Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of EVgo’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The discussion should be read in conjunction with EVgo’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 contained in the Annual Report. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve numerous risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause EVgo’s actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations due to a number of factors, including those discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report. Factors which could cause such differences are discussed therein.
Overview
EVgo is a key leader in charging solutions, building and operating the infrastructure and tools to expedite the mass adoption of EVs for individual drivers, rideshare and commercial fleets, and businesses. Since 2019 EVgo has purchased renewable energy certificates to match the electricity that powers its network.
EVgo has a flexible business model that derives value through multiple revenue streams. The foundation of the Company’s business is the development and operation of EV charging sites through which it dispenses electricity to EVs driven by individuals, commercial drivers, and fleet operators. EVgo’s core revenue stream is from the provision of charging services for EVs of all types on EVgo’s network. In addition, a variety of business-to-business commercial relationships provide EVgo with revenue or cash payments based on commitments to build new infrastructure, provide guaranteed access to charging, and offer marketing, data and software-driven services. EVgo also earns revenue from the sale of regulatory credits generated through sales of electricity and its operation and ownership of its DCFC network. EVgo believes this combination of revenue streams can drive long-term margin expansion and customer retention.
Specifically, revenue is earned through the following streams:
● Charging Revenue, Retail: EVgo sells electricity directly to drivers who access EVgo’s publicly available networked chargers. Various pricing plans exist for customers and drivers have the choice to charge as members (with monthly fees and reduced per-minute or kWh pricing) through a subscription service, or as non-members. Drivers can locate the chargers through EVgo’s mobile application, their vehicle’s in-dash navigation system or third-party databases that license charger-location information from EVgo. EVgo generally installs its chargers in parking spaces owned or leased by commercial or public-entity Site Hosts that desire to provide EV charging services at their respective locations. Commercial Site Hosts include retail and grocery stores, hotels, offices, medical complexes, airports and convenience stores. EVgo believes its offerings are well aligned with the goals of Site Hosts, as many commercial businesses increasingly view EV charging capabilities as essential to attract tenants, employees, customers and visitors, and achieve sustainability goals. Site Hosts are generally able to obtain these benefits at no cost when partnering with EVgo through EVgo’s owner and/or operator model, as EVgo is responsible for the installation and operation of chargers located on Site Hosts’ properties. In many cases, Site Hosts will earn additional revenue from license payments made by the Company in exchange for use of the site.
● Charging Revenue, Commercial : High volume fleet customers, such as transportation network companies or delivery services, can access EVgo’s charging infrastructure through EVgo’s public network. Pricing for charging services is most often negotiated directly between EVgo and the fleet owner based on the business needs and usage patterns of the fleet. In these arrangements EVgo contracts with and bills, either the fleet owner directly or an individual fleet driver utilizing EVgo’s chargers. Access to EVgo’s public network allows fleet and rideshare operators to support mass adoption of transportation electrification and achieve sustainability goals without needing to directly invest capital in charging infrastructure or incur operating costs associated with charging equipment.
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● In addition to offering access to its public network, EVgo offers dedicated charging solutions to fleets. As part of this offering, EVgo typically builds, owns and operates charging infrastructure for the exclusive use of a dedicated customer and is currently offering flexible ownership models, such as its charging as a service (“ChaaS”) offering. EVgo’s dedicated and ChaaS offerings provide a value proposition for fleets who might otherwise feel compelled to procure, install and manage their own electric vehicle supply equipment. EVgo offers a variety of pricing models for its dedicated charging solutions, including a mix of volumetric commitments and variable and fixed payments to EVgo for provision of its services. ChaaS and dedicated charging allow for tailored fleet charging solutions without requiring fleets to directly incur capital expenditures or operating and management costs related to charging EVs. Together, EVgo’s dedicated charging solutions and public fleet charging services provide fleets with a more robust and flexible charging solution.
● Charging Revenue, OEM : EVgo is a key leader in OEM charging programs with revenue models to meet a wide variety of OEM objectives related to the availability of charging infrastructure and the provision of charging services for EV drivers. EVgo contracts directly with OEMs to provide charging services to drivers who have purchased or leased such OEMs’ EVs and who access EVgo’s public charger network, to expand EVgo’s network of owned DCFCs and to provide other related services. Other related services currently provided to OEMs by EVgo include co-marketing, data services and digital application services. EVgo views its OEM relationships as a core customer acquisition channel.
● Regulatory Credit Sales : As a charging station owner and operator, EVgo earns regulatory credits, such as Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”) credits and other regulatory credits, in states where such programs are enacted currently, including the Fast Charging Infrastructure (“FCI”) program in California. These credits are generated through charging station operations based on the volume of kWh sold. EVgo earns additional revenue through the sale of these credits to buyers obligated to purchase the credits to comply with the program mandates.
● Network Revenue, OEM: This revenue stream represents revenue related to contracts that have significant charger infrastructure build programs, which represent set-up costs under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Proceeds from these contracts are allocated to performance obligations including marketing activities, memberships, reservations and the expiration of unused charging credits. Marketing activities are recognized at a point in time as the services are performed and measurement is based on amounts spent. For memberships and reservations, revenue is recognized over time and measured based on the charging activity of subscriber members at each measurement period. Any unused charging credits are recognized as breakage using the proportional method or, for programs where there is not enough information to determine the pattern of rights exercised by the customer, the remote method.
● eXtend Revenue : Through EVgo eXtend, EVgo provides hardware, design, and construction services for charging sites, as well as ongoing operations, maintenance and networking and software integration solutions, while EVgo’s customers purchase and retain ownership of the charging assets. For some eXtend customers, EVgo also provides grant application support and related services. In 2022, EVgo announced an eXtend deal with the Pilot Company to deploy up to 2,000 fast charging stalls that the Pilot Company will own and EVgo will build, network, operate and maintain.
● Ancillary Revenue : EVgo offers a variety of software-driven digital, development and operations services to its customers. EVgo has offerings that currently include customization of digital applications, charging data integration, micro-targeted advertising services, smart charging reservations, loyalty programs, access to chargers behind parking lot pay gates, and equipment procurement and operations services for customers operating dedicated networks. EVgo also continues to evaluate and engage on potential market opportunities beyond these business models.
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Recent Developments
Geopolitical and Macroeconomic Environment
During the last several years, the global economy has experienced disruption and sustained volatility due to a number of factors. For example, Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent sanctions imposed on Russia, Belarus, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, and an escalation of tensions and conflict in Israel and the broader Middle East region, have led to and will likely continue to lead to, geopolitical instability, market uncertainty and supply disruptions. Additionally, rising inflation has increased operating costs for many businesses and, together with slowing economic growth and fear of a recession, has led governments to change monetary policy in response. Finally, concerns regarding the stability of the U.S. and international financial systems has raised concerns regarding potential losses of financial assets; the potential loss of access to working capital sources and access to favorable commercial financing terms (including terms related to interest rates and restrictive financial or operating covenants); and systemic limitations on access to credit and liquidity sources.
The current economic environment remains uncertain and the extent to which EVgo’s operating and financial results for future periods will be impacted by the conflicts in Ukraine, Israel and the broader Middle East region, rates of inflation, instability in the financial services sector, supply-chain disruptions, government efforts to reduce inflation and any recession will largely depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. In addition, continued long lead times of grid equipment such as transformers may impact EVgo’s development cycle.
Government EV Initiatives
In order to encourage the use of EVs, the U.S. federal government and some state and local governments provide incentives to end users and purchasers of EVs and EV charging stations in the form of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives that promote EV adoption and related EV charging infrastructure. EVgo believes the increase in promotion of EVs and the installation of related EV charging infrastructure will continue in part due to the ongoing implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (the “Bipartisan Infrastructure Law”) and the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Inflation Reduction Act”), which included extensions, expansions and revisions of various tax credits relating to EVs and EV charging infrastructure and may provide more flexibility and options in monetizing such credits. In particular, the Inflation Reduction Act (i) expanded and extended tax credits for EV charging infrastructure and new EVs while also imposing new limitations and requirements for such credits, (ii) introduced tax credits for used EVs and commercial EVs and (iii) introduced the concept of transferability for certain tax credits, providing an additional option to monetize such credits.
However, the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act and other government EV initiatives, including regulatory requirements and restrictions that may impact the ability of EVgo and its competitors to take advantage of such initiatives, cannot be known with any certainty at this time, and EVgo may not reap any or all of the expected benefits of the Inflation Reduction Act or the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. For example, f ederal guidance on Buy America requirements (effective as of March 23, 2023) applicable to the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (“NEVI”) Program, which was established by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, requires immediate domestic assembly and U.S. steel requirements for chargers to qualify for funding under the NEVI program, with higher domestic content percentages required in 2024. EVgo’s suppliers may experience delays in bringing their U.S. facilities online, and EVgo may be unable to source Buy America-compliant chargers in time to take advantage of early NEVI funding opportunities or only at increased costs. EVgo may be at a disadvantage to competitors that have already implemented domestic assembly and content standards into their supply chain. EVgo’s customers may request delays or adjustments to their build-out plans in order to accommodate these added Buy America requirements, which could result in delays in receipt of revenue from customers. Similarly, regulations proposed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury on March 31, 2023, to implement domestic content and assembly eligibility requirements to qualify for EV tax credits passed in the Inflation Reduction Act, once finalized, may reduce incentives available to encourage the adoption of EVs, which could negatively affect the EV market and adversely impact EVgo’s business operations and expansion potential.
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In addition to NEVI funding, which will be made available to every state department of transportation to administer grant programs to support the deployment of charging infrastructure, states including (but not limited to) California, Colorado, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York also offer various rebates, grants and tax credits to incentivize both EV and EVSE purchases. Additionally, in many states, utilities offer rebates or other incentive programs, typically called “make-ready” programs, to incent the development of EV charging infrastructure.
Leadership Succession Plan
On August 2, 2023, EVgo announced that the Board of Directors has appointed Badar Khan, a member of the Board of Directors, to succeed Catherine Zoi as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, effective on or about November 9, 2023.
Key Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
EVgo’s revenue is generated across various business lines. The majority of EVgo’s revenue is generated from the sale of charging services, which are comprised of retail, commercial and OEM business lines, and its eXtend offering. In addition, EVgo generates ancillary revenue through the sale of data services and consumer retail services. EVgo also offers network services to OEM customers, including memberships and marketing. Finally, as a result of owning and operating the EV charging stations, EVgo earns regulatory credits such as LCFS credits, which are sold to generate additional revenue.
Cost of Sales
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue consists primarily of energy usage fees, site operating and maintenance expenses, warranty and repair services, and site lease and rent expense associated with charging equipment.
Depreciation, Net of Capital-Build Amortization. Depreciation, net of capital-build amortization, consists of depreciation related to EVgo’s property and equipment associated with charging equipment and installation and is partially offset by the amortization of EVgo’s capital-build liabilities associated with third-party funding received for charging stations and other programs.
Gross Profit (Loss) and Gross Margin
Gross profit (loss) consists of EVgo’s revenue less its cost of revenue and depreciation, net of capital-build amortization. Gross margin is gross profit (loss) as a percentage of revenue.
Operating Expenses
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of payroll and related personnel expenses, IT and office services, customer service and network charges, office rent expense and professional services. EVgo expects its general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars as it continues to grow its business. EVgo also expects to continue to incur additional expenses related to compliance and reporting obligations pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, general insurance and directors’ and officers’ insurance, investor relations and other professional services.
Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion. Depreciation, amortization and accretion consists of depreciation related to EVgo’s property, equipment and software not associated with charging equipment and, therefore, not included in the depreciation, net of capital-build amortization expenses recorded in cost of sales. This also includes amortization of EVgo’s intangible assets and accretion related to EVgo’s asset retirement obligations.
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Operating Profit (Loss) and Operating Margin
Operating profit (loss) consists of EVgo’s gross profit or loss less general and administrative expenses and depreciation, amortization and accretion in operating expenses. Operating margin is operating profit (loss) as a percentage of revenue.
Interest Income
Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and debt securities.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net, consists primarily of unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities.
Change in Fair Values of Warrant and Earnout Liabilities
The change in the fair values of the warrant and earnout liabilities reflects the mark-to-market adjustments associated with warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and earnout liabilities for each reporting period.
Income Taxes
EVgo’s provision for income taxes consists primarily of income taxes related to federal and state jurisdictions where business is conducted related to the Company’s ownership in EVgo OpCo.
Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Net (loss) income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the share of net income or loss that is attributable to EVgo’s Class B common stock held by EVgo Holdings.
Key Performance Indicators
EVgo management uses several performance metrics to manage the business and evaluate financial and operating performance:
Network Throughput on the EVgo Network
Network throughput represents the total amount of GWh that is consumed by EVs using chargers and charging stations that EVgo has operational on its network (excluding eXtend chargers and charging stations) (the “EVgo Network”). EVgo typically monitors GWh sales by three components: business line, customer and customer class. EVgo believes monitoring of component trends and contributions is the appropriate way to monitor and measure business-related health.
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Number of DC Stalls on the EVgo Network
Number of DC stalls represents the total number of DC stalls (energized, inspected and commissioned) on the EVgo Network (“DC Stalls”). One stall can charge one vehicle at a time. There are certain configurations of EVgo sites where one DC charger is capable of charging only one vehicle at a time; all chargers at such a site are counted as one stall per one charger. There are certain configurations of EVgo sites where one DC charger is capable of charging two vehicles simultaneously; all chargers at such a site are counted as two stalls per one charger. The following table presents network throughput and the number of DC Stalls on the EVgo Network:
September 30,
2023
2022
Network throughput (GWh) for the three months ended
37
12
Network throughput (GWh) for the nine months ended
80
30
Number of DC Stalls on EVgo Network (in thousands) as of
2.7
2.1
Receipts
EVgo defines Receipts as total revenue plus the change in deferred revenue over the same period. Pursuant to the term of certain OEM contracts, EVgo is paid well in advance of when revenue can be recognized according to ASC 606; usually, the payment is tied to the number of stalls that commence operations under the applicable contract arrangement. EVgo believes that its Receipts metric provides investors valuable insight into cash that has been generated from EVgo’s customers and EVgo’s periodic performance. EVgo uses Receipts to monitor and measure EVgo’s commercial performance, liquidity and growth as EVgo’s OEM customers pay EVgo in advance for placing stalls in operation and then EVgo recognizes a portion of the related revenue over time.
The following table presents the calculation of Receipts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2023
2022
2023
2022
GAAP revenue 1
$
35,107
$
10,509
$
110,959
$
27,285
GAAP changes in deferred revenue 2
7,216
4,116
26,155
3,544
Total Receipts
$
42,323
$
14,625
$
137,114
$
30,829
Year-over-year percentage change in total Receipts
189%
345%
1 As reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
2 As reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Factors Affecting EVgo’s Operating Results
EVgo believes its performance and future success depend on a number of factors, including those discussed below and in “ Part II, Item 1A., Risk Factors. ”
EV Sales
EVgo’s revenue growth is directly tied to the adoption and continued acceptance and usage of passenger and commercial EVs, which it believes drives the demand for electricity, charging infrastructure and charging services. The market for EVs is still rapidly evolving and, although demand for EVs has grown in recent years, there is no guarantee of such future demand. Additionally, as demand increases, the supply must keep pace for adoption to continue to accelerate at a rapid pace.
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Factors impacting the adoption of EVs include perceptions about EV features, quality, safety, performance and cost; perceptions about the limited range over which EVs may be driven on a single battery charge; availability of services for EVs; consumers’ perception about the convenience, speed, reliability and cost of EV charging; volatility in the price of gasoline and diesel; EV supply chain shortages and disruptions including, but not limited to, availability of certain components (e.g., semiconductors and critical raw materials necessary for the production of EVs and EV batteries), the ability of EV OEMs to ramp-up EV production and/or allocate sufficient quantities of EV models to the U.S. market; domestic content requirements or other policy constraints; availability of batteries and battery materials; availability, cost and desirability of other alternative fuel vehicles, including plug-in hybrid EVs and high fuel-economy gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles; increases in fuel efficiency; regulations applicable to vehicle emissions and fuel economy; and availability of federal and state credits for EV purchases. In addition, macroeconomic factors could impact demand for EVs, particularly since the sales price of EVs can be more expensive than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. If the market for EVs does not develop as expected or if there is any slowdown or delay in overall adoption of EVs, EVgo’s operating results may be adversely affected.
Electrification of Fleets
EVgo faces competition in the emerging fleet electrification segment, including from certain fleet customers who may opt to install and own charging equipment on their property; however, EVgo believes its unique set of offerings to fleets and its existing charging network position EVgo advantageously to win business from fleets. Fleet owners are generally more sensitive to the total cost of ownership of a vehicle than private-vehicle owners. As such, electrification of vehicle fleets may occur more slowly or more rapidly than management forecasts based on the cost to purchase, operate and maintain EVs and the general availability of such vehicles relative to those of internal combustion engine vehicles. The ability of EVgo and its competitors’ to offer competitive charging services and value-added ancillary services may impact the pace at which fleets electrify and may impact EVgo’s ability to capture market share in fleets. Additionally, federal, state and local government support and regulations directed at fleets (or lack thereof) may accelerate or delay fleet electrification and increase or reduce EVgo’s business opportunity.
Competition
The EV charging industry is increasingly competitive. The principal competitive factors in the industry include charger count, locations, accessibility and reliability; charger connectivity to EVs and ability to charge widely adopted standards; speed of charging relative to expected vehicle dwell times at the location; DCFC network reliability, scale and local density; software-enabled service offerings and overall customer experience; operator brand, track record and reputation; access to equipment vendors and service providers; policy incentives; and pricing. Existing competitors may expand their product offerings and sales strategies, new competitors may enter the market and certain fleet customers may choose to install and operate their own charging infrastructure. If EVgo’s market share decreases due to increased competition, its revenue and ability to generate profits in the future may be impacted.
Government Mandates, Incentives and Programs
The U.S. federal government and some state and local governments provide incentives to end-users and purchasers of EVs and EV charging stations in the form of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives, such as payments for regulatory credits. The EV market relies on these governmental rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives to significantly lower the effective price of EVs and EV charging stations. However, these incentives may expire on a particular date, end when the allocated funding is exhausted, or may be reduced or terminated as a matter of regulatory or legislative policy. In particular, EVgo has historically generated and carried forward, for future benefit, federal tax credits under Section 30C of the Code, which effectively subsidizes the cost of placing into service EVgo’s charging stations. The Inflation Reduction Act revised the credit under Section 30C to extend the credit until December 31, 2032, introduce the concept of transferability of such tax credits, expand the credit such that it is capped at $100,000 per item and increase eligibility requirements to require installation of EV charging stations in certain census tracts along with meeting prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements, among other changes. There can be no assurance that the EV charging stations placed in service by EVgo will meet the revised requirements for the Section 30C credits, and compliance with such requirements could increase EVgo’s labor and other costs.
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Any reduction in rebates, tax credits or other financial incentives available to buyers or owners of EVs or EV charging stations could negatively affect the EV market and adversely impact EVgo’s business operations and expansion potential. In addition, there can be no assurance that EVgo will have the necessary tax attributes to utilize any such credits that are available and may not be able to monetize such credits on favorable terms. Further, certain features of EVgo OpCo’s ownership may limit the available tax credit that can be monetized or utilized. New tariffs and policies that could incentivize overbuilding of infrastructure may also have a negative impact on the economics of EVgo’s stations. Furthermore, tariffs and policy incentives have been, and in the future could be, put in place that favor equipment manufactured by or assembled at American factories, which may put EVgo’s fast charging equipment vendors at a competitive disadvantage, including by increasing the cost or delaying the availability of charging equipment, by challenging or eliminating EVgo’s ability to apply or qualify for grants and other government incentives, or by disqualifying the Company from the ability to compete for certain charging infrastructure build-out solicitations and programs, including those initiated by federal government agencies.
Moreover, a variety of incentives and rebates offered by the U.S. federal government as well as state and local governments in order to encourage the use of EVs may be limited or reduced. In particular, the U.S. federal government offers a tax credit, the maximum amount of which is $7,500, for qualified new plug-in EVs. The Inflation Reduction Act modified the tax credit for new plug-in EVs and added new tax credits for used and commercial EVs. The Inflation Reduction Act also removed the phase-out of tax credits for new plug-in EVs with respect to vehicle manufacturers that reached certain production levels beginning in 2023. However, the tax credit is subject to additional requirements and limitations, such as certain adjusted gross income limits for consumers claiming the credit, domestic content requirements for critical minerals and batteries and a requirement for final assembly to occur in North America. Such additional requirements and limitations for such tax credits may reduce incentives available to encourage the adoption of EVs, which could negatively affect the EV market and adversely impact EVgo’s business operations and expansion potential.
Technology Risks
EVgo relies on numerous internally developed and externally sourced hardware and software technologies to operate its network and generate earnings. EVgo engages a variety of third-party vendors for non-proprietary hardware and software components. The ability of EVgo to continue to integrate its technology stack with technological advances in the wider EV ecosystem including EV model characteristics, charging standards, charging hardware, software and battery chemistries and value-added customer services will determine EVgo’s sustained competitiveness in offering charging services. There is a risk that some or all of the components of the EV technology ecosystem will become obsolete and that EVgo will be required to make significant investments to continue to effectively operate its business. For example, during 2023 to-date, a majority of the largest OEMs, including Ford, GM, Rivian, Volvo, Mercedes, Hyundai, Kia, BMW and Toyota have announced plans to adopt the NACS standard in their future EVs, whereas EVgo’s existing charging network is largely based around the CCS standard. EVgo has announced that it will be adding NACS connectors to its fast charging network in 2025; however, integrating NACS connectors in future charger installations and on certain existing chargers will require significant investment and management attention.
EVgo’s management believes EVgo’s business model is well-positioned to enable EVgo to remain technology-, vendor- and OEM-agnostic over time and allow the business to remain competitive regardless of long-term technological shifts in EVs, batteries or modes of charging.
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Sales of Regulatory Credits
EVgo derives revenue from selling regulatory credits earned for participating in LCFS programs, or other similar carbon or emissions trading schemes, in various jurisdictions in the U.S. EVgo currently sells these credits at market prices. These credits are exposed to various market and supply and demand dynamics which can drive price volatility and which are difficult to predict. Price fluctuations in credits may have a material effect on future results of operations. The availability of such credits depends on continued governmental support for these programs. If these programs are modified, reduced or eliminated, EVgo’s ability to generate this revenue in the future would be adversely impacted. EVgo is currently engaged in a rulemaking process of the California Air Resources Board that could result in an amendment to, and perhaps strengthening of, the California LCFS program. In addition to current programs, EVgo is currently monitoring the implementation of Washington’s program and additional proposals for new state clean fuels programs in varying stages of discussions in states including (but not limited to) New York, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Illinois.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022
The table below presents EVgo’s results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Change
(dollars in thousands)
2023
2022
$
%
Revenue
$
35,107
$
10,509
$
24,598
234
%
Cost of revenue
25,884
8,530
17,354
203
%
Depreciation, net of capital-build amortization
8,619
5,187
3,432
66
%
Gross profit (loss)
604
(3,208)
3,812
119
%
General and administrative expenses
32,001
32,322
(321)
(1)
%
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
4,975
4,516
459
10
%
Operating loss
(36,372)
(40,046)
3,674
9
%
Interest expense
—
(8)
8
100
%
Interest income
2,898
1,636
1,262
77
%
Other income (expense), net
1
(347)
348
100
%
Change in fair value of earnout liability
442
(1,299)
1,741
134
%
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
4,774
(10,858)
15,632
144
%
Loss before income tax expense
(28,257)
(50,922)
22,665
45
%
Income tax expense
—
—
—
*
Net loss
(28,257)
(50,922)
22,665
45
%
Less: net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest
(18,536)
(37,704)
19,168
51
%
Net loss attributable to Class A common stockholders
$
(9,721)
$
(13,218)
$
3,497
26
%
Gross margin
1.7
%
(30.5)
%
Operating margin
(103.6)
%
(381.1)
%
Network throughput (GWh)
37
12
Number of DC Stalls on EVgo Network (in thousands) as of
2.7
2.1
* Not meaningful
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Revenue
The table below presents a disaggregation of EVgo’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Change
(dollars in thousands)
2023
2022
$
%
Charging revenue, retail
$
13,357
$
5,176
$
8,181
158
%
Charging revenue, commercial
4,042
678
3,364
496
%
Charging revenue, OEM
1,477
252
1,225
486
%
Regulatory credit sales
1,807
1,178
629
53
%
Network revenue, OEM
1,114
448
666
149
%
eXtend revenue
10,475
1,543
8,932
579
%
Ancillary revenue
2,835
1,234
1,601
130
%
Total revenue
$
35,107
$
10,509
$
24,598
234
%
Total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $24.6 million, or 234%, to $35.1 million compared to $10.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. As further discussed below, the increase in revenue was primarily due to an $8.9 million increase in eXtend revenue, an $8.2 million increase in retail charging revenue, a $3.4 million increase in commercial charging revenue, a $1.6 million increase in ancillary revenue, and a $1.2 million increase in OEM charging revenue.
Charging Revenue, Retail. Charging revenue, retail, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $8.2 million, or 158%, to $13.4 million compared to $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Period-over-period growth was primarily due to an overall increase in throughput driven primarily by increased charging volume from a greater number of customers and more throughput per customer.
Charging Revenue, Commercial. Charging revenue, commercial, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $3.4 million, or 496%, to $4.0 million compared to $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Period-over-period growth was primarily due to higher charging volumes by the Company’s public fleet customers.
Charging Revenue, OEM. Charging revenue, OEM, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $1.2 million, or 486%, to $1.5 million compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Period-over-period growth was primarily due to increased charging volumes from the Company’s OEM contracts.
Regulatory Credit Sales. Regulatory credit sales for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $0.6 million, or 53%, to $1.8 million compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The period-over-period increase was primarily due to increased throughput, partially offset by the impact of lower market prices.
Network Revenue, OEM. Network revenue, OEM, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $0.7 million, or 149%, to $1.1 million compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The period-over-period increase was due to an increase in OEM branding and marketing revenue.
eXtend Revenue. eXtend revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $8.9 million, or 579%, to $10.5 million compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increased projects in process or completed and an increase in equipment sales compared to the same prior-year period.
Ancillary Revenue. Ancillary revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $1.6 million, or 130%, to $2.8 million compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increased engineering and construction revenue, revenue from Plugshare, and sublease income.
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Cost of Sales
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $17.4 million, or 203%, to $25.9 million compared to $8.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase of $8.3 million in costs to support eXtend revenue, a $6.6 million increase in energy and other variable charging costs resulting from increased throughput and a $1.6 million increase in fixed charging costs.
Depreciation, Net of Capital-Build Amortization. Depreciation, net of capital-build amortization, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $3.4 million, or 66%, to $8.6 million compared to $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 due to growth in EVgo’s charging network.
Gross Profit (Loss) and Gross Margin
Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.6 million compared to a gross loss of $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to increases in charging revenue and eXtend revenue, partially offset by increased depreciation, net of capital-build amortization. Gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2023 improved to 1.7% compared to negative 30.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to improved leveraging of charging station costs, resulting in higher gross margin on charging revenue and higher margins on eXtend revenue, partially offset by decreased margins on ancillary revenue.
Operating Expenses
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $0.3 million, or 1%, to $32.0 million, compared to $32.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to lower costs for professional services and insurance, partially offset by lower insurance recoveries.
Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion. Depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $0.5 million, or 10%, to $5.0 million compared to $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to higher amortization related to software.
Operating Loss and Operating Margin
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, EVgo had an operating loss of $36.4 million, an improvement of $3.7 million, or 9%, compared to $40.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The improvement in the operating loss was driven primarily by increased gross profit. Operating margin for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was negative 103.6% compared to negative 381.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to improved leveraging of operating expenses and improved gross margin.
Interest Income
Interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $1.3 million, or 77%, to $2.9 million, compared to $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was a result of more cash and cash equivalents held in a high interest rate account by the Company during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same prior-year period.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was de minimis compared to other expense, net, of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The change was primarily due to $0.3 million in losses on investments incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
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Changes in Fair Values of Warrant and Earnout Liabilities
For the three months ended September 30, 2023, there was a $5.2 million gain on change in fair values of warrant and earnout liabilities compared to a $12.2 million loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The change between periods was primarily due to a decrease in the fair values of the warrant and earnout liabilities during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an increase in the fair values of the warrant and earnout liabilities during the same prior-year period. See “ Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements ” for more information.
Income Taxes
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no income taxes due to the full valuation allowance on EVgo’s net deferred tax assets.
Net (Loss) Income
Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $28.3 million, compared to $50.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The change was primarily driven by the $17.4 million impact resulting from changes in the fair values of the warrant and earnout liabilities, the $3.8 million improvement in gross profit, and a $1.3 million increase in interest income.
Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022
The table below presents EVgo’s results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Change
(dollars in thousands)
2023
2022
$
%
Revenue
$
110,959
$
27,285
$
83,674
307
%
Cost of revenue
82,541
19,095
63,446
332
%
Depreciation, net of capital-build amortization
22,244
12,742
9,502
75
%
Gross profit (loss)
6,174
(4,552)
10,726
236
%
General and administrative expenses
104,223
89,928
14,295
16
%
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
14,542
12,535
2,007
16
%
Operating loss
(112,591)
(107,015)
(5,576)
(5)
%
Interest expense
—
(21)
21
100
%
Interest income
7,095
2,327
4,768
205
%
Other income (expense), net
1
(769)
770
100
%
Change in fair value of earnout liability
875
1,328
(453)
(34)
%
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
5,785
14,981
(9,196)
(61)
%
Loss before income tax expense
(98,835)
(89,169)
(9,666)
(11)
%
Income tax expense
(42)
(22)
(20)
(91)
%
Net loss
(98,877)
(89,191)
(9,686)
(11)
%
Less: net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest
(69,054)
(66,053)
(3,001)
(5)
%
Net loss attributable to Class A common stockholders
$
(29,823)
$
(23,138)
$
(6,685)
(29)
%
Gross margin
5.6
%
(16.7)
%
Operating margin
(101.5)
%
(392.2)
%
Network throughput (GWh)
80
30
Number of DC Stalls on EVgo Network (in thousands) as of
2.7
2.1
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Revenue
The table below presents a disaggregation of EVgo’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Change
(dollars in thousands)
2023
2022
$
%
Charging revenue, retail
$
29,057
$
13,067
$
15,990
122
%
Charging revenue, commercial
8,175
2,041
6,134
301
%
Charging revenue, OEM
3,015
592
2,423
409
%
Regulatory credit sales
4,635
4,684
(49)
(1)
%
Network revenue, OEM
4,555
1,825
2,730
150
%
eXtend revenue
54,048
1,754
52,294
*
Ancillary revenue
7,474
3,322
4,152
125
%
Total revenue
$
110,959
$
27,285
$
83,674
307
%
* Percentage greater than 999%
Total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $83.7 million, or 307%, to $111.0 million compared to $27.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As further discussed below, the increase in revenue was primarily due to a $52.3 million increase in eXtend revenue, a $16.0 million increase in retail charging revenue, a $6.1 million increase in commercial charging revenue, and a $4.2 million increase in ancillary revenue.
Charging Revenue, Retail. Charging revenue, retail, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $16.0 million, or 122%, to $29.1 million compared to $13.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Period-over-period growth was primarily due to an overall increase in throughput driven primarily by increased charging volume from a greater number of customers and more throughput per customer.
Charging Revenue, Commercial. Charging revenue, commercial, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $6.1 million, or 301%, to $8.2 million compared to $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Period-over-period growth was primarily due to higher charging volumes by the Company’s public fleet customers.
Charging Revenue, OEM. Charging revenue, OEM, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $2.4 million, or 409%, to $3.0 million compared to $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Period-over-period growth was primarily due to higher charging volumes and customer enrollments from the Company’s OEM partners.
Regulatory Credit Sales. Regulatory credit sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 remained relatively flat at $4.6 million compared to $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to the impact of lower market prices partially offset by increased throughput.
Network Revenue, OEM. Network revenue, OEM, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $2.7 million, or 150%, to $4.6 million compared to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The period-over-period increase was due to increased breakage associated with prepaid charging credits and increased branding and marketing activities.
eXtend Revenue. eXtend revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $52.3 million to $54.0 million compared to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in equipment sales and increased projects in process or completed compared to the same prior-year period.
Ancillary Revenue. Ancillary revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $4.2 million, or 125%, to $7.5 million compared to $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increased revenue from PlugShare, engineering and construction revenue, and sublease income.
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Cost of Sales
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $63.4 million, or 332%, to $82.5 million compared to $19.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily due to a $41.7 million increase in costs to support eXtend revenue, a $14.2 million increase in energy and other variable charging costs resulting from increased throughput, and a $6.2 million increase in fixed charging costs.
Depreciation, Net of Capital-Build Amortization. Depreciation, net of capital-build amortization, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $9.5 million, or 75%, to $22.2 million compared to $12.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to growth of EVgo’s charging network.
Gross Profit (Loss) and Gross Margin
Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $6.2 million compared to a gross loss of $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to increased gross profit from eXtend revenues and charging revenues, partially offset by increased depreciation, net of capital-build amortization. Gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 5.6% compared to negative 16.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to improved leveraging of charging station costs and higher margins on eXtend and charging revenue, partially offset by lower revenue from higher margin regulatory credit sales as a percentage of total consolidated sales and lower margins on ancillary revenue.
Operating Expenses
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $14.3 million, or 16%, to $104.2 million compared to $89.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by a $10.4 million increase in payroll expenses due to higher overall headcount compared to the same prior-year period and a $4.4 million increase in impairment expense due to increased write-offs of abandoned projects.
Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion. Depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $2.0 million, or 16%, to $14.5 million compared to $12.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher amortization related to software.
Operating Loss and Operating Margin
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, EVgo had an operating loss of $112.6 million, a deterioration of $5.6 million, or 5%, compared to $107.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in operating loss was driven primarily by an increase in general and administrative expenses partially offset by an increase in gross profit. Operating margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was negative 101.5% compared to negative 392.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to improved leveraging of operating expenses and improved gross margin.
Interest Expense
There was no interest expense incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and interest expense was de minimis for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Interest Income
Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $4.8 million, or 205%, to $7.1 million compared to $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was a result of more cash and cash equivalents held in a high interest rate account by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same prior-year period.
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Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income, net, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was de minimis compared to other expense, net, of $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The change was primarily due to losses on investments incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Changes in Fair Values of Warrant and Earnout Liabilities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there was a $6.7 million gain on change in fair values of warrant and earnout liabilities compared to $16.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The change between periods was primarily due to a smaller decrease in the fair value of the warrant and earnout liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same prior-year period. See “ Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements ” for more information.
Income Taxes
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, EVgo’s income taxes and effective tax rates were de minimis.
Net (Loss) Income
Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $98.9 million, compared to $89.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The change was primarily driven by the $14.3 million increase in general and administrative expenses and the $9.6 million impact from changes in the fair values of the warrant and earnout liabilities, partially offset by the $10.7 million increase in gross profit and the $4.8 million increase in interest income.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This Quarterly Report includes the following non-GAAP financial measures, in each case as defined below: “Adjusted Cost of Sales,” “Adjusted Cost of Sales as a Percentage of Revenue,” “Adjusted Gross Profit (Loss),” “Adjusted Gross Margin,” “Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses,” “Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses as a Percentage of Revenue,” “EBITDA,” “EBITDA Margin,” “Adjusted EBITDA” and “Adjusted EBITDA Margin.” EVgo believes these measures are useful to investors in evaluating EVgo’s performance. In addition, EVgo management uses these measures internally to establish forecasts, budgets and operational goals to manage and monitor its business. EVgo believes that these measures help to depict a more meaningful representation of the performance of the underlying business, enabling EVgo to evaluate and plan more effectively for the future.
Adjusted Cost of Sales, Adjusted Cost of Sales as a Percentage of Revenue, Adjusted Gross Profit (Loss), Adjusted Gross Margin, Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses, Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses as a Percentage of Revenue, EBITDA, EBITDA Margin, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. These measures should not be considered as measures of financial performance under GAAP and the items excluded from or included in these metrics are significant components in understanding and assessing EVgo’s financial performance. These metrics should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss) or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP.
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EVgo defines Adjusted Cost of Sales as cost of sales before: (i) depreciation, net of capital-build amortization, and (ii) share-based compensation. EVgo defines Adjusted Cost of Sales as a Percentage of Revenue as Adjusted Cost of Sales as a percentage of revenue. EVgo defines Adjusted Gross Profit (Loss) as revenue less Adjusted Cost of Sales. EVgo defines Adjusted Gross Margin as Adjusted Gross Profit (Loss) as a percentage of revenue. EVgo defines Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses as general and administrative expenses before (i) share-based compensation, (ii) loss on disposal of property and equipment, net of recoveries, and impairment expense, (iii) bad debt expense and (iv) certain other items that management believes are not indicative of EVgo’s ongoing performance. EVgo defines Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses as a Percentage of Revenue as Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses as a percentage of revenue. EVgo defines EBITDA as net income (loss) before (i) depreciation, net of capital-build amortization, (ii) amortization, (iii) accretion, (iv) interest income, (v) interest expense, and (vi) income tax expense. EVgo defines EBITDA Margin as EBITDA as a percentage of revenue. EVgo defines Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus (i) share-based compensation, (ii) loss on disposal of property and equipment, net of recoveries, and impairment expense, (iii) (gain) loss on investments, (iv) bad debt expense, (v) change in fair value of earnout liability, (vi) change in fair value of warrant liabilities, and (vii) certain other items that management believes are not indicative of EVgo’s ongoing performance. EVgo defines Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue.
The following unaudited table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted Cost of Sales, Adjusted Cost of Sales as a Percentage of Revenue, Adjusted Gross Profit (Loss) and Adjusted Gross Margin to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, in each case, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2023
2022
2023
2022
GAAP revenue
$
35,107
$
10,509
$
110,959
$
27,285
GAAP cost of sales
34,503
13,717
104,785
31,837
GAAP gross profit (loss)
$
604
$
(3,208)
$
6,174
$
(4,552)
GAAP cost of sales as a percentage of revenue
98.3%
130.5%
94.4%
116.7%
GAAP gross margin
1.7%
(30.5%)
5.6%
(16.7%)
Adjustments:
Depreciation, net of capital-build amortization
$
8,619
$
5,187
$
22,244
$
12,742
Share-based compensation
58
27
121
64
Total adjustments
8,677
5,214
22,365
12,806
Adjusted Cost of Sales
$
25,826
$
8,503
$
82,420
$
19,031
Adjusted Cost of Sales as a Percentage of Revenue
73.6%
80.9%
74.3%
69.7%
Adjusted Gross Profit
$
9,281
$
2,006
$
28,539
$
8,254
Adjusted Gross Margin
26.4%
19.1%
25.7%
30.3%
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The following unaudited table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses and Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses as a Percentage of Revenue to the most directly comparable GAAP measures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2023
2022
2023
2022
GAAP revenue
$
35,107
$
10,509
$
110,959
$
27,285
GAAP general and administrative expenses
$
32,001
$
32,322
$
104,223
$
89,928
GAAP general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue
91.2%
307.6%
93.9%
329.6%
Adjustments:
Share-based compensation
$
6,043
$
6,866
$
20,902
$
17,377
Loss on disposal of property and equipment, net of recoveries, and impairment expense 1
2,216
1,242
8,065
3,889
Bad debt expense
199
(84)
352
67
Other 1,2
1
142
1,480
195
Total adjustments
8,459
8,166
30,799
21,528
Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses
$
23,542
$
24,156
$
73,424
$
68,400
Adjusted General and Administrative Expenses as a Percentage of Revenue
67.1%
229.9%
66.2%
250.7%
1 In the second quarter of 2023, the Company reclassified insurance proceeds from property losses from "other" to "loss on disposal of property and equipment, net of recoveries, and impairment expense". Previously reported amounts have been updated to conform to the current period presentation.
2 For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, comprised primarily of costs related to the reorganization of Company resources previously announced by the Company on February 23, 2023 and the petition filed by EVgo in the Delaware Court of Chancery in February 2023 seeking validation of EVgo's charter and share structure (the “205 Petition”), which are not expected to recur.
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The following unaudited table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA, EBITDA Margin, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, in each case, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
September 30,
(dollars in thousands)
2023
2022
2023
2022
GAAP revenue
$
35,107
$
10,509
$
110,959
$
27,285
GAAP net loss
$
(28,257)
$
(50,922)
$
(98,877)
$
(89,191)
GAAP net loss margin
(80.5%)
(484.6%)
(89.1%)
(326.9%)
Adjustments:
Depreciation, net of capital-build amortization
8,746
5,275
22,621
12,963
Amortization
4,264
3,915
12,500
10,843
Accretion
584
513
1,665
1,471
Interest income
(2,898)
(1,636)
(7,095)
(2,327)
Interest expense
—
8
—
21
Income tax expense
—
—
42
22
EBITDA
$
(17,561)
$
(42,847)
$
(69,144)
$
(66,198)
EBITDA Margin
(50.0%)
(407.7%)
(62.3%)
(242.6%)
Adjustments:
Share-based compensation
6,101
6,893
21,023
17,441
Loss on disposal of property and equipment, net of recoveries, and impairment expense 1
2,216
1,242
8,065
3,889
Loss on investments
12
344
16
749
Bad debt expense
199
(84)
352
67
Change in fair value of earnout liability
(442)
1,299
(875)
(1,328)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
(4,774)
10,858
(5,785)
(14,981)
Other 1,2
1
142
1,480
195
Total adjustments
3,313
20,694
24,276
6,032
Adjusted EBITDA
$
(14,248)
$
(22,153)
$
(44,868)
$
(60,166)
Adjusted EBITDA Margin
(40.6%)
(210.8%)
(40.4%)
(220.5%)
1 In the second quarter of 2023, the Company reclassified insurance proceeds from property losses from "other" to "loss on disposal of property and equipment, net of recoveries, and impairment expense". Previously reported amounts have been updated to conform to the current period presentation.
2 For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, comprised primarily of costs related to the reorganization of Company resources previously announced by the Company on February 23, 2023 and the 205 Petition, which are not expected to recur.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
EVgo has a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows. As of September 30, 2023, EVgo had $228.7 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and working capital of $186.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, EVgo had $246.5 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and working capital of $188.1 million. The Company’s net cash outflow for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $17.8 million. EVgo believes its cash and cash equivalents on hand as of September 30, 2023 are sufficient to meet EVgo’s current working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least twelve months from the filing date of this Quarterly Report.
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To date, EVgo’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash flows from the CRIS Business Combination, revenues from its various revenue streams, government grants, proceeds from sales of EVgo’s Class A common stock, including under the ATM Program and an underwritten equity offering, and loans and equity contributions from its previous owners. EVgo’s primary cash requirements include operating expenses, satisfaction of commitments to various counterparties and suppliers and capital expenditures (including property and equipment). EVgo’s principal uses of cash in recent periods have been funding its operations and investing in capital expenditures, including the purchase of EV chargers for installation.
In July 2022, EVgo entered into the Delta Charger Supply Agreement and the Purchase Order with Delta, pursuant to which EVgo will purchase and Delta will sell EV chargers manufactured by Delta from time to time in specified quantities at certain delivery dates over a period of four years. EVgo is obligated to purchase at least 1,000 chargers (which will enable the construction of 2,000 stalls) pursuant to the Delta Charger Supply Agreement and the Purchase Order with the option, at EVgo’s election, to increase the number of chargers purchased to 1,100. Under the terms of the Purchase Order, EVgo will receive delivery of 600 chargers by April 30, 2023 and is required to make full payment on such chargers within sixty (60) days of receipt. EVgo’s obligations under the Purchase Order are take-or-pay obligations; however, EVgo’s liability is capped at a maximum of the greater of $30.0 million or 50% of the value of any outstanding firm orders. EVgo entered into the Delta Charger Supply Agreement and Purchase Order in order to meet its obligations under the Pilot Infrastructure Agreement, other potential contractual commitments and its own needs and intends to fund the capital expenditure required under the Delta Charger Supply Agreement and Purchase Order with proceeds from the Pilot Infrastructure Agreement as well as cash and cash equivalents on hand.
The term of the Tax Receivable Agreement commenced upon the completion of the CRIS Business Combination and will continue until all tax benefits that are subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement have been utilized or expired and all required payments are made, unless the Tax Receivable Agreement is terminated early (including upon a change of control). The actual timing and amount of any payments that may be made under the Tax Receivable Agreement are unknown at this time and will vary based on a number of factors. However, the Company Group expects that the payments that it will be required to make to TRA Holders in connection with the Tax Receivable Agreement will be substantial. Any payments made by the Company Group to TRA Holders under the Tax Receivable Agreement will generally reduce the amount of cash that might have otherwise been available to EVgo or EVgo OpCo. To the extent EVgo OpCo has available cash and subject to the terms of any current or future debt or other agreements, the EVgo OpCo A&R LLC Agreement will require EVgo OpCo to make pro rata cash distributions to holders of EVgo OpCo Units, including Thunder Sub, in an amount sufficient to allow the Company Group to pay its taxes and to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. EVgo generally expects EVgo OpCo to fund such distributions out of available cash. However, except in cases where the Company Group elects to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement early, the Tax Receivable Agreement is terminated early due to certain mergers or other changes of control, or the Company Group has available cash but fails to make payments when due, generally the Company Group may elect to defer payments due under the Tax Receivable Agreement if it does not have available cash to satisfy its payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement or if its contractual obligations limit its ability to make these payments. Any such deferred payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement generally will accrue interest at the rate provided for in the Tax Receivable Agreement and such interest may significantly exceed the Company Group’s other costs of capital. In certain circumstances (including an early termination of the Tax Receivable Agreement due to a change of control or otherwise), payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits, if any, the Company Group realizes in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement. In the case of such an acceleration in connection with a change of control, where applicable, EVgo generally expects the accelerated payments due under the Tax Receivable Agreement to be funded out of the proceeds of the change of control transaction giving rise to such acceleration, which could have a significant impact on EVgo’s ability to consummate a change of control or the proceeds received by EVgo’s stockholders in connection with a change of control. However, the Company Group may be required to fund such payment from other sources and, as a result, any early termination of the Tax Receivable Agreement could have a substantial negative impact on EVgo’s liquidity or financial condition.
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Cash Flows
The following table summarizes EVgo’s consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)
2023
2022
Cash flows used in operating activities
$
(29,781)
$
(57,337)
Cash flows used in investing activities
(123,843)
(133,322)
Cash flows provided by financing activities
135,840
6,458
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
(17,784)
$
(184,201)
Operating Activities. Cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $29.8 million compared to $57.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The year-over-year change primarily reflected a $22.6 million increase in cash flows from deferred revenue, an $18.0 million increase in cash inflows from operating income, and a $2.8 million increase in cash flows from accounts payable, partially offset by a $10.6 million decrease in cash flows from accounts receivable, net, a $5.2 million decrease in cash flows from customer deposits, and a $1.5 million decrease in cash flows from receivables from related parties.
Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $123.8 million, compared to $133.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in purchases of property, equipment and software.
Financing Activities . Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $135.8 million compared to $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was driven primarily by the receipt of $128.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of Class A common stock in the Company’s underwritten equity offering and $5.8 million in proceeds from the issuance of Class A common stock under the Company’s ATM Program, partially offset by a $4.7 million increase in cash paid for deferred transaction costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Working Capital . EVgo’s working capital as of September 30, 2023 was $186.0 million, compared to $188.1 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease was driven primarily by a $17.5 million decrease in the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, an $8.5 million increase in accounts payable, and a $3.9 million increase in deferred revenue, current, partially offset by a $14.6 million increase in accounts receivable, net, a $7.0 million decrease in customer deposits, and a $5.2 million increase in accounts receivable, capital-build.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments . EVgo has material cash requirements for known contractual obligations and commitments in the form of operating leases, purchase commitments and certain other liabilities that are disclosed in “ Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies. ” EVgo generally expects to fund these obligations through its existing cash and cash equivalents and future financing or cash flows from operations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of EVgo’s financial condition and results of operations is based upon EVgo’s condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of EVgo’s financial statements requires the Company to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases these estimates on its historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results experienced may vary materially and adversely from EVgo’s estimates. Revisions to estimates are recognized prospectively. See “ Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ” for additional detail regarding the significant accounting policies that have been followed in preparing EVgo’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
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The accounting policies described below are those EVgo considers to be the most critical to an understanding of its financial condition and results of operations and that require the most complex and subjective management judgment. EVgo considers its critical accounting estimates to be those related to its revenue recognition, business combinations and warrant liabilities, which are described below.
Revenue Recognition
EVgo recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606. Recording revenue requires judgment, including determining whether an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations, whether any of those obligations are distinct and cannot be combined and allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling prices (“SSP”). Revenue for performance obligations can be recognized over time or at a point in time depending on the nature of the performance obligation. Changes to the elements in an arrangement or, in EVgo’s determination, to the relative SSP for these elements, could materially affect the amount of earned and unearned revenue reflected in its consolidated financial statements.
Understanding the complex terms of some of EVgo’s agreements and determining the appropriate time, amount and method under which the Company should recognize revenue for the related transactions requires significant judgment. The Company exercises judgment in determining which promises in a contract constitute performance obligations rather than set-up activities. The Company determines which activities under a contract transfer a good or service to a customer rather than activities that are required to fulfill a contract but do not transfer control of a good or service to the customer. Determining whether obligations in a contract are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as a single performance obligation requires significant judgment. In reaching its conclusion, the Company assesses the nature of each individual service offering and how the services are provided in the context of the contract, including whether the services are significantly integrated which may require judgment based on the facts and circumstances of the contract. The Company does not disclose the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for (i) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice and (ii) contracts with variable consideration allocated entirely to a single performance obligation. The Company’s remaining performance obligations under these contracts include providing charging services, branding services, and maintenance services which will generally be recognized over the contract term. The Company’s customer contracts may include variable consideration such as that due to the unknown number of users that will receive charging credits or an unknown number of sites that will receive maintenance services. For such variable consideration, the Company has determined it is not necessary to estimate variable consideration as the uncertainty resolves itself monthly in accordance with the contracts’ revenue recognition pattern. The timing and amount of revenue recognition in a period could vary if different judgments were made. The Company may also estimate variable consideration under the expected value method or the most likely amount method.
Additionally, where there are multiple performance obligations, judgment is required to determine revenue for each distinct performance obligation. Determining the relative SSP for contracts that contain multiple performance obligations requires significant judgment to appropriately determine the suitable method for estimating the SSP. EVgo determines SSP using observable pricing when available, which takes into consideration market conditions and customer specific factors.
At contract inception, EVgo determines whether EVgo satisfies the performance obligation over time or at a point in time. Revenues from charging – OEM are primarily recognized ratably over time or as fee-bearing usage occurs. Revenues from charging – retail, charging – commercial and LCFS are usage-based services and recognized over time or at a point in time upon the delivery of the charging products or services. eXtend and ancillary revenues are recognized over time based on a time-based or cost-based approach or at a point in time as performance obligations are satisfied.
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Warrant Liabilities
EVgo accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC Topic 480, “ Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity ” (“ASC 480”) and ASC Topic 815, “ Derivatives and Hedging ” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480 and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to EVgo’s common stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of EVgo’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end-date while the warrants are outstanding.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as liabilities at their initial fair value on the date of issuance and remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized in “changes in fair value of warrant liabilities” in the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the private placement warrants on the date of issuance and on each measurement date is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation methodology, which includes inputs such as EVgo’s stock price, the risk-free interest rate, the expected term, the expected volatility, the dividend rate, the exercise price and the number of private placement warrants outstanding. Assumptions used in the model are subjective and require significant judgment.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of EVgo’s new or recently adopted accounting pronouncements, see “ Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. ”
JOBS Act
On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act includes provisions that, among other things, relax certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. Following the CRIS Business Combination, EVgo has qualified as an “emerging growth company” (“EGC”) under the JOBS Act and, as a result, is permitted to comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements based on the effective date for private (i.e., not publicly traded) companies. EVgo elected to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards and as a result, EVgo may not comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. As a result, EVgo’s financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
As an EGC, EVgo is not required to, among other things, (a) provide an auditor’s attestation report on EVgo’s system of internal control over financial reporting, (b) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-EGC public companies, (c) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis) and (d) disclose comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply for a period of five years following the completion of the Initial Public Offering or until EVgo otherwise no longer qualifies as an EGC.
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Additionally, following the CRIS Business Combination, EVgo has qualified as a “smaller reporting company” as defined under the Exchange Act. EVgo may continue to be a smaller reporting company so long as either (i) the market value of shares of its common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) its annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of shares of its common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million. If EVgo is a smaller reporting company at the time it ceases to be an EGC, EVgo may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company, EVgo may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K and has reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation and, similar to EGCs, if EVgo is a smaller reporting company under the requirements of (ii) above, EVgo would not be required to obtain an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by its independent registered public accounting firm.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
EVgo is a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. As a result, pursuant to Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K, the Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item 3.
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.