COGNEX CORP 10-K

ITEM 7A: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations, including foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk. The Company currently mitigates certain foreign currency exchange rate risks with derivative instruments. The Company does not currently manage its interest rate risk with derivative instruments. Foreign Currency Risk The Company faces exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, as a significant portion of its revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the Company’s subsidiaries or the reporting currency of the Company, which is the U.S. Dollar. In certain instances, we utilize forward contracts to hedge against foreign currency fluctuations. These contracts are used to minimize foreign currency gains or losses, as the gains or losses on the derivative are intended to offset the losses or gains on the underlying exposure. We do not engage in foreign currency speculation. The Company enters into economic hedges utilizing foreign currency forward contracts with maturities of up to 3 months to manage the exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates arising primarily from foreign-denominated receivables and payables. The Company had the following outstanding forward contracts (in thousands): December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Currency Notional Value USD Equivalent High Rate Low Rate Notional Value USD Equivalent High Rate Low Rate Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: Euro 60,000 $ 64,174 0.9350 0.9350 65,000 $ 73,748 0.8814 0.8814 Mexican Peso 185,000 9,480 19.51 19.51 140,000 6,842 20.46 20.46 Chinese Renminbi 55,000 7,619 7.22 7.22 54,374 8,500 6.40 6.40 Japanese Yen 700,000 5,281 132.56 132.56 600,000 5,213 115.10 115.10 Hungarian Forint 1,590,000 4,238 375.19 375.19 1,355,000 4,155 326.11 326.11 British Pound 3,445 4,161 0.8279 0.8279 3,370 4,552 0.7403 0.7403 Canadian Dollar 1,730 1,278 1.35 1.35 1,480 1,167 1.27 1.27 Swiss Franc 1,120 1,218 0.92 0.92 — — — — A change in foreign currency exchange rates could materially impact the fair value of these contracts; however, if this occurred, the fair value of the underlying exposures hedged by the contracts would change by a similar amount. Accordingly, management does not believe that a material change in foreign currency exchange rates used in the fair value of our derivative instruments would materially impact operations or cash flows. The success of our foreign currency risk management program depends on forecasts of transaction activity denominated in various currencies. To the extent that these forecasts are overstated or understated during periods of currency volatility, we could experience unanticipated foreign currency gains or losses that could have a material impact on our results of operations. Furthermore, our failure to identify new exposures and hedge them in an effective manner may result in material foreign currency gains or losses. 30 Table of Content The Company’s functional currency/reporting currency exchange rate exposures result from revenues and expenses that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. In addition to the U.S. Dollar, a significant portion of our revenues and expenses are denominated in the Euro and Chinese Renminbi, and to a lesser extent the Japanese Yen, Korean Won, and Mexican Peso. We estimate that approximately 52% of our sales in 2022 were invoiced in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, and we expect sales denominated in foreign currencies to continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenue. While we also have expenses denominated in these same foreign currencies, the impact on revenues has historically been, and is expected to continue to be, greater than the offsetting impact on expenses. Therefore, in times when the U.S. Dollar strengthens in relation to these foreign currencies, we would expect to report a net decrease in operating income. Conversely, in times when the U.S. Dollar weakens in relation to these foreign currencies, we would expect to report a net increase in operating income. Thus, changes in the relative strength of the U.S. Dollar may have a material impact on our operating results. Interest Rate Risk The Company’s investment portfolio of debt securities includes corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, treasury bills, agency bonds, sovereign bonds, and municipal bonds. Debt securities with original maturities greater than three months are designated as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company’s portfolio of debt securities amounted to $672,876,000 with amortized cost amounts totaling $699,693,000, maturities that do not exceed six years, and a yield to maturity of 1.94%. Differences between the fair value and principal amounts of the Company’s portfolio of debt securities are primarily attributable to discounts and premiums arising at the acquisition date, as well as unrealized gains and losses as of the balance sheet date. Management currently intends to hold these securities to full value recovery at maturity. The Company’s investment policy allows investment in debt securities with effective maturities up to ten years, however as of December 31, 2022, 77% of the investment portfolio has effective maturity dates of less than three years. Given the relatively short maturities and investment-grade quality of the Company’s portfolio of debt securities as of December 31, 2022, a sharp rise in interest rates should not have a material adverse effect on the fair value of these instruments. As a result, the Company does not currently hedge these interest rate exposures. The following table presents the hypothetical change in the fair value of the Company’s portfolio of debt securities arising from selected potential changes in interest rates (in thousands). This modeling technique measures the change in fair value that would result from a parallel shift in the yield curve plus or minus 50 and 100 basis points (BP) over a twelve-month time horizon. Type of security Valuation of securities given an interest rate decrease No change in interest rates Valuation of securities given an interest rate increase (100 BP) (50 BP) 50 BP 100 BP Corporate bonds $ 547,596 $ 543,045 $ 538,495 $ 533,945 $ 529,394 Asset-backed securities 61,450 60,939 60,429 59,918 59,407 Treasury bills 56,485 56,016 55,546 55,077 54,608 Agency bonds 16,126 15,992 15,858 15,724 15,590 Sovereign bonds 1,956 1,940 1,924 1,907 1,891 Municipal bonds 635 630 624 619 614 $ 684,248 $ 678,562 $ 672,876 $ 667,190 $ 661,504 31 Table of Content