Capitol Federal Financial, Inc. 10-Q

Item 1. Financial Statements CAPITOL FEDERAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) June 30, September 30, 2022 2021 ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents (includes interest-earning deposits of $ 31,589 and $ 24,289 ) $ 54,789 $ 42,262 Available-for-sale ("AFS") securities, at estimated fair value (amortized cost of $ 1,830,262 and $ 2,008,456 ) 1,694,160 2,014,608 Loans receivable, net (allowance for credit losses ("ACL") of $ 16,283 and $ 19,823 ) 7,236,196 7,081,142 Federal Home Loan Bank Topeka ("FHLB") stock, at cost 87,696 73,421 Premises and equipment, net 96,008 99,127 Income taxes receivable, net 1,993 — Deferred income tax assets, net 19,636 — Other assets 285,575 320,686 TOTAL ASSETS $ 9,476,053 $ 9,631,246 LIABILITIES: Deposits $ 6,329,883 $ 6,597,396 Borrowings 1,869,897 1,582,850 Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 55,955 72,729 Income taxes payable, net — 918 Deferred income tax liabilities, net — 5,810 Other liabilities 88,578 129,270 Total liabilities 8,344,313 8,388,973 STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: Preferred stock, $ .01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding — — Common stock, $ .01 par value; 1,400,000,000 shares authorized, 138,854,084 and 138,832,284 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively 1,388 1,388 Additional paid-in capital 1,190,117 1,189,633 Unearned compensation, Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") ( 30,148 ) ( 31,387 ) Retained earnings 72,308 98,944 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income ("AOCI"), net of tax ( 101,925 ) ( 16,305 ) Total stockholders' equity 1,131,740 1,242,273 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 9,476,053 $ 9,631,246 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 3 CAPITOL FEDERAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME: Loans receivable $ 56,886 $ 54,779 $ 168,086 $ 172,758 Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") 5,048 5,360 14,494 16,499 FHLB stock 2,695 944 6,166 2,964 Cash and cash equivalents 3,968 26 4,931 117 Investment securities 815 763 2,423 2,075 Total interest and dividend income 69,412 61,872 196,100 194,413 INTEREST EXPENSE: Borrowings 11,644 7,826 27,961 26,885 Deposits 7,787 11,475 25,443 38,071 Total interest expense 19,431 19,301 53,404 64,956 NET INTEREST INCOME 49,981 42,571 142,696 129,457 PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES 937 ( 2,691 ) ( 5,690 ) ( 7,187 ) NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES 49,044 45,262 148,386 136,644 NON-INTEREST INCOME: Deposit service fees 3,601 3,227 10,331 8,988 Insurance commissions 788 723 2,042 2,249 Gain on sale of Visa Class B shares — — — 7,386 Other non-interest income 1,726 1,286 4,664 4,160 Total non-interest income 6,115 5,236 17,037 22,783 NON-INTEREST EXPENSE: Salaries and employee benefits 14,581 13,867 42,332 41,402 Information technology and related expense 4,343 4,736 13,268 13,568 Occupancy, net 3,721 3,504 10,593 10,406 Regulatory and outside services 1,572 1,469 4,212 4,288 Advertising and promotional 1,068 1,407 3,626 3,729 Federal insurance premium 784 633 2,200 1,888 Deposit and loan transaction costs 664 693 2,050 2,123 Office supplies and related expense 494 402 1,464 1,289 Loss on interest rate swap termination — — — 4,752 Other non-interest expense 1,163 891 3,299 3,877 Total non-interest expense 28,390 27,602 83,044 87,322 INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE 26,769 22,896 82,379 72,105 INCOME TAX EXPENSE 5,617 4,709 17,418 14,576 NET INCOME $ 21,152 $ 18,187 $ 64,961 $ 57,529 Basic earnings per share ("EPS") $ 0.16 $ 0.13 $ 0.48 $ 0.42 Diluted EPS $ 0.16 $ 0.13 $ 0.48 $ 0.42 Basic weighted average common shares 135,724,658 135,504,869 135,675,959 135,450,951 Diluted weighted average common shares 135,724,658 135,537,152 135,675,959 135,477,566 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 4 CAPITOL FEDERAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands) For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Net income $ 21,152 $ 18,187 $ 64,961 $ 57,529 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: Changes in unrealized gains/losses on AFS securities, net of taxes of $ 10,043 , $( 1,841 ), $ 34,710 , and $ 4,506 ( 31,117 ) 5,703 ( 107,544 ) ( 14,091 ) Changes in unrealized gains/losses on cash flow hedges, net of taxes of $( 1,646 ), $ 29 , $( 7,076 ), and $( 5,500 ) 5,099 ( 88 ) 21,924 17,258 Comprehensive income (loss) $ ( 4,866 ) $ 23,802 $ ( 20,659 ) $ 60,696 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 5 CAPITOL FEDERAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022 Additional Unearned Total Common Paid-In Compensation Retained Stockholders' Stock Capital ESOP Earnings AOCI Equity Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 1,388 $ 1,189,633 $ ( 31,387 ) $ 98,944 $ ( 16,305 ) $ 1,242,273 Net income 22,186 22,186 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax ( 7,021 ) ( 7,021 ) ESOP activity 74 413 487 Restricted stock activity, net ( 3 ) ( 3 ) Stock-based compensation 123 123 Cash dividends to stockholders ($ 0.305 per share) ( 41,385 ) ( 41,385 ) Balance at December 31, 2021 1,388 1,189,827 ( 30,974 ) 79,745 ( 23,326 ) 1,216,660 Net income 21,623 21,623 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax ( 52,581 ) ( 52,581 ) ESOP activity 48 413 461 Stock-based compensation 124 124 Cash dividends to stockholders ($ 0.085 per share) ( 11,535 ) ( 11,535 ) Balance at March 31, 2022 $ 1,388 $ 1,189,999 $ ( 30,561 ) $ 89,833 $ ( 75,907 ) $ 1,174,752 Net income 21,152 21,152 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax ( 26,018 ) ( 26,018 ) ESOP activity ( 5 ) 413 408 Restricted stock activity, net ( 3 ) ( 3 ) Stock-based compensation 126 126 Cash dividends to stockholders ($ 0.285 per share) ( 38,677 ) ( 38,677 ) Balance at June 30, 2022 $ 1,388 $ 1,190,117 $ ( 30,148 ) $ 72,308 $ ( 101,925 ) $ 1,131,740 (Continued) 6 CAPITOL FEDERAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2021 Additional Unearned Total Common Paid-In Compensation Retained Stockholders' Stock Capital ESOP Earnings AOCI Equity Balance at September 30, 2020 $ 1,389 $ 1,189,853 $ ( 33,040 ) $ 143,162 $ ( 16,505 ) $ 1,284,859 Cumulative effect of adopting Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13 ("CECL"), net of tax ( 2,288 ) ( 2,288 ) Net income 18,898 18,898 Other comprehensive income, net of tax 5,134 5,134 ESOP activity 80 413 493 Restricted stock activity, net ( 8 ) ( 8 ) Stock-based compensation 118 118 Repurchase of common stock ( 1 ) ( 1,407 ) ( 122 ) ( 1,530 ) Cash dividends to stockholders ($ 0.215 per share) ( 29,128 ) ( 29,128 ) Balance at December 31, 2020 1,388 1,188,636 ( 32,627 ) 130,522 ( 11,371 ) 1,276,548 Net income 20,444 20,444 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax ( 7,582 ) ( 7,582 ) ESOP activity 132 413 545 Stock-based compensation 134 134 Stock options exercised 24 24 Cash dividends to stockholders ($ 0.085 per share) ( 11,518 ) ( 11,518 ) Balance at March 31, 2021 $ 1,388 $ 1,188,926 $ ( 32,214 ) $ 139,448 $ ( 18,953 ) $ 1,278,595 Net income 18,187 18,187 Other comprehensive income, net of tax 5,615 5,615 ESOP activity 118 413 531 Restricted stock activity, net ( 5 ) ( 5 ) Stock-based compensation 127 127 Stock options exercised 300 300 Cash dividends to stockholders ($ 0.485 per share) ( 65,726 ) ( 65,726 ) Balance at June 30, 2021 $ 1,388 $ 1,189,466 $ ( 31,801 ) $ 91,909 $ ( 13,338 ) $ 1,237,624 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. (Concluded) 7 CAPITOL FEDERAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands) For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net income 64,961 57,529 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: FHLB stock dividends ( 6,166 ) ( 2,964 ) Provision for credit losses ( 5,690 ) ( 7,187 ) Originations of loans receivable held-for-sale ("LHFS") ( 1,089 ) ( 597 ) Proceeds from sales of LHFS 1,113 610 Amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts on securities 4,027 4,308 Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment 7,020 6,938 Amortization of intangible assets 1,049 1,264 Amortization of deferred amounts related to FHLB advances, net 1,347 1,132 Common stock committed to be released for allocation - ESOP 1,356 1,569 Stock-based compensation 373 379 Gain on the sale of Visa Class B shares — ( 7,386 ) Changes in: Unrestricted cash collateral (provided to)/received from derivative counterparties, net 2,620 — Other assets, net 6,307 8,776 Income taxes payable/receivable, net ( 2,921 ) ( 1,703 ) Deferred income tax liabilities, net 2,182 ( 511 ) Other liabilities ( 13,095 ) ( 10,780 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 63,394 51,377 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Purchase of AFS securities ( 86,993 ) ( 953,818 ) Proceeds from calls, maturities and principal reductions of AFS securities 261,160 476,158 Proceeds from the redemption of FHLB stock 188,618 24,225 Purchase of FHLB stock ( 196,727 ) ( 1,029 ) Net change in loans receivable ( 151,805 ) 179,277 Purchase of premises and equipment ( 4,492 ) ( 8,108 ) Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned ("OREO") 503 97 Proceeds from the sale of Visa Class B shares — 7,386 Proceeds from sale of assets held-for-sale — 977 Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") death benefit 1,023 443 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 11,287 ( 274,392 ) (Continued) 8 CAPITOL FEDERAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands) For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Cash dividends paid ( 91,597 ) ( 106,372 ) Net change in deposits ( 267,513 ) 446,886 Proceeds from borrowings 1,079,402 803,800 Repayments on borrowings ( 793,702 ) ( 1,006,800 ) Change in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance ( 16,774 ) ( 18,391 ) Payment of FHLB prepayment penalties — ( 5,076 ) Repurchase of common stock — ( 4,569 ) Stock options exercised — 324 Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities ( 90,184 ) 109,802 NET DECREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH ( 15,503 ) ( 113,213 ) CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH: Beginning of period 70,292 239,708 End of period 54,789 126,495 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. (Concluded) 9 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Capitol Federal Financial, Inc.® (the "Company") and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Capitol Federal Savings Bank (the "Bank"). The Bank has two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Capitol Funds, Inc. and Capital City Investments, Inc. Capitol Funds, Inc. has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Capitol Federal Mortgage Reinsurance Company. Capital City Investments, Inc. is a real estate and investment holding company. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the statement of cash flows included cash and cash equivalents of $ 54.8 million and $ 42.3 million at June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively, and included restricted cash of $ 28.0 million at September 30, 2021, which was included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. There was no restricted cash at June 30, 2022. The restricted cash relates to the collateral postings to/from the Bank's derivative counterparties associated with the Bank's interest rate swaps. See additional discussion regarding the interest rate swaps in Note 5. Borrowed Funds. Net Presentation of Cash Flows Related to Borrowings - At times, the Bank enters into certain FHLB advances with contractual maturities of 90 days or less. Cash flows related to these advances are reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings ("TDRs") and Vintage Disclos ures. This ASU eliminates the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, this ASU requires that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 326-20, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses-Measured at Amortized Cost . This ASU is effective for the Company on October 1, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this ASU on the Company's consolidated financial condition, results of operations and disclosures. 10 2. EARNINGS PER SHARE Shares acquired by the ESOP are not included in basic average shares outstanding until the shares are committed for allocation or vested to an employee's individual account. Unvested shares awarded pursuant to the Company's restricted stock benefit plans are treated as participating securities in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method as they contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends. The two-class method is an earnings allocation that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating security. For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Net income $ 21,152 $ 18,187 $ 64,961 $ 57,529 Income allocated to participating securities ( 11 ) ( 12 ) ( 35 ) ( 39 ) Net income available to common stockholders $ 21,141 $ 18,175 $ 64,926 $ 57,490 Total basic average common shares outstanding 135,724,658 135,504,869 135,675,959 135,450,951 Effect of dilutive stock options — 32,283 — 26,615 Total diluted average common shares outstanding 135,724,658 135,537,152 135,675,959 135,477,566 Net EPS: Basic $ 0.16 $ 0.13 $ 0.48 $ 0.42 Diluted $ 0.16 $ 0.13 $ 0.48 $ 0.42 Antidilutive stock options, excluded from the diluted average common shares outstanding calculation 507,115 93,565 531,305 210,529 11 3. SECURITIES The following tables reflect the amortized cost, estimated fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses of AFS securities at the dates presented. The majority of the MBS and investment securities portfolios are composed of securities issued by United States Government-Sponsored Enterprises ("GSEs"). June 30, 2022 Gross Gross Estimated Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value (Dollars in thousands) MBS $ 1,306,076 $ 1,052 $ 100,381 $ 1,206,747 GSE debentures 519,976 — 36,783 483,193 Corporate bonds 4,000 19 9 4,010 Municipal bonds 210 — — 210 $ 1,830,262 $ 1,071 $ 137,173 $ 1,694,160 September 30, 2021 Gross Gross Estimated Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value (Dollars in thousands) MBS $ 1,484,211 $ 18,690 $ 8,908 $ 1,493,993 GSE debentures 519,971 — 3,645 516,326 Municipal bonds 4,274 15 — 4,289 $ 2,008,456 $ 18,705 $ 12,553 $ 2,014,608 The following tables summarize the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of those AFS securities on which an unrealized loss at the dates presented was reported and the continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and equal to or greater than 12 months as of the dates presented. June 30, 2022 Less Than 12 Months Equal to or Greater Than 12 Months Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses (Dollars in thousands) MBS $ 679,499 $ 49,094 $ 453,856 $ 51,287 GSE debentures 209,978 15,022 273,215 21,761 Corporate bonds 1,991 9 — — Municipal bonds — — — — $ 891,468 $ 64,125 $ 727,071 $ 73,048 September 30, 2021 Less Than 12 Months Equal to or Greater Than 12 Months Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses (Dollars in thousands) MBS $ 881,975 $ 8,843 $ 10,612 $ 65 GSE debentures 516,325 3,645 — — Municipal bonds — — — — $ 1,398,300 $ 12,488 $ 10,612 $ 65 12 The unrealized losses at June 30, 2022 were a result of an increase in market yields from the time the securities were purchased. In general, as market yields rise, the fair value of securities will decrease; as market yields fall, the fair value of securities will increase. Management did not record an ACL on securities in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2022 because scheduled coupon payments have been made, management anticipates that the entire principal balance will be collected as scheduled, and neither does the Company intend to sell the securities, nor is it more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before the recovery of the remaining amortized cost amount, which could be at maturity. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of AFS debt securities as of June 30, 2022, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual principal repayments may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment or early call privileges by the issuer. In the case of MBS, borrowers on the underlying loans generally have the right to prepay their loans without penalty. For this reason, MBS are not included in the maturity categories. Amortized Estimated Cost Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) One year or less $ 210 $ 210 One year through five years 519,976 483,193 Five years through ten years 4,000 4,010 524,186 487,413 MBS 1,306,076 1,206,747 $ 1,830,262 $ 1,694,160 The following table presents the taxable and non-taxable components of interest income on investment securities for the periods presented. For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Taxable $ 813 $ 740 $ 2,393 $ 1,982 Non-taxable 2 23 30 93 $ 815 $ 763 $ 2,423 $ 2,075 The following table summarizes the carrying value of securities pledged as collateral for the obligations indicated below as of the dates presented. June 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Public unit deposits $ 123,889 $ 264,885 Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City ("FRB of Kansas City") 52,394 64,707 Commercial deposits 17,686 66,256 $ 193,969 $ 395,848 During the prior year, the Company sold its Visa Class B shares. The proceeds and realized gain related to the sale of the Visa Class B shares were each $ 7.4 million. All other dispositions of securities during the nine months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021 were the result of principal repayments, calls, or maturities. 13 4. LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Loans receivable, net at the dates presented is summarized as follows: June 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated $ 3,963,608 $ 3,956,064 Correspondent purchased 2,070,822 2,003,477 Bulk purchased 151,461 173,662 Construction 60,426 39,142 Total 6,246,317 6,172,345 Commercial: Commercial real estate 717,947 676,908 Commercial and industrial 70,932 66,497 Construction 115,031 85,963 Total 903,910 829,368 Consumer: Home equity 87,235 86,274 Other 8,289 8,086 Total 95,524 94,360 Total loans receivable 7,245,751 7,096,073 Less: ACL 16,283 19,823 Deferred loan fees/discounts 29,470 29,556 Premiums/deferred costs ( 36,198 ) ( 34,448 ) $ 7,236,196 $ 7,081,142 Lending Practices and Underwriting Standards - Originating and purchasing one- to four-family loans is the Bank's primary lending business. The Bank also originates consumer loans primarily secured by one- to four-family residential properties and originates and participates in commercial loans. The Bank has a loan concentration in one- to four-family loans and a geographic concentration of these loans in Kansas and Missouri. One- to four-family loans - Full documentation to support an applicant's credit and income, and sufficient funds to cover all applicable fees and reserves at closing, are required on all loans. Generally, loans are underwritten according to the "ability to repay" and "qualified mortgage" standards, as issued by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB"). Properties securing one- to four-family loans are appraised by either staff appraisers or fee appraisers, both of which are independent of the loan origination function. The underwriting standards for loans purchased from correspondent lenders are generally similar to the Bank's internal underwriting standards. The underwriting of loans purchased from correspondent lenders on a loan-by-loan basis is performed by the Bank's underwriters. The Bank also originates owner-occupied construction-to-permanent loans secured by one- to four-family residential real estate. Construction draw requests and the supporting documentation are reviewed and approved by designated personnel. The Bank also performs regular documented inspections of the construction project to ensure the funds are being used for the intended purpose and the project is being completed according to the plans and specifications provided. Commercial loans - The Bank's commercial real estate and commercial construction loans are originated by the Bank or in participation with a lead bank. When underwriting a commercial real estate or commercial construction loan, several factors are considered, such as the income producing potential of the property, cash equity provided by the borrower, the financial strength of the borrower, managerial expertise of the borrower or tenant, feasibility studies, lending experience with the borrower and the marketability of the property. For commercial real estate and commercial construction participation loans, the Bank performs the same underwriting procedures as if the loan was being originated by the Bank. At the time of origination, loan-to-value ("LTV") 14 ratios on commercial real estate loans generally do not exceed 85 % of the appraised value of the property securing the loans and the minimum debt service coverage ratio is generally 1.15 . For commercial construction loans, LTV ratios generally do not exceed 80 % of the projected appraised value of the property securing the loans and the minimum debt service coverage ratio is generally 1.15 , but it applies to the projected cash flows, and the borrower must have successful experience with the construction and operation of properties similar to the subject property. Appraisals on properties securing these loans are performed by independent state certified fee appraisers. The Bank's commercial and industrial loans are generally made in the Bank's market areas and are underwritten on the basis of the borrower's ability to service the debt from income. Working capital loans are primarily collateralized by short-term assets whereas term loans are primarily collateralized by long-term assets. In general, commercial and industrial loans involve more credit risk than commercial real estate loans due to the type of collateral securing commercial and industrial loans. As a result of these additional complexities, variables and risks, commercial and industrial loans require more thorough underwriting and servicing than other types of loans. Consumer loans - The Bank offers a variety of consumer loans, the majority of which are home equity loans and lines of credit for which the Bank also has the first mortgage or the home equity line of credit is in the first lien position. The underwriting standards for consumer loans include a determination of an applicant's payment history on other debts and an assessment of an applicant's ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan. Although creditworthiness of an applicant is a primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the security in relation to the proposed loan amount. Credit Quality Indicators - Based on the Bank's lending emphasis and underwriting standards, management has segmented the loan portfolio into three segments: (1) one- to four-family; (2) consumer; and (3) commercial. These segments are further divided into classes for purposes of providing disaggregated credit quality information about the loan portfolio. The classes are: one- to four-family - originated, one- to four-family - correspondent purchased, one- to four-family - bulk purchased, consumer - home equity, consumer - other, commercial - commercial real estate, and commercial - commercial and industrial. One- to four-family construction loans are included in the originated class and commercial construction loans are included in the commercial real estate class. As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company's loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to loan classification and delinquency status. Loan Classification - In accordance with the Bank's asset classification policy, management regularly reviews the problem loans in the Bank's portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification. Loan classifications are defined as follows: • Special mention - These loans are performing loans on which known information about the collateral pledged or the possible credit problems of the borrower(s) have caused management to have doubts as to the ability of the borrower(s) to comply with present loan repayment terms and which may result in the future inclusion of such loans in the nonaccrual loan categories. • Substandard - A loan is considered substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans include those characterized by the distinct possibility the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts and conditions and values highly questionable and improbable. • Loss - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets on the books is not warranted. 15 The following table sets forth, as of the dates indicated, the amortized cost of loans by class of financing receivable, year of origination or most recent credit decision, and loan classification. All revolving lines of credit are presented separately, regardless of origination year. Loans classified as doubtful or loss are individually evaluated for loss. At June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, there were no loans classified as doubtful, and all loans classified as loss were fully charged-off. June 30, 2022 Current Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Revolving Fiscal Year Year Year Year Prior Line of Year 2021 2020 2019 2018 Years Credit Total (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated Pass $ 431,090 $ 940,258 $ 639,580 $ 288,707 $ 218,917 $ 1,467,749 $ — $ 3,986,301 Special Mention 33 255 1,213 621 598 8,261 — 10,981 Substandard — 115 279 1,031 256 8,949 — 10,630 Correspondent purchased Pass 311,564 667,434 279,606 72,042 107,281 650,328 — 2,088,255 Special Mention — — — 351 979 1,840 — 3,170 Substandard — — — 168 516 3,813 — 4,497 Bulk purchased Pass — — — — — 147,961 — 147,961 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 4,055 — 4,055 742,687 1,608,062 920,678 362,920 328,547 2,292,956 — 6,255,850 Commercial: Commercial real estate Pass 218,340 246,384 127,935 87,546 43,322 51,008 6,950 781,485 Special Mention — 46,366 — — — — — 46,366 Substandard 442 599 594 222 230 30 — 2,117 Commercial and industrial Pass 26,643 19,019 6,968 4,677 1,134 708 10,846 69,995 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 81 32 852 965 245,425 312,368 135,497 92,445 44,767 51,778 18,648 900,928 Consumer: Home equity Pass 3,832 2,541 1,613 1,041 1,085 2,224 74,406 86,742 Special Mention — — — — — — 288 288 Substandard — — — 19 — 12 353 384 Other Pass 3,215 2,216 1,014 576 697 212 357 8,287 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — 7,047 4,757 2,627 1,636 1,782 2,448 75,404 95,701 Total $ 995,159 $ 1,925,187 $ 1,058,802 $ 457,001 $ 375,096 $ 2,347,182 $ 94,052 $ 7,252,479 16 In the table below, certain commercial loans are presented in the "Fiscal Year 2021" column and are reported as special mention or substandard. These loans were generally first originated in prior years but were renewed or modified in fiscal year 2021. September 30, 2021 Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Revolving Year Year Year Year Year Prior Line of 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Years Credit Total (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated Pass $ 958,080 $ 705,561 $ 326,156 $ 250,846 $ 281,104 $ 1,434,455 $ — $ 3,956,202 Special Mention 402 443 501 678 237 7,805 — 10,066 Substandard — 966 867 51 192 11,192 — 13,268 Correspondent purchased Pass 630,977 334,042 88,057 136,572 162,938 664,530 — 2,017,116 Special Mention 760 — 356 — — 3,160 — 4,276 Substandard — — 169 504 — 4,527 — 5,200 Bulk purchased Pass — — — — — 169,519 — 169,519 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 4,848 — 4,848 1,590,219 1,041,012 416,106 388,651 444,471 2,300,036 — 6,180,495 Commercial: Commercial real estate Pass 272,329 149,244 94,972 61,214 38,962 35,591 5,231 657,543 Special Mention 50,352 — — — — 49,369 — 99,721 Substandard 810 627 225 669 — 34 — 2,365 Commercial and industrial Pass 32,651 10,168 6,988 2,213 1,155 595 11,709 65,479 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 86 48 — 765 899 356,142 160,039 102,185 64,182 40,165 85,589 17,705 826,007 Consumer: Home equity Pass 3,295 2,218 1,428 1,563 536 2,473 74,036 85,549 Special Mention — — 37 12 — — 82 131 Substandard — 60 — — — 9 636 705 Other Pass 3,491 1,631 1,086 944 465 105 339 8,061 Special Mention — — 4 — — — — 4 Substandard — 3 6 1 3 — — 13 6,786 3,912 2,561 2,520 1,004 2,587 75,093 94,463 Total $ 1,953,147 $ 1,204,963 $ 520,852 $ 455,353 $ 485,640 $ 2,388,212 $ 92,798 $ 7,100,965 17 Delinquency Status - The following tables set forth, as of the dates indicated, the amortized cost of current loans, loans 30 to 89 days delinquent, and loans 90 or more days delinquent or in foreclosure ("90+/FC"), by class of financing receivable and year of origination or most recent credit decision as of the dates indicated. All revolving lines of credit are presented separately, regardless of origination year. June 30, 2022 Current Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Revolving Fiscal Year Year Year Year Prior Line of Year 2021 2020 2019 2018 Years Credit Total (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated Current $ 431,123 $ 940,401 $ 640,648 $ 289,459 $ 219,361 $ 1,478,318 $ — $ 3,999,310 30-89 — 112 424 610 302 4,573 — 6,021 90+/FC — 115 — 290 108 2,068 — 2,581 Correspondent purchased Current 311,564 666,687 279,606 72,393 107,281 652,183 — 2,089,714 30-89 — 747 — — 979 1,787 — 3,513 90+/FC — — — 168 516 2,011 — 2,695 Bulk purchased Current — — — — — 149,444 — 149,444 30-89 — — — — — 755 — 755 90+/FC — — — — — 1,817 — 1,817 742,687 1,608,062 920,678 362,920 328,547 2,292,956 — 6,255,850 Commercial: Commercial real estate Current 218,782 293,349 127,863 87,546 43,213 50,515 6,950 828,218 30-89 — — 72 — 109 494 — 675 90+/FC — — 594 222 230 29 — 1,075 Commercial and industrial Current 26,643 19,019 6,968 4,672 1,116 708 11,698 70,824 30-89 — — — 5 18 — — 23 90+/FC — — — — 81 32 — 113 245,425 312,368 135,497 92,445 44,767 51,778 18,648 900,928 Consumer: Home equity Current 3,832 2,541 1,613 1,060 1,085 2,162 74,717 87,010 30-89 — — — — — 66 164 230 90+/FC — — — — — 8 166 174 Other Current 3,209 2,203 1,014 571 697 212 355 8,261 30-89 6 13 — 5 — — 2 26 90+/FC — — — — — — — — 7,047 4,757 2,627 1,636 1,782 2,448 75,404 95,701 Total $ 995,159 $ 1,925,187 $ 1,058,802 $ 457,001 $ 375,096 $ 2,347,182 $ 94,052 $ 7,252,479 18 September 30, 2021 Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Revolving Year Year Year Year Year Prior Line of 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Years Credit Total (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated Current $ 958,482 $ 706,970 $ 327,408 $ 251,524 $ 281,341 $ 1,445,992 $ — $ 3,971,717 30-89 — — — 51 — 4,091 — 4,142 90+/FC — — 116 — 192 3,369 — 3,677 Correspondent purchased Current 630,977 334,042 88,413 136,572 162,017 668,685 — 2,020,706 30-89 760 — — — 921 948 — 2,629 90+/FC — — 169 504 — 2,584 — 3,257 Bulk purchased Current — — — — — 170,809 — 170,809 30-89 — — — — — 555 — 555 90+/FC — — — — — 3,003 — 3,003 1,590,219 1,041,012 416,106 388,651 444,471 2,300,036 — 6,180,495 Commercial: Commercial real estate Current 323,491 149,244 94,972 61,651 38,962 84,957 5,231 758,508 30-89 — — — — — 37 — 37 90+/FC — 627 225 232 — — — 1,084 Commercial and industrial Current 32,651 10,168 6,988 2,212 1,155 595 12,474 66,243 30-89 — — — — — — — — 90+/FC — — — 87 48 — — 135 356,142 160,039 102,185 64,182 40,165 85,589 17,705 826,007 Consumer: Home equity Current 3,295 2,218 1,465 1,575 536 2,357 73,958 85,404 30-89 — — — — — 121 375 496 90+/FC — 60 — — — 4 421 485 Other Current 3,491 1,631 1,088 944 465 105 339 8,063 30-89 — — 2 — — — — 2 90+/FC — 3 6 1 3 — — 13 6,786 3,912 2,561 2,520 1,004 2,587 75,093 94,463 Total $ 1,953,147 $ 1,204,963 $ 520,852 $ 455,353 $ 485,640 $ 2,388,212 $ 92,798 $ 7,100,965 19 Delinquent and Nonaccrual Loans - The following tables present the amortized cost, at the dates indicated, by class, of loans 30 to 89 days delinquent, loans 90 or more days delinquent or in foreclosure, total delinquent loans, current loans, and total loans. At June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, all loans 90 or more days delinquent were on nonaccrual status. June 30, 2022 90 or More Days Total Total 30 to 89 Days Delinquent or Delinquent Current Amortized Delinquent in Foreclosure Loans Loans Cost (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated $ 6,021 $ 2,581 $ 8,602 $ 3,999,310 $ 4,007,912 Correspondent purchased 3,513 2,695 6,208 2,089,714 2,095,922 Bulk purchased 755 1,817 2,572 149,444 152,016 Commercial: Commercial real estate 675 1,075 1,750 828,218 829,968 Commercial and industrial 23 113 136 70,824 70,960 Consumer: Home equity 230 174 404 87,010 87,414 Other 26 — 26 8,261 8,287 $ 11,243 $ 8,455 $ 19,698 $ 7,232,781 $ 7,252,479 September 30, 2021 90 or More Days Total Total 30 to 89 Days Delinquent or Delinquent Current Amortized Delinquent in Foreclosure Loans Loans Cost (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated $ 4,142 $ 3,677 $ 7,819 $ 3,971,717 $ 3,979,536 Correspondent purchased 2,629 3,257 5,886 2,020,706 2,026,592 Bulk purchased 555 3,003 3,558 170,809 174,367 Commercial: Commercial real estate 37 1,084 1,121 758,508 759,629 Commercial and industrial — 135 135 66,243 66,378 Consumer: Home equity 496 485 981 85,404 86,385 Other 2 13 15 8,063 8,078 $ 7,861 $ 11,654 $ 19,515 $ 7,081,450 $ 7,100,965 The amortized cost of mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 was $ 1.7 million and $ 799 thousand, respectively, which is included in loans 90 or more days delinquent or in foreclosure in the tables above. The carrying value of residential OREO held as a result of obtaining physical possession upon completion of a foreclosure or through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure as of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 was $ 258 thousand and $ 170 thousand, respectively. 20 The following table presents the amortized cost at June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, by class, of loans classified as nonaccrual. Additionally, the amortized cost of nonaccrual loans that had no related ACL is presented, all of which were individually evaluated for loss and any identified losses have been charged off. June 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 Nonaccrual Loans Nonaccrual Loans with No ACL Nonaccrual Loans Nonaccrual Loans with No ACL (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated $ 2,787 $ 897 $ 4,965 $ 2,237 Correspondent purchased 2,696 307 3,257 307 Bulk purchased 1,817 939 3,134 1,564 Commercial: Commercial real estate 1,074 451 1,496 485 Commercial and industrial 113 113 134 86 Consumer: Home equity 193 19 494 84 Other — — 13 — $ 8,680 $ 2,726 $ 13,493 $ 4,763 21 TDRs - The following tables present the amortized cost prior to restructuring and immediately after restructuring in all loans restructured during the periods presented. These tables do not reflect the amortized cost at the end of the periods indicated. Any increase in the amortized cost at the time of the restructuring was generally due to the capitalization of delinquent interest and/or escrow balances. For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022 June 30, 2022 Number Pre- Post- Number Pre- Post- of Restructured Restructured of Restructured Restructured Contracts Outstanding Outstanding Contracts Outstanding Outstanding (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated — $ — $ — 2 $ 124 $ 124 Correspondent purchased — — — — — — Bulk purchased — — — — — — Commercial: Commercial real estate — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — 2 124 124 Consumer: Home equity — — — 1 19 19 Other — — — — — — — $ — $ — 5 $ 267 $ 267 For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2021 June 30, 2021 Number Pre- Post- Number Pre- Post- of Restructured Restructured of Restructured Restructured Contracts Outstanding Outstanding Contracts Outstanding Outstanding (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated — $ — $ — 6 $ 1,518 $ 1,407 Correspondent purchased — — — — — — Bulk purchased — — — — — — Commercial: Commercial real estate — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — — — Consumer: Home equity — — — — — — Other — — — — — — — $ — $ — 6 $ 1,518 $ 1,407 The following table provides information on TDRs that became delinquent during the periods presented within 12 months after being restructured. For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 Number of Amortized Number of Amortized Number of Amortized Number of Amortized Contracts Cost Contracts Cost Contracts Cost Contracts Cost (Dollars in thousands) One- to four-family: Originated — $ — — $ — 1 $ 684 — $ — Correspondent purchased — — — — — — — — Bulk purchased — — — — — — — — Commercial: Commercial real estate — — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — — Consumer: Home equity 1 19 — — 1 19 — — Other — — — — — — — — 1 $ 19 — $ — 2 $ 703 — $ — 22 Allowance for Credit Losses - The following is a summary of ACL activity, by loan portfolio segment, for the periods presented. For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 One- to Four-Family Correspondent Bulk Originated Purchased Purchased Total Commercial Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 1,709 $ 2,129 $ 241 $ 4,079 $ 11,031 $ 202 $ 15,312 Charge-offs — — — — — ( 10 ) ( 10 ) Recoveries 126 — — 126 52 7 185 Provision for credit losses 69 308 ( 17 ) 360 407 29 796 Ending balance $ 1,904 $ 2,437 $ 224 $ 4,565 $ 11,490 $ 228 $ 16,283 For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022 One- to Four-Family Correspondent Bulk Originated Purchased Purchased Total Commercial Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 1,612 $ 2,062 $ 304 $ 3,978 $ 15,652 $ 193 $ 19,823 Charge-offs ( 4 ) — — ( 4 ) ( 10 ) ( 16 ) ( 30 ) Recoveries 137 — — 137 101 12 250 Provision for credit losses 159 375 ( 80 ) 454 ( 4,253 ) 39 ( 3,760 ) Ending balance $ 1,904 $ 2,437 $ 224 $ 4,565 $ 11,490 $ 228 $ 16,283 For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 One- to Four-Family Correspondent Bulk Originated Purchased Purchased Total Commercial Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 1,536 $ 1,705 $ 747 $ 3,988 $ 19,157 $ 252 $ 23,397 Charge-offs ( 18 ) — — ( 18 ) — ( 1 ) ( 19 ) Recoveries 49 — — 49 18 4 71 Provision for credit losses ( 32 ) 34 ( 73 ) ( 71 ) ( 2,642 ) ( 12 ) ( 2,725 ) Ending balance $ 1,535 $ 1,739 $ 674 $ 3,948 $ 16,533 $ 243 $ 20,724 For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2021 One- to Four-Family Correspondent Bulk Originated Purchased Purchased Total Commercial Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 6,085 $ 2,691 $ 467 $ 9,243 $ 21,800 $ 484 $ 31,527 Adoption of CECL ( 4,452 ) ( 367 ) 436 ( 4,383 ) ( 193 ) ( 185 ) ( 4,761 ) Balance at October 1, 2020 1,633 2,324 903 4,860 21,607 299 26,766 Charge-offs ( 142 ) — ( 21 ) ( 163 ) ( 515 ) ( 11 ) ( 689 ) Recoveries 140 — — 140 38 29 207 Provision for credit losses ( 96 ) ( 585 ) ( 208 ) ( 889 ) ( 4,597 ) ( 74 ) ( 5,560 ) Ending balance $ 1,535 $ 1,739 $ 674 $ 3,948 $ 16,533 $ 243 $ 20,724 23 The key assumptions in the Company's ACL model include the economic forecast, the forecast and reversion to mean time periods, and prepayment and curtailment assumptions. Management also considered certain qualitative factors when evaluating the adequacy of the ACL at June 30, 2022. The key assumptions utilized in estimating the Company's ACL at June 30, 2022 are discussed below. • Economic Forecast - Management considered several economic forecasts provided by a third party and selected a weighted economic forecast that was most appropriate considering the facts and circumstances at June 30, 2022. The forecasted economic indices applied to the model at June 30, 2022 were the national unemployment rate, changes in commercial real estate price index, changes in home values, and changes in the U.S. gross domestic product. The economic index most impactful to all loan pools within the model at June 30, 2022 was the national unemployment rate. The forecast national unemployment rate in the economic scenario selected by management at June 30, 2022 had the national unemployment rate gradually increasing to 4.3 % by June 30, 2023 which was the end of our four quarter forecast time period. • Forecast and reversion to mean time period - The forecasted time period and the reversion to mean time period were each four quarters for all of the economic indices at June 30, 2022. • Prepayment and curtailment assumptions - The assumptions used at June 30, 2022 were generally based on actual historical prepayment and curtailment speeds for each respective loan pool in the model. • Qualitative factors - The qualitative factors applied by management at June 30, 2022 included the following: ◦ The economic uncertainties related to the unemployment rate, the labor force composition, and the labor participation rate; ◦ The balance and trending of large-dollar special mention commercial loans; and ◦ Coronavirus Disease 2019 ("COVID-19") loan modifications related to commercial real estate loans. The decrease in ACL during the current year-to-date period was primarily a result of a negative provision for credit losses of $ 3.8 million which was due to a reduction in commercial loan qualitative factors, partially offset by an increase in ACL related to loan growth. Reserve for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures - The following is a summary of the changes in reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures during the periods indicated. The negative provision for credit losses in the current year period was due primarily to a reduction in the commercial loan qualitative factors. For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022 June 30, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 3,672 Beginning balance $ 5,743 Provision for credit losses 141 Provision for credit losses ( 1,930 ) Ending balance $ 3,813 Ending balance $ 3,813 For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2021 June 30, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 6,127 Beginning balance $ — Provision for credit losses 34 Adoption of CECL 7,788 Ending balance $ 6,161 Balance at October 1, 2020 7,788 Provision for credit losses ( 1,627 ) Ending balance $ 6,161 24 5. BORROWED FUNDS FHLB Borrowings and Interest Rate Swaps - At June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the Bank had entered into interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of $ 365.0 million in order to hedge the variable cash flows associated with $ 365.0 million of adjustable-rate FHLB advances. At June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the interest rate swap agreements had an average remaining term to maturity of 3.3 years and 4.1 years, respectively. The interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges and involved the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Bank making fixed-rate payments over the life of the interest rate swap agreements. At June 30, 2022, the interest rate swaps were in a gain position with a total fair value of $ 1.3 million which was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2021, the interest rate swaps were in a loss position with a total fair value of $ 27.7 million, which was reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022, $ 1.3 million and $ 4.8 million, respectively, was reclassified from AOCI as an increase to interest expense. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2021, $ 2.1 million and $ 11.5 million, respectively, was reclassified from AOCI. Of this amount, for the nine months ended June 30, 2021, $ 7.9 million was recognized as an increase to interest expense and $ 3.6 million, net of tax, was reclassified as a result of the termination of the related interest rate swaps, as discussed below, and reported in the loss on interest rate swap termination line item within the consolidated statements of operations. At June 30, 2022, the Company estimated that $ 1.4 million of interest expense associated with the interest rate swaps would be reclassified from AOCI as a decrease to interest expense on FHLB borrowings during the next 12 months. The Bank has minimum collateral posting thresholds with its derivative counterparties and posts collateral on a daily basis. The Bank held cash collateral of $ 2.6 million at June 30, 2022 and posted cash collateral of $ 28.0 million at September 30, 2021. During the current year-to-date period, the Bank utilized a leverage strategy (the "leverage strategy") to increase earnings. The leverage strategy involved borrowing up to $ 2.10 billion either on the Bank's line of credit with FHLB or by entering into short-term FHLB advances, depending on the rates offered by FHLB, with all of the balance being paid down at each quarter end, or earlier if the strategy is not profitable. The proceeds of the borrowings, net of the required FHLB stock holdings, were deposited at the FRB of Kansas City. During the prior year-to-date period, the Bank terminated interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $ 200.0 million which were tied to FHLB advances totaling $ 200.0 million. The interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges and involved the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Bank making fixed-rate payments over the life of the interest rate swap agreements. Since it was management's intention to prepay the related FHLB advances, it was no longer probable that the original forecasted transactions subject to the cash flow hedges would occur. Therefore, the termination of the interest rate swaps resulted in the reclassification of unrealized losses, net of tax, totaling $ 3.6 million ($ 4.8 million pretax) from AOCI into earnings. 6. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Fair Value Measurements - The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial instruments and to determine fair value disclosures in accordance with ASC 820 and ASC 825. The Company's AFS securities and interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other financial instruments on a non-recurring basis, such as OREO and loans individually evaluated for impairment. These non-recurring fair value adjustments involve the application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual financial instruments. The Company groups its financial instruments at fair value in three levels based on the markets in which the financial instruments are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are: • Level 1 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. • Level 2 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. • Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company's own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the financial instrument. Valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques. The results cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the financial instrument. The Company bases the fair value of its financial instruments on the price that would be received from the sale of an instrument in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. 25 The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis. AFS Securities - The Company's AFS securities portfolio is carried at estimated fair value. The majority of the securities within the AFS portfolio were issued by GSEs. The Company primarily uses prices obtained from third party pricing services to determine the fair value of its securities. On a quarterly basis, management corroborates a sample of prices obtained from the third party pricing service for Level 2 securities by comparing them to an independent source. If the price provided by the independent source varies by more than a predetermined percentage from the price received from the third party pricing service, then the variance is researched by management. The Company did not have to adjust prices obtained from the third party pricing service when determining the fair value of its securities during the nine months ended June 30, 2022 or during fiscal year 2021. The Company's major security types, based on the nature and risks of the securities, are: • GSE Debentures - Estimated fair values are based on a discounted cash flow method. Cash flows are determined by taking any embedded options into consideration and are discounted using current market yields for similar securities. (Level 2) • MBS - Estimated fair values are based on a discounted cash flow method. Cash flows are determined based on prepayment projections of the underlying mortgages and are discounted using current market yields for benchmark securities. (Level 2) • Corporate Bonds - Estimated fair values are based on a discounted cash flow method. Cash flows are determined by taking any embedded options into consideration and are discounted using current market yields for securities with similar credit profiles. (Level 2) • Municipal Bonds - Estimated fair values are based on a discounted cash flow method. Cash flows are determined by taking any embedded options into consideration and are discounted using current market yields for securities with similar credit profiles. (Level 2) Interest Rate Swaps - The Company's interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and are reported at fair value in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet if in a gain position, and in other liabilities if in a loss position, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as AOCI in stockholders' equity. See "Note 5. Borrowed Funds" for additional information. The estimated fair values of the interest rates swaps are obtained from the counterparty and are determined by a discounted cash flow analysis using observable market-based inputs. On a quarterly basis, management corroborates the estimated fair values by internally calculating the estimated fair value using a discounted cash flow analysis with independent observable market-based inputs from a third party. No adjustments were made to the estimated fair values obtained from the counterparty during the nine months ended June 30, 2022 or during fiscal year 2021. (Level 2) 26 The following tables provide the level of valuation assumption used to determine the carrying value of the Company's financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates presented. The Company did no t have any Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2022 or September 30, 2021. June 30, 2022 Quoted Prices Significant Significant in Active Markets Other Observable Unobservable Carrying for Identical Assets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) (Dollars in thousands) Assets: AFS Securities: MBS $ 1,206,747 $ — $ 1,206,747 $ — GSE debentures 483,193 — 483,193 — Corporate bonds 4,010 — 4,010 — Municipal bonds 210 — 210 — $ 1,694,160 $ — $ 1,694,160 $ — Interest rate swaps 1,281 — 1,281 — $ 1,695,441 $ — $ 1,695,441 $ — September 30, 2021 Quoted Prices Significant Significant in Active Markets Other Observable Unobservable Carrying for Identical Assets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) (Dollars in thousands) Assets: AFS Securities: MBS $ 1,493,993 $ — $ 1,493,993 $ — GSE debentures 516,326 — 516,326 — Municipal bonds 4,289 — 4,289 — $ 2,014,608 $ — $ 2,014,608 $ — Liabilities: Interest rate swaps $ 27,719 $ — $ 27,719 $ — The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for significant financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The significant unobservable inputs used in the determination of the fair value of assets classified as Level 3 have an inherent measurement uncertainty that, if changed, could result in higher or lower fair value measurements of these assets as of the reporting date . Loans Receivable - Collateral dependent assets are assets evaluated on an individual basis. Those collateral dependent assets that are evaluated on an individual basis are considered financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The fair value of collateral dependent loans/loans individually evaluated for loss on a non-recurring basis during the nine months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 that were still held in the portfolio as of June 30, 2022 and 2021 was $ 4.3 million and $ 7.4 million, respectively. The one- to four-family loans included in this amount were individually evaluated to determine if the carrying value of the loan was in excess of the fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs of 10 %. Fair values were estimated through current appraisals. Management does not adjust or apply a discount to the appraised value of one- to four-family loans, except for the estimated sales cost noted above, and the primary unobservable input for these loans was the appraisal. For commercial loans, if the most recent appraisal or book value of the collateral does not reflect current market conditions due to the passage of time and/or other factors, management will make adjustments to the existing appraised or book value based on knowledge of local market conditions, recent transactions, and estimated selling costs, if applicable. Adjustments to appraised or book values are generally based on assumptions not observable in the marketplace. The primary significant unobservable inputs for commercial loans individually evaluated during the nine months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021 were downward adjustments to the book value 27 of the collateral for lack of marketability. During the nine months ended June 30, 2022, the adjustments ranged from 9 % to 56 %, with a weighted average of 21 %. During the nine months ended June 30, 2021, the adjustments ranged from 7 % to 50 %, with a weighted average of 22 %. The basis utilized in calculating the weighted averages for these adjustments was the original unadjusted value of each collateral item. Fair values of collateral dependent loans/loans individually evaluated for loss cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the loan and, as such, are classified as Level 3. OREO - OREO primarily represents real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure and is carried at lower of cost or fair value. The fair value for OREO is estimated through current appraisals or listing prices, less estimated selling costs of 10 %. Management does not adjust or apply a discount to the appraised value or listing price, except for the estimated sales costs noted above. The primary significant unobservable input for OREO was the appraisal or listing price. Fair values of foreclosed property cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale of the property and, as such, are classified as Level 3. The fair value of OREO measured on a non-recurring basis during the nine months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 that was still held in the portfolio as of June 30, 2022 and 2021 was $ 258 thousand and $ 177 thousand, respectively. The carrying value of the properties equaled the fair value of the properties at June 30, 2022 and 2021. Fair Value Disclosures - The Company estimated fair value amounts using available market information and a variety of valuation methodologies as of the dates presented. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop the estimates of fair value. The estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of amounts the Company would realize from a current market exchange at subsequent dates. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments by fair value hierarchy, at the dates presented, were as follows: June 30, 2022 Carrying Estimated Fair Value Amount Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (Dollars in thousands) Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 54,789 $ 54,789 $ 54,789 $ — $ — AFS securities 1,694,160 1,694,160 — 1,694,160 — Loans receivable 7,236,196 7,052,727 — — 7,052,727 FHLB stock 87,696 87,696 87,696 — — Interest rate swaps 1,281 1,281 — 1,281 — Liabilities: Deposits 6,329,883 6,273,934 4,053,544 2,220,390 — Borrowings 1,869,897 1,766,122 35,700 1,730,422 — September 30, 2021 Carrying Estimated Fair Value Amount Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (Dollars in thousands) Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 42,262 $ 42,262 $ 42,262 $ — $ — AFS securities 2,014,608 2,014,608 — 2,014,608 — Loans receivable 7,081,142 7,534,278 — — 7,534,278 FHLB stock 73,421 73,421 73,421 — — Liabilities: Deposits 6,597,396 6,649,954 3,838,656 2,811,298 — Borrowings 1,582,850 1,611,414 — 1,611,414 — Interest rate swaps 27,719 27,719 — 27,719 — 28 7. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME The following tables present the changes in the components of AOCI, net of tax, for the periods indicated. For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Unrealized Unrealized Gains (Losses) Gains (Losses) on AFS on Cash Flow Total Securities Hedges AOCI (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ ( 71,776 ) $ ( 4,131 ) $ ( 75,907 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications ( 31,117 ) 3,798 ( 27,319 ) Amount reclassified from AOCI, net of taxes of $( 420 ) — 1,301 1,301 Other comprehensive income (loss) ( 31,117 ) 5,099 ( 26,018 ) Ending balance $ ( 102,893 ) $ 968 $ ( 101,925 ) For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2022 Unrealized Unrealized Gains (Losses) Gains (Losses) on AFS on Cash Flow Total Securities Hedges AOCI (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 4,651 $ ( 20,956 ) $ ( 16,305 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications ( 107,544 ) 17,127 ( 90,417 ) Amount reclassified from AOCI, net of taxes of $( 1,548 ) — 4,797 4,797 Other comprehensive income (loss) ( 107,544 ) 21,924 ( 85,620 ) Ending balance $ ( 102,893 ) $ 968 $ ( 101,925 ) For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Unrealized Unrealized Gains (Losses) Gains (Losses) on AFS on Cash Flow Total Securities Hedges AOCI (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 3,934 $ ( 22,887 ) $ ( 18,953 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications 5,703 ( 2,212 ) 3,491 Amount reclassified from AOCI, net of taxes of $( 686 ) — 2,124 2,124 Other comprehensive income (loss) 5,703 ( 88 ) 5,615 Ending balance $ 9,637 $ ( 22,975 ) $ ( 13,338 ) For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2021 Unrealized Unrealized Gains (Losses) Gains (Losses) on AFS on Cash Flow Total Securities Hedges AOCI (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance $ 23,728 $ ( 40,233 ) $ ( 16,505 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications ( 14,091 ) 5,743 ( 8,348 ) Amount reclassified from AOCI, net of taxes of $( 3,717 ) — 11,515 11,515 Other comprehensive income (loss) ( 14,091 ) 17,258 3,167 Ending balance $ 9,637 $ ( 22,975 ) $ ( 13,338 ) 29