HARROW, INC. 10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ___________ to _____________ Commission File Number: 001-35814 Harrow, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 45-0567010 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 102 Woodmont Blvd. , Suite 610 Nashville , Tennessee 37205 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code) (615) 733-4730 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name on exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share HROW The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 8.625% Senior Notes due 2026 HROWL The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 11.875% Senior Notes due 2027 HROWM The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ As of November 13, 2023, there were 35,117,746 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding. HARROW, INC. Table of Contents Page Part I FINANCIAL INFORMATION 3 Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited) 3 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 33 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 41 Item 4. Controls and Procedures 41 Part II OTHER INFORMATION 42 Item 1. Legal Proceedings 42 Item 1A. Risk Factors 42 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 42 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 43 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 43 Item 5. Other Information 43 Item 6. Exhibits 43 Signatures 44 2 PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Financial Statements HARROW, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS September 30, December 31, 2023 2022 (Unaudited) ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 65,610,000 $ 96,270,000 Investment in Eton Pharmaceuticals 8,265,000 5,589,000 Accounts receivable, net 18,468,000 6,249,000 Inventories 8,924,000 6,541,000 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 9,011,000 3,611,000 Total current assets 110,278,000 118,260,000 Property, plant and equipment, net 3,629,000 3,486,000 Capitalized software costs, net 2,151,000 2,112,000 Deferred financing costs — 1,950,000 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 6,972,000 7,513,000 Intangible assets, net 162,703,000 23,725,000 Goodwill 332,000 332,000 TOTAL ASSETS $ 286,065,000 $ 157,378,000 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 12,772,000 $ 13,771,000 Accrued payroll and related liabilities 5,319,000 4,025,000 Deferred revenue and customer deposits 153,000 113,000 Current portion of operating lease obligations 785,000 723,000 Total current liabilities 19,029,000 18,632,000 Operating lease obligations, net of current portion 6,735,000 7,332,000 Accrued expenses, net of current portion 2,713,000 — Notes payable, net of unamortized debt discount 182,186,000 104,174,000 TOTAL LIABILITIES 210,663,000 130,138,000 Commitments and contingencies - - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common stock, $ 0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 35,117,621 and 29,901,530 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively 35,000 30,000 Additional paid-in capital 200,478,000 137,058,000 Accumulated deficit ( 124,756,000 ) ( 109,493,000 ) TOTAL HARROW, INC. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 75,757,000 27,595,000 Noncontrolling interests ( 355,000 ) ( 355,000 ) TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 75,402,000 27,240,000 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 286,065,000 $ 157,378,000 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements 3 HARROW, INC. UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS 2023 2022 2023 2022 For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenues: Product sales, net $ 31,809,000 $ 21,575,000 $ 81,804,000 $ 63,433,000 Other revenues 2,456,000 1,248,000 12,034,000 4,833,000 Total revenues 34,265,000 22,823,000 93,838,000 68,266,000 Cost of sales ( 10,067,000 ) ( 6,721,000 ) ( 28,338,000 ) ( 19,218,000 ) Gross profit 24,198,000 16,102,000 65,500,000 49,048,000 Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative 21,033,000 15,421,000 56,878,000 43,004,000 Research and development 1,421,000 775,000 3,316,000 2,347,000 Total operating expenses 22,454,000 16,196,000 60,194,000 45,351,000 Income (loss) from operations 1,744,000 ( 94,000 ) 5,306,000 3,697,000 Other (expense) income: Interest expense, net ( 5,749,000 ) ( 1,800,000 ) ( 16,200,000 ) ( 5,386,000 ) Equity in losses of unconsolidated entities - ( 3,504,000 ) - ( 9,036,000 ) Investment gain (loss) from Eton Pharmaceuticals 1,348,000 ( 1,031,000 ) 2,676,000 ( 4,341,000 ) Loss on extinguishment of debt - - ( 5,465,000 ) - Other expense, net ( 195,000 ) - ( 344,000 ) - Total other expense, net ( 4,596,000 ) ( 6,335,000 ) ( 19,333,000 ) ( 18,763,000 ) Loss before income taxes ( 2,852,000 ) ( 6,429,000 ) ( 14,027,000 ) ( 15,066,000 ) Income tax expense ( 1,539,000 ) ( 35,000 ) ( 1,236,000 ) ( 75,000 ) Net loss attributable to Harrow, Inc. $ ( 4,391,000 ) $ ( 6,464,000 ) $ ( 15,263,000 ) $ ( 15,141,000 ) Basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock $ ( 0.13 ) $ ( 0.24 ) $ ( 0.48 ) $ ( 0.55 ) Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted 34,255,197 27,349,642 31,689,947 27,293,756 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements 4 HARROW, INC. UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY For the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 Total Total Common Stock Additional Harrow, Inc. Noncontrolling Total Par Paid-in Accumulated Stockholders’ Interest Stockholders’ Shares Value Capital Deficit Equity Equity Equity Balance at December 31, 2021 26,902,763 $ 27,000 $ 106,666,000 $ ( 95,407,000 ) $ 11,286,000 $ ( 355,000 ) $ 10,931,000 Issuance of common stock in connection with: Exercise of consultant stock-based options 4,054 - - - - - - Exercise of employee stock-based options 92,261 - 7,000 - 7,000 - 7,000 Vesting of RSUs 185,000 1,000 ( 1,000 ) - - - - Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards ( 109,771 ) ( 1,000 ) ( 875,000 ) - ( 876,000 ) - ( 876,000 ) Stock-based compensation expense - - 5,941,000 - 5,941,000 - 5,941,000 Net loss - - - ( 15,141,000 ) ( 15,141,000 ) - ( 15,141,000 ) Balance at September 30, 2022 27,074,307 $ 27,000 $ 111,738,000 $ ( 110,548,000 ) $ 1,217,000 $ ( 355,000 ) $ 862,000 Balance at December 31, 2022 29,901,530 $ 30,000 $ 137,058,000 $ ( 109,493,000 ) $ 27,595,000 $ ( 355,000 ) $ 27,240,000 Issuance of common stock in connection with: Public offering, net of offering costs 3,887,324 4,000 64,516,000 - 64,520,000 - 64,520,000 Exercise of consultant stock-based options 10,000 - 85,000 - 85,000 - 85,000 Exercise of employee stock-based options 219,246 - 270,000 - 270,000 - 270,000 Vesting of RSUs and PSUs 1,810,673 2,000 ( 2,000 ) - - - - Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards ( 711,152 ) ( 1,000 ) ( 12,970,000 ) - ( 12,971,000 ) - ( 12,971,000 ) Stock-based compensation expense - - 11,521,000 - 11,521,000 - 11,521,000 Net loss - - - ( 15,263,000 ) ( 15,263,000 ) - ( 15,263,000 ) Balance at September 30, 2023 35,117,621 $ 35,000 $ 200,478,000 $ ( 124,756,000 ) $ 75,757,000 $ ( 355,000 ) $ 75,402,000 Total Total Common Stock Additional Harrow, Inc. Noncontrolling Total Par Paid-in Accumulated Stockholders’ Interest Stockholders’ Shares Value Capital Deficit Equity Equity Equity Balance at June 30, 2022 27,069,978 $ 27,000 $ 109,806,000 $ ( 104,084,000 ) $ 5,749,000 $ ( 355,000 ) $ 5,394,000 Issuance of common stock in connection with: Exercise of consultant stock-based options 4,054 - - - - - - Exercise of employee stock-based options 275 - - - - - - Stock-based compensation expense - - 1,932,000 - 1,932,000 - 1,932,000 Net loss - - - ( 6,464,000 ) ( 6,464,000 ) - ( 6,464,000 ) Balance at September 30, 2022 27,074,307 $ 27,000 $ 111,738,000 $ ( 110,548,000 ) $ 1,217,000 $ ( 355,000 ) $ 862,000 Balance at June 30, 2023 30,276,938 $ 30,000 $ 142,742,000 $ ( 120,365,000 ) $ 22,407,000 $ ( 355,000 ) $ 22,052,000 Issuance of common stock in connection with: Public offering, net of offering costs 3,887,324 4,000 64,516,000 - 64,520,000 - 64,520,000 Exercise of employee stock-based options 2,430 - 18,000 - 18,000 - 18,000 Vesting of PSUs 1,567,913 2,000 ( 2,000 ) - - - - Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards ( 616,984 ) ( 1,000 ) ( 11,272,000 ) - ( 11,273,000 ) - ( 11,273,000 ) Stock-based compensation expense - - 4,476,000 - 4,476,000 - 4,476,000 Net loss - - - ( 4,391,000 ) ( 4,391,000 ) - ( 4,391,000 ) Balance at September 30, 2023 35,117,621 $ 35,000 $ 200,478,000 $ ( 124,756,000 ) $ 75,757,000 $ ( 355,000 ) $ 75,402,000 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements 5 HARROW, INC. UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 2023 2022 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss $ ( 15,263,000 ) $ ( 15,141,000 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment, and software development costs 1,095,000 1,090,000 Amortization of intangible assets 7,634,000 1,200,000 Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 541,000 435,000 Provision for credit losses 68,000 36,000 Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount 2,568,000 585,000 Investment (gain) loss from investment in Eton ( 2,676,000 ) 4,341,000 Equity in losses of unconsolidated entities - 9,036,000 Loss on extinguishment of debt 5,465,000 - Loss on disposal of intangible assets 22,000 - Stock-based compensation 11,521,000 5,941,000 Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ( 12,287,000 ) ( 2,309,000 ) Inventories ( 2,383,000 ) ( 1,066,000 ) Prepaid expenses and other current assets ( 4,079,000 ) ( 716,000 ) Accounts payable and accrued expenses 1,584,000 1,534,000 Accrued payroll and related liabilities 1,294,000 352,000 Deferred revenue and customer deposits 40,000 99,000 NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES ( 4,856,000 ) 5,417,000 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Investment in patent and trademark assets - ( 19,000 ) Purchase of product NDAs, marketing authorizations and patents ( 151,084,000 ) - Purchases of property, plant and equipment ( 1,266,000 ) ( 1,719,000 ) NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES ( 152,350,000 ) ( 1,738,000 ) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from 11.875% notes payable, net of costs 4,961,000 - Proceeds from Oaktree Loan, net of costs 73,552,000 - Payment of payroll taxes upon vesting of PSUs, RSUs and exercise of stock options ( 12,971,000 ) ( 876,000 ) Proceeds from exercise of stock options 355,000 7,000 Proceeds from B. Riley senior secured note, net of costs 55,879,000 - Repayment of B. Riley senior secured note ( 59,750,000 ) - Proceeds from public offering of common stock, net of costs 64,520,000 - Payments on finance lease obligations - ( 18,000 ) NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES 126,546,000 ( 887,000 ) NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS ( 30,660,000 ) 2,792,000 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period 96,270,000 42,167,000 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period $ 65,610,000 $ 44,959,000 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: Cash paid for income taxes $ - $ 75,000 Cash paid for interest $ 12,279,000 $ 4,851,000 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Reclassification of deferred financing costs $ 1,950,000 $ - Accrual of exit fee related to Oaktree Loan $ 2,713,000 $ - Insurance premium financed $ 1,321,000 $ 906,000 Purchase of intangible asset included in accounts payable and accrued expenses $ - $ 5,000,000 Purchase of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 11,000 $ 86,000 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations $ - $ 2,188,000 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements 6 HARROW, INC. NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Company and Background Harrow, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates or otherwise requires, the “Company” or “Harrow”) is a leading eyecare pharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery, development, and commercialization of innovative ophthalmic pharmaceutical products for the U.S. market. Harrow helps U.S. eyecare professionals preserve the gift of sight by making its comprehensive portfolio of prescription and non-prescription pharmaceutical products accessible and affordable to millions of Americans each year. The Company owns commercial rights to one of the largest portfolios of branded ophthalmic pharmaceutical products in the U.S. that are marketed under its Harrow name. The Company also owns and operates ImprimisRx, one of the nation’s leading ophthalmology-focused pharmaceutical-compounding businesses. The Company owns non-controlling equity interests in Surface Ophthalmics, Inc. (“Surface”) and Melt Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Melt”), both companies that began as subsidiaries of Harrow. Harrow also owns royalty rights in various drug candidates being developed by Surface and Melt. Effective September 29, 2023, the Company changed its corporate name from Harrow Health, Inc. to Harrow, Inc. pursuant to a Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Basis of Presentation The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023 or for any other period. For further information, refer to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. Harrow consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. The Company assesses control under the variable interest entity (“VIE”) model to determine whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of that entity. The Company consolidates (i) entities in which it holds and/or controls, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights , and (ii) VIEs for which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The following represents an update for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Risks, Uncertainties and Liquidity The Company is subject to certain regulatory standards, approvals, guidelines and inspections which could impact the Company’s ability to make, dispense, and sell certain products. If the Company was required to cease compounding and selling certain products as a result of regulatory guidelines or inspections, this may have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. 7 Credit Losses The Company estimates and records a provision for its expected credit losses related to its financial instruments, including its trade receivables. Management considers historical collection rates, the current financial status of the Company’s customers, macroeconomic factors, and other industry-specific factors when evaluating for current expected credit losses. Forward-looking information is also considered in the evaluation of current expected credit losses. However, because of the short time to the expected receipt of accounts receivable, management believes that the carrying value, net of expected losses, approximates fair value and therefore, relies more on historical and current analysis of such financial instruments, including its trade receivables. To determine the provision for credit losses for accounts receivable, the Company has disaggregated its accounts receivable by class of customer at the business component level, as management determined that risk profile of the Company’s customers is consistent based on the type and industry in which they operate, mainly in the pharmaceuticals industry. Each business component is analyzed for estimated credit losses individually. In doing so, the Company establishes a historical loss matrix, based on the previous collections of accounts receivable by the age of such receivables, and evaluates the current and forecasted financial position of its customers, as available. Further, the Company considers macroeconomic factors and the status of the pharmaceuticals industry to estimate if there are current expected credit losses within its trade receivables based on the trends of the Company’s expectation of the future status of such economic and industry-specific factors. Also, specific allowance amounts are established based on review of outstanding invoices to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default. The accounts receivable balance on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 was $ 18,468,000 , net of $ 108,000 of allowances. The following table provides a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of accounts receivable to present the net amount expected to be collected at September 30, 2023: SCHEDULE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ALLOWANCE OF CREDIT LOSS Balance at January 1, 2023 $ 73,000 Change in expected credit losses 68,000 Write-offs, net of recoveries ( 33,000 ) Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 108,000 Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions The Company evaluates acquisitions of assets and other similar transactions to assess whether the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition by first applying a screen to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen is met, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If the screen is not met, further determination is required as to whether the Company has acquired inputs, process, and output, which would meet the requirements of a business. If determined to be a business combination, the Company accounts for the transaction under the acquisition method of accounting as indicated in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). ASC 805, Business Combinations , requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize the fair value of all assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and establishes the acquisition date as the fair value measurement point. Accordingly, the Company recognizes assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, including any contingent assets and liabilities, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree based on the fair value estimates as of the date of acquisition. The Company recognizes and measures goodwill as of the acquisition date, as the excess of the fair value of the consideration paid over the fair value of the identified net assets acquired. The consideration for the Company’s business acquisitions may include future payments that are contingent upon the occurrence of a particular event or events. The obligation for such contingent consideration payments are recorded at fair value on the acquisition date. The contingent consideration obligations are then evaluated each reporting period. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, other than changes due to payments, would be recognized as a gain or loss and recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. 8 If determined to be an asset acquisition, the Company accounts for the transaction under ASC 805-50, Business Combinations – Related Issues , which requires the acquiring entity in an asset acquisition to recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the cost to the acquiring entity or a relative fair value basis, which includes transaction costs in addition to consideration given. No gain or loss is recognized as of the date of acquisition unless the fair value of non-cash assets given as consideration differs from the assets’ carrying amounts on the acquiring entity’s financial statements. Consideration transferred that is non-cash will be measured based on either the cost (which shall be measured based on the fair value of the consideration given) or the fair value of the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, whichever is more clearly evident and more reliably measurable. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition and any excess consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated to the identifiable assets based on relative fair values. Fair Value Measurements Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. GAAP establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. The established fair value hierarchy prioritizes the use of inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following three levels: ● Level 1: Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and must be used to measure fair value whenever available. ● Level 2: Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. ● Level 3: Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. For example, Level 3 inputs would relate to forecasts of future earnings and cash flows used in a discounted future cash flows method. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company measured its investment in Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Eton”) on a recurring basis. The Company’s investment in Eton is classified as Level 1 as the fair value is determined using quoted market prices in active markets for the same securities. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair market value of the Company’s investment in Eton was $ 8,265,000 and $ 5,589,000 , respectively. The Company’s 2026 Notes (as defined in Note 13) are carried at face value, including the unamortized premium, less unamortized debt issuance costs, the 2027 Notes (as described in Note 13) are carried at face value less unamortized debt issuance costs, and the Oaktree Loan (as defined in Note 13) is carried at face value less the original issue discount and unamortized debt issuance costs on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and the Company presents fair value for disclosure purposes only. The 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes are classified as Level 1 instruments as the fair value is determined using quoted market prices in active markets for the same securities. The Oaktree Loan is classified as a Level 2 instrument and its fair value is determined through an income approach that considers collateral coverage, yield calibration, yield analysis and any adjustments to implied yield associated with the Company’s fundamental measures. The following table presents the estimated fair values and the carrying values: SCHEDULE OF ESTIMATED FAIR VALUE September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value 2026 Notes $ 73,020,000 $ 71,760,000 $ 72,436,000 $ 71,550,000 2027 Notes $ 37,234,000 $ 41,297,000 $ 31,738,000 $ 35,112,000 Oaktree Loan $ 71,932,000 $ 75,973,000 $ - $ - The Company’s other financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued payroll and related liabilities, deferred revenue and customer deposits and operating lease liabilities. The carrying amount of these financial instruments, except for operating lease liabilities, approximates fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company, the carrying value of the operating lease liabilities approximate their respective fair values. 9 Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares, such as stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”), and warrants, outstanding during the period. Common equivalent shares (using the treasury stock method) from stock options, unvested RSUs, unvested PSUs and warrants were 4,588,982 and 5,622,997 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share for the periods presented, because the effect is anti-dilutive. Included in the basic and diluted net loss per share calculation were RSUs awarded to directors that had vested, but the issuance and delivery of the shares are deferred until the director resigns. The number of shares underlying vested RSUs at September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 244,352 and 303,454 , respectively. The following table shows the computation of basic net loss per share of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022: SCHEDULE OF BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE 2023 2022 2023 2022 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Numerator – net loss $ ( 4,391,000 ) $ ( 6,464,000 ) $ ( 15,263,000 ) $ ( 15,141,000 ) Denominator – weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted 34,255,197 27,349,642 31,689,947 27,293,756 Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ ( 0.13 ) $ ( 0.24 ) $ ( 0.48 ) $ ( 0.55 ) Income Taxes The Company’s effective tax rate was ( 8.81 ) % and ( 0.50 ) % for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21 % due to state taxes, permanent book-tax differences related to Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“IRC”), Section 162(m) excess officer compensation limitation and share-based compensation and the change in valuation allowance. The Company’s effective tax rate was ( 53.96 ) % and ( 0.54 ) % for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21 % due to state taxes, permanent book-tax differences related to IRC Section 162(m) excess officer compensation limitation and share-based compensation and change in valuation allowance. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no unrecognized tax benefits included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets that would, if recognized, affect the effective tax rate. Investment in Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc . As of September 30, 2023, the Company owned 1,982,000 shares of Eton common stock (representing less than 10 % of the equity interests of Eton as of such date). At September 30, 2023, the fair market value of Eton’s common stock was $ 4.17 per share. In accordance with ASC 321, Investments — Equity Securities , the Company recorded unrealized holding gains (losses) from its Eton common stock position of $ 1,348,000 and $ 2,676,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $ ( 1,031,000 ) and $ ( 4,341,000 ) during the same periods in 2022, respectively, related to the change in fair market value of its investment in Eton during the measurement period. As of September 30, 2023, the fair market value of the Company’s investment in Eton was $ 8,265,000 . 10 Investment in Melt Pharmaceuticals, Inc. – Related Party As of September 30, 2023, the Company owns 3,500,000 shares of common stock of Melt (representing approximately 36 % of the equity interests of Melt as of such date). The Company analyzes its investment in Melt and related agreements on a regular basis to evaluate its position of variable interests in Melt. The Company has determined that it does not have the ability to control Melt, however it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of Melt and uses the equity method of accounting for this investment. Under this method, the Company recognizes earnings and losses in Melt in its condensed consolidated financial statements and adjusts the carrying amount of its investment in Melt accordingly. Any intra-entity profits and losses are eliminated. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company reduced the carrying value of its common stock investment in Melt to $ 0 as a result of the Company recording its share of equity losses in Melt since its deconsolidation in 2019. As of September 30, 2023, and at the time of entering into the Melt Loan Agreement (see Note 5), the Company owned 100 % of Melt’s indebtedness. Following the reduction of the carrying value of the Company’s common stock investment in Melt to $ 0 , the Company began recording 100 % of the equity method losses of Melt, based on its ownership of Melt’s total indebtedness. In addition, the Company treats interest paid in kind on the Melt Loan Agreement as an in-substance capital contribution and reduces its investment in Melt accordingly, rather than recording interest income. The Company has no other requirements to advance funds to Melt. The following table summarizes the Company’s investments in Melt as of September 30, 2023: SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENT Cost Share of Equity Method Paid-in-Kind In-substance Capital Net Carrying Basis Losses Interest Contributions Value Common stock $ 5,810,000 $ ( 5,810,000 ) $ - $ $ - Note receivable 13,500,000 ( 13,500,000 ) 4,265,000 ( 4,265,000 ) - $ 19,310,000 $ ( 19,310,000 ) $ 4,265,000 $ ( 4,265,000 ) $ - See Note 5 for more information and related party disclosure regarding Melt. Investment in Surface Ophthalmics, Inc. – Related Party As of September 30, 2023, the Company owned 3,500,000 common shares of Surface (representing approximately 20 % of the equity interests of Surface as of such date) and uses the equity method of accounting for this investment, as management has determined that the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of Surface. Under this method, the Company recognizes earnings and losses in Surface in its condensed consolidated financial statements and adjusts the carrying amount of its investment in Surface accordingly. The Company’s share of earnings and losses are based on the Company’s ownership interest of Surface. Any intra-entity profits and losses are eliminated. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company reduced its common stock investment in Surface to $ 0 as a result of the Company recording its share of equity losses of Surface. The Company has no other investments in Surface and no other requirements to advance funds to Surface. The following table summarizes the Company’s investment in Surface as of September 30, 2023: SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENT Cost Share of Equity Net Carrying Basis Method Losses Value Common stock $ 5,320,000 $ ( 5,320,000 ) $ - See Note 6 for more information and related party disclosure regarding Surface. 11 Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In September 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments . This ASU replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information for credit loss estimates on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. In addition, new disclosures are required. The ASU, as subsequently amended, is effective for the Company for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023. Based on the composition of the Company’s accounts receivable, investment portfolio, and other financial assets, including current market conditions and historical credit loss activity, the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures. Specifically, the Company’s estimate of expected credit losses as of September 30, 2023, using its expected credit loss evaluation process described above, resulted in no adjustments to the provision for credit losses and no cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit on the adoption date of the standard. Accounting Guidance Issued but Not Adopted at September 30, 2023 In August 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-05, Business Combinations—Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement , which applies to the formation of entities that meet the definition of a joint venture (or a corporate joint venture) and requires joint ventures to initially measure all contributions received upon formation at fair value. The new guidance does not impact accounting by the venturers. The new guidance is applicable to joint venture entities with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025 on a prospective basis. Joint ventures formed prior to the effective date may elect to apply the new guidance retrospectively back to their original formation date. We will apply the guidance in ASU 2023-05 prospectively to any future arrangements meeting the definition of a joint venture. NOTE 3. REVENUES The Company accounts for contracts with customers in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers . The Company has three primary streams of revenue: (1) revenue recognized from sales of products through its pharmacy and outsourcing facility and sales of branded products to wholesalers through a third-party logistics (“3PL”) partner, (2) revenue recognized from a commission agreement with a third party, and (3) revenue recognized from intellectual property licenses and asset purchase agreements. Product Revenues The Company sells prescription medications directly through its pharmacy, outsourcing facility and 3PL partner. Revenue from the Company’s pharmacy services includes: (i) the portion of the price the client pays directly to the Company, net of any volume-related or other discounts paid back to the client, (ii) the price paid to the Company by individuals, and (iii) customer copayments made directly to the pharmacy network. Sales taxes are not included in revenue. Following the core principles of ASC 606, the Company has identified the following: 1. Identify the contract(s) with a customer: A contract is deemed to exist when the customer places an order through receipt of a prescription, via an online order or via receipt of a purchase order from a customer. For branded products, orders are received through the Company’s 3PL partner, and the customer takes title of the products via formal purchase orders placed and fulfilled. 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract: Obligations for fulfillment of the Company’s contracts consist of delivering the product to customers at their specified destination. For shipping and handling activities under ASC 606, if the customer takes control of the goods after shipment, shipping and handling activities would always be considered a fulfillment activity and not treated as a separate performance obligation. If the customer takes control of the goods before shipment, entities must make an accounting policy election to treat shipping and handling activities as either a fulfillment cost or as a separate performance obligation. The Company has elected to treat its shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost. 3. Determine the transaction price: The transaction price is based on an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled, net of accruals for estimated rebates, wholesaler chargebacks, discounts and other deductions (collectively, sales deductions) and an estimate for returns and replacements established at the time of sale. The Company utilizes the services of a third-party professional services firm to estimate rebates and chargebacks associated with sales of its branded products. The transfer of promised goods is satisfied within a year, and therefore there are no significant financing components. There is no non-cash consideration related to product sales. 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract: Because there is only one performance obligation for product sales, no allocation is necessary. 5. Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation: Revenue from products is recognized upon transfer of control of a product to a customer. This generally occurs upon shipment unless contractual terms with a customer state that transfer of control occurs at delivery. 12 Commission Revenues The Company had entered into an agreement whereby it was paid a fee calculated based on sales the Company generates from a pharmaceutical product that is owned by a third party. The revenue earned from this arrangement was recognized, at which point there was no future performance obligation required by the Company and no consequential continuing involvement on the Company’s part to recognize the associated revenue. Revenues From Transfer of Acquired Product Sales and Profits The Company has entered into agreements whereby it purchased the exclusive commercial rights to assets associated with certain ophthalmic products from other pharmaceutical companies (the “Sellers”). During a temporary, transition period, the Sellers continue to manufacture and market these products and transfer the net profit from the sale of the products to the Company. The revenue recognized by the Company from the transfer of net profit was recognized at the time profit from the product sales were calculated by the Sellers and confirmed by the Company, typically on a monthly basis, at which point there is no future performance obligation required by the Company and no consequential continuing involvement on the Company’s part to recognize the associated revenue. On a quarterly basis, the Sellers invoice the Company for all credits and reimbursements (“Chargebacks”) made to customers related to the products. The Company uses historical actual experience to estimate Chargebacks associated with the net sales and profit transferred. The estimated Chargebacks are recorded as a reduction in revenues from transfer of acquired product sales and profits in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations, and recorded as a reduction to accounts receivable in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, at the time the revenue is recognized. Intellectual Property License Revenues The Company currently holds five intellectual property licenses and related agreements pursuant to which the Company has agreed to license or sell to a customer with the right to access the Company’s intellectual property. License arrangements may consist of non-refundable upfront license fees, data transfer fees, research reimbursement payments, exclusive license rights to patented or patent pending compounds, technology access fees, and various performance or sales milestones. These arrangements can be multiple-element arrangements, the revenue of which is recognized at the point in time that the performance obligation is met. Non-refundable fees that are not contingent on any future performance by the Company and require no consequential continuing involvement on the part of the Company are recognized as revenue when the license term commences and the licensed data, technology, compounded drug preparation and/or other deliverables are delivered. Such deliverables may include physical quantities of compounded drug preparations, design of the compounded drug preparations and structure-activity relationships, the conceptual framework and mechanism of action, and rights to the patents or patent applications for such compounded drug preparations. The Company defers recognition of non-refundable fees if it has continuing performance obligations without which the technology, right, product or service conveyed in conjunction with the non-refundable fee has no utility to the licensee and that are separate and independent of the Company’s performance under the other elements of the arrangement. In addition, if the Company’s continued involvement is required, through research and development services that are related to its proprietary know-how and expertise of the delivered technology or can only be performed by the Company, then such non-refundable fees are deferred and recognized over the period of continuing involvement. Guaranteed minimum annual royalties are recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable term. 13 Revenue disaggregated by revenue source for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following: SCHEDULE OF DISAGGREGATED REVENUE 2023 2022 2023 2022 For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Product sales, net $ 31,809,000 $ 21,575,000 $ 81,804,000 $ 63,433,000 Commission revenues - 1,044,000 - 3,576,000 Transfer of acquired product sales/profit 2,456,000 204,000 12,034,000 1,257,000 Total revenues $ 34,265,000 $ 22,823,000 $ 93,838,000 $ 68,266,000 Deferred revenue and customer deposits at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $ 153,000 and $ 113,000 , respectively. All deferred revenue and customer deposit amounts at December 31, 2022 were recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. NOTE 4. RECENT PRODUCT ACQUISITIONS, LICENSES AND DIVESTITURES Acquisition of VEVYE TM U.S. and Canadian Commercial Rights In July 2023, the Company acquired commercial rights of VEVYE (cyclosporine ophthalmic solution) 0.1 %, an ophthalmic drug product, for the U.S. and Canadian markets (the “VEVYE Acquisition”). The Company acquired the commercial rights to VEVYE by entering into a license agreement with Novaliq GmbH (“Novaliq”). As consideration, the Company made initial payments to Novaliq totaling $ 8,000,000 and will pay low double-digit royalties on net sales of VEVYE along with potential commercial milestone payments. The Company accounted for the VEVYE Acquisition as an acquisition of assets and capitalized the initial payments of $ 8,000,000 and costs of $ 70,000 associated with the transaction. Acquisition of Certain U.S. and Canadian Commercial Rights to Santen and Eyevance Products In July 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Eyevance Pharmaceuticals, LLC and a License Agreement with Santen S.A.S. (collectively, the “Santen Agreements”), each a subsidiary of Santen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (collectively, “Santen”). Pursuant to the Santen Agreements, the Company acquired the exclusive commercial rights to assets associated with the following ophthalmic products (collectively, the “Santen Products”): FLAREX, NATACYN, ZERVIATE, VERKAZIA and FRESHKOTE in the US, and VERKAZIA and CATIONORM PLUS in Canada. The transactions pursuant to the Santen Agreements are referred to in these notes as the “Santen Products Acquisition.” Under the terms of the Santen Agreements, the Company made an initial one-time payment of $ 8,000,000 . In addition, the Santen Agreements provide for various one-time contingent milestone payments associated with certain manufacturing-related events as well as low-double digit royalty payments on net sales of VERKAZIA and high-single digit royalty payments on net sales of CATIONORM PLUS. Under the Santen Agreements, the Company also assumed certain obligations associated with other third parties that require mid-single digit royalties on sales of FRESHKOTE and ZERVIATE. Immediately following the closing and subject to certain conditions, prior to the transfer of the Santen Products new drug applications (“NDAs”) and other marketing authorizations to the Company, Santen continued to sell the Santen Products on the Company’s behalf and transfer the net profit from the sale of the Santen Products to the Company. See Note 18 regarding the transfer of certain marketing authorizations of the Santen Products. The assets acquired in the Santen Products Acquisition are identifiable intangible asset groups in similar asset classes and all directly related to the product NDAs and marketing authorizations acquired. The developed technology is within one major intangible asset class. No workforce/employees were included in the Santen Products Acquisition and the Company is required to utilize its own business inputs/processes to transfer and commercialize the Santen Products. The Company incurred $ 139,000 in costs associated with the Santen Products Acquisition, and including such acquisition costs, the payment of $ 8,000,000 at closing and a near term milestone of $ 500,000 . The total purchase price of the Santen Products Acquisition was $ 8,639,000 and was accounted for as an asset acquisition. At the time of the Santen Products Acquisition and as of September 30, 2023, the remaining contingent consideration due was not considered probable and reasonably estimable and therefore, no amount was included in the purchase price of the Santen Products Acquisition. At the time the contingent consideration due becomes probable and reasonably estimable the additional consideration, if any, paid will be allocated to all of the assets on a pro rata basis based on their initial estimated fair values as a percent of the total purchase price. 14 Acquisition of ILEVRO, NEVANAC, VIGAMOX, MAXIDEX, and TRIESENCE In December 2022, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Fab 5 APA”) with Novartis Technology, LLC and Novartis Innovative Therapies AG (together, “Novartis”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase from Novartis the exclusive commercial rights to assets associated with the following ophthalmic products (collectively the “Fab 5 Products”) in the U.S. (the “Fab 5 Acquisition”): ILEVRO, NEVANAC, VIGAMOX, MAXIDEX, and TRIESENCE. Under the terms of the Fab 5 APA, the Company made a one-time payment of $ 130,000,000 at closing in January 2023, with up to another $ 45,000,000 due in a milestone payment related to the timing of the commercial availability of TRIESENCE. Pursuant to the Fab 5 APA and various ancillary agreements, immediately following the closing and subject to certain conditions and prior to the transfer of the Fab 5 Products NDAs to the Company, Novartis will continue to sell the Fab 5 Products on the Company’s behalf and transfer the net profit from the sale of the Fab 5 Products to the Company. Novartis has agreed to supply certain Fab 5 Products to the Company for a period of time after the NDAs are transferred and to assist with technology transfer of the Fab 5 Products manufacturing to other third-party manufacturers, if needed. The assets acquired in the Fab 5 Acquisition are identifiable intangible asset groups in similar asset classes and all directly related to the five product NDAs acquired. The developed technology is within one major intangible asset class. No workforce/employees were included in the Fab 5 Acquisition and the Company is required to utilize its own business inputs/processes to transfer and commercialize the Fab 5 Products and NDAs. The Company incurred $ 558,000 in costs associated with the Fab 5 Acquisition and including such acquisition costs and the payment of $ 130,000,000 at closing. The total purchase price of the Fab 5 Acquisition was $ 130,558,000 and was accounted for as an asset acquisition. At the time of the Fab 5 Acquisition and as of September 30, 2023, the contingent consideration due related to the commercial availability of TRIESENCE was not considered probable and reasonably estimable and, therefore, no amount was included in the purchase price of the Fab 5 Acquisition. At the time the contingent consideration due related to the commercial availability of TRIESENCE becomes probable and reasonably estimable the additional consideration, if any, paid will be allocated to all of the assets on a pro rata basis based on their initial estimated fair values as a percent of the total purchase price. The Company does not consider any amounts related to TRIESENCE to be in-process research and development (IPR&D) as considered within the scope of ASC 730, Research and Development . Divestiture of Non-Ophthalmic Assets In October 2022, wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company (collectively, “Imprimis”) entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “RPC Agreement”) with Innovation Compounding Pharmacy, LLC (the “Buyer”). Under the terms of the RPC Agreement, Imprimis agreed to sell substantially all of its assets associated with its non-ophthalmology related compounding product line, including but not limited to, certain intellectual property rights, customer lists, databases, and formulations (the “RPC Assets”). The Buyer agreed to make offers of employment to nine of the Company’s employees that were responsible for the sales activities associated with the RPC Assets. Under the terms of the RPC Agreement, the Buyer paid Imprimis an aggregate cash amount of $ 6,000,000 in October 2022. In addition, the Buyer is obligated to pay up to $ 4,500,000 to Imprimis based on mutually agreed upon revenue milestones during the calendar year 2023 (the “Contingent Amount”). During the year ended December 31, 2022, no amount related to the Contingent Amount was recognized by the Company. The Company will recognize a gain related to the Contingent Amount if/when the contingency (in this case, revenue thresholds for 2023) become likely and reasonably estimable. In connection with the RPC Agreement, Imprimis entered into a separate transition services agreement (the “RPC TSA”) with the Buyer related to providing ongoing services associated with the RPC Assets, such as procuring and dispensing prescription orders, providing accounting and billing services and collecting accounts receivable. Imprimis provided transition services to the Buyer for approximately nine months following the effective date of the RPC Agreement and expects to wind down transition services in subsequent periods. The Company collected and will continue to collect cash on behalf of the Buyer for revenue generated by sales of RPC Assets from October 2022 through the transition period and the Company is obligated to transfer cash generated by such sales to the Buyer. The Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 includes accounts receivable of $ 59,000 for cash to be collected on behalf of the Buyer for sales of RPC Assets sold through September 30, 2023. There were no amount due from the Buyer for reimbursement of services performed under the RPC TSA as of September 30, 2023. The receivable amount of $ 59,000 was additionally recorded within accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023, and represents a payable to the Buyer. The Company recorded a loss from the RPC TSA and disposition and sale of certain related assets and unusable inventory of $ 159,000 and $ 330,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which is presented in other expense, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. 15 NOTE 5. INVESTMENT IN AND NOTE RECEIVABLE FROM MELT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS In December 2018, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Melt APA”) with Melt. Pursuant to the terms of the Melt APA, Melt was assigned certain intellectual property and related rights from the Company to develop, formulate, make, sell, and sub-license certain Company conscious sedation and analgesia related formulations (collectively, the “Melt Products”). Under the terms of the Melt APA, Melt is required to make mid-single digit royalty payments to the Company on net sales of the Melt Products while any patent rights remain outstanding, as well as other conditions. In February 2019, the Company entered into a Management Service Agreement with Melt (the “Melt MSA”), whereby the Company provided to Melt certain administrative services and support, including bookkeeping, web services and human resources related activities, and Melt was required to pay the Company a monthly amount of $ 10,000 . The Melt MSA was terminated effective July 1, 2023. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $ 0 and $ 89,000 , and $ 30,000 and $ 100,000 , respectively, due from Melt for reimbursable expenses and amounts payable pursuant to the Melt MSA, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was due $ 228,000 and $ 139,000 , respectively, from Melt for reimbursable expenses and amounts due under the Melt MSA. The Company made a cash advance to Melt of $ 500,000 and Melt repaid the $ 500,000 cash advance during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Melt sold approximately 2,000,000 shares of its Series B Preferred Stock and raised over $ 17,000,000 in gross proceeds from third party investors. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mark L. Baum, was previously a member of the Melt board of directors until his resignation during the year ended December 31, 2021. Mr. Baum re-joined the Melt board of directors in January 2023. At the time Mr. Baum re-joined, the Melt board of directors consisted of five members, including Mr. Baum, who is the only representative of the Company on Melt’s board of directors. The unaudited condensed results of operations information of Melt is summarized below: SCHEDULE OF CONDENSED INCOME STATEMENT 2023 2022 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Revenues, net $ - $ - Loss from operations $ ( 3,663,000 ) $ ( 9,064,000 ) Net loss $ ( 5,407,000 ) $ ( 10,562,000 ) The unaudited condensed balance sheet information of Melt is summarized below: SCHEDULE OF CONDENSED BALANCE SHEET 2023 2022 At September 30, At December 31, 2023 2022 Current assets $ 13,011,000 $ 655,000 Non-current assets 31,000 107,000 Total assets $ 13,042,000 $ 762,000 Total liabilities $ 20,733,000 $ 19,056,000 Total preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit ( 7,691,000 ) ( 18,294,000 ) Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit $ 13,042,000 $ 762,000 16 Melt Note Receivable On September 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement in the principal amount of $ 13,500,000 (the “Melt Loan Agreement”), as lender, with Melt, as borrower. Amounts borrowed under the Melt Loan Agreement bear interest at 12.50 % per annum, which interest can be paid in-kind at the option of Melt until the maturity date. The Melt Loan Agreement permits Melt to pay interest only on the principal amount loaned thereunder through the term and all amounts owed were previously due and payable on September 1, 2022. In April 2022, the Company entered into a First Amendment and in September 2022, a Second Amendment (together, the “Amendments”) to the Melt Loan Agreement. The Amendments (i) extended the maturity date of the Melt Loan Agreement to September 1, 2023, which can be extended further to September 1, 2026 upon Melt completing a qualifying financing of a minimum amount of $ 10,000,000 from third-party investors, (ii) added conditions related to minimum cash amounts following a qualifying financing, and (iii) clarified the definition of material adverse effects. Melt may elect to prepay all, but not less than all, of the amounts owed prior to the maturity date at any time without penalty. Melt has granted the Company a security interest in substantially all of its personal property, rights and assets, including intellectual property rights, to secure the payment of all amounts owed under the Melt Loan Agreement. The Melt Loan Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including covenants by Melt limiting additional indebtedness, liens, mergers and acquisitions, dispositions, investments, distributions, subordinated debt, and transactions with affiliates. The Melt Loan Agreement includes customary events of default, and upon the occurrence of an event of default (subject to cure periods for certain events of default), all amounts owed by Melt thereunder may be declared immediately due and payable by the Company, and the interest rate on the loan may be increased by 3 % per annum. The Melt Loan Agreement is currently in default due to non-payment on September 1, 2023. The Company and Melt are involved in ongoing discussions to resolve the default. In connection with the Melt Loan Agreement, the Company and Melt entered into a Right of First Refusal Agreement providing the Company with the right, but not the obligation, to match any offer received by Melt associated with the commercial rights to any of Melt’s drug candidates for a period of five years following the effective date of the Melt Loan Agreement. The net funds received by Melt excluded $ 908,000 owed to the Company for reimbursable expenses and amounts due under the Melt MSA prior to the effective date of the note receivable. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, aggregate principal and accrued interest payable to the Company pursuant to the Melt Loan Agreement amounted to $ 17,765,000 and $ 15,984,000 , respectively. In accordance with ASC 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures , the carrying amount of the note receivable has been reduced by the Company’s allocated share of Melt’s losses based on its ownership of Melt’s total indebtedness (see Note 2). NOTE 6. INVESTMENT IN SURFACE OPHTHALMICS, INC. - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS The Company entered into an asset purchase and license agreement with Surface in 2017 and amended it in April 2018 (together, the “Surface License Agreements”). Pursuant to the terms of the Surface License Agreements, the Company assigned and licensed to Surface certain intellectual property and related rights associated with Surface’s drug candidates (collectively, the “Surface Products”). Surface is required to make mid-single digit royalty payments to the Company on net sales of the Surface Products while any patent rights remain outstanding. As of September 30, 2023, the Company owned 3,500,000 shares of Surface common stock. Perry J. Sternberg, a director of the Company, is a director of Surface. Mark L. Baum, who is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, was previously a member of the Surface board of directors and resigned from his position as a director of Surface on March 31, 2023. The unaudited condensed results of operations information of Surface is summarized below: SUMMARY OF CONDENSED INCOME STATEMENT 2023 2022 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Revenues, net $ - $ - Loss from operations $ ( 4,723,000 ) $ ( 5,338,000 ) Net loss $ ( 4,463,000 ) $ ( 5,338,000 ) 17 The unaudited condensed balance sheet information of Surface is summarized below: SUMMARY OF CONDENSED BALANCE SHEET At September 30, At December 31, 2023 2022 Current assets $ 11,140,000 $ 15,350,000 Non-current assets 780,000 652,000 Total assets $ 11,920,000 $ 16,002,000 Total liabilities $ 1,392,000 $ 1,586,000 Total preferred stock and stockholders’ equity 10,528,000 14,416,000 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 11,920,000 $ 16,002,000 NOTE 7. INVENTORIES Inventories are comprised of finished compounded formulations, over-the-counter and prescription retail pharmacy products, branded pharmaceutical products, including those held at the Company’s 3PL partner, related laboratory supplies and active pharmaceutical ingredients. The composition of inventories as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows: SCHEDULE OF INVENTORIES September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Raw materials $ 5,289,000 $ 3,707,000 Work in progress 113,000 38,000 Finished goods 3,522,000 2,796,000 Total inventories $ 8,924,000 $ 6,541,000 NOTE 8. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS Prepaid expenses and other current assets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following: SCHEDULE OF PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Prepaid insurance $ 1,817,000 $ 858,000 Prepaid computer software licenses and related expenses 768,000 1,165,000 Due from Melt Pharmaceuticals 228,000 139,000 Other prepaid expenses 1,766,000 937,000 Prepaid Prescription Drug User fees 4,314,000 394,000 Deposits and other current assets 118,000 118,000 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 9,011,000 $ 3,611,000 NOTE 9. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Property, plant and equipment at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following: SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Property, plant and equipment, net: Computer hardware $ 1,228,000 $ 979,000 Furniture and equipment 915,000 860,000 Lab and pharmacy equipment 4,636,000 4,259,000 Leasehold improvements 6,654,000 6,449,000 Property, plant and equipment, gross 13,433,000 12,547,000 Accumulated depreciation ( 9,804,000 ) ( 9,061,000 ) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 3,629,000 $ 3,486,000 For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, depreciation related to the property, plant and equipment was $ 290,000 and $ 743,000 , respectively, compared to $ 171,000 and $ 928,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. 18 NOTE 10. CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE COSTS Capitalized software costs at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following: SCHEDULE OF FINITE LIVED INTANGIBLE ASSETS September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Capitalized software costs Capitalized internal-use software development costs $ 2,746,000 $ 1,413,000 Acquired third-party software license for internal-use 159,000 159,000 Total gross capitalized software for internal-use 2,905,000 1,572,000 Accumulated amortization ( 1,145,000 ) ( 793,000 ) Capitalized internal-use software in process 391,000 1,333,000 Total finite lived intangible assets net $ 2,151,000 $ 2,112,000 The Company recorded amortization expense of $ 115,000 and $ 352,000 related to capitalized software costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $ 76,000 and $ 162,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. NOTE 11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL The Company’s intangible assets at September 30, 2023 consisted of the following: SCHEDULE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS Amortization Periods (in years) Cost Accumulated Amortization Disposal Net Carrying Value Patents 17 - 19 $ 980,000 $ ( 226,000 ) $ - $ 754,000 Licenses 20 100,000 ( 30,000 ) ( 22,000 ) 48,000 Trademarks Indefinite 268,000 - - 268,000 Acquired NDAs 4 - 15 170,353,000 ( 8,889,000 ) - 161,464,000 Customer relationships 3 - 15 596,000 ( 498,000 ) - 98,000 Trade name 5 75,000 ( 5,000 ) - 70,000 Non-competition clause 3 - 4 50,000 ( 50,000 ) - - State pharmacy licenses 25 8,000 ( 7,000 ) - 1,000 $ 172,430,000 $ ( 9,705,000 ) $ ( 22,000 ) $ 162,703,000 Amortization expense for intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows: SCHEDULE OF AMORTIZATION EXPENSES FOR INTANGIBLE ASSETS 2023 2022 2023 2022 For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Patents $ 22,000 $ 22,000 $ 65,000 $ 65,000 Licenses 2,000 2,000 7,000 13,000 Acquired NDAs 2,551,000 341,000 7,526,000 1,023,000 Customer relationships 9,000 33,000 36,000 99,000 Amortization of intangible assets $ 2,584,000 $ 398,000 $ 7,634,000 $ 1,200,000 Estimated future amortization expense for the Company’s intangible assets at September 30, 2023 was as follows: SCHEDULE OF ESTIMATED FUTURE AMORTIZATION EXPENSE Remainder of 2023 $ 2,458,000 2024 13,792,000 2025 13,792,000 2026 13,792,000 2027 13,501,000 Thereafter 105,100,000 Intangible assets $ 162,435,000 There were no changes to the carrying value of the Company’s goodwill during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. 19 NOTE 12. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES Accounts payable and accrued expenses at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following: SCHEDULE OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES September 30, December 31, 2023 2022 Accounts payable $ 6,025,000 $ 6,440,000 Income tax payable 1,221,000 - Accrued insurance premium 1,321,000 575,000 Accrued IHEEZO milestone payments - 5,000,000 Accrued litigation settlements 49,000 49,000 Accrued RPC transition payments (see Note 4) 59,000 453,000 Accrued managed care commercial rebates 2,118,000 - Accrued interest (see Note 13) 1,979,000 1,254,000 Accrued exit fee for note payable (see Note 13) 2,713,000 - Total accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 15,485,000 $ 13,771,000 Less: current portion ( 12,772,000 ) ( 13,771,000 ) Non-current total accrued expenses $ 2,713,000 $ - The Company financed all insurance policies for the policy terms of August 17, 2022 through August 16, 2023 and August 17, 2023 through August 16, 2024. The financing agreements have an interest rate of 4.13 % and 7.48 % per annum, respectively, and require eight monthly payments of $ 114,000 and nine monthly payments of $ 169,000 , respectively. NOTE 13. DEBT Oaktree Loan Due 2026 In March 2023, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty, (the “Oaktree Loan”) with Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders (together, “Oaktree”), providing for a senior secured term loan facility to the Company with a principal amount of up to $ 100,000,000 . Upon entering into the Oaktree Loan, the Company drew a principal amount of $ 65,000,000 (“Tranche A”) from the Oaktree Loan and used the net proceeds to repay all amounts owed by the Company pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement the Company previously entered into with B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC on December 14, 2022 (the “B. Riley Loan”) – see subheading B. Riley Loan and Security Agreement – Paid in Full within this Note 13. The additional principal loan amount of up to $ 35,000,000 available under the Oaktree Loan (“Tranche B”) will be made available to the Company upon the commercialization of TRIESENCE. If Tranche B is not drawn by the Company on or before March 27, 2024, the amount available under Tranche B will be decreased to $ 30,000,000 . The Oaktree Loan is secured by nearly all of the assets, including intellectual property, of the Company and its material subsidiaries. The Oaktree Loan has a maturity date of January 19, 2026 and carries an interest rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 6.5 % per annum (totaling 11.90 % at September 30, 2023). From proceeds, the Company paid fees, and offering expenses, and the Oaktree Loan was issued at an original issue discount of $ 3,415,000 , in aggregate. The Oaktree Loan also carries an exit fee equal to 3.5 % of the aggregate principal amount owed and the Company accrued $ 2,275,000 related to the exit fee. The original issue discount, fees and expenses (including the exit fee) are being amortized over the term of the Oaktree Loan using the effective interest rate method. The Oaktree Loan requires quarterly interest-only payments with all of the unpaid principal, interest and fees due on the maturity date, January 19, 2026. 20 In July 2023, the Company entered into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement and Guaranty and Consent (the “Oaktree Amendment”) to the Oaktree Loan. Under the Oaktree Amendment, the overall credit facility size was increased from $ 100,000,000 to $ 112,500,000 , and the Company made other changes related to the Santen Products Acquisition (see Note 4). Upon satisfaction of certain conditions to funding, the Company drew down a principal amount of $ 12,500,000 (the “Loan Increase”) to fund the initial one-time payment associated with the Santen Products Acquisition and for other working capital and general corporate purposes. No other material changes to the Oaktree Loan were made pursuant to the Oaktree Amendment. Following entry into the Oaktree Amendment and the funding of the Loan Increase upon closing of the Santen Products Acquisition, the Company has drawn down a total principal loan amount of $ 77,500,000 under the Oaktree Loan and an additional principal loan amount of up to $ 35,000,000 remains available to the Company upon the commercialization of TRIESENCE. The Oaktree Loan exit fee was increased from $ 2,275,000 to $ 2,713,000 pursuant to the Oaktree Amendment. The exit fee is equal to 3.50 % of the amended aggregate principal amount owed and the Company accrued an additional $ 438,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2023 related to the exit fee. The Oaktree Loan contains customary guarantees and covenants, including financial covenants related to minimum liquidity and minimum net revenues. At September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with these covenants. As of the end of the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2024, if the Company’s Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Oaktree Loan) is greater than or equal to five times, but less than seven times, the Company will be required to issue to Oaktree warrants to purchase 375,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, and if the Total Leverage Ratio is greater than or equal to seven times, the Company will be required to issue to Oaktree warrants to purchase an additional 375,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (equaling 750,000 shares in aggregate). If the Total Leverage Ratio as of the end of the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2024 is less than five times, no warrants will be issued to Oaktree. Based on current projections, the Company does not expect to issue any warrants related to the Oaktree Loan. Interest expense related to the Oaktree Loan totaled $ 2,995,000 and $ 5,660,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and included the amortization of debt issuance costs and discount of $ 567,000 and $ 1,093,000 , respectively. HROWM - 11.875% Senior Notes Due 2027 In December 2022 and in January 2023, the Company closed an offering of $ 35,000,000 and $ 5,250,000 , respectively, aggregate principal amount of 11.875 % senior notes due in December 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes were sold to investors at a par value of $ 25.00 per 2027 Note, and the offering resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $ 36,699,000 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses of $ 3,551,000 . The 2027 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s other existing and future senior unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The 2027 Notes are effectively subordinated in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness of the Company’s subsidiaries, including trade payables. The 2027 Notes bear interest at the rate of 11.875 % per annum. Interest on the 2027 Notes is payable quarterly in arrears on January 31, April 30, July 31 and October 31 of each year, commencing on January 31, 2023. The 2027 Notes will mature on December 31, 2027 . At any time prior to December 31, 2024, the Company may, at its option, redeem the 2027 Notes, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed, plus a make-whole amount, if any, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. The Company may redeem the 2027 Notes for cash in whole or in part at any time at its option (i) on or after December 31, 2024 and prior to December 31, 2025, at a price equal to $25.50 per note, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption, (ii) on or after December 31, 2025 and prior to December 31, 2026, at a price equal to $25.25 per note, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption, and (iii) on or after December 31, 2026 and prior to maturity, at a price equal to 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. In addition, the Company is required to redeem the 2027 Notes, for cash, in whole but not in part, at the price of $25.50 per note, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption, upon occurrence of certain events including the occurrence of a Material Change, as defined in the Second Supplemental Indenture. The 2027 Notes trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “HROWM.” Interest expense related to the 2027 Notes totaled $ 1,375,000 and $ 4,141,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and included amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount of $ 180,000 and $ 556,000 , respectively. Our Chief Executive Officer, Mark L. Baum, Chief Financial Officer, Andrew R. Boll, and former directors R. Lawrence Van Horn and Dr. Richard Lindstrom, in the aggregate, purchased $ 950,000 in principal amount of the 2027 Notes at the time of their offering. 21 HROWL – 8.625% Senior Notes Due 2026 In April 2021, the Company closed an offering of $ 50,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.625 % senior notes due April 2026, and in May 2021 issued an additional $ 5,000,000 of such notes pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional notes (collectively, the “April Notes”). The April Notes were sold to investors at a par value of $ 25.00 per April Note and the offering resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $ 51,909,000 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses of $ 3,091,000 . In September 2021, in a further issuance of the April Notes, the Company sold an additional $ 20,000,000 aggregate principal amount of such notes (the “September Notes,” and together with the April Notes, the “2026 Notes”), at a price of $ 25.75 per September Note, with interest of $ 278,000 on the September Notes being accrued from April 20, 2021, the date of issuance of the April Notes. The September offering resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $ 19,164,000 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses of $ 1,158,000 and a premium on note issuance of $ 322,000 . The September Notes are treated as a single series with the April Notes under the indenture governing the April Notes, dated as of April 20, 2021, and have the same terms as the April Notes (other than the initial offering price and issue date). The 2026 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equally in right of payment with all of our other existing and future senior unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The 2026 Notes are effectively subordinated in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness of the Company’s subsidiaries, including trade payables. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 8.625 % per annum. Interest on the 2026 Notes is payable quarterly in arrears on January 31, April 30, July 31 and October 31 of each year, commencing on July 31, 2021. The 2026 Notes will mature on April 30, 2026 . The issuance costs were recorded as a debt discount and are being amortized as interest expense, net of the amortization of the premium on note issuance, over the term of the 2026 Notes using the effective interest rate method . Prior to February 1, 2026, the Company may, at its option, redeem the 2026 Notes, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed , plus a make-whole amount, if any, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. The Company may redeem the 2026 Notes for cash in whole or in part at any time at our option on or after February 1, 2026 and prior to maturity, at a price equal to 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. On and after any redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on the redeemed Notes. The 2026 Notes trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “HROWL”. Interest expense related to the 2026 Notes totaled $ 1,814,000 and $ 5,436,000 and $ 1,814,000 and $ 5,436,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and included amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts of $ 197,000 and $ 585,000 and $ 197,000 and $ 585,000 for three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. B. Riley Loan and Security Agreement – Paid in Full On December 14, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “BR Loan”) with B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders. The BR Loan provided for a loan facility of up to $ 100,000,000 to the Company with a maturity date of December 14, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”), at an interest rate of 10.875 % per annum. 22 The BR Loan was secured by an intellectual property security agreement entered into in connection with the BR Loan, and by all assets of the Company and its material subsidiaries. The outstanding balance of the BR Loan was due in full on the Maturity Date. The BR Loan provided for voluntary prepayment subject to no prepayment fee if no loan amount had been funded or the prepayment or repayment occurred (other than as a result of acceleration of the BR Loan) on or prior to the date that was 90 days following the Effective Date and up to 3.00 % of the amount of the BR Loan based on other payment dates. In January 2023, $ 59,750,000 of principal amount was funded pursuant to the BR Loan simultaneously with the consummation of the Fab 5 Acquisition (see Note 4). In March 2023, the Company repaid all amounts owed under the BR Loan, in connection with the Oaktree Loan, and no exit or prepayment fees were paid as a result of the payoff of the BR Loan pursuant to a side letter agreement among the parties. Interest expense related to the BR Loan totaled $ 1,565,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and included amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount of $ 356,000 . The Company recorded a loss of $ 5,465,000 related to the early extinguishment of debt associated with the BR Loan. A summary of the Company’s debt at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is described as follows: SCHEDULE OF LONG TERM DEBT September 30, December 31, 2023 2022 8.625% Senior Notes, due April 2026 $ 75,000,000 $ 75,000,000 11.875% Senior Notes, due December 2027 40,250,000 35,000,000 Oaktree Loan, due January 2026 77,500,000 - Notes payable gross 192,750,000 110,000,000 Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs ( 10,564,000 ) ( 5,826,000 ) Notes payable net $ 182,186,000 $ 104,174,000 For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the total effective interest rate of the Company’s debt was 10.78 %, and 10.91 %, respectively, and 8.88 % and 8.96 % for the same periods in the prior year, respectively . At September 30, 2023, future minimum payments under the Company’s debt were as follows: SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYMENT UNDER NOTES PAYABLES Amount Remainder of 2023 $ 5,347,000 2024 21,159,000 2025 20,550,000 2026 159,894,000 2027 45,030,000 Total minimum payments 251,980,000 Less: amount representing interest payments ( 59,230,000 ) Notes payable, gross principal amount due 192,750,000 Less: unamortized debt issuance costs, net of premium ( 10,564,000 ) Notes payable, net of unamortized debt issuance costs $ 182,186,000 NOTE 14. LEASES The Company leases office and laboratory space under non-cancelable operating leases listed below. These lease agreements have remaining terms between one to five years and contain various clauses for renewal at the Company’s option. ● An operating lease for 5,789 square feet of office space in Carlsbad, California, which commenced in January 2022 and will expire in March 2025 . ● An operating lease for 35,326 square feet of lab, warehouse and office space in Ledgewood, New Jersey that expires in July 2027 , with an option to extend the term for two additional five-year periods. This includes an amendment, which was made effective July 2020, that extended the term of the original lease and added 1,400 of additional square footage to the lease, and another amendment entered into in May 2021 that extended the term of the lease to July 2027 and added 8,900 square feet of space. 23 ● An operating lease for 5,500 square feet of office space in Nashville, Tennessee, which commenced in January 2020 and will expire in December 2024 , with an option to extend the term for two additional five-year periods. ● An operating lease for 11,552 square feet of lab and office space in Nashville, Tennessee which commenced in September 2022 and will expire in September 2027 . At September 30, 2023, the weighted average incremental borrowing rate and the weighted average remaining lease term for the operating leases held by the Company were 6.60 % and 10.54 years, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash paid for amounts included for the operating lease liabilities was $ 310,000 and $ 921,000 , respectively, and $ 249,000 and $ 622,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded operating lease expense of $ 309,000 and $ 926,000 and $ 309,000 and $ 809,000 , respectively, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Future lease payments under operating leases as of September 30, 2023 were as follows : SCHEDULE OF FUTURE LEASE PAYMENT UNDER OPERATING LEASES Operating Leases Remainder of 2023 $ 310,000 2024 1,262,000 2025 1,093,000 2026 1,114,000 2027 972,000 Thereafter 5,829,000 Total minimum lease payments 10,580,000 Less: amount representing interest payments ( 3,060,000 ) Total operating lease obligations 7,520,000 Less: current portion, operating lease obligations ( 785,000 ) Operating lease obligations, net of current portion $ 6,735,000 NOTE 15. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Common Stock In July 2023, the Company closed a public offering of shares of its common stock at an offering price of $ 17.75 per share (the “Offering”). The Company sold 3,887,324 shares of its common stock in the Offering, resulting in the Company receiving aggregate net proceeds of $ 64,520,000 , after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses of $ 4,480,000 . In July 2023, the Company settled 1,567,913 outstanding PSUs as a result of the achievement of the total stockholder returns (“TSR”) targets set forth in equity incentive awards (the “PSU Agreements”) previously issued to members of the Company’s management team in 2021 (the “2021 Awards”). The 2021 Awards were separated into four tranches and required that the Company achieve and maintain certain levels of TSR ranging from 50 % to 175 % per share during the five-year period following the grant date. TSR was based on the aggregate of: (i) the percent increase of the closing price of the Company’s common stock from July 22, 2021; and (ii) any dividends or like stockholder distributions as specified in the PSU Agreements. In connection with the settlement of the 2021 Awards, an aggregate of 616,984 shares of the Company’s common stock was withheld by Harrow for payroll tax obligations totaling $ 11,273,000 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued 131,760 shares of its common stock underlying RSUs held by a director that ceased providing services to the Company. The RSUs had previously vested, including 13,123 RSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, but the issuance and delivery of the shares were deferred until the director ceased providing services to the Company. 24 During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued 61,934 shares of common stock and received proceeds of $ 355,000 upon the exercise of options to purchase 61,934 shares of common stock with exercise prices ranging from $ 1.70 to $ 8.50 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued 62,367 shares of common stock to Mark L. Baum, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, upon the cashless exercise of options to purchase 180,000 shares at an exercise price of $ 8.99 per share. The Company withheld from Mr. Baum 77,167 shares as consideration for the cashless exercise and an additional 40,466 shares for payroll tax obligations totaling $ 849,000 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued 55,558 shares of common stock to Andrew R. Boll, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, upon the cashless exercise of options to purchase 90,000 shares at an exercise price of $ 6.00 per share. The Company withheld from Mr. Boll 25,521 shares as consideration for the cashless exercise and an additional 8,921 shares for payroll tax obligations totaling $ 189,000 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, upon vesting of 23,000 RSUs granted in January 2020 to Andrew R. Boll, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, the Company issued 13,398 shares of common stock to Mr. Boll, net of 9,602 shares of common stock withheld for payroll tax withholdings totaling $ 142,000 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, upon vesting of 88,000 RSUs granted in January 2020 to Mark L. Baum, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, the Company issued 52,821 shares of common stock to Mr. Baum, net of 35,179 shares of common stock withheld for payroll tax withholdings totaling $ 519,000 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 43,130 shares of the Company’s common stock underlying RSUs issued to directors vested, but the issuance and delivery of these shares were deferred until the applicable director ceased providing services to the Company. Stock Option Plan On September 17, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the Company’s 2007 Incentive Stock and Awards Plan, which was subsequently amended on November 5, 2008, February 26, 2012, July 18, 2012, May 2, 2013 and September 27, 2013 (as amended, the “2007 Plan”). The 2007 Plan reached its term in September 2017, and we can no longer issue additional awards under this plan; however, options previously issued under the 2007 Plan will remain outstanding until they are exercised, reach their maturity or are otherwise cancelled/forfeited. On September 13, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the Company’s 2017 Incentive Stock and Awards Plan which was subsequently amended on September 3, 2021 (as amended, the “2017 Plan” and together with the 2007 Plan, the “Plans”). As of September 30, 2023, the 2017 Plan provided for the issuance of a maximum of 6,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The purposes of the Plans are to attract and retain directors, officers, consultants, advisors and employees whose services are considered valuable, to encourage a sense of proprietorship and to stimulate an active interest of such persons in the Company’s development and financial success. Under the Plans, the Company is authorized to issue incentive stock options intended to qualify under Section 422 of the IRC of 1986, as amended, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units, performance stock units and restricted stock. The Plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company had 490,493 shares available for future issuances under the 2017 Plan at September 30, 2023 . Stock Options A summary of stock option activity under the Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows: SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION PLAN ACTIVITY Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life Aggregate Intrinsic Value Options outstanding – January 1, 2023 3,027,701 $ 5.90 Options granted 95,500 $ 19.54 Options exercised ( 331,934 ) $ 7.55 Options cancelled/forfeited ( 76,175 ) $ 6.85 Options outstanding – September 30, 2023 2,715,092 $ 6.15 4.18 $ 32,347,000 Options exercisable 2,436,946 $ 5.51 3.65 $ 30,441,000 Options vested and expected to vest 2,676,550 $ 6.06 4.11 $ 32,114,000 25 The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax amount of the proceeds, net of exercise price, which would have been received by option holders if all option holders had exercised and immediately sold all shares underlying options with an exercise price lower than the market price on September 30, 2023, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $ 14.37 on that date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted stock options to certain employees. The stock options were granted with an exercise price equal to the current market price of the Company’s common stock, as reported by the securities exchange on which the common stock was then listed, at the grant date and have contractual terms of ten years. Vesting terms for options granted to employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included the following vesting schedule: 25% of the shares subject to the option vest and become exercisable on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 75% of the shares subject to the option vest and become exercisable quarterly in equal installments thereafter over three years. Certain option awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the Plans) and in the event of certain modifications to the option award agreement. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The expected term of options granted to employees and directors was determined in accordance with the “simplified approach,” as the Company has limited, relevant, historical data on employee exercises and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The expected risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a period consistent with the expected term of the option in effect at the time of the grant. The financial statement effect of forfeitures is estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, if the actual effect differs from those estimates. For option grants to employees and directors, the Company assigns a forfeiture factor of 10 %. These factors could change in the future, which would affect the determination of stock-based compensation expense in future periods. Utilizing these assumptions, the fair value is determined at the date of grant. The table below illustrates the fair value per share determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following assumptions used for valuing options granted to employees: SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE ASSUMPTIONS 2023 2022 Weighted-average fair value of options granted $ 11.89 $ 4.49 Expected terms (in years) 5.50 - 6.11 6.11 Expected volatility 68 - 70 % 68 - 70 % Risk-free interest rate 3.59 - 4.14 % 1.54 - 3.19 % Dividend yield - - The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2023: SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number Outstanding Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years Weighted Average Exercise Price Number Exercisable Weighted Average Exercise Price $ 1.47 - $ 1.73 295,852 4.20 $ 1.72 295,852 $ 1.72 $ 2.23 285,000 3.34 $ 2.23 285,000 $ 2.23 $ 2.40 - $ 2.60 24,068 3.27 $ 2.58 24,068 $ 2.58 $ 3.95 310,000 2.50 $ 3.95 310,000 $ 3.95 $ 4.08 - $ 5.72 123,225 4.67 $ 5.28 115,475 $ 5.25 $ 6.30 285,000 5.39 $ 6.30 285,000 $ 6.30 $ 6.75 - $ 7.26 105,062 8.32 $ 6.96 33,720 $ 6.96 $ 7.30 274,500 6.26 $ 7.30 274,500 $ 7.30 $ 7.37 - $ 7.79 238,712 4.43 $ 7.53 170,155 $ 7.50 $ 7.87 - $ 25.86 773,673 3.28 $ 9.43 643,176 $ 7.89 $ 1.47 - $ 25.86 2,715,092 4.18 $ 6.15 2,436,946 $ 5.51 As of September 30, 2023, there was approximately $ 1,781,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted under the Plans. That expense is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.82 years. The stock-based compensation for all stock options was $ 154,000 and $ 617,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $ 241,000 and $ 771,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $ 4,399,000 . 26 Restricted Stock Units RSU awards are granted subject to certain vesting requirements and other restrictions, including time-based performance and market-based vesting criteria. The grant date fair value of the RSUs, which has been determined based upon the market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date, is expensed over the vesting period of the RSUs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company’s board of directors were granted an aggregate 41,301 time-based vesting RSUs with a fair market value of $ 800,000 , which vest in equal quarterly installments over one year. A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows: SCHEDULE OF RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS ACTIVITY Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value RSUs unvested - January 1, 2023 493,806 $ 7.99 RSUs granted 54,424 $ 16.54 RSUs vested ( 167,253 ) $ 8.13 RSUs cancelled/forfeited ( 75,000 ) $ 5.83 RSUs unvested - September 30, 2023 305,977 $ 9.96 As of September 30, 2023, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was approximately $ 1,041,000 , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.40 years, based on estimated and actual vesting schedules of the applicable RSUs. The stock-based compensation for RSUs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $ 374,000 and $ 789,000 , respectively, and $ 427,000 and $ 1,378,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. Performance Stock Units In April 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of 1,567,913 PSUs to members of its senior management including Mark Baum, Chief Executive Officer, Andrew Boll, Chief Financial Officer, and John Saharek, Chief Commercial Officer, which are subject to the satisfaction of certain market-based and continued service conditions (the “2023 PSUs”). The vesting of the 2023 PSUs require (i) a minimum of a two-year service period, and (ii) during a five-year term, the achievement and maintenance of Company common stock price targets ranging between $ 25.00 to $ 50.00 per share, separated into four separate tranches as described further in the table below. SCHEDULE OF PERFORMANCE STOCK UNITS Tranche Number of Shares Target Share Price* Tranche 1 223,988 $ 25.00 Tranche 2 335,981 $ 35.00 Tranche 3 447,975 $ 45.00 Tranche 4 559,969 $ 50.00 * Target Share Price assumes that no dividends or like distributions are made to stockholders of the Company. If such distributions are made, the Target Share Price would decrease accordingly, to the benefit of the employee, to account for the dividend/distribution as a part of the Target Share Price. 27 The aggregate fair value of the 2023 PSUs was $ 29,106,000 using a Monte Carlo Simulation with a five-year life, 65 % volatility and a risk free interest rate of 10.34 %. This amount is being amortized over a two-year derived service period. A summary of the Company’s PSU activity and related information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows: SCHEDULE OF PERFORMANCE STOCK UNITS ACTIVITY Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value PSUs unvested – January 1, 2023 1,567,913 $ 6.45 PSUs granted 1,567,913 $ 18.56 PSUs vested ( 1,567,913 ) $ 6.45 PSUs cancelled/forfeited - $ - PSUs unvested – September 30, 2023 1,567,913 $ 18.56 As of September 30, 2023, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested PSUs was approximately $ 21,829,000 , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.51 years, based on estimated and actual vesting schedules of the applicable PSUs. The stock-based compensation for PSUs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $ 3,948,000 and $ 10,115,000 , respectively, and $ 1,264,000 and $ 3,792,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation Summary The Company recorded stock-based compensation related to equity instruments granted to employees, directors and consultants as follows: SCHEDULE OF STOCK BASED COMPENSATION GRANTED TO EMPLOYEES DIRECTORS CONSULTANTS 2023 2022 2023 2022 For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Employees – selling, general and administrative $ 3,784,000 $ 1,611,000 $ 9,719,000 $ 4,942,000 Employees – research and development 475,000 163,000 1,224,000 525,000 Directors – selling, general and administrative 200,000 125,000 528,000 337,000 Consultants – selling, general and administrative 17,000 33,000 50,000 137,000 Total $ 4,476,000 $ 1,932,000 $ 11,521,000 $ 5,941,000 NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Legal General and Other In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings, government investigations and other matters that are complex in nature and have outcomes that are difficult to predict. The Company describes legal proceedings and other matters that are/were significant or that it believes could become significant in this footnote. The Company records accruals for loss contingencies to the extent that it concludes it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the related loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates, on a quarterly basis, developments in legal proceedings and other matters that could cause an increase or decrease in the amount of a liability that has been accrued previously. The Company’s legal proceedings involve various aspects of its business and a variety of claims, some of which present novel factual allegations and/or unique legal theories. Typically, a number of the matters pending against the Company are at early stages of the legal process, which in complex proceedings of the sort the Company faces often extend for several years. While it is not possible to accurately predict or determine the eventual outcomes of matters that have not concluded, an adverse determination in one or more of the matters (whether discussed in this footnote or not) currently pending may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows. 28 Ocular Science, Inc. et. al In July 2021, ImprimisRx, LLC, a subsidiary of the Company, filed a lawsuit against Ocular Science, Inc. and OSRX, Inc. (together, “OSRX”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, asserting claims for copyright infringement, trademark infringement, unfair competition and false advertising (Lanham Act). ImprimisRx is seeking damages from OSRX. Since July 2021, the complaint has been amended and OSRX added counterclaims alleging ImprimisRx, LLC is violating the Lanham Act with false advertising. Both parties are seeking damages from the other. The Company expects the trial to take place in 2024. Product and Professional Liability Product and professional liability litigation represents an inherent risk to all firms in the pharmaceutical and pharmacy industry. We utilize traditional third-party insurance policies with regard to our product and professional liability claims. Such insurance coverage at any given time reflects current market conditions, including cost and availability, when the policy is written. Indemnities In addition to the indemnification provisions contained in the Company’s governing documents, the Company generally enters into separate indemnification agreements with each of the Company’s directors and officers. These agreements require the Company, among other things, to indemnify the director or officer against specified expenses and liabilities, such as attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlements, paid by the individual in connection with any action, suit or proceeding arising out of the individual’s status or service as the Company’s director or officer, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct or conduct that is knowingly fraudulent or deliberately dishonest, and to advance expenses incurred by the individual in connection with any proceeding against the individual with respect to which the individual may be entitled to indemnification by the Company. The Company indemnifies Oaktree for certain claims and losses associated with the Oaktree Loan. The Company also indemnifies its lessors in connection with its facility leases for certain claims arising from the use of the facilities. These indemnities do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments the Company could be obligated to make. Historically, the Company has not incurred any payments for these obligations and, therefore, no liabilities have been recorded for these indemnities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Klarity License Agreement – Related Party The Company entered into a license agreement in April 2017, as amended in April 2018 (the “Klarity License Agreement”), with Richard L. Lindstrom, M.D., a former member of its Board of Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Klarity License Agreement, the Company licensed certain intellectual property and related rights from Dr. Lindstrom to develop, formulate, make, sell, and sub-license the topical ophthalmic solution Klarity designed to protect and rehabilitate the ocular surface (the “Klarity Product”). Under the terms of the Klarity License Agreement, the Company is required to make royalty payments to Dr. Lindstrom ranging from 3% to 6% of net sales, dependent upon the final formulation of the Klarity Product sold. In addition, the Company is required to make certain milestone payments to Dr. Lindstrom including: (i) an initial payment of $ 50,000 upon execution of the Klarity License Agreement, (ii) a second payment of $ 50,000 following the first $ 50,000 in net sales of the Klarity Product; and (iii) a final payment of $ 50,000 following the first $ 100,000 in net sales of the Klarity Product. All of the above referenced milestone payments were payable at the Company’s election in cash or shares of the Company’s restricted common stock. Payments totaling $ 0 and $ 146,000 were made during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $ 77,000 and $ 199,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. Royalty expenses were $ 71,000 and $ 220,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $ 67,000 and $ 244,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively, and were included in accounts payable to Dr. Lindstrom. 29 Injectable Asset Purchase Agreement – Related Party In December 2019, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Lindstrom APA”) with Dr. Lindstrom, a former member of its Board of Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Lindstrom APA, the Company acquired certain intellectual property and related rights from Dr. Lindstrom to develop, formulate, make, sell, and sub-license an ophthalmic injectable product (the “Lindstrom Product”). Under the terms of the Lindstrom APA, the Company is required to make royalty payments to Dr. Lindstrom ranging from 2% to 3% of net sales, dependent upon the final formulation and patent protection of the Lindstrom Product sold . In addition, the Company is required to make certain milestone payments to Dr. Lindstrom including an initial payment of $ 33,000 that was due upon execution of the Lindstrom APA. Dr. Lindstrom was paid $ 0 and $ 17,000 in cash during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $ 8,000 and $ 23,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. The Company incurred $ 9,000 and $ 26,000 for royalty expenses related to the Lindstrom APA during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $ 9,000 and $ 24,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. Other Asset Purchase, License and Related Agreements The Company has acquired and sourced intellectual property rights related to certain proprietary innovations from certain inventors and related parties (the “Inventors”) through multiple asset purchase agreements, license agreements, strategic agreements and commission agreements. In general, these agreements provide that the Inventors will cooperate with the Company in obtaining patent protection for the acquired intellectual property and that the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to research, develop and commercialize a product based on the acquired intellectual property. In addition, the Company has acquired a right of first refusal on additional intellectual property and drug development opportunities presented by these Inventors. In consideration for the acquisition of the intellectual property rights, the Company is obligated to make payments to the Inventors based on the completion of certain milestones, generally consisting of: (1) a payment payable within 30 days after the issuance of the first patent in the United States arising from the acquired intellectual property (if any); (2) a payment payable within 30 days after the Company files the first investigational new drug application (“IND”) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the first product arising from the acquired intellectual property (if any); (3) for certain of the Inventors, a payment payable within 30 days after the Company files the first new drug application with the FDA for the first product arising from the acquired intellectual property (if any); and (4) certain royalty payments based on the net receipts received by the Company in connection with the sale or licensing of any product based on the acquired intellectual property (if any), after deducting (among other things) the Company’s development costs associated with such product. If, following five years after the date of the applicable asset purchase agreement, the Company either (a) for certain of the Inventors, has not filed an IND or, for the remaining Inventors, has not initiated a study where data is derived, or (b) has failed to generate royalty payments to the Inventors for any product based on the acquired intellectual property, the Inventors may terminate the applicable asset purchase agreement and request that the Company re-assign the acquired technology to the Inventors. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $ 220,000 and $ 705,000 were incurred under these agreements as royalty expenses, respectively, and $ 185,000 and $ 695,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. Sintetica Agreement In July 2021, the Company entered into a License and Supply Agreement (the “Sintetica Agreement”) with Sintetica S.A. (“Sintetica”), pursuant to which Sintetica granted the Company the exclusive license and marketing rights to its patented ophthalmic drug candidate (“IHEEZO”) in the U.S. and Canada. Pursuant to the Sintetica Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Sintetica a per unit transfer price to supply IHEEZO, along with a per unit royalty for units sold. The Company is required to pay Sintetica up to $ 18,000,000 in one-time milestone payments including a $ 5,000,000 payment (the “Upfront Payment”) that was due within 30 days of signing the Sintetica Agreement and the balance of payments due upon achievement of certain regulatory and commercial milestones. Under the terms of the Sintetica Agreement, Sintetica was responsible for regulatory filings for IHEEZO in the U.S. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had paid all milestone amounts due under the Sintetica Agreement, and all commercial milestones were previously capitalized as an intangible asset. In August 2023, the Company amended the Sintetica Agreement to allow for early payment of previously accrued amounts for commercial related milestones associated with sales of IHEEZO in exchange for a $ 550,000 reduction in the milestone amounts due, and as a result of this amendment, the Company reduced the intangible asset value associated with IHEEZO by $ 550,000 and paid the remaining commercial milestone amount of $ 4,450,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Subject to certain limitations, the Sintetica Agreement has a ten-year term, and allows for a ten-year extension if certain sales thresholds are met. 30 Wakamoto Agreement In August 2021, the Company entered into a License Agreement and a Basic Sale and Purchase Agreement (together, the “Wakamoto Agreements”) with Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Wakamoto”), pursuant to which Wakamoto granted the Company the exclusive license and marketing rights to its ophthalmic drug candidate (“MAQ-100”) in the U.S. and Canada. Pursuant to the Wakamoto Agreements, Wakamoto will supply MAQ-100 to the Company, and the Company will pay Wakamoto a per unit transfer price to supply MAQ-100. In addition, the Company is required to pay Wakamoto various one-time milestone payments totaling up to $ 2,000,000 upon the achievement of certain regulatory milestones and up to $ 6,200,000 upon the achievement of certain commercial milestones. Under the terms of the Wakamoto Agreements, the Company will be responsible for regulatory filings and fees for MAQ-100 in the U.S. and Canada. Through September 30, 2023, no amounts have been paid or accrued under the Wakamoto Agreements. Subject to certain limitations, the term of the Wakamoto Agreements is for five years from the date of the FDA’s market approval of MAQ-100 and may be extended for a five-year period if certain unit sales thresholds are met. Eyepoint Commercial Alliance Agreement – Terminated In August 2020, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary ImprimisRx, LLC, entered into a Commercial Alliance Agreement (the “Dexycu Agreement”) with Eyepoint Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Eyepoint”), pursuant to which Eyepoint granted the Company the non-exclusive right to co-promote DEXYCU ® (dexamethasone intraocular suspension) 9% (“DEXYCU”) for the treatment of post-operative inflammation following ocular surgery in the United States. Pursuant to the Dexycu Agreement, Eyepoint pays the Company a fee calculated based on the quarterly sales of DEXYCU in excess of predefined volumes to specific customers of the Company in the U.S. Under the terms of the Dexycu Agreement, the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to promote and market DEXYCU in the U.S. Pursuant to a mutual termination agreement entered into on October 7, 2022, the Dexycu Agreement terminated on January 1, 2023. Following the preliminary Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System (HOPPS) rule proposed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) in July of 2022, which did not contain an extension of the pass-through payment period for DEXYCU beyond December 31, 2022, the Company entered into a Mutual Termination Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”) with Eyepoint on October 7, 2022, pursuant to which Eyepoint and the Company agreed (a) that the Company would continue to support the sale of DEXYCU through the fourth quarter of 2022, consistent with the Company’s level of effort during the January through September 2022 period, (b) to decrease the required minimum quarterly sales levels based on DEXYCU unit demand for the fourth quarter of 2022, and (c) to terminate the Dexycu Agreement, along with ancillary letter agreements, effective January 1, 2023. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $ 1,044,000 and $ 3,576,000 , respectively, in commission revenues related to the Dexycu Agreement. 31 Sales and Marketing Agreements The Company had entered various sales and marketing agreements with certain organizations to provide exclusive and non-exclusive sales and marketing representation services to Harrow in select geographies in the U.S. in connection with the Company’s ophthalmic pharmaceutical compounded formulations or related products. Under the terms of the sales and marketing agreements, the Company was generally required to make commission payments equal to 10% to 14% of net sales for products above and beyond the initial existing sales amounts. In addition, the Company was required to make periodic milestone payments to certain organizations in shares of the Company’s restricted common stock if net sales in the assigned territory reach certain future levels by the end of their terms. Commission expenses of $ 0 and $ 130,000 were incurred under these agreements for commission expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $ 1,041,000 and $ 3,188,000 during the same periods in 2022, respectively. NOTE 17. SEGMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS The Company operates its business on the basis of a single reportable segment, which is the business of discovery, development, and commercialization of innovative ophthalmic therapies. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker is the Chief Executive Officer, who evaluates the Company as a single operating segment. The Company has two products that each accounted for more than 10% of total revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company had two and three products that each accounted for more than 10% of total revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. These products collectively accounted for 32 % and 35 % of revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 34 % and 33 % during the same periods in 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accounts receivable from a single customer accounted for 48 % and 0 % of total accounts receivable, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues from a single customer accounted for 35 % and 23 % of total revenues, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, no customer exceeded 10% of total revenues. The Company receives its active pharmaceutical ingredients from three main suppliers. These suppliers collectively accounted for 96 % and 79 % of active pharmaceutical ingredient purchases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 52 % and 66 % during the same periods in 2022, respectively. NOTE 18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS The Company has performed an evaluation of events occurring subsequent to September 30, 2023 through the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on its evaluation, no events other than those described below need to be disclosed. In November 2023, the Company issued 125 shares of common stock and received proceeds of $ 1,000 upon the exercise of options to purchase 125 shares of common stock with exercise price of $ 6.75 per share. In October 2023, the Company transferred the NDAs and marketing authorizations for all of the Santen Products in the U.S. The Company expects Santen to transfer the Canadian marketing authorizations for VERKAZIA and CATIONORM PLUS by March 31, 2024. 32 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”). Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared and, unless otherwise stated, the information derived therefrom as presented in this discussion and analysis is presented, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The information contained in this Quarterly Report is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment in our common stock. We urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this Quarterly Report and in our other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and subsequent reports, which discuss our business in greater detail. As used in this discussion and analysis, unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms the “Company,” “Harrow,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Harrow, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, consisting of ImprimisRx, LLC, ImprimisRx NJ, LLC dba ImprimisRx, Imprimis NJOF, LLC, and Harrow Eye, LLC. In this discussion and analysis, we refer to our consolidated subsidiaries ImprimisRx, LLC, ImprimisRx NJ, LLC and Imprimis NJOF, LLC collectively as “ImprimisRx.” In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. All statements made in this Quarterly Report other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and reflect only our current views, expectations and assumptions with respect to future events and our future performance. If risks or uncertainties materialize or assumptions prove incorrect, actual results or events could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Risks that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements we make include, among others, risks related to: liquidity or results of operations; our ability to successfully implement our business plan, develop and commercialize our products, product candidates and proprietary formulations in a timely manner or at all, identify and acquire additional products, manage our pharmacy operations, service our debt, obtain financing necessary to operate our business, recruit and retain qualified personnel, manage any growth we may experience and successfully realize the benefits of our previous acquisitions and any other acquisitions and collaborative arrangements we may pursue; competition from pharmaceutical companies, outsourcing facilities and pharmacies; general economic and business conditions, including inflation and supply chain challenges; regulatory and legal risks and uncertainties related to our pharmacy operations and the pharmacy and pharmaceutical business in general; physician interest in and market acceptance of our current and any future formulations and compounding pharmacies generally; and the other risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report and in our other filings with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or publicly update any forward-looking statement for any reason. Overview We are a leading eyecare pharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery, development, and commercialization of innovative ophthalmic pharmaceutical products for the U.S. market. Harrow helps U.S. eyecare professionals preserve the gift of sight by making its comprehensive portfolio of prescription and non-prescription pharmaceutical products accessible and affordable to millions of Americans each year. We own commercial rights to one of the largest portfolios of branded ophthalmic pharmaceutical products in the U.S. that are marketed under our Harrow name. We also own and operate ImprimisRx, one of the nation’s leading ophthalmology-focused pharmaceutical-compounding businesses. In addition, we have non-controlling equity interests in Surface Ophthalmics, Inc. (“Surface”) and Melt Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Melt”), both companies that began as subsidiaries of Harrow and were subsequently carved-out of our corporate structure and deconsolidated from our financial statements. We also own royalty rights in certain drug candidates being developed by Surface and Melt. 33 Factors Affecting Our Performance We believe the primary factors affecting our performance are our ability to increase revenues of our branded pharmaceutical products, proprietary compounded formulations and certain non-proprietary products, grow and gain operating efficiencies in our operations, potential regulatory-related restrictions, optimize pricing and obtain reimbursement options for our drug products, and continue to pursue development and commercialization opportunities for certain of our ophthalmology and other assets that we have not yet made commercially available. We believe we have built a tangible and intangible infrastructure that will allow us to scale revenues efficiently in the near and long-term. All of these activities will require significant costs and other resources, which we may not have or be able to obtain from operations or other sources. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below. Recent Developments The following describes certain developments in 2023 to date that are important to understand our financial condition and results of operations. See the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report for additional information about each of these developments. IHEEZO Reimbursement, Launch and Studies In February 2023, we announced that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) had issued a permanent, product specific J-code for IHEEZO (J2403) which became effective under the Healthcare Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) on April 1, 2023, which physicians can use for reimbursement purposes of that product. New drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) that are used in surgeries performed in hospital outpatient departments or ambulatory surgical centers may receive a transitional pass-through reimbursement under Medicare, provided they meet certain criteria, including a “not insignificant” cost criterion. Pass-through status allows for separate payment (i.e., outside the packaged payment rate for the surgical procedure) under Medicare Part B, which consists of Medicare reimbursement for a drug based on a defined formula for calculating the minimum fee that a manufacturer may charge for the drug. Under current regulations of CMS, pass-through status applies for a period of three years; which is measured from the date Medicare makes its first pass-through payment for the product. Following the three-year period, the product would be incorporated into the cataract bundled payment system, which could significantly reduce the pricing for that product. Temporary pass-through reimbursement for IHEEZO was awarded by CMS and made effective in April 2023. We are also working to ensure our continued access to the Medicare market for the ambulatory surgery center (ASC), hospital and outpatient department (HOPD), and in-office use market for IHEEZO. In this regard, we are designing and intend to execute, during 2024, clinical studies to build data sets that could be presented to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to extend our temporary pass-through period for IHEEZO in ASCs and HOPDs. We are also meeting with CMS to clarify policy on anesthesia billing policy which has historically not allowed for the separate billing of anesthesia services in the physician’s office. We intend to request that CMS clarify that J-Code 2403, IHEEZO’s permanent J-Code, is appropriate to be billed for the anesthesia product itself (i.e., IHEEZO in our case) in the physician’s office setting. At the beginning of April 2023, we initiated a regional and targeted launch of IHEEZO (chloroprocaine HCL ophthalmic gel) 3%. In early May 2023, our full commercial launch of IHEEZO occurred, with the product being highlighted by our commercial team at the ASCRS (American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery) Annual Meeting. Recently we sponsored an in-vivo (in human) study to compare the effects of IHEEZO with povidone-iodine (PVI) compared to a low-viscosity tetracaine ophthalmic solution with PVI. The primary intent of the study is to show that IHEEZO does not act as a “barrier” to PVI, which had otherwise been shown with other ocular anesthetic gels. Findings from the study are positive showing that IHEEZO demonstrated a similar barrier risk to tetracaine (e.g., a non-gel anesthetic). 34 Acquisition of ILEVRO, NEVANAC, VIGAMOX, MAXIDEX and TRIESENCE In December 2022, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Novartis Technology, LLC and Novartis Innovative Therapies AG (together, “Novartis”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase from Novartis the exclusive commercial rights to assets associated with the following ophthalmic products (collectively the “Fab 5 Products”) in the U.S. (the “Fab 5 Acquisition”): ● ILEVRO (nepafenac ophthalmic suspension) 0.3%, a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory eye drop indicated for pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. ● NEVANAC (nepafenac ophthalmic suspension) 0.1%, a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory eye drop indicated for pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. ● VIGAMOX (moxifloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution) 0.5%, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic eye drop for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible strains of organisms. ● MAXIDEX (dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) 0.1%, a steroid eye drop for steroid-responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe. ● TRIESENCE (triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension) 40 mg/ml, a steroid injection for the treatment of certain ophthalmic diseases and for visualization during vitrectomy. We closed the Fab 5 Acquisition on January 20, 2023. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we made a one-time payment of $130,000,000 at closing, with up to another $45,000,000 due in a milestone payment related to the timing of the commercial availability of TRIESCENCE. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and various ancillary agreements, immediately following the closing and subject to certain conditions, for a period that lasted approximately nine months, and prior to the transfer of the Fab 5 Products new drug applications (the “NDAs”) to us, Novartis continued to sell the Products on our behalf and transferred the net profit from the sale of the Products to us. Novartis has agreed to supply certain Products to the Company for a period of time after the NDAs are transferred to us and to assist with technology transfer of the Products manufacturing to other third-party manufacturers, if needed. On April 28, 2023, we transferred the NDAs for ILEVRO, NEVANAC and MAXIDEX. In July 2023, we transferred the NDA for VIGAMOX, and the NDA for TRIESENCE is expected to transfer upon around the timing of its commercial availability. Oaktree Credit and Guaranty Agreement On March 27, 2023, we entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty (the “Oaktree Loan”) with Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders (together, “Oaktree”), providing for a loan to us with a principal amount of up to $100,000,000. Upon entering into the Oaktree Loan, we drew a principal amount of $65,000,000 from the Oaktree Loan and used the net proceeds to repay all amounts owed by us pursuant to the BR Loan (as defined below). No remaining amounts are due under the BR Loan, and no exit or prepayment fees were paid as a result of the payoff of the BR Loan. The additional principal loan amount of up to $35,000,000 available under the Oaktree Loan (the “Tranche B”) will be made available to the Company upon the commercialization of TRIESENCE. On July 18, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement and Guaranty and Consent (the “Oaktree Amendment”) to the Oaktree Loan. Under the Oaktree Amendment, the overall credit facility size was increased from $100,000,000 to $112,500,000, and we made other changes related to the Santen Products Acquisition. Upon satisfaction of certain conditions to funding, we drew down a principal amount of $12,500,000 (the “Loan Increase”) on August 1, 2023 to fund the initial one-time payment associated with the Santen Products Acquisition and for other working capital and general corporate purposes. No other material changes to the Oaktree Loan were provided in the Oaktree Amendment. Following entry into the Oaktree Amendment and the funding of the Loan Increase upon closing of the Santen Products Acquisition, we have drawn down a total principal loan amount of $77,500,000 under the Oaktree Loan and an additional Tranche B loan amount of up to $35,000,000 remains available to us upon the commercialization of TRIESENCE, provided, that if Tranche B is not drawn by the Company on or before March 27, 2024, the amount available under Tranche B will decrease to $30,000,000. The Oaktree Loan is secured by nearly all of the assets, including intellectual property, of the Company and its material subsidiaries. The Oaktree Loan has a maturity date of January 19, 2026 and carries an interest rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 6.5% per annum. The Oaktree Loan requires interest-only payments through its term (there is no amortization of the principal amount or excess cash flow sweeps during the term of the Oaktree Loan). 35 HROWM – Senior Notes Offering In December 2022, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with B. Riley Securities, Inc., as representative of the several underwriters named therein, pursuant to which we agreed to sell $35,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 11.875% Senior Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”) plus up to an additional $5,250,000 aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes pursuant to the option to purchase additional 2027 Notes. In January 2023, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase the additional $5,250,000 aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes. Acquisition of VEVYE TM U.S. and Canadian Commercial Rights In July 2023, we acquired commercial rights of VEVYE (cyclosporine ophthalmic solution) 0.1%, an ophthalmic drug product, for the U.S. and Canadian markets (the “VEVYE Acquisition”). VEVYE, which is dispensed topically in a unique ten microliter per one drop and is labeled for twice-daily (BID) dosing, is the first and only cyclosporine-based product indicated for the treatment of both signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). VEVYE was approved on May 30, 2023 by the FDA. We acquired the commercial rights to VEVYE by entering into a license agreement with Novaliq GmbH (“Novaliq”). As consideration, we made initial payments to Novaliq totaling $8,000,000 and will pay low double-digit royalties on net sales of VEVYE along with potential commercial milestone payments. Acquisition of Certain U.S. and Canadian Commercial Rights to Santen and Eyevance Products In July 2023, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Eyevance Pharmaceuticals, LLC and a License Agreement with Santen S.A.S. (collectively, the “Santen Agreements”), each a subsidiary of Santen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (collectively, “Santen”). Pursuant to the Santen Agreements, we acquired the exclusive commercial rights to assets associated with the following ophthalmic products (collectively, the “Santen Products”): In the U.S.: ● FLAREX® (fluorometholone acetate ophthalmic suspension) 0.1%, a corticosteroid prepared as a sterile topical ophthalmic suspension indicated for use in the treatment of steroid-responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the eye. ● NATACYN® (natamycin ophthalmic suspension) 5%, a sterile, antifungal drug for the treatment of fungal blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis caused by susceptible organisms, including Fusarium solani keratitis. ● TOBRADEX® ST (tobramycin and dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) 0.3%/0.05%, a topical antibiotic and corticosteroid combination for steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where superficial bacterial ocular infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. ● ZERVIATE® (cetirizine ophthalmic solution) 0.24%, a histamine-1 (H1) receptor antagonist indicated for treatment of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. ● FRESHKOTE®, a preservative-free formulation for temporary relief of symptoms of dry eye. In the U.S. and Canada: ● VERKAZIA® (cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion) 0.1%, an orphan designated drug that is a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant indicated for the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. In Canada: ● CATIONORM® PLUS, a preservative-free formulation for dry eye or allergy relief. The transactions pursuant to the Santen Agreements are referred to in this Quarterly Report as the “Santen Products Acquisition.” 36 Under the terms of the Santen Agreements, we made an initial one-time payment of $8,000,000. In addition, the Santen Agreements provide for various one-time milestone payments associated with certain manufacturing-related events as well as low-double digit royalty payments on net sales of VERKAZIA and high-single digit royalty payments on net sales of CATIONORM PLUS. Under the Santen Agreements, we also assumed certain obligations associated with other third parties that require royalties on sales of FRESHKOTE and ZERVIATE. Immediately following the closing and subject to certain conditions, prior to the transfer of the Santen Product NDAs and other marketing authorizations to us, Santen continued to sell the Santen Products on our behalf and transfer the net profit from the sale of the Santen Products to us. In October 2023, we completed the transfer of the U.S. NDAs and rights of the Santen Products, and expect Santen to transfer the Canadian marketing authorizations of VERKAZIA and CATIONORM PLUS by March 31, 2024. Common Stock Offering In July 2023, we closed a public offering of shares of our common stock at an offering price of $17.75 per share (the “Offering”). We sold 3,887,324 shares of our common stock in the Offering, resulting in us receiving aggregate net proceeds of $64,520,000, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses of $4,480,000. B. Riley Loan and Security Agreement – Paid On December 14, 2022, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “BR Loan”) with B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders from time to time party thereto. The proceeds of the Loan were used to finance the Fab 5 Acquisition. The BR Loan provided for a loan facility of up to $100,000,000 to the Company with a maturity date of December 14, 2025, at an interest rate of 10.875% per annum. The BR Loan was secured by an intellectual property security agreement and by all assets of the Company and its material subsidiaries. In January 2023, the Company drew $59,750,000 of the BR Loan simultaneously with the consummation of the Fab 5 Acquisition, and subsequently paid back the BR Loan in March 2023 at the time of closing the Oaktree Loan. No remaining amounts are due under the BR Loan, and no exit or prepayment fees were paid as a result of the payoff of the BR Loan . Results of Operations The following period-to-period comparisons of our financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. Revenues Our revenues include amounts recorded from sales of proprietary compounded formulations, sales of branded products to wholesalers through a third-party logistics facility, commissions from third parties and revenues received from royalty payments owed to us pursuant to out-license arrangements. The following presents our revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022: For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, $ September 30, $ 2023 2022 Variance 2023 2022 Variance Product sales, net $ 31,809,000 $ 21,575,000 $ 10,234,000 $ 81,804,000 $ 63,433,000 $ 18,371,000 Commission revenues - 1,044,000 (1,044,000 ) - 3,576,000 (3,576,000 ) Transfer of profits/sales 2,456,000 204,000 2,252,000 12,034,000 1,257,000 10,777,000 Total revenues $ 34,265,000 $ 22,823,000 $ 11,442,000 $ 93,838,000 $ 68,266,000 $ 25,572,000 The increase in revenues between periods was related to an increase in sales of our branded ophthalmology products, as well as an increase in the transfer of acquired products sales and profits related to the Fab 5 Acquisition and Santen Products Acquisition. This increase in 2023 was offset slightly by a decrease in commissions attributable to sales of DEXYCU® (which agreement terminated January 1, 2023) and a decrease in sales from our non-ophthalmology compounded products as a result of our sale of those assets in the fourth quarter of 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues, including transfer of acquired product sales and profits, from branded products totaled $14,496,000 and $33,863,000, respectively, as compared to $654,000 and $1,896,000 during the same periods in the prior year, respectively. 37 Cost of Sales Our cost of sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture formulations and sell products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, personnel costs, packaging, storage, royalties, shipping and handling costs, manufacturing equipment and tenant improvements depreciation, the write-off of obsolete inventory, amortization of acquired product NDAs, and other related expenses. The following presents our cost of sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022: For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2023 2022 Variance 2023 2022 Variance Cost of sales $ 10,067,000 $ 6,721,000 $ 3,346,000 $ 28,338,000 $ 19,218,000 $ 9,120,000 The increase in our cost of sales was largely attributable to the amortization of acquired product NDAs and product licenses which totaled $2,480,000 and $7,174,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $341,000 and $1,023,000 during the prior year periods, respectively, offset by lesser increases in expenses associated with unit volumes sold and increased direct and indirect costs associated with production of our products. Gross Profit and Margin For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2023 2022 Variance 2023 2022 Variance Gross profit $ 24,198,000 $ 16,102,000 $ 8,096,000 $ 65,500,000 $ 49,048,000 $ 16,452,000 Gross margin 70.62 % 70.55 % 0.07 % 69.80 % 71.85 % (2.05 )% The decrease in gross margin between the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was primarily attributable to amortization of acquired NDAs from the Fab 5 Acquisition, beginning in January 2023. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Our selling, general and administrative expenses include personnel costs, including wages and stock-based compensation, corporate facility expenses, and investor relations, consulting, insurance, filing, legal and accounting fees and expenses as well as costs associated with our marketing activities and sales of our proprietary compounded formulations and other non-proprietary pharmacy products and formulations. The following presents our selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022: For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, $ September 30, $ 2023 2022 Variance 2023 2022 Variance Selling, general and administrative $ 21,033,000 $ 15,421,000 $ 5,612,000 $ 56,878,000 $ 43,004,000 $ 13,874,000 The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses between periods was primarily attributable to an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $4,476,000 and $11,521,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, including new expenses associated with performance stock units granted in April 2023. Other areas of increased expenses included regulatory enhancements, costs to support the transition of recent product acquisitions, and an increase in expenses related to the addition of new employees in sales, marketing and other departments to support current and expected growth, including the commercial launch of IHEEZO in April 2023. 38 Research and Development Expenses Our research and development (“R&D”) expenses primarily include personnel costs, including wages and stock-based compensation, expenses related to the development of intellectual property, investigator-initiated research and evaluations, formulation development, acquired in-process R&D and other costs related to the clinical development of our assets. The following presents our research and development expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022: For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, $ September 30, $ 2023 2022 Variance 2023 2022 Variance Research and development $ 1,421,000 $ 775,000 $ 646,000 $ 3,316,000 $ 2,347,000 $ 969,000 The increase in R&D expenses between periods was primarily attributable to increased activity related to product acquisitions, product launches, clinical and medical support. Interest Expense, Net Interest expense, net was $5,749,000 and $16,200,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $1,800,000 and $5,386,000 for the same periods in 2022, respectively. The increase during the periods ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022 was primarily due to an increase in the outstanding principal amount of our debt obligations and amortization of debt issuance costs. Equity in Losses of Unconsolidated Entities During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a loss of $0, related to our share of losses in Melt, compared to $3,504,000 and $9,036,000 for the same periods in 2022, respectively, as the Company reduced the carrying value of its investment in Melt to $0 at the end of 2022. Investment Gain (Loss) from Eton During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a gain of $1,348,000 and $2,676,000, respectively, related to the change in fair market value of Eton’s common stock compared to losses of $(1,031,000) and $(4,341,000) for the same periods in 2022, respectively. Loss on Extinguishment of Debt During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $5,465,000, related to the payoff of the BR Loan. Other Expense, Net During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded other expense, net of $195,000 and $344,000, respectively, related primarily to transition services and write-off of inventories associated with the divestment of our non-ophthalmology business. Tax Expense During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded income tax expense of $1,539,000 and $1,236,000, respectively, and $35,000 and $75,000, during the same periods in 2022, respectively. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity Our cash and cash equivalents on hand at September 30, 2023 was $65,610,000, compared to $96,270,000 at December 31, 2022. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we believe that cash and cash equivalents of $65,610,000 at September 30, 2023 will be sufficient to sustain our planned level of operations and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. In addition, we may consider the sale of certain assets including, but not limited to, part of, or all of, our investments in Eton, Surface, and Melt. However, we may pursue acquisitions of revenue generating products, or drug candidates or other strategic transactions that involve large expenditures or we may experience growth more rapidly or on a larger scale than we expect, any of which could result in the depletion of capital resources more rapidly than anticipated and could require us to seek additional financing to support our operations. 39 We expect to use our current cash position and funds generated from our operations and any financing to pursue our business plan, which includes developing and commercializing drug candidates, compounded formulations and technologies, integrating and developing our operations, pursuing potential future strategic transactions as opportunities arise, including potential acquisitions of additional drug products, drug candidates, and/or assets or technologies, pharmacies, outsourcing facilities, drug company and manufacturers, and otherwise fund our operations. We may also use our resources to conduct clinical trials or other studies in support of our formulations or any drug candidate for which we pursue FDA approval, to pursue additional development programs or to explore other development opportunities. Net Cash Flow The following provides detailed information about our net cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022: For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities $ (4,856,000 ) $ 5,417,000 Net cash used in investing activities (152,350,000 ) (1,738,000 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 126,546,000 (887,000 ) Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (30,660,000 ) 2,792,000 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period 96,270,000 42,167,000 Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period $ 65,610,000 $ 44,959,000 Operating Activities Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $(4,856,000) compared to cash provided by operating activities of $5,417,000 during the same period in the prior year. The increase in net cash used in operating activities between the periods was mainly attributed to an increase of $12,287,000 in accounts receivable related to payment terms for our branded product sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an increase of $2,309,000 during the same period in 2022. The increase in net cash used in operating activities was also attributed to an increase in inventory levels, coupled with operating expenses associated with the commercial launch of IHEEZO, product acquisitions and integrations and increased costs of goods sold. Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $(152,350,000) compared to $(1,738,000) during the same period in the prior year. Cash used in investing activities in 2023 was primarily associated with the Fab 5 Acquisition, Santen Products Acquisition and VEVYE Acquisition. Cash used in investing activities in 2022 was primarily associated with equipment and software purchases. Financing Activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $126,546,000 and $(887,000), respectively. Cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily related to proceeds received from the sale of the 2027 Notes, the Oaktree Loan and Oaktree Amendment, and the Offering, offset by payment of payroll taxes upon vesting of PSUs in exchange for shares withheld from employees. Cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily related to payment of payroll taxes upon vesting of RSUs in exchange for shares withheld from the employee. Sources of Capital Our principal sources of cash consist of cash provided by operating activities, and in 2022 and 2023, proceeds from the sale of the 2027 Notes, the Offering and the Oaktree Loan and Oaktree Amendment. We may also sell some or all of our ownership interests in Surface, Melt or our other subsidiaries, along with some or all of the remaining portion of our Eton common stock. 40 We may acquire new products, product candidates and/or businesses and, as a result, we may need significant additional capital to support our business plan and fund our proposed business operations. We may receive additional proceeds from the exercise of stock purchase warrants that are currently outstanding. We may also seek additional financing from a variety of sources, including other equity or debt financings, funding from corporate partnerships or licensing arrangements, sales of assets or any other financing transaction. If we issue equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience substantial dilution, and the newly issued equity or debt securities may have more favorable terms or rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration or licensing arrangements or sales of assets, we may be required to relinquish potentially valuable rights to our product candidates or proprietary technologies or formulations, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If we raise funds by incurring additional debt, we may be required to pay significant interest expenses and our leverage relative to our earnings or to our equity capitalization may increase. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming they would be available, would increase our liabilities and future cash commitments and may impose restrictions on our activities, such as the financial and operating covenants. Further, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital and/or financing transactions, including investment banking fees, legal fees, accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses and other costs. We may also be required to recognize non-cash expenses in connection with certain securities we may issue, such as convertible notes and warrants, which would adversely impact our financial results. We may be unable to obtain financing when necessary as a result of, among other things, our performance, general economic conditions, conditions in the pharmaceuticals and pharmacy industries, or our operating history, including our past bankruptcy proceedings. In addition, the fact that we have a limited history of profitability could further impact the availability or cost to us of future financings. As a result, sufficient funds may not be available when needed from any source or, if available, such funds may not be available on terms that are acceptable to us. If we are unable to raise funds to satisfy our capital needs when needed, then we may need to forego pursuit of potentially valuable development or acquisition opportunities, we may not be able to continue to operate our business pursuant to our business plan, which would require us to modify our operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level by, among other things, delaying, scaling back or eliminating some or all of our ongoing or planned investments in corporate infrastructure, business development, sales and marketing and other activities, or we may be forced to discontinue our operations entirely. Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements See Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Not applicable. Item 4. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, our management conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as they existed on September 30, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to achieve their stated purpose as of September 30, 2023, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 41 PART II OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings See Note 16 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report for information on various legal proceedings, which is incorporated into this Item by reference. Item 1A. Risk Factors In addition to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report you should consider the risk factors and the other information in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, including our audited financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” If any such risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock would likely decline and you may lose all or part of your investments. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. Our sales depend on coverage and reimbursement from government and commercial third-party payers, and pricing and reimbursement pressures have affected, and are likely to continue to affect, our profitability. Sales of our branded products depend on the availability and extent of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payers, including government healthcare programs and private insurance plans. Governments and private payors continue to pursue initiatives to manage drug utilization and contain costs. Further, pressures on healthcare budgets from the pandemic, the economic downturn and inflation continue and are likely to increase across the markets we serve. Payors are increasingly focused on costs, which have resulted, and are expected to continue to result, in lower reimbursement rates for our branded products or narrower populations for which payors will reimburse. Continued intense public scrutiny of the price of drugs and other healthcare costs, together with payor dynamics, have limited, and are likely to continue to limit, our ability to set or adjust the price of our products based on their value, which can have a material adverse effect on our business. In the United States, particularly over the past few years, several legislative and regulatory proposals have been introduced and/or signed into law that attempt to lower drug prices. These include legislation promulgated by the IRA that enables the U.S. government to set prices for certain drugs in Medicare, redesigns Medicare Part D benefits to shift a greater portion of the costs to manufacturers, and enables the U.S. government to impose penalties if drug prices are increased at a rate faster than inflation in addition to rebates imposed on manufacturers associated with drug waste (which could potentially impact sales of TRIESENCE). Additional proposals focused on drug pricing continue to be debated, and additional executive orders focused on drug pricing and competition are likely to be adopted and implemented in some form. Government actions or ballot initiatives at the state level also represent a highly active area of policymaking and experimentation, including pursuing proposals that limit drug reimbursement under state-run Medicaid programs based on reference prices or permitting importation of drugs from Canada. Such state policies may also eventually be adopted at the federal level. Relatedly, despite IHEEZO being issued a J-Code for physician-office billing, CMS has an existing policy on anesthesia billing which has historically not allowed for the separate billing of anesthesia services in the physician’s office, which could be viewed in conflict with IHEEZO’s reimbursement status for in-office applications. Because our application for a J-Code for IHEEZO specifically disclosed the likely significant utilization of IHEEZO in the physician’s office setting of care, along with additional communications to this effect, we intend to request that CMS clarify that J-Code 2403, IHEEZO’s permanent J-Code is appropriate to be billed for the anesthesia itself (i.e., IHEEZO in our case) in the physician’s office setting. If CMS disagrees with our position, it is possible the separate reimbursement of IHEEZO would be limited to the surgical setting only (e.g., ASCs). We cannot predict which or how many policy, regulatory, administrative, or legislative changes may ultimately be or effectively estimate the consequences to our business if, enacted and implemented. However, to the extent that payer actions further decrease or modify the coverage or reimbursement available for our products require that we pay increased rebates or shift other costs to us, limit or affect our decisions regarding the pricing of or otherwise reduce the use of our products, such actions could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds None. 42 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Not applicable. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. Item 5. Other Information None. Item 6. Exhibits Exhibit Number Description 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 29, 2023). 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 29, 2023). 10.1 First Amendment to Credit Agreement and Guaranty and Consent, dated July 18, 2023, between the Company and Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 9, 2023). 10.2* Second Amendment to License and Supply Agreement, dated August 4, 2023, between Harrow IP, LLC and Sintetica S.A. 31.1* Certification of Mark L. Baum, principal executive officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2* Certification of Andrew R. Boll, principal financial and accounting officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1** Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by Mark L. Baum, principal executive officer, and Andrew R. Boll, principal financial and accounting officer. 101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. 101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104 The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, has been formatted in Inline XBRL. * Filed herewith. ** Furnished herewith. 43 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Harrow, Inc. Dated: November 13, 2023 By: /s/ Mark L. Baum Mark L. Baum Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) By: /s/ Andrew R. Boll Andrew R. Boll Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 44