Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Market risk is broadly defined as potential economic losses due to adverse changes in the fair value of a financial instrument. In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks, including foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk by virtue of our international operations. This risk arises because we use different currencies to recognize revenue and pay operating expenses. We derived 28% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 from operations outside of the United States. Our strategy for managing foreign currency risk relies on efforts to negotiate customer contracts to receive payment in the same currency used to pay expenses. As of December 31, 2024, we had no outstanding foreign currency forward contracts. Foreign currency exchange rate risk is evidenced in our consolidated financial statements through translation risk and transaction and re-measurement risk.
Translation Risk
We are exposed to movements in foreign currencies, predominately in U.S. dollars, British Pounds Sterling, Euros, or Japanese yen, with the majority in U.S. dollars. The vast majority of our contracts are entered into by our U.S. and U.K., E.U., and Japanese subsidiaries. Contracts entered into by our U.S. subsidiaries are almost always denominated in U.S. dollars. Contracts entered into by our other subsidiaries are generally denominated in U.S. dollars, pounds sterling, euros, or Japanese yen, with the majority in U.S. dollars. If the U.S. dollar had weakened 10% or strengthened 10% relative to the pound sterling, the euro, and the Japanese yen in the year
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ended December 31, 2024, income from operations would have been lower or higher by approximately $3.5 million, based on revenues and costs related to our foreign operations.
Changes in exchange rates between the applicable foreign currency and the U.S. dollar will affect the translation of foreign subsidiaries’ financial results into U.S. dollars for purposes of reporting our consolidated financial results. The process by which we translate each foreign subsidiary’s financial results to U.S. dollars is as follows:
• we translate statement of operations accounts at the exchange rates on the dates those transactions are recognized or the average exchange rates for the relevant monthly period;
• we translate balance sheet asset and liability accounts at the end of period exchange rates; and
• we translate equity accounts at historical exchange rates.
Translation of the balance sheet in this manner affects stockholders’ equity through the foreign currency translation adjustment account. This account exists only in the foreign subsidiary’s U.S. dollar balance sheet and is necessary to keep the foreign balance sheet, stated in U.S. dollars, in balance.
We report translation adjustments within accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheets. Gains or losses from translating amounts in foreign currencies are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Transaction and Re-measurement Risk
We have currency risk resulting from the passage of time between the recognition of revenue, invoicing of customers under contracts, and the collection of payment. If a contract is denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary’s functional currency, we recognize an unbilled services asset at the time of revenue recognition and a receivable at the time of invoicing for the local currency equivalent of the foreign currency invoice amount. Changes in exchange rates from the time we recognize revenue until the time the customer pays will result in our receiving either more or less in local currency than the amount that was originally invoiced. We recognize this difference as a foreign currency transaction gain or loss, as applicable.
We also have currency risk as a result of intercompany loans or other intercompany borrowings throughout our organization when such intercompany debt is denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary’s functional currency. Changes in exchange rates from the time a subsidiary records the intercompany debt until the time the subsidiary pays the intercompany debt will result in a foreign currency transaction gain or loss. We record all foreign currency transaction and re-measurement gains and losses as other income (expense), net on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). We do not have significant operations in countries considered highly inflationary.
Interest Rate Risk
We have borrowings under our Credit Agreement that bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the election of the Borrowers, either (i) the Term SOFR rate, with a floor of 0.00% plus an applicable margin rate of 3.00% for the Term Loans and between 3.50% and 2.75% for loans under the Revolving Facility, depending on the applicable first lien leverage ratio or (ii) an Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”), with a floor of 1.00%, plus an applicable margin rate of 2.00% for the Term Loans or between 2.50% and 1.75% for loans under the Revolving Facility, depending on the applicable first lien leverage ratio. The ABR is determined as the greatest
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of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds effective rate, plus 0.50% and (c) the Term SOFR rate plus 1.00%. Additionally, we are obligated to pay a commitment fee on the unused amount and other customary fees.
In response to the discontinuation of LIBOR, we executed a LIBOR transition amendment in June 2023, formalizing the replacement of LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”). As part of this modification, a Credit Spread Adjustment (“CSA”) was introduced to aligning SOFR with LIBOR in terms of the overall interest rate earned by lenders under the Credit Agreement. The CSA varied depending on the selected interest period.
As of December 31, 2024, we had $298.5 million of outstanding borrowings on the term loan and no outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility.
Each quarter basis point increase in the SOFR rate would increase interest expense on our current variable rate debt by approximately $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our exposure to interest rate risk is minimized by our interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2024, we recorded the fair value of our interest rate swaps in the amount of $2.2 million as a derivative asset included in prepaid expenses and other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
Other Risk
Although we perform services for customers located in a number of jurisdictions, we have not experienced any material difficulties in receiving funds remitted from foreign countries. However, new or modified exchange control restrictions could have an adverse effect on our ability to repatriate cash to fund our operations and make principal and interest payments, when necessary.
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