NIOCORP DEVELOPMENTS LTD 10-Q

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our historical interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for the year ended June 30, 2024 filed on September 23, 2024 (the “Annual Report on Form 10-K”), which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements and forward-looking information that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements and information as a result of many factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. See “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below. All currency amounts are stated in U.S. dollars unless noted otherwise. As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise indicates, references to “we,” “our,” the “Company,” “NioCorp,” and “us” refer to NioCorp Developments Ltd. and its subsidiaries, collectively. Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the exhibits attached hereto contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation (collectively, “forward-looking statements”). Such forward-looking statements concern our anticipated results and developments in the operations of the Company in future periods, planned exploration activities, the adequacy of the Company’s financial resources, and other events or conditions that may occur in the future. Forward-looking statements have been based upon our current business and operating plans, as approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, and may include statements regarding the anticipated benefits of the transactions (the “2023 Transactions”) contemplated by the previously disclosed Business Combination Agreement, dated September 25, 2022 (the “Business Combination Agreement”), among the Company, GX Acquisition Corp. II and Big Red Merger Sub Ltd, including NioCorp’s ability to access the full amount of the expected net proceeds of the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement, dated January 26, 2023 (the “Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement”), between the Company and YA II PN, Ltd., an investment fund managed by Yorkville Advisors Global, LP (“Yorkville”); the anticipated benefits of the April 2025 Offering (as defined below); NioCorp’s ability to receive a final commitment of financing from the Export-Import Bank of the United States (“EXIM”); anticipated benefits of the listing of the Common Shares, no par value, of the Company (“Common Shares”) on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”); the financial and business performance of NioCorp; NioCorp’s anticipated results and developments in the operations of NioCorp in future periods; NioCorp’s planned exploration and development activities; the adequacy of NioCorp’s financial resources; NioCorp’s ability to secure sufficient project financing to complete construction and commence operation of the Company’s niobium, scandium and titanium project (the “Elk Creek Project”) located in southeastern Nebraska and move it to commercial operation, including the required financing to get to a final investment decision; NioCorp’s expectation and ability to produce niobium, scandium, and titanium and the potential to produce rare earth elements at the Elk Creek Project; NioCorp’s plans to produce and supply specific products and market demand for those products; the outcome of current recovery process improvement testing and the evaluation of the benefits and costs of electrifying the mine using Railveyor technology, and NioCorp’s expectation that such process and design improvements could lead to greater efficiencies and cost savings in the Elk Creek Project, including the twin ramp Railveyor mining design; the Elk Creek Project’s ability to produce multiple critical metals; the Elk Creek Project’s projected ore production and mining operations over its expected mine life; the completion of technical and economic analyses on the potential addition of magnetic rare earth oxides to NioCorp’s planned product suite; NioCorp’s updating its technical report for the Elk Creek Project; statements with respect to the estimation of mineral resources and mineral reserves; the exercise of options to purchase additional land parcels; the execution of contracts with engineering, procurement and construction companies; the advancement of offtake discussions with potential customers; NioCorp’s ongoing evaluation of the impact of inflation, supply chain issues and geopolitical unrest on the Elk Creek Project’s economic model; and the creation of full time and contract construction jobs over the construction period of the Elk Creek Project. 20 Forward-looking statements are frequently, but not always, identified by words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” “potential,” “possible,” and similar expressions, or statements that events, conditions, or results “will,” “may,” “could,” or “should” (or the negative and grammatical variations of any of these terms) occur or be achieved. Any statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions, or future events or performance (often, but not always, using words or phrases such as “expects” or “does not expect,” “is expected,” “anticipates” or “does not anticipate,” “plans,” “estimates,” or “intends,” or stating that certain actions, events, or results “may,” “could,” “would,” “might,” or “will” be taken, occur or be achieved) are not statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect material expectations and assumptions, including, without limitation, expectations and assumptions relating to: NioCorp’s ability to receive sufficient project financing for the construction and development of the Elk Creek Project on acceptable terms or at all; the future price of metals; the stability of the financial and capital markets; NioCorp’s ability to service its debt and meet the payment obligations thereunder; and current estimates and assumptions regarding the 2023 Transactions and their benefits. Such forward-looking statements reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and are subject to certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Many factors could cause actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, among others, risks related to the following: NioCorp’s ability to use the net proceeds of the April 2025 Offering in a manner that will increase the value of shareholders’ investment; NioCorp’s ability to operate as a going concern; NioCorp’s requirement of significant additional capital; NioCorp’s ability to receive sufficient project financing for the construction of the Elk Creek Project on acceptable terms or at all; NioCorp’s ability to receive a final commitment of financing from EXIM on an acceptable timeline, on acceptable terms, or at all; NioCorp’s ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the 2023 Transactions, including NioCorp’s ability to access the full amount of the expected net proceeds under the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement; NioCorp’s ability to continue to meet Nasdaq listing standards; risks relating to the Common Shares, including price volatility, lack of dividend payments and dilution or the perception of the likelihood of any of the foregoing; the extent to which NioCorp’s level of indebtedness and/or the terms contained in agreements governing NioCorp’s indebtedness, if any, or the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement may impair NioCorp’s ability to obtain additional financing, on acceptable terms, or at all; covenants contained in agreements with NioCorp’s secured creditors that may affect its assets; NioCorp’s limited operating history; NioCorp’s history of losses; the material weaknesses in NioCorp’s internal control over financial reporting, NioCorp’s efforts to remediate such material weaknesses and the timing of remediation; the possibility that NioCorp may qualify as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”); the potential that the 2023 Transactions could result in NioCorp becoming subject to materially adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences as a result of the application of Section 7874 and related sections of the Code; cost increases for NioCorp’s exploration and, if warranted, development projects; a disruption in, or failure of, NioCorp’s information technology systems, including those related to cybersecurity; equipment and supply shortages; variations in the market demand for, and prices of, niobium, scandium, titanium and rare earth products; current and future offtake agreements, joint ventures, and partnerships; NioCorp’s ability to attract qualified management; estimates of mineral resources and reserves; mineral exploration and production activities; feasibility study results; the results of metallurgical testing; the results of technological research; changes in demand for and price of commodities (such as fuel and electricity) and currencies; competition in the mining industry; changes or disruptions in the securities markets; legislative, political or economic developments, including changes in federal and/or state laws that may significantly affect the mining industry; trade policies and tensions, including tariffs; inflationary pressures; the impacts of climate change, as well as actions taken or required by governments related to strengthening resilience in the face of potential impacts from climate change; the need to obtain permits and comply with laws and regulations and other regulatory requirements; the timing and reliability of sampling and assay data; the possibility that actual results of work may differ from projections/expectations or may not realize the perceived potential of NioCorp’s projects; risks of accidents, equipment breakdowns, and labor disputes or other unanticipated difficulties or interruptions; the possibility of cost overruns or unanticipated expenses in development programs; operating or technical difficulties in connection with exploration, mining, or development activities; management of the water balance at the Elk Creek Project site; land reclamation requirements related to the Elk Creek Project; the speculative nature of mineral exploration and development, including the risks of diminishing quantities of grades of reserves and resources; claims on the title to NioCorp’s properties; potential future litigation; and NioCorp’s lack of insurance covering all of NioCorp’s operations. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein. This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of the Company’s forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements about the future and are inherently uncertain, and actual achievements of the Company or other future events or conditions may differ materially 21 from those reflected in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including without limitation those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as other factors described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company’s other reports filed with the SEC. The Company’s forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on the beliefs, expectations, and opinions of management as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company does not assume any obligation to update forward-looking statements if circumstances or management’s beliefs, expectations, or opinions should change, except as required by law. For the reasons set forth above, investors should not attribute undue certainty to, or place undue reliance on, forward-looking statements. Qualified Person All technical and scientific information that forms the basis for the Elk Creek Project disclosure included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been reviewed and approved by Scott Honan, M.Sc., SME-RM, NioCorp’s Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Honan is a “Qualified Person” as such term is defined in National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects and subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. Company Overview NioCorp is developing the Elk Creek Project, located in southeast Nebraska. The Elk Creek Project is a development-stage property that has disclosed niobium, scandium, and titanium reserves and resources and disclosed rare earth mineral resources. The Company is continuing technical and economic studies around the rare earths contained in the Elk Creek Project’s mineral resources in order to determine whether extraction of rare earth elements can be reasonably justified and economically viable after taking into account all relevant factors. Niobium has developing applications in the formulation of solid-state lithium-ion batteries, which may reduce charging times and increase battery safety. Niobium is used to produce various superalloys that are extensively used in high performance aircraft and jet turbines. It also is used in High-Strength, Low-Alloy steel, a stronger steel used in automobiles, bridges, structural systems, buildings, pipelines, and other applications that generally increases strength and/or reduces weight, which can result in environmental benefits, including reduced fuel consumption and material usage and fewer air emissions. Scandium can be combined with aluminum to make high-performance alloys with increased strength and improved corrosion resistance. Scandium also is a critical component of advanced solid oxide fuel cells, an environmentally preferred technology for high-reliability, distributed electricity generation. Titanium is a component of various superalloys and other applications that are used for aerospace applications, weapons systems, protective armor, medical implants, and many others. It also is used in pigments for paper, paint, and plastics. Rare earths are critical to electrification and decarbonization initiatives and can be used to manufacture the strongest permanent magnets commercially available. Our primary business strategy is to advance our Elk Creek Project to commercial production. We are focused on obtaining additional funds to carry out our near-term planned work programs associated with securing the project financing necessary to complete mine development and construction of the Elk Creek Project. Recent Corporate Events On April 21, 2025, the Company closed an underwritten public offering (the “April 2025 Offering”), pursuant to the underwriting agreement, dated April 17, 2025 (the “April 2025 Underwriting Agreement”), with Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”), as underwriter, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold (i) 6,628,846 Common Shares at a public offering price of $2.60 per Common Share and (ii) 1,063,462 pre-funded Common Share Purchase Warrants (the “April 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to an additional 1,063,462 Common Shares at a public offering price of $2.5999. The April 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.0001 per underlying Common Share, are exercisable immediately, and do not have an expiration date. On April 17, 2025, Maxim partially exercised its over-allotment option to purchase 323,504 additional Common Shares at the closing. The gross proceeds from the April 2025 Offering were approximately $20.8 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. Elk Creek Project Update During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company completed negotiations with two landowners in Nebraska and entered into contract amendments which extended the option periods by approximately five years for each Option to Purchase agreement (“OTP”) covering two parcels of land for project construction and operation which the Company 22 does not already own. The Company paid $90,000 upon closing of the OTP extensions and will make periodic payments totaling $23,000 over the extension period related to these contract amendments. With the closing of these two OTP extensions, along with four extensions closed earlier in fiscal year 2025, all substantive OTPs related to the project have expiration dates between December 2029 and May 2040. On April 23, 2025, the Company announced the launch of a drilling campaign (the “Campaign”) designed to support the conversion of a portion of its current Indicated Resources into Measured Resources and the subsequent conversion of a portion of its current Probable Mineral Reserves into Proven Mineral Reserves at the Elk Creek Project. The Campaign will supplement previous exploratory drilling and will operate under existing permits issued by the State of Nebraska. The Campaign is intended to complement other technical and economic analyses necessary to update the feasibility study for the Elk Creek Project. An updated feasibility study is necessary as part of the due diligence process for up to $800 million in potential debt financing that NioCorp is seeking from EXIM, as further discussed under “Liquidity and Capital Resources ” below. Other Activities The Company has developed and begun to execute a work plan to further advance the development of the Elk Creek Project. In addition to the expected updates to Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, noted above, the Company expects to finalize engineering and costing of its new and more efficient production process which incorporates the potential addition of light and heavy magnetic rare earth oxides, the planned production of titanium in the form of titanium tetrachloride, and the potential to produce both ferroniobium and niobium oxide as commercial products. In addition, the Company is examining plans to potentially modify the design of the mine to incorporate a twin ramp for access along with a Railveyor system for material movement instead of utilizing its currently planned vertical mining shafts. The updated mine design is expected to also incorporate updated costing. This work is expected to be summarized in an updated feasibility study for the Elk Creek Project. In addition to the work plans noted above, as funds become available through the Company’s fundraising efforts, the Company expects to undertake the following activities to further advance the Elk Creek Project and the Company is assessing and prioritizing the timing of these efforts: ● Acquisition of additional land parcels currently under OTP agreements; ● Continued evaluation of the potential to produce rare earth products and sell such products under offtake agreements; ● Negotiation and completion of offtake agreements for the remaining uncommitted production of niobium, scandium, and titanium from the Elk Creek Project, including the potential sale of titanium as titanium tetrachloride, as well as potential rare earth element production; ● Negotiation and completion of engineering, procurement, and construction agreements; ● Completion of the final detailed engineering for the underground portion of the Elk Creek Project; ● Initiation and completion of the final detailed engineering for surface project facilities; ● Construction of natural gas and electrical infrastructure under existing agreements to serve the Elk Creek Project site; ● Completion of water supply agreements and related infrastructure to deliver fresh water to the Elk Creek Project site; ● Continuation of mine groundwater investigation and control activities; ● Initiation of long-lead equipment procurement activities; ● Continuation of the Company’s efforts to secure federal, state, and local operating permits; ● Completion of the characterization and testing of waste materials to support tailings impoundment and paste backfill plant designs; and ● Continued engineering and costing of road improvements near the junction of Nebraska state highways 50 and 62, which are intended to facilitate access to the Elk Creek Project site and manage increased traffic in the project vicinity. 23 Financial and Operating Results The Company has no revenues from mining operations. Operating expenses incurred primarily related to costs incurred for the advancement of the Elk Creek Project and the activities necessary to support corporate and shareholder duties and are detailed in the following table. For the Three Months Ended March 31, For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Operating expenses ($000s) Employee-related costs $ 376 $ 2,531 $ 1,610 $ 3,181 Professional fees 636 633 1,858 2,772 Exploration expenditures 495 489 894 2,417 Other operating expenses 1,092 1,457 2,533 3,100 Total operating expenses 2,599 5,110 6,895 11,470 Change in fair value of Earnout Shares liability 1,263 (955 ) 510 (3,854 ) Change in fair value of warrant liabilities 1,513 (724 ) 620 (580 ) Change in fair values of convertible notes - - 40 - Interest expense - 1,016 48 4,267 Foreign exchange (gain) loss (2 ) (27 ) 2 (10 ) Other gains - (195 ) (122 ) (195 ) Loss on equity securities 2 - 2 2 Income tax benefit - - - (101 ) Net loss and comprehensive loss (5,375 ) (4,225 ) (7,995 ) (10,999 ) Less: Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest (78 ) (169 ) (177 ) (439 ) Net loss attributable to the Company $ (5,297 ) $ (4,056 ) $ (7,818 ) $ (10,560 ) Three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 Significant items affecting operating expenses are noted below: Employee-related expenditures decreased for the three-month period in 2025 as compared to 2024 primarily due to the timing of options issued to employees in 2024. Other operating expenses include costs related to investor relations, general office expenditures, equity offering and proxy expenditures, board-related expenditures, and other miscellaneous costs. These costs decreased for the three-month period in 2025 as compared to 2024 primarily due to the timing of fully vested Options issued to board members and advisors in 2024, a decline in financial services spending, and lower general insurance costs, partially offset by the cybersecurity expense incurred in 2025 associated with a cybersecurity incident that resulted in misdirected vendor payments. Other significant items impacting the change in the Company’s net loss are noted below : Change in fair value of Earnout Shares liability represents the changes in fair value related to the shares of Class B common stock of Elk Creek Resource Corporation (“ECRC”), an indirect, majority-owned subsidiary of NioCorp formerly known as GX Acquisition Corp. II, the rights of the holders of which to exchange such shares into Common Shares are subject to certain vesting conditions (such shares of ECRC Class B common stock, the “Earnout Shares”). The 2025 expense represents the impact of an increase in the Company’s Common Share price on the financial modeling used to determine the period end fair values, whereas the 2024 gain represents the impact of a lower share price on the financial modeling results. Change in fair value of warrant liabilities represents the changes in fair value of Common Share purchase warrants (“Warrants”) that are carried as liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Expense for the three-month period ending March 31, 2025, reflects the impact of an increase in the Company’s Common Share price on the 24 Black-Scholes modeling results for our outstanding Warrant liabilities, whereas the 2024 gain primarily represents the impact of a lower share price on the modeling at period end. Interest expense decreased for the three-month period in 2025 as compared to 2024, as 2024 included accretion expense associated with the unsecured convertible debentures (the “Convertible Debentures”) issued to Yorkville in March 2023. The outstanding balance of the Convertible Debentures was substantially reduced during fiscal year 2024 and was fully retired in the first quarter of 2025. Other Gain s for the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, represents the change in fair value of Canadian dollar-denominated Options which were being carried as a liability. Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest represents the portion of net loss in ECRC not owned by the Company. Nine-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the nine-month period ended March 31, 2024 Significant items affecting operating expenses are noted below. Employee-related expenditures decreased for the nine-month period in 2025 as compared to 2024 primarily due to a reduction in the number of options issued to employees and the impact of a lower stock price on the Black-Scholes modeling results. Professional fees decreased for the nine-month period in 2025 as compared to 2024, primarily due to higher costs incurred in 2024 related to the timing of legal services associated with the Company’s SEC registration statements filed in October 2023, as well as increased audit fees associated with the Company’s June 30, 2023 financial statements and increased review fees in connection with the Company’s September 30, 2023 financial statements. Exploration expenditures decreased for the nine-month period in 2025 as compared to 2024, as 2024 costs included operation of the demonstration-scale processing plant located in Trois-Rivieres, Quebec built by the Company and L3 Process Development (“L3”) and operated by L3 (the “Demonstration Plant”). Operation of the Demonstration Plant ended during the third quarter of fiscal year 2024. Other operating expenses decreased for the nine-month period in 2025 as compared to 2024 primarily due to a decrease in director and officer insurance expense, the timing of fully vested Options issued to board members and advisors, and declines in scandium development initiatives and financial-related services, partially offset by the cybersecurity expense incurred in 2025 associated with a cybersecurity incident that resulted in misdirected vendor payments. Overall, changes in the fair value of Earnout Shares and Warrant liabilities, and the decline in interest expense were based on the same factors that impacted the three-month results noted above. Liquidity and Capital Resources We have no revenue generating operations from which we can internally generate funds. To date, our ongoing operations have been financed by the sale of our equity securities by way of public and private offerings, convertible securities issuances, the exercise of Options and Warrants, and related party loans. With respect to currently outstanding Options and Warrants, we believe that exercise of these instruments, and cash proceeds from such exercises, will not occur unless and until the market price for our Common Shares equals or exceeds the related exercise price of each instrument. On April 12, 2024, the Company issued and sold to Yorkville and Lind Global Fund II (“Lind II” and, together with Yorkville, the “April 2024 Purchasers”), $8.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured notes (the “April 2024 Notes”), pursuant to a securities purchase agreement, dated April 11, 2024, between the Company and each of the April 2024 Purchasers. The Company also issued to the April 2024 Purchasers, in proportion to the aggregate principal amount of the April 2024 Notes issued to each April 2024 Purchaser, Warrants to purchase up to 615,385 Common Shares. All remaining amounts due to Lind II ($176,000) and Yorkville ($1.0 million) under the April 2024 Notes were repaid on January 6, 2025, And February 7, 2025, respectively. 25 On September 11, 2024, the Company and Mark Smith entered into the Loan Agreement, by and between the Company and Mark Smith (the “Smith Loan Agreement”), which provides for a $2.0 million non-revolving credit facility (the “Smith Loan”). A total of $504,000 was subsequently drawn down, and subsequently the Company repaid $508,000, representing the balance of the interest and principal outstanding under the Smith Loan, plus $41,000 related to the loan origination fees payable. On November 5, 2024, the Company closed an underwritten public offering (the “November 2024 Registered Offering”), pursuant to the underwriting agreement, dated November 3, 2024, with Maxim, as underwriter, which consisted of 1,592,356 Common Shares, 1,672,090 Series A warrants to purchase up to an additional 1,672,090 Common Shares and 836,045 Series B warrants to purchase up to 836,045 Common Shares. On November 13, 2024, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement (the “November 2024 Private Offering”) pursuant to binding subscription agreements with certain accredited investors as part of a non-brokered private placement of 2,199,602 units of the Company (the “November 2024 Units”). Each November 2024 Unit consists of one Common Share, one Series A warrant to purchase up to an additional Common Share and one-half of one Series B warrant to purchase up to one-half of one Common Share. On January 31, 2025, the Company closed an underwritten public offering (the “January 2025 Offering”), pursuant to the underwriting agreement, dated January 29, 2025, with Maxim, as underwriter, which consisted of 2,577,320 Common Shares, 2,577,320 Series A warrants to purchase up to an additional 2,577,320 Common Shares and 1,288,660 Series B warrants to purchase up to 1,288,660 Common Shares. The combined gross proceeds from the November 2024 Registered Offering, the November 2024 Private Offering, and the January 2025 Offering were approximately $11.0 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. These proceeds were used for working capital and general corporate purposes, to repay amounts outstanding on the Smith Loan, to repay the April 2024 Notes, and to a limited degree, to advance efforts to launch construction of the Elk Creek Project and move it to commercial operation. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had cash of $1.3 million and working capital of $0.3 million, compared to cash of $2.0 million and a working capital deficit of $9.0 million on June 30, 2024. We expect that the Company will operate at a loss for the foreseeable future. The Company’s current planned cash needs are approximately $23.0 million for the next twelve months. In addition to outstanding accounts payable and short-term liabilities, our planned expenditures over the next twelve months are expected to consist of expenditures relating to certain advancements of the Elk Creek Project by NioCorp’s majority owned subsidiary, ECRC, corporate overhead costs and estimated costs related to securing financing necessary for advancement of the Elk Creek Project. The planned corporate overhead costs include Elk Creek property lease commitments, which are $22,000 through June 30, 2025, and outstanding accounts payable. The estimated financing costs associated with the Elk Creek Project over the next twelve months include, but are not limited to, costs relating to the EXIM application process, the scope of which remains under discussion with EXIM. On June 6, 2023, the Company announced that it had submitted an application to EXIM for debt financing (the “EXIM Financing”) to fund the project costs for the Elk Creek Project, under EXIM’s “Make More in America” initiative. The EXIM Financing is subject to, among other matters, the satisfactory completion of due diligence, the negotiation and settlement of final terms, and the negotiation of definitive documentation. There can be no assurance that the EXIM Financing will be completed on the terms described herein or at all. The Company was informed that its application received approval by the first of three reviews by the EXIM Transaction Review Committee (the “TRC”) on October 2, 2023. During the quarter, EXIM continued to process the Company’s application for debt financing under EXIM’s Make More in America Program. The Company’s application sits at TRC in the second step in EXIM’s four-step approval process. The Company continues to meet with EXIM as well as providing responses to requests for additional information from EXIM and to the consultants that are conducting due diligence on the Company’s application on behalf of EXIM. As part of the diligence process, EXIM has identified additional project activities to be undertaken, including, among other things, an updated mine plan and updated Elk Creek Project capital costs on a final or close-to-final basis reflecting updated process flows. However, there can be no assurance what further project activities or matters EXIM may request in connection with the application process. We are currently unable to estimate how long the application process may 26 take, and there can be no assurances that we will be able to successfully negotiate a final commitment of debt financing from EXIM. The planned expenditures relating to the advancement of the Elk Creek Project over the next twelve months include, but are not limited to, an updated mine plan and updated capital costs in connection with the EXIM application process. The gross proceeds from the April 2025 Offering were approximately $20.8 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses of approximately $2.0 million. In addition, during the period from April 1, 2025 through May 8, 2025, the Company issued Common Shares under the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement and through the exercise of Warrants by their holders. As a result of these transactions, the Company received cash totaling approximately $3.6 million and issued 1,568,694 Common Shares. We expect to use the proceeds from the April 2025 Offering, the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement, and the Warrant exercise issuances noted above, to fund our planned expenditures for the next twelve months. However, additional work is required in order to advance the Elk Creek Project, and if the Company were able to obtain additional funding, the Company would be able to accelerate planned expenditures ahead of its current schedule. In addition, to the extent that EXIM requests further project activities to be undertaken in connection with the diligence process, the Company would require additional funding to complete such activities. The Company’s ability to continue operations and fund our current work plan is dependent on management’s ability to secure additional financing. When available, the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement provides an opportunity to actively manage the cash needs of the Company more closely, and the Company may also utilize the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement to potentially generate funds at a time when they are in need. Alternatively, the Company can also utilize the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement for opportunistic share sales. However, the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement will expire by its terms on April 1, 2026. Except for the potential funding from advances under the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement, as discussed above, and the potential exercise of Options and Warrants, we currently have no further funding commitments or arrangements for additional financing at this time. Management is actively pursuing additional sources of debt and equity financing, and while it has been successful in doing so in the past, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain any such additional financing on acceptable terms, if at all. Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2023 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “Exchange Agreement”), by and among NioCorp, ECRC and the Sponsor, NioCorp is restricted from issuing equity or equity-linked securities (other than Common Shares) or any preferred equity or non-voting equity if such issuance would adversely impact the rights of the holders of the shares of Class B common stock of ECRC, without the consent of the holders of a majority of the shares of Class B common stock of ECRC. The April 2025 Underwriting Agreement also contains certain covenants that, among other things, limit NioCorp’s ability to enter into any variable rate transaction, including issuances of equity or debt securities that are convertible into Common Shares at variable rates and any equity line of credit, at-the-market agreement or other continuous offering of Common Shares, subject to certain exceptions, until July 2025. Notwithstanding the restrictions set forth in the Exchange Agreement and the April 2025 Underwriting Agreement, there is significant uncertainty that we would be able to secure any additional financing in the current equity or debt markets. The quantity of funds to be raised and the terms of any proposed equity or debt financing that may be undertaken will be negotiated by management as opportunities to raise funds arise. Management may pursue funding sources of both debt and equity financing, including but not limited to the issuance of equity securities in the form of Common Shares, Warrants, subscription receipts, or any combination thereof in units of the Company pursuant to private placements to accredited investors or pursuant to public offerings in the form of underwritten/brokered offerings, registered direct offerings, or other forms of equity financing and public or private issuances of debt securities, including secured and unsecured convertible debt instruments, or secured debt project financing. Management does not currently know the terms pursuant to which such financings may be completed in the future, but any such financings will be negotiated at arm’s-length. Future financings involving the issuance of equity securities or derivatives thereof will likely be completed at a discount to the then-current market price of the Company’s securities and will likely be dilutive to current shareholders. In addition, we could raise funds through the sale of interests in our mineral properties, although current market conditions and other recent worldwide events have substantially reduced the number of potential buyers/acquirers of any such interests. However, we cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to be successful in raising such funds. Based on the conditions described within, management has concluded, as supported by the notes that accompany our financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2024, that substantial doubt exists as to our ability to continue as a going concern. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern. As defined under S-K 1300, we are a development stage issuer and we have incurred losses since our inception. We may not have sufficient cash, including Option and Warrant exercises subsequent to March 31, 2025, to fund normal operations for the next twelve months from the issuance date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q without raising additional funds. 27 The Company will require additional capital to meet its long-term operating requirements. Uncertainty in capital markets, supply chain disruptions, increased interest rates and inflation, and the potential for geographic recessions have contributed to general global economic uncertainty. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, these events continued to create uncertainty with respect to overall project funding and timelines. We believe that the going concern uncertainty cannot be alleviated with confidence until the Company has entered into a business climate where funding of its planned ongoing operating activities is secured. Therefore, these factors raise substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. We have no exposure to any asset-backed commercial paper. Other than cash held by our subsidiaries for their immediate operating needs in Colorado and Nebraska, all of our cash reserves are on deposit with major U.S. and Canadian chartered banks. We do not believe that the credit, liquidity, or market risks with respect thereto have increased as a result of the current market conditions. However, in order to achieve greater security for the preservation of our capital, we have, of necessity, been required to accept lower rates of interest, which has also lowered our potential interest income. Operating Activities During the nine months ended March 31, 2025, the Company’s operating activities consumed $5.9 million of cash (2024: $5.6 million). The cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, reflects the Company’s funding of losses of $8.0 million, increased fair value related to the Earnout Shares and Warrant liabilities, share-based compensation, and other non-cash transactions. Overall, operational outflows during the nine months ended March 31, 2025, decreased from the corresponding period of 2024 due to costs and expenditures incurred in connection with the Company’s Demonstration Plant. Going forward, the Company’s working capital requirements are expected to increase substantially in connection with the development of the Elk Creek Project. Financing Activities Financing inflows were $5.2 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2025 (2024 inflows: $3.5 million), with 2025 inflows reflecting the gross receipts of $11.0 million from the equity offerings, $3.1 million from Common Share issuances under the Yorkville Equity Facility Financing Agreement, and $0.4 million from warrant exercises, offset by $7.2 million of convertible debt repayments and $2.1 million of share issuance costs. Cash Flow Considerations The Company has historically relied upon debt and equity financings to finance its activities. Subject to the restrictions set forth in the Exchange Agreement and the April 2025 Underwriting Agreement, the Company may pursue additional debt and/or equity financing in the medium term; however, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to obtain any required financing in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. The Company has limited financial resources compared to its proposed expenditures, no source of operating income, and no assurance that additional funding will be available to it for current or future projects, although the Company has been successful in the past in financing its activities through the sale of equity securities. The ability of the Company to arrange additional financing in the future will depend, in part, on the prevailing capital market conditions, and its success in developing the Elk Creek Project. Any quoted market for the Common Shares may be subject to market trends generally, notwithstanding any potential success of the Company in creating revenue, cash flows, or earnings, and any depression of the trading price of the Common Shares could impact its ability to obtain equity financing on acceptable terms. Historically, the Company has used net proceeds from issuances of Common Shares to provide sufficient funds to meet its near-term exploration and development plans and other contractual obligations when due. However, development and construction of the Elk Creek Project will require substantial additional capital resources. This includes near-term funding and, ultimately, funding for Elk Creek Project construction and other costs. See “ Liquidity and Capital Resources ” above for the Company’s discussion of arrangements related to possible future financings. 28 Critical Accounting Estimates There have been no material changes in our critical accounting estimates discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under the heading “Critical Accounting Estimates and Recent Accounting Pronouncements” as of June 30, 2024, in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations If NioCorp (or a subsidiary) is a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. holder of Common Shares or other NioCorp securities (as determined under applicable U.S. federal income tax law), then certain significant adverse tax consequences could apply to such U.S. holder, including requirements to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of Common Shares (or other securities) as ordinary income, to include certain “excess distributions” on Common Shares in income, and to pay an interest charge on a portion of any such gain or distribution. NioCorp believes that it was classified as a PFIC during the taxable years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and, based on the current composition of its income and assets, as well as current business plans and financial expectations, that it may be classified as a PFIC for its current taxable year or in future taxable years. No opinion of legal counsel or ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) concerning the PFIC status of NioCorp or any subsidiary has been obtained or is currently planned to be requested. The determination of whether any corporation was, or will be, a PFIC for a taxable year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. In addition, whether any corporation will be a PFIC for any taxable year depends on the assets and income of such corporation over the course of each such taxable year and, as a result, cannot be predicted with certainty as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, even if NioCorp concluded that it or any subsidiary was not classified as a PFIC, the IRS could challenge such determination and a court could sustain the challenge. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that NioCorp or any subsidiary will not be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year. Each holder of Common Shares or other NioCorp securities should consult its own tax advisors regarding the PFIC status of NioCorp and each subsidiary thereof and the resulting tax consequences to the holder, as well as any potential to mitigate such tax consequences through a “QEF” or “mark-to-market” election. See the “Risk Factors” section of the Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other The Company has one class of shares, being Common Shares. A summary of outstanding Common Shares, Options, and Warrants as of May 8, 2025, is set out below, on a fully diluted basis. Common Shares Outstanding (Fully Diluted) Common Shares 55,709,163 Vested shares of ECRC Class B common stock (1) 3,934,031 Options (2) 3,070,000 Warrants (3) 30,115,463 (1) Each exchangeable into one Common Share at any time, and from time to time, until March 17, 2033. (2) Each exercisable into one Common Share. (3) Includes 15,666,626 NioCorp Assumed Warrants that are each exercisable into 1.11829212 Common Shares and 14,448,837 Warrants that are each exercisable into one Common Share.