Designer Brands Inc. 10-K

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Designer Brands Inc. Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Designer Brands Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of February 3, 2024 and January 28, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended February 3, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of February 3, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 3, 2024 and January 28, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended February 3, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 3, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. Basis for Opinions The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 32 Table of contents Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Valuation of U.S. Retail Segment Inventories – Refer to Note 1 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The U.S. Retail segment, which includes stores operated in the U.S. under the DSW Designer Shoe Warehouse banner and its related e-commerce site, accounts for inventory using the retail inventory method and is stated at the lower of cost or market. Under the retail inventory method, the valuation of inventories at cost and the resulting gross profits are determined by applying a calculated cost-to-retail ratio to the retail value of inventories. The cost basis of inventories reflected on the balance sheet is decreased by charges to cost of sales at the time the retail value of the inventory is lowered by markdowns. Earnings are negatively impacted as the merchandise is marked down prior to sale. Inherent in the valuation of inventories are certain significant judgments and estimates, including estimating inventory markdowns, which can significantly impact the ending inventory valuation and the resulting gross profit. Given the significant estimates and assumptions management utilizes to measure inventory markdowns at period end, a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort is required when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of estimates and assumptions. Such estimates rely on the completeness of recorded markdowns. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to the completeness of estimated inventory markdowns included the following, among others: • We tested the design and effectiveness of controls over the completeness of estimated inventory markdowns, including management’s controls over the valuation of the estimated inventory markdown reserves, and the monitoring of aged inventory. • We evaluated management's ability to accurately estimate inventory markdowns by comparing estimated inventory markdowns as of February 3, 2024 to subsequent sales of clearance inventory. • We observed physical inventory counts throughout the fiscal year, including merchandise designated for clearance. • We assessed inventory aging as of February 3, 2024, and subsequent sell through of inventory. • We tested the amount of estimated inventory markdowns by evaluating management's calculation. • We developed an independent expectation for estimated inventory markdowns based on historical inventory balances and compared our expectation to the amount recorded by management. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Columbus, Ohio March 25, 2024 We have served as the Company's auditor since 1997. 33 Table of contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share amounts) 2023 2022 2021 Net sales $ 3,074,976 $ 3,315,428 $ 3,196,583 Cost of sales ( 2,100,090 ) ( 2,236,203 ) ( 2,127,946 ) Gross profit 974,886 1,079,225 1,068,637 Operating expenses ( 907,041 ) ( 896,382 ) ( 870,682 ) Income from equity investments 9,390 8,864 8,986 Impairment charges ( 4,834 ) ( 4,317 ) ( 1,720 ) Operating profit 72,401 187,390 205,221 Interest expense, net ( 32,171 ) ( 14,874 ) ( 32,129 ) Loss on extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs — ( 12,862 ) — Non-operating expenses, net ( 33 ) ( 130 ) ( 67 ) Income before income taxes 40,197 159,524 173,025 Income tax benefit (provision) ( 10,981 ) 3,142 ( 18,544 ) Net income 29,216 162,666 154,481 Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest ( 154 ) 10 — Net income attributable to Designer Brands Inc. $ 29,062 $ 162,676 $ 154,481 Earnings per share attributable to Designer Brands Inc.: Basic earnings per share $ 0.47 $ 2.41 $ 2.12 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.46 $ 2.26 $ 2.00 Weighted average shares used in per share calculations: Basic shares 61,296 67,603 73,024 Diluted shares 63,375 72,101 77,268 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 34 Table of contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Net income $ 29,216 $ 162,666 $ 154,481 Other comprehensive income loss- Foreign currency translation loss ( 289 ) ( 1,733 ) ( 331 ) Comprehensive income 28,927 160,933 154,150 Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest ( 154 ) 10 — Comprehensive income attributable to Designer Brands Inc. $ 28,773 $ 160,943 $ 154,150 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 35 Table of contents CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 49,173 $ 58,766 Receivables, net 83,590 77,763 Inventories 571,331 605,652 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 73,338 47,750 Total current assets 777,432 789,931 Property and equipment, net 219,939 235,430 Operating lease assets 721,335 700,373 Goodwill 123,759 97,115 Intangible assets, net 82,827 31,866 Deferred tax assets 39,067 48,285 Equity investments 62,857 63,820 Other assets 49,016 42,798 Total assets $ 2,076,232 $ 2,009,618 LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST, AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 289,368 $ 255,364 Accrued expenses 159,622 190,676 Current maturities of long-term debt 6,750 — Current operating lease liabilities 166,531 190,086 Total current liabilities 622,271 636,126 Long-term debt 420,344 281,035 Non-current operating lease liabilities 646,161 631,412 Other non-current liabilities 24,948 24,989 Total liabilities 1,713,724 1,573,562 Commitments and contingencies Redeemable noncontrolling interest 3,288 3,155 Shareholders' equity: Common shares paid in-capital, no par value 1,030,765 1,018,872 Treasury shares, at cost ( 764,802 ) ( 662,614 ) Retained earnings 98,896 81,993 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 5,639 ) ( 5,350 ) Total shareholders' equity 359,220 432,901 Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and shareholders' equity $ 2,076,232 $ 2,009,618 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 36 Table of contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Number of Shares Amounts (in thousands, except per share amounts) Class A Common Shares Class B Common Shares Treasury Shares Common Shares Paid in Capital Treasury Shares Retained Earnings (Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total Balance, January 30, 2021 64,666 7,733 22,169 $ 990,153 $ ( 515,065 ) $ ( 228,785 ) $ ( 3,286 ) $ 243,017 Net income attributable to Designer Brands Inc. — — — — — 154,481 — 154,481 Stock-based compensation activity 958 — — 15,229 — — — 15,229 Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — — ( 331 ) ( 331 ) Balance, January 29, 2022 65,624 7,733 22,169 1,005,382 ( 515,065 ) ( 74,304 ) ( 3,617 ) 412,396 Net income attributable to Designer Brands Inc. — — — — — 162,676 — 162,676 Stock-based compensation activity 1,010 — — 20,587 — — — 20,587 Repurchase of Class A common shares ( 10,713 ) — 10,713 — ( 147,549 ) — — ( 147,549 ) Dividends paid ($ 0.20 per share) — — — ( 7,097 ) — ( 6,379 ) — ( 13,476 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — — ( 1,733 ) ( 1,733 ) Balance, January 28, 2023 55,921 7,733 32,882 1,018,872 ( 662,614 ) 81,993 ( 5,350 ) 432,901 Net income attributable to Designer Brands Inc. — — — — — 29,062 — 29,062 Stock-based compensation activity 3,248 — — 11,893 — — — 11,893 Repurchase of Class A common shares ( 9,678 ) — 9,678 — ( 102,188 ) — — ( 102,188 ) Dividends paid ($ 0.20 per share) — — — — — ( 12,159 ) — ( 12,159 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — — ( 289 ) ( 289 ) Balance, February 3, 2024 49,491 7,733 42,560 $ 1,030,765 $ ( 764,802 ) $ 98,896 $ ( 5,639 ) $ 359,220 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 37 Table of contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 29,216 $ 162,666 $ 154,481 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 66,140 81,315 77,923 Stock-based compensation expense 29,374 28,502 23,923 Deferred income taxes 9,124 ( 51,891 ) ( 1,001 ) Income from equity investments ( 9,390 ) ( 8,864 ) ( 8,986 ) Distributions received from equity investments 10,353 8,850 12,006 Impairment charges 4,834 4,317 1,720 Loss on extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs — 12,862 — Other 333 2,017 2,775 Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquired amounts: Accounts receivables 3,345 7,962 8,703 Income tax receivable ( 455 ) 118,219 ( 12,415 ) Inventories 76,223 ( 15,995 ) ( 113,248 ) Prepaid expenses and other current assets ( 29,203 ) ( 5,398 ) ( 3,859 ) Accounts payable 36,113 ( 92,728 ) 92,894 Accrued expenses ( 29,884 ) ( 20,098 ) 10,735 Operating lease assets and liabilities, net ( 33,724 ) ( 30,310 ) ( 74,222 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 162,399 201,426 171,429 Cash flows from investing activities: Cash paid for property and equipment ( 54,997 ) ( 54,974 ) ( 33,030 ) Cash paid for business acquisition ( 127,496 ) ( 19,062 ) — Equity investment in Le Tigre — ( 8,228 ) — Other — ( 5,853 ) ( 1,998 ) Net cash used in investing activities ( 182,493 ) ( 88,117 ) ( 35,028 ) Cash flows from financing activities: Borrowing on revolving credit facility 1,232,013 1,705,235 349,653 Payments on revolving credit facility ( 1,211,978 ) ( 1,424,200 ) ( 449,653 ) Proceeds from the issuance of the Term Loan 135,000 — — Payments for borrowings under the Term Loan ( 1,875 ) — — Payments for borrowings and prepayment premium under Previous Term Loan — ( 238,196 ) ( 12,500 ) Payments of debt issuance costs ( 10,701 ) ( 2,316 ) — Cash paid for treasury shares ( 102,188 ) ( 147,549 ) — Dividends paid ( 12,159 ) ( 13,476 ) — Cash paid for taxes for stock-based compensation shares withheld ( 17,481 ) ( 7,915 ) ( 8,694 ) Other ( 152 ) ( 62 ) ( 296 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 10,479 ( 128,479 ) ( 121,490 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash balances 22 ( 523 ) ( 33 ) Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash ( 9,593 ) ( 15,693 ) 14,878 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period 58,766 74,459 59,581 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period $ 49,173 $ 58,766 $ 74,459 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: Cash paid for interest on debt $ 29,564 $ 14,820 $ 23,341 Cash paid for operating lease liabilities $ 230,059 $ 222,956 $ 273,080 Non-cash investing and financing activities: Property and equipment purchases not yet paid $ 5,056 $ 10,150 $ 4,365 Operating lease liabilities arising from lease asset additions $ 22,826 $ 23,496 $ 15,123 Net increase to operating lease assets and lease liabilities for modifications $ 166,992 $ 204,424 $ 94,992 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 38 Table of contents NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 1 Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies 40 Note 2 Acquisitions 46 Note 3 Revenue 48 Note 4 Related Party Transactions 50 Note 5 Earnings Per Share 51 Note 6 Stock-Based Compensation 51 Note 7 Shareholders' Equity 52 Note 8 Receivables 53 Note 9 Property and Equipment 53 Note 10 Goodwill and Intangible Assets 54 Note 11 Accrued Expenses 55 Note 12 Debt 55 Note 13 Leases 56 Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies 57 Note 15 Income Taxes 58 Note 16 Segment Reporting 60 39 Table of contents 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Business Operations- Designer Brands Inc. ("we," "us," "our," and the "Company") is one of the world's largest designers, producers, and retailers of footwear and accessories. We operate in three reportable segments: the U.S. Retail segment, the Canada Retail segment, and the Brand Portfolio segment. The U.S. Retail segment operates the DSW Designer Shoe Warehouse ("DSW") banner through its direct-to-consumer U.S. stores and e-commerce site. The Canada Retail segment operates The Shoe Company and DSW banners through its direct-to-consumer Canada stores and e-commerce sites. The Brand Portfolio segment earns revenue from the wholesale of products to retailers and international distributors, commissions for serving retailers as the design and buying agent for products under private labels, and the sale of our branded products through direct-to-consumer e-commerce for the Vince Camuto, Keds, Hush Puppies, and Topo brands. Our equity investments in ABG-Camuto, LLC ("ABG-Camuto") and Le Tigre 360 Global LLC ("Le Tigre") are an integral part of the Brand Portfolio segment. We have a 40 % ownership interest in ABG-Camuto, a joint venture that owns the intellectual property rights of Vince Camuto and other brands. We are party to a licensing agreement with ABG-Camuto, which provides for the exclusive right to design, source, and sell footwear and handbags under the brands that ABG-Camuto owns. In July 2022, we acquired a 33.3 % ownership interest in Le Tigre, which manages the Le Tigre brand. We are also party to a license agreement with Le Tigre, which provides for the exclusive right to design, source, and sell Le Tigre-branded footwear. In addition, we own the licensing rights for footwear and handbags of the Lucky Brand and the licensing rights for footwear of the Jessica Simpson brand and, beginning in 2023, the Hush Puppies brand. On December 13, 2022, we acquired a 79.4 % ownership interest in Topo Athletic LLC ("Topo"), a designer of specialty athletic footwear that sells its Topo branded products at wholesale to retailers and international distributors and through its direct-to-consumer e-commerce site. The Topo acquisition provides us with expanded capabilities within the athletic footwear market. On February 4, 2023, we completed the acquisition of the Keds business ("Keds") from Wolverine World Wide, Inc. This expanded the reach of our Owned Brands offerings, which refers to those brands that we have rights to sell through ownership or license arrangements, into casual and athleisure footwear in the wholesale and direct-to-consumer e-commerce channels. Topo and Keds are included within our Brand Portfolio segment. Fiscal Year- Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday nearest to January 31. References to a fiscal year (e.g., "2023") refer to the calendar year in which the fiscal year begins. This reporting schedule is followed by many national retail companies and typically results in a 52-week fiscal year (including 2021 and 2022), but occasionally will contain an additional week resulting in a 53-week fiscal year (including 2023). SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation- The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Designer Brands Inc. and its subsidiaries, including variable interest entities. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. All amounts are in United States ("U.S.") dollars. Use of Estimates- The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting periods. Certain estimates and assumptions use forecasted financial information based on information reasonably available to us. Significant estimates and assumptions are required as part of accounting for customer returns and allowances, gift card breakage income, deferred revenue associated with loyalty programs, valuation of inventories, depreciation and amortization, impairments of long-lived assets, intangibles and goodwill, lease accounting, redeemable noncontrolling interest, income taxes and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, self-insurance reserves, and acquisitions. Although we believe that these estimates and assumptions are reasonable, they are based on management's knowledge of current events and actions we may undertake in the future. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates and assumptions, and actual results could differ from these estimates. 40 Table of contents Revenue Recognition- Sales from the U.S. Retail and Canada Retail segments are recognized upon customer receipt of merchandise, net of estimated returns and exclude sales tax. For products shipped directly to our customers, we recognize the sale upon the estimated customer receipt date based on historical delivery transit times. Revenue from shipping and handling is recorded in net sales while the related costs are included in cost of sales on the consolidated statements of operations. For products shipped directly to our customers from our vendors (referred to as "drop ship"), we record gross sales upon customer receipt based on the price paid by the customers as we have determined that we are the principal party responsible for the sale transaction. Sales from the Brand Portfolio segment are recognized upon transfer of control. Generally, our wholesale customers arrange their own transportation of merchandise and control is transferred at the time of shipment. Sales are recorded at the transaction price, excluding sales tax, net of estimated returns and allowances. Direct-to-consumer online sales are recognized upon the estimated customer receipt date based on historical delivery transit times and are net of estimated returns and exclude sales tax. Commission income is recognized at the point in time when a customer's freight forwarder takes control of the related merchandise. Gift Cards- Amounts received from the sale of gift cards are recorded as a liability and are recognized as sales when the cards are redeemed for merchandise. Based on historical information, the likelihood of a gift card remaining unredeemed (referred to as "breakage") can be reasonably estimated at the time of gift card issuance. Breakage income is recognized over the estimated average redemption period of redeemed gift cards. Loyalty Programs- We offer loyalty programs to our direct-to-consumer customers. Members earn points based on their level of spending, as well as for various other activities. Upon reaching a specified point threshold, members receive reward certificates that may be redeemed for purchases made within the stated expiration date. We record a reduction of net sales when points are awarded based on an allocation of the initial customer purchase and the stand-alone value of the points earned. We maintain a deferred liability for the outstanding points and certificates based on historical conversion and redemption rates. The deferred liability is reduced and sales are recognized when certificates are redeemed or when points and certificates expire. Cost of Sales- Cost of sales from the U.S. Retail and Canada Retail segments is recognized net of estimated returns. In addition to the cost of merchandise sold, which includes freight and the impact of markdowns, shrink and other inventory valuation adjustments, we include expenses associated with distribution and fulfillment and store occupancy in cost of sales. Distribution and fulfillment expenses comprise of labor costs, third-party fees, rent, depreciation, insurance, utilities, maintenance, and other operating costs. Store occupancy expenses include rent, utilities, repairs, maintenance, insurance, janitorial costs, and occupancy-related taxes, but exclude depreciation. Cost of sales from the Brand Portfolio segment is recognized net of estimated returns. In addition to the cost of merchandise sold, which includes freight and the impact of inventory valuation adjustments, we include royalty expense for licensed brands in cost of sales. Operating Expenses- Operating expenses include expenses related to store management and payroll costs, marketing, store depreciation, new store costs, design, sourcing and distribution costs associated with the Brand Portfolio segment, and corporate expenses. Corporate expenses include expenses related to buying, information technology, rent (net of sublease income), depreciation and amortization expense for corporate assets, legal, finance, outside professional services, customer service center expenses, and payroll-related costs for associates. Interest Expense, net- Interest expense, net, is summarized in the following table: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Interest expense $ ( 32,993 ) $ ( 15,099 ) $ ( 32,198 ) Interest income 822 225 69 $ ( 32,171 ) $ ( 14,874 ) $ ( 32,129 ) Stock-Based Compensation- We recognize compensation expense for awards of restricted stock units ("RSUs") and director stock units based on the fair value on the grant date and on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the awards that are expected to vest, with forfeitures estimated based on our historical experience and future expectations. Stock-based compensation is included in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. 41 Table of contents Chief Executive Officer Transition- In January 2023, we announced our succession process relating to the Company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") role, whereby our former CEO, Roger Rawlins, stepped down from his role as CEO and as a member of the Board of Directors (the "Board") effective April 1, 2023, at which time, Doug Howe, who previously served as Executive Vice President of the Company and President of DSW, assumed the CEO role and joined the Board. Mr. Rawlins commenced service as a strategic advisor to the Company and the Board effective April 1, 2023 through April 1, 2024 under the terms of a transition and consulting agreement. In conjunction with the CEO transition, we recorded $ 8.1 million of CEO transition costs consisting of $ 2.2 million in severance costs, $ 2.8 million in accelerated stock-based compensation (net of stock awards forfeited), and $ 3.1 million in retention stock awards to certain members of our leadership team and other related professional fees. During 2023 and 2022, we recognized CEO transition costs of $ 4.4 million and $ 3.7 million, respectively, in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Severance- During 2023, we incurred severance costs, excluding the severance related to the CEO transition, of $ 5.1 million ($ 3.4 million, $ 0.2 million and $ 1.5 million for the U.S. Retail, Canada Retail and Brand Portfolio segments, respectively). During 2022, we incurred severance costs, excluding the severance related to the CEO transition, of $ 2.8 million ($ 1.8 million, $ 0.2 million and $ 0.8 million for the U.S. Retail, Canada Retail and Brand Portfolio segments, respectively). During 2021, we incurred severance costs of $ 3.3 million ($ 1.5 million and $ 1.8 million for the U.S. Retail and Brand Portfolio segments, respectively). As of February 3, 2024 and January 28, 2023, we had $ 3.9 million and $ 5.7 million, respectively, of severance liability, including the severance related to the CEO transition, included in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. Marketing Expense- The cost of advertising is generally expensed when the advertising first takes place or when mailed. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, marketing costs were $ 176.4 million, $ 167.1 million and $ 163.0 million, respectively. Income Taxes- We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. We determine the aggregate amount of income tax expense to accrue and the amount that will be currently payable based upon tax statutes of each jurisdiction in which we do business. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, as measured using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect in the periods when temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become realizable. We review and update our tax positions as necessary to add any new uncertain tax positions taken, or to remove previously identified uncertain positions that have been adequately resolved. Additionally, uncertain positions may be remeasured as warranted by changes in facts or law. Accounting for uncertain tax positions requires estimating the amount, timing and likelihood of ultimate settlement. Although we believe that these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from these estimates. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash - Cash and cash equivalents represent cash, money market funds, and credit card receivables that generally settle within three days. Restricted cash represented cash that was restricted as to withdrawal or usage and consisted of a mandatory cash deposit maintained for certain insurance policies and letters of credit. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows: (in thousands) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 January 29, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents $ 49,173 $ 58,766 $ 72,691 Restricted cash, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets — — 1,768 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 49,173 $ 58,766 $ 74,459 42 Table of contents Investments - We determine the balance sheet classification of investments at the time of purchase and evaluate the classification at each balance sheet date. For the balance sheet dates presented, we did not hold any investments in securities other than cash equivalents. We account for investments using the equity method of accounting when we exercise significant influence over the investment. If we do not exercise significant influence, we account for the investment using the cost method of accounting. Cost method investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. We evaluate our investments for impairment and whether impairment is other-than-temporary at each balance sheet date. The following table presents activity related to our equity investments: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Balance at beginning of period $ 63,820 $ 55,578 $ 58,598 Investment in Le Tigre — 8,228 — Share of net earnings 9,390 8,864 8,986 Distributions received ( 10,353 ) ( 8,850 ) ( 12,006 ) Balance at end of period $ 62,857 $ 63,820 $ 55,578 Receivables, net - Receivables are classified as current assets because the average collection period is generally shorter than one year. We monitor our exposure for credit losses based upon specific receivable balances and we record related allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We utilize an unrelated third-party provider for credit and collection services for receivables from the sale of wholesale products to certain retailers. This third-party provider guarantees payment for the majority of the serviced receivables. Inventories- All of our inventory is made up of finished goods. The U.S. Retail segment inventory is accounted for using the retail inventory method and is stated at the lower of cost or market. Under the retail inventory method, the valuation of inventories at cost and the resulting gross profits are determined by applying a calculated cost-to-retail ratio to the retail value of inventories. The cost basis of inventories is decreased by charges to cost of sales at the time the retail value of the inventory is lowered by markdowns. As a result, earnings are negatively impacted as the merchandise is marked down prior to sale. The Canada Retail segment and the Brand Portfolio segment inventory is accounted for using the moving average cost method and is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We monitor aged inventory for obsolete and slow-moving inventory that may need to be liquidated in the future at amounts below cost. Reductions to inventory values establish a new cost basis. Favorable changes in facts or circumstances do not result in an increase in the newly established cost basis. We perform physical inventory counts or cycle counts on all inventory on hand throughout the year and adjust the recorded balance to reflect the results. We record estimated shrink between physical inventory counts, based on historical experience and recent results, less amounts realized. Inherent in the calculation of inventories are certain significant judgments and estimates, including setting the original merchandise retail value, markdowns, shrink, and liquidation values. The ultimate amount realized from the sale of inventory and write-offs from counts could differ from management estimates. Concentration of Risks- We are subject to risks due to concentration of our merchandise coming from China. All of the products manufactured through the Brand Portfolio segment come from third-party facilities outside of the U.S., with 76 % of units sourced from China. In addition to the merchandise sourced through our Brand Portfolio segment, our U.S. Retail segment and Canada Retail segment also sources merchandise from both domestic and foreign third-party vendors. Many of our domestic vendors import a large portion of their merchandise from China. We are also subject to risks due to the concentration of vendors within the U.S. Retail and Canada Retail segments. During 2023, three key national brand vendors together supplied approximately 21 % of our retail merchandise, with no individual vendor providing more than 10% of our retail merchandise. Financial instruments, which principally subject us to concentration of credit risk, consist of cash and cash equivalents. We invest excess cash when available through financial institutions in money market accounts. At times, such amounts invested through banks may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits, and we mitigate the risk by utilizing multiple banks. 43 Table of contents Fair Value- Fair value is defined as the price that would be received in the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are categorized using defined hierarchical levels related to the subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair value measurements as follows: • Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable. • Level 3 - Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payables approximated their fair values due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of borrowings under our senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility ("ABL Revolver") and our senior secured term loan credit agreement, as amended, ("Term Loan") approximated fair value based on the terms and variable interest rates. Property and Equipment, net- Property and equipment, net, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation determined by the straight-line method over the expected useful life of assets. The net book value of property or equipment sold or retired is removed from the asset and related accumulated depreciation accounts with any resulting net gain or loss included in results of operations. Internal Use Software Costs- Costs related to software developed or obtained for internal use are expensed as incurred until the application development stage has been reached. Once the application development stage has been reached, certain qualifying costs are capitalized until the software is ready for its intended use. Capitalized software costs and the related accumulated amortization are included in property and equipment, net, on the consolidated balance sheets. Cloud Computing Arrangements- Capitalized implementation costs, net of accumulated amortization, for cloud computing arrangements accounted for as service contracts are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Capitalized implementation costs are amortized, once the implementation is complete, over the term of the service contract to operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. As of February 3, 2024 and January 28, 2023, we had $ 16.4 million and $ 9.5 million, respectively, of unamortized capitalized costs, and $ 4.5 million and $ 2.5 million, respectively, of accumulated amortization related to the capitalized costs. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, we had amortization expense related to capitalized costs of $ 2.4 million, $ 0.9 million and $ 0.2 million, respectively. Leases- A lease liability for new and modified leases is recorded based on the present value of future fixed lease commitments with a corresponding lease asset. For leases classified as operating leases, we recognize a single lease cost on a straight-line basis based on the combined amortization of the lease liability and the lease asset. Other leases will be accounted for as finance arrangements. For real estate leases, we are generally required to pay base rent, real estate taxes, and insurance, which are considered lease components, and maintenance, which is a non-lease component. We have elected to not separate non-lease payment components from the associated lease component for all new and modified real estate leases. We determine the discount rate for each lease by estimating the rate that we would be required to pay on a secured borrowing for an amount equal to the lease payments over the lease term when the rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined. The majority of our real estate leases provide for renewal options, which are typically not included in the lease term used for measuring the lease assets and lease liabilities as it is not reasonably certain we will exercise renewal options. We monitor for events or changes in circumstances that may require a reassessment of our leases and determine if a remeasurement is required. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets- We periodically evaluate the carrying amount of our long-lived assets, primarily operating lease assets, property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets, when events and circumstances warrant such a review to ascertain if any assets have been impaired. The reviews are conducted at the lowest identifiable level. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group is considered impaired when the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds the expected future cash flows from the asset or asset group. The impairment loss recognized is the excess of the carrying value of the asset or asset group over its fair value (categorized as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy). Fair value at the store level is primarily based on projected discounted cash flows over the remaining lease term. During 2023, we recorded impairment charges of $ 4.8 million, primarily in the Brand Portfolio segment resulting from an abandoned leased space. During 2022, we recorded impairment charges of $ 4.3 million , primarily in the Brand Portfolio segment resulting from subleases of vacated leased spaces. During 2021, we recorded impairment charges of $ 1.7 million, including $ 1.2 million in the U.S. Retail segment for abandoned equipment we replaced and $ 0.5 million in the Brand Portfolio segment for the sublease of a vacated leased space. 44 Table of contents Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets- We evaluate goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment annually during our fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that impairment may exist. When evaluating for impairment, we may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that there is an impairment. If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, or if we determine that it is more likely than not that the carrying value exceeds its fair value, we will calculate the estimated fair value. Fair value is typically calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis. Where deemed appropriate, we may also utilize a market approach for estimating fair value. Impairment charges are calculated as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, but not to exceed the carrying value for goodwill. Self-Insurance Reserves- We record estimates for certain health and welfare, workers' compensation and casualty insurance costs that are self-insured programs. Self-insurance reserves include actuarial estimates of both claims filed, carried at their expected ultimate settlement value, and claims incurred but not yet reported. The liability represents an estimate of the ultimate cost of claims incurred as of the balance sheet date. Estimates for self-insurance reserves are calculated utilizing claims development estimates based on historical experience and other factors. We have purchased stop loss insurance to limit our exposure on a per person basis for health and welfare and on a per claim basis for workers' compensation and general liability, as well as on an aggregate annual basis. Redeemable noncontrolling interest- As discussed in more detail in Note 2, Acquisitions , we have an exclusive call option and the noncontrolling interest holders have a put option with respect to our purchase of the remaining 20.6 % ownership interest in Topo upon the occurrence of certain events or after a period of three years following the transaction close. The redemption price is based on the future performance of Topo. As a result of the redemption feature, we record the remaining interest in Topo as a redeemable noncontrolling interest in temporary equity on the consolidated balance sheets. The noncontrolling interest is adjusted each reporting period for the net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest. Each reporting period, a measurement period adjustment, if any, is then recorded to adjust the noncontrolling interest to the higher of either the redemption value, assuming it was redeemable at the reporting date, or its carrying value. Any adjustments are also recorded as net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest. The following table presents activity related to our redeemable noncontrolling interest: (in thousands) 2023 2022 Balance at beginning of period $ 3,155 $ — Acquisition fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest — 3,165 Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest 154 ( 10 ) Distributions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest ( 21 ) — Balance at end of period $ 3,288 $ 3,155 Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions- Our wholly owned Canadian subsidiary has Canadian dollars as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities of this business are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date or historical rates as appropriate. Each quarter, amounts included in the consolidated statements of operations from this business are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The cumulative translation adjustments resulting from changes in exchange rates are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets. Transaction gains and losses are included in non-operating expenses, net, on the consolidated statements of operations. Deferred Compensation Plans - We provide deferred compensation plans, including defined contribution plans to eligible associates and a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for certain executives and members of the Board. Participants may elect to defer and contribute a portion of their eligible compensation to the plans up to limits stated in the plan documents, not to exceed the dollar amounts set by applicable laws. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized costs associated with matching contributions of $ 6.9 million, $ 6.2 million and $ 5.9 million, respectively. Variable Interest Entity- During 2022, we dissolved a consolidated variable interest entity joint venture along with related licensing and design and sourcing arrangements, which resulted in recording a termination fee of $ 5.2 million to operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Assets and liabilities of the joint venture were immaterial. 45 Table of contents Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements- In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures , which updates reportable segment disclosure requirements including, among other things, enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and information used to assess segment performance. ASU 2023-07 is effective on a retrospective basis to all prior periods presented beginning with our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent interim periods. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-07 to the notes of the consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures , which requires a tabular effective tax rate reconciliation, using both percentages and amounts, with specific categories provided as well as information regarding income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. We early adopted ASU 2023-09 on a retrospective basis for this 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as presented in Note 15, Income Taxes . 2. ACQUISITIONS ACQUISITION OF TOPO On December 13, 2022, we acquired a 79.4 % ownership interest in Topo for $ 19.3 million in cash. We have an exclusive call option and the noncontrolling interest holders have a put option with respect to our purchase of the remaining 20.6 % ownership interest upon the occurrence of certain events or after a period of three years following the close of the transaction. The redemption price is defined in the operating agreement and is based primarily on a fixed multiple of Topo's trailing 12 months of adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and other agreed upon adjustments. The final purchase price and the allocation of the total consideration to the fair values of the assets, liabilities, and redeemable noncontrolling interest consisted of the following: (in thousands) Preliminary Purchase Price and Allocation as of December 13, 2022 Measurement Period Adjustments Final Purchase Price and Allocation as of April 29, 2023 Purchase price cash consideration $ 19,062 $ 193 $ 19,255 Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired: Accounts receivables $ 3,195 $ ( 150 ) $ 3,045 Inventories 5,612 ( 20 ) 5,592 Goodwill 3,460 868 4,328 Intangible assets 12,500 ( 500 ) 12,000 Other assets 1,898 — 1,898 Accounts payable and other liabilities ( 4,438 ) ( 5 ) ( 4,443 ) Redeemable noncontrolling interest ( 3,165 ) — ( 3,165 ) $ 19,062 $ 193 $ 19,255 The fair value of the intangible assets relates to customer relationships and a tradename, which are amortized over a useful life of 10 and 15 years, respectively, and are based on the excess earnings method under the income approach with the relief from royalty method for the tradename. The fair value measurements are based on significant unobservable inputs, including discounted future cash flows, market-based assumed royalty rates, and customer attrition rates. The fair value measurement of the redeemable noncontrolling interest was calculated by considering the implied fair value of Topo using the purchase price and an estimated amount to redeem the noncontrolling interest. The goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired and was primarily attributable to acquiring an established design and sourcing process for athletic footwear. Goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. During 2022, we incurred $ 1.3 million of acquisition-related costs in connection with the acquisition of Topo, which were included in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. 46 Table of contents ACQUISITION OF KEDS On February 4, 2023, we acquired Keds, including the Keds brand, inventory, and inventory-related accounts payable, from Wolverine World Wide, Inc. ("Seller"). The cash consideration was funded with available cash and borrowings on the ABL Revolver. The final purchase price and the allocation of the total consideration to the fair values of the assets and liabilities consisted of the following: (in thousands) Preliminary Purchase Price and Allocation as of February 4, 2023 Measurement Period Adjustments Final Purchase Price and Allocation as of February 3, 2024 Purchase price: Cash Consideration $ 128,400 $ ( 1,096 ) $ 127,304 Due from Seller for estimated contingent consideration ( 3,500 ) ( 5,399 ) ( 8,899 ) $ 124,900 $ ( 6,495 ) $ 118,405 Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired: Inventories $ 46,700 $ ( 4,184 ) $ 42,516 Goodwill 36,787 ( 11,011 ) 25,776 Intangible assets 44,800 8,700 53,500 Accounts payable ( 3,387 ) — ( 3,387 ) $ 124,900 $ ( 6,495 ) $ 118,405 The purchase price was subject to adjustments primarily based upon estimated contingent considerations as provided by the purchase agreement, which are based on recognized sales and incurred marketing costs for certain identified aged inventories and may result in the Seller paying us up to $ 15.0 million by March 2024. We recorded an estimated amount due from Seller at fair value based on our estimated probability of the conditions being met requiring payment. Changes to the estimated amount due from Seller after we have finalized the purchase price and the allocation of the total consideration are recorded to earnings and have been immaterial. The fair value of inventories, which is made up of finished goods, was determined based on market assumptions for realizing a reasonable profit after selling costs. The fair value of the intangible assets relates to $ 46.9 million of an indefinite-lived tradename and $ 6.6 million of customer relationships, which is amortized over a useful life of 10 years, and are based on the excess earnings method under the income approach with the relief from royalty method for the tradename. The fair value measurements are based on significant unobservable inputs, including discounted future cash flows, market-based assumed royalty rates, and customer attrition rates. The goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired and was primarily attributable to acquiring an established design and sourcing process for casual footwear, including kids' footwear, with international distribution. Goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. We incurred $ 2.9 million of acquisition-related costs in connection with the acquisition of Keds, which was included in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. COMBINED RESULTS OF ACQUIRED ENTITIES As of February 3, 2024, the results of operations for Topo and Keds were not material and are included in the consolidated statements of operations within the Brand Portfolio segment. Supplemental pro forma results of operations reflecting the acquisitions are not presented as the impact on our consolidated financial results would not have been material. 47 Table of contents 3. REVENUE DISAGGREGATION OF NET SALES Net Sales by Brand Categories- The following table presents net sales disaggregated by brand categories for each segment: (in thousands) U.S. Retail Canada Retail (2) Brand Portfolio Eliminations Consolidated 2023 Owned Brands: (1) Direct-to-consumer $ 471,197 $ 45,025 $ 65,724 $ — $ 581,946 External customer wholesale, commission income and other — — 211,174 — 211,174 Intersegment wholesale and commission income — — 72,078 ( 72,078 ) — Total Owned Brands 471,197 45,025 348,976 ( 72,078 ) 793,120 National brands 2,062,652 219,204 — — 2,281,856 Total net sales $ 2,533,849 $ 264,229 $ 348,976 $ ( 72,078 ) $ 3,074,976 2022 Owned Brands: (1) Direct-to-consumer $ 569,741 $ 34,734 $ 37,840 $ — $ 642,315 External customer wholesale, commission income and other — — 202,834 — 202,834 Intersegment wholesale and commission income — — 87,041 ( 87,041 ) — Total Owned Brands 569,741 34,734 327,715 ( 87,041 ) 845,149 National brands 2,221,772 248,507 — — 2,470,279 Total net sales $ 2,791,513 $ 283,241 $ 327,715 $ ( 87,041 ) $ 3,315,428 2021 Owned Brands: (1) Direct-to-consumer $ 421,398 $ 14,612 $ 27,876 $ — $ 463,886 External customer wholesale, commission income and other — — 164,192 — 164,192 Intersegment wholesale and commission income — — 93,956 ( 93,956 ) — Total Owned Brands 421,398 14,612 286,024 ( 93,956 ) 628,078 National brands 2,348,308 220,197 — — 2,568,505 Total net sales $ 2,769,706 $ 234,809 $ 286,024 $ ( 93,956 ) $ 3,196,583 (1) "Owned Brands" refers to those brands we have rights to sell through ownership or license arrangements. Beginning in the first quarter of 2023, sales of the Keds brand are included in Owned Brands as a result of our acquisition of Keds. Sales of the Keds brand in periods prior to the first quarter of 2023 are not recast as this brand was considered a national brand during those periods. (2) Beginning with this Form 10-K, we are providing a breakout of Canada Retail segment net sales by brand categories and we have recast 2022 and 2021 on a consistent basis. 48 Table of contents Net Sales by Product and Service Categories - The following table presents net sales disaggregated by product and service categories for each segment: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Net sales: U.S. Retail segment: Women's footwear $ 1,628,769 $ 1,803,486 $ 1,772,729 Men's footwear 571,142 611,426 620,631 Kids' footwear 197,098 220,665 234,806 Accessories and other 136,840 155,936 141,540 2,533,849 2,791,513 2,769,706 Canada Retail segment: Women's footwear 146,061 151,459 117,045 Men's footwear 69,261 75,401 60,972 Kids' footwear 38,831 44,931 48,503 Accessories and other 10,076 11,450 8,289 264,229 283,241 234,809 Brand Portfolio segment: Wholesale 271,655 276,887 240,491 Commission income and other 11,597 12,988 17,657 Direct-to-consumer 65,724 37,840 27,876 348,976 327,715 286,024 Total segment net sales 3,147,054 3,402,469 3,290,539 Elimination of intersegment sales ( 72,078 ) ( 87,041 ) ( 93,956 ) Total net sales $ 3,074,976 $ 3,315,428 $ 3,196,583 DEFERRED REVENUE LIABILITIES We record deferred revenue liabilities, included in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets, for remaining obligations we have to our customers. The following table presents the changes and total balances for gift cards and loyalty programs: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Gift cards: Beginning of period $ 35,121 $ 36,783 $ 34,442 Gift cards redeemed and breakage recognized to net sales ( 66,466 ) ( 74,016 ) ( 75,352 ) Gift cards issued 63,007 72,354 77,693 End of period $ 31,662 $ 35,121 $ 36,783 Loyalty programs: Beginning of period $ 16,900 $ 15,736 $ 11,379 Loyalty certificates redeemed and expired and other adjustments recognized to net sales ( 31,712 ) ( 32,923 ) ( 30,453 ) Deferred revenue for loyalty points issued 30,783 34,087 34,810 End of period $ 15,971 $ 16,900 $ 15,736 49 Table of contents CUSTOMER RETURNS AND ALLOWANCES We reduce sales by the amount of actual and remaining expected customer returns and allowances, and cost of sales by the amount of merchandise we expect to recover. Customer allowances may be provided to our wholesale customers for margin assistance, advertising support, and various other deductions. Customer returns and allowances are estimated based on anticipated future activity using historical experience and trends and existing arrangements with customers. The following table presents the changes and total balances for customer returns and allowances: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Beginning of period $ 19,337 $ 20,671 $ 21,912 Net sales reduced for estimated returns and allowances 489,375 483,418 433,111 Actual returns and allowances during the period ( 489,143 ) ( 484,752 ) ( 434,352 ) End of period $ 19,569 $ 19,337 $ 20,671 As of February 3, 2024 and January 28, 2023, the asset for recovery of merchandise returns was $ 10.0 million and $ 8.8 million, respectively, and is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. 4. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS SCHOTTENSTEIN AFFILIATES We have transactions with entities owned or controlled by Jay L. Schottenstein, the executive chairman of our Board, and members of his family (the "Schottenstein Affiliates"). As of February 3, 2024, the Schottenstein Affiliates beneficially owned approximately 26 % of the Company's outstanding common shares, representing approximately 62 % of the combined voting power, consisting of, in the aggregate, 7.1 million Class A common shares and 7.7 million Class B common shares. The following summarizes the related party transactions with the Schottenstein Affiliates for the relevant periods: Leases- We lease certain store and office locations that are owned by the Schottenstein Affiliates. We also leased a fulfillment center from a Schottenstein Affiliate through September 2022 that was not renewed. See Note 13 , Leases , for rent expense and future minimum lease payment requirements associated with the Schottenstein Affiliates. Other Purchases and Services - During 2023, 2022 and 2021, we had other purchases and services we incurred from the Schottenstein Affiliates of $ 2.7 million, $ 4.3 million and $ 4.9 million, respectively. Due to Related Parties- Amounts due to the Schottenstein Affiliates, other than operating lease liabilities, were immaterial for all periods presented. EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS ABG-Camuto- We have a 40.0 % ownership interest in ABG-Camuto. We have a licensing agreement with ABG-Camuto, pursuant to which we pay royalties on the net sales of the brands owned by ABG-Camuto, subject to guaranteed minimums. For 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recorded royalty expense for amounts paid to ABG-Camuto of $ 18.1 million, $ 18.3 million and $ 18.2 million, respectively. Amounts due to ABG-Camuto were immaterial for all periods presented. Le Tigre - We have a 33.3 % ownership interest in Le Tigre. During 2022, we entered into a license agreement with Le Tigre, whereby we pay royalties on our net sales of the Le Tigre brand, subject to guaranteed minimums. The license agreement provides for the exclusive right to design and source Le Tigre branded footwear. Activity with Le Tigre was immaterial for all periods presented. 50 Table of contents 5. EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share is based on net income attributable to Designer Brands Inc. and the weighted average of Class A and Class B common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution of common shares adjusted for outstanding stock options and RSUs calculated using the treasury stock method. The following is a reconciliation between basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as used in the calculation of earnings per share attributable to Designer Brands Inc.: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Weighted average basic shares outstanding 61,296 67,603 73,024 Dilutive effect of stock-based compensation awards 2,079 4,498 4,244 Weighted average diluted shares outstanding 63,375 72,101 77,268 For 2023, 2022 and 2021, the number of shares relating to potentially dilutive stock-based compensation awards that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share due to their anti-dilutive effect was 2.6 million, 2.9 million and 3.1 million, respectively. 6. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The DSW Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Plan") provides for the issuance of stock-based compensation awards to eligible recipients. Eligible recipients include associates, including executive officers, and non-employee directors. The maximum number of shares of Class A common shares underlying awards that may be issued over the term of the Plan cannot exceed 11.0 million shares. As of February 3, 2024 , 6.1 million Class A common shares remain available for future stock-based compensation grants under the Plan. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $ 29.4 million, $ 28.5 million and $ 23.9 million, respectively. STOCK OPTIONS Stock options were granted with an exercise price per share equal to the fair market value of our Class A common shares on the grant date. Stock options generally vest 20 % per year on a cumulative basis and remain exercisable for a period of 10 years from the date of grant. As of February 3, 2024, there were no unvested stock options and stock option activity for the periods presented was immaterial. RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS Grants of time-based RSUs generally cliff vest after three years , and performance-based RSUs generally cliff vest after three years based upon the achievement of pre-established goals as of the end of the first year of the term. RSUs receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional RSUs, which are subject to the same restrictions and forfeiture provisions as the original award. The grant date fair value of RSUs is based on the closing market price of the Class A common shares on the date of the grant. The following table summarizes the RSU activity for 2023: Time-Based RSUs Performance-Based RSUs (shares in thousands) Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding - beginning of period 6,790 $ 9.95 969 $ 14.79 Granted 2,757 $ 8.97 819 $ 8.63 Vested ( 4,562 ) $ 7.78 ( 302 ) $ 15.38 Forfeited ( 602 ) $ 11.99 ( 250 ) $ 11.34 Outstanding - end of period 4,383 $ 11.31 1,236 $ 11.26 The total fair value of time-based RSUs that vested during 2023, 2022 and 2021, was $ 35.5 million, $ 17.0 million and $ 15.1 million, respectively. As of February 3, 2024, the total compensation cost related to unvested time-based RSUs not yet recognized was $ 21.2 million, with a weighted average expense recognition period remaining of 1.9 years. 51 Table of contents The total fair value of performance-based RSUs that vested during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 4.6 million, $ 3.7 million and $ 7.4 million, respectively. As of February 3, 2024, the total compensation cost related to unvested performance-based RSUs not yet recognized was approximately $ 1.3 million, with a weighted average expense recognition period remaining of 1.0 year. DIRECTOR STOCK UNITS We issue stock units to non-employee directors. Stock units are granted to each director on the date of each annual meeting of shareholders based on the closing market price of the Class A common shares. In addition, each director that is eligible to receive compensation for board service may elect to have the cash portion of such compensation paid in the form of stock units. Director stock units vest immediately, and directors are given the option to settle their units 30 days after the grant date, at a specified date more than 30 days following the grant date, or defer receipt until completion of board service. Director stock units not yet settled, which are not subject to forfeiture, are considered to be outstanding for the purposes of computing basic earnings per share. As of February 3, 2024, we had 0.5 million director stock units not yet settled. 7. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY SHARES Our Class A common shares are listed for trading under the ticker symbol "DBI" on the New York Stock Exchange. There is currently no public market for the Company's Class B common shares, but the Class B common shares can be converted into the Company's Class A common shares at the election of the holder on a share for share basis. Holders of Class A common shares are entitled to one vote per share and holders of Class B common shares are entitled to eight votes per share on matters submitted to shareholders for approval. The following table provides additional information for our common shares: (in thousands) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 Class A Class B Class A Class B Authorized shares 250,000 100,000 250,000 100,000 Issued shares 92,051 7,733 88,803 7,733 Outstanding shares 49,491 7,733 55,921 7,733 Treasury shares 42,560 — 32,882 — We have authorized 100 million shares of no par value preferred shares, with no shares issued for any of the periods presented. DIVIDENDS On March 14, 2024, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend payment of $ 0.05 per share for both Class A and Class B common shares. The dividend will be paid on April 12, 2024 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 29, 2024. SHARE REPURCHASES On August 17, 2017, the Board authorized the repurchase of an additional $ 500.0 million of Class A common shares under our share repurchase program, which was added to the $ 33.5 million remaining from the previous authorization. On June 8, 2023, we commenced a modified "Dutch Auction" tender offer (the "Tender Offer"), to purchase up to $ 100.0 million of the Company's Class A common shares. The Tender Offer expired on July 7, 2023 and on July 12, 2023, we repurchased 1.5 million Class A common shares under the Tender Offer at a purchase price of $ 10.00 per share and at an aggregate cost of $ 15.1 million, including transaction costs. During 2023 , we repurchased an aggregate of 9.7 million Class A common shares, including open market purchases and th e 1.5 million Class A common shares purchased under the Tender Offer, at an aggregate cost of $ 102.2 million, including transaction costs and excise tax. Share repurchases were funded from the proceeds from our Term Loan. As of February 3, 2024, $ 87.7 million of Class A common shares remained available for repurchase under the share repurchase program. The share repurchase program may be suspended, modified, or discontinued at any time, and we have no obligation to repurchase any amount of our Class A common shares under the program. Under the share repurchase program, shares will be repurchased in the open market at times and in amounts considered appropriate based on price and market conditions. 52 Table of contents 8. RECEIVABLES Receivables, net, consisted of the following: (in thousands) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 Customer accounts receivables: Receivables with payment guarantee by third-party provider $ 18,615 $ 19,539 Receivables without payment guarantee 7,890 5,241 Income tax receivable 44,476 44,021 Other receivables 13,093 9,274 Total receivables 84,074 78,075 Allowance for doubtful accounts ( 484 ) ( 312 ) $ 83,590 $ 77,763 Activity for the allowance for doubtful accounts was immaterial for all periods presented. 9. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following: (dollars in thousands) Useful Life (years) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 Land Indefinite $ 1,110 $ 1,110 Buildings 39 12,485 12,485 Building and leasehold improvements 3 - 20 or the lease term if shorter 447,715 434,958 Furniture, fixtures and equipment 3 - 15 455,871 437,606 Software 3 - 5 232,148 217,485 Construction-in-progress 10,541 21,368 Total property and equipment 1,159,870 1,125,012 Accumulated depreciation and amortization ( 939,931 ) ( 889,582 ) $ 219,939 $ 235,430 53 Table of contents 10. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS GOODWILL The following table presents the changes to goodwill by segment: (in thousands) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 Goodwill Accumulated Impairments Net Goodwill Accumulated Impairments Net Beginning of period by segment: U.S. Retail $ 93,655 $ — $ 93,655 $ 93,655 $ — $ 93,655 Canada Retail 41,357 ( 41,357 ) — 43,114 ( 43,114 ) — Brand Portfolio 23,449 ( 19,989 ) 3,460 19,989 ( 19,989 ) — 158,461 ( 61,346 ) 97,115 156,758 ( 63,103 ) 93,655 Activity by segment: Canada Retail- Currency translation adjustment ( 429 ) 429 — ( 1,757 ) 1,757 — Brand Portfolio: Purchase price and allocation adjustments for acquisition of Topo 868 — 868 3,460 — 3,460 Acquired Keds goodwill 25,776 — 25,776 — — — 26,215 429 26,644 1,703 1,757 3,460 End of period by segment: U.S. Retail 93,655 — 93,655 93,655 — 93,655 Canada Retail 40,928 ( 40,928 ) — 41,357 ( 41,357 ) — Brand Portfolio 50,093 ( 19,989 ) 30,104 23,449 ( 19,989 ) 3,460 $ 184,676 $ ( 60,917 ) $ 123,759 $ 158,461 $ ( 61,346 ) $ 97,115 INTANGIBLE ASSETS Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following: (in thousands) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Definite-lived customer relationships $ 14,338 $ ( 4,049 ) $ 10,289 $ 7,852 $ ( 1,454 ) $ 6,398 Definite-lived tradename 11,953 ( 1,099 ) 10,854 10,853 ( 292 ) 10,561 Indefinite-lived trademarks and tradenames 61,684 — 61,684 14,907 — 14,907 $ 87,975 $ ( 5,148 ) $ 82,827 $ 33,612 $ ( 1,746 ) $ 31,866 Definite-lived customer relationships and tradenames have a useful life of 10 and 15 years, respectively. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, amortization expense for intangible assets was $ 1.9 million, $ 0.4 million and $ 0.1 million, respectively, included within operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. As of February 3, 2024, the estimated future annual amortization expense for the intangible assets is $ 1.9 million over the next 5 years. 54 Table of contents 11. ACCRUED EXPENSES Accrued expenses consisted of the following: (in thousands) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 Gift cards $ 31,662 $ 35,121 Accrued compensation and related expenses 19,342 45,019 Accrued taxes 23,134 19,419 Loyalty programs deferred revenue 15,971 16,900 Customer returns and allowances 19,569 19,337 Other 49,944 54,880 $ 159,622 $ 190,676 12. DEBT Debt consisted of the following: (in thousands) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 ABL Revolver $ 301,070 $ 281,035 Term Loan 133,125 — Total debt 434,195 281,035 Less unamortized Term Loan debt issuance costs ( 7,101 ) — Less current maturities of long-term debt ( 6,750 ) — Long-term debt $ 420,344 $ 281,035 As of February 3, 2024, future maturities of debt are as follows: (in thousands) 2024 $ 6,750 2025 6,750 2026 6,750 2027 413,945 Total $ 434,195 ABL REVOLVER On March 30, 2022, we replaced our previous senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility with our current ABL Revolver, which was subsequently amended on February 28, 2023 and June 23, 2023. The amended ABL Revolver provides a revolving line of credit of up to $ 600.0 million, including a Canadian sub-limit of up to $ 60.0 million, a $ 75.0 million sub-limit for the issuance of letters of credit, a $ 60.0 million sub-limit for swing-loan advances for U.S. borrowings, and a $ 6.0 million sub-limit for swing-loan advances for Canadian borrowings. In addition, the ABL Revolver includes a first-in last-out term loan ("FILO Term Loan") of up to $ 30.0 million, which was drawn in full on February 28, 2023. The FILO Term Loan may be repaid in full, but not in part, so long as certain payment conditions are satisfied. Once repaid, no portion of the FILO Term Loan may be reborrowed. Our ABL Revolver matures in March 2027 and is secured by a first-priority lien on substantially all of our personal property assets, including credit card receivables and inventory. The ABL Revolver may be used to provide funds for working capital, capital expenditures, share repurchases, other expenditures, and permitted acquisitions as defined by the credit facility agreement. The amount of credit available is limited to a borrowing base formulated on, among other things, a percentage of the book value of eligible inventory and credit card receivables, as reduced by certain reserves. As of February 3, 2024, the revolving line of credit (excluding the FILO Term Loan) had a borrowing base of $ 437.0 million, with $ 271.1 million in outstanding borrowings and $ 5.0 million in letters of credit issued, resulting in $ 160.9 million available for borrowings. 55 Table of contents Borrowings under the revolving line of credit and letters of credit issued under the ABL Revolver accrue interest, at our option, at a rate equal to: (A) a base rate per annum equal to the greatest of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the Fed Funds Rate (as defined in the credit facility agreement and subject to a floor of 0 %) plus 0.5 %, and (iii) Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the credit facility agreement) plus 1.0 %; or (B) a one-month, three-month or six-month Adjusted Term SOFR per annum (subject to a floor of 0 %), plus, in each instance, an applicable rate to be determined based on average availability. The FILO Term Loan accrues interest, at our option, at a rate equal to: (A) a fluctuating interest rate per annum equal to the greatest of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the Fed Funds Rate plus 0.5 %, or (iii) Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.0 %, plus 2.5 %; or (B) Adjusted Term SOFR for the interest period in effect for such borrowing plus 3.5 %. Commitment fees are based on the unused portion of the ABL Revolver available for borrowings. Interest expense related to the ABL Revolver includes interest on borrowings and letters of credit, with an interest rate of 7.6 % as of February 3, 2024, commitment fees, and the amortization of debt issuance costs. TERM LOAN On June 23, 2023, we entered into the Term Loan and have since borrowed the maximum aggregate amount of $ 135.0 million during 2023, consisting of $ 121.5 million in U.S. loans and $ 13.5 million in Canadian loans (denominated in USD). The Term Loan matures at the earliest of the date the ABL Revolver matures (currently March 2027) or five years from closing of the Term Loan (June 2028). The Term Loan is collateralized by a first priority lien on substantially all of our personal, real, and intellectual property and by a second priority lien on the assets used as collateral for the ABL revolver, primarily credit card receivables, accounts receivable, and inventory. Borrowings under the Term Loan bear interest at a per annum rate equal to: (A) an adjusted three-month SOFR per annum (subject to a floor of 2.0 %), plus 7.0 %; or if (A) is not available, then (B) a base rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) 2.0 %, (ii) the prime rate, (iii) the Fed Funds Rate plus 0.5 %, and (iv) the Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.0 %; plus, in each instance, 6.0 %, with an interest rate of 12.4 % (effective interest rate of 13.8 % when including the amortization of debt issuance costs) as of February 3, 2024. DEBT COVENANTS The ABL Revolver requires us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio covenant of not less than 1 :1 when availability is less than the greater of $ 47.3 million or 10.0 % of the maximum borrowing amount. At any time that liquidity is less than $ 100.0 million, the Term Loan requires a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio as of the last day of each fiscal month, calculated on a trailing twelve-month basis, of (1) 2.25 to 1.00 for any trailing twelve-month period through February 3, 2024, and (2) 2.50 to 1.00 thereafter. Testing of the consolidated net leverage ratio ends after liquidity has been greater than or equal to $ 100.0 million for a period of 45 consecutive days. The ABL Revolver and the Term Loan also contain customary covenants restricting certain activities, including limitations on our ability to sell assets, engage in acquisitions, enter into transactions involving related parties, incur additional debt, grant liens on assets, pay dividends or repurchase stock, and make certain other changes. There are specific exceptions to these covenants including, in some cases, upon satisfying specified payment conditions based on availability. The ABL Revolver and the Term Loan contain customary events of default, including failure to comply with certain financial and other covenants. Upon an event of default that is not cured or waived within the cure periods, in addition to other remedies that may be available to the lenders, our obligations may be accelerated, outstanding letters of credit may be required to be cash collateralized, and remedies may be exercised against the collateral. As of February 3, 2024, we were in compliance with all financial covenants contained in the ABL Revolver and the Term Loan. TERMINATION OF PREVIOUS TERM LOAN On February 8, 2022, we settled in full the $ 231.3 million principal amount outstanding on that date under our previous senior secured term loan agreement ("Previous Term Loan"). In connection with this settlement, during 2022 we incurred a $ 12.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt, composed of a $ 6.9 million prepayment premium and a $ 5.7 million write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs. 13. LEASES We lease our stores, our distribution center located in New Jersey, and other facilities under operating lease arrangements with unrelated parties and related parties owned by the Schottenstein Affiliates. We pay variable amounts for certain lease and non-lease components, contingent rent based on sales for certain leases where the sales are in excess of specified levels, and leases that have certain contingent triggering events that are in effect. We also lease equipment under operating leases. We receive operating sublease income from unrelated third parties for leasing portions or all of certain properties. 56 Table of contents Operating sublease income and lease expense consisted of the following: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Operating sublease income $ 7,916 $ 10,077 $ 11,879 Operating lease expense: Lease expense to unrelated parties $ 190,497 $ 187,372 $ 192,146 Lease expense to related parties 6,622 7,783 9,273 Variable lease expense to unrelated parties 69,324 71,830 73,159 Variable lease expense to related parties 1,460 1,422 1,520 $ 267,903 $ 268,407 $ 276,098 Lease term and discount rate for our operating leases were as follows: February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 Other operating lease information: Weighted-average remaining lease term 5.9 years 5.7 years Weighted-average discount rate 4.9 % 4.2 % As of February 3, 2024, our future f ixed minimum lease payments are as follows: (in thousands) Unrelated Parties Related Parties Total 2024 $ 186,425 $ 4,856 $ 191,281 2025 179,374 5,637 185,011 2026 148,711 5,241 153,952 2027 120,796 4,742 125,538 2028 84,216 3,075 87,291 Future fiscal years thereafter 203,883 6,398 210,281 923,405 29,949 953,354 Less discounting impact on operating leases ( 134,879 ) ( 5,783 ) ( 140,662 ) Total operating lease liabilities 788,526 24,166 812,692 Less current operating lease liabilities ( 160,886 ) ( 5,645 ) ( 166,531 ) Non-current operating lease liabilities $ 627,640 $ 18,521 $ 646,161 As of February 3, 2024, we had entered into lease commitments for four new store locations, four store relocations, and one new distribution center where the leases have not yet commenced, and therefore the lease liabilities have not yet been recorded. We expect the lease commencements to begin over the next five fiscal quarters for these locations, and we will record additional operating lease liabilities of approximately $ 31.8 million. As it relates to the new distribution center, we have also entered into lease commitments for the equipment that will be used to operate the distribution center, which are expected to commence over the next five fiscal quarters and we will record additional finance lease liabilities of approximately $ 33.4 million. 14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are involved in various legal proceedings that are incidental to the conduct of our business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the eventual outcome of any litigation, we believe the amount of any potential liability with respect to current legal proceedings will not be material to the results of operations or financial condition. As additional information becomes available, we will assess any potential liability related to pending litigation and revise the estimates as needed. 57 Table of contents GUARANTEES We provide guarantees for lease obligations that are scheduled to expire in 2025 for locations that have been leased to third parties. If a third party does not pay the rent or vacates the premises, we may be required to make full rent payments to the landlord. As of February 3, 2024, the total future payment requirements for these guarantees were approximately $ 4.1 million. CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS As of February 3, 2024, we had entered into various noncancelable purchase and service agreements, including agreements with remaining terms in excess of one year and construction commitments for capital items to be purchased for projects that were under construction or for which a lease has been signed. In addition, we have license agreements that allow us to use brands owned by third parties, including a license agreement with our equity investments (related parties), that have guaranteed minimum royalty payments. As of February 3, 2024, our noncancelable purchase obligations and future guaranteed minimum royalty payments were as follows: (in thousands) Noncancelable Purchase Obligations Guaranteed Minimum Royalties Unrelated Parties Related Parties Total 2024 $ 18,852 $ 15,934 $ 20,163 $ 36,097 2025 5,839 16,184 20,225 36,409 2026 3,887 16,434 20,325 36,759 2027 893 16,434 20,213 36,647 2028 518 14,184 19,650 33,834 $ 29,989 $ 79,170 $ 100,576 $ 179,746 15. INCOME TAXES Income before income taxes consisted of the following: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Domestic income $ 19,499 $ 131,131 $ 161,409 Foreign income 20,698 28,393 11,616 $ 40,197 $ 159,524 $ 173,025 Income tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Current: Federal $ ( 594 ) $ 36,018 $ 16,696 State and local 547 12,120 1,061 Foreign 1,904 449 1,774 Total current tax expense 1,857 48,587 19,531 Deferred: Federal 3,766 ( 29,025 ) ( 555 ) State and local 5,362 ( 10,591 ) 124 Foreign ( 4 ) ( 12,113 ) ( 556 ) Total deferred tax expense (benefit) 9,124 ( 51,729 ) ( 987 ) Income tax provision (benefit) $ 10,981 $ ( 3,142 ) $ 18,544 58 Table of contents The following presents a reconciliation of the income tax provision based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the total effective tax rate: (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Amount % Amount % Amount % U.S. federal tax at statutory rate $ 8,441 21.0 % $ 33,502 21.0 % $ 36,335 21.0 % State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect (1) ( 92 ) ( 0.2 ) 242 0.2 ( 3,041 ) ( 1.8 ) Foreign tax effects: Statutory tax rate difference between Canada and U.S. 882 2.2 1,162 0.6 607 0.4 Changes in valuation allowances — — ( 19,408 ) ( 12.2 ) ( 584 ) ( 0.3 ) Other 190 0.5 419 0.4 ( 795 ) ( 0.5 ) Effects of changes in tax laws or rates enacted in the current period — — — — ( 1,697 ) ( 1.0 ) Changes in valuation allowances ( 588 ) ( 1.5 ) ( 28,870 ) ( 18.1 ) ( 16,832 ) ( 9.7 ) Nontaxable or nondeductible items: Share-based payment awards ( 2,205 ) ( 5.5 ) 1,470 0.9 1,268 0.7 Limitation on executive compensation 5,783 14.4 4,683 2.9 5,531 3.2 Federal interest income ( 2,474 ) ( 6.2 ) ( 3,029 ) ( 1.9 ) ( 502 ) ( 0.3 ) Other ( 258 ) ( 0.6 ) 772 0.5 ( 1,383 ) ( 0.8 ) Changes in unrecognized tax benefits 1,540 3.8 6,045 3.8 1,361 0.8 Other adjustments ( 238 ) ( 0.6 ) ( 130 ) ( 0.1 ) ( 1,724 ) ( 1.0 ) Effective tax rate $ 10,981 27.3 % $ ( 3,142 ) ( 2.0 ) % $ 18,544 10.7 % (1) State taxes in New York and California made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: (in thousands) February 3, 2024 January 28, 2023 Deferred tax assets: Operating lease liabilities $ 206,720 $ 209,310 Net operating losses 17,891 21,688 Stock-based compensation 8,153 9,503 Inventories 7,485 9,252 Interest 4,409 — Accrued expenses 3,930 7,038 Loyalty programs deferred revenue 3,742 3,905 State bonus depreciation 3,243 3,655 Gift cards 2,517 2,756 Other 3,892 2,055 261,982 269,162 Less: valuation allowance ( 12,131 ) ( 14,027 ) Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 249,851 255,135 Deferred tax liabilities: Operating lease assets ( 186,896 ) ( 182,953 ) Property and equipment ( 15,902 ) ( 19,068 ) Other ( 7,986 ) ( 4,829 ) Total deferred tax liabilities ( 210,784 ) ( 206,850 ) Net deferred tax assets $ 39,067 $ 48,285 59 Table of contents As of February 3, 2024, the remaining valuation allowance was primarily related to state deferred tax assets. Additionally, there were $ 12.8 million state, $ 4.4 million foreign, and $ 0.7 million federal net operating losses, which, if not utilized, a portion of the carryovers will begin to expire in 2025, 2038, and 2036, respectively. During 2020, a valuation allowance was recognized as a reserve on the total deferred tax asset balance and was maintained until the end of 2022. This valuation allowance was the result of losses incurred in 2020 due to the impacts of the coronavirus pandemic that resulted in a three-year cumulative loss position, which was significant objective negative evidence in considering whether deferred tax assets were realizable. During 2022, we released the valuation allowance on the majority of the U.S. and Canada deferred tax assets given the continued realization of income since 2020, being in a three-year cumulative adjusted earnings position, and having projected future income. These factors provided sufficient evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that the majority of the U.S. and Canada deferred tax assets are realizable. The following table presents the changes in valuation allowance: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Valuation allowance - beginning of period $ 14,027 $ 70,762 $ 101,185 Allowances taken or written off ( 666 ) ( 55,654 ) ( 29,950 ) Other adjustments ( 1,230 ) ( 1,081 ) ( 473 ) Valuation allowance - end of period $ 12,131 $ 14,027 $ 70,762 We intend to continue to invest all of the earnings of foreign subsidiaries, as well as our capital in these subsidiaries outside of the U.S. and we do not expect to incur any significant additional taxes related to such amounts. Net cash paid (refunds received) for income taxes consisted of the following: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Federal $ 15,500 $ ( 83,316 ) $ 28,859 Aggregated state and local jurisdictions 1,853 6,629 ( 907 ) Disaggregated state and local jurisdictions: California 941 — — New York ( 2,534 ) — — City of Columbus, Ohio 1,005 — — Foreign 307 555 467 Net cash paid (refunds received) for income taxes $ 17,072 $ ( 76,132 ) $ 28,419 The following table presents the changes in gross unrecognized tax benefits: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Unrecognized tax benefits - beginning of period $ 15,785 $ 11,108 $ 10,087 Additions for tax positions taken in the current year 3,042 5,342 1,021 Lapses of applicable statues of limitations ( 2,323 ) — — Settlements of tax positions taken in prior years ( 71 ) ( 665 ) — Unrecognized tax benefits - end of period $ 16,433 $ 15,785 $ 11,108 We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the income tax provision (benefit). As of February 3, 2024, January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022, interest and penalties we re $ 5.6 million, $ 4.7 million and $ 3.1 million, respectively. 16. SEGMENT REPORTING Our three reportable segments, which are also operating segments, are the U.S. Retail segment, the Canada Retail segment, and the Brand Portfolio segment. We have determined that the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") is our CEO and we have identified such segments based on internal management reporting and responsibilities. The performance of each segment is based primarily on net sales and gross profit. As a result, we do not allocate operating expenses to the segments. Total assets 60 Table of contents by segment are not presented in the table below as the CODM does not evaluate, manage, or measure performance of segments using total assets. The following table provides certain financial da ta by segment reconciled to the consolidated financial statements: (in thousands) U.S. Retail Canada Retail Brand Portfolio Corporate / Eliminations Consolidated 2023 Net sales: External customer sales $ 2,533,849 $ 264,229 $ 276,898 $ — $ 3,074,976 Intersegment sales — — 72,078 ( 72,078 ) — Total net sales $ 2,533,849 $ 264,229 $ 348,976 $ ( 72,078 ) $ 3,074,976 Gross profit $ 794,266 $ 84,794 $ 92,545 $ 3,281 $ 974,886 Income from equity investments $ — $ — $ 9,390 $ — $ 9,390 Cash paid for property and equipment $ 27,977 $ 5,719 $ 2,211 $ 19,090 $ 54,997 Depreciation and amortization $ 27,250 $ 6,178 $ 7,811 $ 24,901 $ 66,140 2022 Net sales: External customer sales $ 2,791,513 $ 283,241 $ 240,674 $ — $ 3,315,428 Intersegment sales — — 87,041 ( 87,041 ) — Total net sales $ 2,791,513 $ 283,241 $ 327,715 $ ( 87,041 ) $ 3,315,428 Gross profit $ 904,583 $ 99,121 $ 72,006 $ 3,515 $ 1,079,225 Income from equity investments $ — $ — $ 8,864 $ — $ 8,864 Cash paid for property and equipment $ 27,567 $ 3,169 $ 1,501 $ 22,737 $ 54,974 Depreciation and amortization $ 45,101 $ 6,629 $ 5,480 $ 24,105 $ 81,315 2021 Net sales: External customer sales $ 2,769,706 $ 234,809 $ 192,068 $ — $ 3,196,583 Intersegment sales — — 93,956 ( 93,956 ) — Total net sales $ 2,769,706 $ 234,809 $ 286,024 $ ( 93,956 ) $ 3,196,583 Gross profit $ 933,555 $ 76,728 $ 66,774 $ ( 8,420 ) $ 1,068,637 Income from equity investment $ — $ — $ 8,986 $ — $ 8,986 Cash paid for property and equipment $ 15,296 $ 3,225 $ 630 $ 13,879 $ 33,030 Depreciation and amortization $ 40,693 $ 7,378 $ 5,262 $ 24,590 $ 77,923 The U.S. Retail and Brand Portfolio segments net sales recognized were primarily based on sales to customers in the U.S., and the Canada Retail segment net sales recognized were based on sales to customers in Canada. Net sales realized from geographic markets outside of the U.S. and Canada were collectively immaterial. As of February 3, 2024 and January 28, 2023, long-lived assets, consisting of property and equipment and operating lease assets, included $ 879.2 million and $ 875.7 million, respectively, in the U.S. and $ 61.1 million and $ 58.6 million, respectively, in Canada, with only an immaterial amount in other countries. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated total net sales. However, the Brand Portfolio segment has five customers that make up 40 % of its segment net sales, excluding intersegment net sales, and the loss of any or all of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the Brand Portfolio segment. 61 Table of contents ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None.