Co-Diagnostics, Inc. 10-K

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms (PCAOB ID No. 270 ) 35 Consolidated Balance Sheets 36 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss 37 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity 38 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 39 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 40 34 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders Co-Diagnostics, Inc. Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Co-Diagnostics, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the two-year period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Going Concern The financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has recurring losses from operations and negative operating cash flows and needs to obtain additional financing to finance its operations. These issues raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Impairment of Intangible Assets In December 2021 the Company acquired in-process research and development indefinite-lived intangible assets totaling $26,101,000. The Company assesses these assets for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that may indicate impairment. The Company’s analysis for the year ended December 31, 2025, required significant judgement to assess qualitative factors in determining whether it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired. As a result of their analysis, the Company determined there was a $18,882,000 impairment on the intangible assets. As such, the Company wrote down the assets and the value of the in-process research and development indefinite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2025, totaled $7,219,000. Auditing the Company’s annual impairment assessment was complex and highly judgmental due to the significant judgment required in determining whether the intangibles were valued in a reasonable and appropriate manner. This required a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence to evaluate management’s assessment in evaluating these indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment. These procedures included among others: (1) evaluating management’s process for evaluating impairment, (2) evaluating the factors assessed by management (3) evaluating the methods for valuing the impairment that was recorded (4) evaluating other relevant factors in making our own determination, and (5) evaluating and discussing considerations and conclusions made by management. /s/ Tanner LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023 Salt Lake City, Utah March 31, 2026 35 CO-DIAGNOSTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 11,884,607 $ 2,936,544 Marketable investment securities - 26,811,098 Accounts receivable, net 190,375 132,570 Inventory, net 992,397 1,072,724 Income taxes receivable 44,559 - Prepaid expenses and other current assets 581,527 1,338,762 Total current assets 13,693,465 32,291,698 Property and equipment, net 2,272,098 2,761,280 Operating lease right-of-use asset 1,207,453 2,114,876 Intangible assets, net 7,219,000 26,101,000 Investment in joint ventures 350,569 294,304 Total assets $ 24,742,585 $ 63,563,158 Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities Accounts payable $ 1,878,225 $ 3,294,254 Accrued expenses 865,301 2,562,169 Operating lease liability, current 662,258 915,619 Contingent consideration liabilities, current 119,036 502,819 Deferred revenue 14,800 40,857 Total current liabilities 3,539,620 7,315,718 Long-term liabilities Income taxes payable - 713,643 Operating lease liability 574,301 1,236,560 Contingent consideration liabilities - 422,080 Total long-term liabilities 574,301 2,372,283 Total liabilities 4,113,921 9,688,001 Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) - - Stockholders’ equity Convertible preferred stock, $ 0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively - - Common stock, $ 0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 2,256,654 shares issued and 2,095,031 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 1,263,408 shares issued and 1,101,785 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024 67,700 37,902 Treasury stock, at cost; 161,623 shares held as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively ( 15,575,795 ) ( 15,575,795 ) Additional paid-in capital 116,510,298 102,472,210 Accumulated other comprehensive income - 418,443 Accumulated deficit ( 80,373,539 ) ( 33,477,603 ) Total stockholders’ equity 20,628,664 53,875,157 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 24,742,585 $ 63,563,158 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 36 CO-DIAGNOSTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 2025 2024 Years Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Product revenue $ 418,205 $ 770,048 Grant revenue 204,284 3,145,112 Total revenue 622,489 3,915,160 Cost of revenue 222,377 999,124 Gross profit 400,112 2,916,036 Operating expenses Sales and marketing 2,381,131 4,483,339 General and administrative 9,058,283 16,157,152 Research and development 19,137,242 20,979,589 Depreciation and amortization 1,106,808 1,377,266 Impairment charges 18,882,000 - Total operating expenses 50,565,464 42,997,346 Loss from operations ( 50,165,352 ) ( 40,081,310 ) Other income, net Interest income, net 292,932 1,091,825 Realized gain on investments 683,365 870,745 Gain (loss) on disposition of assets ( 82,421 ) 8,291 Gain on remeasurement of acquisition contingencies 805,863 714,876 Loss on equity method investment in joint ventures ( 46,301 ) ( 186,067 ) Total other income, net 1,653,438 2,499,670 Loss before income taxes ( 48,511,914 ) ( 37,581,640 ) Income tax provision (benefit) ( 1,615,978 ) 57,368 Net loss $ ( 46,895,936 ) $ ( 37,639,008 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net of tax ( 418,443 ) 271,743 Total other comprehensive income (loss) $ ( 418,443 ) $ 271,743 Comprehensive loss $ ( 47,314,379 ) $ ( 37,367,265 ) Loss per common share: Basic and Diluted $ ( 35.25 ) $ ( 37.22 ) Weighted average shares outstanding: Basic and Diluted 1,330,200 1,011,179 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 37 CO-DIAGNOSTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Shares Amount Shares Amount Stock Capital Income (Deficit) Equity Convertible Preferred Stock Common Stock Treasury Additional Paid-in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Accumulated Earnings Total Stockholders’ Shares Amount Shares Amount Stock Capital Income (Deficit) Equity Balance as of December 31, 2023 - $ - 1,203,611 $ 36,108 $ ( 15,575,795 ) $ 96,808,436 $ 146,700 $ 4,161,405 $ 85,576,854 Issuance of common stock related to at-the-market offering, net of offering costs - - 10,491 315 - 230,349 - - 230,664 Stock-based compensation expense - - 49,306 1,479 - 5,433,425 - - 5,434,904 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax - - - - - - 271,743 - 271,743 Net loss - - - - - - - ( 37,639,008 ) ( 37,639,008 ) Balance as of December 31, 2024 - $ - 1,263,408 $ 37,902 $ ( 15,575,795 ) $ 102,472,210 $ 418,443 $ ( 33,477,603 ) $ 53,875,157 Balance - $ - 1,263,408 $ 37,902 $ ( 15,575,795 ) $ 102,472,210 $ 418,443 $ ( 33,477,603 ) $ 53,875,157 Common stock issued for option exercises - - 758 23 - 12,477 - - 12,500 Issuance of common stock related to at-the-market offering, net of offering costs - - 172,852 5,185 - 1,678,878 - - 1,684,063 Stock-based compensation expense - - 58,092 1,743 - 2,246,310 - - 2,248,053 Issuance of common stock related to financial advisory services - - 16,667 500 - 134,500 - - 135,000 Issuance of common stock related to registered direct offering, net of offering costs - - 744,877 22,347 - 9,965,923 - - 9,988,270 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax - - - - - - ( 418,443 ) - ( 418,443 ) Net loss - - - - - - - ( 46,895,936 ) ( 46,895,936 ) Balance as of December 31, 2025 - $ - 2,256,654 $ 67,700 $ ( 15,575,795 ) $ 116,510,298 $ - $ ( 80,373,539 ) $ 20,628,664 Balance - $ - 2,256,654 $ 67,700 $ ( 15,575,795 ) $ 116,510,298 $ - $ ( 80,373,539 ) $ 20,628,664 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 38 CO-DIAGNOSTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 2025 2024 Years Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Cash flows from operating activities Net loss $ ( 46,895,936 ) $ ( 37,639,008 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 1,106,808 1,377,266 Impairment charges 18,882,000 - Stock-based compensation expense 2,248,053 5,434,904 Common stock issued for financial advisory services 135,000 - Change in fair value of acquisition contingencies ( 805,863 ) ( 714,876 ) Non-cash lease expense ( 8,197 ) 13,510 Realized gain on investments ( 683,365 ) ( 870,745 ) Loss from equity method investment 46,301 186,067 (Gain) loss on disposition of assets 82,421 ( 8,291 ) Recoveries of credit losses ( 26,006 ) ( 15,035 ) Inventory obsolescence expense (recovery) ( 50,944 ) 326,512 Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ( 31,799 ) 186,391 Prepaid expenses and other assets 585,926 412,056 Inventory 131,271 265,489 Deferred revenue ( 26,057 ) ( 321,592 ) Income taxes payable ( 713,643 ) 54,457 Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities ( 3,112,897 ) 2,157,850 Net cash used in operating activities ( 29,136,927 ) ( 29,155,045 ) Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of property and equipment ( 700,047 ) ( 748,352 ) Proceeds from maturities of marketable investment securities 33,666,959 58,765,487 Purchases of marketable securities ( 6,590,939 ) ( 40,802,588 ) Investment in joint ventures ( 102,566 ) ( 143,750 ) Net cash provided by investing activities 26,273,407 17,070,797 Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from exercise of options 12,500 - Issuance of common stock related to at-the-market offering, net of offering costs 1,810,813 103,914 Issuance of common stock related to registered direct offering, net of offering costs 9,988,270 - Net cash provided by financing activities 11,811,583 103,914 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 8,948,063 ( 11,980,334 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 2,936,544 14,916,878 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 11,884,607 $ 2,936,544 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information Cash received for income taxes $ ( 858,870 ) $ - Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing transactions Receivable from issuance of common stock, collected in 2025 $ - $ 126,750 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 39 CO-DIAGNOSTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024 Note 1 – Overview and Basis of Presentation Description of Business Co-Diagnostics, Inc., a Utah corporation (the “Company” or “CODX”), is a molecular diagnostics company that develops, manufactures and markets state-of-the-art diagnostics technologies. The Company’s technologies are utilized for tests that are designed using the detection and/or analysis of nucleic acid molecules (DNA or RNA). The Company also uses its proprietary technology to design specific tests for its Co-Dx™ PCR platform and to locate genetic markers for use in applications other than infectious disease. In connection with the sale of our tests we may sell diagnostic equipment from other manufacturers as self-contained lab systems. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Such estimates include inventories, receivables and other long-lived assets, legal and regulatory contingencies, income taxes, share based arrangements, and others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgments. Actual amounts and results could differ from those estimates. Basis of Presentation The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements of Co-Diagnostics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries have been prepared to reflect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Reverse Stock Split On January 1, 2026, the Company effected a 1-for-30 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of its common stock. The Reverse Stock Split did not change the par value of the Company’s common stock, which remains $ 0.001 per share, nor did it change the number of authorized shares of common stock. Proportionate adjustments were made to the number of shares of common stock underlying the Company’s outstanding equity awards and warrants, as well as to the applicable exercise prices. All historical and per-share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. Liquidity and Going Concern In its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company concluded, in accordance with the criteria identified in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, Going Concern, (“ASC 205-40”), that substantial doubt existed about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. This conclusion was driven by the Company’s historical operating losses, negative cash flows from operations, and existing liquidity position at that time. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company completed various transactions designed to improve its liquidity and capital structure, primarily through the sale of shares under the Company’s ATM Agreement and through two registered direct offerings of common stock. Despite these actions, management determined that the conditions that raised substantial doubt in the prior year have not been alleviated and therefore has concluded that substantial doubt continues to exist about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for 12 months from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued. The Company’s ability to obtain additional financing in equity capital markets is subject to several factors, including market and economic conditions, our performance and investor sentiment with respect to us and our industry. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise a sufficient amount of additional capital to fund operations with terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. Because certain elements of management’s plans to mitigate the conditions that raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern are outside of the Company’s control, including the ability to raise capital through equity or other financings, those elements cannot be considered probable according to ASC 205-40, and therefore cannot be considered in the evaluation of mitigating factors. The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2025, have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern for the next 12 months after these financial statements are issued, and that contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its uncertain ability to obtain additional capital, reduce expenditures, and execute on its business plans. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Operating Segments The Company operates as one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), which is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s CODM evaluates financial information and resources and assesses the performance of these resources on a consolidated basis. There is no expense or asset information that is supplemental to information disclosed within the consolidated financial statements, that is regularly provided to the CODM. The allocation of resources and assessment of performance of the operating segment is based on consolidated net loss and functional expenses as reported on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Because the Company operates as one operating segment, financial segment information, including expense and asset information, can be found in the consolidated financial statements. All material long-lived assets are based in the United States and India. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications have no impact on the previously reported results. Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements During the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company identified an immaterial error in its previously issued consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. The error related to the accounting for the Company’s joint venture investment. Specifically, the Company had overstated its investment in joint ventures balance and accumulated deficit balance by $ 436,761 as of December 31, 2024, as a result of an incorrect application of the equity method of accounting. Management evaluated the error and concluded that it was not material to the previously issued financial statements and that correcting the error in the current period would also be immaterial. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been revised to reflect the correction of this error. The following table summarizes the effect of the revision on the previously reported line items in the Company’s December 31, 2024 consolidated balance sheet: Schedule of revision of previously reported line items Balance Sheet As Previously Line Item Reported Revision As Revised Investment in joint ventures $ 731,065 $ ( 436,761 ) $ 294,304 Accumulated deficit $ ( 33,040,842 ) $ ( 436,761 ) $ ( 33,477,603 ) There was no impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, consolidated statements of cash flows, or loss per share for any period presented. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, money market funds and highly liquid investments with an original maturity date of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. The fair value of cash equivalents approximated their carrying value as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024. The Company has its cash and cash equivalents with a large creditworthy financial institution and the balance exceeded federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts, and management believes the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. 40 Marketable Investment Securities The Company’s marketable investment securities are comprised of investments in certificates of deposit and U.S. Treasury bills and notes. The Company designates investments in debt securities as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale debt securities with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase are classified within cash and cash equivalents. Available-for-sale debt securities with original maturities longer than three months are available to fund current operations and are classified as marketable investment securities, within current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company may sell these securities at any time for use in its current operations or for other purposes, even prior to maturity. Available-for-sale debt securities are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, net of tax. Realized gains and losses on the sale of marketable securities are determined using the average cost method on a first-in, first-out basis and recorded in total other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The available-for-sale debt securities are subject to a periodic impairment review. For investments in an unrealized loss position, the Company writes down the amortized cost basis of the investment if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required or will intend to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. For investments not likely to be sold before recovery of the amortized cost basis, the Company determines whether a credit loss exists by considering information about the collectability of the instrument, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. The Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses up to the amount of the unrealized loss when appropriate. Allowances for credit losses and write-downs are recognized in total other income (expense), net, and unrealized losses not related to credit losses are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). There are no allowances for credit losses recorded for the periods presented. Accounts Receivable Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount (net of allowance) and do not bear interest. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses for amounts the Company does not expect to collect. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses, current market condition, customers’ financial condition, the age of receivables, and current payment patterns. Account balances are written off against the allowance once the receivable is deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when collected. At December 31, 2025, total accounts receivable was $ 230,752 with an allowance for uncollectable accounts of $ 40,377 resulting in a net amount of $ 190,375 . At December 31, 2024, total accounts receivable was $ 242,625 with an allowance for uncollectable accounts of $ 110,055 resulting in a net amount of $ 132,570 . At December 31, 2023, total accounts receivable was $ 504,264 with an allowance for uncollectable accounts of $ 200,338 resulting in a net amount of $ 303,926 . Equity-Method Investments Our equity-method investments are initially recorded at cost and are included in other long-term assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. We adjust the carrying value of our investment based on our share of the earnings or losses in the periods which they are reported by the investee until the carrying amount is zero. The earnings or losses are included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net-realizable value. Inventory cost is determined on a first-in first-out basis that approximates average cost in accordance with ASC 330-10-30-12. At December 31, 2025, the Company had $ 992,397 in inventory, of which $ 512,186 was finished goods and $ 480,211 was raw materials. At December 31, 2024, the Company had $ 1,072,724 in inventory, of which $ 567,281 was finished goods and $ 505,443 was raw materials. The Company establishes reserves to reduce low-moving, obsolete, or unusable inventories to their estimated useful or scrap values. The Company recognized $ 56,708 and $ 54,987 related to the change in inventory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. 41 Intangible Assets Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather tested for impairment at least annually on December 31, or more often if and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives. The assessment of the Company’s indefinite lived intangible asset involves comparing the fair value of the asset, determined using the income approach which is based on discounted cash flow techniques, to the carrying value of the asset. The fair value determination is based on the concept of evaluating the highest and best use of the asset in the hands of a market participant and considers the current use and any other use that is financially feasible, justifiable, and reasonably probable. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment expense is recorded for the difference between those values. During 2025, the Company identified impairment indicators for its in-process research and development intangible assets, primarily due to a significant and sustained decline in our stock price and market capitalization compared to the assets’ net book value. The Company remeasured the fair value of these assets and recognized non-cash impairment charges of $ 18,882,000 . This amount is reflected as impairment charges in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for 2025. Long-lived Assets Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the property, generally from three to five years. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred except when such repairs significantly add to the useful life or productive capacity of the asset, in which case the repairs are capitalized. For in-process research and development projects acquired in business combinations, the in-process research and development project is capitalized and evaluated for impairment until the development process has been completed. Once the development process has been completed the asset will be amortized over its remaining estimated useful life. The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, indefinite-lived and finite-lived intangible assets, and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, for impairment whenever an event or change in facts and circumstances indicates that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated. If the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, the assets are determined to be impaired and an impairment charge is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Leases Leases with a term longer than 12 months are recognized on the balance sheet as ROU assets and lease liabilities and are classified as either finance or operating leases, with that classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. ROU assets are evaluated for impairment as a long-lived asset. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue from product sales and license sales. The Company recognizes revenue when all of the following criteria are satisfied: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when, or as the Company satisfies each performance obligation. Based on the criteria above, the Company typically recognizes revenue upon delivery. The Company constrains revenue by giving consideration to factors that could otherwise lead to a probable reversal of revenue. The Company records any payments received from customers prior to the Company fulfilling its performance obligation(s) as deferred revenue. Grant Revenue The Company may submit applications to receive grant funding from governmental and non-governmental entities. The Company accounts for grants by analogizing to the contribution accounting model under ASC 958-605, Not-for-Profit Entities (“ASC 958”). Revenues from grants, contracts, and awards provided by governmental and non-governmental agencies are recorded based upon the terms of the specific agreements. The Company recognizes grant funding without conditions or continuing performance obligations as revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company recognizes grant funding with conditions or continuing performance obligations as deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets if the conditions or performance obligations have not yet been met. The Company recognized grant funding revenue of $ 204,284 and $ 3,145,112 during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the Company has also recorded $ 0 and $ 40,857 of deferred revenue related to grant funding for which the cash was received, but the underlying conditions or performance obligations have not yet been met. Cash received from federal grants, contracts, and awards can be subject to audit by the grantor and, if the examination results in a disallowance of any expenditure, repayment could be required. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue primarily consists of payments received from customers prior to the Company fulfilling its performance obligation of providing the product. When this occurs, the Company records a contract liability as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue as the related performance obligations are satisfied. 42 Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. The Company recorded $ 19,137,242 and $ 20,979,589 of research and development costs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Stock-based Compensation The Company has granted stock-based awards, including restricted stock, stock options, stock warrants and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), to its employees, certain consultants and members of its board of directors. The Company records stock-based compensation based on the grant date fair value of the awards and recognizes the fair value of those awards as expense using the straight-line method over the requisite service period of the award. The Company estimates the grant date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. When an award is forfeited prior to the vesting date, the Company recognizes an adjustment for the previously recognized expense in the period of the forfeiture. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities represent the tax effect of temporary differences between financial reporting and tax reporting measured at enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company recognizes only the impact of tax positions that, based on their technical merits, are more likely than not to be sustained upon an audit by the taxing authority. Valuation allowances are provided when it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets may not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company has considered its historical levels of income, expectations of future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies. Developing the provision for income taxes, including the effective tax rate and analysis of potential tax exposure items, if any, requires significant judgment and expertise in federal and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred income tax assets and liabilities and any estimated valuation allowances deemed necessary to value deferred income tax assets. Judgments and tax strategies are subject to audit by various taxing authorities. The Company has uncertain income tax positions in the consolidated financial statements, and adverse determinations by these taxing authorities could have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial positions, result of operations, or cash flows. Net Loss per Share Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased by common shares that could be issued upon conversion or exercise of other outstanding securities to the extent those additional common shares would be dilutive. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted net loss per share by application of the treasury stock method. During periods when the Company is in a net loss position, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the effects of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities, net of income taxes. Concentrations Risk and Significant Customers The Company had certain customers which were each responsible for generating 10 % or more of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. One customer accounted for approximately 31 % of product revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. One granting agency accounted for 100 % of grant revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025, and two granting agencies accounted for approximately 95 % of grant revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. 43 Two customers accounted for more than 10 % of accounts receivable at December 31, 2025, and two customers accounted for more than 10 % of accounts receivable at December 31, 2024. These customers together accounted for approximately 82 % and 94 % of accounts receivable at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Recently Issued Accounting Standards From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. If not discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The standard is effective for full year 2024 reporting, and for interim reporting beginning in 2025. The adoption of this ASU did not change the way the Company evaluates its reportable segments and, as a result, did not have a material impact on the Company’s segment-related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities, on an annual basis, to provide disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, as well as disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The standard is effective for the Company for full year 2025 reporting, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 prospectively for the year ended December 31, 2025, and applied the new disclosure requirements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40): Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires an entity to disclose on an annual and interim basis, disaggregated information about specific income statement expense categories. The guidance should be applied prospectively with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. The standard becomes effective for the Company for full year 2027 reporting. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements. In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, which provides all entities with a practical expedient when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606. Early adoption is permitted and entities should apply the practical expedient, if elected, prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date. The standard becomes effective for the Company for interim and full year 2026 reporting. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities, which provides authoritative guidance for the accounting and presentation of government grants received by business entities, distinguishing between grants related to assets and grants related to income. Early adoption is permitted and entities may apply the standard using a modified prospective, modified retrospective, or full retrospective transition approach, subject to the specific criteria outlined in the ASU. The standard becomes effective for the Company for full year 2029 reporting. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements, which clarifies and improves the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 270, Interim Reporting. Early adoption is permitted and entities may apply the standard prospectively or retrospectively. The standard becomes effective for the Company for interim 2028 reporting. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2025, FASB issued ASU 2025-12, Codification Improvements, which includes narrow-scope amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification to clarify, correct errors, and make minor improvements to existing U.S. GAAP. This standard becomes effective for the Company for interim and full year 2027 reporting. As the amendments are not expected to introduce new recognition or measurement principles, the Company does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements related to ASU 2025-12. Note 3 – Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Financial Instruments The following table shows the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and marketable investment securities by significant investment category: Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Investment Securities December 31, 2025 Adjusted Cost Total Unrealized Gains / (Losses) Fair Value Cash and Cash Equivalents Marketable Investment Securities Cash $ 11,884,607 $ - $ 11,884,607 $ 11,884,607 $ - Total $ 11,884,607 $ - $ 11,884,607 $ 11,884,607 $ - December 31, 2024 Adjusted Cost Total Unrealized Gains / (Losses) Fair Value Cash and Cash Equivalents Marketable Investment Securities Cash $ 2,936,544 $ - $ 2,936,544 $ 2,936,544 $ - Level 2: U.S. treasury securities 26,392,655 418,443 26,811,098 - 26,811,098 Subtotal 26,392,655 418,443 26,811,098 - 26,811,098 Total $ 29,329,199 $ 418,443 $ 29,747,642 $ 2,936,544 $ 26,811,098 Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements The Company measures and records certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is based on the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following three levels of inputs are used to measure the fair value of financial assets and liabilities: Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data. 44 The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by level within the fair value hierarchy: Schedule of Fair Value Assets and Liabilities December 31, 2025 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total Liabilities: Cash equivalents Marketable securities (U.S. treasury bills and notes) Total assets measured at fair value Contingent consideration - common stock $ - $ - $ 119,036 $ 119,036 Contingent consideration - warrants Total liabilities measured at fair value $ - $ - $ 119,036 $ 119,036 December 31, 2024 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total Assets: Cash equivalents $ 441,000 $ - $ - $ 441,000 Marketable securities (U.S. treasury bills and notes) - 26,811,098 - 26,811,098 Total assets measured at fair value $ 441,000 $ 26,811,098 $ - $ 27,252,098 Liabilities: Contingent consideration - common stock $ - $ - $ 743,794 $ 743,794 Contingent consideration - warrants - - 181,105 181,105 Total liabilities measured at fair value $ - $ - $ 924,899 $ 924,899 The Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of certificates of deposit and U.S. treasury bills and notes as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. In connection with previous acquisitions, the Company recorded a liability for contingent consideration in the form of shares of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock, both to be issued when certain milestones are achieved. The fair value of contingent consideration is calculated using a discounted probability weighted valuation model. Discount rates used in such calculations are a significant assumption that are not observed in the market, and therefore, the resulting fair value represents a Level 3 measurement. The changes for Level 3 items measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows: Schedule of Changes in the Fair Value Measurement Fair value as of December 31, 2024 $ 924,899 Change in fair value of contingent consideration issued for business acquisitions ( 805,863 ) Fair value as of December 31, 2025 $ 119,036 45 The fair value of the contingent consideration is based on the fair value of the contingent consideration-common stock and contingent consideration-warrants. The fair value of the contingent consideration-common stock is equal to the probability-adjusted value of the Company’s common stock as of the valuation date. The fair value of the contingent consideration-warrants is equal to the probability adjusted value of a call option with terms consistent with the terms of the warrants as of the valuation date. Prior to the probability adjustments, the warrants were valued based on the following inputs: Schedule of Contingent Consideration Common Stock and Warrants December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Stock price $ 5.10 $ 22.50 Strike price $ 273.75 $ 273.75 Volatility 21.4 % 246.4 % Risk-free rate 3.5 % 4.3 % Expected term (years) 1.0 2.0 Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash held in banks, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities and are excluded from the fair value tables above. Note 5 – Property and Equipment Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: Schedule of Property and Equipment Estimated December 31, Useful Lives in years 2025 2024 Lab equipment 3 - 5 $ 5,039,148 $ 4,920,781 Leasehold improvements 0 - 5 968,573 947,674 Office equipment, furniture and other 2 - 5 173,668 173,668 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization ( 3,909,291 ) ( 3,280,843 ) Fixed assets, net $ 2,272,098 $ 2,761,280 Note 6 – Intangible Assets Intangible assets, net consisted of the following: Schedule of Intangible Assets, Net December 31, 2025 Weighted-Average Gross Net Useful Life Carrying Accumulated Carrying (in Years) Amount Amortization Amount In-process research and development Indefinite $ 7,219,000 $ - $ 7,219,000 Non-competition agreements 1,094,000 ( 1,094,000 ) - Total intangible assets $ 8,313,000 $ ( 1,094,000 ) $ 7,219,000 December 31, 2024 Weighted-Average Gross Net Useful Life Carrying Accumulated Carrying (in Years) Amount Amortization Amount In-process research and development Indefinite $ 26,101,000 $ - $ 26,101,000 Non-competition agreements 1,094,000 ( 1,094,000 ) - Total intangible assets $ 27,195,000 $ ( 1,094,000 ) $ 26,101,000 The Company completed its impairment test for the in-process research and development during the fourth quarter of 2025, resulting in a partial impairment of the intangible asset which is reflected in impairment charges on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company did not record any impairment during the year ended December 31, 2024. Changes in the Company’s in-process research and development for the year ended December 31, 2025 were as follows: Schedule of Research and Development Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 26,101,000 Impairment of in-process research and development ( 18,882,000 ) Balance as of December 31, 2025 $ 7,219,000 46 Note 7 – Investment in Joint Ventures On October 27, 2025, the Company formed a new joint venture, CoMira Diagnostics (“CoMira”), with Arabian Eagle Manufacturing to research, develop, manufacture, assemble, distribute, and commercialize the Company’s technologies and intellectual property within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa. The Company invested an initial $ 102,566 , representing a 50 % ownership interest. The investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Note 8 - Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consisted of the following: Schedule of Accrued Expenses December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Payroll liabilities $ 700,981 $ 820,621 Legal fees 146,000 1,666,914 Other accrued liabilities 18,320 74,634 Total accrued expenses $ 865,301 $ 2,562,169 Note 9 – Revenue The following table sets forth revenue by geographic area: Summary of Revenue by Geographic Area Years Ended December 31, 2025 2024 United States Product revenue $ 377,265 $ 378,212 Grant revenue 204,284 3,145,112 Total United States 581,549 3,523,324 Rest of World Product revenue 40,940 391,836 Grant revenue - - Total Rest of World 40,940 391,836 Total $ 622,489 $ 3,915,160 Revenue $ 622,489 $ 3,915,160 Percentage of revenue by area: United States 93 % 90 % Rest of World 7 % 10 % Deferred Revenue Changes in the Company’s deferred revenue balance for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows: Schedule of Deferred Revenue Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 362,449 Revenue recognized included in deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period ( 301,972 ) Decrease due to reclassification of previously deferred amounts ( 19,620 ) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 40,857 Revenue recognized included in deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period ( 40,857 ) Increase due to prepayments from customers 14,800 Balance as of December 31, 2025 $ 14,800 Note 10 – Loss per Share All share and per-share data, including basic and diluted loss per share and weighted average shares outstanding, have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 1-for-30 reverse stock split effected on January 1, 2026, as if the reverse stock split had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. The following table reconciles the numerator and the denominator used to calculate basic and diluted loss per share for years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: Schedule of Basis and Diluted Earnings Per Share Years Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Numerator Net loss, as reported $ ( 46,895,936 ) $ ( 37,639,008 ) Denominator Weighted average shares, basic 1,330,200 1,011,179 Dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and RSUs - - Shares used to compute diluted loss per share 1,330,200 1,011,179 Basic loss per share $ ( 35.25 ) $ ( 37.22 ) Diluted loss per share $ ( 35.25 ) $ ( 37.22 ) 47 The computation of diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 also excludes approximately 47,000 shares of common stock and 15,500 warrants to purchase shares of common stock that are contingent upon the achievement of certain milestones. As a result of incurring a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, no potentially dilutive securities are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because such effect would be anti-dilutive. The Company had potentially dilutive securities as of December 31, 2025, consisting of: (i) 28,801 restricted stock units and (ii) 13,051 options and warrants, and potentially dilutive securities as of December 31, 2024, consisting of: (i) 49,189 restricted stock units and (ii) 17,738 options. Note 11 – Stock-Based Compensation Reverse Stock Split On January 1, 2026, the Company effected a 1-for-30 reverse stock split of its common stock. The Reverse Stock Split did not change the par value of the Company’s common stock, which remains $ 0.001 per share, nor did it change the number of authorized shares of common stock. Proportionate adjustments were made to the number of shares of common stock underlying the Company’s outstanding equity awards and warrants, as well as to the applicable exercise prices. All historical and per-share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. Stock Incentive Plans The Company’s board of directors adopted, and shareholders approved, the Co-Diagnostics, Inc. Amended and Restated 2015 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) providing for the issuance of stock-based incentive awards to employees, officers, consultants, directors and independent contractors. On August 31, 2022, the shareholders approved an increase in the number of awards available for issuance under the Incentive Plan to an aggregate of 400,000 shares of common stock. The Incentive Plan expired on December 31, 2025. The Company’s board of directors adopted in March 2025, and in May 2025 shareholders approved, the Co-Diagnostics, Inc. 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2025 Plan”) providing for the issuance of stock-based incentive awards to employees, officers, consultants, directors and independent contractors. At December 31, 2025, the number of awards available for issuance under the 2025 Plan was 246,933 , including unused awards which rolled over from the Incentive Plan upon its expiration. No awards have been made under the 2025 Plan. Stock Options The following table summarizes option activity during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: Schedule of Option Activity Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Fair Value Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Outstanding at December 31, 2023 34,695 $ 65.70 $ 41.10 4.89 Granted - - - Expired - - - Forfeited/Cancelled - - - Exercised - - - Outstanding at December 31, 2024 34,695 $ 65.70 $ 41.10 3.88 Granted - - - Expired ( 2,334 ) $ 38.77 $ 22.80 Forfeited/Cancelled - - - Exercised ( 758 ) 16.50 14.65 Outstanding at December 31, 2025 31,603 $ 68.91 $ 43.05 3.14 Exercisable at December 31, 2025 31,603 $ 68.91 $ 43.05 3.14 48 There were 758 and 0 options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options at December 31, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $ 0 and $ 0 , respectively. As of December 31, 2025, there were no unvested options and no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to options. Restricted Stock Units The grant date fair value of RSUs granted is determined using the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date with the associated compensation expense amortized over the vesting period of the awards. The following table sets forth the outstanding RSUs and related activity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: Schedule of Outstanding Restricted Stock Units and Related Activity Number of RSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested at December 31, 2023 97,517 $ 119.70 Granted 51,834 33.30 Vested ( 49,306 ) 129.00 Forfeited/Cancelled ( 8,634 ) 121.20 Unvested at December 31, 2024 91,411 $ 75.00 Granted 86,847 7.58 Vested ( 58,092 ) 48.50 Forfeited/Cancelled ( 6,141 ) 120.61 Unvested at December 31, 2025 114,025 $ 34.51 As of December 31, 2025, there was $ 2,495,988 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding RSUs which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years. Warrants The Company has issued warrants related to financings, acquisitions and as compensation to third parties for services provided. The Company estimates the fair value of issued warrants on the date of issuance as determined using a Black-Scholes pricing model. The Company amortizes the fair value of issued warrants using a vesting schedule based on the terms and conditions of each warrant if granted for services. 49 The following table summarizes warrant activity during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: Schedule of Warrant Activity Number of Warrants Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Fair Value Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Outstanding at December 31, 2023 16,167 $ 264.30 $ 38.70 3.0 Granted - - - Expired - - - Forfeited/Cancelled - - - Exercised - - - Outstanding at December 31, 2024 16,167 $ 264.30 $ 30.00 2.0 Granted - - - Expired ( 667 ) 42.00 455.70 Forfeited/Cancelled - - - Exercised - - - Outstanding at December 31, 2025 15,500 $ 273.75 $ - 1.0 There were no warrants exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding warrants at December 31, 2025 was $ 0 . There are no warrants exercisable at December 31, 2025. The ability to exercise the 15,500 warrants issued in connection with acquisitions in prior years is contingent upon the achievement of certain development and revenue milestones on or before January 1, 2027. There was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to warrants. Stock-Based Compensation Expense The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows: Schedule of Recognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense Years Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Cost of sales $ - $ 20,831 Sales and marketing 355,838 1,068,175 General and administrative 1,929,440 3,985,281 Research and development ( 37,225 ) 360,617 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 2,248,053 $ 5,434,904 Note 12 – Income Taxes The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes consist of the following for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: Schedule of Components of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes 2025 2024 Years Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Current: Federal $ ( 1,348,586 ) $ 40,031 State ( 267,392 ) 17,337 Total current $ ( 1,615,978 ) $ 57,368 Deferred: Federal ( 7,838,432 ) ( 7,610,511 ) State ( 2,059,379 ) ( 394,244 ) Change in valuation allowance 9,897,811 8,004,755 Total deferred - - Total income tax provision (benefit) $ ( 1,615,978 ) $ 57,368 50 A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory federal income tax rate and income taxes as reflected in the financial statements is as follows: Schedule of Benefit from Income Taxes and Effective Income Tax Rates Permanent differences: Year Ended December 31, 2025 U.S. federal statutory rate $ ( 10,187,502 ) 21.0 % State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect (a) ( 640,593 ) 1.3 % Effect of changes in tax laws or rates enacted in the current period 5,685 0.0 % Tax credits Research and development credits ( 1,163,440 ) 2.4 % Changes in valuation allowance 7,838,433 - 16.2 % Nontaxable or nondeductible items Stock based compensation 574,070 - 1.2 % Contingent consideration remeasurement ( 169,231 ) 0.3 % Other 74,808 - 0.2 % Change in unrecognized tax benefits ( 539,126 ) 1.1 % Other adjustments Federal refund due to OBBBA ( 870,633 ) 1.8 % Change in deferred balances due to OBBBA 3,251,940 - 6.7 % Other 209,611 - 0.3 % Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes and effective tax rate $ ( 1,615,978 ) 3.3 % (a) State taxes in Massachusetts made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category Permanent differences: Year Ended December 31, 2024 U.S. federal statutory rate $ ( 7,892,144 ) 21.0 % State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect ( 147,008 ) 0.4 % Effect of changes in tax laws or rates enacted in the current period 17,708 0.0 % Tax credits Research and development credits ( 691,801 ) 1.8 % Changes in valuation allowance 8,004,755 - 21.3 % Nontaxable or nondeductible Items Stock based compensation 738,310 - 2.0 % Contingent consideration remeasurement ( 150,124 ) 0.4 % Other 74,886 - 0.2 % Change in unrecognized tax benefits 120,180 - 0.3 % Other adjustments Federal refund due to OBBBA - 0.0 % Change in deferred balances due to OBBBA - 0.0 % Other ( 17,394 ) 0.0 % Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes and effective tax rate $ 57,368 - 0.2 % On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was signed into law, introducing a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses, including extending and modifying certain key Tax Cuts & Jobs Act provisions (both domestic and international), expanding certain Inflation Reduction Act incentives while accelerating the phase-out of others. The Company filed amended federal income tax returns for tax years 2022 and 2023 under the OBBBA provisions and subsequently received a $ 870,633 refund from the Internal Revenue Service. The following table presents income taxes paid (net of refunds received) for the year ended December 31, 2025 as required by ASU 2023-09: Schedule of Income Taxes Paid Net of Refunds Received Year Ended December 31, 2025 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds: Federal $ ( 870,633 ) State 11,763 Total $ ( 858,870 ) Net deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following components as of December 31, 2025 and 2024: Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Deferred compensation 367,775 638,454 December 31, 2025 2024 Deferred tax assets: Accrued liabilities $ 39,066 $ 44,364 Reserves and allowances 644,915 643,206 Deferred compensation 367,775 638,454 Section 174 costs 553,562 9,372,153 Lease liability 296,605 491,744 UNICAP 9,181 20,846 Net operating loss carryforwards 22,035,104 8,552,938 Research and development credits 3,303,255 2,314,332 Other 2,677 196 Total gross deferred tax assets 27,252,140 22,078,233 Less valuation allowance ( 24,877,802 ) ( 14,884,382 ) Total deferred tax assets 2,374,338 7,193,851 Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment, net ( 234,815 ) ( 418,148 ) Intangibles, net ( 1,731,564 ) ( 5,963,713 ) Prepaids ( 118,336 ) ( 233,162 ) Right of use asset ( 289,623 ) ( 483,220 ) Other comprehensive income - ( 95,608 ) Total deferred tax liabilities ( 2,374,338 ) ( 7,193,851 ) Net deferred tax asset (liability) $ - $ - Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets, including temporary differences and net operating loss carryforwards, to the amount expected to be realized in the future. FASB guidance indicates that forming a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not needed is difficult when there is negative evidence such as cumulative losses in recent years. The Company had cumulative losses from continuing operations for the three-year period ended December 31, 2025. The Company considered this negative evidence along with all other available positive and negative evidence and concluded that, at December 31, 2025, it is more likely than not that the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2025, a valuation allowance has been recorded on the Company’s deferred tax assets to recognize only the portion of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be recognized. The Company’s total valuation allowance was $ 24,877,802 at December 31, 2025 and $ 14,884,382 at December 31, 2024. The following table summarizes changes in the valuation allowance during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: Schedule of Change in Valuation Allowance 2025 2024 Years Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Valuation allowance at beginning of year $ 14,884,382 $ 6,938,829 Change in valuation allowance 9,993,420 7,945,553 Valuation allowance at end of year $ 24,877,802 $ 14,884,382 At December 31, 2025, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $ 92,932,557 and federal research and development credit carryforwards of $ 2,987,836 . The net operating losses have an indefinite carryforward period. If not utilized, the credits will begin to expire in 2042. At December 31, 2025, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of $ 59,475,952 and $ 1,137,149 of state research and development credit carryforwards. Of the total state net operating losses, $ 43,809,105 are attributable to Utah. All of the Utah net operating losses are carried forward indefinitely. The remaining state net operating loss carryforwards are attributable to various other states and begin to expire in 2044. If unused, the state research credit carryforward will expire in 2036. 51 ASC Topic 740-10-05 requires that the impact of a tax position be recognized in the financial statements if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. Our unrecognized tax benefit balances included $ 618,749 at December 31, 2025 and $ 1,200,035 at December 31, 2024 of tax positions that, if recognized, would reduce the annual effective tax rate offset by deferred tax assets recorded for uncertain tax positions. During the next 12 months, the Company does not anticipate a material change in the unrecognized tax benefits. Interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized benefits is as follows: Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits December 31, 2025 2024 Unrecognized tax benefits at the beginning of the year $ 1,200,035 $ 1,078,431 Gross increases - current year tax positions 111,065 137,527 Gross increases - prior year tax positions - 51,225 Gross decreases - prior year tax positions ( 692,351 ) ( 67,148 ) Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 618,749 $ 1,200,035 Interest and penalties in year-end balance $ - $ 128,783 The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and other state jurisdictions. The tax years from December 31, 2022 through December 31, 2025 remain open to examination for federal income tax purposes and by the other major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject. The Company is not currently under examination by any taxing authority. Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies Lease Obligations The Company leases administrative, R&D, sales and marketing and manufacturing facilities under non-cancellable operating leases. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, components of lease expense are summarized as follows: Schedule of Lease Expense 2025 2024 Years Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Operating lease costs $ 1,037,497 $ 1,019,500 Short-term lease costs - 54,289 Total lease costs $ 1,037,497 $ 1,073,789 As of December 31, 2025, the maturities of the Company’s lease liabilities are as follows: Schedule of Maturities on Company Lease Liabilities Years Ending December 31, 2026 $ 714,630 2027 300,591 2028 308,462 Thereafter - Total lease payments 1,323,683 Less: imputed interest 87,124 Present value of operating lease liabilities 1,236,559 Less: current portion 662,258 Long-term portion $ 574,301 52 Other information related to operating leases was as follows: Schedule of Other Information Related to Operating Leases Year Ended December 31, 2025 Cash paid for operating leases included in operating cash flows $ 1,045,694 Remaining lease term of operating leases 2.3 Discount rate of operating leases 6.2 % Litigation Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. The Company is a defendant in one class action suit claiming that the Company overstated the demand for its Logix Smart COVID-19 test and that the plaintiffs suffered losses when the Company’s stock dropped after the Company disclosed its financial results. The plaintiffs demand compensatory damages sustained as a result of the Company’s alleged wrongdoing in an amount to be proven at trial. The Company is also a party to three civil actions, two in the US and the other in the United Kingdom. Each of the civil actions is based on breach of contract claims against the Company. The Company believes these lawsuits are without merit and is defending the cases vigorously. The Company is unable to estimate a range of loss, if any, that could result were there to be an adverse final decision in these cases. As of the date of this report, the Company does not believe it is probable that these cases will result in an unfavorable outcome; however, if an unfavorable outcome were to occur in these cases, it is possible that the impact could be material to the Company’s results of operations in the period(s) in which any such outcome becomes probable and estimable. Note 14 – Share Repurchase Program In March 2022, the Company’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program that would allow the Company to repurchase up to $ 30,000,000 of CODX common stock. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular number of common shares, and the repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion. The timing and amount of any share repurchases under the share repurchase program will be determined by Co-Diagnostics’ management at its discretion based on ongoing assessments of the capital needs of the business, the market price of the Company’s common stock, corporate and regulatory requirements, and general market conditions. For accounting purposes, common stock repurchased under the stock repurchase program is recorded based upon the transaction date of the applicable trade. Such repurchased shares are held in treasury and are presented using the cost method. These shares are not retired and are considered issued but not outstanding. There were no shares repurchased under this program during the year ended December 31, 2025. Note 15 – At-the-Market Agreement The Company previously maintained an Amended and Restated Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Prior ATM Agreement”) with Piper Sandler & Co. (“Piper Sandler”) and Clear Street, LLC (“Clear Street”), pursuant to which the Company could offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $ 17,111,650 from time to time through Piper Sandler and Clear Street, acting as sales agents, under a prospectus supplement dated October 18, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had sold 151,675 shares of common stock under the Prior ATM Agreement, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $ 1,660,805 . The Prior ATM Agreement was subsequently terminated, and no further sales will be made under that program. On October 20, 2025, the Company entered into a new Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”) to establish an at-the-market (“ATM”) equity offering program. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $ 10,000,000 , from time to time through Maxim, acting as the Company’s sales agent. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company will pay Maxim a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares and will reimburse Maxim for certain legal and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with its services. Sales of common stock, if any, may be made in transactions deemed to be “at-the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on The Nasdaq Capital Market or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices negotiated with Maxim. The Company is not obligated to sell any shares under the Agreement and may terminate the offering at any time in accordance with its terms. The shares will be issued pursuant to the Company’s shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-270628), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 6, 2023. On October 20, 2025, the Company filed a prospectus supplement with the SEC relating to the new ATM program, registering up to $ 4,086,645 of shares under the shelf registration statement. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had sold 31,667 shares of common stock under the Agreement, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $ 258,563 . 53 Note 16 – Registered Direct Offerings On September 17, 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with two institutional investors (the “Investors”) named therein, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a registered direct offering priced at-the-market under Nasdaq rules by the Company directly to the Investors (the “Offering”) an aggregate of 320,634 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, at an offering price of $ 12.00 per share. The offering closed on September 18, 2025. The gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were approximately $ 3,847,600 , before deducting the placement agent’s fees and other offering expenses. The Offering Shares were offered and sold by the Company pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-270628). The Company agreed to pay Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”), as placement agent, an aggregate fee equal to 7.0 % of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the securities in the offering as well as up to $ 50,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel. On October 28, 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with two institutional investors (the “Investors”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a registered direct offering priced at-the-market under Nasdaq rules (the “Offering”), (i) 400,076 shares of its common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share (the “Shares”), at an offering price of $ 16.50 per share, and (ii) pre-funded common stock purchase warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 24,167 shares of common stock at an offering price of $ 16.497 per Pre-Funded Warrant. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $ 0.0001 per share, are exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will remain exercisable until exercised in full. The Offering closed on October 29, 2025. Gross proceeds to the Company were approximately $ 7.0 million, before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses. The securities were offered and sold pursuant to the Company’s shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-270628), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 6, 2023. Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”) acted as placement agent for the Offering. The Company agreed to pay Maxim a fee equal to 7.0 % of the gross proceeds from the sale of the securities, as well as up to $ 50,000 for the fees and expenses of its legal counsel. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. Note 17 – Related Party Transactions The Company employs two employees who are related to current or former executive officers. Seth Egan, the Company’s Chief Commercialization and Strategy Officer, and Winston Egan, the Company’s Director of Customer Experience, are each sons of Dwight Egan, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. During the year ended December 31, 2025, total compensation paid to Seth Egan, including salaries, bonuses, and the grant date fair value of equity awards which vest over three years , was $ 365,000 , and total compensation paid to Winston Egan, including salaries, bonuses, and the grant date fair value of equity awards which vest over three years , was $ 175,500 . Prior to the acquisition of Advanced Conceptions by the Company in December 2021, the Company’s President, Richard Abbott was serving as President of Advanced Conception. At the time of the acquisition, Mr. Abbott was an indirect shareholder of Advanced Conceptions, Inc. through his fifty percent (50%) ownership interest in Whiteknob LLC. Whiteknob LLC owned 71.61% of Advanced Conceptions at the time of the acquisition. The terms of the acquisition agreement between the Company and Advanced Conceptions include the opportunity for Whiteknob LLC to earn an additional 16,913 common shares and an additional 5,551 common stock purchase warrants of Co-Diagnostics upon the achievement of certain milestones. Should those milestone events be achieved Mr. Abbott would have a fifty percent (50%) interest in the common shares and common stock purchase warrants. In August 2023, the Company entered into a services agreement with CoSara, the Company’s equity method investment, under which CoSara provides certain research and development consulting and support services. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the Company recognized $ 904,988 and $ 559,832 of expense related to this agreement. Note 18 – Subsequent Events Reverse Stock Split On December 5, 2025, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”). On December 29, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a reverse stock split ratio of 1-for-30. The Company filed the amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Utah, and the Reverse Stock Split became effective on January 1, 2026. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 30 shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock were automatically combined into one share of common stock without any change in par value per share. Fractional shares were rounded up to the nearest whole share. The Reverse Stock Split reduced the number of shares of common stock outstanding from 62,850,916 shares to 2,095,031 shares. The number of authorized shares of common stock and the par value per share remained unchanged. All share and per-share amounts presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, including loss per share, weighted-average shares outstanding, stock-based compensation awards, and warrants, have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented. Nasdaq Listing Status Subsequent to December 31, 2025, the Company regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). As previously disclosed, the Company’s common stock had been subject to a bid price deficiency and was suspended from trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market effective January 14, 2026. On March 9, 2026, the Company received written notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC indicating that it had demonstrated compliance with the $ 1.00 minimum bid price requirement and all other applicable criteria for continued listing. Accordingly, trading of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market resumed at the open of market on March 11, 2026. Nasdaq also notified the Company that it will be subject to a Discretionary Panel Monitor through March 9, 2027. During this monitoring period, if the Company’s closing bid price falls below $ 1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days, Nasdaq may issue a delisting determination without providing an additional compliance period. Operating Lease Amendment Subsequent to December 31, 2025, the Company entered into an amendment to its existing operating lease agreement for its corporate headquarters located in Salt Lake City, Utah. The amendment extends the lease term from its original expiration date of February 28, 2026, to December 31, 2028, and includes fixed annual rent escalations consistent with the original agreement. No other material terms of the lease were modified. Common Stock Sales Under At-the-Market Agreement Subsequent to December 31, 2025, the Company sold 1,507,434 shares of common stock under the Agreement, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $ 4,334,671 . 54 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. None.