What changed in this filing

/stocks — the workspaceLOADING

Item 1. Business

2021-03-29 compared with 2020-03-27 · 190 added, 176 removed, 15 unchanged (96% of the section changed)

used in this report, unless otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise, the “Company”

As used in this report,

unless otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise, the “Company”

and terms such as “we,”

2 unchanged sentences

and “AIRI”

refer to Air Industries Group, a Nevada corporation, and its wholly-owned

subsidiaries.

are an aerospace and defense company.

We manufacture and design structural parts and assemblies that focus on flight safety, including

landing gear, arresting gear, engine mounts, flight controls, throttle quadrants, components for jet engines and other components.

Our products are currently deployed on a wide range of high profile military and commercial aircraft including Sikorsky’s

UH-60 Black Hawk, Lockheed Martin’s F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, Northrop Grumman’s E2 Hawkeye, Boeing’s 777,

Airbus’

refer to Air Industries Group, a Nevada corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

We are an aerospace

and defense company.

We manufacture and design structural parts and assemblies that focus on flight safety, including landing gear,

arresting gear, engine mounts, flight controls, throttle quadrants, components for jet engines and other components.

are currently deployed on a wide range of high-profile military and commercial aircraft including Sikorsky’s UH-60 Black

Hawk, Lockheed Martin’s F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, Northrop Grumman’s E2 Hawkeye, Boeing’s 777, Airbus’

380 commercial airliners, the US Navy F-18 and USAF F-16 fighter aircraft.

Our Turbine Engine sector makes components

for jet engines that are used on the USAF F-15, the Airbus A-330 and A-380, and the Boeing 777, in addition to a number of ground

turbine applications.

became a public company in 2005 when our net sales were approximately $30 million.

Air Industries Machining, Corp., our

principal subsidiary, has manufactured components and subassemblies for the defense and commercial aerospace industry for over

50 years and has established long-term relationships with leading defense and aerospace manufacturers

response to recent operating losses and their impact on our working capital, we have repositioned our business through the sale

and liquidation of certain businesses we acquired since becoming a public company.

We also consolidated our headquarters and the

operations of our subsidiaries, Air Industries Machining and Nassau Tool Works, at our corporate campus in Bay Shore, New York,

allowing us to re-focus our operations on our core competencies.

conduct our operations through our wholly-owned subsidiaries:

Our Turbine Engine segment makes components for jet

engines that are used on the USAF F-15, the Airbus A-330 and A-380, and the Boeing 777, in addition to a number of ground turbine

applications.

We conduct our operations

through our wholly-owned subsidiaries:

Air Industries Machining (“AIM”);

Nassau Tool Works

(“NTW”);

and The Sterling Engineering Corporation (“Sterling”).

AIM and NTW comprise our Complex Machining

segment and Sterling represents our Turbine Engine Components segment.

operate primarily in the military and, to a lesser degree, commercial aviation industries.

Defense revenues represent a preponderance

of our sales.

Our principal customers include Sikorsky Aircraft, Goodrich Landing Gear Systems, Northrop Grumman, the United States

Department of Defense, GKN Aerospace, Lockheed, Boeing, Raytheon, Piper Aircraft, M7 Aerospace, Vought Aerospace, Ametek/Hughes-Treitler

products are incorporated into many aircraft platforms, the majority of which remain in production, and of which there are a substantial

number of operating aircraft in fleets maintained by the military and commercial airlines.

We believe that we are the largest

supplier of flight critical parts to Sikorsky’s Black Hawk helicopter.

We have made, or currently make, or have been awarded,

products for Lockheed Martin’s F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, Northrop Grumman’s E2 Hawkeye, Boeing’s 777, Airbus’

380 commercial airliners, and the US Navy F-18 and USAF F-16 fighter aircraft.

Our Turbine Engine Components segment makes components

for jet engines that are used on the USAF F-15, the Airbus A-330 and A-380, and the Boeing 777, in addition to a number of non-military

ground turbine applications.

of our products are “flight critical,”

essential to aircraft performance and safety on takeoff, during flight and

when landing.

These products require advanced certifications as a condition to being a supplier.

For many of our products we are

the sole or one of a limited number of sources of supply.

Many of the parts we supply are subject to wear and tear or fatigue

and are routinely replaced on aircraft on a time in service or flight cycle basis.

Replacement demand for these products

will continue, albeit at perhaps a lower rate, so long as an aircraft remains in service, which is usually many years after production

and Marketing

approach to sales and marketing can be best understood through the concept of customer alignment.

The aerospace industry is dominated

by a small number of large prime contractors and equipment manufacturers.

These customers rely heavily upon subcontractors to

supply quality parts meeting specifications on a timely and cost effective basis.

These customers and other customers we supply

routinely rate their suppliers based on a variety of performance factors.

One of our principal goals is to be highly rated and

thus relied upon by all of our customers.

large prime contractors are increasingly seeking subcontractors who can supply and are qualified to integrate the fabrication

of larger, more complex and more complete subassemblies.

We seek to position ourselves within the supply chain of these contractors

and manufacturers to be selected for subcontracted projects.

Successful positioning requires that we qualify to be a preferred

supplier by achieving and maintaining independent third party quality approval certifications, specific customer quality system

approvals and top supplier ratings through strong performance on existing contracts.

our sales and marketing efforts we let customers know that we have employees with the talent and experience to manage the manufacture

of sections of aircraft structures to be delivered to the final assembly phase of the aircraft manufacturing cycle, and customers

have now engaged us for these services.

contracts are usually obtained through competitive bidding against other qualified subcontractors, while follow-on contracts are

usually retained by successfully performing initial contracts.

Our long term business generally benefits from barriers to entry

resulting from investments, certifications, familiarization with the needs and systems of customers, and manufacturing techniques

developed during the initial manufacturing phase.

Nassau Tool Works (“NTW”);

The Sterling Engineering Corporation (“Sterling”).

AIM and NTW comprise our Complex Machining segment and Sterling

represents our Turbine Engine Components segment.

AIM has manufactured components and subassemblies for the defense and commercial

aerospace industry for over 50 years and has established long-term relationships with leading defense and aerospace manufacturers.

are currently focused on positioning our business to obtain profitability, achieve positive cash flow and we remain resolute on

meeting customers’

We believe that an unyielding focus on our customers will allow us to execute on our existing backlog

in a timely fashion.

As part of our effort to increase our operating efficiencies, we relocated our headquarters to our main campus

in Bay Shore, New York and consolidated the operations of NTW with those of AIM.

2020, in order to take advantage of the long-term growth opportunities we see in our markets, we made significant capital investments

in new equipment.

Additionally, we expanded our operations and manufacturing cells located in our Connecticut facility which houses

the operations of Sterling.

We believe these investments will increase the volume and efficiency of production, increase the size

and diversity of products we can make and allow us to offer additional services to our customers.

We are pleased with the positive

responses received from our customers to date.

We operate primarily

in the military and, to a lesser degree, commercial aviation industries.

Defense revenues represent a preponderance of our sales.

Our principal customers include Sikorsky Aircraft, Goodrich Landing Gear Systems, Northrop Grumman, the United States Department

of Defense, GKN Aerospace, Lockheed, Boeing, Raytheon, Piper Aircraft, M7 Aerospace, Vought Aerospace, Ametek/Hughes-Treitler and

Our products are incorporated

into many aircraft platforms, the majority of which remain in production, and of which there are a substantial number of operating

aircraft in fleets maintained by the military and commercial airlines.

Many of our products are “flight critical,”

essential to aircraft performance and safety on takeoff, during flight and when landing.

These products require advanced certifications

as a condition to being a supplier.

For many of our products we are the sole or one of a limited number of sources of supply.

of the parts we supply are subject to wear and tear or fatigue and are routinely replaced on aircraft on a time in service or flight

Replacement demand for these products will continue, albeit at perhaps a lower rate, so long as an aircraft remains

in service, which is usually many years after production has stopped.

Sales and Marketing

Our approach to sales

and marketing can be best understood through the concept of customer alignment.

The aerospace industry is dominated by a small

number of large prime contractors and equipment manufacturers.

These customers rely heavily upon subcontractors to supply quality

parts meeting specifications on a timely and cost effective basis.

These customers and other customers we supply routinely rate

their suppliers based on a variety of performance factors.

One of our principal goals is to be highly rated and thus relied upon

by all of our customers.

The large prime contractors

are increasingly seeking subcontractors who can supply and are qualified to integrate the fabrication of larger, more complex and

more complete subassemblies.

We seek to position ourselves within the supply chain of these contractors and manufacturers to be

selected for subcontracted projects.

Successful positioning requires that we qualify to be a preferred supplier by achieving and

maintaining independent third party quality approval certifications, specific customer quality system approvals and top supplier

ratings through strong performance on existing contracts.

During our sales and

marketing efforts we let customers know that we have employees with the talent and experience to manage the manufacture of sections

of aircraft structures to be delivered to the final assembly phase of the aircraft manufacturing cycle, and customers have now

engaged us for these services.

Initial contracts are

usually obtained through competitive bidding against other qualified subcontractors, while follow-on contracts are usually retained

by successfully performing initial contracts.

Our long term business generally benefits from barriers to entry resulting from investments,

certifications, familiarization with the needs and systems of customers, and manufacturing techniques developed during the initial

manufacturing phase.

We endeavor to develop each of our relationships to one of a “partnership”

where we participate in the resolution of pre-production design and build issues, and initial contracts are obtained as single

source awards and follow-on pricing is determined through negotiations.

production cycle of products we manufacture can extend from several months to a year or longer.

This gives rise to significant

backlogs as customers must order product with sufficient lead time to ensure timely delivery.

have a number of long-term multi-year purchase agreements or LTA’s with several of our customers.

These agreements specify

part numbers, specifications and prices of the covered products for an agreed upon period, but do not authorize immediate production

and shipment.

Production is authorized periodically by the customer through Purchase Orders or Releases by customers.

“firm backlog”

includes only fully authorized orders received for products to be delivered within the forward 18-month

As of February 29, 2020, our 18-month “firm funded backlog”

where we participate

in the resolution of pre-production design and build issues, and initial contracts are obtained as single source awards and follow-on

pricing is determined through negotiations.

Our ability to interact with our customers was hampered during 2020 as a result of

the cancellation of industry-wide events and the difficulties in scheduling meetings with our customers as many of their personnel

worked from home.

In response, we have adapted our business development efforts to increase our use of social media and online

presentations.

The production cycle

of products we manufacture can extend from several months to a year or longer.

This gives rise to significant backlogs as customers

must order product with sufficient lead time to ensure timely delivery.

We have a number of

long-term multi-year purchase agreements or LTA’s with several of our customers.

These agreements specify part numbers, specifications

and prices of the covered products for an agreed upon period, but do not authorize immediate production and shipment.

is authorized periodically by the customer through Purchase Orders or Releases by customers.

Our “firm backlog”

includes only fully authorized orders received for products to be delivered within the forward 18-month period.

As of December

31, 2020, our 18-month “firm backlog”

was approximately $81.1 million.

a new contract is highly competitive.

We manufacture to customer design specifications, and we compete against companies that

have similar manufacturing capabilities in a global marketplace.

Consequently, the ability to obtain contracts requires providing

quality products at competitive prices.

To accomplish this requires that we strive for continuous improvement in our capabilities

to assure our competitiveness and provide value to our customers.

Our marketing strategy involves developing long-term ongoing

working relationships with customers.

These relationships enable us to develop entry barriers to would-be competitors by establishing

and maintaining advanced quality approvals, certifications and tooling investments that are difficult and expensive to duplicate.

Many of our competitors are well-established subcontractors engaged in the supply of aircraft parts and components to prime military

contractors and commercial aviation manufacturers.

Among our competitors are:

Winning a new contract

is highly competitive.

We manufacture to customer design specifications, and we compete against companies that have similar manufacturing

capabilities in a global marketplace.

Consequently, the ability to obtain contracts requires providing quality products at competitive

To accomplish this requires that we strive for continuous improvement in our capabilities to assure our competitiveness

and provide value to our customers.

Our marketing strategy involves developing long-term ongoing working relationships with customers.

These relationships enable us to develop entry barriers to would-be competitors by establishing and maintaining advanced quality

approvals, certifications and tooling investments that are difficult and expensive to duplicate.

Many of our competitors are larger

enterprises or divisions of significantly larger companies having greater financial, physical and technical resources, and the

capabilities to timelier respond under much larger contracts.

Among our competitors

Monitor Aerospace, a division of Stellex Aerospace;

Hydromil, a division of Triumph Aerospace Group;

Heroux Aerospace and Ellanef Manufacturing, a division of Magellan Corporation.

of our competitors are larger enterprises or divisions of significantly larger companies having greater financial, physical and

technical resources, and the capabilities to timelier respond under much larger contracts.

Materials and Replacement Parts

manufacturing process for certain products, particularly those for which we serve as product integrator, requires significant

purchases of raw materials, hardware and subcontracted details.

As a result, much of our success in profitably meeting customer

demand for these products requires efficient and effective subcontract management.

Price and availability of many raw materials

utilized in the aerospace industry are subject to volatile global markets and political conditions.

Most suppliers of raw materials

are unwilling to commit to long-term contracts at fixed prices.

This is a substantial risk as our strategy often involves long

term fixed price commitments to our customers.

of March 15, 2020, we employed approximately 159 people.

Of these, approximately 53 were in administration, 5 were in sales and

procurement, and 101 were in manufacturing.

Industries Machining is a party to a collective bargaining agreement (the “Agreement”) with the United Service Workers,

IUJAT, Local 355 (the “Union”) with which we believe we maintain good relations.

The Agreement was renewed as of December

31, 2018 and expires on December 31, 2021 and covers all of AIM’s production personnel, of which there are approximately

In light of the continuing consolidation and integration of NTW’s business with AIM, we intend to add more employees

to the Union during 2020.

AIM is required to make a monthly contribution to each of the Union’s United Welfare Fund and

the United Services Worker’s Security Fund.

This is the only pension benefit required by the Agreement and the Company is

not obligated for any future defined benefit to retirees.

The Agreement contains a “no-strike”

clause, whereby, during

the term of the Agreement, the Union will not strike and AIM will not lockout its employees.

of our employees were covered under a co-employment agreement with Trinet, a professional employer organization

(“PEO”) that provides out-sourced human resource services.

As of January 1, 2020, we changed our PEO to Insperity

Services, Inc., who now cover our employees in a similar manner.

Environmental

Heroux Aerospace and

Ellanef Manufacturing, a division of Magellan Corporation.

Raw Materials and Replacement Parts

The manufacturing process

for certain products, particularly those for which we serve as product integrator, requires significant purchases of raw materials,

hardware and subcontracted details.

As a result, much of our success in profitably meeting customer demand for these products requires

efficient and effective subcontract management.

Price and availability of many raw materials utilized in the aerospace industry

are subject to volatile global markets and political conditions.

Most suppliers of raw materials are unwilling to commit to long-term

contracts at fixed prices.

This is a substantial risk as our strategy often involves long term fixed price commitments to our customers.

As of March 15, 2021,

we employed approximately 151 people.

Of these, approximately 52 were in administration, 6 were in sales and procurement, and 93

were in manufacturing.

AIM is a party to a

collective bargaining agreement (the “Agreement”) with the United Service Workers, IUJAT, Local 355 (the “Union”)

with which we believe we maintain good relations.

The Agreement was renewed as of December 31, 2018 and expires on December 31,

2021 and covers all of AIM’s production personnel, approximately 93 individuals.

AIM is required to make a monthly contribution

to each of the Union’s United Welfare Fund and the United Services Worker’s Security Fund.

This is the only pension

benefit required by the Agreement and the Company is not obligated for any future defined benefit to retirees.

The Agreement contains

a “no-strike”

clause, whereby, during the term of the Agreement, the Union will not strike and AIM will not lockout

its employees.

All of our employees

are covered under a co-employment agreement with Insperity Services, Inc., a professional employer organization (“PEO”)

that provides out-sourced human resource services.

Environmental Regulation;

Employee Safety

are subject to regulations administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety and Health

Administration, various state agencies and county and local authorities acting in cooperation with federal and state authorities.

Among other things, these regulatory bodies impose restrictions that require us to control air, soil and water pollution, to protect

against occupational exposure to chemicals, including health and safety risks, and to require notification or reporting of the

storage, use and release of certain hazardous chemicals and substances.

The extensive regulatory framework imposes compliance

burdens and financial and operating risks on us.

Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these regulations

and to obtain injunctions or impose civil and criminal fines in the case of violations.

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”) imposes strict, joint and

several liabilities on the present and former owners and operators of facilities that release hazardous substances into the environment.

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (“RCRA”) regulates the generation, transportation, treatment, storage

and disposal of hazardous waste.

New York and Connecticut, the states where our production facilities are located, also have stringent

laws and regulations governing the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, counterparts of CERCLA and RCRA.

addition, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which requires employers to provide a place of employment that is free from

recognized and preventable hazards that are likely to cause serious physical harm to employees, obligates employers to provide

notice to employees regarding the presence of hazardous chemicals and to train employees in the use of such substances.

Aviation Administration

are subject to regulation by the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) under the provisions of the Federal Aviation

Act of 1958, as amended.

We are subject to regulations

administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, various state

agencies and county and local authorities acting in cooperation with federal and state authorities.

Among other things, these regulatory

bodies impose restrictions that require us to control air, soil and water pollution, to protect against occupational exposure to

chemicals, including health and safety risks, and to require notification or reporting of the storage, use and release of certain

hazardous chemicals and substances.

The extensive regulatory framework imposes compliance burdens and financial and operating risks

Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these regulations and to obtain injunctions or impose

civil and criminal fines in the case of violations.

The Comprehensive Environmental

Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”) imposes strict, joint and several liabilities on the present

and former owners and operators of facilities that release hazardous substances into the environment.

The Resource Conservation

and Recovery Act of 1976 (“RCRA”) regulates the generation, transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous

New York and Connecticut, the states where our production facilities are located, also have stringent laws and regulations

governing the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, counterparts of CERCLA and RCRA.

In addition, the Occupational

Safety and Health Act, which requires employers to provide a place of employment that is free from recognized and preventable hazards

that are likely to cause serious physical harm to employees, obligates employers to provide notice to employees regarding the presence

of hazardous chemicals and to train employees in the use of such substances.

Federal Aviation Administration

We are subject to regulation

by the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) under the provisions of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended.

The FAA prescribes standards and licensing requirements for aircraft and aircraft components.

subject to inspections by the FAA and may be subjected to fines and other penalties (including orders to cease production) for

noncompliance with FAA regulations.

Our failure to comply with applicable regulations could result in the termination of or our

disqualification from some of our contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

We have never been

subject to such fines or disqualifications.

Contract Compliance

government contracts and those of many of our customers are subject to the procurement rules and regulations of the United States

government, including the Federal Acquisition Regulations.

We are subject to inspections by

the FAA and may be subjected to fines and other penalties (including orders to cease production) for noncompliance with FAA regulations.

Our failure to comply with applicable regulations could result in the termination of or our disqualification from some of our contracts,

which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

We have never been subject to such fines or disqualifications.

Government Contract Compliance

Our government contracts

and those of many of our customers are subject to the procurement rules and regulations of the United States government, including

the Federal Acquisition Regulations.

Many of the contract terms are dictated by these rules and regulations.

During and after the fulfillment of a government contract, we may be audited in respect of the direct and allocated indirect costs

attributed to the project.

During and after the

fulfillment of a government contract, we may be audited in respect of the direct and allocated indirect costs attributed to the

These audits may result in adjustments to our contract costs.

Additionally, we may be subject to U.S.

government inquiries and investigations because of our participation in government procurement.

Any inquiry or investigation can

result in fines or limitations on our ability to continue to bid for government contracts and fulfill existing contracts.

believe that we are in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations governing our operations and have obtained

all material licenses and permits required for the operation of our business.

government inquiries

and investigations because of our participation in government procurement.

Any inquiry or investigation can result in fines or

limitations on our ability to continue to bid for government contracts and fulfill existing contracts.

We believe that we

are in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations governing our operations and have obtained all material

licenses and permits required for the operation of our business.

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 1. Business