Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Our future income and cash flows relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevalent market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $645.0 million of outstanding USD-denominated variable-rate debt and C$250.0 million of outstanding CAD-denominated variable-rate debt under our Senior Unsecured Term Loan A Facility bearing interest at one-month SOFR for the USD tranche and one-month CDOR for the CAD tranche, plus a margin of up to 0.94%. We have entered into interest rate swaps to effectively lock in the floating rates on all of our USD-denominated term loan at a weighted average rate of 4.39% and all of our outstanding CAD-denominated term loan at a weighted average rate of 4.53%. As a result, the only borrowings that we have exposure to changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2023 consist of our borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility including: $34.0 million, C$35.0 million, €67.5 million, £78.0 million, A$191.0 million and NZD44.0 million. At December 31, 2023, one-month term and daily SOFR was approximately 5.31%, one-month CDOR was approximately 5.44%, one-month SONIA was at 5.19%, and one-month AUD BBSW was approximately 4.36%, one-month EURIBOR was approximately 3.84% and one-month BKBM was approximately 5.63%, therefore a 100 basis point increase in market interest rates would result in an increase in interest expense to service our variable-rate debt of approximately $3.9 million. A 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates would result in a decrease in interest of approximately $3.9 million.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our international revenues and expenses are generated in the currencies of the countries in which we operate, including Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Canada and several European countries. We are exposed to foreign currency exchange variability related to investments in and earnings from our foreign investments. Foreign currency market risk is the possibility that our results of operations or financial position could be better or worse than planned because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. When the local currencies in these countries decline relative to our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar, our consolidated revenues, contribution (NOI) margins and net investment in properties and operations outside the United States decrease. The impact of currency fluctuations on our earnings is partially mitigated by the fact that most operating and other expenses are also incurred and paid in the local currency. The impact of devaluation or depreciating currency on an entity depends on the residual effect on the local economy and the ability of an entity to raise prices and/or reduce expenses. Due to our constantly changing currency exposure and the potential substantial volatility of currency exchange rates, we cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on our business. As a result, changes in the relation of the currency of our international operations to U.S. dollars may also affect the book value of our assets and the amount of total equity. A 10% depreciation in the year-end functional currencies of our international operations, relative to the U.S. dollar, would have resulted in a reduction in our total equity of approximately $137.9 million as of December 31, 2023.
Our operations in Argentina are reported using highly inflationary accounting. The Argentina subsidiary’s functional currency is the Australian dollar, which is the reporting and functional currency of their immediate parent company. The entity’s statements of operations and balance sheets have been measured in Australian dollars using both current and historical exchange rates prior to translation into U.S. dollars in consolidation. As of December 31, 2023, the net monetary assets of the Argentina subsidiary were immaterial and, therefore, a 10% unfavorable change in the exchange rate would not be material. Additionally, the operating income of the Argentina subsidiary was less than 1.0% of our consolidated operating income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
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For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, revenues from our international operations were $597.2 million and $654.3 million, respectively, which represented 22.3% and 22.4% of our consolidated revenues, respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, net assets in international operations were approximately $1.1 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively.
The effect of a change in foreign exchange rates on our net investment in foreign subsidiaries is reflected in the Accumulated other comprehensive loss component of equity of our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We attempt to mitigate a portion of the risk of currency fluctuation by financing certain of our foreign investments in local currency denominations, effectively providing a natural hedge. However, given the volatility of currency exchange rates, there can be no assurance that this strategy will be effective. The Company has entered into cross-currency swaps on its foreign denominated intercompany loans to hedge the cash flow variability from the impact of changes in foreign currency on the interest payments on the intercompany loan as well as the final principal payment. Since the critical terms of the derivatives match the critical terms of the intercompany loans, the hedge is considered perfectly effective. All changes in fair value will be recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
On December 30, 2020, we closed on the Agro acquisition, which conducts a significant amount of its operations in Europe. In tandem with this acquisition, we closed on the Series D and E Senior Unsecured Notes in aggregate of €750 million. The debt was designated as a net investment hedge for the Agro operations, as the equity in the European entities is greater than the principal of the debt. Quarterly, effectiveness will be measured according to the amount of principal compared to the equity of the European entities. A portion of the Series D and E Senior Unsecured Notes may be undesignated if the equity is insufficient to hedge the principal from the Series D and E Senior Unsecured Notes issuance. The remeasurement on the Series D and E Senior Unsecured Notes will be recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Additionally, we entered into a foreign currency forward to exchange the €750 million proceeds for $877.4 million USD. On the date of issuance, the €750 million issuance was equivalent to $922.4 million USD, based on the spot rate. The difference between the proceeds from the foreign currency forward and the market equivalent on the date of debt issuance of $45 million was recorded to Foreign currency exchange loss, net, a component of other (expense) income of our Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2020, and included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As a result of the Agro acquisition, multiple intercompany loans were generated, denominated in various foreign currencies. These intercompany loans have been designated as long-term, permanent investments, whereby the periodic remeasurement will be recorded through Accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
On May 28, 2021, we closed on the Bowman acquisition. In order to fund the acquisition, we drew £68.5 million from our Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility. The debt was designated as a net investment hedge for the Bowman operations, as the equity residing in this entity is greater than the debt. A portion of this Revolver liability may be undesignated if the equity is insufficient to hedge the outstanding debt. The remeasurement on the GBP Revolver draws will be recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
On November 15, 2021, we closed on the Lago acquisition. In order to fund the acquisition, we drew $80 million AUD from our Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility. The debt was designated as a net investment hedge for the Lago operations, as the equity residing in this entity is greater than the debt. A portion of this Revolver
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liability may be undesignated if the equity is insufficient to hedge the outstanding debt. The remeasurement on the AUD Revolver draws will be recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
During 2022 and 2023, we have funded various international capital requirements including the De Bruyn acquisition, the Ormeau acquisition, the settlement of the Bowman acquisition deferred consideration and expansion and development projects with borrowings from our Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility. The foreign-denominated borrowings under our Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility was designated as a net investment hedge. A portion of this Revolver liability may be undesignated if the equity is insufficient to hedge the outstanding debt. The remeasurement on these borrowings will be recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss.