NVE CORP /NEW/ 10-Q

NVE CORP - Form 10-Q SEC filing UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q (Mark One) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2024 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 000-12196 NVE CORP ORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Minnesota 41-1424202 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 1 1409 Valley View Road , Eden Prairie , Minnesota 55344 ( Address of principal executive offices ) (Zip Code) ( 952 ) 829-9217 ( Registrant’s telephone number, including area code ) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.01 par value NVEC The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. Common Stock, $ 0.01 Par Value – 4,837,166 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024. Table of Contents NVE CORPORATION QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Financial Statements Balance Sheets Statements of Income for the Quarters Ended December 31 , 202 4 and 202 3 Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Quarters Ended December 31 , 202 4 and 202 3 Statements of Income for the Nine Month s Ended December 31 , 202 4 and 202 3 Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Nine Month s Ended December 31 , 202 4 and 202 3 Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended December 31 , 202 4 and 202 3 Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended December 31 , 202 4 Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended December 31 , 202 3 Notes to Financial Statements Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 4. Controls and Procedures PART II. OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 6. Exhibits SIGNATURES 2 Table of Contents PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Financial Statements. NVE CORPORATION BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) December 31, 2024 March 31, 2024* ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,485,684 $ 10,283,550 Marketable securities, short-term (amortized cost of $ 14,993,163 as of December 31, 2024, and $ 12,283,630 as of March 31, 2024) 14,907,252 11,917,779 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 15,000 as of December 31 and March 31, 2024 1,355,064 3,144,833 Inventories 7,787,624 7,158,585 Prepaid expenses and other assets 736,481 689,349 Total current assets 30,272,105 33,194,096 Fixed assets Machinery and equipment 11,663,886 10,501,096 Leasehold improvements 1,956,309 1,956,309 13,620,195 12,457,405 Less accumulated depreciation 11,645,199 11,403,383 Net fixed assets 1,974,996 1,054,022 Deferred tax assets 1,689,207 1,453,704 Marketable securities, long-term (amortized cost of $ 29,996,231 as of December 31, 2024, and $ 31,417,890 as of March 31, 2024) 29,704,367 30,788,301 Right-of-use asset – operating lease 947,889 289,910 Total assets $ 64,588,564 $ 66,780,033 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable $ 154,683 $ 127,154 Accrued payroll and other 511,589 729,215 Operating lease liability 84,838 179,372 Total current liabilities 751,110 1,035,741 Long-term operating lease liability 864,966 175,775 Total liabilities 1,616,076 1,211,516 Shareholders’ equity Common stock, $ 0.01 par value, 6,000,000 shares authorized; 4,837,166 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 4,833,676 as of March 31, 2024 48,372 48,337 Additional paid-in capital 19,806,845 19,554,812 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 295,358 ) ( 777,637 ) Retained earnings 43,412,629 46,743,005 Total shareholders’ equity 62,972,488 65,568,517 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 64,588,564 $ 66,780,033 *The March 31, 2024 Balance Sheet is derived from the audited financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. See accompanying notes. 3 Table of Contents NVE CORPORATION STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited ) Quarter Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Revenue Product sales $ 4,960,488 $ 6,366,009 Contract research and development 102,557 390,251 Total revenue 5,063,045 6,756,260 Cost of sales 797,622 1,355,067 Gross profit 4,265,423 5,401,193 Expenses Research and development 869,677 540,895 Selling, general, and administrative 434,783 389,311 Total expenses 1,304,460 930,206 Income from operations 2,960,963 4,470,987 Interest income 474,180 491,671 Other income 135,057 - Income before taxes 3,570,200 4,962,658 Provision for income taxes 521,790 778,236 Net income $ 3,048,410 $ 4,184,422 Net income per share – basic $ 0.63 $ 0.87 Net income per share – diluted $ 0.63 $ 0.87 Cash dividends declared per common share $ 1.00 $ 1.00 Weighted average shares outstanding Basic 4,835,262 4,833,401 Diluted 4,839,124 4,837,230 STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) Quarter Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Net income $ 3,048,410 $ 4,184,422 Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax ( 226,848 ) 748,830 Comprehensive income $ 2,821,562 $ 4,933,252 See accompanying notes. 4 Table of Contents NVE CORPORATION STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited ) Nine Months Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Revenue Product sales $ 17,680,780 $ 22,183,223 Contract research and development 924,199 537,727 Total revenue 18,604,979 22,720,950 Cost of sales 2,720,370 5,034,556 Gross profit 15,884,609 17,686,394 Expenses Research and development 2,595,808 1,920,095 Selling, general, and administrative 1,543,428 1,298,211 Provision for credit losses - 9,514 Total expenses 4,139,236 3,227,820 Income from operations 11,745,373 14,458,574 Interest income 1,432,568 1,440,289 Other income 135,057 - Income before taxes 13,312,998 15,898,863 Provision for income taxes 2,140,856 2,587,145 Net income $ 11,172,142 $ 13,311,718 Net income per share – basic $ 2.31 $ 2.75 Net income per share – diluted $ 2.31 $ 2.75 Cash dividends declared per common share $ 3.00 $ 3.00 Weighted average shares outstanding Basic 4,834,382 4,832,992 Diluted 4,839,247 4,839,725 STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) Nine Months Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Net income $ 11,172,142 $ 13,311,718 Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax 482,279 460,541 Comprehensive income $ 11,654,421 $ 13,772,259 See accompanying notes. 5 Table of Contents NVE CORPORATION STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS ’ EQUITY (Unaudited) Accumulated Additional Other Common Stock Paid-In Comprehensive Retained Shares Amount Capital Income (Loss) Earnings Total Balance as of March 31, 2024 4,833,676 $ 48,337 $ 19,554,812 $ ( 777,637 ) $ 46,743,005 $ 65,568,517 Comprehensive income: Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax 28,710 28,710 Net income 4,097,587 4,097,587 Total comprehensive income 4,126,297 Stock-based compensation 18,442 18,442 Cash dividends ($1.00 per share of common stock) ( 4,833,676 ) ( 4,833,676 ) Balance as of June 30, 2024 4,833,676 $ 48,337 $ 19,573,254 $ ( 748,927 ) $ 46,006,916 $ 64,879,580 Exercise of stock options 344 3 ( 32 ) ( 29 ) Comprehensive income: Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax 680,417 680,417 Net income 4,026,145 4,026,145 Total comprehensive income 4,706,562 Stock-based compensation 105,203 105,203 Cash dividends ($1.00 per share of common stock) ( 4,833,676 ) ( 4,833,676 ) Balance as of September 30, 2024 4,834,020 $ 48,340 $ 19,678,425 $ ( 68,510 ) $ 45,199,385 $ 64,857,640 Exercise of stock options 3,146 32 114,159 114,191 Comprehensive income: Unrealized loss on marketable securities, net of tax ( 226,848 ) ( 226,848 ) Net income 3,048,410 3,048,410 Total comprehensive income 2,821,562 Stock-based compensation 14,261 14,261 Cash dividends ($1.00 per share of common stock) ( 4,835,166 ) ( 4,835,166 ) Balance as of December 31, 2024 4,837,166 $ 48,372 $ 19,806,845 $ ( 295,358 ) $ 43,412,629 $ 62,972,488 See accompanying notes. 6 Table of Contents NVE CORPORATION STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS ’ EQUITY (Unaudited) Accumulated Additional Other Common Stock Paid-In Comprehensive Retained Shares Amount Capital Income (Loss) Earnings Total Balance as of March 31, 2023 4,830,826 $ 48,308 $ 19,295,442 $ ( 1,213,858 ) $ 48,949,610 $ 67,079,502 Exercise of stock options 2,575 26 117,501 117,527 Comprehensive income: Unrealized loss on marketable securities, net of tax ( 234,701 ) ( 234,701 ) Net income 4,403,730 4,403,730 Total comprehensive income 4,169,029 Stock-based compensation 10,536 10,536 Cash dividends declared ($1.00 per share of common stock) ( 4,830,826 ) ( 4,830,826 ) Balance as of June 30, 2023 4,833,401 $ 48,334 $ 19,423,479 $ ( 1,448,559 ) $ 48,522,514 $ 66,545,768 Comprehensive income: Unrealized loss on marketable securities, net of tax ( 53,588 ) ( 53,588 ) Net income 4,723,566 4,723,566 Total comprehensive income 4,669,978 Stock-based compensation 106,312 106,312 Cash dividends declared ($1.00 per share of common stock) ( 4,833,401 ) ( 4,833,401 ) Balance as of September 30, 2023 4,833,401 $ 48,334 $ 19,529,791 $ ( 1,502,147 ) $ 48,412,679 $ 66,488,657 Comprehensive income: Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax 748,830 748,830 Net income 4,184,422 4,184,422 Total comprehensive income 4,933,252 Stock-based compensation 12,544 12,544 Cash dividends declared ($1.00 per share of common stock) ( 4,833,401 ) ( 4,833,401 ) Balance as of December 31, 2023 4,833,401 $ 48,334 $ 19,542,335 $ ( 753,317 ) $ 47,763,700 $ 66,601,052 See accompanying notes. 7 Table of Contents NVE CORPORATION STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) Nine Months Ended December 31, 2024 2023 OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income $ 11,172,142 $ 13,311,718 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation 241,816 231,749 Bonds discount amortization ( 212,554 ) ( 75,676 ) Provision for credit losses - 9,514 Stock-based compensation 137,906 129,392 Deferred income taxes ( 371,436 ) ( 847,235 ) Non-cash operating lease credit ( 63,322 ) ( 20,039 ) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 1,789,769 4,268,102 Inventories ( 629,039 ) ( 932,801 ) Prepaid expenses and other assets ( 47,132 ) 66,154 Accounts payable 27,529 ( 111,011 ) Accrued payroll and other ( 217,626 ) ( 914,836 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 11,828,053 15,115,031 INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchases of fixed assets ( 1,162,790 ) ( 16,731 ) Purchases of marketable securities ( 11,279,773 ) ( 6,103,185 ) Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities 10,205,000 8,400,000 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities ( 2,237,563 ) 2,280,084 FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from exercise of stock options 114,162 117,527 Payment of dividends to shareholders ( 14,502,518 ) ( 14,497,628 ) Net cash used in financing activities ( 14,388,356 ) ( 14,380,101 ) Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents ( 4,797,866 ) 3,015,014 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 10,283,550 1,669,896 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 5,485,684 $ 4,684,910 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: Cash paid during the period for income taxes $ 2,782,289 $ 3,685,861 See accompanying notes. 8 Table of Contents NVE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS We develop and sell devices that use spintronics, a nanotechnology that relies on electron spin rather than electron charge to acquire, store, and transmit information. NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited financial statements of NVE Corporation are prepared consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements. Although we believe that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain disclosures have been omitted as allowed, and the Notes to Financial Statements have been condensed as permitted. It is suggested that these unaudited financial statements be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and Notes included in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. The results of operations for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2025. Significant accounting policies A description of our significant accounting policies and estimates is provided in Note 2 to the Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, there were no changes to our significant accounting policies or estimates. Reclassification The presentation of certain items in the statement of cash flows for the three- and nine-month periods ending December 31, 2023 has been changed to conform to the classifications used in 2024. These reclassifications had no effect on shareholders’ equity, net income, or comprehensive net income as previously reported. NOTE 3. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOT YET ADOPTED In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). ASU 2024-03 aims to enhance transparency for users of financial statements by requiring public business entities to disaggregate specific expense categories. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date , which clarified the effective date for non-calendar year-end entities such as us. ASU 2024-03 mandates disclosures in the notes to financial statements detailing the composition and trends of key expense categories within major income statement captions. These enhanced disclosures are intended to help investors more effectively assess the entity’s performance, understand its cost structure, and make more accurate forecasts of future cash flows. For public business entities, ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, which for us will be for fiscal 2028 and for interim reporting periods beginning with the first quarter of fiscal 2029. The adoption will result in disclosure changes only. We do not expect the adoption of other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date to have a material impact on our financial statements when they are adopted. NOTE 4. NET INCOME PER SHARE Net income per basic share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares issued and outstanding during each period. Net income per diluted share amounts assume exercise of all stock options. The following tables show the components of diluted shares: Quarter Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic 4,835,262 4,833,401 Dilutive effect of stock options 3,862 3,829 Shares used in computing net income per share – diluted 4,839,124 4,837,230 9 Table of Contents Nine Months Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic 4,834,382 4,832,992 Dilutive effect of stock options 4,865 6,733 Shares used in computing net income per share – diluted 4,839,247 4,839,725 NOTE 5. MARKETABLE SECURITIES The following table shows the major categories of our marketable securities and their contractual maturities as of December 31, 2024: Total <1 Year 1–3 Years 3–5 Years Money market funds $ 5,109,218 $ 5,109,218 $ - $ - Treasury securities 4,686,781 - 4,686,781 - Corporate bonds 39,924,838 14,907,252 17,149,882 7,867,704 Total $ 49,720,837 $ 20,016,470 $ 21,836,663 $ 7,867,704 Total marketable securities and money market funds represented approximately 77% of our total assets as of December 31, 2024. Marketable securities as of December 31, 2024, had remaining maturities between 10 weeks and 52 months. Money market funds are included on the balance sheets in “Cash and cash equivalents.” Corporate bonds are included in “Marketable securities, short term” and “Marketable securities, long term.” Treasury securities are included in “Marketable securities, long term.” Accrued interest receivable was $ 354,529 as of December 31, 2024, and $ 460,627 as of March 31, 2024, and is included in the balance sheets in “Prepaid expenses and other assets.” We monitor the credit ratings of our marketable securities at least quarterly as reported by Standard & Poor’s. The following table summarizes the fair values of our marketable securities as of December 31, 2024, aggregated by credit rating: Credit Rating Fair Value AAA $ 9,795,999 AA+ 3,877,878 AA 9,755,138 AA- 18,408,078 A+ 2,915,398 A 4,968,346 Total $ 49,720,837 Because we believe it is more likely than not we will recover the cost basis of our investments, we did not record any allowance attributable to credit losses. None of the marketable securities purchased during the period had experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since its origination and were therefore not considered “Purchased Financial Assets with Credit Deterioration.” The following table shows the estimated fair value of our marketable securities, aggregated by fair value hierarchy inputs used in estimating their fair values: As of December 31, 2024 As of March 31, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Total Level 1 Level 2 Total Money market funds $ 5,109,218 $ - $ 5,109,218 $ 9,842,796 $ - $ 9,842,796 Treasury securities - 4,686,781 4,686,781 - - - Corporate bonds - 39,924,838 39,924,838 - 42,706,080 42,706,080 Total $ 5,109,218 $ 44,611,619 $ 49,720,837 $ 9,842,796 $ 42,706,080 $ 52,548,876 10 Table of Contents The following table shows the amortized cost, fair value and gross unrealized holding gains and losses of our marketable securities as of December 31 and March 31, 2024: As of December 31, 2024 As of March 31, 2024 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Holding Gains Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Holding Gains Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value Money market funds $ 5,109,218 $ - $ - $ 5,109,218 $ 9,842,796 $ - $ - $ 9,842,796 Treasury securities 4,699,645 - ( 12,864 ) 4,686,781 - - - - Corporate bonds 40,289,749 40,688 ( 405,599 ) 39,924,838 43,701,520 930 ( 996,370 ) 42,706,080 Total $ 50,098,612 $ 40,688 $ ( 418,463 ) $ 49,720,837 $ 53,544,316 $ 930 $ ( 996,370 ) $ 52,548,876 The following table shows the gross unrealized holding losses and estimated fair value of our marketable securities, aggregated by category of securities and length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31 and March 31, 2024. Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Holding Losses As of December 31, 2024 Treasury securities $ 4,686,781 $ ( 12,864 ) $ - $ - 4,686,781 ( 12,864 ) Corporate bonds 7,364,614 ( 97,789 ) 25,812,127 ( 307,810 ) $ 33,176,741 $ ( 405,599 ) Total $ 12,051,395 $ ( 110,653 ) $ 25,812,127 $ ( 307,810 ) $ 37,863,522 $ ( 418,463 ) As of March 31, 2024 Corporate bonds $ 3,154,764 $ ( 4,902 ) $ 36,551,534 $ ( 991,468 ) $ 39,706,298 $ ( 996,370 ) Total $ 3,154,764 $ ( 4,902 ) $ 36,551,534 $ ( 991,468 ) $ 39,706,298 $ ( 996,370 ) None of the securities were impaired at acquisition, and subsequent declines in fair value are attributable to interest rate increases. We do not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell, these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. The issuers continue to make timely interest payments on these securities. Unrealized gains and losses on our marketable securities and their tax effects are as follows: Quarter Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities $ ( 290,384 ) $ 958,564 Tax effects 63,536 ( 209,734 ) Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax $ ( 226,848 ) $ 748,830 Nine Months Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Unrealized gain from marketable securities $ 617,665 $ 589,530 Tax effects ( 135,386 ) ( 128,989 ) Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax $ 482,279 $ 460,541 NOTE 6. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES The following table shows a roll forward of the allowance for credit losses on our accounts receivable: Allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2024 $ 15,000 Change in provision for current expected credit losses - Allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2024 $ 15,000 11 Table of Contents NOTE 7. INVENTORIES Inventories are shown in the following table: Dec. 31, 2024 March 31, 2024 Raw materials $ 1,742,871 $ 1,982,657 Work in process 3,795,112 2,641,085 Finished goods 2,249,641 2,534,843 Total inventories $ 7,787,624 $ 7,158,585 NOTE 8. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Stock-based compensation expense was $ 14,261 for the third quarter of fiscal 2025, $ 12,544 for the third quarter of fiscal 2024, $ 137,906 for the first nine months of fiscal 2025, and $ 129,392 for the first nine months of fiscal 2024. We calculate share-based compensation expense using the Black-Scholes-Merton standard option-pricing model . Quarter Ended December 31, Nine Months Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Stock options grant - 4,000 6,500 6,500 Stock options exercised 8,000 - 9,000 4,000 During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024 there were 6,000 and 7,000 stock options, respectively, exchanged in a cashless net option exercise which resulted in 1,146 and 1,490 shares issued, respectively. During the nine months ended December 31, 2023 there were 2,000 stock options exchanged in a cashless net option exercise which resulted in 575 shares issued. NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. As of December 31, 2024, federal and state estimated tax overpayments of $ 301,246 were included in the balance sheet in “Prepaid expenses and other assets.” We had no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024, and we do no t expect any significant unrecognized tax benefits within 12 months of the reporting date. We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2024, we had no accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions. The tax years ended March 31, 2020 through March 31, 2024 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. NOTE 10. LEASES We conduct our operations in a leased facility under a non-cancellable lease expiring May 31, 2031. Effective November 4, 2024 we executed an Amendment extending our lease, which would have expired March 31, 2026 without the Amendment. Liabilities under the lease Amendment are included in the lease-liabilities table below. For further details on obligations under our lease as amended, refer to our Form 8-K/A filed on November 7, 2024 and referenced in Item 6 of this Report. Our lease does not provide an implicit interest rate, so we used our incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of lease payments. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Details of our operating lease are as follows: Quarter Ended December 31, Nine Months Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Operating lease cost $ 44,727 37,754 $ 120,235 113,261 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows for leases $ 45,341 44,433 $ 136,023 133,299 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities Operating lease $ 710,665 - - - Remaining lease term 78 months 78 months Discount rate 7.8 % 7.8 % 12 Table of Contents The following table shows the maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024: Year Ending March 31, Operating Lease Liabilities 2025 46,249 2026 84,995 2027 172,142 2028 213,284 2029 220,216 2030 227,373 2031 234,762 2032 40,399 Total lease payments 1,239,420 Imputed lease interest ( 289,616 ) Total lease liabilities $ 949,804 NOTE 11. STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM On January 21, 2009, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $ 2,500,000 of our Common Stock from time to time in open market, block, or privately negotiated transactions. The timing and extent of any repurchases depend on market conditions, the trading price of the company’s stock, and other factors, and subject to the restrictions relating to volume, price, and timing under applicable law. On August 27, 2015, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized up to $5,000,000 of additional repurchases. Our repurchase program does not have an expiration date and does not obligate us to purchase any shares. The Program may be modified or discontinued at any time without notice. We intend to finance any stock repurchases with cash provided by operating activities or maturing marketable securities. The remaining authorization was $ 3,520,369 as of December 31, 2024. We did no t repurchase any of our Common Stock during the first nine months of fiscal 2025. NOTE 12. INFORMATION AS TO EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE, SAVINGS, AND SIMILAR PLANS All of our employees are eligible to participate in our 401(k) savings plan the first quarter after reaching age 18. Employees may contribute up to the Internal Revenue Code maximum. We make matching contributions of 100 % of the first 3 % of participants’ salary deferral contributions. Our matching contributions were $ 22,375 for the third quarter of fiscal 2025, $ 27,904 for the third quarter of fiscal 2024, $ 72,442 for the first nine months of fiscal 2025, and $ 79,388 for the first nine months of fiscal 2024. NOTE 13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On January 22, 2025 , we announced that our Board of Directors had declared a quarterly cash dividend of $ 1.00 per share of Common Stock to be paid February 28, 2025 , to shareholders of record as of the close of business February 3, 2025 . 13 Table of Contents Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Forward-looking statements Some of the statements made in this Report or in the documents incorporated by reference in this Report and in other materials filed or to be filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as well as information included in verbal or written statements made by us constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to the safe harbor provisions of the reform act. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terminology such as may, will, expect, anticipate, intend, believe, estimate, should, or continue, or the negatives of these terms or other variations on these words or comparable terminology. To the extent that this Report contains forward-looking statements regarding the financial condition, operating results, business prospects, or any other aspect of NVE, you should be aware that our actual financial condition, operating results, and business performance may differ materially from that projected or estimated by us in the forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identify, in context, some of the factors that we currently believe may cause actual future experience and results to differ from their current expectations. These differences may be caused by a variety of factors, including but not limited to risks related to our reliance on several large customers for a significant percentage of revenue, our dependence on critical suppliers and packaging vendors, uncertainties related to the economic environments in the industries we serve, uncertainties related to future sales and revenues, risks of credit losses, risks and uncertainties related to future stock repurchases and dividend payments, and other specific risks that may be alluded to in this Report or in the documents incorporated by reference in this Report. Further information regarding our risks and uncertainties is contained in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. General NVE Corporation referred to as NVE, we, us, or our, develops and sells devices that use spintronics, a nanotechnology that relies on electron spin rather than electron charge to acquire, store, and transmit information. We manufacture high-performance spintronic products including sensors and couplers that are used to acquire and transmit data. Critical accounting policies A description of our critical accounting policies is provided in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, our critical accounting policies and estimates continued to include investment valuation, inventory valuation, and deferred tax assets estimation. 14 Table of Contents Quarter ended December 31, 2024, compared to quarter ended December 31, 2023 The table shown below summarizes the percentage of revenue and quarter-to-quarter changes for various items: Percentage of Revenue Quarter Ended December 31, Quarter- to-Quarter 2024 2023 Change Revenue Product sales 98.0 % 94.2 % (22.1 )% Contract research and development 2.0 % 5.8 % (73.7 )% Total revenue 100.0 % 100.0 % (25.1 )% Cost of sales 15.8 % 20.1 % (41.1 )% Gross profit 84.2 % 79.9 % (21.0 ) % Expenses Research and development 17.2 % 8.0 % 60.8 % Selling, general, and administrative 8.6 % 5.8 % 11.7 % Total expenses 25.8 % 13.8 % 40.2 % Income from operations 58.4 % 66.1 % (33.8 ) % Interest income 9.4 % 7.3 % (3.6 )% Other income 2.7 % - % - Income before taxes 70.5 % 73.4 % (28.1 )% Provision for income taxes 10.3 % 11.5 % (33.0 ) % Net income 60.2 % 61.9 % (27.1 )% Total revenue for the quarter ended December 31, 2024 (the third quarter of fiscal 2025) decreased 25% compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023 (the third quarter of fiscal 2024). The decrease was due to a 22% decrease in product sales and a 74% decrease in contract research and development revenue. The decrease in product sales was due to decreased purchases by existing customers. The decrease in contract research and development revenue was due to the completion of certain contracts. Gross margin for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 was 84% of revenue, compared to 80% the prior-year quarter. The increase in gross margin percentage was due to a more profitable product mix and a larger portion of direct rather than distributor sales. Total expenses increased 40% for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2024 due to a 61% increase in research and development expense and a 12% increase in selling, general, and administrative expense. The increase in research and development expense was due to increased new product development activities. The increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses was primarily due to increased sales and marketing activities. Interest income for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 decreased 4% due to a decrease in marketable securities and lower yields on recently purchased marketable securities. Other income in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 was primarily from the reclaiming of precious metals used in our manufacturing process. Our effective tax rate, which is the provision for income taxes as a percentage of income before taxes, decreased to 15% for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to 16% for the third quarter of fiscal 2024. The decrease in our effective tax rate compared to the prior-year quarter was due changes in the timing and amounts of federal tax credits and deductions. The 27% decrease in net income in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to the prior-year quarter was primarily due to decreased revenue, increased operating expenses, and decreased interest income, partially offset by increased gross profit margin, increased other income, and a lower effective tax rate. 15 Nine months ended December 31, 2024, compared to nine months ended December 31, 2023 The table shown below summarizes the percentage of revenue and period-to-period changes for various items: Percentage of Revenue Nine Months Ended Dec. 31, Period- to-Period 2024 2023 Change Revenue Product sales 95.0 % 97.6 % (20.3 )% Contract research and development 5.0 % 2.4 % 71.9 % Total revenue 100.0 % 100.0 % (18.1 )% Cost of sales 14.6 % 22.2 % (46.0 )% Gross profit 85.4 % 77.8 % (10.2 )% Expenses Research and development 14.0 % 8.5 % 35.2 % Selling, general, and administrative 8.2 % 5.7 % 18.9 % Provision for credit losses - % 0.0 % - Total expenses 22.2 % 14.2 % 28.2 % Income from operations 63.2 % 63.6 % (18.8 )% Interest income 7.7 % 6.3 % (0.5 ) % Other income 0.7 % - - Income before taxes 71.6 % 69.9 % (16.3 )% Provision for income taxes 11.6 % 11.3 % (17.3 )% Net income 60.0 % 58.6 % (16.1 )% Total revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2024, decreased 18% compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was due to a 20% decrease in product sales, partially offset by a 72% increase in contract research and development revenue. The decrease in product sales was due to decreased purchases by existing customers. The increase in contract research and development revenue was due to a major research and development contract completed during the nine months ended December 31, 2024. Gross margin for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 was 85% of revenue, compared to 78% for the first nine months of fiscal 2024. The increase in gross margin percentage was due to a more profitable product mix and a larger portion of direct rather than distributor sales. Total expenses increased 28% for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2024 due to a 35% increase in research and development expense and a 19% increase in selling, general, and administrative expense. The increase in research and development expense was due to increased new product development activities. The increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses was primarily due to increased sales and marketing activities. The 16% decrease in net income for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 compared to the prior-year period was primarily due to decreased revenue, increased operating expenses, and decreased interest income, partially offset by increased other income and increased gross profit margin. 16 Table of Contents Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview Cash and cash equivalents were $5,485,684 as of December 31, 2024, compared to $10,283,550 as of March 31, 2024. The $4,797,866 decrease in cash and cash equivalents during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 was due to $2,237,563 of cash used in investing activities and $14,388,356 of net cash used in financing activities, partially offset by $11,828,053 in net cash provided by operating activities. Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities related to product sales and research and development contract revenue was our primary source of working capital for the current and prior-year quarters. Accounts receivable decreased $1,789,769 during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 primarily due to decreased revenue and the timing of customer payments. Inventories increased $629,039 primarily due to our decision to increase inventories in anticipation of a semiconductor industry recovery. Prepaid expenses and other assets increased $47,132 primarily due to the timing of federal estimated tax payments. Accrued payroll and other expenses decreased $217,626 primarily due to decreased accrual for performance-based compensation. Investing Activities Cash used by investing activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2024, consisted of $11,279,773 of marketable securities purchases and $1,162,790 of fixed asset purchases, partially offset by $10,205,000 in proceeds from maturities of marketable securities. Fixed asset purchases consisted primarily of a $1,125,437 downpayment on production equipment expected to be delivered in fiscal 2026. We plan to significantly increase fixed asset purchases in fiscal 2025 and 2026 compared to fiscal 2024 to support increases in production capacity and new product development. Financing Activities Cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2024, consisted of $14,502,518 of cash dividends paid to shareholders, partially offset by $114,162 in proceeds from stock option exercises. In addition to cash dividends to shareholders paid in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, on January 22, 2025, we announced that our Board of Directors had declared a cash dividend of $1.00 per share of Common Stock, or $4,837,166 based on shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024, to be paid on February 28, 2025. We plan to fund dividends through cash provided by operating activities and proceeds from maturities of marketable securities. All future dividends will be subject to Board approval and subject to the company’s results of operations, cash and marketable security balances, estimates of future cash requirements, and other factors the Board may deem relevant. Furthermore, dividends may be modified or discontinued at any time without notice. 17 Table of Contents Item 4. Controls and Procedures. Disclosure Controls and Procedures Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, has performed an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures that are defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. This evaluation included consideration of the controls, processes, and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Changes in Internal Controls During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. PART II – OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings. In the ordinary course of business, we may become involved in litigation. At this time, we are not aware of any material pending or threatened legal proceedings or other proceedings contemplated by governmental authorities that we expect would have a material adverse impact on our future results of operation and financial condition. Item 1A. Risk Factors. There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. . Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. None. 18 Table of Contents Item 6. Exhibits. Exhibit # Description 10.1 Sixth amendment to lease between the company and GRE–Bryant Lake, LLC (incorporated by reference to the Form 8-K/A filed November 7 , 2024) . 31.1 Certification by Daniel A. Baker pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a). 31.2 Certification by Daniel Nelson pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a). 32 Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) 19 Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. NVE CORPORATION (Registrant) January 22, 2025 /s/ DANIEL A. BAKER Date Daniel A. Baker President and Chief Executive Officer January 22, 2025 /s/ DANIEL NELSON Date Daniel Nelson Principal Financial Officer 20