Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations describes the principal factors affecting the results of operations, financial condition, and changes in financial condition for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and the notes thereto set forth in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our December 31, 2023 Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 15, 2024.
Overview
Westrock Coffee Company, a Delaware corporation (the “Company,” “Westrock,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), is a leading integrated coffee, tea, flavors, extracts, and ingredients solutions provider in the United States, providing coffee sourcing, supply chain management, product development, roasting, packaging, and distribution services to the retail, food service and restaurant, convenience store and travel center, non-commercial account, CPG, and hospitality industries around the world.
Our platform is built upon four fundamental pillars that enable us to positively impact the coffee, tea, flavors, extracts, and ingredients ecosystems from crop to cup: (i) we operate a fully transparent supply chain, (ii) we develop innovative beverage solutions tailored to our customers’ specific needs, (iii) we deliver a high quality and comprehensive set of products to our customers, and (iv) we leverage our scaled international presence to serve our blue-chip customer base. These four tenets comprise the backbone of our platform and position us as a leading provider of value-added beverage solutions. By partnering with Westrock, our customers also benefit from the benchmark-setting responsible sourcing policies and strong Environmental, Social, and Governance focus surrounding our products, top tier consumer insights, and a differentiated product ideation process. Leading brands choose us because we are singularly positioned to meet their needs, while simultaneously driving a new standard for sustainably and responsibly sourced products.
We operate our business in two segments: Beverage Solutions and Sustainable Sourcing & Traceability (“SS&T”).
Beverage Solutions : Through this segment, we combine our product innovation and customer insights to provide value-added beverage solutions, including coffee, tea, flavors, extracts, and ingredients. We provide products in a variety of packaging, including branded and private label coffee in bags, fractional packs, and single serve cups, as well as extract solutions to be used in products such as cold brew and ready-to-drink offerings. Currently, we serve customers in the United States, Europe, and Asia through the retail, food service and restaurant, convenience store and travel center, non-commercial account, CPG and hospitality industries.
Sustainable Sourcing & Traceability : Through this segment, we utilize our proprietary technology and digitally traceable supply chain to directly impact and improve the lives of our farming partners, tangible economic empowerment and an emphasis on environmental accountability and farmer literacy. Revenues primarily relate to the physical delivery and settlement of forward sales contracts for green coffee.
Key Business Metrics
We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our performance, identify trends, formulate financial projections, and to make strategic decisions.
Adjusted EBITDA
We refer to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in our analysis of our results of operations, which are not required by, or presented in accordance with, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). While we believe that net (loss) income, as defined by GAAP, is the most appropriate earnings measure, we also believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are important non-GAAP supplemental measures of operating performance as they contribute to a meaningful evaluation of the Company’s future operating performance and comparisons to the Company’s past operating performance. Additionally, we use these non-GAAP financial measures in evaluating the
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performance of our segments, to make operational and financial decisions and in our budgeting and planning process. The Company believes that providing these non-GAAP financial measures to investors helps investors evaluate the Company’s operating performance, profitability and business trends in a way that is consistent with how management evaluates such performance.
We define “EBITDA” as net (loss) income, as defined by GAAP, before interest expense, provision for income taxes and depreciation and amortization. We define “Adjusted EBITDA” as EBITDA before equity-based compensation expense and the impact, which may be recurring in nature, of transaction, restructuring and integration related costs, including management services and consulting agreements entered into in connection with the acquisition of S&D Coffee, Inc., impairment charges, changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities, non-cash mark-to-market adjustments, certain costs specifically excluded from the calculation of EBITDA under our material debt agreements, such as facility start-up costs, the write off of unamortized deferred financing costs, costs incurred as a result of the early repayment of debt, gains or losses on dispositions, and other similar or infrequent items (although we may not have had such charges in the periods presented). We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are important supplemental measures to net (loss) income because they provide additional information to evaluate our operating performance on an unleveraged basis. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is calculated similar to defined terms in our material debt agreements used to determine compliance with specific financial covenants.
Since EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should be viewed in addition to, and not be considered as alternatives for, net (loss) income determined in accordance with GAAP. Further, our computations of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to that reported by other companies that define EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do.
The reconciliation of our net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Thousands)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Net loss
$
(17,759)
$
(26,811)
$
(41,432)
$
(31,137)
Interest expense
7,453
7,385
15,032
13,414
Income tax expense (benefit)
(4,645)
6,240
1,170
1,881
Depreciation and amortization
7,968
6,181
15,516
12,055
EBITDA
(6,983)
(7,005)
(9,714)
(3,787)
Transaction, restructuring and integration expense
4,399
2,901
7,363
9,545
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
(1,612)
11,800
(1,653)
6,272
Management and consulting fees (S&D Coffee, Inc. acquisition)
—
—
—
556
Equity-based compensation
3,025
2,310
5,481
3,857
Impairment charges
831
—
831
—
Conway extract and ready-to-drink facility start-up costs
13,612
1,711
23,408
3,580
Mark-to-market adjustments
(1,522)
(969)
(3,162)
(2,205)
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
971
—
973
896
Other
943
562
1,279
1,049
Adjusted EBITDA
$
13,664
$
11,310
$
24,806
$
19,763
Beverage Solutions
13,245
11,660
24,045
20,081
Sustainable Sourcing & Traceability
419
(350)
761
(318)
Total of Reportable Segments
$
13,664
$
11,310
$
24,806
$
19,763
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Significant Developments
Restructuring Activities
During the second quarter of 2024, the Company committed to a plan to consolidate its manufacturing operations, which will result in the closure and sale of its West Winds manufacturing facility in Concord, NC, and the closure of its manufacturing facility in Richmond, CA. All production from the impacted facilities will be consolidated into other facilities operated by the Company in Concord, NC and Conway, AR. The closure of the West Winds facility was completed as of June 30, 2024, and the sale of the land and buildings is expected to be completed within the next 12 months. Production in the Richmond, CA facility is expected to cease during the third quarter of 2024. In addition, during the second quarter of 2024, the Company committed to targeted restructuring activities to improve operational efficiency by reducing excess workforce capacity in our selling, general and administrative functions. We estimate annualized savings from these initiatives to be approximately $10.0 million, and we expect to begin fully realizing these savings, on a run-rate basis, in the first quarter of 2025.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
The following table sets forth our results of operations expressed as dollars and as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated:
Three Months
Three Months
Ended
% of
Ended
% of
(Dollars in Thousands)
June 30, 2024
Revenues
June 30, 2023
Revenues
Net sales
$
208,389
100.0
%
$
224,694
100.0
%
Costs of sales
166,986
80.1
%
189,018
84.1
%
Gross profit
41,403
19.9
%
35,676
15.9
%
Selling, general and administrative expense
51,610
24.8
%
34,170
15.2
%
Transaction, restructuring and integration expense
4,399
2.1
%
2,901
1.3
%
Impairment charges
831
0.4
%
—
0.0
%
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
971
0.5
%
—
0.0
%
Total operating expenses
57,811
27.7
%
37,071
16.5
%
Loss from operations
(16,408)
(7.9)
%
(1,395)
(0.6)
%
Other (income) expense
Interest expense
7,453
3.6
%
7,385
3.3
%
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
(1,612)
(0.8)
%
11,800
5.3
%
Other, net
98
0.0
%
(9)
(0.0)
%
Loss before income taxes and equity in earnings from unconsolidated entities
(22,347)
(10.7)
%
(20,571)
(9.2)
%
Income tax expense (benefit)
(4,645)
(2.2)
%
6,240
2.8
%
Equity in (earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities
57
0.0
%
—
0.0
%
Net loss
$
(17,759)
(8.5)
%
$
(26,811)
(11.9)
%
Net loss attributable to shareholders
(17,759)
(8.5)
%
(26,811)
(11.9)
%
Accretion of Series A Convertible Preferred Shares
87
0.0
%
87
0.0
%
Net loss attributable to common shareholders
$
(17,672)
(8.5)
%
$
(26,724)
(11.9)
%
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The following table sets forth selected financial information of our reportable segments for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
Sustainable
Total of
Beverage
Sourcing &
Intersegment
Reportable
(Dollars in Thousands)
Solutions
Traceability
Revenues (1)
Segments
Segment Revenues:
2024
$
163,253
$
46,740
$
(1,604)
$
208,389
2023
189,719
36,048
(1,073)
224,694
Segment Costs of Sales:
2024
126,638
40,348
n/a
166,986
2023
157,244
31,774
n/a
189,018
Segment Gross Profit:
2024
36,615
4,788
n/a
41,403
2023
32,475
3,201
n/a
35,676
Segment Adjusted EBITDA:
2024
13,245
419
n/a
13,664
2023
11,660
(350)
n/a
11,310
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin:
2024
8.1
%
0.9
%
n/a
6.6
%
2023
6.1
%
(1.0)
%
n/a
5.0
%
(1)
Intersegment revenues represent sales of green coffee from our SS&T segment to our Beverage Solutions segment.
Net Sales
Net Sales from our Beverage Solutions segment were $163.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $189.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of approximately 14.0%. The decrease was primarily due to a $29.5 million decrease in the sale of coffee and tea products, driven by a 22.1% decrease in roast and ground coffee volumes and a 14.8% decrease in single serve cup volumes, partially offset by a $3.0 million increase in the sale of flavors, extracts and ingredients products, driven by a 31.2% increase in flavors, extracts and ingredients volumes.
Net Sales from our SS&T segment, net of intersegment revenues, totaled $45.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increasing 29.1% compared to $35.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase is driven by an increase in sales volume, which increased 39.9%, partially offset by an 8.2% decrease in average sales price per pound for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in the average sales price per pound is directly correlated to the global commodities price.
Costs of Sales
In our Beverage Solutions segment, costs of sales decreased to $126.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, from $157.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in costs of sales was primarily driven by a decrease in the sale of coffee and tea products for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.
In our SS&T segment, costs of sales increased $8.6 million to $40.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. This increase is primarily due to an increase in green coffee sales volume. Costs of sales in our SS&T segment for the three months ended June 30, 2024 included $1.5 million of net unrealized gains on forward sales and purchase contracts and mark-to-market adjustments on green coffee inventory compared to $1.0 million of net unrealized gains for the three months ended June 30, 2023.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Three Months Ended June 30,
2024
2023
% of Segment
% of Segment
(Dollars in Thousands)
Amount
Revenues
Amount
Revenues
Beverage Solutions
$
48,765
29.9
%
$
31,485
16.6
%
Sustainable Sourcing & Traceability
2,845
6.3
%
2,685
7.7
%
Total selling, general and administrative expense
$
51,610
24.8
%
$
34,170
15.2
%
Total selling, general and administrative expenses in our Beverage Solutions segment increased $17.3 million to $48.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase is primarily due to a $11.9 million increase in expenses associated with the start-up of our extract and ready-to-drink facility in Conway, Arkansas. In our SS&T segment, selling, general and administrative costs were relatively unchanged compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Transaction, Restructuring and Integration Expense
Transaction, restructuring and integration expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 were $4.4 million, approximately $4.1 million of which related to severance and other employee termination and benefit costs associated with the elimination of various positions as part of cost reduction objectives. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred $2.9 million of transaction, restructuring and integration expenses, approximately $2.2 million of which related to the costs associated with the integration of our new enterprise resource planning system, including internal and external costs related to post go-live system support and duplicative system costs.
Interest Expense
Three Months Ended June 30,
(Thousands)
2024
2023
Interest expense
Cash:
Term loan and delayed draw term loan facilities
$
4,876
$
3,153
Revolving credit facility
1,075
1,440
Convertible notes payable
278
—
Convertible notes payable - related party
632
—
Supply chain finance program
2,536
220
International trade finance lines
1,144
984
International notes payable
212
23
Other
370
1,030
Total cash interest
11,123
6,850
Non-cash:
Amortization of deferred financing costs
665
535
Capitalized interest
(4,335)
—
Total non-cash interest
(3,670)
535
Total interest expense
$
7,453
$
7,385
Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $7.5 million compared to $7.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. $1.7 million of the increase is attributable to interest expense associated with our term loan and delayed draw term loan facilities, primarily due to an increase in interest rates and higher outstanding borrowings. In addition, we incurred $2.5 million in interest on our supply chain finance program borrowings for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $0.2 million of such interest for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Furthermore, during the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company capitalized approximately $4.3 million of interest costs associated with the build-out of our extract and ready-to-drink facility in Conway, Arkansas, while no such interest was capitalized during the three months ended June 30, 2023.
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Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities
Warrant liabilities are adjusted to fair value at each reporting period, with any change in fair value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities for the three months ended June 30, 2024 resulted in recognition of $1.6 million of gains compared to recognition of $11.8 million of losses during the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $4.6 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 20.8%. The effective tax rate for the current period differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance against domestic deferred tax assets and certain permanent differences, including nondeductible expenses related to executive compensation. Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $6.2 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of (30.3%).
Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
The following table sets forth our results of operations expressed as dollars and as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated:
Six Months Ended
% of
Six Months Ended
% of
(Dollars in Thousands)
June 30, 2024
Revenues
June 30, 2023
Revenues
Net Sales
$
400,889
100.0
%
$
430,136
100.0
%
Costs of sales
322,212
80.4
%
360,162
83.7
%
Gross profit
78,677
19.6
%
69,974
16.3
%
Selling, general and administrative expense
96,050
24.0
%
68,292
15.9
%
Transaction, restructuring and integration expense
7,363
1.8
%
9,545
2.2
%
Impairment charges
831
0.2
%
—
0.0
%
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
973
0.2
%
896
0.2
%
Total operating expenses
105,217
26.2
%
78,733
18.3
%
Loss from operations
(26,540)
(6.6)
%
(8,759)
(2.0)
%
Other (income) expense
Interest expense
15,032
3.7
%
13,414
3.1
%
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
(1,653)
(0.4)
%
6,272
1.5
%
Other, net
233
0.1
%
811
0.2
%
Loss before income taxes and equity in earnings from unconsolidated entities
(40,152)
(10.0)
%
(29,256)
(6.8)
%
Income tax expense (benefit)
1,170
0.3
%
1,881
0.4
%
Equity in (earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities
110
0.0
%
—
0.0
%
Net loss
$
(41,432)
(10.3)
%
$
(31,137)
(7.2)
%
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
—
0.0
%
15
0.0
%
Net loss attributable to shareholders
(41,432)
(10.3)
%
(31,152)
(7.2)
%
Accretion of Series A Convertible Preferred Shares
174
0.0
%
(341)
(0.1)
%
Net loss attributable to common shareholders
$
(41,258)
(10.3)
%
$
(31,493)
(7.3)
%
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The following table sets forth selected financial information of our reportable segments for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
Sustainable
Total of
Beverage
Sourcing &
Intersegment
Reportable
(Dollars in Thousands)
Solutions
Traceability
Revenues (1)
Segments
Segment Revenues:
2024
$
321,312
$
83,060
$
(3,483)
$
400,889
2023
370,928
61,439
(2,231)
430,136
Segment Costs of Sales:
2024
251,698
70,514
n/a
322,212
2023
307,958
52,204
n/a
360,162
Segment Gross Profit:
2024
69,614
9,063
n/a
78,677
2023
62,970
7,004
n/a
69,974
Segment Adjusted EBITDA:
2024
24,045
761
n/a
24,806
2023
20,081
(318)
n/a
19,763
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin:
2024
7.5
%
1.0
%
n/a
6.2
%
2023
5.4
%
(0.5)
%
n/a
4.6
%
(1)
Intersegment revenues represent sales of green coffee from our SS&T segment to our Beverage Solutions segment.
Net Sales
Net Sales from our Beverage Solutions segment were $321.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $370.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of approximately 13.4%. The decrease was primarily due to a $57.9 million decrease in the sale of coffee and tea products, driven by a 23.0% decrease in roast and ground coffee volumes and a 10.9% decrease in single serve cup volumes, partially offset by a $8.1 million increase in the sale of flavors, extracts and ingredients products, driven by a 35.6% increase in flavors, extracts and ingredients volumes.
Net Sales from our SS&T segment, net of intersegment revenues, totaled $79.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, increasing 34.4% compared to $59.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase is driven by an increase in sales volume, which increased 63.3%, partially offset by an 18.5% decrease in average sales price per pound for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in the average sales price per pound is directly correlated to the global commodities price.
Costs of Sales
In our Beverage Solutions segment, costs of sales decreased to $251.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, from $308.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in costs of sales was primarily driven by a decrease in the sale of coffee and tea products for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.
In our SS&T segment, costs of sales increased $18.3 million to $70.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. This increase is primarily due to an increase in green coffee sales volume. Costs of sales in our SS&T segment for the six months ended June 30, 2024 included $3.2 million of net unrealized gains on forward sales and purchase contracts and mark-to-market adjustments on green coffee inventory compared to $2.2 million of net unrealized gains for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Six Months Ended June 30,
2024
2023
% of Segment
% of Segment
(Dollars in Thousands)
Amount
Revenues
Amount
Revenues
Beverage Solutions
$
90,794
28.3
%
$
63,287
17.1
%
Sustainable Sourcing & Traceability
5,256
6.6
%
5,005
8.5
%
Total selling, general and administrative expense
$
96,050
24.0
%
$
68,292
15.9
%
Total selling, general and administrative expenses in our Beverage Solutions segment increased $27.5 million to $90.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase is primarily due to a $19.8 million increase in expenses associated with the start-up of our extract and ready-to-drink facility in Conway, Arkansas. In our SS&T segment, selling, general and administrative costs were relatively unchanged compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Transaction, Restructuring and Integration Expense
Transaction, restructuring and integration expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 were $7.4 million, approximately $4.1 million of which related to severance and other employee termination and benefit costs associated with the elimination of various positions as part of cost reduction objectives and $2.2 million of which related to the establishment of our at-the-market common stock offering program. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred $9.5 million of transaction, restructuring and integration expenses, approximately $8.3 million of which related to the costs associated with the integration of our new enterprise resource planning system, including internal and external costs related to post go-live system support and duplicative system costs and $0.5 million of which related to the acquisition of Bixby Roasting Co.
Interest Expense
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Thousands)
2024
2023
Interest expense
Cash:
Term loan and delayed draw term loan facilities
$
9,530
$
5,904
Revolving credit facility
1,827
2,157
Convertible notes payable
416
—
Convertible notes payable - related party
944
—
Supply chain finance program
4,544
220
International trade finance lines
2,008
2,197
International notes payable
398
54
Other
813
1,894
Total cash interest
20,480
12,426
Non-cash:
Amortization of deferred financing costs
1,715
988
Capitalized interest
(7,163)
—
Total non-cash interest
(5,448)
988
Total interest expense
$
15,032
$
13,414
Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $15.0 million compared to $13.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. $3.6 million of the increase is attributable to interest expense associated with our term loan and delayed draw term loan facilities, primarily due to an increase in interest rates and higher outstanding borrowings. In addition, we incurred $4.5 million in interest on our supply chain finance program borrowings for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $0.2 million of such interest for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Furthermore, during the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company capitalized approximately $7.2 million of interest costs associated
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with the build-out of our extract and ready-to-drink facility in Conway, Arkansas, while no such interest was capitalized during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities
The change in fair value of warrant liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 resulted in recognition of $1.7 million of gains compared to recognition of $6.3 million of losses during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $1.2 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of (2.9%). The effective tax rate for the current period differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance against domestic deferred tax assets and certain permanent differences, including nondeductible expenses related to executive compensation. Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $1.9 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of (6.4%).
Critical Accounting Estimates
We make certain judgements and use certain estimates and assumptions when applying accounting principles in the preparation of our financial statements. The nature of those estimates and assumptions are material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain factors or the susceptibility of such factors to change.
We believe the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our financial statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts reflected in our financial statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and, in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
For further information on our critical accounting estimates, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the notes to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, there have been no material changes to these estimates.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal liquidity needs are to fund operating expenses, meet debt service obligations, and fund investment activities, which include capital expenditures. Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash on hand, cash provided by operating activities, and available borrowings under our Credit Agreement (as defined herein).
Our ability to generate cash provided by operating activities is dependent on several factors, including our ability to generate net sales and manage costs in line with our expectations. Failure to meet our financial targets, including any adverse impact from changes or delays in the estimated timing and volume of products to be commercialized in our extract and ready-to-drink manufacturing facility in Conway, Arkansas, may restrict our liquidity and capital resources and our ability to maintain compliance with our financial covenants and may require us to modify, delay, or abandon some of our planned future expansion or development, or to otherwise enact operating cost reductions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, covenant compliance and ability to achieve our intended business objectives. Where possible, we seek to recover inflation-impacted costs by passing these costs onto our customers through periodic pricing increases. However, our pricing increases often lag our cost increases, including increases in commodity costs. The persistence of these negative effects on our business could adversely impact our ability to reach our revenue and other financial targets.
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Credit Agreement
The Company is party to a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company, Westrock Beverage Solutions, LLC, as the borrower (the “Borrower”), Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent, and swingline lender, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as sustainability structuring agent, and each issuing bank and lender party thereto. The Credit Agreement includes (a) a senior secured first lien revolving credit facility in an initial aggregate principal amount of $175.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), (b) a senior secured first lien term loan facility in an initial aggregate principal amount of $175.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility”), and (c) incremental term loan commitments in the form of a senior secured delayed draw term loan credit facility (the “Delayed Draw Term Loan Facility”) in the aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million. The Revolving Credit Facility, the Term Loan Facility and the Delayed Draw Term Loan Facility will mature on August 29, 2027. All obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company and each of the Borrower’s domestic subsidiaries, which comprise our Beverage Solutions segment, and are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets.
Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Term Loan Facility and the Delayed Draw Term Loan Facility will bear interest, at the Borrower’s option, initially at an annual rate equal to (a) term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% for loans with an interest period of one month, 0.15% for loans with an interest period of three months and 0.25% for loans with an interest period of six months, as applicable, (the “Adjusted Term SOFR”) or (b) the base rate (determined by reference to the greatest of (i) the rate of interest last quoted by The Wall Street Journal in the United States as the prime rate in effect, (ii) the NYFRB Rate from time to time plus 0.50% and (iii) the Adjusted Term SOFR for a one month interest period plus 1.00%, (the “Base Rate”)), in each case plus an applicable margin.
At June 30, 2024, we had $59.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, with a weighted average interest rate of 9.1% and we had $2.6 million of standby letters of credit outstanding. At June 30, 2024 the interest rate applicable to our Term Loan Facility was 9.2% and the interest rate applicable to our Delayed Draw Term Loan Facility was 8.7%.
On February 15, 2024, the Borrower entered into Amendment No. 3 (the “Third Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement. The Third Amendment modified the existing covenant relief period (the “Covenant Relief Period”), which commenced on June 30, 2023 and will end on the earlier to occur of (i) April 1, 2026 and (ii) any date following June 30, 2024, on which the Borrower elects to terminate the Covenant Relief Period subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. During the Covenant Relief Period, the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness and make investments, restricted payments and junior debt restricted payments will be more limited. The Third Amendment permits the Company to issue convertible notes, including the Convertible Notes (as defined herein).
During the Covenant Relief Period, the applicable margin for any term SOFR rate loan will range from 3.00% to 4.00% and for any ABR loan will range from 2.00% to 3.00%, in each case depending on the secured net leverage ratio. After the Covenant Relief Period, the applicable margin for any term SOFR rate loan will range from 2.00% to 3.00% and for any ABR loan will range from 1.00% to 2.00%, in each case depending on the secured net leverage ratio.
The Credit Agreement, as amended, requires the Borrower to maintain compliance with (i) a secured net leverage ratio at levels ranging from 4.50:1.00 to 6.25:1.00 and stepping down to 4.50:1.00 by April 2026 and (ii) an interest coverage ratio of at least 1.50:1.00 on and prior to September 30, 2025 and at least 2.00:1.00 on December 31, 2025 and thereafter. The Credit Agreement, as amended, also includes (i) a minimum liquidity covenant requiring the Borrower not to permit its liquidity, measured as of the last business day of each calendar month commencing March 29, 2024, to be less than $15 million and (ii) an anti-cash hoarding covenant, which shall be effective only during the Covenant Relief Period, requiring the Borrower to have no more than $20 million of unrestricted cash on the last day of each calendar month when revolving loans or letters of credit are outstanding or on the date of borrowing of a revolving loan. Failure to comply with these covenants or make payments when due could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could accelerate our repayment obligations under the Credit Agreement and could result in a default and acceleration under other agreements containing cross-default provisions. Under these circumstances, we might not have sufficient funds or other resources to satisfy all of our obligations. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company was in compliance with its financial covenants.
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The Term Loan Facility and Delayed Draw Term Loan Facility requires quarterly principal payments totaling approximately $2.8 million (1.25% of the original principal balance). Quarterly payments increase to approximately $4.2 million and $5.6 million (1.875% and 2.5% of the original principal balance) during the final two years of the agreements, respectively.
We incurred a total of $2.4 million in financing fees in connection with the Third Amendment. Approximately $1.3 million of the fees were allocated to the Term Loan Facility and are being amortized over the remaining term of the Term Loan Facility utilizing the frozen effective yield method based on the interest rate in place at the issuance of the Term Loan Facility. Approximately $1.0 million of the fees were allocated to the Revolving Credit Facility, are reported within other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized ratably over the remaining term of the Revolving Credit Facility.
Convertible Notes
On February 15, 2024, the Company sold and issued in a private placement $72.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.00% convertible senior notes due 2029 (the “Convertible Notes”), of which $50.0 million was from related parties. The Convertible Notes are unsecured, senior obligations of the Company and accrue interest at a rate of 5.00% per annum.
The Convertible Notes are carried at amortized cost and are recorded in long-term debt, net and convertible notes payable – related party, net on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At June 30, 2024, the carrying value of the Convertible Notes was $71.5 million, of which $49.7 million was from related parties. We incurred a total of $0.5 million of financing fees in connection with the Convertible Notes, which were ratably allocated to the convertible notes payable and the convertible notes payable – related party, respectively, and are being amortized into interest expense over the remaining term of the Convertible Notes utilizing the effective interest rate method.
Pursuant to the terms of the Convertible Notes, noteholders may convert their Convertible Notes at their option only in the following circumstances: (i) during the period commencing on August 15, 2024, and prior to the close of business on the trading day immediately preceding August 15, 2028, if the closing price for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of any 30 consecutive trading days in the immediately preceding calendar quarter is equal to or greater than 130% of the conversion price; (ii) during the period commencing on August 15, 2028, and prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding February 15, 2029, at any time; and (iii) during the 35 trading days following the effective date of certain fundamental change transactions that occur prior to the close of business on the trading day immediately preceding August 15, 2028.
The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, at the Company’s election, cash, common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Shares”), or a combination of cash and Common Shares. The Company may not issue more than 19.99% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares immediately prior to the issuance of the Convertible Notes in respect of the conversion of the Convertible Notes. The initial conversion price of the Convertible Notes is $12.84, which corresponds to an initial conversion rate of approximately 77.88 Common Shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes. The conversion price and conversion rate are subject to customary adjustments.
International Debt and Lending Facilities
On March 21, 2023, we entered into a $70 million working capital trade finance facility with multiple financial institutions through our subsidiary, Falcon Coffees Limited (“Falcon”). The facility was set to mature one year from inception. Borrowings under the facility bore interest at the borrower’s option at a rate equal to (a) term SOFR, as defined in the facility, plus a margin of 4.00% plus a liquidity premium set by the lender at the time of borrowing or (b) the Base Rate (determined by reference to the greatest of (i) the Prime Rate, as defined in the facility, at such time, (ii) one-half of 1.00% in excess of the Federal Funds Effective Rate, as defined in the facility, at such time, and (iii) Term SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect at such time plus 1.00%).
On March 8, 2024, Falcon renewed its working capital trade finance facility with multiple institutions. The facility size was reduced from $70.0 million to $55.0 million and remains uncommitted and repayable on demand, with certain of
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Falcon’s assets pledged as collateral against the facility. The facility will mature one year from inception. Borrowings under the facility will bear interest at the borrower’s option at a rate equal to (a) Term SOFR plus a margin of 4.00% plus a liquidity premium set by the lender at the time of borrowing or (b) the Base Rate (determined by reference to the greatest of (i) the Prime Rate, as defined in the facility, at such time, (ii) one-half of 1.00% in excess of the Federal Funds Effective Rate, as defined in the facility, at such time, and (iii) Term SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect at such time plus 1.00%). At June 30, 2024, there was $41.7 million of outstanding borrowings under the facility, which is recorded in short-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Falcon’s facility contains certain restrictive financial covenants which require Falcon to maintain certain levels of working capital, debt, and net worth. Falcon was in compliance with these financial covenants as of June 30, 2024.
On September 28, 2023, we entered into a $5.0 million unsecured working capital trade finance facility with responsAbility Climate Smart Agriculture & Food Systems Fund through our subsidiary, Falcon. The facility will mature on December 31, 2026, and requires stepped repayments of $0.5 million on December 31, 2024, $1.0 million on December 31, 2025 and $3.5 million on December 31, 2026. Borrowings under the facility will bear interest at the borrower’s option at a rate equal to (a) (i) the most recent applicable Term SOFR for the longest period (for which Term SOFR is available) which is less than the applicable interest period of the loan or (ii) if no such Term SOFR is available for a period which is less than the applicable interest period, SOFR for the day which is two U.S. Government Securities Business Days, as defined in the facility, before the Quotation Day, as defined in the facility; or (b) the most recent applicable Term SOFR (as of the Quotation Day) for the shortest period (for which Term SOFR is available) which exceeds the applicable interest period of that loan, in each case plus the applicable margin. At June 30, 2024, there was $5.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the facility, of which $4.5 million and $0.5 million, is recorded in long-term debt, net and current maturities of long-term debt, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Falcon’s facility contains certain restrictive financial covenants which require Falcon to maintain certain levels of working capital, debt, and tangible net worth. Falcon was in compliance with these financial covenants as of June 30, 2024.
Westrock Coffee International, LLC, through its subsidiary Rwanda Trading Company, maintains two mortgage and inventory-backed lending facilities with a local bank in Rwanda: (a) a short-term trade finance facility with a balance of $8.4 million at June 30, 2024 and (b) a long-term note payable with a balance of $0.8 million at June 30, 2024. Additionally, Rwanda Trading Company maintains two short-term futures contract-based lending facilities from international institutions with outstanding balances of $2.5 million and $2.0 million at June 30, 2024.
Supply Chain Finance Program
The Company is party to a supply chain finance program (the “Program”) with a third-party financing provider to provide better working capital usage by deferring payments for certain raw materials. Under the Program, the financing provider remits payment to the Company’s suppliers for approved invoices, and the Company repays the financing provider the amount of the approved invoices, plus a financing charge, on 180-day terms. The Program is uncommitted and the financing provider may, at its sole discretion, cancel the Program at any time. The Company may request cancellation of the Program in whole or in respect of one or more approved suppliers. Due to the extension of payment terms beyond the original due date of approved invoices, obligations under the Program are recorded outside of accounts payable, within our supply chain finance program, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2024, there were $76.3 million obligations outstanding under the Program.
At-the-Market Common Stock Offering Program
We have an effective shelf registration statement on file with the SEC (the “Registration Statement”) to offer and sell various securities from time to time. Under the Registration Statement, we have established an at-the-market common stock offering program (the “ATM Program”) to sell shares of common stock not to exceed 5,000,000 Common Shares in the aggregate. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company sold 60,000 Common Shares under the ATM Program, resulting in net proceeds of $0.6 million. This program is intended to provide additional financial flexibility and an alternative mechanism to access the capital markets at an efficient cost as and when we need financing, including for acquisitions.
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Current and Long-Term Liquidity
A key component of our long-term growth strategy is to complete the build-out of our extract and ready-to-drink manufacturing facility in Conway, Arkansas, which will utilize state-of-the-art equipment specifically designed to efficiently manufacture and package a wide range of beverages, such as canned or bottled cold brew coffees, lattes, assorted teas, and juice-based products. During the second quarter of 2024, we commenced commercial production in a portion of the facility. We are continuing to build out the remaining portions of the facility, and expect that the material capital expenditures related to the facility will be completed by the first quarter of 2025.
We believe proceeds from the Delayed Draw Term Loan Facility, Convertible Notes, cash from operations and borrowings available under the Revolving Credit Facility will provide sufficient cash on-hand to fund our near-term growth strategies, which include, (i) extending and enhancing product offerings through innovation, (ii) expanding our customer base, (iii) expanding geographically, (iv) funding accretive acquisitions, (v) continuing to drive margin expansion and (vi) completing the build-out of our extract and ready-to-drink manufacturing facility in Conway, Arkansas. However, the Company will continuously evaluate its liquidity needs, and may seek to opportunistically access additional liquidity, including through either the debt or equity capital markets. If it is determined that we have insufficient liquidity to fund the Conway facility build-out or fund our acquisition strategy, we may delay the build-out of the Conway facility and/or modify the scope of the build-out and we may reprioritize our strategy to focus on organic growth opportunities, which may have an adverse impact on our ability to achieve our growth objectives.
Warrant Proceeds
As of June 30, 2024, we had 19,144,120 outstanding warrants to purchase 19,144,120 Common Shares, exercisable at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, which expire on the earliest to occur of August 26, 2027, redemption or liquidation. The exercise of warrants, and any proceeds we may receive from their exercise, are highly dependent on the price of our Common Shares and the spread between the exercise price of the warrant and the price of our Common Shares at the time of exercise. For example, to the extent that the price of our Common Shares exceeds $11.50 per share, it is more likely that holders of our warrants will exercise their warrants. If the price of our Common Shares is less than $11.50 per share, it is unlikely that such holders will exercise their warrants. Even if our warrants are in the money, there can be no assurance that warrant holders will exercise their warrants prior to their expiration. Our Westrock Public Warrants (as defined in Note 13 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) under certain conditions, as described in their warrant agreement, are redeemable by the Company at a price of $0.01 per warrant or on a cashless basis. Our Westrock Private Warrants (as defined in Note 13 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements), of which there were 2,026,046 outstanding at June 30, 2024, are not redeemable so long as they are held by the existing holders or their permitted transferees. As such, it is possible that we may never generate any or only very limited cash proceeds from the exercise of our warrants.
As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have neither included nor intend to include any potential cash proceeds from the exercise of our warrants in our short-term or long-term liquidity sources or capital resource planning. We do not expect to rely on the cash exercise of warrants to fund our operations. Instead, we intend to rely on our primary sources of cash discussed above to continue to support our operations. Therefore, the availability or unavailability of any proceeds from the exercise of our warrants is not expected to affect our ability to fund our operations. We will continue to evaluate the probability of warrant exercise over the life of our warrants and the merit of including potential cash proceeds from the exercise thereof in our liquidity sources and capital resources planning.
To the extent such warrants are exercised, additional Common Shares will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of our Common Shares and increase the number of Common Shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our Common Shares, which increases the likelihood of periods when our warrants will not be in the money prior to their expiration.
Redemptions of Series A Preferred Shares
After February 26, 2028, any holder of Series A Preferred Shares may require Westrock to redeem all or any whole number of such holder’s Series A Preferred Shares in cash, subject to applicable law and the terms of any credit
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agreement or similar arrangement pursuant to which a third-party lender provides debt financing to Westrock or its subsidiaries, at a redemption price per share equal to the greater of (a) the liquidation preference and (b) the product of (i) the number of Common Shares that would have been obtained from converting one Series A Preferred Share on the redemption notice date and (ii) the simple average of the daily volume-weighted average price per Common Share for the ten (10) trading days ending on and including the trading day immediately preceding the redemption notice date. Assuming that the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Shares remains $11.50 per share and all 23,511,922 Series A Preferred Shares remain outstanding after February 26, 2028, we estimate an aggregate redemption payment of at least approximately $270.4 million. If Westrock was required by the holders to redeem a significant number of Series A Preferred Shares, Westrock may not have enough cash available (including through draws on its credit facility) for other purposes such as paying dividends on the Common Shares, repurchases of Common Shares, financing acquisitions or other expansions, paying employee incentives and executing its business strategy. An outflow of a significant amount of cash from Westrock as a result of redemptions of the Series A Preferred Shares may cause a deterioration in the financial condition of Westrock and our ability to pay our other obligations and/or execute our business strategy. The impact of such redemptions on Westrock will depend, among other things, on the financial condition of Westrock at the time of such redemptions, including the amount of available cash on hand and ability to draw on Westrock’s credit facilities or obtain other sources of financing, the business strategies and objectives of Westrock at that time and the magnitude of such redemptions. Additionally, we may reserve cash, refrain from pursuing other business objectives and/or direct cash away from other business objectives to ensure that we have sufficient available cash to satisfy holder redemptions and this may adversely affect our business and financial condition and ability to execute on our business strategy.
Contractual and Other Obligations
Our material contractual and other obligations include the payment of principal and interest under our debt obligations and future purchase of inventory obligations. Our Term Loan Facility and Delayed Draw Term Loan Facility require quarterly principal payments of 1.25% of the original principal. Quarterly payments increase 1.875% and 2.5% of the original principal balance during the fourth and fifth years of the Credit Agreement, respectively. We have no other material obligations to pay principal amounts of our long-term debt obligations prior to their maturity.
Future purchase obligations of $180.3 million as of June 30, 2024 consist of commitments for the purchase of inventory over the next 12 months. These obligations represent the minimum contractual obligations expected under the normal course of business. There are no material purchase obligations beyond 12 months.
We have future obligations to repurchase $1.0 million of inventory associated with repurchase agreements in which the Company’s SS&T segment has sold inventory to a third party and from whom the Company’s Beverage Solution segment has an obligation to repurchase.
Capital Expenditures
We categorize our capital expenditures as (i) growth, (ii) maintenance, (iii) customer beverage equipment or (iv) other.
We define growth capital expenditures as investments in our manufacturing facilities that will contribute to revenue growth by increasing production capacity, improving production efficiencies, or related to production of new products. Maintenance capital expenditures are those necessary to keep our existing manufacturing equipment fully operational. Customer beverage equipment represents Company-owned equipment that is deployed in our customers’ locations.
Capital expenditures for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
Customer
Beverage
(Thousands)
Growth
Maintenance
Equipment
Other
Total
Six months ended June 30, 2024
$
102,742
$
1,043
$
538
$
782
$
105,105
Six months ended June 30, 2023
$
50,512
$
1,757
$
1,151
$
2,325
$
55,745
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During the remainder of 2024, we expect to invest approximately $55.0 million to continue the build out of our extract and ready-to-drink product manufacturing facility in Conway, Arkansas.
If circumstances warrant, we may need to take measures to conserve cash, which may include a suspension, delay, or reduction in growth and/or maintenance capital expenditures. We continually assess our capital expenditure plans in light of developments impacting our business, including the needs of our customers.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item I of Part 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a detailed discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in the market risks discussed in Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024.
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.