FIRST CITIZENS BANCSHARES INC /DE/ 10-Q

Item 1. Financial Statements. First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) dollars in millions, except share data March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Assets Cash and due from banks $ 1,080 $ 801 Interest-earning deposits at banks 23,189 19,801 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 223 232 Investment in marketable equity securities (cost of $ 83 at March 31, 2026 and $ 83 at December 31, 2025) 130 127 Investment securities available for sale (cost of $ 33,663 at March 31, 2026 and $ 31,952 at December 31, 2025) 33,314 31,790 Investment securities held to maturity (fair value of $ 8,360 at March 31, 2026 and $ 8,491 at December 31, 2025) 9,542 9,647 Assets held for sale 1,122 804 Loans and leases 148,692 147,930 Allowance for loan and lease losses ( 1,558 ) ( 1,566 ) Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses 147,134 146,364 Operating lease equipment, net 9,685 9,621 Premises and equipment, net 2,499 2,447 Goodwill 346 346 Other intangible assets, net 182 195 Other assets 7,513 7,523 Total assets $ 235,959 $ 229,698 Liabilities Deposits: Noninterest-bearing $ 43,606 $ 40,653 Interest-bearing 127,236 120,925 Total deposits 170,842 161,578 Credit balances of factoring clients 1,284 1,148 Borrowings: Short-term borrowings 170 224 Long-term borrowings 33,792 35,784 Total borrowings 33,962 36,008 Other liabilities 7,823 8,726 Total liabilities 213,911 207,460 Stockholders’ equity Preferred stock - $ 0.01 par value ( 20,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025) 1,765 1,375 Common stock: Class A - $ 1 par value ( 32,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025; 10,684,129 and 11,133,974 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively) 11 11 Class B - $ 1 par value ( 2,000,000 shares authorized and 1,005,185 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025) 1 1 Retained earnings 20,343 20,768 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income ( 72 ) 83 Total stockholders’ equity 22,048 22,238 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 235,959 $ 229,698 See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. 4 First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, dollars in millions, except share and per share data 2026 2025 Interest income Loans and leases $ 2,206 $ 2,236 Investment securities 384 414 Deposits at banks 196 245 Total interest income 2,786 2,895 Interest expense Deposits 833 893 Borrowings 332 339 Total interest expense 1,165 1,232 Net interest income 1,621 1,663 Provision for credit losses 72 154 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 1,549 1,509 Noninterest income Rental income on operating lease equipment 281 270 Lending-related fees 69 66 Deposit fees and service charges 70 58 Client investment fees 53 53 Wealth management services 59 56 International fees 35 32 Factoring commissions 17 17 Cardholder services, net 38 41 Merchant services, net 13 14 Insurance commissions 13 14 Fair value adjustment on marketable equity securities, net 3 ( 5 ) Gain on sale of leasing equipment, net 11 5 Loss on extinguishment of debt ( 8 ) — Other noninterest income 38 14 Total noninterest income 692 635 Noninterest expense Depreciation on operating lease equipment 101 98 Maintenance and other operating lease expenses 65 58 Personnel cost 869 818 Net occupancy expense 60 58 Equipment expense 136 136 Professional fees 24 25 Third-party processing fees 93 63 FDIC insurance expense 38 38 Marketing expense 30 32 Acquisition-related expenses 5 42 Intangible asset amortization 13 15 Other noninterest expense 102 110 Total noninterest expense 1,536 1,493 Income before income taxes 705 651 Income tax expense 171 168 Net income $ 534 $ 483 Preferred stock dividends 26 15 Net income available to common stockholders $ 508 $ 468 Earnings per common share Basic and diluted $ 42.63 $ 34.47 Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic and diluted 11,924,899 13,575,231 See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. 5 First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, dollars in millions 2026 2025 Net income $ 534 $ 483 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax Net unrealized (loss) gain on securities available for sale ( 139 ) 239 Net change in defined benefit pension items ( 2 ) — Net unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedge derivatives ( 14 ) 7 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax $ ( 155 ) $ 246 Total comprehensive income $ 379 $ 729 See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. 6 First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) dollars in millions, except per share data Preferred Stock Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Additional Paid in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Stockholders' Equity Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 1,375 $ 11 $ 1 $ — $ 20,768 $ 83 $ 22,238 Net income — — — — 534 — 534 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — — ( 155 ) ( 155 ) Issuance of Series E preferred stock 390 — — — — — 390 Repurchased 449,845 shares of Class A common stock — — — — ( 908 ) — ( 908 ) Cash dividends declared ($ 2.10 per common share): Class A common stock — — — — ( 23 ) — ( 23 ) Class B common stock — — — — ( 2 ) — ( 2 ) Preferred stock dividends declared: Series A — — — — ( 5 ) — ( 5 ) Series B — — — — ( 7 ) — ( 7 ) Series C — — — — ( 3 ) — ( 3 ) Series D — — — — ( 11 ) — ( 11 ) Balance at March 31, 2026 $ 1,765 $ 11 $ 1 $ — $ 20,343 $ ( 72 ) $ 22,048 Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 881 $ 13 $ 1 $ 2,417 $ 19,361 $ ( 445 ) $ 22,228 Net income — — — — 483 — 483 Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — — 246 246 Common stock — — — — — — — Repurchased 302,683 shares of Class A common stock — ( 1 ) — ( 619 ) — — ( 620 ) Cash dividends declared ($ 1.95 per common share): Class A common stock — — — — ( 25 ) — ( 25 ) Class B common stock — — — — ( 2 ) — ( 2 ) Preferred stock dividends declared: Series A — — — — ( 5 ) — ( 5 ) Series B — — — — ( 7 ) — ( 7 ) Series C — — — — ( 3 ) — ( 3 ) Balance at March 31, 2025 $ 881 $ 12 $ 1 $ 1,798 $ 19,802 $ ( 199 ) $ 22,295 See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. 7 First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, dollars in millions 2026 2025 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income $ 534 $ 483 Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: Provision for credit losses 72 154 Deferred tax expense (benefit) 8 ( 40 ) Depreciation, amortization, and accretion, net 180 93 Fair value adjustment on marketable equity securities, net ( 3 ) 5 Gain on sale of loans, net ( 5 ) ( 2 ) Gain on sale of operating lease equipment, net ( 11 ) ( 5 ) Gain on sale of premises and equipment, net — ( 1 ) (Gain) loss on other real estate owned, net ( 1 ) 8 Loss on extinguishment of debt 8 — Origination of loans held for sale ( 289 ) ( 297 ) Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale 461 293 Impairment of premises and equipment and other assets — 4 Net change in other assets ( 103 ) 24 Net change in other liabilities ( 680 ) ( 610 ) Other operating activities 1 ( 11 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 172 98 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Net increase in interest-earning deposits at banks ( 3,388 ) ( 3,328 ) Purchases of investment securities available for sale ( 2,827 ) ( 1,855 ) Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available for sale 1,159 894 Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale — 1,196 Purchases of investment securities held to maturity ( 59 ) ( 217 ) Proceeds from maturities of investment securities held to maturity 170 139 Net decrease (increase) in securities purchased under agreements to resell 9 ( 187 ) Net increase in loans ( 1,407 ) ( 1,368 ) Proceeds from sales of loans 128 41 Net increase in credit balances of factoring clients 92 129 Purchases of operating lease equipment ( 194 ) ( 170 ) Proceeds from sales of operating lease equipment 55 63 Purchases of premises and equipment ( 141 ) ( 103 ) Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned 15 3 Other investing activities ( 149 ) ( 114 ) Net cash used in investing activities ( 6,537 ) ( 4,877 ) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Net increase (decrease) in time deposits 2,007 ( 1,257 ) Net increase in demand and other interest-bearing deposits 7,257 5,370 Net (decrease) increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase ( 54 ) 83 Repayment of long-term borrowings ( 2,503 ) ( 1 ) Net proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowings 497 1,242 Issuance of Series E preferred stock 390 — Repurchase of Class A common stock ( 899 ) ( 618 ) Cash dividends paid ( 51 ) ( 42 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 6,644 4,777 Change in cash and due from banks 279 ( 2 ) Cash and due from banks at beginning of period 801 814 Cash and due from banks at end of period $ 1,080 $ 812 8 Three Months Ended March 31, dollars in millions 2026 2025 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash paid during the period for: Interest $ 1,161 $ 1,224 Income taxes 51 40 Significant non-cash investing and financing activities: Transfers of loans to other real estate — 52 Transfer of assets from held for investment to held for sale 666 139 Transfer of assets from held for sale to held for investment 32 — Commitments extended during the period on affordable housing investment credits — 108 See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 9 First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) NOTE 1 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Nature of Operations First Citizens BancShares, Inc. (the “Parent Company” and, when including all of its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, “we,” “us,” “our,” “BancShares”) is a financial holding company organized under the laws of Delaware that conducts operations through its banking subsidiary, First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“FCB”), which is headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina. BancShares operates a network of branches and offices, predominantly located in the Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest and Western United States. BancShares provides various types of commercial and consumer banking services, including lending, leasing, and wealth management services. Deposit services include checking, savings, money market, and time deposit accounts. BASIS OF PRESENTATION Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation These consolidated financial statements and notes thereto are presented in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and, therefore, do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flow activity required in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations have been made. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “2025 Form 10-K”). Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The consolidated financial statements of BancShares include the accounts of BancShares and its subsidiaries, certain partnership interests, and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where BancShares is the primary beneficiary, if applicable. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. Assets held in agency or fiduciary capacity are not included in the consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 9—Variable Interest Entities for additional information regarding VIEs. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions impact the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ from those estimates. The significant estimate related to the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) is considered a critical accounting estimate. 10 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Significant accounting policies are described in the 2025 Form 10-K. There were no material changes to these policies during the three months ended March 31, 2026. Newly Adopted Accounting Standards As of January 1, 2026, BancShares adopted the following Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board: ASU 2025-08—Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased Loans, Issued November 2025 Under this ASU, purchased seasoned loans (“PSLs” as described below) must be recognized at the purchase price, plus the ALLL at the acquisition date (the “Gross-Up Approach”). Since the ALLL at the acquisition date is established through the Gross-Up Approach, there is no corresponding increase to the provision for loan and lease losses (“Day 2 Provision for Loan and Lease Losses”). Prior to this ASU, the Gross-Up Approach was only permitted for purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans, while the initial ALLL for Non-PCD loans was established through the Day 2 Provision for Loan and Lease Losses. Under this ASU, the Gross-Up Approach applies to PCD loans and the following Non-PCD loans which qualify as PSLs: (i) non-credit card loans acquired in a business combination and (ii) non-credit card loans purchased more than 90 days after origination in a non-business combination transaction, provided the acquirer was not involved in the original lending. This ASU specifically excludes credit card loans from the definition of PSLs. This ASU is required to be applied prospectively upon adoption. We early adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2026 (the “Adoption Date”) on a prospective basis. For PSLs acquired on or after the Adoption Date, this ASU could reduce the Day 2 Provision for Loan and Lease Losses, and the subsequent credit-related loan purchase accounting accretion or amortization that was prevalent for Non-PCD loans acquired prior the Adoption Date. This ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or related disclosures for the three month period ended March 31, 2026. ASU 2025-05—Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, Issued July 2025 This ASU provides an optional practical expedient which permits an entity to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset when estimating the ALLL for accounts receivable. We adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2026. We did not elect the optional practical expedient and adoption of this ASU did not impact our consolidated financial statements or disclosures. NOTE 2 — BUSINESS COMBINATIONS Pending Branch Acquisition On October 16, 2025, FCB announced that it had entered into an agreement to consummate the acquisition of 138 branches from BMO Bank N.A. located throughout the Midwest, Great Plains and West regions of the U.S. (the “BMO Branch Acquisition”). In connection with the BMO Branch Acquisition, FCB expects to assume approximately $ 5.3 billion in deposit liabilities and acquire approximately $ 1.1 billion in loans. We expect the transaction to close in the second half of 2026, subject to customary closing terms and conditions and the receipt of remaining regulatory approvals. SVBB Acquisition On March 27, 2023, FCB acquired substantially all loans and certain other assets and assumed all customer deposits and certain other liabilities of Silicon Valley Bridge Bank, N.A. from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC” and such transaction, the “SVBB Acquisition”) and FCB issued a five-year $ 36.07 billion note payable to the FDIC, maturing March 27, 2028, which was amended and restated on November 20, 2023 (the “Purchase Money Note”) and is collateralized by certain loans. Refer to Note 10—Borrowings for the outstanding carrying value of the Purchase Money Note. 11 NOTE 3 — INVESTMENT SECURITIES The following tables include the amortized cost and fair value of investment securities: Amortized Cost and Fair Value - Investment Securities dollars in millions March 31, 2026 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Investment securities available for sale U.S. Treasury $ 12,439 $ 23 $ ( 20 ) $ 12,442 Government agency 39 — ( 1 ) 38 Residential mortgage-backed securities 17,782 160 ( 347 ) 17,595 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,259 16 ( 176 ) 3,099 Corporate bonds 132 — ( 4 ) 128 Municipal bonds 12 — — 12 Total investment securities available for sale $ 33,663 $ 199 $ ( 548 ) $ 33,314 Investment in marketable equity securities $ 83 $ 47 $ — $ 130 Investment securities held to maturity U.S. Treasury $ 389 $ — $ ( 15 ) $ 374 Government agency 1,205 — ( 55 ) 1,150 Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,395 21 ( 490 ) 3,926 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,305 — ( 623 ) 2,682 Supranational securities 246 — ( 20 ) 226 Other 2 — — 2 Total investment securities held to maturity $ 9,542 $ 21 $ ( 1,203 ) $ 8,360 Total investment securities $ 43,288 $ 267 $ ( 1,751 ) $ 41,804 December 31, 2025 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Investment securities available for sale U.S. Treasury $ 10,624 $ 50 $ ( 1 ) $ 10,673 Government agency 44 — ( 1 ) 43 Residential mortgage-backed securities 17,683 263 ( 323 ) 17,623 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,444 28 ( 173 ) 3,299 Corporate bonds 145 — ( 5 ) 140 Municipal bonds 12 — — 12 Total investment securities available for sale $ 31,952 $ 341 $ ( 503 ) $ 31,790 Investment in marketable equity securities $ 83 $ 44 $ — $ 127 Investment securities held to maturity U.S. Treasury $ 388 $ — $ ( 15 ) $ 373 Government agency 1,225 — ( 55 ) 1,170 Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,450 32 ( 490 ) 3,992 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,337 — ( 608 ) 2,729 Supranational securities 246 — ( 20 ) 226 Other 1 — — 1 Total investment securities held to maturity $ 9,647 $ 32 $ ( 1,188 ) $ 8,491 Total investment securities $ 41,682 $ 417 $ ( 1,691 ) $ 40,408 U.S. Treasury investments include Treasury bills and Notes issued by the U.S. Treasury. Investments in government agency securities represent securities issued by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and other U.S. agencies. Investments in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities represent securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). Investments in corporate bonds represent positions in debt securities of other financial institutions. Municipal bonds are revenue bonds. Investments in marketable equity securities represent positions in common stock of publicly traded financial institutions. Investments in supranational securities represent securities issued by the Supranational Entities & Multilateral Development Banks. Other held to maturity investments include certificates of deposit with other financial institutions. 12 BancShares initially held approximately 354,000 shares of Visa, Inc. (“Visa”) Class B common stock (“Visa Class B common stock”). Effective January 24, 2024, all outstanding shares of Visa Class B common stock were redenominated as Visa Class B-1 common stock (“Visa Class B-1 common stock”) pursuant to Visa’s eighth amended and restated certificate of incorporation. BancShares currently holds approximately 354,000 shares of Visa Class B-1 common stock. Until the resolution of certain litigation, at which time the Visa Class B-1 common stock will convert to publicly traded Visa Class A common stock, or the potential exchange of Visa Class B-1 common stock for other marketable classes of Visa common stock, these shares are only transferable to other stockholders of Visa Class B-1 common stock or certain new denominations of Visa’s former Class B common stock. As a result, there is limited transfer activity in private transactions between buyers and sellers. Given this limited trading activity and the continuing uncertainty regarding the likelihood, ultimate timing and eventual exchange of Visa Class B-1 common stock for shares of Visa Class A common stock or other marketable classes of Visa common stock, these shares are not considered to have a readily determinable fair value and have no carrying value. BancShares has not elected to participate in any exchange offers pertaining to its shares of Visa Class B-1 common stock, including the exchange offer Visa commenced on April 13, 2026. BancShares continues to monitor the trading activity in Visa Class B-1 common stock, the status of the resolution of certain litigation matters at Visa, and other potential exchange alternatives that would trigger the conversion of the Visa Class B-1 common stock into Visa Class A common stock or other marketable classes of Visa common stock. Accrued interest receivable for available for sale and held to maturity debt securities was excluded from the estimate for credit losses. At March 31, 2026, accrued interest receivable for available for sale and held to maturity debt securities was $ 184 million and $ 18 million, respectively. At December 31, 2025, accrued interest receivable for available for sale and held to maturity debt securities was $ 157 million and $ 20 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, there was no accrued interest that was deemed uncollectible and written off against interest income. A security is considered past due once it is 30 days contractually past due under the terms of the agreement. There were no securities past due as of March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025. The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities on certain securities because borrowers and issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. Residential and commercial mortgage-backed and government agency securities are stated separately as they are not due at a single maturity date. Maturities - Debt Securities dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Investment securities available for sale Non-amortizing securities maturing in: One year or less $ 6,393 $ 6,406 $ 4,893 $ 4,914 After one through five years 6,162 6,150 5,853 5,879 After five through 10 years 16 14 23 20 After 10 years 12 12 12 12 Government agency 39 38 44 43 Residential mortgage-backed securities 17,782 17,595 17,683 17,623 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,259 3,099 3,444 3,299 Total investment securities available for sale $ 33,663 $ 33,314 $ 31,952 $ 31,790 Investment securities held to maturity Non-amortizing securities maturing in: One year or less $ 369 $ 364 $ 307 $ 303 After one through five years 1,473 1,388 1,434 1,360 After five through 10 years — — 119 107 Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,395 3,926 4,450 3,992 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,305 2,682 3,337 2,729 Total investment securities held to maturity $ 9,542 $ 8,360 $ 9,647 $ 8,491 13 T he following table presents interest and dividend income on investment securities: Interest and Dividends on Investment Securities dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Interest income - taxable investment securities (1) $ 383 $ 413 Dividend income - marketable equity securities 1 1 Interest on investment securities $ 384 $ 414 (1) Amount includes interest income on securities purchased under agreements to resell. The following table presents the gross realized gain and loss on sales of investment securities available for sale, and the net realized gain on sale of marketable equity securities: Realized Gain (Loss) on Sale of Investment Securities, Net dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Gross realized gain on sale of investment securities available for sale $ — $ 1 Gross realized loss on sale of investment securities available for sale — ( 2 ) Net realized gain (loss) on sale of investment securities available for sale — ( 1 ) Net realized gain on sale of marketable equity securities — 1 Realized gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net $ — $ — The following table provides information regarding investment securities available for sale with unrealized losses: Gross Unrealized Losses on Debt Securities Available For Sale dollars in millions March 31, 2026 Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Investment securities available for sale U.S. Treasury $ 4,657 $ ( 20 ) $ — $ — $ 4,657 $ ( 20 ) Government agency — — 38 ( 1 ) 38 ( 1 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 2,883 ( 21 ) 3,120 ( 326 ) 6,003 ( 347 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 148 ( 1 ) 1,025 ( 175 ) 1,173 ( 176 ) Corporate bonds 8 — 111 ( 4 ) 119 ( 4 ) Total $ 7,696 $ ( 42 ) $ 4,294 $ ( 506 ) $ 11,990 $ ( 548 ) December 31, 2025 Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Investment securities available for sale U.S. Treasury $ 859 $ ( 1 ) $ — $ — $ 859 $ ( 1 ) Government agency — — 43 ( 1 ) 43 ( 1 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 815 ( 2 ) 3,292 ( 321 ) 4,107 ( 323 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 48 — 1,129 ( 173 ) 1,177 ( 173 ) Corporate bonds — — 123 ( 5 ) 123 ( 5 ) Total $ 1,722 $ ( 3 ) $ 4,587 $ ( 500 ) $ 6,309 $ ( 503 ) 14 As of March 31, 2026, there were 300 investment securities available for sale with continuous unrealized losses for more than 12 months, of which 285 were government sponsored enterprise-issued mortgage-backed securities including GNMA, FHLMC and FNMA, or government agency securities, and the remaining 15 were corporate bonds. BancShares has the ability and intent to retain these securities for a period of time sufficient to recover all unrealized losses. Given the consistently strong credit rating of the U.S. Treasury, and the long history of no credit losses on debt securities issued by government agencies and government sponsored entities, as of March 31, 2026, no allowance for credit loss was required. For corporate bonds, we analyzed the changes in interest rates relative to when the investment securities were purchased or acquired, and considered other factors including changes in credit ratings, delinquencies, and other macroeconomic factors. As a result of this analysis, we determined that no allowance for credit loss was required for investment securities available for sale as of March 31, 2026. BancShares’ portfolio of held to maturity debt securities consists of mortgage-backed securities issued by government agencies and government sponsored entities including GNMA, FHLMC and FNMA, U.S. Treasury notes, unsecured bonds issued by government agencies and government sponsored entities, and securities issued by the Supranational Entities & Multilateral Development Banks. Given the consistently strong credit rating of the U.S. Treasury and the Supranational Entities & Multilateral Development Banks, and the long history of no credit losses on debt securities issued by government agencies and government sponsored entities, no allowance for credit loss was required for debt securities held to maturity as of March 31, 2026. There were no debt securities on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025. Investment securities having an aggregate carrying value of $ 3.59 billion at March 31, 2026, and $ 3.89 billion at December 31, 2025, were pledged as collateral to secure public funds on deposit, the Purchase Money Note, certain short-term borrowings, and for other purposes as required by law. Certain investments held by BancShares are reported in other assets, including FHLB stock and nonmarketable securities without readily determinable fair values that are recorded at cost, investments in qualified affordable housing projects that are accounted for under the proportional amortization method (“PAM”), and renewable energy tax credit investments that utilize the hypothetical liquidation at book value method (“HLBVM”). Refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation of our 2025 Form 10-K for descriptions of the accounting methodologies. NOTE 4 — ASSETS HELD FOR SALE The composition of assets held for sale is summarized in the following table. dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Loans and leases: Commercial (1) $ 385 $ 18 Consumer 733 781 Loans and leases 1,118 799 Operating lease equipment 4 5 Total assets held for sale $ 1,122 $ 804 (1) There were nonaccrual loans held for sale of $ 0 at March 31, 2026 and $ 10 million at December 31, 2025. In March 2026, FCB management committed to a plan to sell $ 364 million of SBA commercial loans, which were then transferred from held for investment to held for sale. We did not establish a valuation allowance for the loans transferred to held for sale as the estimated fair value exceeded amortized cost. Consumer loans held for sale at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were largely comprised of residential mortgage loans that were transferred from held for investment to held for sale in December 2025. We did not establish a valuation allowance for the loans transferred to held for sale as the estimated fair value exceeded the amortized cost of $ 644 million and $ 694 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. In April 2026, the loan sale closed and a gain was recognized as the sale proceeds exceeded the amortized cost of $ 644 million. Additionally, consumer loans held for sale at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 consisted of residential mortgage loans that FCB originated with the intent to sell. 15 NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES Loans held for sale are excluded from loans and leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are included in Note 4—Assets Held For Sale. Finance leases for which we are the lessor are included in the commercial and industrial loan class in the following tables. Refer to Note 7—Leases for further information on leases. The following table summarizes loans by class: Loans by Class dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Commercial Commercial and industrial $ 45,753 $ 44,721 Capital call lines 32,274 31,791 Owner occupied commercial mortgage 17,502 17,660 Investor dependent 2,714 2,778 Commercial real estate 23,707 23,784 Total commercial 121,950 120,734 Consumer Residential mortgage 21,698 21,861 Revolving mortgage 2,863 2,863 Auto 1,332 1,416 Other consumer 849 1,056 Total consumer 26,742 27,196 Total loans and leases $ 148,692 $ 147,930 At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, accrued interest receivable on loans included in other assets was $ 639 million and $ 635 million, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of the ALLL. The discount on acquired loans is accreted to interest income over the contractual life of the loan using the effective interest method. Discount accretion income was $ 48 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, including $ 1 million for unfunded commitments. Discount accretion income was $ 84 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, including $ 8 million for unfunded commitments. The following table presents selected components of the amortized cost of loans, including the unamortized discount on acquired loans. Components of Amortized Cost dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Deferred fees, including unamortized costs and unearned fees on non-PCD loans $ ( 102 ) $ ( 103 ) Net unamortized discount on acquired loans Non-PCD $ 1,238 $ 1,281 PCD 43 45 Total net unamortized discount $ 1,281 $ 1,326 16 The aging and nonaccrual status of the outstanding loans and leases by class at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are provided in the tables below. Loans and leases less than 30 days past due are considered current, as various grace periods allow borrowers to make payments within a stated period after the due date and remain in compliance with the respective agreement. Loans and Leases - Delinquency and Nonaccrual Status (1) dollars in millions March 31, 2026 Accruing Loans 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Current Total Accruing Nonaccrual Loans (2) Total Commercial Commercial and industrial $ 222 $ 29 $ 35 $ 286 $ 45,006 $ 45,292 $ 461 $ 45,753 Capital call lines 31 — — 31 32,243 32,274 — 32,274 Owner occupied commercial mortgage 65 24 16 105 17,235 17,340 162 17,502 Investor dependent 8 — — 8 2,669 2,677 37 2,714 Commercial real estate 87 10 185 282 22,901 23,183 524 23,707 Total commercial 413 63 236 712 120,054 120,766 1,184 121,950 Consumer Residential mortgage 148 25 7 180 21,322 21,502 196 21,698 Revolving mortgage 24 3 — 27 2,798 2,825 38 2,863 Auto 10 2 — 12 1,310 1,322 10 1,332 Other consumer 4 2 2 8 840 848 1 849 Total consumer 186 32 9 227 26,270 26,497 245 26,742 Total loans and leases $ 599 $ 95 $ 245 $ 939 $ 146,324 $ 147,263 $ 1,429 $ 148,692 December 31, 2025 Accruing Loans 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Current Total Accruing Nonaccrual Loans (2) Total Commercial Commercial and industrial $ 232 $ 56 $ 63 $ 351 $ 43,914 $ 44,265 $ 456 $ 44,721 Capital call lines — — — — 31,791 31,791 — 31,791 Owner occupied commercial mortgage 78 19 1 98 17,403 17,501 159 17,660 Investor dependent 11 1 — 12 2,717 2,729 49 2,778 Commercial real estate 221 31 171 423 22,943 23,366 418 23,784 Total commercial 542 107 235 884 118,768 119,652 1,082 120,734 Consumer Residential mortgage 168 42 7 217 21,465 21,682 179 21,861 Revolving mortgage 25 4 — 29 2,799 2,828 35 2,863 Auto 15 3 — 18 1,389 1,407 9 1,416 Other consumer 5 3 2 10 1,044 1,054 2 1,056 Total consumer 213 52 9 274 26,697 26,971 225 27,196 Total loans and leases $ 755 $ 159 $ 244 $ 1,158 $ 145,465 $ 146,623 $ 1,307 $ 147,930 (1) Accrued interest that was deducted from interest income when the loan was moved to nonaccrual status was $ 5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and $ 7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. (2) Nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ALLL totaled $ 343 million at March 31, 2026 and $ 415 million at December 31, 2025. Refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation of our 2025 Form 10-K for discussion of loans individually evaluated to determine the ALLL. Other real estate owned (“OREO”) and repossessed assets were $ 116 million as of March 31, 2026 and $ 124 million as of December 31, 2025. 17 Credit Quality Indicators Loans and leases are monitored for credit quality on a recurring basis. Commercial loans and leases and consumer loans have different credit quality indicators as a result of the unique characteristics of the loan classes being evaluated. The credit quality indicators for commercial loans and leases are developed through a review of individual borrowers on an ongoing basis. Commercial loans are evaluated periodically with more frequent evaluations done on criticized loans. The indicators as of the date presented are based on the most recent assessment performed and are defined below: Pass – A pass rated asset is not adversely classified because it does not display any of the characteristics for adverse classification. Special mention – A special mention asset has potential weaknesses which deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, such potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not warrant adverse classification. Substandard – A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – An asset classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in an asset classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values. Loss – Assets classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value it is inappropriate to be carried as an asset. This classification is not necessarily equivalent to any potential for recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not appropriate to defer a full charge-off even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. Ungraded – Ungraded loans represent loans not included in the individual credit grading process due to their relatively small balances or borrower type. The majority of ungraded loans at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, relate to business credit cards. Business credit card loans are subject to automatic charge-off when they become 120 days past due in the same manner as unsecured consumer lines of credit. The credit quality indicator for consumer loans is based on delinquency status of the borrower as of the end of the period. As the borrower becomes more delinquent, the likelihood of loss increases. An exemption is applied to government guaranteed loans as the principal repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and thus remain on accrual status regardless of delinquency status. 18 The following tables summarize the commercial loans disaggregated by year of origination and by risk rating. The consumer loan delinquency status by year of origination is also presented below. The tables reflect the amortized cost of the loans and include PCD loans. Commercial Loans - Risk Classifications by Class March 31, 2026 Risk Classification: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Converted to Term Loans dollars in millions 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 & Prior Revolving Total Commercial and industrial Pass $ 5,282 $ 10,795 $ 6,883 $ 3,182 $ 2,450 $ 2,712 $ 10,792 $ 72 $ 42,168 Special Mention 74 139 347 64 80 199 177 — 1,080 Substandard 91 417 284 205 441 339 377 8 2,162 Doubtful 9 69 18 24 32 15 25 — 192 Ungraded — — — — — — 151 — 151 Total commercial and industrial 5,456 11,420 7,532 3,475 3,003 3,265 11,522 80 45,753 Capital call lines Pass 40 — — — — — 32,191 43 32,274 Total capital call lines 40 — — — — — 32,191 43 32,274 Owner occupied commercial mortgage Pass 678 2,651 2,569 2,116 2,331 5,872 253 28 16,498 Special Mention 18 7 49 37 98 69 1 — 279 Substandard 14 44 66 129 168 280 9 3 713 Doubtful — — — 12 — — — — 12 Total owner occupied commercial mortgage 710 2,702 2,684 2,294 2,597 6,221 263 31 17,502 Investor dependent Pass 182 986 522 84 61 — 302 — 2,137 Special Mention — 26 17 4 3 — 5 — 55 Substandard 7 140 202 77 7 3 53 — 489 Doubtful — 8 11 10 2 — 2 — 33 Total Investor dependent 189 1,160 752 175 73 3 362 — 2,714 Commercial real estate Pass 1,496 4,854 4,561 3,875 2,643 3,970 688 — 22,087 Special Mention 27 50 20 144 28 22 — — 291 Substandard 16 479 211 175 118 243 1 — 1,243 Doubtful 12 13 27 1 19 14 — — 86 Total commercial real estate 1,551 5,396 4,819 4,195 2,808 4,249 689 — 23,707 Total commercial Pass 7,678 19,286 14,535 9,257 7,485 12,554 44,226 143 115,164 Special Mention 119 222 433 249 209 290 183 — 1,705 Substandard 128 1,080 763 586 734 865 440 11 4,607 Doubtful 21 90 56 47 53 29 27 — 323 Ungraded — — — — — — 151 — 151 Total commercial $ 7,946 $ 20,678 $ 15,787 $ 10,139 $ 8,481 $ 13,738 $ 45,027 $ 154 $ 121,950 19 Consumer Loans - Delinquency Status by Class March 31, 2026 Days Past Due: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Converted to Term Loans dollars in millions 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 & Prior Revolving Total Residential mortgage Current $ 371 $ 1,549 $ 1,597 $ 2,412 $ 4,703 $ 10,741 $ 4 $ — $ 21,377 30-59 days — 5 2 8 25 125 — — 165 60-89 days — 1 2 8 8 19 — — 38 90 days or greater — 2 5 7 16 88 — — 118 Total residential mortgage 371 1,557 1,606 2,435 4,752 10,973 4 — 21,698 Revolving mortgage Current — — — — — — 2,678 134 2,812 30-59 days — — — — — — 18 8 26 60-89 days — — — — — — 1 4 5 90 days or greater — — — — — — 4 16 20 Total revolving mortgage — — — — — — 2,701 162 2,863 Auto Current 109 436 360 188 134 86 — — 1,313 30-59 days — 2 3 2 2 2 — — 11 60-89 days — 1 1 1 1 — — — 4 90 days or greater — 1 1 1 1 — — — 4 Total consumer auto 109 440 365 192 138 88 — — 1,332 Other consumer Current 42 164 81 51 44 17 443 — 842 30-59 days — — — — — — 3 — 3 60-89 days — — — — — — 2 — 2 90 days or greater — — — — — — 2 — 2 Total consumer other 42 164 81 51 44 17 450 — 849 Total consumer $ 522 $ 2,161 $ 2,052 $ 2,678 $ 4,934 $ 11,078 $ 3,155 $ 162 $ 26,742 20 The following tables represent current credit quality indicators by origination year as of December 31, 2025: Commercial Loans - Risk Classifications by Class December 31, 2025 Risk Classification: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Converted to Term Loans dollars in millions 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 & Prior Revolving Total Commercial and industrial Pass $ 13,484 $ 7,906 $ 3,552 $ 2,963 $ 1,428 $ 1,539 $ 10,143 $ 76 $ 41,091 Special Mention 213 264 113 97 143 60 181 — 1,071 Substandard 451 296 215 475 347 65 416 5 2,270 Doubtful 18 24 27 35 10 — 32 — 146 Ungraded — — — — — — 143 — 143 Total Commercial and industrial 14,166 8,490 3,907 3,570 1,928 1,664 10,915 81 44,721 Capital call lines Pass — — — — — — 31,758 33 31,791 Total capital call lines — — — — — — 31,758 33 31,791 Owner occupied commercial mortgage Pass 2,816 2,739 2,177 2,430 2,290 3,954 248 28 16,682 Special Mention 26 34 49 78 24 27 2 — 240 Substandard 41 55 128 179 88 222 8 3 724 Doubtful — 4 10 — — — — — 14 Total owner occupied commercial mortgage 2,883 2,832 2,364 2,687 2,402 4,203 258 31 17,660 Investor dependent Pass 981 648 110 67 — — 326 — 2,132 Special Mention 29 78 1 19 — — 19 — 146 Substandard 104 164 117 14 4 — 50 — 453 Doubtful 13 11 16 5 — — 2 — 47 Total investor dependent 1,127 901 244 105 4 — 397 — 2,778 Commercial real estate Pass 5,005 4,720 4,512 2,791 1,614 2,631 732 — 22,005 Special Mention 202 19 139 25 2 31 — — 418 Substandard 409 249 221 145 70 193 1 — 1,288 Doubtful 29 3 — 18 1 22 — — 73 Total commercial real estate 5,645 4,991 4,872 2,979 1,687 2,877 733 — 23,784 Total commercial Pass 22,286 16,013 10,351 8,251 5,332 8,124 43,207 137 113,701 Special Mention 470 395 302 219 169 118 202 — 1,875 Substandard 1,005 764 681 813 509 480 475 8 4,735 Doubtful 60 42 53 58 11 22 34 — 280 Ungraded — — — — — — 143 — 143 Total commercial $ 23,821 $ 17,214 $ 11,387 $ 9,341 $ 6,021 $ 8,744 $ 44,061 $ 145 $ 120,734 21 Consumer Loans - Delinquency Status by Class December 31, 2025 Days Past Due: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Converted to Term Loans dollars in millions 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 & Prior Revolving Total Residential mortgage Current $ 1,601 $ 1,609 $ 2,512 $ 4,783 $ 4,715 $ 6,295 $ 2 $ — $ 21,517 30-59 days 3 4 12 32 32 94 2 — 179 60-89 days — 1 3 9 3 38 — — 54 90 days or greater 1 5 6 10 7 82 — — 111 Total residential mortgage 1,605 1,619 2,533 4,834 4,757 6,509 4 — 21,861 Revolving mortgage Current — — — — — — 2,686 125 2,811 30-59 days — — — — — — 20 9 29 60-89 days — — — — — — — 6 6 90 days or greater — — — — — — 3 14 17 Total revolving mortgage — — — — — — 2,709 154 2,863 Auto Current 504 405 217 157 77 33 — — 1,393 30-59 days 3 4 3 3 2 1 — — 16 60-89 days — 1 1 1 1 — — — 4 90 days or greater — 1 1 1 — — — — 3 Total consumer auto 507 411 222 162 80 34 — — 1,416 Other consumer Current 176 100 65 53 15 6 630 — 1,045 30-59 days 1 1 — — — — 4 — 6 60-89 days — — — — — — 2 — 2 90 days or greater 1 — — — — — 2 — 3 Total consumer other 178 101 65 53 15 6 638 — 1,056 Total consumer $ 2,290 $ 2,131 $ 2,820 $ 5,049 $ 4,852 $ 6,549 $ 3,351 $ 154 $ 27,196 22 Gross Charge-offs Gross charge-off disclosures by origination year and loan class are summarized in the following tables: Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Converted to Term Loans dollars in millions 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 & Prior Revolving Total Commercial Commercial and industrial $ 1 $ 7 $ 19 $ 8 $ 7 $ 5 $ 47 $ 1 $ 95 Capital call lines — — — — — — — — — Owner occupied commercial mortgage — — 4 — — — — — 4 Investor dependent — 6 — — 3 2 1 — 12 Commercial real estate — 6 — — — 6 — — 12 Total commercial 1 19 23 8 10 13 48 1 123 Consumer Residential mortgage — — — — — — — — — Revolving mortgage — — — — — — — — — Auto — 1 — 1 — — — — 2 Other consumer — 1 1 — — — 5 — 7 Total consumer — 2 1 1 — — 5 — 9 Total loans and leases $ 1 $ 21 $ 24 $ 9 $ 10 $ 13 $ 53 $ 1 $ 132 Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Converted to Term Loans dollars in millions 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 & Prior Revolving Total Commercial Commercial and industrial $ — $ 7 $ 20 $ 11 $ 5 $ 6 $ 30 $ 1 $ 80 Capital call lines — — — — — — — — — Owner occupied commercial mortgage — — — — — — — — — Investor dependent — 4 14 12 6 2 1 — 39 Commercial real estate — 10 3 10 — 17 — — 40 Total commercial — 21 37 33 11 25 31 1 159 Consumer Residential mortgage — — — — — — — — — Revolving mortgage — — — — — — — — — Auto — 1 1 1 — — — — 3 Other consumer — — 1 — — — 4 — 5 Total consumer — 1 2 1 — — 4 — 8 Total loans and leases $ — $ 22 $ 39 $ 34 $ 11 $ 25 $ 35 $ 1 $ 167 23 Loan Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulties As part of BancShares’ ongoing credit risk management practices, BancShares attempts to work with borrowers when necessary to extend or modify loan terms to better align with the borrowers’ current ability to repay. BancShares’ modifications granted to debtors experiencing financial difficulties typically take the form of term extensions, payment delays, interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, or a combination thereof. Modifications are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines to conform to regulatory guidance. The following tables present the amortized cost of loan modifications made to debtors experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class and type of loan modification. The tables also provide financial effects by type of such loan modifications for the respective loan class. Loan modifications for principal forgiveness round to less than $ 1 million for all loan classes in all periods presented and are not presented in the following tables. Amortized Cost of Loans Modified during the three months ended March 31, 2026 dollars in millions Term Extension (1) Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension (1) and Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension (1) and Payment Delay Total Percent of Total Loan Class Commercial Commercial and industrial $ 228 $ 70 $ 3 $ 1 $ 22 $ 324 0.71 % Owner occupied commercial mortgage 26 — 13 18 8 65 0.38 Investor dependent 7 37 — — — 44 1.64 Commercial real estate 8 — — 15 3 26 0.11 Total commercial 269 107 16 34 33 459 0.38 Consumer Residential mortgage 4 — 1 — — 5 0.02 Revolving mortgage 1 — — — — 1 0.02 Auto — — — — — — 0.01 Other consumer — — — — — — — Total consumer 5 — 1 — — 6 0.02 Total loans and leases $ 274 $ 107 $ 17 $ 34 $ 33 $ 465 0.31 % (1) Term extensions include modifications which extended the maturity date or amortization period, and modifications that deferred lump-sum principal payments to a later date. Amortized Cost of Loans Modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025 dollars in millions Term Extension (1) Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension (1) and Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension (1) and Payment Delay Total Percent of Total Loan Class Commercial Commercial and industrial $ 58 $ 17 $ — $ 2 $ 20 $ 97 1.75 % Owner occupied commercial mortgage 12 2 — — 14 28 0.17 Investor dependent 4 21 — — — 25 0.08 Commercial real estate 37 — — — 67 104 5.14 Total commercial 111 40 — 2 101 254 0.35 Consumer Residential mortgage 4 — — 1 3 8 0.04 Revolving mortgage — — — — — — 0.03 Auto — — — — — — 0.01 Other consumer — — — — — — 0.01 Total consumer 4 — — 1 3 8 0.03 Total loans and leases $ 115 $ 40 $ — $ 3 $ 104 $ 262 0.19 % (1) Term extensions include modifications which extended the maturity date or amortization period, and modifications that deferred lump-sum principal payments to a later date. 24 Financial Effects of Loan Modifications made during the three months ended March 31, 2026 Weighted Average Term Extension (in Months) Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Payment Delay (in Months) Commercial Commercial and industrial 9 1.76 % 9 Owner occupied commercial mortgage 8 1.75 10 Investor dependent 12 — 7 Commercial real estate 17 0.05 9 Total commercial 10 1.25 9 Consumer Residential mortgage 11 1.63 4 Revolving mortgage 39 3.49 — Auto 24 0.24 — Other consumer — 11.80 — Total consumer 14 2.20 4 Total loans and leases 10 1.27 % 9 Financial Effects of Loan Modifications made during the three months ended March 31, 2025 Weighted Average Term Extension (in Months) Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Payment Delay (in Months) Commercial Commercial and industrial 17 1.65 % 10 Owner occupied commercial mortgage 8 — 6 Investor dependent 12 — 5 Commercial real estate 6 — 6 Total commercial 10 1.65 7 Consumer Residential mortgage 22 1.87 5 Revolving mortgage 60 3.21 5 Auto 20 — 4 Other consumer — 9.97 — Total consumer 24 2.41 5 Total loans and leases 11 2.06 % 7 Note: The financial effects of loan modifications for certain loan classes reported in the tables above were not reported in the preceding tables as the total amortized cost of loans modified during the period for such loan classes rounded to less than $ 1 million. Borrowers experiencing financial difficulties are typically identified in our credit risk management process and are consequently addressed in our methodology to estimate the ALLL, which incorporates delinquencies, probability of obligor default, and loss given default. Therefore, a change to the ALLL is generally not recorded upon modification. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is reassessed or performed on the date of a modification. Upon BancShares’ determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is charged off. At March 31, 2026, there were $ 174 million of loans modified in the twelve-months ended March 31, 2026, which defaulted subsequent to modification. 25 The following tables present the amortized cost and performance of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties for which the terms of the loan were modified during the referenced periods. The period of delinquency is based on the number of days the scheduled payment is contractually past due. Modified Loans Payment Status (twelve months ended March 31, 2026) dollars in millions Current 30–59 Days Past Due 60–89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Commercial Commercial and industrial $ 549 $ 62 $ 7 $ 32 $ 650 Capital call lines — — — — — Owner occupied commercial mortgage 76 5 — 2 83 Investor dependent 67 — 8 — 75 Commercial real estate 197 1 1 60 259 Total commercial 889 68 16 94 1,067 Consumer Residential mortgage 33 2 1 6 42 Revolving mortgage 2 — — 1 3 Auto — — — — — Other consumer 4 — — — 4 Total consumer 39 2 1 7 49 Total loans and leases $ 928 $ 70 $ 17 $ 101 $ 1,116 Modified Loans Payment Status (twelve months ended March 31, 2025) dollars in millions Current 30–59 Days Past Due 60–89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Commercial Commercial and industrial $ 314 $ 4 $ 1 $ 5 $ 324 Capital call lines — — — — — Owner occupied commercial mortgage 61 3 1 — 65 Investor dependent 63 3 — — 66 Commercial real estate 238 9 — 23 270 Total commercial 676 19 2 28 725 Consumer Residential mortgage 12 1 1 3 17 Revolving mortgage 8 — — — 8 Auto — — — — — Other consumer — — — — — Total consumer 20 1 1 3 25 Total loans and leases $ 696 $ 20 $ 3 $ 31 $ 750 At March 31, 2026, there were $ 19 million of commitments to lend additional funds to debtors experiencing financial difficulty for which the terms of the loan were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2026. At December 31, 2025, there were $ 60 million of commitments to lend additional funds to debtors experiencing financial difficulty for which the terms of the loan were modified during the year ended December 31, 2025 . 26 Loans Pledged The following table provides information regarding loans pledged as collateral for borrowing capacity through the FHLB of Atlanta and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”), and loans pledged as collateral for the Purchase Money Note to the FDIC. Loans Pledged dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 FHLB of Atlanta Lendable collateral value of pledged non-PCD loans $ 18,799 $ 19,225 Less: advances — — Less: letters of credit 1,450 1,450 Available borrowing capacity $ 17,349 $ 17,775 Pledged non-PCD loans $ 31,368 $ 31,713 FRB Lendable collateral value of pledged non-PCD loans $ 12,944 $ 12,962 Less: advances — — Available borrowing capacity $ 12,944 $ 12,962 Pledged non-PCD loans $ 13,924 $ 13,640 FDIC Lendable collateral value of pledged loans $ 33,756 $ 35,705 Less: advances — — Less: principal amount of the Purchase Money Note 31,000 33,500 Available borrowing capacity (1) $ — $ — Pledged loans (2) $ 32,516 $ 34,465 (1) The draw period for the Advance Facility Agreement (an expired funding agreement between FCB and the FDIC in connection with the SVBB Acquisition) ended on March 27, 2025 so there was no available borrowing capacity at March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025. (2) Carrying value, net of remaining discount, for loans pledged as collateral for the Purchase Money Note. As a member of the FHLB, FCB can access financing based on an evaluation of its creditworthiness, statement of financial position, size and eligibility of collateral. FCB may at any time grant a security interest in, sell, convey or otherwise dispose of any of the assets used for collateral, provided that FCB is in compliance with the collateral maintenance requirement immediately following such disposition. There were no outstanding advances from the FHLB at March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025. Under borrowing arrangements with the FRB, BancShares has access to the FRB Discount Window on a secured basis. There were no outstanding borrowings with the FRB Discount Window at March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025. NOTE 6 — ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES The ALLL is reported as a separate line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, while the reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposure of $ 228 million and $ 260 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, is included in other liabilities. The provision or benefit for credit losses related to (i) loans and leases (ii) off-balance sheet credit exposure, and (iii) other receivables or investment securities available for sale, if any, is reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income as provision or benefit for credit losses. The ALLL activity for loans and leases is summarized in the following table: Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 1,436 $ 130 $ 1,566 $ 1,518 $ 158 $ 1,676 Provision for loan and lease losses 97 6 103 138 10 148 Charge-offs ( 123 ) ( 9 ) ( 132 ) ( 159 ) ( 8 ) ( 167 ) Recoveries 18 3 21 20 3 23 Balance at end of period $ 1,428 $ 130 $ 1,558 $ 1,517 $ 163 $ 1,680 27 The decrease of $ 8 million in the ALLL at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025, was mainly driven by loan growth concentrated in capital call lines which have a significantly lower loss rate relative to our other loan portfolios, and changes in the macroeconomic scenarios, partially offset by higher reserves for individually evaluated loans. The following table presents the components of the provision for credit losses: Provision for Credit Losses dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Provision for loan and lease losses $ 103 $ 148 (Benefit) provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure ( 32 ) 6 Provision for other receivables 1 — Provision for credit losses $ 72 $ 154 NOTE 7 — LEASES Lessee BancShares’ leases primarily include administrative offices and bank locations. Substantially all of our operating lease liabilities relate to United States real estate leases. Our finance lease liabilities mainly relate to equipment leases, including the lease of certain ATMs. Our real estate leases have remaining lease terms of up to 32 years. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and our operating leases have renewal terms that can extend from 1 to 25 years. The options are included in the lease term when it is determined that it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. The following table presents supplemental balance sheet information and remaining weighted average lease terms and discount rates: Supplemental Lease Information dollars in millions Classification March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Lease assets: Operating lease ROU assets Other assets $ 285 $ 294 Finance leases Premises and equipment 71 71 Total lease assets $ 356 $ 365 Lease liabilities: Operating leases Other liabilities $ 317 $ 329 Finance leases Other borrowings 73 72 Total lease liabilities $ 390 $ 401 Weighted-average remaining lease terms: Operating leases 7.0 years 7.2 years Finance leases 7.4 years 7.7 years Weighted-average discount rate: Operating leases 3.10 % 3.10 % Finance leases 4.21 4.20 As of March 31, 2026, there were no leases that have not yet commenced that would have a material impact on BancShares’ consolidated financial statements. 28 The following table presents components of lease cost: Components of Net Lease Cost dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, Classification 2026 2025 Operating lease cost Occupancy expense $ 17 $ 18 Finance lease ROU asset amortization Equipment expense 3 1 Interest on lease liabilities Interest expense - other borrowings 1 — Variable lease cost (1) Occupancy expense 5 7 Sublease income Occupancy expense ( 1 ) ( 2 ) Net lease cost (1) $ 25 $ 24 (1) Includes short-term lease cost. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, the right of use (“ROU”) asset is amortized straight-line over the lease term as equipment expense and interest on the lease liability is recognized separately. Variable lease cost includes common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities, and other operating expenses related to leased premises recognized in the period in which the expense was incurred. Certain of our lease agreements also include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. While lease liabilities are not remeasured because of these changes, these adjustments are treated as variable lease costs and recognized in the period in which the expense is incurred. Sublease income results from leasing excess building space that BancShares is no longer utilizing under operating leases, which have remaining lease terms of up to 11 years. The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases: Supplemental Cash Flow Information dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 19 $ 19 Operating cash flows from finance leases 1 — Financing cash flows from finance leases 2 1 ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 6 3 ROU assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities 3 22 Lessor BancShares leases equipment to commercial end-users under operating lease and finance lease arrangements. The majority of operating lease equipment is long-lived rail equipment, which is typically leased several times over its life. We also lease technology and office equipment, and large and small industrial, medical, and transportation equipment under both operating leases and finance leases. Our Rail operating leases typically do not include purchase options. Many of our finance leases, and other equipment operating leases, offer the lessee the option to purchase the equipment at fair market value or for a nominal fixed purchase option. Many of the leases that do not have a nominal purchase option include renewal provisions resulting in some leases continuing beyond the initial contractual term. Our leases typically do not include early termination options. Continued rent payments are due if leased equipment is not returned at the end of the lease. 29 The following table presents lease income related to BancShares’ equipment leases: Lease Income dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Lease income – operating leases $ 268 $ 254 Variable lease income – operating leases (1) 13 16 Rental income on operating leases 281 270 Interest income – sales type and direct financing leases 42 43 Variable lease income included in other noninterest income (2) 14 14 Interest income – leveraged leases 1 1 Total lease income $ 338 $ 328 (1) Primarily includes per diem railcar operating lease rental income earned on a time or mileage usage basis. (2) Includes revenue related to insurance coverage on leased equipment and leased equipment property tax reimbursements due from customers. NOTE 8 — GOODWILL AND CORE DEPOSIT INTANGIBLES Goodwill BancShares had goodwill of $ 346 million at March 31, 2026 and 2025. There was no goodwill impairment during the three months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025. Goodwill relates to the General Bank reporting segment. Core Deposit Intangibles Core deposit intangibles represent the estimated fair value of core deposits and other customer relationships acquired. Core deposit intangibles are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. The following tables summarize the activity for core deposit intangibles: Core Deposit Intangibles Three Months Ended March 31, dollars in millions 2026 Balance at beginning of period, net of accumulated amortization $ 195 Less: amortization for the period 13 Balance at end of period, net of accumulated amortization $ 182 The following table summarizes the accumulated amortization balance for core deposit intangibles: Core Deposit Intangible Accumulated Amortization dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Gross balance $ 501 $ 501 Less: accumulated amortization 319 306 Balance, net of accumulated amortization $ 182 $ 195 The following table summarizes the expected amortization expense as of March 31, 2026 in subsequent periods for core deposit intangibles: Core Deposit Intangible Expected Amortization dollars in millions Remainder 2026 $ 33 2027 39 2028 34 2029 30 2030 28 2031 18 Balance, net of accumulated amortization $ 182 30 NOTE 9 — VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES Unconsolidated VIEs Unconsolidated VIEs include limited partnership interests and joint ventures. The table below provides a summary of the assets and liabilities included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets associated with unconsolidated VIEs. The maximum exposure to loss for unconsolidated VIEs is generally limited to the sum of the unconsolidated VIE investment balance and off-balance sheet funding commitments. The maximum exposure to loss represents potential losses that would be incurred under hypothetical circumstances, such that the value of BancShares’ interests and any associated collateral declines to zero and assuming no recovery. BancShares believes the possibility is remote under this hypothetical scenario; accordingly, this disclosure is not an indication of expected loss. Refer to Note 19—Commitments and Contingencies for off-balance sheet commitments to fund other tax credit investments and other unconsolidated investments. Unconsolidated VIEs Carrying Value and Liabilities for Funding Commitments dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Affordable housing tax credit investments $ 2,682 $ 2,761 Other tax credit investments 28 — Total tax credit equity investments $ 2,710 $ 2,761 Other unconsolidated investments 199 194 Total unconsolidated VIE investments (1) $ 2,909 $ 2,955 Liabilities for commitments to fund tax credit investments (2) $ 1,234 $ 1,321 (1) Included in other assets. (2) Represents commitments to invest in qualified affordable housing investments. These commitments are payable on demand and included in other liabilities. The table below summarizes the tax benefits, recognized in income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income, for the affordable housing tax credit investments accounted for under the PAM. Tax Benefits - PAM dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Amortization of affordable housing tax credit investments (1) $ 80 $ 64 Tax credits from affordable housing tax credit investments ( 80 ) ( 68 ) Other tax benefits from affordable housing tax credit investments ( 17 ) ( 7 ) Net income tax benefit from affordable housing tax credit investments (2) $ ( 17 ) $ ( 11 ) (1) Amortization is included in depreciation, amortization, and accretion, net, in cash flows from operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. (2) The net income tax benefit is included in cash flows from operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Changes in income taxes payable are reported in net change in other liabilities in cash flows from operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Other Tax Credit Investments Other tax credit investments at March 31, 2026 consisted of renewable energy tax credit investments accounted for under the HLBVM. We elected the deferral method for the tax credits and deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) related to HLBVM tax credit investments. Refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation of our 2025 Form 10-K for further discussion of the PAM, HLBVM, and deferral method. NOTE 10 — BORROWINGS Short-term Borrowings Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase BancShares held $ 170 million and $ 224 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, of securities sold under agreements to repurchase that have overnight contractual maturities and are collateralized by government agency securities. The weighted average interest rate for securities sold under agreements to repurchase was 0.33 % and 0.41 % at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. 31 BancShares utilizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs for collateralization of commercial customers and secure wholesale funding needs. Repurchase agreements are transactions whereby BancShares offers to sell to a counterparty an undivided interest in an eligible security at an agreed upon purchase price, and which obligates BancShares to repurchase the security at an agreed upon date, repurchase price and interest rate. These agreements are recorded at the amount of cash received in connection with the transactions and are reflected as securities sold under customer repurchase agreements. BancShares monitors collateral levels on a continuous basis and maintains records of each transaction specifically describing the applicable security and the counterparty’s fractional interest in that security, and segregates the security from general assets in accordance with regulations governing custodial holdings of securities. The primary risk with repurchase agreements is market risk associated with the investments securing the transactions, as additional collateral may be required based on fair value changes of the underlying investments. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with safekeeping agents. The carrying value of investment securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements was $ 207 million and $ 230 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Long-term Borrowings On March 3, 2026, the Parent Company issued and sold $ 500 million aggregate principal amount of its 4.869 % Fixed-to-Floating Rate Senior Notes due in 2032. In the first quarter of 2026, FCB made prepayments of $ 2.50 billion on the Purchase Money Note and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $ 8 million. In April 2026, we made an additional prepayment of $ 500 million. The following table presents long-term borrowings, net of the respective unamortized purchase accounting adjustments and issuance costs: Long-term Borrowings dollars in millions Maturity March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Parent Company: Senior: Fixed-to-Floating Senior Notes at 5.231 % (1) March 2031 $ 497 $ 497 Fixed-to-Floating Senior Notes at 4.869 % (2) March 2032 495 — Subordinated: Fixed Rate Reset Subordinated Notes at 5.600 % (3) September 2035 595 597 Fixed-to-Fixed Subordinated Notes at 6.254 % (4) March 2040 742 745 Subsidiaries: Senior: Fixed Senior Unsecured Notes at 6.000 % April 2036 58 58 Subordinated: Fixed Subordinated Notes at 6.125 % March 2028 427 430 Secured: Purchase Money Note to FDIC fixed at 3.500 % (5) March 2028 30,905 33,385 Capital lease obligations Maturities through May 2057 73 72 Total long-term borrowings $ 33,792 $ 35,784 (1) The fixed rate period will end March 12, 2030, and the notes will thereafter bear a floating interest rate equal to a benchmark rate based on the Compounded Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) Index Rate plus 141 basis points (“bps”) per annum until the maturity date (or date of earlier redemption). (2) The fixed rate period will end March 3, 2031, and the notes will thereafter bear a floating interest rate equal to a benchmark rate based on the Compounded SOFR Index Rate plus 148.7 bps per annum until the maturity date (or date of earlier redemption). (3) The interest rate will reset on September 5, 2030, and the notes will thereafter bear a fixed interest rate equal to the Five-year U.S. Treasury Rate as of the day falling two business days prior to the notes reset date plus 185 bps per annum until the maturity date (or date of earlier redemption). (4) The interest rate will reset on March 12, 2035, and the notes will thereafter bear a fixed interest rate equal to the Five-year U.S. Treasury Rate as of the day falling two business days prior to the notes reset date plus 197 bps per annum until the maturity date (or date of earlier redemption). (5) Issued in connection with the SVBB Acquisition. The unamortized discount was $ 95 million and $ 115 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Refer to Note 5—Loans and Leases for further information on loans pledged as collateral to secure borrowings. Pledged Assets Refer to the “Loans Pledged” section in Note 5—Loans and Leases for information on loans pledged as collateral to secure borrowings. Additionally, interest-earning deposits at banks included $ 194 million and $ 212 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, that were required minimum deposits under the Purchase Money Note. 32 NOTE 11 — DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Our derivatives designated as hedging instruments include interest rate swap contracts utilized to manage our interest rate exposure for items on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This includes floating-rate loan portfolio cash flow hedges and fair value hedges of our fixed-rate borrowings. Our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments mainly include interest rate and foreign exchange contracts that our customers utilized for their risk management needs. We typically manage our exposure to these customer derivatives by entering into offsetting or “back-to-back” interest rate and foreign exchange contracts with third-party dealers. Derivative instruments that are cleared through certain central counterparty clearing houses are settled-to-market and reported net of collateral positions. Refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation of our 2025 Form 10-K for accounting policies for derivatives. The following table presents notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments: Notional Amount and Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Notional Amount Asset Fair Value Liability Fair Value Notional Amount Asset Fair Value Liability Fair Value Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (Qualifying hedges) Fair Value Hedges Interest rate contracts hedging long-term borrowings $ 2,350 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Cash Flow Hedges Interest rate contracts hedging loans (1) (2) 5,000 — — 4,000 — — Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ 7,350 $ — $ — $ 4,000 $ — $ — Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (Non-qualifying hedges) Interest rate contracts (1) (2) $ 29,886 $ 356 $ ( 366 ) $ 28,741 $ 385 $ ( 381 ) Foreign exchange contracts (3) 8,893 114 ( 82 ) 8,912 122 ( 113 ) Other contracts (4) 1,390 28 — 1,485 27 — Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 40,169 $ 498 $ ( 448 ) $ 39,138 $ 534 $ ( 494 ) Gross derivatives fair values presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets $ 498 $ ( 448 ) $ 534 $ ( 494 ) Less: gross amount offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets — — — — Net amount included in other assets and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets $ 498 $ ( 448 ) $ 534 $ ( 494 ) (1) Fair value balances include accrued interest. (2) BancShares accounts for swap contracts cleared by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and LCH Clearnet as “settled-to-market.” As a result, the derivative asset and liability fair values in the table above are presented net of the variation margin payments. Refer to the table below for more information. (3) The foreign exchange contracts exclude foreign exchange spot contracts. The notional and net fair value amounts of these contracts were $ 253 million and $ 0 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2026, and $ 252 million and $ 0 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2025. (4) Other derivative contracts not designated as hedging instruments include risk participation agreements and equity warrants. 33 The following table presents the impact of variation margin netting (form of collateral payment when the underlying fair value changes) on derivative assets and liabilities: Variation Margin Payments dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Asset Fair Value Liability Fair Value Asset Fair Value Liability Fair Value Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (Qualifying hedges) Gross fair value $ 9 $ ( 18 ) $ 19 $ — Cleared trades, variation margin netting ( 9 ) 18 ( 19 ) — Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ — $ — $ — Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (Non-qualifying hedges) Gross fair value $ 565 $ ( 474 ) $ 596 $ ( 529 ) Cleared trades, variation margin netting ( 67 ) 26 ( 62 ) 35 Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 498 $ ( 448 ) $ 534 $ ( 494 ) Gross derivatives fair values presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets $ 498 $ ( 448 ) $ 534 $ ( 494 ) Amounts subject to master netting agreements (1) ( 100 ) 100 ( 118 ) 118 Cash collateral pledged (received) subject to master netting agreements (2) ( 266 ) 4 ( 204 ) 62 Total net derivative fair value $ 132 $ ( 344 ) $ 212 $ ( 314 ) (1) BancShares’ derivative transactions are governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) agreements that allow for net settlements of certain payments as well as offsetting of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event of bankruptcy or default of one of the two parties to the transaction. BancShares believes its ISDA agreements meet the definition of a master netting arrangement or similar agreement for purposes of the above disclosure. (2) In conjunction with the ISDA agreements described above, BancShares has entered into collateral arrangements with its counterparties, which provide for the exchange of cash depending on the change in the market valuation of the derivative contracts outstanding. Such collateral is available to be applied in settlement of the net balances upon an event of default of one of the counterparties. Collateral pledged or received is included in other assets or deposits, respectively. Fair Value Hedges The following table presents the impact of fair value hedges recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income: Recognized Gains (Losses) on Fair Value Hedges dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, Interest Expense 2026 2025 Gain (loss) on hedging instruments - time deposits Deposits $ — $ — (Loss) gain on hedging instruments - borrowings Borrowings ( 8 ) — Gain (loss) on hedged item - time deposits Deposits — — Gain (loss) on hedged item - borrowings Borrowings 8 1 Net gain (loss) on fair value hedges Total interest expense $ — $ 1 The following table presents the carrying value of hedged items and associated cumulative hedging adjustment related to fair value hedges as of March 31, 2026. There were no fair value hedges outstanding as of December 31, 2025. Carrying Value of Hedged Items dollars in millions Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Value of Hedged Items Carrying Value of Hedged Items Currently Designated No Longer Designated March 31, 2026 Long-term borrowings $ 2,329 $ 8 $ — 34 Cash Flow Hedges The following table presents the pretax unrealized gain on hedging instruments in cash flow hedges, which are reported in other comprehensive income, and the pretax amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to earnings: Unrealized Gain on Cash Flow Hedges dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Other comprehensive income on cash flow hedge derivatives before reclassifications $ ( 19 ) $ 12 Amounts reclassified from AOCI to earnings — ( 3 ) Other comprehensive income on cash flow hedge derivatives $ ( 19 ) $ 9 The following table presents other information for cash flow hedges: Other Information for Cash Flow Hedges dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge derivatives reported in AOCI, net of income taxes $ — $ 14 Estimate to be reclassified from AOCI to earnings during the next 12 months, net of income taxes (1) $ — $ 9 Maximum number of months over which forecasted cash flows are hedged (2) 26 27 (1) Reclassified amounts could differ from amounts actually recognized due to factors such as changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations and the addition of other hedges. (2) Maximum number of months is based on the latest maturity date of cash flow hedges outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Non-Qualifying Hedges The following table presents gains on non-qualifying hedges recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income: Gains (Losses) on Non-Qualifying Hedges dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, Amounts Recognized 2026 2025 Interest rate contracts Other noninterest income $ 4 $ ( 1 ) Foreign currency forward contracts (1) Other noninterest income 19 ( 19 ) Other contracts Other noninterest income 4 ( 1 ) Total non-qualifying hedges - income statement impact $ 27 $ ( 21 ) (1) This is primarily related to economic hedges of foreign currency risks arising from loans and other assets denominated in foreign currency. There is an offsetting impact within noninterest income for the foreign exchange revaluation of the associated assets denominated in foreign currency. NOTE 12 — FAIR VALUE Fair Value Hierarchy BancShares measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels. Assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value according to a fair value hierarchy comprised of three levels. The levels are based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The level within the fair value hierarchy for an asset or liability is based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement with Level 1 inputs considered highest and Level 3 inputs considered lowest. A brief description of each input level follows: • Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. • Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and inputs other than quoted prices observable for the assets or liabilities and market corroborated inputs. • Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. These unobservable inputs and assumptions reflect the estimates market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. 35 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value - Recurring Basis The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value - Recurring Basis dollars in millions March 31, 2026 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Investment securities available for sale U.S. Treasury $ 12,442 $ — $ 12,442 $ — Government agency 38 — 38 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 17,595 — 17,595 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,099 — 3,099 — Corporate bonds 128 — 108 20 Municipal bonds 12 — 12 — Total investment securities available for sale $ 33,314 $ — $ 33,294 $ 20 Marketable equity securities 130 50 80 — Loans held for sale 89 — 89 — Loans 24 — 24 — Derivative assets (1) Total qualifying hedge assets $ — $ — $ — $ — Interest rate contracts — non-qualifying hedges $ 356 $ — $ 353 $ 3 Foreign exchange contracts — non-qualifying hedges 114 — 114 — Other derivative contracts — non-qualifying hedges 28 — — 28 Total non-qualifying hedge assets $ 498 $ — $ 467 $ 31 Total derivative assets $ 498 $ — $ 467 $ 31 Liabilities Derivative liabilities (1) Interest rate contracts — qualifying hedges $ — $ — $ — $ — Interest rate contracts — non-qualifying hedges $ 366 $ — $ 366 $ — Foreign exchange contracts — non-qualifying hedges 82 — 82 — Other derivative contracts — non-qualifying hedges — — — — Total non-qualifying hedge liabilities $ 448 $ — $ 448 $ — Total derivative liabilities $ 448 $ — $ 448 $ — (1) Derivative fair values include accrued interest. 36 dollars in millions December 31, 2025 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Investment securities available for sale U.S. Treasury $ 10,673 $ — $ 10,673 $ — Government agency 43 — 43 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 17,623 — 17,623 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,299 — 3,299 — Corporate bonds 140 — 117 23 Municipal bonds 12 — 12 — Total investment securities available for sale $ 31,790 $ — $ 31,767 $ 23 Marketable equity securities 127 50 77 — Loans held for sale 87 — 87 — Loans 22 — 22 — Derivative assets (1) Total qualifying hedge assets $ — $ — $ — $ — Interest rate contracts — non-qualifying hedges $ 385 $ — $ 383 $ 2 Foreign exchange contracts — non-qualifying hedges 122 — 122 — Other derivative contracts — non-qualifying hedges 27 — — 27 Total non-qualifying hedge assets $ 534 $ — $ 505 $ 29 Total derivative assets $ 534 $ — $ 505 $ 29 Liabilities Derivative liabilities (1) Interest rate contracts — qualifying hedges $ — $ — $ — $ — Interest rate contracts — non-qualifying hedges $ 381 $ — $ 381 $ — Foreign exchange contracts — non-qualifying hedges 113 — 113 — Other derivative contracts — non-qualifying hedges — — — — Total non-qualifying hedge liabilities $ 494 $ — $ 494 $ — Total derivative liabilities $ 494 $ — $ 494 $ — (1) Derivative fair values include accrued interest. The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows: Investment securities available for sale . The fair value of U.S. Treasury, government agency, mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds, and a portion of the corporate bonds are generally estimated using a third-party pricing service. To obtain an understanding of the processes and methodologies used, management reviews correspondence from the third-party pricing service. Management also performs a price variance analysis process to corroborate the reasonableness of prices. The third-party provider evaluates securities based on comparable investments with trades and market data and will utilize pricing models which use a variety of inputs, such as benchmark yields, reported trades, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids and offers as needed. These securities are generally classified as Level 2. The remaining corporate bonds held are generally measured at fair value based on indicative bids from broker-dealers using inputs that are not directly observable. These securities are classified as Level 3. Marketable equity securities. Equity securities are measured at fair value using observable closing prices. Equity securities are classified as Level 1 if they are traded in an active market and as Level 2 if the observable closing price is from a less than active market. Loans and Loans held for sale. Certain residential real estate loans originated for sale to investors are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices for similar types of loans, which are considered Level 2 inputs. In instances when loans are not sold and subsequently transferred to portfolio, accounting at fair value is continued. Derivative Assets and Liabilities. Derivatives were valued using models that incorporate inputs depending on the type of derivative. Other than the fair value of equity warrants and credit derivatives, which were estimated using Level 3 inputs, most derivative instruments were valued using Level 2 inputs based on observed pricing for similar assets and liabilities and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Refer to Note 11—Derivative Financial Instruments for notional amounts and fair values. 37 The following tables summarize information about significant unobservable inputs related to BancShares’ categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis: Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements - Recurring Basis dollars in millions Financial Instrument Estimated Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Assets Corporate bonds $ 20 $ 23 Indicative bid provided by broker Multiple factors, including but not limited to, current operations, financial condition, cash flows, and recently executed financing transactions related to the issuer. Interest rate & other derivative — non-qualifying hedges $ 31 $ 29 Internal valuation model Multiple factors, including but not limited to, private company valuation, illiquidity discount, and estimated life of the instrument. The following table summarizes the changes in estimated fair value for all assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): Changes in Estimated Fair Value of Level 3 Financial Assets and Liabilities - Recurring Basis dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 Corporate Bonds Other Derivative Assets — Non-Qualifying Other Derivative Liabilities — Non-Qualifying Corporate Bonds Other Derivative Assets — Non-Qualifying Other Derivative Liabilities — Non-Qualifying Beginning balance $ 23 $ 29 $ — $ 168 $ 17 $ 1 Purchases — 1 — — 2 — Changes in fair value included in earnings — 3 — — 1 — Changes in fair value included in comprehensive income — — — — — — Transfers out — — — — — — Maturity and settlements ( 3 ) ( 2 ) — — ( 1 ) — Ending balance $ 20 $ 31 $ — $ 168 $ 19 $ 1 Fair Value Option The following table summarizes the difference between the aggregate fair value and the unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) for residential mortgage loans originated for sale measured at fair value: Aggregate Fair Value and UPB - Residential Mortgage Loans dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Fair Value Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Fair Value Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Originated loans held for sale (1) $ 113 $ 114 $ ( 1 ) $ 109 $ 109 $ — (1) Originated loans held for sale include loans held for sale and loans originated for sale but transferred to portfolio and held for investment. BancShares has elected the fair value option for residential mortgage loans originated for sale. This election reduces certain timing differences in the Consolidated Statements of Income and better aligns with the management of the portfolio from a business perspective. The changes in fair value that were recorded as a component of other noninterest income were insignificant for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Interest earned on originated loans held for sale is recorded within interest income on loans and leases in the Consolidated Statements of Income. No originated loans held for sale were 90 or more days past due or on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025. 38 Assets Measured at Estimated Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis Certain assets or liabilities are required to be measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis subsequent to initial recognition. Generally, these adjustments are the result of lower of cost or fair value (“LOCOM”) or other impairment accounting. The following table presents carrying value of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis for which gains and losses have been recorded in the periods. The gains and losses reflect amounts recorded for the respective periods, regardless of whether the asset is still held at period end. Assets Measured at Fair Value - Non-recurring Basis dollars in millions Fair Value Measurements Carrying Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Gains (Losses) March 31, 2026 Assets held for sale - loans $ 25 $ — $ — $ 25 $ ( 4 ) Loans - collateral dependent loans 192 — — 192 ( 44 ) Other real estate owned 55 — — 55 ( 1 ) Total $ 272 $ — $ — $ 272 $ ( 49 ) December 31, 2025 Assets held for sale - loans $ 5 $ — $ — $ 5 $ ( 7 ) Loans - collateral dependent loans 186 — — 186 ( 157 ) Other real estate owned 104 — — 104 — Total $ 295 $ — $ — $ 295 $ ( 164 ) Certain other assets are adjusted to their fair value on a non-recurring basis, including certain loans, OREO, and goodwill, which are periodically tested for impairment. Most loans held for investment, deposits, and borrowings are not reported at fair value. The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are as follows: Assets held for sale - loans. Loans held for investment subsequently transferred to held for sale are carried at the LOCOM. When available, the fair values for the transferred loans are based on quoted prices from the purchase commitments for the individual loans being transferred and are considered Level 1 inputs in instances where there is an active market, or Level 2 when there is no active market. The fair value of Level 2 assets may also be estimated based on prices of recent trades of similar assets. For other loans held for sale, the fair value of Level 3 assets was primarily measured under the income approach using the discounted cash flow model based on Level 3 inputs including discount rate or the price of committed trades. Gains and losses are recorded in noninterest income. Loans - collateral dependent loans. The population of Level 3 loans measured at fair value that are experiencing financial difficulty and measured on a non-recurring basis includes collateral-dependent loans evaluated individually. Collateral values are determined using appraisals or other third-party value estimates of the subject property discounted based on estimated selling costs, and adjustments for other external factors that may impact the marketability of the collateral. Gains and losses generally reflect the required net provision and charge-offs specific to the loans included in the population for the respective periods and are recorded in the provision for credit losses. Other real estate owned. OREO is carried at LOCOM. OREO asset valuations are determined by using appraisals or other third-party value estimates of the subject property with discounts, generally between 7 % and 14 %, applied for estimated selling costs and other external factors that may impact the marketability of the property. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the weighted average discount applied was 9.84 % and 7.86 %, respectively. Changes to the value of the assets between scheduled valuation dates are monitored through continued communication with brokers and monthly reviews by the asset manager assigned to each asset. If there are any significant changes in the market or the subject property, valuations are adjusted or new appraisals are ordered to ensure the reported values reflect the most current information. 39 Financial Instruments Fair Value The table below presents the carrying values and estimated fair values for financial instruments, excluding leases and certain other assets and liabilities for which these disclosures are not required. Carrying Values and Fair Values of Financial Assets and Liabilities dollars in millions March 31, 2026 Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial Assets Cash and due from banks $ 1,080 $ 1,080 $ — $ — $ 1,080 Interest-earning deposits at banks 23,189 23,189 — — 23,189 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 223 — 223 — 223 Investment in marketable equity securities 130 50 80 — 130 Investment securities available for sale 33,314 — 33,294 20 33,314 Investment securities held to maturity 9,542 — 8,360 — 8,360 Loans held for sale 1,118 — 733 385 1,118 Net loans 145,170 — 1,487 144,707 146,194 Accrued interest receivable 955 — 955 — 955 Federal Home Loan Bank stock 20 — 20 — 20 Mortgage servicing rights 33 — — 54 54 Derivative assets - non-qualifying hedges 498 — 467 31 498 Financial Liabilities Deposits with no stated maturity 157,599 — 157,599 — 157,599 Time deposits 13,243 — 13,223 — 13,223 Credit balances of factoring clients 1,284 — — 1,284 1,284 Securities sold under customer repurchase agreements 170 — 170 — 170 Long-term borrowings 33,719 — 33,641 — 33,641 Accrued interest payable 109 — 109 — 109 Derivative liabilities - non-qualifying hedges 448 — 448 — 448 December 31, 2025 Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial Assets Cash and due from banks $ 801 $ 801 $ — $ — $ 801 Interest-earning deposits at banks 19,801 19,801 — — 19,801 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 232 — 232 — 232 Investment in marketable equity securities 127 50 77 — 127 Investment securities available for sale 31,790 — 31,767 23 31,790 Investment securities held to maturity 9,647 — 8,491 — 8,491 Loans held for sale 799 — 781 18 799 Net loans 144,346 — 1,580 143,782 145,362 Accrued interest receivable 912 — 912 — 912 Federal Home Loan Bank stock 20 — 20 — 20 Mortgage servicing rights 32 — — 50 50 Derivative assets - non-qualifying hedges 534 — 505 29 534 Financial Liabilities Deposits with no stated maturity 150,342 — 150,342 — 150,342 Time deposits 11,236 — 11,227 — 11,227 Credit balances of factoring clients 1,148 — — 1,148 1,148 Securities sold under customer repurchase agreements 224 — 224 — 224 Long-term borrowings 35,712 — 35,795 — 35,795 Accrued interest payable 140 — 140 — 140 Derivative liabilities - non-qualifying hedges 494 — 494 — 494 40 The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments not discussed elsewhere are as follows: Interest-earning Deposits at Banks. The carrying value of interest-earning deposits at banks approximates its fair value due to its short-term nature and is classified on the fair value hierarchy as Level 1. The balances at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 included $ 194 million and $ 212 million, respectively, as a required minimum deposit under the Purchase Money Note. Net loans. The carrying value of net loans is net of the ALLL. Loans are generally valued by discounting expected cash flows using market inputs with adjustments based on cohort level assumptions for certain loan types as well as internally developed estimates at a business segment level. Due to the significance of the unobservable market inputs and assumptions, as well as the absence of a liquid secondary market for most loans, these loans are classified as Level 3. Certain loans are measured based on observable market prices sourced from external data providers and classified as Level 2. Nonaccrual loans are written down and reported at their estimated recovery value, which approximates their fair value, and classified as Level 3. Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell. The fair value of securities purchased under agreements to resell equal the carrying value due to the short term nature, generally overnight, and therefore present an insignificant risk of change in fair value due to changes in market interest rate, and classified as Level 2. Investment securities held to maturity. BancShares’ portfolio of debt securities held to maturity consists of mortgage-backed securities issued by government agencies and government sponsored entities, U.S. Treasury notes, unsecured bonds issued by government agencies and government sponsored entities, and securities issued by the Supranational Entities & Multilateral Development Banks. We primarily use prices obtained from pricing services to determine the fair value of securities, which are Level 2 inputs. FHLB stock. The carrying amount of FHLB stock is a reasonable estimate of fair value, as these securities are not readily marketable and are evaluated for impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. BancShares considers positive and negative evidence, including the profitability and asset quality of the issuer, dividend payment history and recent redemption experience, when determining the ultimate recoverability of the par value. BancShares investment in FHLB stock is ultimately recoverable at par. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for the FHLB stock are considered Level 2 inputs. Mortgage servicing rights. The fair value of mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) is determined using a pooling methodology. Similar loans are pooled together and a model which relies on discount rates, estimates of prepayment rates and the weighted average cost to service the loans is used to determine the fair value. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for MSRs are considered Level 3 inputs. Deposits. The estimated fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as demand deposit accounts, money market accounts, and savings accounts was the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of time deposits was estimated based on a discounted cash flow technique using Level 2 inputs appropriate to the contractual maturity. Credit balances of factoring clients. The impact of the time value of money from the unobservable discount rate for credit balances of factoring clients is inconsequential due to the short term nature of these balances, therefore, the fair value approximated carrying value, and the credit balances are classified as Level 3. Short-term borrowed funds. The fair value of short-term borrowed funds, which includes repurchase agreements, approximates carrying value and are classified as Level 2. Long-term borrowings. For certain long-term senior and subordinated unsecured borrowings, the fair values are sourced from a third-party pricing service. The fair values of other long-term borrowings are determined by discounting future cash flows using current interest rates for similar financial instruments. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for FHLB borrowings, senior and subordinated debentures, and other borrowings are classified as Level 2. For all other financial assets and financial liabilities, the carrying value is a reasonable estimate of the fair value as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The carrying value and fair value for these assets and liabilities are equivalent because they are relatively short-term in nature and there is no interest rate or credit risk that would cause the fair value to differ from the carrying value. Cash and due from banks is classified as Level 1. Accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable are classified as Level 2. 41 NOTE 13 — STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY A roll forward of common stock activity is presented in the following table: Number of Shares of Common Stock Common Stock Outstanding Class A Class B Common stock - December 31, 2025 11,133,974 1,005,185 Shares repurchased under authorized repurchase plan ( 449,845 ) — Common stock - March 31, 2026 10,684,129 1,005,185 Common Stock The Parent Company has Class A common stock and Class B common stock, each with a par value of $ 1 . Class A common stockholders have one vote per share while Class B common stockholders have 16 votes per share. Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock On February 5, 2026, the Parent Company issued and sold 6.625 % non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series E, for a total of $ 400 million. As of March 31, 2026, the Parent Company had Series A, Series B, Series C, Series D, and Series E non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock outstanding (together, “BancShares Preferred Stock”) as summarized in the following table: Preferred Stock dollars in millions, except per share, depositary share, and per depositary share data Preferred Stock Issuance Date Earliest Redemption Date Book Value (1) Par Value Per Share Shares Authorized, Issued and Outstanding Aggregate Liquidation Preference Liquidation Preference Per Share Depositary Shares (Fractional Interest) (2) Liquidation Preference Per Depositary Share Dividend Series A March 12, 2020 March 15, 2025 $ 340 $ 0.01 345,000 $ 345 $ 1,000 13,800,000 (1/40 th ) $ 25 5.375 % Series B (3) January 3, 2022 January 4, 2027 334 0.01 325,000 325 1,000 n/a n/a SOFR + 3.972 % Series C January 3, 2022 January 4, 2027 207 0.01 8,000,000 200 25 n/a n/a 5.625 % Series D (4) November 18, 2025 December 15, 2030 494 0.01 5,000 500 100,000 500,000 (1/100 th ) 1,000 7.000 % Series E (5) February 5, 2026 March 15, 2031 390 0.01 400,000 400 1,000 16,000,000 (1/40 th ) 25 6.625 % Total $ 1,765 9,075,000 $ 1,770 (1) The book value is net of direct issuance costs and premiums or discounts. (2) Each depositary share represents a fractional ownership interest in a share of non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock. (3) Upon conversion to SOFR in 2023, BancShares began paying a credit spread adjustment in addition to the stated dividend. (4) The dividend rate is 7.000 % per annum from the issuance date to, but excluding, the first reset date of December 15, 2030. Thereafter, the dividend rate resets to the five-year treasury rate plus 3.301 % on the fifth anniversary of the preceding reset date. (5) The initial dividend period will commence on and include the issuance date and will end on and include June 14, 2026. The dividend rate is 6.625 % per annum from the issuance date to, but excluding, the first reset date of March 15, 2031. Thereafter, the dividend rate resets to the five-year treasury rate plus 2.830 % on the fifth anniversary of the preceding reset date. Dividends on BancShares Preferred Stock will be paid when, as, and if declared by the Board of Directors of the Parent Company, or a duly authorized committee thereof, to the extent that the Parent Company has lawfully available funds to pay dividends. If declared, dividends with respect to the BancShares Preferred Stock will accrue and be payable quarterly in arrears on March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15 of each year. Dividends on the BancShares Preferred Stock will not be cumulative. At its option and subject to any required regulatory approval, the Parent Company may redeem the BancShares Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the “Liquidation Preference Per Share” in the table above, plus any applicable dividends, (i) in whole or in part on any dividend payment date on or after the “Earliest Redemption Date” in the table above, or (ii) in whole but not in part, at any time within 90 days following a regulatory capital treatment event. 42 NOTE 14 — ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME The following table includes the components of AOCI: Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Pretax Income Taxes Net of Income Taxes Pretax Income Taxes Net of Income Taxes Unrealized loss on securities available for sale $ ( 349 ) $ 73 $ ( 276 ) $ ( 162 ) $ 25 $ ( 137 ) Unrealized loss on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity ( 5 ) 1 ( 4 ) ( 5 ) 1 ( 4 ) Defined benefit pension items 280 ( 72 ) 208 282 ( 72 ) 210 Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge derivatives — — — 19 ( 5 ) 14 Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income $ ( 74 ) $ 2 $ ( 72 ) $ 134 $ ( 51 ) $ 83 The following table summarizes the changes in the components of AOCI, net of income taxes: Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income by Component dollars in millions Unrealized loss on securities available for sale Unrealized loss on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity Defined benefit pension items Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge derivatives Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income Balance as of December 31, 2025 $ ( 137 ) $ ( 4 ) $ 210 $ 14 $ 83 AOCI activity before reclassifications ( 139 ) — ( 2 ) ( 14 ) ( 155 ) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to earnings — — — — — Other comprehensive income for the period ( 139 ) — ( 2 ) ( 14 ) ( 155 ) Balance as of March 31, 2026 $ ( 276 ) $ ( 4 ) $ 208 $ — $ ( 72 ) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ ( 584 ) $ ( 4 ) $ 135 $ 8 $ ( 445 ) AOCI activity before reclassifications 239 — — 10 249 Amounts reclassified from AOCI to earnings — — — ( 3 ) ( 3 ) Other comprehensive (loss) income for the period 239 — — 7 246 Balance as of March 31, 2025 $ ( 345 ) $ ( 4 ) $ 135 $ 15 $ ( 199 ) Other Comprehensive Income The amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income are net of income taxes. The following table presents the pretax and after tax components of other comprehensive income: Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Pretax Income Taxes Net of Income Taxes Pretax Income Taxes Net of Income Taxes Income Statement Line Items Unrealized loss on securities available for sale: Other comprehensive (loss) income on securities available for sale $ ( 187 ) $ 48 $ ( 139 ) $ 322 $ ( 83 ) $ 239 Defined benefit pension items: Actuarial loss $ ( 2 ) $ — $ ( 2 ) $ — $ — $ — Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge derivatives: AOCI activity before reclassifications $ ( 19 ) $ 5 $ ( 14 ) $ 12 $ ( 2 ) $ 10 Amounts reclassified from AOCI to earnings — — — ( 3 ) — ( 3 ) Interest income on loans and leases Other comprehensive income on cash flow hedge derivatives $ ( 19 ) $ 5 $ ( 14 ) $ 9 $ ( 2 ) $ 7 Total other comprehensive income $ ( 208 ) $ 53 $ ( 155 ) $ 331 $ ( 85 ) $ 246 43 NOTE 15 — EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted earnings per common share: Earnings per Common Share dollars in millions, except share and per share data Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Net income $ 534 $ 483 Preferred stock dividends 26 15 Net income available to common stockholders $ 508 $ 468 Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic shares outstanding 11,924,899 13,575,231 Stock-based awards — — Diluted shares outstanding 11,924,899 13,575,231 Earnings per common share Basic and diluted $ 42.63 $ 34.47 NOTE 16 — INCOME TAXES BancShares’ global effective income tax rates (“ETRs”) were 24.3 % and 25.8 % for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The decrease in the ETR for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to 2025 was primarily due to a reduction in the state and local income tax rate and an increase in the benefit from tax credits. The quarterly income tax expense is based on a projection of BancShares’ annual ETR. This annual ETR is applied to the year-to-date consolidated pretax income to determine the interim provision for income taxes before discrete items. The ETR each period is also impacted by a number of factors, including the relative mix of domestic and international earnings, effects of changes in enacted tax laws, adjustments to the valuation allowances, and discrete items. The currently forecasted ETR may vary from the actual year-end 2026 ETR due to the changes in these factors. Uncertain Tax Benefits BancShares recognizes tax benefits when it is more likely than not that the position will prevail, based solely on the technical merits under the tax law of the relevant jurisdiction. BancShares will recognize the tax benefit if the position meets this recognition threshold determined based on the largest amount of the benefit that is more than likely to be recognized. Deferred Tax Assets and Valuation Adjustments BancShares’ ability to recognize DTAs is evaluated on a quarterly basis to determine if there are any significant events that would affect our ability to utilize existing DTAs. If events are identified that affect our ability to utilize our DTAs, changes to the valuation allowance may be required. NOTE 17 — EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS BancShares sponsors non-contributory defined benefit pension plans and supplemental and executive retirement plans for its qualifying employees. The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is included in salaries and wages, while all other non-service cost components are included in other noninterest expense. The components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows: Net Periodic Benefit Costs dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Service cost $ 2 $ 2 Interest cost 16 16 Expected return on assets ( 25 ) ( 24 ) Total net periodic benefit $ ( 7 ) $ ( 6 ) 44 NOTE 18 — SEGMENT INFORMATION BancShares’ segments include the General Bank, the Commercial Bank, and Rail. All other financial information not included in the segments is reported in the Corporate section of the segment disclosures. We do not aggregate multiple operating segments into a reportable segment. Therefore, each of our operating segments are reportable segments. Under our segment expense allocation methodology, allocated expenses increase noninterest expense of the applicable segment(s), with an offsetting decrease to Corporate noninterest expense. “All other noninterest expense” in the segment reporting tables below includes the effect of allocated expenses, resulting in a reduction to expense (or “Contra Expense”) for Corporate. General Bank The General Bank segment delivers products and services to consumer and small business clients through our extensive network of branches and various digital channels. We offer a full suite of deposit products, loans (primarily residential mortgages and business and commercial loans), cash management, private banking, wealth management, payment services, and treasury services. We offer conforming and jumbo residential mortgage loans throughout the United States that are primarily originated through branches and retail referrals, employee referrals, internet leads, direct marketing and a correspondent lending channel, as well as through our private banking teams. Our wealth and private banking business offers a customized suite of products and services to individuals and institutional clients, as well as private equity and venture capital professionals and executive leaders of the innovation companies they support. Offerings include brokerage, investment advisory, private stock loans, other secured and unsecured lending products and vineyard development loans, as well as planning-based financial strategies, family office, financial planning, tax planning and trust services. The General Bank segment also includes a community association bank business that supports deposit, cash management and lending to homeowner associations and property management companies. Revenue is primarily generated from interest income on loans and leases. Noninterest income is primarily generated from fees for banking and advisory services, including lending-related fees, most of the deposit fees and service charges and cardholder services, along with essentially all of the wealth management services income. We primarily originate loans by utilizing our branch network and industry referrals, as well as direct digital marketing efforts. We derive our SBA loans through a network of SBA originators. We periodically purchase loans on a whole-loan basis. We also invest in community development that supports the construction of affordable housing in our communities in line with our Community Reinvestment Act initiatives. Commercial Bank The Commercial Bank segment provides a range of lending, leasing, capital markets, asset management, and other financial and advisory services, primarily tailored to commercial and middle market companies in a wide range of industries, including energy, healthcare, technology media and telecommunications, maritime, and aerospace and defense. Loans offered are primarily senior secured loans collateralized by accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, and/or intangibles, and are often used for working capital, plant expansion, acquisitions, or recapitalizations. These loans include revolving lines of credit and term loans and, depending on the nature of the collateral, may be referred to as collateral-backed loans, asset-based loans or cash flow loans. We provide senior secured loans to developers and other commercial real estate professionals. Additionally, we provide business loans and leases, including both capital and operating leases, through a highly automated credit approval, documentation and funding process. Commercial Bank also includes products and services offered to commercial clients and investors across stages, sectors and regions in the innovation ecosystem, as well as private equity and venture capital firms. Loan products are offered through Global Fund Banking and Technology and Healthcare Banking and consist of capital call lines of credit, investor dependent loans, and commercial and industrial loans made primarily to technology, life science and healthcare companies. We also provide factoring, receivable management, supply chain financing, and secured financing to businesses that operate in several industries. These include apparel, textile, furniture, home furnishings, and consumer electronics. See further disclosure on factoring in Note 21—Segment Information in our 2025 Form 10-K. Revenue is primarily generated from interest income on loans and leases. Noninterest income is mostly generated from rental income on operating lease equipment, lending-related fees, including most of the capital market fees and international fees, essentially all of the client investment fees, and other revenue from banking services. Noninterest income also includes all of the commissions earned on factoring-related activities. We derive our commercial lending business through direct marketing to borrowers, lessees, manufacturers, vendors, and distributors, as well as through our private equity and venture capital relationships. We also utilize referrals as a source for commercial lending business and may periodically buy participations or syndications of loans and lines of credit, or purchase loans on a whole-loan basis. 45 Rental income and depreciation expense on operating lease equipment is related to small and large ticket equipment we own and lease to others. Rental income is generally influenced by the size of the operating lease portfolio. Operating lease equipment is subject to depreciation expense over the useful life of the small and large ticket equipment, which is generally 3 - 10 years. We offer a full suite of commercial deposit products and services through online and mobile banking platforms, as well as physical locations. Rail The Rail segment offers customized leasing and financing solutions on a fleet of railcars and locomotives to railroads and shippers throughout North America. Railcar types include covered hopper cars used to ship grain and agricultural products, plastic pellets, sand, and cement; tank cars for energy products and chemicals; gondolas for coal, steel coil and mill service products; open-top hopper cars for coal and aggregates; boxcars for paper and auto parts; and centerbeams and flat cars for lumber. Revenue is generated primarily from rental income on operating lease equipment, which is included in noninterest income, and to a lesser extent, gains on sale of leasing equipment. Rental income is generally influenced by the size of the operating lease portfolio, utilization of the railcars, re-pricing of equipment renewed upon lease maturities, and pricing on new leases. Re-pricing refers to the rental rate in the renewed equipment contract compared to the prior contract. Operating lease equipment is subject to depreciation expense over the useful life of the rail equipment, which is generally longer in duration, 40 - 50 years. The Rail segment leases railcars, primarily pursuant to full-service lease contracts under which we, as lessor, are responsible for railcar maintenance and repair. Maintenance and other operating lease expenses relate to equipment ownership and leasing costs associated with the railcar portfolio and tend to be variable due to timing and the number of railcars coming on or off lease as well as asset condition. Corporate All other financial information not included in the segments is reported in Corporate. Corporate contains BancShares’ centralized treasury function, which manages the investment security portfolio, interest-earning deposits at banks and corporate/wholesale funding (e.g., borrowings, Direct Bank deposits and brokered deposits). Corporate deposits are primarily comprised of Direct Bank deposits. Corporate includes interest income on investment securities and interest-earning deposits at banks; interest expense for borrowings, Direct Bank deposits, and brokered deposits; as well as funds transfer pricing allocations. Noninterest income includes gains or losses on sales of investment securities, fair value adjustments on marketable equity securities, and income from bank owned life insurance. Personnel cost in Corporate includes the personnel costs not allocated to the operating segments. Corporate includes acquisition-related expenses and certain items related to accounting for business combinations, such as gains on acquisitions, and discount accretion income for certain acquired loans. Corporate also includes the offsetting impacts of allocated expenses as discussed above. 46 Segment Results and Select Period End Balances The following tables present the condensed income statements by segment and include the significant segment expenses and measure of segment profit or loss. dollars in millions Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 General Bank Commercial Bank Rail Corporate (1) BancShares (2) Net interest income (expense) $ 813 $ 802 $ ( 58 ) $ 64 $ 1,621 Rental income on operating lease equipment — 55 226 — 281 All other noninterest income 172 230 9 — 411 Total noninterest income 172 285 235 — 692 Total revenue 985 1,087 177 64 2,313 Depreciation on operating lease equipment — 43 58 — 101 Maintenance and other operating lease expenses — — 65 — 65 Personnel cost 215 199 8 447 869 Acquisition-related expenses — — — 5 5 All other noninterest expense (3) 385 404 17 ( 310 ) 496 Total noninterest expense 600 646 148 142 1,536 Provision for credit losses 17 55 — — 72 Income (loss) before income taxes 368 386 29 ( 78 ) 705 Income tax expense (benefit) 90 95 7 ( 21 ) 171 Net income (loss) $ 278 $ 291 $ 22 $ ( 57 ) $ 534 Select Period End Balances Loans and leases $ 64,367 $ 84,263 $ 62 $ — $ 148,692 Operating lease equipment, net — 717 8,968 — 9,685 Investment securities — — — 42,986 42,986 Deposits 75,914 47,191 2 47,735 170,842 Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 General Bank Commercial Bank Rail Corporate (1) BancShares (2) Net interest income (expense) $ 788 $ 786 $ ( 52 ) $ 141 $ 1,663 Rental income on operating lease equipment — 56 214 — 270 All other noninterest income 164 201 2 ( 2 ) 365 Total noninterest income 164 257 216 ( 2 ) 635 Total revenue 952 1,043 164 139 2,298 Depreciation on operating lease equipment — 44 54 — 98 Maintenance and other operating lease expenses — — 58 — 58 Personnel cost 210 190 8 410 818 Acquisition-related expenses — — — 42 42 All other noninterest expense (3) 355 420 14 ( 312 ) 477 Total noninterest expense 565 654 134 140 1,493 Provision for credit losses 46 108 — — 154 Income (loss) before income taxes 341 281 30 ( 1 ) 651 Income tax expense 88 72 8 — 168 Net income (loss) $ 253 $ 209 $ 22 $ ( 1 ) $ 483 Select Period End Balances Loans and leases $ 64,847 $ 76,449 $ 62 $ — $ 141,358 Operating lease equipment, net — 731 8,640 — 9,371 Investment securities — — — 44,319 44,319 Deposits 74,309 40,014 12 44,990 159,325 (1) Corporate includes all other financial information that is not included in the reportable segments. (2) In the segment reporting table above, there are no reconciling differences between BancShares and the aggregate of all reportable segments and Corporate. (3) All other noninterest expense represents “other segment items” under Accounting Standards Codification 280 and primarily includes allocated expenses, net occupancy expense, equipment expense, professional fees, third-party processing fees, FDIC insurance expense, marketing expense, and intangible amortization. All other noninterest expense is presented net of allocated expenses in the segment reporting table above, resulting in Contra Expense for Corporate as further discussed above. 47 NOTE 19 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Commitments To meet the financing needs of its customers, BancShares and its subsidiaries have financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments involve elements of credit, interest rate or liquidity risk and include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. The accompanying table summarizes credit-related commitments and other purchase and funding commitments: dollars in millions March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Financing Commitments Financing assets (excluding leases) $ 52,771 $ 51,726 Letters of Credit Financial standby letters of credit 2,688 2,583 Other letters of credit 182 227 Deferred Purchase Agreements 1,584 1,723 Purchase and Funding Commitments (1) 145 102 (1) BancShares’ purchase and funding commitments relate to the Rail segment commitments to fund railcar manufacturer purchase and upgrade commitments. Financing Commitments Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to customers. These commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of fees. Established credit standards control the credit risk exposure associated with these commitments. In some cases, BancShares requires collateral be pledged to secure the commitment, including cash deposits, securities and other assets. Financing commitments, referred to as net unfunded loan commitments or lines of credit, primarily reflect BancShares’ agreements to lend to its customers, subject to the customers’ compliance with contractual obligations. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, substantially all undrawn financing commitments were senior facilities. Financing commitments also include $ 299 million and $ 360 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, related to off-balance sheet commitments to fund other tax credit investments and other unconsolidated investments. These off-balance sheet investment commitments are contingent on events that have yet to occur and may be subject to change. As financing commitments may not be fully drawn, may expire unused, may be reduced or canceled at the customer’s request, and may require the customer to be in compliance with certain conditions, commitment amounts do not necessarily reflect actual future cash flow requirements. The table above excludes uncommitted revolving credit facilities extended by Commercial Services to its clients for working capital purposes. In connection with these facilities, Commercial Services has the sole discretion throughout the duration of these facilities to determine the amount of credit that may be made available to its clients at any time and whether to honor any specific advance requests made by its clients under these credit facilities. Letters of Credit Standby letters of credit are commitments to pay the beneficiary thereof if drawn upon by the beneficiary upon satisfaction of the terms of the letter of credit. Those commitments are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. To mitigate its risk, BancShares’ credit policies govern the issuance of standby letters of credit. The credit risk related to the issuance of these letters of credit is essentially the same as in extending loans to clients and, therefore, these letters of credit are collateralized when necessary. These financial instruments generate fees and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred Purchase Agreements A deferred purchase agreement (“DPA”) is provided in conjunction with factoring, whereby a client is provided with credit protection for trade receivables without purchasing the receivables. The trade receivables terms generally require payment in 90 days or less. If the client’s customer is unable to pay an undisputed receivable solely as the result of credit risk, BancShares is then required to purchase the receivable from the client, less any borrowings for such client based on such defaulted receivable. The outstanding amount in the table above, less $ 152 million and $ 211 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, of borrowings for such clients, is the maximum amount that BancShares would be required to pay under all DPAs. This maximum amount would only occur if all receivables subject to DPAs default in the manner described above, thereby requiring BancShares to purchase all such receivables from the DPA clients. 48 The table above includes $ 1.58 billion and $ 1.71 billion of DPA exposures at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, related to receivables on which BancShares has assumed the credit risk. The table also includes $ 4 million and $ 13 million available under DPA credit line agreements provided at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The DPA credit line agreements specify a contractually committed amount of DPA credit protection and are cancellable by us only after a notice period, which is typically 90 days or less. Litigation and Other Contingencies The Parent Company and certain of its subsidiaries have been named as a defendant in legal actions arising from its normal business activities in which damages in various amounts are claimed. BancShares is also exposed to litigation risk relating to the prior business activities of banks from which assets were acquired and liabilities assumed. BancShares is involved, and from time to time in the future may be involved, in a number of pending and threatened judicial, regulatory, and arbitration proceedings as well as proceedings, investigations, examinations and other actions brought or considered by governmental and self-regulatory agencies. These matters arise in connection with the ordinary conduct of BancShares’ business. At any given time, BancShares may also be in the process of responding to subpoenas, requests for documents, data and testimony relating to such matters and engaging in discussions to resolve the matters (all of the foregoing collectively being referred to as “Litigation”). While most Litigation relates to individual claims, BancShares may be subject to putative class action claims and similar broader claims and indemnification obligations. In light of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of Litigation matters and indemnification obligations, particularly when such matters are in their early stages or where the claimants seek indeterminate damages, BancShares cannot state with confidence what the eventual outcome of the pending Litigation will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the eventual loss, fines, or penalties related to each pending matter will be, if any. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, BancShares’ establishes reserves for Litigation when those matters present loss contingencies as to which it is both probable that a loss will occur and the amount of such loss can reasonably be estimated. The actual results of resolving such matters may be substantially higher than the amounts reserved. For certain Litigation matters for which a loss is probable or reasonably possible, BancShares is able to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses in excess of any established reserve, or for which there is no established reserve. Management currently estimates an aggregate range of reasonably possible losses to be up to approximately $ 25 million in excess of any established reserves. This estimate represents reasonably possible losses (in excess of any established reserves) over the life of such Litigation, which may span a currently indeterminable number of years, and is based on information currently available as of March 31, 2026. The Litigation matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from this estimate. For certain other Litigation matters for which a loss is probable or reasonably possible, BancShares is not able to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses. Based on information currently available as of March 31, 2026, those Litigation matters for which BancShares is not able to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses or as to which a loss does not appear to be reasonably possible are not included within this estimated range and, therefore, this estimated range does not represent BancShares’ maximum loss exposure. The foregoing statements about BancShares’ Litigation are based on BancShares’ judgments, assumptions, and estimates and are necessarily subjective and uncertain. In the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these cases, matters, and proceedings, if unfavorable, may be material to BancShares’ consolidated financial position in a particular period. 49