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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis

2024-08-01 compared with 2024-05-02 · 209 added, 171 removed, 452 unchanged (46% of the section changed)

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) represents an overview of the results of operations and financial condition of Wesbanco for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) represents an overview of the results of operations and financial condition of Wesbanco for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

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Forward-looking statements in this report relating to Wesbanco’s plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions and adequacy of resources, are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

The information contained in this report should be read in conjunction with Wesbanco’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and documents subsequently filed by Wesbanco with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which are available at the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov or at Wesbanco’s website, www.wesbanco.com.

Investors are cautioned that forward-looking statements, which are not historical fact, involve risks and uncertainties, including those detailed in Wesbanco’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A.

The information contained in this report should be read in conjunction with Wesbanco’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and documents subsequently filed by Wesbanco with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) including Wesbanco's Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2024, which are available at the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov or at Wesbanco’s website, www.wesbanco.com.

Such statements are subject to important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such statements, including, without limitation, that the proposed merger with Premier Financial Corporation (“Premier”) may not close when expected, that the businesses of WesBanco and Premier may not be integrated successfully or such integration may take longer to accomplish than expected;

the expected cost savings and any revenue synergies from the merger of WesBanco and Premier may not be fully realized within the expected timeframes;

disruption from the proposed merger of WesBanco and Premier may make it more difficult to maintain relationships with clients, associates, or suppliers;

the required governmental approvals of the proposed Merger may not be obtained on the expected terms and schedule;

Premier’s shareholders and/or the Company’s shareholders may not approve the proposed Merger;

the shareholders of the Company may not approve the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with the Merger;

the effects of changing regional and national economic conditions;

changes in interest rates, spreads on earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and associated interest rate sensitivity;

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Loan levels are also subject to various factors including construction demand, business financing needs, consumer spending and interest rates, as well as loan terms offered by competing lenders.

PENDING ACQUISITION

On July 25, 2024, Wesbanco, Inc., Wesbanco Bank, Inc., Premier Financial Corp.

(“Premier Financial”) and Premier Bank entered into a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) providing for, among other things, the merger of Premier Financial with and into Wesbanco, Inc.

(the “Merger”) upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement.

For additional information regarding the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, see Note 13, “Subsequent Events” for more information.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Wesbanco’s critical accounting policies involving the significant judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2024 have remained unchanged from the disclosures presented in Wesbanco’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 within the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Wesbanco’s critical accounting policies involving the significant judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 2024 have remained unchanged from the disclosures presented in Wesbanco’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 within the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

EARNINGS SUMMARY

Net income available to common shareholders for the first quarter of 2024 was $33.2 million, with diluted earnings per share of $0.56, compared to $39.8 million or $0.67 per diluted share, for the first quarter of 2023.

As noted in the following table, net income available to common shareholders, excluding after-tax restructuring and merger-related expenses, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was $33.2 million or $0.56 per diluted share, as compared to $42.3 million or $0.71 per diluted share in the prior year's first quarter (non-GAAP measures).

For the Three Months Ended March 31,

Net income available to common shareholders for the second quarter of 2024 was $26.4 million, with diluted earnings per share of $0.44, compared to $42.3 million or $0.71 per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, net income available to common shareholders was $59.5 million, with diluted earnings per share of $1.00, compared to $82.2 million or $1.38 per diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

As noted in the following table, net income available to common shareholders, excluding after-tax restructuring and merger-related expenses, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was $62.5 million or $1.05 per diluted share, as compared to $84.7 million or $1.43 per diluted share in the prior year's second quarter (non-GAAP measures).

For the Three Months Ended June 30,

For the Six Months Ended June 30,

(unaudited, dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

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The above non-GAAP financial measures used by Wesbanco provide information useful to investors in understanding Wesbanco’s operating performance and trends, and facilitate comparisons with the performance of Wesbanco’s peers.

Net interest income decreased $10.4 million or 8.3% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same quarter of 2023, due to increasing deposit costs and the associated remix from non-interest bearing deposits into higher tier money market and certificate of deposit accounts, which, in turn, resulted in a 44 basis point decrease in the net interest margin over the same period.

The increase in funding costs has been partially offset by higher yields in all earning asset categories, due to the repricing of existing loans and higher investment rates offered in the current market environment.

Net interest income decreased $5.0 million or 4.1% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the same quarter of 2023, due to increasing deposit costs and the associated remix from non-interest bearing deposits into higher tier money market and certificate of deposit accounts, which, in turn, resulted in a 23 basis point decrease in the net interest margin over the same period.

The increase in funding costs has been partially offset by higher yields in all major earning asset categories, due to the repricing of existing loans and higher investment rates offered in the current market environment.

Over the same time period, the yield on earning assets increased by a total of 52 basis points while the cost of interest bearing liabilities increased by 97 basis points from increasing deposit costs and higher cost wholesale borrowings.

Average loan balances increased by 9.4% from the first quarter of 2023, mainly attributable to commercial loan demand, while average securities decreased by 10.1% over the same time period as investment maturities and calls were used to partially fund the loan growth.

Average loan balances increased by 9.5% from the second quarter of 2023, mainly attributable to commercial loan demand, while average securities decreased by 9.2% over the same time period as investment maturities and calls were used to partially fund the loan growth.

Average deposits increased 4.7% over the same time period as a result of deposit gathering and retention efforts by the retail and commercial teams.

Accretion from prior acquisitions benefited the first quarter 2024 net interest margin by three basis points, as compared to four basis points in the prior year period.

Loan growth, adjustments in regional macroeconomic factors and loan concentrations as well as an increase in net charge-offs resulted in a provision for credit losses of $4.0 million in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to a provision of $3.6 million in the first quarter of 2023.

Annualized net loan charge-offs, as a percentage of average portfolio loans, were 0.20% and 0.07% for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The net charge-offs in the first quarter of 2024 primarily reflect loans from a single borrower relationship totaling $4.8 million.

For the first quarter of 2024, non-interest income increased $3.0 million, or 10.8% compared to the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to increases in net swap fee and valuation income, service charges on deposits and trust fees.

The net swap fee and valuation income of $1.6 million in the first quarter of 2024 reflects $0.8 million of new swap fees and net fair value adjustments of $0.8 million, as compared to $1.8 million and negative $1.0 million, respectively, in the prior year first quarter.

Service charges on deposits increased $0.6 million from the first quarter of 2023, reflecting fee income from new products and services and increased general consumer spending.

Trust fees, which are seasonally higher during the first quarter, increased $0.6 million in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023 due to an 11.4% increase in trust assets, driven by both market value adjustments and organic growth.

Non-interest expense, excluding restructuring and merger-related expenses, increased in the first quarter of 2024 by $4.2 million, or 4.5%, to $97.2 million, compared to the first quarter of 2023, reflecting increased salaries and wages, equipment and software expense and other operating expenses.

Salaries and wages increased $1.0 million, or 2.5%, from the first quarter of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024 due to higher salary expense relating to new revenue-producing hires, mostly commercial lenders, and annual merit increases, which were offset somewhat by cost savings resulting from a reduction in full-time equivalent employees.

Equipment and software expense increased $0.9 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the prior year first quarter due to the planned upgrade of our ATM fleet with newer technology and general inflationary cost increases for existing service agreements.

Other operating expenses increased $2.2 million in the first quarter of 2024 from the first quarter of 2023 primarily due to higher costs and fees in support of loan growth and higher miscellaneous taxes and expenses.

For the first three months of 2024, the effective tax rate was 17.7% as compared to 19.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and the provision for income taxes decreased by $2.2 million over the same time period.

Both of these decreases are due to the decrease in pre-tax income over the same period.

Accretion from prior acquisitions benefited the second quarter 2024 net interest margin by two basis points, as compared to three basis points in the prior year period.

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, net interest income decreased $15.3 million or 6.2% from the first six months of 2023 for similar reasons.

Loan growth, higher unemployment assumptions and a specific reserve for an individual C&I loan resulted in a provision for credit losses of $10.5 million in the second quarter of 2024, as compared to a provision of $3.0 million in the second quarter of 2023.

Annualized net loan charge-offs, as a percentage of average portfolio loans, were 0.07% and 0.02% for the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

For the second quarter of 2024, non-interest income decreased $0.5 million, or 1.5% compared to the second quarter of 2023, primarily due to decreases in net swap fee and valuation income, bank-owned life insurance and net gains on other real estate owned and other assets.

The net swap fee and valuation income of $1.8 million in the second quarter of 2024 reflected $1.8 million of new swap fees and immaterial net fair value adjustments, as compared to $2.4 million in fees and $0.2 million in fair value adjustments, in the prior year second quarter.

Net gains on other real estate owned and other assets decreased by $0.8 million compared to the second quarter of 2023 due to a $1.1 million refund received in the prior year quarter on an asset previously written off.

Bank-owned life insurance income decreased from the second quarter of 2023 due to a reduction in mortality-related benefits received in the second quarter of 2024.

Offsetting these decreases somewhat are increases in trust fees, service charges on deposits and mortgage banking income.

Non-interest expense, excluding restructuring and merger-related expenses, increased in the second quarter of 2024 by $2.2 million, or 2.3%, to $98.6 million, compared to the second quarter of 2023, reflecting increased equipment and software expense, FDIC insurance expense and other operating expenses.

Equipment and software expense increased $1.6 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the prior year second quarter reflecting the impact of prior year ATM upgrades, which were phased in throughout the prior year.

FDIC insurance expense increased in the second quarter of 2024 by $0.7 million due to an increase in the minimum rate for all banks.

Other operating expenses increased $1.8 million in the second quarter of 2024 from the second quarter of 2023 primarily due to higher costs and fees in support of loan growth and higher other miscellaneous expenses.

Offsetting these increases somewhat are decreases in salaries and wages and employee benefits expense, primarily due to lower staffing levels as a result of efficiency improvements in the mortgage and branch staffing models.

For the first half of 2024, the effective tax rate was 17.6% as compared to 17.9% for the first half of 2023, and the provision for income taxes decreased by $5.2 million over the same time period.

The decrease in the provision for income taxes is due to the decrease in pre-tax income over the same period.

NET INTEREST INCOME

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For the Three Months

Ended March 31,

Ended June 30,

For the Six Months

Ended June 30,

(unaudited, dollars in thousands)

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Net interest income is affected by the general level of, and changes in interest rates, the steepness and shape of the yield curve, changes in the amount and composition of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, as well as the frequency of repricing of existing assets and liabilities.

Net interest income decreased $10.4 million or 8.3% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023.

This decrease was due to a 44 basis point decrease year over year in the net interest margin to 2.92% for the first quarter of 2024.

The decrease in margin is due to higher funding costs from increasing deposit costs and associated remix from non-interest bearing deposits into higher tier money market and certificate of deposit accounts.

Portfolio loans increased by 9.0% from March 31, 2023, due to strong new loan growth and strategic loan production office and lender hiring initiatives.

Total purchase accounting accretion continued to decrease in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023, as approximately three basis points of accretion from prior acquisitions was included in the first quarter 2024 net interest margin as compared to four basis points in the 2023 first quarter net interest margin.

Total average deposits, excluding CDs, remained relatively flat compared to the first quarter of 2023.

The cost of interest bearing deposits increased by 156 basis points and the cost of total interest bearing liabilities increased by 146 basis points from the first quarter of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024.

Net interest income decreased $5.0 million or 4.1% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023 and $15.3 million or 6.2% in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the same period of 2023.

This decrease was due to a 23 basis point decrease year over year in the net interest margin to 2.95% for the second quarter of 2024.

The decrease in margin is due to higher funding costs and the associated remix from non-interest bearing deposits into higher tier money market and certificate of deposit accounts.

Offsetting the net interest margin decrease somewhat, average portfolio loans increased by 9.5% in the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2023, due to strong new loan growth and strategic loan production office and lender hiring initiatives.

Total purchase accounting accretion continued to decrease in the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2023, as approximately two basis points of accretion from prior acquisitions was included in the second quarter 2024 net interest margin as compared to three basis points in the 2023 second quarter net interest margin.

Total average deposits increased by $601.8 million or 4.7% in the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2023.

The cost of interest bearing deposits increased by 117 basis points and the cost of total interest bearing liabilities increased by 97 basis points from the second quarter of 2023 to the second quarter of 2024.

The increase in the cost is primarily due to rate increases for interest bearing deposits in response to the general increase in overall deposit rates in the marketplace.

Interest income increased $34.8 million or 21.7% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

Average loan balances increased $1.0 billion or 9.4% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023, while loan yields increased by 68 basis points during this same period to 5.71% due to the previously mentioned rising rate environment and its effect on the repricing of portfolio loans, as well as higher offered rates on new loans.

Interest income increased $26.9 million or 15.3% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 and $61.7 million or 18.3% in the first six months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

Average loan balances increased $1.0 billion or 9.5% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023, while loan yields increased by 54 basis points during this same period to 5.85% due to the previously mentioned rising rate environment and its effect on the repricing of portfolio loans, as well as higher offered rates on new loans.

Loans provide the greatest impact on interest income and the yield on earning assets as they have the largest balance and the highest yield within major earning asset categories.

In the first quarter of 2024, average loans represented 74.0% of average earning assets, an increase from 70.8% in the first quarter of 2023.

Average total securities balances decreased $414.2 million or 10.1% from the first quarter of 2023, and represented 23.2% of total earning assets in the first quarter of 2024.

Taxable securities yields, which have remained relatively flat, increased by five basis points in the first quarter of 2024 from the first quarter of 2023.

Tax-exempt securities yields, which are the highest yields within total securities, remained flat from the first quarter of 2023.

Interest expense increased $45.1 million in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, due to the timing of the previously mentioned federal funds rate increases and their effect on the costs of deposits and borrowings.

The cost of interest bearing liabilities increased by 146 basis points from the first quarter of 2023 to 2.98% in the first quarter of 2024.

Average interest bearing deposits increased $1.1 billion or 12.8% from the first quarter of 2023.

The rate on interest bearing deposits increased 156 basis points to 2.56% from the first quarter of 2023, primarily from increases in rates on interest bearing public funds, money market funds and savings deposits, and a mix shift from non-interest bearing demand deposits into interest bearing demand deposits and certificates of deposit.

Average non-interest bearing demand deposit balances decreased from the first quarter of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024 by $681.2 million or 14.9%, and were 29.4% of total average deposits at March 31, 2024, compared to 35.6% at March 31, 2023, reflecting customers' preferences in the previously mentioned interest rate environment.

For the first quarter of 2024, Wesbanco's average loans to average deposits ratio was 88.7%, reflecting additional capacity to lend.

The average balance of FHLB borrowings increased $273.4 million from the first quarter of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024, due to increased loan funding demand and for liquidity purposes.

Average repurchase agreements decreased $38.6 million or 29.4% from the first quarter of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024, while average subordinated and junior subordinated debt balances decreased $2.4 million or 0.8%.

In the second quarter of 2024, average loans represented 75.0% of average earning assets, an increase from 71.1% in the second quarter of 2023.

Average total securities balances decreased $368.6 million or 9.2% from the second quarter of 2023, and represented 22.5% of total earning assets in the second quarter of 2024.

Taxable securities yields increased by six basis points in the second quarter of 2024 from the second quarter of 2023.

Tax-exempt securities yields, which are the highest yields within total securities, increased three basis points from the second quarter of 2023.

Interest expense increased $31.9 million in the second quarter of 2024 and $77.1 million in the first half of 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023, due to the timing of the prior year federal funds rate increases and their effect on the costs of deposits and borrowings.

The cost of interest bearing liabilities increased by 97 basis points from the second quarter of 2023 to 3.12% in the second quarter of 2024.

Average interest bearing deposits increased $1.1 billion or 12.5% from the second quarter of 2023.

The rate on interest bearing deposits increased 117 basis points to 2.74% from the second quarter of 2023, primarily from increases in rates on interest bearing public funds, money market funds and savings deposits, and a mix shift from non-interest bearing demand deposits into interest bearing demand deposits and certificates of deposit.

Average non-interest bearing demand deposit balances decreased from the second quarter of 2023 to the second quarter of 2024 by $460.7 million or 10.5%, and were 29.1% of total average deposits at June 30, 2024, compared to 34.0% at June 30, 2023, reflecting customers' preferences in the previously mentioned interest rate environment.

For the second quarter of 2024, Wesbanco's average loans to average deposits ratio was 89.4%, reflecting additional capacity to lend.

The average balance of FHLB borrowings decreased $101.7 million from the second quarter of 2023 to the second quarter of 2024.

The average balance of repurchase agreements and subordinated and junior subordinated debt balances remain virtually unchanged from the second quarter of 2023 to the second quarter of 2024.

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND NET INTEREST MARGIN ANALYSIS

For the Three Months Ended March 31,

For The Three Months Ended June 30,

For the Six Months Ended June 30,

(unaudited, dollars in thousands)

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Includes non-accrual and loans held for sale.

Loan fees included in interest income on loans were $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Additionally, loan accretion included in interest income on loans acquired from prior acquisitions was $0.8 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Loan fees included in interest income on loans were $0.9 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and were $1.2 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Additionally, loan accretion included in interest income on loans acquired from prior acquisitions was $0.8 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.5 million and $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2) Average yields on available-for-sale debt securities are calculated based on amortized cost.

(3) Taxable equivalent basis is calculated on tax-exempt securities using a federal statutory tax rate of 21% for each period presented.

(4) Accretion on interest bearing liabilities acquired from prior acquisitions was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(4) Accretion on interest bearing liabilities acquired from prior acquisitions was $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

RATE/VOLUME ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST INCOME AND INTEREST EXPENSE

For the Three Months

Ended March 31, 2024

Compared to March 31, 2023

Ended June 30, 2024

For the Six Months

Ended June 30, 2024

Compared to June 30, 2023

(unaudited, in thousands)

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PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES – LOANS AND LOAN COMMITMENTS

The provision for credit losses – loans is the amount to be added to the allowance for credit losses – loans after net (charge-offs) recoveries have been (deducted) added to bring the allowance to a level considered appropriate to absorb lifetime expected losses for all portfolio loans.

The provision for credit losses – loans is the amount to be added to the allowance for credit losses – loans after net charge-offs have been deducted to bring the allowance to a level considered appropriate to absorb lifetime expected losses for all portfolio loans.

The provision for credit losses – loan commitments is the amount to be added to the allowance for credit losses for loan commitments to bring that allowance to a level considered appropriate to absorb lifetime expected losses on unfunded loan commitments.

The provision for credit losses - loans and loan commitments increased to $4.0 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to a provision of $3.6 million in the first quarter of 2023.

While the provision increased year-over-year, the $4.0 million provision in the first quarter of 2024 was a result of continued loan growth and adjustments in regional macroeconomic factors and loan concentrations as well as an increase in net charge-offs.

The increase was offset somewhat by changes in the portfolio mix and a reduction in the office portfolio qualitative factor.

Non-performing loans were 0.28% of total portfolio loans as of March 31, 2024, decreasing from 0.36% of total portfolio loans at the end of the first quarter of 2023.

Criticized and classified loans were 2.30% of total portfolio loans as of March 31, 2024, increasing from 1.60% as of March 31, 2023, due to downgrades within the portfolio.

Past due loans at March 31, 2024 were 0.20% of total portfolio loans, compared to 0.16% at March 31, 2023.

Annualized net loan charge-offs were 0.20% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 0.07% for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The provision for credit losses - loans and loan commitments increased to $10.5 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared to a provision of $3.0 million in the second quarter of 2023.

The $10.5 million provision in the second quarter of 2024 was a result of continued loan growth and adjustments in regional macroeconomic factors and loan concentrations as well as a specific reserve on one C&I credit and an increase in net charge-offs.

The increase was partially offset by a reduction in the criticized & classified qualitative factor.

Non-performing loans were 0.29% of total portfolio loans as of June 30, 2024, increasing from 0.28% of total portfolio loans at the end of the second quarter of 2023.

Criticized and classified loans were 2.15% of total portfolio loans as of June 30, 2024, increasing from 1.68% as of June 30, 2023, due to downgrades within the loan portfolio.

Past due loans at June 30, 2024 were 0.24% of total portfolio loans, compared to 0.21% at June 30, 2023.

Annualized net loan charge-offs were 0.14% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 0.05% for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Please see the Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans and Loan Commitments section of this MD&A for additional discussion.

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For the Three Months

Ended March 31,

Ended June 30,

For the Six Months

Ended June 30,

(unaudited, dollars in thousands)

10 unchanged sentences

Total non-interest income

Non-interest income is a significant source of revenue and an important part of Wesbanco’s results of operations, as it represents 21.2% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Wesbanco offers its customers a wide range of retail, commercial, investment and electronic banking services, which are viewed as a vital component of Wesbanco’s ability to attract and maintain customers, as well as providing additional fee income beyond normal spread-related income to Wesbanco.

For the first quarter of 2024, non-interest income increased $3.0 million or 10.8% compared to the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to a $0.8 million increase in net swap fee and valuation income, a $0.6 million increase in service charges on deposits, and a $0.6 million increase in trust fees.

Trust fees increased $0.6 million or 7.8% compared to the first quarter of 2023, due to an increase in trust assets driven by market value adjustments and organic growth.

Total trust assets were $5.6 billion at March 31, 2024 as compared to $5.0 billion at March 31, 2023.

As of March 31, 2024, trust assets include managed assets of $4.5 billion and non-managed (custodial) assets of $1.1 billion.

Assets managed for the WesMark Funds, a proprietary group of mutual funds that is advised by Wesbanco Trust and Investment Services, were $0.9 billion and $0.8 billion as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, and are included in managed assets.

Service charges on deposits increased $0.6 million or 10.0% to $6.8 million in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023.

This was due to fee income from new products and services, an increase in treasury management fees and higher general consumer spending.

Net swap fee and valuation income, which includes fair value adjustments, increased $0.8 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023, due to increased fair value adjustments in the swap portfolio on 2024 as compared to 2023, while swap fee income and new swaps originated were lower compared to the first three months of 2023.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, new swaps executed totaled $36.6 million in notional principal, resulting in $0.8 million of fee income, compared to new swaps executed of $162.6 million in notional principal resulting in $1.8 million of fee income for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Fair value adjustments on existing swaps for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were a positive $0.8 million as compared to a negative $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Net securities gains include both gains and losses on investment security transactions as well as market value adjustments on Wesbanco's deferred compensation plan.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net securities gains increased $0.4 million compared to the same period of 2023, due primarily to a $0.3 million increase in market adjustments on the deferred compensation plan in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023.

These market adjustments had an offsetting effect in employee benefits expense.

Mortgage banking income increased $0.3 million or 62.7% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023, due to a slightly higher volume of sold loans and higher margins on sales.

For the first quarter of 2024, total mortgage production was $106.3 million, which decreased by 34.3% from the first quarter of 2023.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, $48.4 million in mortgages were sold into the secondary market as compared to $39.9 million in the comparable 2023 period.

Included in mortgage banking income above are losses of $0.1 million and gains of $28 thousand from the fair value adjustments on mortgage loan commitments and related derivatives for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Non-interest income is a significant source of revenue and an important part of Wesbanco’s results of operations, as it represents 21.2% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Wesbanco offers its customers a wide range of retail, commercial, investment and digital banking services, which are viewed as a vital component of Wesbanco’s ability to attract and maintain customers, as well as providing additional fee income beyond normal spread-related income to Wesbanco.

For the second quarter of 2024, non-interest income decreased $0.5 million or 1.5% compared to the second quarter of 2023, primarily due to a $0.9 million decrease in net gain on other real estate owned and other assets, a $0.8 million decrease in net swap fee and valuation income and a $0.4 million decrease in bank-owned life insurance.

These decreases were partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in service charges on deposits, a $0.5 million increase in mortgage banking income and a $0.4 million increase in trust fees.

Trust fees increased $0.4 million or 5.6% compared to the second quarter of 2023, due to an increase in the market value of trust assets.

Total trust assets were $5.6 billion at June 30, 2024 as compared to $5.1 billion at June 30, 2023.

As of June 30, 2024, trust assets include managed assets of $4.6 billion and non-managed (custodial) assets of $1.0 billion.

Assets managed for the WesMark Funds, a proprietary group of mutual funds that is advised by Wesbanco Trust and Investment Services, were $0.9 billion and $0.8 billion as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively, and are included in managed assets.

Trust fees increased $1.0 million or 6.8% in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the first six months of 2023 for similar reasons.

Service charges on deposits increased $0.9 million or 14.1% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023, due to an increase in transactional fee income and treasury management fee income.

Service charges on deposits increased $1.5 million or 12.0% in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 for similar reasons.

Net swap fee and valuation income, which includes fair value adjustments, decreased $0.8 million or 32.0% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023, due to a decrease in swap fee income and fair value adjustments on existing swaps.

For the three months ended June 30, 2024, new swaps executed totaled $222.7 million in notional principal, resulting in $1.8 million of fee income, compared to new swaps executed of $226.8 million in notional principal resulting in $2.4 million of fee income for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Fair value adjustments on existing swaps for the three months ended June 30, 2024 were immaterial as compared to $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

For the first six months of 2024, net swap fee and valuation income decreased by $0.1 million or 2.1% from the first six months of 2023.

During this time period, new swap fee income decreased by $1.7 million, but was mostly offset by a $1.6 million increase in fair value adjustments on existing swaps.

Bank-owned life insurance decreased $0.4 million or 12.5% in the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2023 due to a decrease in mortality-related benefits received.

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, bank-owned life insurance decreased by $0.3 million or 5.6% from the first six months of 2023, due to lower mortality-related benefits received in the year-to-date period, as no mortality-related benefits were received in the first quarter of 2024.

Net gain on other real estate owned and other assets decreased $0.9 million or 96.1% in the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, due primarily to a recovery of an asset in the second quarter of 2023 that was previously written-off.

Net gain on other real estate owned and other assets also decreased $0.9 million or 83.0% in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 for similar reasons.

Mortgage banking income increased $0.5 million or 77.9% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023, due to an increase in sale margins, partially offset by a decrease in fair value adjustments on mortgage derivatives.

For the second quarter of 2024, total mortgage production was $185.1 million, which decreased by 10.9% from the second quarter of 2023.

For the three months ended June 30, 2024, $92.1 million in mortgages were sold into the secondary market as compared to $100.7 million in the comparable 2023 period.

Included in mortgage banking income above are a loss of $5 thousand and a gain of $78 thousand from the fair value adjustments on mortgage loan commitments and related derivatives for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Mortgage banking income increased by $0.7 million or 71.6% from the first six months of 2023 to the first six months of 2024 for similar reasons.

NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

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For the Three Months

Ended March 31,

Ended June 30,

For the Six Months

Ended June 30,

(unaudited, dollars in thousands)

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Total non-interest expense

Non-interest expense in the first quarter of 2024 increased $1.1 million or 1.1% as compared to the same quarter in 2023, primarily from a $1.0 million increase in salaries and wages, a $0.9 million increase in equipment and software, a $1.8 million increase in professional fees, and other smaller increases in other expense line items.

This is partially offset by a $3.2 million decrease in restructuring and merger-related expenses.

Excluding restructuring and merger-related expenses, non-interest expense increased $4.2 million or 4.5% from the first quarter of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024.

Salaries and wages increased $1.0 million or 2.5% in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023 due to normal annual merit increases and new revenue-producing hires, mainly commercial lenders, and was partially offset by efficiency improvements in the mortgage and branch staffing models.

These improvements led to a decrease in the full time equivalent employee count from the first quarter of 2023.

Salaries and wages increases were also slightly offset by a reduction in residential lending commissions and bonus expense in the first quarter of 2024.

Equipment and software costs increased $0.9 million or 10.4% in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023, due primarily to general inflationary cost increases for existing service agreements as well as the planned upgrade of Wesbanco's ATM fleet with newer technology.

Professional fees increased $1.8 million or 57.8% from the first quarter of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024, due particularly to increases in loan origination fees, audit fees, consulting fees and legal fees.

There were no restructuring and merger-related expenses in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to $3.2 million in the first quarter of 2023.

These expenses in 2023 consisted of fixed asset writedowns and lease termination expenses associated with the closure of branches and back-office buildings as a result of the continued execution of the branch optimization strategy.

The provision for income taxes was $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is a $2.2 million decrease compared to the provision for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The decrease in the provision for income taxes is due to a decrease in pre-tax income from the prior year period resulting in a decrease in the effective tax rate from 19.0% in the first three months of 2023 to 17.7% in the first three months of 2024.

NM = Not Meaningful

Non-interest expense in the second quarter of 2024 increased $6.0 million or 6.2% as compared to the same quarter in 2023, principally from a $3.7 million increase in restructuring and merger-related expenses, a $1.6 million increase in equipment and software expense, and a $1.5 million increase in supplies, postage and other operating expense.

These increases were partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease in employee benefits and a $0.5 million decrease in salaries and wages.

Salaries and wages decreased $0.5 million or 1.1% in the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2023 due to lower staffing levels associated with efficiency improvements in the mortgage and branch staffing models, partially offset by normal compensation merit adjustments.

Average full time equivalent employees decreased by 6.8% from the second quarter of 2024 to the second quarter of 2023 as a result of these improvements.

Salaries and wages increased $0.6 million or 0.7% in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the first six months of 2023 due to higher stock compensation expense as well as a reduction in deferred loan contra costs.

Employee benefits expense decreased by $0.9 million or 8.1% in the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2023.

This decrease was primarily due to a $0.8 million decrease in health insurance contributions driven by lower staffing levels.

Similarly, employee benefits expense decreased $0.8 million or 3.4% in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the first six months of 2023.

Similarly, equipment and software costs increased $2.6 million or 14.4% in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the first six months of 2023.

Restructuring and merger-related expenses increased $3.7 million in the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2023, due to fixed asset write-downs and lease termination expenses associated with the planned closure of additional branches and back-office buildings from the continuation of the branch optimization strategy.

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, restructuring and merger-related expenses increased $0.6 million from the same period in 2023 as similar write-downs and termination expenses occurred in the first quarter of 2023.

Postage, supplies and other operating expense increased by $1.5 million or 21.1% in the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2023 primarily due to higher costs and fees in support of loan growth and other miscellaneous expenses, including Reg-E writeoffs.

Similarly, postage, supplies and other expense increased $1.8 million or 13.3% in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023.

The provision for income taxes was $6.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, which is a $3.0 million decrease compared to the provision for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

The decrease in the provision for income taxes is due to an $18.9 million decrease in pre-tax income over the same time period.

The provision for income taxes was $13.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which is a $5.2 million decrease compared to the provision for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as pre-tax income decreased by $27.8 million over the same time period.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets increased 0.3%, while shareholders' equity increased 0.2% at March 31, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023.

Total securities decreased $83.8 million or 2.5% from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024, as investment runoff was used to fund loan growth.

Total portfolio loans were $11.9 billion, which increased $1.0 billion or 9.0% year over year driven by strong performance from our commercial and residential lending teams.

Total assets increased 2.3%, while shareholders' equity increased 0.4% at June 30, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023.

Total securities decreased $111.2 million or 3.3% from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024, as investment runoff was used to fund loan growth.

Total portfolio loans were $12.3 billion, which increased $619.1 million or 5.3% since December 31, 2023 driven by strong performance from our commercial and residential lending teams.

Deposits increased $263.7 million, or 2.0% from December 31, 2023, reflecting the benefit of deposit gathering and retention efforts by our retail and commercial teams.

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Deposits were also somewhat impacted by bonus and royalty payments for Marcellus and Utica shale gas payments from energy companies in Wesbanco’s southwestern Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and northern West Virginia markets.

Total borrowings decreased $282.9 million or 16.3% during the first three months of 2024, which was primarily due to an increase in deposits providing additional liquidity used to pay off maturing borrowings.

Shareholders' equity increased $5.3 million or 0.2% from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024 as net income exceeded dividends declared for the period.

Total borrowings increased $125.0 million or 9.3% during the first six months of 2024, which was primarily due to the increase in loans which required additional liquidity.

Shareholders' equity increased $11.2 million or 0.4% from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024 as net income exceeded dividends declared for the period.

COMPOSITION OF SECURITIES (1)

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Weighted average life (in years)

(1) At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no holdings of any one issuer, other than U.S.

(1) At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no holdings of any one issuer, other than U.S.

government sponsored entities and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of Wesbanco’s shareholders’ equity.

(2) Weighted average yields have been calculated on a taxable-equivalent basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

Total investment securities, which are a source of liquidity for Wesbanco as well as a contributor to interest income, decreased by $83.8 million or 2.5% from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024.

Through the first three months of the year, the available-for-sale portfolio decreased by $75.1 million or 3.4%, primarily due to $60.3 million in paydowns, $4.0 million in maturities and calls and an increase of $11.6 million in unrealized losses.

Total investment securities, which are a source of liquidity for Wesbanco as well as a contributor to interest income, decreased by $92.2 million or 4.2% from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024.

Through the first six months of the year, the available-for-sale portfolio decreased by $141.3 million or 6.4%, primarily due to paydowns, calls and maturities exceeding purchases.

The held-to-maturity portfolio decreased by $19.8 million or 1.7% due primarily to maturities and calls of municipal securities.

The weighted average yield of the portfolio increased 1 basis point from 2.52% at December 31, 2023 to 2.53% at March 31, 2024, primarily due to increases in the indices tied to variable rate securities.

Total gross unrealized securities losses increased $18.2 million from $438.3 million at December 31, 2023 to $456.5 million at March 31, 2024.

The weighted average yield of the portfolio increased 5 basis point from 2.52% at December 31, 2023 to 2.57% at June 30, 2024, primarily due to increases in the indices tied to variable rate securities.

Total gross unrealized securities losses increased $31.8 million from $438.3 million at December 31, 2023 to $470.1 million at June 30, 2024.

The increase in unrealized losses from December 31, 2023 was due to an increase in market rates in 2024 to date, causing market prices to decrease.

Wesbanco believes that none of the unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2024 require an allowance for credit losses.

Wesbanco believes that none of the unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2024 require an allowance for credit losses.

Please refer to Note 3, “Securities,” of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Wesbanco does not have any investments in private mortgage-backed securities or those that are collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, nor does Wesbanco have any exposure to collateralized debt obligations or government-sponsored enterprise preferred stocks.

Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $241.4 million and $233.2 million, respectively.

Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $241.6 million and $233.2 million, respectively.

These net unrealized pre-tax losses represent temporary fluctuations resulting from changes in market rates in relation to fixed yields in the available-for-sale portfolio, and on an after-tax basis are accounted for as an adjustment to other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.

Net unrealized pre-tax losses in the held-to-maturity portfolio, which are not accounted for in other comprehensive income, were $137.6 million at March 31, 2024, compared to $130.4 million at December 31, 2023.

Net unrealized pre-tax losses in the held-to-maturity portfolio, which are not accounted for in other comprehensive income, were $151.3 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $130.4 million at December 31, 2023.

With approximately 36% of the investment portfolio in the held-to-maturity category, the recent volatility in interest rates does not have as much impact on other comprehensive income as if the entire portfolio were included in the available-for-sale category.

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The losses are recorded on the consolidated income statement in the provision for credit losses.

Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity securities, which was $8.6 million and $8.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity securities, which was $8.6 million and $8.8 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Held-to-maturity investments in U.S.

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COMPOSITION OF LOANS (1)

March 31, 2024

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

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The increase over the last twelve months was driven by a 27.9% growth in land and construction loans due to increased originations.

Originations have outpaced repayments in several loan categories, leading to increases of 10.7% in commercial and industrial loans, 9.7% in residential real estate, 7.1% in home equity loans, and 3.7% in improved property loans.

Originations have outpaced repayments in several loan categories, leading to increases of 13.0% in commercial and industrial loans, 9.8% in home equity loans, 8.6% in improved property loans, and 7.0% in residential real estate.

Consumer loans have decreased slightly at 5.0%.

Total loan commitments of $5.0 billion, including loans approved but not closed, increased $264.8 million or 5.6% from December 31, 2023 due primarily to increased loans approved but not closed.

The average line utilization percentage for the commercial portfolio was 34.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to 31.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

The average line utilization percentage for the commercial portfolio was 35.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 31.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

The commercial portfolio is monitored for potential concentrations of credit risk by market, type of lending, CRE property type, C&I and owner-occupied CRE by industry, investment CRE dependence on common tenants and industries or property types that are similarly impacted by external factors.

Loans held for sale at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are originated residential mortgages that are committed to be sold into the secondary market.

Loans held for sale decreased by $3.9 million or 23.7% from December 31, 2023 due to fewer originations in the first quarter of 2024.

The breakdown for all CRE – improved property is 26% owner-occupied and 74% investor-owned.

The bank has instituted additional monitoring of the office building portfolio, as remote work has put pressure on the need for dedicated office space in certain markets.

The office portfolio breakdown within CRE – improved property is 34% owner-occupied and 66% investor-owned.

Investor-owned office buildings represent 3.7% of the total loan portfolio.

Loans held for sale at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are originated residential mortgages that are committed to be sold into the secondary market.

Loans held for sale increased by $9.1 million or 55.5% from December 31, 2023 due to increased originations in the first half of 2024, particularly in the second quarter, as compared to those in the fourth quarter of 2023.

NON-PERFORMING ASSETS AND LOANS PAST DUE 90 DAYS OR MORE

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These loans continue to accrue interest because they are both well-secured and in the process of collection.

Loans 90 days or more past due decreased $4.2 million and represented 0.05% of total portfolio loans at March 31, 2024 and 0.08% at December 31, 2023.

Loans 30 to 89 days past due represented 0.16% of total portfolio loans at March 31, 2024 and 0.20% at December 31, 2023.

Loans 90 days or more past due decreased $0.5 million and represented 0.07% of total portfolio loans at June 30, 2024 and 0.08% at December 31, 2023.

Loans 30 to 89 days past due represented 0.17% of total portfolio loans at June 30, 2024 and 0.20% at December 31, 2023.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES - LOANS AND LOAN COMMITMENTS

As of March 31, 2024, the total allowance for credit losses – loans and commitments was $137.4 million, of which $129.2 million related to loans and $8.2 million related to loan commitments.

The allowance for credit losses – loans was 1.09% of total portfolio loans as of March 31, 2024, compared to 1.12% as of December 31, 2023.

Excluded from the allowance for credit losses and related coverage ratio are fair market value adjustments on previously acquired loans representing 0.11% of total portfolio loans at March 31, 2024.

The allowance for credit losses – loans individually-evaluated decreased $0.2 million from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024.

As of June 30, 2024, the total allowance for credit losses – loans and commitments was $145.7 million, of which $136.5 million related to loans and $9.2 million related to loan commitments.

The allowance for credit losses – loans was 1.11% of total portfolio loans as of June 30, 2024, compared to 1.12% as of December 31, 2023.

Excluded from the allowance for credit losses and related coverage ratio are fair market value adjustments on previously acquired loans representing 0.10% of total portfolio loans at June 30, 2024.

The allowance for credit losses – loans individually-evaluated increased $3.0 million from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024.

The population of individually-evaluated loans consisted of seven loans, with a total outstanding loan balance of $40.4 million.

The allowance for loans collectively-evaluated decreased from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024 by $1.3 million.

The allowance for credit losses- loan commitments was $8.2 million at March 31, 2024 as compared to $8.6 million as of December 31, 2023, and is included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The allowance for loans collectively-evaluated increased from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024 by $2.8 million.

The allowance for credit losses- loan commitments was $9.2 million at June 30, 2024 as compared to $8.6 million as of December 31, 2023, and is included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The allowance for credit losses by loan category, presented in Note 4, “Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses” of the Consolidated Financial Statements, summarizes the impact of changes in various factors that affect the allowance for loan losses in each segment of the portfolio.

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The primary macroeconomic drivers of the quantitative model include forecasts of national unemployment and interest rates, as well as modeling adjustments for changes in prepayment speeds, loan risk grades, portfolio mix, concentrations and loan growth.

For the calculation as of March 31, 2024, the forecast was based upon a probability weighted approach which is designed to incorporate loss projections from a baseline, upside and downside economy.

For the calculation as of June 30, 2024, the forecast was based upon a probability weighted approach which is designed to incorporate loss projections from a baseline, upside and downside economy.

Due to the nonlinearity of credit losses to the economy, the asymmetry is best captured by evaluating multiple economic scenarios through a probability weighted approach.

At quarter-end, national unemployment was projected to be 4.4%, and subsequently increase to an average of 4.8% over the remainder of the forecast period.

Quarterly changes to the portfolio mix caused the allowance for credit losses - loans to decrease from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024 by $1.5 million.

Criticized and classified loans were 2.30% of total portfolio loans, or $273.4 million, at March 31, 2024, increasing from 2.22% of total portfolio loans at December 31, 2023.

Quarterly changes to the economic drivers of the quantitative model, including changes to the portfolio mix as well as a specific reserve on one C&I credit and an increase in net charge-offs caused the allowance for credit losses - loans to increase from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024 by $5.8 million.

Criticized and classified loans were 2.15% of total portfolio loans, or $263.4 million, at June 30, 2024, decreasing from 2.22% of total portfolio loans at December 31, 2023.

See Note 4, “Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses” for more information.

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However, differences between management’s estimation of probable losses and actual net charge-offs in subsequent periods for any category may necessitate future adjustments to the allowance for credit losses applicable to the category.

Management believes the allowance for credit losses is appropriate to absorb expected losses at March 31, 2024.

Management believes the allowance for credit losses is appropriate to absorb expected losses at June 30, 2024.

(unaudited, dollars in thousands)

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The FDIC insures deposits up to $250,000 per account owner.

Total deposits increased $328.1 million or 2.5% during the first three months of 2024.

Money market deposit accounts increased 8.5%, while demand deposits and savings deposits increased 0.6% and 0.2%, respectively.

The increase in deposits reflects the benefit of deposit gathering and retention efforts by both retail and commercial teams.

Total deposits increased $263.7 million or 2.0% during the first six months of 2024.

Money market deposit accounts increased 13.2%, which was partially offset by savings deposits and demand deposits decreasing 2.6% and 1.3%, respectively.

The net increase in deposits reflects the benefit of deposit gathering and retention efforts by both retail and commercial teams.

The composition of total deposits continues to have a shift in the mix, reflecting the impact of the significant increase in the federal funds rate.

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In addition, Wesbanco also participates in the Insured Cash Sweep (ICS®) deposit program.

ICS® reciprocal balances totaled $1.0 billion at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

In addition, ICS® one-way buys totaled $200.6 million at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Certificates of deposit increased 8.7% from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024.

ICS® reciprocal balances totaled $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

In addition, ICS® one-way buys totaled $200.7 million and $200.6 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Certificates of deposit increased 12.7% from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024.

Wesbanco does not generally solicit brokered or other deposits out-of-market or over the internet, but does participate in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Services (CDARS®) program.

CDARS® balances totaled $51.4 million in outstanding balances at March 31, 2024, none of which represented one-way buys, compared to $48.4 million in total outstanding balances, of which $10.6 million represented one-way buys, at December 31, 2023.

Certificates of deposit greater than $250,000 were approximately $252.1 million at March 31, 2024 compared to $223.4 million at December 31, 2023.

Certificates of deposit totaling approximately $1.0 billion at March 31, 2024 with a cost of 3.65% are scheduled to mature within the next 12 months.

CDARS® balances totaled $44.8 million in outstanding balances at June 30, 2024, none of which represented one-way buys, compared to $48.4 million in total outstanding balances, of which $10.6 million represented one-way buys, at December 31, 2023.

Certificates of deposit greater than $250,000 were approximately $282.0 million at June 30, 2024 compared to $223.4 million at December 31, 2023.

Certificates of deposit totaling approximately $1.2 billion at June 30, 2024 with a cost of 3.92% are scheduled to mature within the next 12 months.

From time to time, the Bank may offer special promotions or match competitor rates on certain certificates of deposit maturities and savings products based on competition, sales strategies, liquidity needs and wholesale borrowing costs.

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While borrowings are a significant source of funding for Wesbanco, they are less significant as compared to total deposits.

FHLB borrowings decreased $250.0 million from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024, as $1.1 billion in maturities were partially offset by $0.8 billion in new advances.

The average cost of maturing FHLB advances was 5.63% during the first three months of 2024, compared to an average cost of 5.65% for new borrowings during the first three months of 2024.

Other short-term borrowings, which may consist of federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and overnight sweep checking accounts were $72.9 million at March 31, 2024, compared to $105.9 million at December 31, 2023.

There were no outstanding federal funds purchased at either March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

FHLB borrowings increased $125.0 million from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024, as $1.2 billion in new advances were partially offset by $1.1 billion in maturities.

The average cost of maturing FHLB advances and new borrowings during the first six months of 2024 was 5.63%.

Other short-term borrowings, which may consist of federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and overnight sweep checking accounts were $105.8 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $105.9 million at December 31, 2023.

There were no outstanding federal funds purchased at either June 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

CAPITAL RESOURCES

Shareholders' equity increased $5.3 million or 0.2% from December 31, 2023, to $2.5 billion at March 31, 2024.

The increase resulted from net income during the current three-month period of $35.7 million, exceeding the declaration of common and preferred shareholder dividends totaling $21.4 million and $2.5 million, respectively, and was partially offset by an $8.2 million other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Shareholders' equity increased $11.2 million or 0.4% from December 31, 2023, to $2.5 billion at June 30, 2024.

The increase resulted from net income during the current six-month period of $64.6 million, exceeding the declaration of common and preferred shareholder dividends totaling $42.4 million and $5.1 million, respectively, and was partially offset by an $8.5 million other comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Wesbanco also increased its quarterly dividend rate $0.01 per quarter to $0.36 per share in November 2023, representing a 2.9% increase over the prior quarterly rate and a cumulative 157% increase since 2010.

Wesbanco did not purchase any shares of its common stock on the open market during the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 under the current share repurchase authorization.

At March 31, 2024, the remaining shares authorized to be purchased under the last approved repurchase plan totaled 1,019,136 shares.

Wesbanco did not purchase any shares of its common stock on the open market during the three-month period ended June 30, 2024 under the current share repurchase authorization.

At June 30, 2024, the remaining shares authorized to be purchased under the last approved repurchase plan totaled 972,440 shares.

Regulatory guidelines require bank holding companies and commercial banks to maintain certain minimum capital ratios and define companies as “well capitalized” that sufficiently exceed the minimum ratios.

At March 31, 2024, regulatory capital levels for both the Bank and Wesbanco were substantially greater than the minimum amounts needed to be considered “well capitalized” under the regulations.

At June 30, 2024, regulatory capital levels for both the Bank and Wesbanco were substantially greater than the minimum amounts needed to be considered “well capitalized” under the regulations.

There are various legal limitations under federal and state laws that limit the payment of dividends from the Bank to Wesbanco.

As of March 31, 2024, under FDIC regulations, Wesbanco could receive, without prior regulatory approval, a dividend of approximately $138.7 million from the Bank.

As of June 30, 2024, under FDIC regulations, Wesbanco could receive, without prior regulatory approval, a dividend of approximately $169.5 million from the Bank.

On March 26, 2020, regulators issued interim financial rule (“IFR”) “Regulatory Capital Rule:

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Wesbanco adopted CECL effective January 1, 2020 and elected to implement the five-year transition.

Regulatory capital levels without the capital benefit at March 31, 2024 for both the Bank and Wesbanco would have continued to be greater than the amounts needed to be considered “well capitalized,” as the capital benefit approximated five to seven basis points for three of the four regulatory ratios, while total risk-based capital would have been slightly higher without the transition.

Regulatory capital levels without the capital benefit at June 30, 2024 for both the Bank and Wesbanco would have continued to be greater than the amounts needed to be considered “well capitalized,” as the capital benefit approximated five to seven basis points for three of the four regulatory ratios, while total risk-based capital would have been slightly higher without the transition.

The following table summarizes risk-based capital amounts and ratios for Wesbanco and the Bank for the periods indicated:

March 31, 2024

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

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Wesbanco believes its cash flow from the loan portfolio, the investment portfolio, and other sources, adequately meet its liquidity requirements.

Wesbanco’s net loans to assets ratio was 66.1% at March 31, 2024 and deposit balances funded 75.9% of assets.

The following table lists the sources of liquidity from assets at March 31, 2024 expected within the next year:

Wesbanco’s net loans to assets ratio was 66.9% at June 30, 2024 and deposit balances funded 74.1% of assets.

The following table lists the sources of liquidity from assets at June 30, 2024 expected within the next year:

(unaudited, in thousands)

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Deposit cash flows are another principal factor affecting overall Wesbanco liquidity.

Deposits totaled $13.5 billion at March 31, 2024.

Deposits totaled $13.4 billion at June 30, 2024.

Deposit cash flows are impacted by current interest rates, products and rates offered by Wesbanco versus various forms of competition, as well as customer behavior.

Certificates of deposit scheduled to mature within one year totaled $1.0 billion at March 31, 2024, with a weighted average cost of 3.65%, which includes jumbo regular certificates of deposit totaling $513.1 million with a weighted-average cost of 4.16%, and jumbo CDARS® certificates of deposit of $43.3 million with a weighted-average cost of 3.88%.

Wesbanco had no brokered one-way buys at March 31, 2024.

Uninsured deposits, as reported for regulatory purposes, totaled $4.2 billion at March 31, 2024, or 31% of total deposits.

Certificates of deposit scheduled to mature within one year totaled $1.2 billion at June 30, 2024, with a weighted average cost of 3.92%, which includes jumbo regular certificates of deposit totaling $626.3 million with a weighted-average cost of 4.33%, and jumbo CDARS® certificates of deposit of $39.0 million with a weighted-average cost of 3.96%.

Wesbanco had no brokered one-way buys at June 30, 2024.

Uninsured deposits, as reported for regulatory purposes, totaled $4.1 billion at June 30, 2024, or 30% of total deposits.

Uninsured deposits include $1.5 billion of public funds deposits that are over the FDIC-insured limit.

Wesbanco secures these public funds deposits by pledging investment securities with a market value at or above the deposit balance.

Excluding these public funds, at March 31, 2024, uninsured deposits were $2.6 billion, or 20% of total deposits.

Excluding these public funds, at June 30, 2024, uninsured deposits were $2.6 billion, or 19% of total deposits.

Wesbanco maintains a line of credit with the FHLB as an additional funding source.

Available credit with the FHLB approximated $3.7 billion and $3.4 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Available credit with the FHLB approximated $3.6 billion and $3.4 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The FHLB requires securities to be specifically pledged to the FHLB and maintained in a FHLB-approved custodial arrangement if the member wishes to include such securities in the maximum borrowing capacity calculation.

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Wesbanco can also use this line of credit for pledging collateral to cover public funds deposits, as an alternative to pledging securities from the investment portfolio.

At March 31, 2024, the Bank had unpledged available-for-sale securities with an estimated fair value of $205.1 million, or 9.9% of the total available-for-sale portfolio.

At June 30, 2024, the Bank had unpledged available-for-sale securities with an estimated fair value of $277.7 million, or 13.6% of the total available-for-sale portfolio.

A portion of these securities could be sold for additional liquidity, or such securities could be pledged to secure additional FHLB borrowings.

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As a result of this growth, Wesbanco is monitoring exposure to public funds deposits in relation to pledging requirements and providing insured cash sweep ("ICS") deposits via IntraFi® as a solution for a portion of new and existing public fund depositors.

In addition, at March 31, 2024, the Bank had unpledged held-to-maturity securities with an estimated fair value of $786.5 million.

In addition, at June 30, 2024, the Bank had unpledged held-to-maturity securities with an estimated fair value of $751.1 million.

Approximately 96%, or $722.4 million of these securities are municipal securities, which can only be pledged in limited circumstances.

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Wesbanco participates in the Federal Reserve Bank’s Borrower-in-Custody Program (“BIC”) whereby Wesbanco pledges certain consumer loans as collateral for borrowings.

Wesbanco did not have any BIC borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2024.

Alternative funding sources may include the utilization of existing overnight lines of credit with third party banks totaling $235.0 million, none of which was outstanding at March 31, 2024, along with seeking other lines of credit, borrowings under repurchase agreement lines, increasing deposit rates to attract additional funds, accessing brokered deposits, or selling securities available-for-sale or certain types of loans.

In addition, in March 2023, the Federal Reserve announced that it would make available additional funding to eligible depository institutions through the creation of a new Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP").

The BTFP would offer loans of up to one year in length to eligible depository institutions that pledge U.S.

Treasuries, agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, or other qualifying assets as collateral.

As of March 31, 2024, Wesbanco has not utilized the BTFP for funding, but does have $177.1 million in par value of qualifying investment securities that could be used to access funds from the program.

Other short-term borrowings of $72.9 million at March 31, 2024 consisted of repurchase agreements or overnight sweep checking accounts for large commercial customers.

Wesbanco did not have any BIC borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2024.

Alternative funding sources may include the utilization of existing overnight lines of credit with third party banks totaling $235.0 million, none of which was outstanding at June 30, 2024, along with seeking other lines of credit, borrowings under repurchase agreement lines, increasing deposit rates to attract additional funds, accessing brokered deposits, or selling securities available-for-sale or certain types of loans.

Other short-term borrowings of $105.8 million at June 30, 2024 consisted of repurchase agreements or overnight sweep checking accounts for large commercial customers.

Other short-term borrowings may also include federal funds purchased using the Federal Reserve's discount window or lines of credit with third party banks noted above.

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There are various legal limitations under federal and state laws that limit the payment of dividends from the Bank to the parent company.

As of March 31, 2024, under FDIC and State of West Virginia regulations, Wesbanco could receive, without prior regulatory approval, dividends of approximately $138.7 million from the Bank.

As of June 30, 2024, under FDIC and State of West Virginia regulations, Wesbanco could receive, without prior regulatory approval, dividends of approximately $169.5 million from the Bank.

Management believes these are appropriate levels of cash for the parent company given the current environment.

Management continuously monitors the adequacy of parent company cash levels and sources of liquidity through the use of metrics that relate current cash levels to historical and forecasted cash inflows and outflows.

Wesbanco had outstanding commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business approximating $5.0 billion and $4.7 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Wesbanco had outstanding commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business approximating $5.0 billion and $4.7 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

On a historical basis, only a portion of these commitments will result in an outflow of funds.

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Assumptions are based on internally-developed models derived from institution specific data, current market rates and economic forecasts, and are internally back-tested and periodically reviewed by an independent third-party consultant.

Key assumptions are reviewed quarterly and updated as deemed appropriate by management.

No significant assumption changes were made this period.

The net interest income sensitivity results presented in Table 1, “Net Interest Income Sensitivity,” assumes that the balance sheet composition of interest sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the end of the period remains constant over the period being measured (otherwise known as a "static" balance sheet) and also assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected immediately and parallel across all tenors of the yield curve, regardless of the duration of the maturity or re-pricing of specific assets and liabilities.

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Wesbanco’s current policy limits this exposure for the noted interest rate changes to a reduction of between 7.5% - 20%, or less, of net interest income from the stable rate base model over a twelve-month period.

The table below indicates Wesbanco’s interest rate sensitivity at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assuming the above-noted interest rate changes, as compared to a base model.

The table below indicates Wesbanco’s interest rate sensitivity at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assuming the above-noted interest rate changes, as compared to a base model.

NET INTEREST INCOME SENSITIVITY

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(basis points)

March 31, 2024

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

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In addition to the aforementioned parallel rate shock earnings sensitivity simulation model, the ALCO also reviews a “dynamic” forecast scenario to project Wesbanco's "most likely" net interest income over a rolling two-year time period.

This forecast is updated at least quarterly, incorporating

revisions and updated assumptions into the model for estimated loan and deposit growth, expected balance sheet re-mixing strategies, changes in forecasted interest rates for various indices and yield curves, competitive market spreads for various products and other assumptions not listed.

This forecast is updated at least quarterly, incorporating revisions and updated assumptions into the model for estimated loan and deposit growth, expected balance sheet re-mixing strategies, changes in forecasted interest rates for various indices and yield curves, competitive market spreads for various products and other assumptions not listed.

Such modeling is directionally consistent with typical parallel rate shock scenarios, and it assists in predicting changes in forecasted outcomes and potential adjustments to management plans to assist in achieving earnings goals.

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Generally, changes in the economic value of equity relate to changes in various assets and liabilities, changes in the yield curve, as well as changes in loan prepayment speeds and deposit decay rates.

The following table presents these results and Wesbanco’s policy limits as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following table presents these results and Wesbanco’s policy limits as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Changes in EVE sensitivity since year-end 2023 relate to the change in market interest rates and their impact upon the fair values of earning assets and costing liabilities.

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(basis points)

March 31, 2024

June 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

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Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis