency translation 117.4 ( 70.9 ) March 31 $ 10,781.5 $ 10,693.8 The increase in goodwill in the three months ended March 31, 2024 is primarily attributable to the acquisition of Flywheel Digital in January 2024. There were no goodwill impairment charges recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and there are no accumulated goodwill impairment charges. Intangible assets: March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Acquired intangible assets and internally developed strategic platform assets $ 1,095.6 $ ( 614.7 ) $ 480.9 $ 1,096.1 $ ( 606.1 ) $ 490.0 Other purchased and internally developed software 272.5 ( 240.5 ) 32.0 258.3 ( 226.3 ) 32.0 Total Intangible Assets $ 1,368.1 $ ( 855.2 ) $ 512.9 $ 1,354.4 $ ( 832.4 ) $ 522.0 Amortization of intangible assets: Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Acquired intangible assets and internally developed strategic platform assets $ 21.8 $ 21.5 Other purchased and internally developed software 4.0 4.3 Amortization Expense $ 25.8 $ 25.8 8 5. Debt Credit Facilities Our $ 2.5 billion unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility, or Credit Facility, terminates on June 2, 2028 . We can issue up to $ 2 billion of U.S. Dollar denominated commercial paper, and issue up to the equivalent of $ 500 million in British Pounds or Euro under a Euro commercial paper program. In addition, certain of our international subsidiaries have uncommitted credit lines that are guaranteed by Omnicom, aggregating $ 520.6 million. All of these facilities provide additional liquidity sources for operating capital and general corporate purposes. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no drawings under the Credit Facility and no commercial paper issuances. The Credit Facility has a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a Leverage Ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and non-cash charges) of no more than 3.5 times for the most recently ended 12-month period. At March 31, 2025, we were in compliance with this covenant as our Leverage Ratio was 2.4 times. The Credit Facility does not limit our ability to declare or pay dividends or repurchase our common stock. Short-Term Debt Short-term debt of $ 19.1 million and $ 21.3 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, represented bank overdrafts and short-term borrowings primarily of our international subsidiaries. Due to the short-term nature of this debt, carrying value approximates fair value. Long-Term Debt Long-term debt: March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 3.60 % Senior Notes due 2026 $ 1,400.0 $ 1,400.0 € 500 million 0.80 % Senior Notes due 2027 541.3 520.3 2.45 % Senior Notes due 2030 600.0 600.0 4.20 % Senior Notes due 2030 600.0 600.0 € 500 million 1.40 % Senior Notes due 2031 541.3 520.3 2.60 % Senior Notes due 2031 800.0 800.0 € 600 million 3.70 % Senior Notes due 2032 649.6 624.5 £ 325 million 2.25 % Senior Notes due 2033 420.6 407.9 5.30 % Senior Notes due 2034 600.0 600.0 Long-Term Debt, Gross 6,152.8 6,073.0 Unamortized discount ( 9.3 ) ( 9.5 ) Unamortized debt issuance costs ( 26.4 ) ( 27.4 ) Unamortized deferred loss from settlement of interest rate swap ( 0.6 ) ( 0.8 ) Long-Term Debt $ 6,116.5 $ 6,035.3 The 2.45 % Senior Notes due 2030, 4.20 % Senior Notes due 2030, 2.60 % Senior Notes due 2031 and 5.30 % Senior Notes due 2034 are senior unsecured obligations of Omnicom that rank equal in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness. Omnicom and its wholly owned finance subsidiary, Omnicom Capital Inc., or OCI, are co-obligors under the 3.60 % Senior Notes due April 2026. These notes are a joint and several liability of Omnicom and OCI, and Omnicom unconditionally guarantees OCI’s obligations with respect to the notes. OCI provides funding for our operations by incurring debt and lending the proceeds to our operating subsidiaries. OCI’s assets primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and intercompany loans made to our operating subsidiaries, and the related interest receivable. There are no restrictions on the ability of OCI or Omnicom to obtain funds from our subsidiaries through dividends, loans, or advances. Such notes are senior unsecured obligations that rank equal in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness. Omnicom and OCI have, jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligations of Omnicom Finance Holdings plc, or OFH, a U.K.-based wholly owned subsidiary of Omnicom, with respect to the € 500 million 0.80 % Senior Notes due 2027 and the € 500 million 1.40 % Senior Notes due 2031, and Omnicom has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligations of OFH with respect to the € 600 million 3.70 % Senior Notes due 2032, collectively the Euro Notes. OFH’s assets consist of its investments in several wholly owned finance companies that function as treasury centers, providing funding for various operating companies in Europe, Australia, and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The finance companies’ assets consist of cash and cash equivalents and intercompany loans that they make or have made to the operating companies in their respective regions and the related interest receivable. There are no restrictions on the ability of Omnicom, OCI or OFH to obtain funds from their subsidiaries through dividends, loans, or advances. The Euro Notes and the related guarantees are senior 9 unsecured obligations that rank equal in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness of OFH and each of Omnicom and OCI, as applicable. Omnicom has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligations of Omnicom Capital Holdings plc, or OCH, a U.K.-based wholly owned subsidiary of Omnicom, with respect to the £ 325 million 2.25 % Senior Notes due 2033, or the Sterling Notes. OCH’s assets consist of its investments in several wholly owned finance companies that function as treasury centers, providing funding for various operating companies in EMEA, Australia, and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The finance companies’ assets consist of cash and cash equivalents and intercompany loans that they make or have made to the operating companies in their respective regions and the related interest receivable. There are no restrictions on the ability of Omnicom or OCH to obtain funds from their subsidiaries through dividends, loans, or advances. The Sterling Notes and the related guarantee are senior unsecured obligations that rank equal in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness of OCH and Omnicom, respectively. 6. Segment Reporting Our branded agency networks operate in the advertising, marketing and corporate communications services industry, and are organized into agency networks, virtual client networks, regional reporting units and operating groups or practice areas. Our networks, virtual client networks and agencies increasingly share clients and provide clients with integrated services. The main economic components of each agency are employee compensation and related costs, direct service costs and occupancy and other costs, which include rent and occupancy costs, technology costs and overhead expenses. Therefore, given these similarities, we aggregate our operating segments, which are our agency networks, into one reporting segment. The chief operating decision maker, or CODM, reviews segment operating income for each network and allocates resources accordingly. The CODM includes Omnicom’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer. Segment operating results include allocations of costs, including information technology, and other shared services costs, that are allocated using metrics designed to correlate the allocation with consumption. Segment revenue, segment operating expenses and segment operating income of our operating segments: Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Revenue $ 3,690.4 $ 3,630.5 Segment Operating Expenses: Salary and service costs: Salary and related costs $ 1,780.5 $ 1,847.3 Third-party service costs 796.8 698.2 Third-party incidental costs 169.0 147.1 Total salary and service costs 2,746.3 2,692.6 Occupancy and other costs 314.6 314.1 Segment cost of services 3,060.9 3,006.7 Selling, general and administrative expenses 84.1 85.3 Depreciation and amortization 59.0 59.6 Total segment operating expenses 3,204.0 3,151.6 Segment Operating Income $ 486.4 $ 478.9 Reconciliation of segment operating income to income before income taxes and income from equity method investments: Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Segment Operating Income $ 486.4 $ 478.9 Acquisition related costs 33.8 — Operating Income 452.6 478.9 Interest Expense 59.1 53.8 Interest Income 29.7 27.0 Income Before Income Taxes and Income From Equity Method Investments $ 423.2 $ 452.1 We reconcile segment operating income to income before income taxes and income from equity method investments as income tax expense is reviewed at the consolidated level and the segment managers are not held accountable for performance of net income. 10 The agency networks' regional reporting units comprise three principal regions: the Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. The regional reporting units monitor the performance and are responsible for the agencies in their region. Agencies within the regional reporting units serve similar clients in similar industries and, in many cases, the same clients and have similar economic characteristics. Revenue and long-lived assets and goodwill by geographic region: Americas EMEA Asia-Pacific March 31, 2025 Revenue - Three months ended $ 2,207.9 $ 1,065.8 $ 416.7 Long-lived assets and goodwill $ 8,135.0 $ 3,813.2 $ 691.1 March 31, 2024 Revenue - Three months ended $ 2,137.4 $ 1,085.4 $ 407.7 Long-lived assets and goodwill $ 8,092.0 $ 3,776.5 $ 706.6 7. Income Taxes Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased period-over-period to 28.5 % from 25.7 %, due primarily to the non-deductibility of acquisition related costs related to the pending merger with IPG (see Note 1 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements). The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 includes the favorable impact from the resolution of certain non-U.S. tax positions of $ 7.5 million. Numerous foreign jurisdictions have enacted legislation to adopt a minimum effective tax rate described in the Global Anti-Base Erosion, or Pillar Two, model rules issued by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, or OECD. Under such rules, a minimum effective tax rate of 15% applies to multinational companies with consolidated revenue above €750 million. Under the Pillar Two rules, a company is required to determine a combined effective tax rate for all entities located in a jurisdiction. If the jurisdictional effective tax rate determined under the Pillar Two rules is less than 15%, a top-up tax will be due to bring the jurisdictional effective tax rate up to 15%. We are continuing to monitor Pillar Two legislative developments and the effects of Pillar Two on our business. The provisions effective in 2025 do not have a materially adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. At March 31, 2025, our unrecognized tax benefits were $ 177.9 million. Of this amount, approximately $ 171.6 million would affect our effective tax rate upon resolution of the uncertain tax positions. 8. Pension and Other Postemployment Benefits Pension and other postemployment benefits net periodic benefit expense: Defined Benefit Pension Plans Postemployment Arrangements Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Service cost $ 1.5 $ 0.6 $ 0.5 $ 0.8 Interest cost 1.8 1.0 1.4 1.5 Expected return on plan assets ( 0.2 ) ( 0.2 ) — — Amortization of prior service cost 0.8 0.1 0.9 1.1 Amortization of actuarial losses 0.5 0.2 — 0.1 Total net periodic benefit expense $ 4.4 $ 1.7 $ 2.8 $ 3.5 In each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we contributed $ 0.1 million to the defined benefit pension plans. 11 9. Supplemental Cash Flow Data Change in operating capital: Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 (Increase) decrease in accounts receivable $ 1,128.1 $ 884.2 (Increase) decrease in work in process and other current assets ( 344.6 ) ( 393.9 ) Increase (decrease) in accounts payable ( 1,847.5 ) ( 1,347.0 ) Increase (decrease) in customer advances, taxes payable and other current liabilities ( 67.9 ) ( 157.8 ) Change in other assets and liabilities, net ( 41.4 ) ( 19.1 ) Increase (decrease) in operating capital $ ( 1,173.3 ) $ ( 1,033.6 ) Supplemental financial information: Income taxes paid $ 67.1 $ 69.4 Interest paid $ 33.6 $ 8.5 Non-cash increase in lease liabilities: Operating leases $ 37.1 $ 47.2 Finance leases $ 8.0 $ 12.3 10. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various legal proceedings. We do not presently expect that such proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position. 11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes: Cash Flow Hedge Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Postemployment Arrangements Foreign Currency Translation Total Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 January 1 $ ( 5.0 ) $ ( 25.5 ) $ ( 1,445.4 ) $ ( 1,475.9 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — — 78.7 78.7 Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1.0 0.4 — 1.4 March 31 $ ( 4.0 ) $ ( 25.1 ) $ ( 1,366.7 ) $ ( 1,395.8 ) Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 January 1 $ ( 8.1 ) $ ( 42.7 ) $ ( 1,286.8 ) $ ( 1,337.6 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — — ( 79.1 ) ( 79.1 ) Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1.0 ( 0.2 ) — 0.8 March 31 $ ( 7.1 ) $ ( 42.9 ) $ ( 1,365.9 ) $ ( 1,415.9 ) 12. Fair Value Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: March 31, 2025 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,378.3 $ 3,378.3 Marketable equity securities 0.9 0.9 Cross currency swaps - net investment hedge $ 6.1 6.1 Liabilities: Contingent purchase price obligations $ 223.1 $ 223.1 12 December 31, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,339.4 $ 4,339.4 Marketable equity securities 0.9 0.9 Cross currency swaps - net investment hedge $ 9.3 9.3 Liabilities: Foreign currency derivatives $ 0.1 $ 0.1 Contingent purchase price obligations $ 220.1 220.1 Changes in contingent purchase price obligations: Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 January 1 $ 220.1 $ 229.5 Acquisitions 2.8 26.5 Revaluation and interest 3.1 3.2 Payments ( 2.8 ) ( 0.5 ) Foreign currency translation ( 0.1 ) ( 0.1 ) March 31 $ 223.1 $ 258.6 Carrying amount and fair value of our financial assets and liabilities: March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,378.3 $ 3,378.3 $ 4,339.4 $ 4,339.4 Marketable equity securities 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Non-marketable equity securities 37.0 37.0 36.8 36.8 Cross currency swaps - net investment hedge 6.1 6.1 9.3 9.3 Liabilities: Short-term debt $ 19.1 $ 19.1 $ 21.3 $ 21.3 Foreign currency derivatives — — 0.1 0.1 Contingent purchase price obligations 223.1 223.1 220.1 220.1 Long-term debt 6,116.5 5,780.1 6,035.3 5,664.9 The estimated fair value of the foreign currency derivatives and the cross-currency swaps are determined using model-derived valuations, taking into consideration foreign currency rates, interest rates, and counterparty credit risk. The estimated fair value of the contingent purchase price obligations is calculated in accordance with the terms of each acquisition agreement and is discounted. The fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices. 13. Subsequent Events We have evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date and determined that there have not been any events that have occurred that would require additional adjustments to, or disclosures in, these unaudited consolidated financial statements. 13