WESTERN DIGITAL CORP 10-K

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Financial Statements PAGE NO. Consolidated Financial Statements: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Auditor Firm ID: 185 ) 48 Consolidated Balance Sheets — As of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021 51 Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three Years Ended July 1, 2022 52 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) — Three Years Ended July 1, 2022 53 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Three Years Ended July 1, 2022 54 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity — Three Years Ended July 1, 2022 55 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 56 47 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and Board of Directors Western Digital Corporation: Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Western Digital Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), cash flows and shareholders’ equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended July 1, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of July 1, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended July 1, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of July 1, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Basis for Opinions The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A Controls and Procedures - Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting . Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 48 Table of Contents Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. Assessment of variable consideration for sales to resellers As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company provides resellers with price protection and other sales incentive programs. The Company uses judgment in its assessment of variable consideration in contracts to be included in the transaction price. The Company’s estimate of variable consideration for sales to resellers is based on several factors, including historical pricing information, current pricing trends, and channel inventory levels. We identified the assessment of variable consideration for sales to resellers as a critical audit matter. Evaluating the assumptions used by the Company to estimate the variable consideration, specifically anticipated price decreases based on historical pricing information, current pricing trends, and channel inventory levels during the expected reseller holding period, required a higher degree of auditor judgment due to the uncertainty involved in the estimate. The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s process of determining the variable consideration for sales to resellers, including controls related to the development of the assumption of anticipated price decreases during the reseller holding period. We evaluated the Company’s ability to reasonably estimate the assumptions used to determine the variable consideration by comparing historically recorded variable consideration to actual subsequent payments and credits. We developed an expectation of the variable consideration for resellers based on historically recorded variable consideration, subsequent payments and credits issued and then compared our expectation to the actual variable consideration recorded. Goodwill Re-allocation - Fair Value of the Reporting Units As discussed in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, historically, the Company had been managed and reported under a single operating segment. In 2021, the Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, announced a decision to reorganize the Company’s business by forming two separate product business units: flash-based products (Flash) and hard disk drives (HDD). To align the new operating model and business structure, the Company made management organizational changes and implemented new reporting modules and processes to provide discrete information to manage the business. Effective July 3, 2021, the Company’s management finalized its assessment of the Company’s operating segments and concluded that the Company now has two operating segments: Flash and HDD. In connection with the Company’s determination of its operating segments, effective July 3, 2021, the Company determined that its operating segments were also its reporting units and re-allocated its goodwill between its reporting units based on the estimated relative fair values of the reporting units, with $4,328 million allocated to the HDD reporting unit and $5,738 million allocated to the Flash reporting unit. We identified the assessment of the fair value of the reporting units as of July 3, 2021 as a critical audit matter. Subjective auditor judgment was required in assessing the forecasted revenue and forecasted cost of revenue assumptions used in the income approach to estimate the fair value of the reporting units. The assessment of these assumptions was challenging due to the degree of uncertainty related to the forecasted revenue and cost of revenue. Differences in judgment used to determine these assumptions could have a significant effect on the reporting units’ estimated fair value and the resulting re-allocation of goodwill. The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s process to estimate the 49 Table of Contents reporting units’ fair value, including controls related to the determination of the forecasted revenue and forecasted cost of revenue assumptions for the reporting units. We evaluated the Company’s forecasted revenue and cost of revenue assumptions by: • comparing the forecasted revenue and cost of revenue to the Company’s budget, • comparing the forecasted revenue and cost of revenue to actual revenue and cost of revenue recorded subsequent to the measurement date, • comparing the forecasted revenue growth rate to the actual revenue growth rate in prior years, • comparing the forecasted cost of revenue to actual cost of revenue in prior years, • comparing the forecasted revenue growth rate to the forecasted revenue growth rate projected for peer companies and the industry, as well as other economic data, and • comparing the forecasted gross margin to historical gross margin for peer companies. /s/ KPMG LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1970. Santa Clara, California August 24, 2022 50 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in millions, except par value) July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,327 $ 3,370 Accounts receivable, net 2,804 2,257 Inventories 3,638 3,616 Other current assets 684 514 Total current assets 9,453 9,757 Property, plant and equipment, net 3,670 3,188 Notes receivable and investments in Flash Ventures 1,396 1,586 Goodwill 10,041 10,066 Other intangible assets, net 213 442 Other non-current assets 1,486 1,093 Total assets $ 26,259 $ 26,132 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 1,902 $ 1,934 Accounts payable to related parties 320 398 Accrued expenses 1,636 1,390 Income taxes payable 869 263 Accrued compensation 510 634 Current portion of long-term debt — 251 Total current liabilities 5,237 4,870 Long-term debt 7,022 8,474 Other liabilities 1,779 2,067 Total liabilities 14,038 15,411 Commitments and contingencies (Notes 10, 11, 14 and 17) Shareholders’ equity: Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value; authorized — 5 shares; issued and outstanding — none — — Common stock, $ 0.01 par value; authorized — 450 shares; issued — 315 shares in 2022 and 312 shares in 2021; outstanding — 315 shares in 2022 and 308 shares in 2021 3 3 Additional paid-in capital 3,733 3,608 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 554 ) ( 197 ) Retained earnings 9,039 7,539 Treasury stock — common shares at cost; 0 shares in 2022 and 4 shares in 2021 — ( 232 ) Total shareholders’ equity 12,221 10,721 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 26,259 $ 26,132 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 51 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in millions, except per share amounts) Year Ended July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 July 3, 2020 Revenue, net $ 18,793 $ 16,922 $ 16,736 Cost of revenue 12,919 12,401 12,955 Gross profit 5,874 4,521 3,781 Operating expenses: Research and development 2,323 2,243 2,261 Selling, general and administrative 1,117 1,105 1,153 Employee termination, asset impairment, and other charges 43 ( 47 ) 32 Total operating expenses 3,483 3,301 3,446 Operating income 2,391 1,220 335 Interest and other income (expense): Interest income 6 7 28 Interest expense ( 304 ) ( 326 ) ( 413 ) Other income, net 30 26 4 Total interest and other expense, net ( 268 ) ( 293 ) ( 381 ) Income (loss) before taxes 2,123 927 ( 46 ) Income tax expense 623 106 204 Net income (loss) $ 1,500 $ 821 $ ( 250 ) Income (loss) per common share Basic $ 4.81 $ 2.69 $ ( 0.84 ) Diluted $ 4.75 $ 2.66 $ ( 0.84 ) Weighted average shares outstanding: Basic 312 305 298 Diluted 316 309 298 Cash dividends declared per share $ — $ — $ 1.50 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 52 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (in millions) Year Ended July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 July 3, 2020 Net income (loss) $ 1,500 $ 821 $ ( 250 ) Other comprehensive loss, before tax: Actuarial pension gain (loss) 26 27 ( 1 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment ( 239 ) ( 36 ) ( 7 ) Net unrealized loss on derivative contracts ( 180 ) ( 33 ) ( 93 ) Total other comprehensive loss, before tax ( 393 ) ( 42 ) ( 101 ) Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive loss, before tax 36 2 12 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax ( 357 ) ( 40 ) ( 89 ) Total comprehensive income (loss) $ 1,143 $ 781 $ ( 339 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 53 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in millions) Year Ended July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 July 3, 2020 Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) $ 1,500 $ 821 $ ( 250 ) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operations: Depreciation and amortization 929 1,212 1,566 Stock-based compensation 326 318 308 Deferred income taxes 114 ( 242 ) ( 82 ) Gain on disposal of assets ( 16 ) ( 70 ) ( 7 ) Gain on business divestiture ( 9 ) — — Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts 44 40 40 Other non-cash operating activities, net 67 ( 6 ) 6 Changes in: Accounts receivable, net ( 546 ) 121 ( 1,175 ) Inventories ( 22 ) ( 546 ) 200 Accounts payable ( 129 ) 11 192 Accounts payable to related parties ( 78 ) ( 9 ) 75 Accrued expenses 246 257 103 Income taxes payable ( 74 ) 95 81 Accrued compensation ( 123 ) 162 124 Other assets and liabilities, net ( 349 ) ( 266 ) ( 357 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 1,880 1,898 824 Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of property, plant and equipment ( 1,122 ) ( 1,146 ) ( 647 ) Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment 15 143 — Acquisitions, net of cash acquired — — ( 22 ) Proceeds from dispositions of business 32 — — Notes receivable issuances to Flash Ventures ( 809 ) ( 541 ) ( 353 ) Notes receivable proceeds from Flash Ventures 718 772 1,284 Strategic investments and other, net ( 26 ) 7 16 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities ( 1,192 ) ( 765 ) 278 Cash flows from financing activities Issuance of stock under employee stock plans 122 134 141 Taxes paid on vested stock awards under employee stock plans ( 90 ) ( 56 ) ( 72 ) Dividends paid to shareholders — — ( 595 ) Repayment of government grants — ( 9 ) — Repayment of debt ( 3,621 ) ( 886 ) ( 982 ) Proceeds from debt 1,894 — — Debt issuance costs ( 23 ) — — Net cash used in financing activities ( 1,718 ) ( 817 ) ( 1,508 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash ( 13 ) 6 ( 1 ) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents ( 1,043 ) 322 ( 407 ) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 3,370 3,048 3,455 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 2,327 $ 3,370 $ 3,048 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for income taxes $ 423 $ 348 $ 341 Cash paid for interest $ 245 $ 283 $ 372 Noncash exchange of Term Loan A-1 for Term Loan A-2 $ 2,104 $ — $ — The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 54 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in millions) Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings Total Shareholders’ Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance at June 28, 2019 312 $ 3 ( 17 ) $ ( 1,268 ) $ 3,851 $ ( 68 ) $ 7,449 $ 9,967 Net loss — — — — — — ( 250 ) ( 250 ) Employee stock plans — — 7 531 ( 462 ) — — 69 Adoption of new accounting standards — — — — — — ( 5 ) ( 5 ) Stock-based compensation — — — — 308 — — 308 Dividends to shareholders — — — — 20 — ( 469 ) ( 449 ) Actuarial pension loss — — — — — ( 5 ) — ( 5 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — ( 6 ) — ( 6 ) Net unrealized loss on derivative contracts — — — — — ( 78 ) — ( 78 ) Balance at July 3, 2020 312 3 ( 10 ) ( 737 ) 3,717 ( 157 ) 6,725 9,551 Net income — — — — — — 821 821 Adoption of new accounting standard — — — — — — ( 7 ) ( 7 ) Employee stock plans — — 6 505 ( 427 ) — — 78 Stock-based compensation — — — — 318 — — 318 Actuarial pension gain — — — — — 23 — 23 Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — ( 36 ) — ( 36 ) Net unrealized loss on derivative contracts — — — — — ( 27 ) — ( 27 ) Balance at July 2, 2021 312 3 ( 4 ) ( 232 ) 3,608 ( 197 ) 7,539 10,721 Net income — — — — — — 1,500 1,500 Employee stock plans 3 — 4 232 ( 201 ) — — 31 Stock-based compensation — — — — 326 — — 326 Actuarial pension gain — — — — — 24 — 24 Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — ( 239 ) — ( 239 ) Net unrealized loss on derivative contracts — — — — — ( 142 ) — ( 142 ) Balance at July 1, 2022 315 $ 3 — $ — $ 3,733 $ ( 554 ) $ 9,039 $ 12,221 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 55 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation Western Digital Corporation (“Western Digital” or “the Company”) is a leading developer, manufacturer, and provider of data storage devices and solutions that address the evolving needs of the information technology (“IT”) industry and the infrastructure that enables the proliferation of data in virtually every other industry. The Company creates environments for data to thrive. The Company is driving the innovation needed to help customers capture, preserve, access and transform an ever-increasing diversity of data. Everywhere data lives, from advanced data centers to mobile sensors to personal devices, the Company’s industry-leading solutions deliver the possibilities of data. The Company’s broad portfolio of technology and products address the following key end markets: Cloud, Client and Consumer. The Company also generates immaterial license and royalty revenue from its extensive intellectual property (“IP”) portfolio, which is included in each of these three end market categories. Basis of Presentation The Company has prepared its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and has adopted accounting policies and practices which are generally accepted in the industry in which it operates. The Company’s significant accounting policies are summarized below. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not have a material impact on previously reported amounts. Fiscal Year The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Friday nearest to June 30 and typically consists of 52 weeks. Approximately every five to six years, we report a 53-week fiscal year to align the fiscal year with the foregoing policy. Fiscal years 2022 and 2021, which ended on July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, respectively, are comprised of 52 weeks, with all quarters presented consisting of 13 weeks. Fiscal year 2020, which ended on July 3, 2020, was comprised of 53 weeks, with the first quarter consisting of 14 weeks and the remaining quarters consisting of 13 weeks each. Unless otherwise indicated, references herein to specific years and quarters are to fiscal years and fiscal quarters, and references to financial information are on a consolidated basis. Segment Reporting The Company manufactures, markets, and sells data storage devices and solutions in the U.S. and in foreign countries through its sales personnel, dealers, distributors, retailers, and subsidiaries. Historically, the Company had been managed and reported under a single operating segment. In 2021, the Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), announced a decision to reorganize the Company’s business by forming two separate product business units: flash-based products (“Flash”) and hard disk drives (“HDD”). To align the new operating model and business structure, the Company made management organizational changes and implemented new reporting modules and processes to provide discrete information to manage the business. Effective July 3, 2021, the Company’s management finalized its assessment of the Company’s operating segments and concluded that the Company now has two operating segments: flash-based products and hard disk drives. The CODM evaluates performance of the Company and makes decisions regarding allocation of resources based on each operating segment’s net revenue and gross margin. Because of the integrated nature of the Company’s production and distribution activities, separate segment asset measures are either not available or not used as a basis for the CODM to evaluate the performance of or to allocate resources to the segments. 56 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Basis of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The functional currency of most of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. The accounts of these foreign subsidiaries have been remeasured using the U.S. dollar as the functional currency. Gains or losses resulting from remeasurement of these accounts from local currencies into U.S. dollars were immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries for which the functional currency is the local currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at each balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and a weighted average exchange rate for each period for statement of operations items. Translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of shareholders’ equity. Use of Estimates Company management has made estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of certain assets and liabilities in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These estimates and assumptions have been applied using methodologies that are consistent throughout the periods presented with consideration given to the potential impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Cash Equivalents The Company’s cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments in money market funds, which are invested in U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agency securities as well as bank certificates of deposit with original maturities at purchase of three months or less. These deposits are typically in excess of U.S. insured limits. Cash equivalents are carried at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. Equity Investments The Company enters into certain strategic investments for the promotion of business and strategic objectives. The equity method of accounting is used if the Company’s ownership interest is greater than or equal to 20% but less than a majority or where the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. The Company’s equity in the earnings or losses in equity-method investments is recognized in Other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If the Company’s ownership interest is less than 20% and the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee, the Company accounts for these investments at fair value, or if these equity securities do not have a readily determinable fair value, these securities are measured and recorded using the measurement alternative under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments — Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” which is cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. Previously, these investments were accounted for under the cost method of accounting. These investments are recorded within Other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are periodically analyzed to determine whether or not there are indicators of impairment. Variable Interest Entities The Company evaluates its investments and other significant relationships to determine whether any investee is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). If the Company concludes that an investee is a VIE, the Company evaluates its power to direct the activities of the investee, its obligation to absorb the expected losses of the investee and its right to receive the expected residual returns of the investee to determine whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of the investee. If the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the Company consolidates such entity and reflects the non-controlling interest of other beneficiaries of that entity. The Company does not consolidate any cost method investment or equity method investment entities. 57 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value for all periods presented because of the short-term maturity of these assets and liabilities. The fair value of investments that are not accounted for under the equity method is based on appropriate market information. Inventories The Company values inventories at the lower of cost (first-in, first out) or net realizable value. The first-in, first-out method is used to value the cost of the majority of the Company’s inventories. Inventory write-downs are recorded for the valuation of inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value by analyzing market conditions and estimates of future sales prices as compared to inventory costs and inventory balances. The Company evaluates inventory balances for excess quantities and obsolescence on a regular basis by analyzing estimated demand, inventory on hand, sales levels and other information and reduces inventory balances to net realizable value for excess and obsolete inventory based on this analysis. Unanticipated changes in technology or customer demand could result in a decrease in demand for one or more of the Company’s products, which may require a write down of inventory that could materially affect operating results. Property, Plant and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The cost of property, plant and equipment is depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The Company’s buildings and improvements are depreciated over periods ranging from fifteen to thirty years . The majority of the Company’s machinery and equipment, software, and furniture and fixtures, are depreciated on a straight-line basis over a period of two to seven years . Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related lease terms. Business Combinations The application of acquisition accounting to a business combination requires that the Company identify the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed and estimate the fair value of each. The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business acquisition are recognized at the acquisition date using a combination of valuation techniques, with the purchase price exceeding the fair values being recognized as goodwill. Determining fair value of identifiable assets, particularly intangibles, liabilities acquired and contingent obligations assumed requires management to make estimates. In certain circumstances, the allocations of the excess purchase price are based upon preliminary estimates and assumptions and subject to revision when the Company receives final information, including appraisals and other analyses. Accordingly, the measurement period for such purchase price allocations will end when the information, or the facts and circumstances, becomes available, but will not exceed twelve months. The Company will recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period of resolution, including the effect on earnings of any amounts that would have been recorded in previous periods if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets often represent a significant portion of the assets acquired in a business combination. The Company recognizes the fair value of an acquired intangible apart from goodwill whenever the intangible arises from contractual or other legal rights, or when it can be separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, either individually or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. Intangible assets consist primarily of technology, customer relationships, and trade name and trademarks acquired in business combinations and in-process research and development (“IPR&D”). The Company’s assessment of IPR&D also includes consideration of the risk of the projects not achieving technological feasibility. 58 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets Goodwill is not amortized. Instead, it is tested for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. The Company performs an annual impairment test as of the beginning of its fourth quarter. The Company uses qualitative factors to determine whether goodwill is more likely than not impaired and whether a quantitative test for impairment is considered necessary. If the Company concludes from the qualitative assessment that goodwill is more likely than not impaired, the Company is required to perform a quantitative approach to determine the amount of impairment. The Company’s assessment resulted in no impairment of goodwill in 2022, 2021, or 2020. The Company is required to use judgment when applying the goodwill impairment test, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets, liabilities and goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. In addition, the estimates used to determine the fair value of reporting units may change based on results of operations, macroeconomic conditions or other factors. Changes in these estimates could materially affect the Company’s assessment of the fair value and goodwill impairment. If the Company’s stock price decreases significantly, goodwill could become impaired, which could result in a material charge and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations. IPR&D is an intangible asset accounted as an indefinite-lived asset until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development effort. During the development period, the Company conducts an IPR&D impairment test annually and whenever events or changes in facts and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the IPR&D is impaired. Events which might indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, adverse cost factors, strategic decisions made in response to economic, market, and competitive conditions, and the impact of the economic environment the Company and on its customer base. If impairment is indicated, the impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Other long-lived assets are depreciated or amortized over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern in which the economic benefits are expected to be received. Long-lived assets are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If impairment is indicated, the impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The estimates of fair value require evaluation of future market conditions and product lifecycles as well as projected revenue, earnings and cash flow. See Note 5, Supplemental Financial Statement Data , for additional disclosures related to the Company’s other intangible assets. Revenue and Accounts Receivable The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to the customer. The transaction price to be recognized as revenue is adjusted for variable consideration, such as sales incentives, and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties, including taxes imposed by governmental authorities. The Company’s performance obligations are typically not constrained based on the Company’s history with similar transactions and that uncertainties are resolved in a fairly short period of time. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is from the sale of tangible products for which the performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, generally upon delivery. The Company’s services revenue mainly includes professional service arrangements and post contract customer support, warranty as a service and maintenance contracts. The performance obligations for the Company’s services are generally satisfied ratably over the service period based on the nature of the service provided and contract terms. Similarly, revenue from patent licensing arrangements is recognized based on whether the arrangement provides the customer a right to use or right to access the IP. Revenue for a right to use arrangement is recognized at the time the control of the license is transferred to the customer. Revenue for a right to access arrangement is recognized over the contract period using the time lapse method. For the sales-based royalty arrangements, the Company estimates and recognizes revenue in the period in which customers’ licensable sales occur. The Company’s customer payment terms are typically less than two months from the date control over the product or service is transferred to the customer. The Company uses the practical expedient and does not recognize a significant financing component for payment considerations of less than one year. The financing components of contracts with payment terms were not material. 59 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Company provides distributors and retailers (collectively referred to as “resellers”) with limited price protection for inventories held by resellers at the time of published list price reductions. The Company also provides resellers and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) with other sales incentive programs. The Company records estimated variable consideration related to these items as a reduction to revenue at the time of revenue recognition. The Company uses judgment in its assessment of variable consideration in contracts to be included in the transaction price. The Company uses the expected value method to arrive at the amount of variable consideration. The Company constrains variable consideration until the likelihood of a significant revenue reversal is not probable and believes that the expected value method is the appropriate estimate of the amount of variable consideration based on the fact that the Company has a large number of contracts with similar characteristics. For sales to OEMs, the Company’s methodology for estimating variable consideration is based on the amount of consideration expected to be earned based on the OEMs’ volume of purchases from the Company or other agreed upon sales incentive programs. For sales to resellers, the Company’s methodology for estimating variable consideration is based on several factors including historical pricing information, current pricing trends and channel inventory levels. Differences between the estimated and actual amounts of variable consideration are recognized as adjustments to revenue. Marketing development program costs are typically recorded as a reduction of the transaction price and, therefore, of revenue. The Company nets sales rebates against open customer receivable balances if the criteria to offset are met, otherwise they are recorded within other accrued liabilities. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company evaluates whether each deliverable is a distinct promise and should be accounted for as a separate performance obligation. If a promised good or service is not distinct in accordance with the revenue guidance, the Company combines that good or service with the other promised goods or services in the arrangement until a distinct bundle of goods is identified. If applicable, the Company allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations of each distinct product or service, or distinct bundle, based on their relative standalone selling prices. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts by analyzing specific customer accounts and assessing the risk of loss based on insolvency or other collection issues. In addition, the Company routinely analyzes the various receivable aging categories to establish reserves based on a combination of past due receivables and expected future losses. If the financial condition of a significant customer deteriorates resulting in its inability to pay its accounts when due, or if the Company’s overall loss trajectory changes significantly, an adjustment in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts would be required, which could materially affect operating results. Warranty The Company records an accrual for estimated warranty costs when revenue is recognized. The Company generally warrants its products for a period of one to five years , with a small number of products having a warranty ranging up to ten years or more. The warranty provision considers estimated product failure rates and trends, estimated replacement costs, estimated repair costs which include scrap costs and estimated costs for customer compensatory claims related to product quality issues, if any. For warranties ten years or greater, including lifetime warranties, the Company uses the estimated useful life of the product to calculate the warranty exposure. A statistical warranty tracking model is used to help prepare estimates and assist the Company in exercising judgment in determining the underlying estimates. The statistical tracking model captures specific detail on product reliability, such as factory test data, historical field return rates and costs to repair by product type. Management’s judgment is subject to a greater degree of subjectivity with respect to newly introduced products because of limited field experience with those products upon which to base warranty estimates. Management reviews the warranty accrual quarterly for products shipped in prior periods and which are still under warranty. Any changes in the estimates underlying the accrual may result in adjustments that impact current period gross profit and income. Such changes are generally a result of differences between forecasted and actual return rate experience and costs to repair and could differ significantly from the estimates. 60 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Litigation and Other Contingencies When the Company becomes aware of a claim or potential claim, the Company assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. The Company discloses information regarding each material claim where the likelihood of a loss contingency is probable or reasonably possible. If a loss contingency is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company records an accrual for the loss. In such cases, there may be an exposure to potential loss in excess of the amount accrued. Where a loss is not probable but is reasonably possible or where a loss in excess of the amount accrued is reasonably possible, the Company discloses an estimate of the amount of the loss or range of possible losses for the claim if a reasonable estimate can be made, unless the amount of such reasonably possible losses is not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The ability to predict the ultimate outcome of such matters involves judgments, estimates and inherent uncertainties. The actual outcome of such matters could differ materially from management’s estimates. See Note 17, Legal Proceedings, for additional disclosures related to the Company’s litigation. Advertising Expense Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $ 88 million, $ 84 million and $ 93 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These expenses are included in Selling, general and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Research and Development Expense Research and development (“R&D”) expenditures are expensed as incurred. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which provides that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and expected benefits of utilizing net operating loss (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Each quarter, the Company evaluates the need for a valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets and adjusts the valuation allowance so that the Company records net deferred tax assets only to the extent that it has concluded it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company accounts for interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of the provision for income taxes. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. To the extent a tax position does not meet a more-likely-than-not level of certainty, no benefit is recognized in the financial statements. If a position meets the more-likely-than-not level of certainty, it is recognized in the financial statements at the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in liabilities recorded for uncertain tax positions and are recorded in the provision for income taxes. The actual liability for unrealized tax benefits in any such contingency may be materially different from the Company’s estimates, which could result in the need to record additional liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits or potentially adjust previously-recorded liabilities for unrealized tax benefits, and may materially affect the Company’s operating results. Income per Common Share The Company computes basic income per common share using net income and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per common share is computed using net income and the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include dilutive outstanding employee stock options, restricted stock unit awards (“RSU”), restricted stock unit awards with performance conditions or market conditions (“PSU”), rights to purchase shares of common stock under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and shares issuable in connection with convertible debt. 61 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Stock-based Compensation The Company accounts for all stock-based compensation at fair value. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting period. The fair values of RSUs and PSUs with a performance condition are determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the date of the grant. The fair values of all ESPP purchase rights are estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model and require the input of highly subjective assumptions. The fair values of PSUs with a market condition are estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. PSUs are granted to certain employees and vest only after the achievement of pre-determined performance or market conditions. Once these conditions are met, vesting of PSUs is subject to continued service by the employee. At the end of each reporting period, the Company evaluates the probability that PSUs with a performance condition will be earned and records the related stock-based compensation expense over the service period. Compensation expense for PSUs with market conditions is recognized ratably over the required service period regardless of expected or actual achievement. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. The Company’s other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax is primarily comprised of unrealized gains or losses on foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges, foreign currency translation, and actuarial gains or losses related to pensions. Derivative Contracts The majority of the Company’s transactions are in U.S. dollars; however, some transactions are based in various foreign currencies. The Company purchases foreign exchange contracts to hedge the impact of foreign currency exchange fluctuations on certain underlying assets, liabilities and commitments for Operating expenses and product costs denominated in foreign currencies. The purpose of entering into these hedging transactions is to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on the Company’s results of operations. Substantially all of these contract maturity dates do not exceed 12 months. All foreign exchange contracts are for risk management purposes only. The Company does not purchase foreign exchange contracts for speculative or trading purposes. The Company had foreign exchange contracts with commercial banks for British pound sterling, European euro, Japanese yen, Malaysian ringgit, Philippine peso, Thai baht, Korean won and Israeli shekel, which had an aggregate notional amount of $ 6.07 billion and $ 4.88 billion at July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, respectively. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge and is determined to be highly effective, the change in fair value of the derivative is initially deferred in Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. These amounts are subsequently recognized into earnings when the underlying cash flow being hedged is recognized into earnings. Recognized gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts are reported in Cost of revenue and Operating expenses, and presented within cash flows from operating activities. The Company accounts for its interest rate swaps as designated cash flow hedges to mitigate variations in interest payments under a portion of its Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)-based term loans. The Company pays interest monthly at a fixed rate and receives interest monthly at the SO FR on the notional amoun t of the contract with realized gains or losses recognized in Interest expense. Hedge effectiveness is measured by comparing the hedging instrument’s cumulative change in fair value from inception to maturity to the underlying exposure’s terminal value. The Company determined the ineffectiveness associated with its cash flow hedges to be immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements for all years presented. A change in the fair value of undesignated hedges is recognized in earnings in the period incurred and is reported in Other income, net. 62 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Pensions and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans The Company has defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement plans covering certain employees in various countries. The benefits are based on the employees’ years of service and compensation. The plans are funded in conformity with the funding requirements of applicable government authorities. The Company amortizes unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated average service life of the participants. The measurement date for the plans is the Company’s year-end. The Company recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with actuarial changes in the funded status recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the year in which such changes occur. The Company reports the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. In addition, the other components of net benefit cost are presented in Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Leases Effective June 29, 2019, the first day of the year ended July 3, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”) which resulted in an after-tax decrease to opening retained earnings of $ 5 million for the cumulative effect of adoption, primarily due to previously recorded sublease proceed assumptions on lease exit liabilities for which there was no expected future economic benefit at transition. The Company leases certain domestic and international facilities and data center space under long-term, non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2034. These leases include no material variable or contingent lease payments. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the remaining lease payments discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Operating lease assets also include prepaid lease payments minus any lease incentives. Extension or termination options present in the Company’s lease agreements are included in determining the right-of-use asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 63 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The ASU also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. The Company adopted this ASU on July 3, 2021, the first day of the year ended July 1, 2022, with no material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 reduces the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock and results in fewer instruments with embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract as compared with current standards. Those instruments that do not have a separately recognized embedded conversion feature will no longer recognize a debt issuance discount related to such a conversion feature and would recognize less interest expense on a periodic basis. Additionally, the ASU amends the calculation of the share dilution impact related to a conversion feature and eliminates the treasury method as an option. The Company adopted the new standard effective July 2, 2022, the first day of the year ending June 30, 2023, using the modified retrospective method. On the date of adoption, the Company recorded a reduction in Additional Paid-In Capital of $ 128 million, a reduction of unamortized debt discount of $ 48 million, a reduction of deferred income tax liabilities of $ 11 million, and an increase to retained earnings of $ 91 million retained earnings for 2023 for the after-tax impact of previously recognized amortization of the debt discount associated with the Co mpany’s convertible senior notes. In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, “Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance” (“ASU 2021-10”). ASU 2021-10 increases the transparency of government assistance received by requiring most business entities to disclose information about government assistance received, including (1) the types of assistance, (2) the entity’s accounting for the assistance, and (3) the effect of the assistance on an entity’s financial statements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those fiscal years) beginning after December 15, 2021, which for the Company is the first quarter of 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects to adopt this standard in the first quarter of 2023 and does not expect any material impact from the adoption of this standard. 64 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 3. Business Segments, Geographic Information, and Concentrations of Risk The following table summarizes the operating performance of the Company’s reportable segments: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions, except percentages) Net revenue: Flash $ 9,753 $ 8,706 $ 7,769 HDD 9,040 8,216 8,967 Total net revenue $ 18,793 $ 16,922 $ 16,736 Gross profit: Flash $ 3,527 $ 2,611 $ 1,903 HDD 2,661 2,221 2,602 Total gross profit for segments 6,188 4,832 4,505 Unallocated corporate items: Amortization of acquired intangible assets ( 66 ) ( 331 ) ( 610 ) Stock-based compensation expense ( 48 ) ( 55 ) ( 51 ) Contamination related charges ( 207 ) — — Recoveries from a power outage incident 7 75 ( 68 ) Other — — 5 Total unallocated corporate items ( 314 ) ( 311 ) ( 724 ) Consolidated gross profit $ 5,874 $ 4,521 $ 3,781 Gross margin: Flash 36.2 % 30.0 % 24.5 % HDD 29.4 % 27.0 % 29.0 % Consolidated gross margin 31.3 % 26.7 % 22.6 % Goodwill In connection with the Company’s determination of its operating segments, effective July 3, 2021, the Company determined that its operating segments were also its reporting units and re-allocated its goodwill between its reporting units based on the estimated relative fair values of the reporting units. In addition, management performed a goodwill impairment assessment for each segment and concluded there were no impairment indicators as of July 1, 2022. In May 2022, the Company made a decision to exit its RISC-V development operations and completed the sale of the portion of its business for a price of $ 25 million. The sale of this business included the transfer of a small number of employees and an immaterial amount of other tangible and intangible assets as well as goodwill. The transaction resulted in a gain of approximately $ 9 million recorded in Employee termination, asset impairment, and other charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal year ended July 1, 2022. The revenues and expenses related to this business were not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements and did not qualify to be reported as a discontinued operation. The operating results of this business have been reflected in the Company’s results from continuing operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented through the date of disposition. 65 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The following table provides a summary of goodwill activity for the period: Flash HDD Total (in millions) Balance at July 2, 2021 $ 5,738 $ 4,328 $ 10,066 Reduction in goodwill in connection with disposition of business ( 14 ) — ( 14 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment ( 6 ) ( 5 ) ( 11 ) Balance at July 1, 2022 $ 5,718 $ 4,323 $ 10,041 Disaggregated Revenue The Company’s broad portfolio of technology and products address multiple end markets. In 2022, the Company refined the end markets it reports to be Cloud, Client and Consumer. Cloud represents a large and growing end market comprised primarily of products for public or private cloud environments and enterprise customers, which the Company believes it is uniquely positioned to address as the only provider of both Flash and HDD. Through the Client end market, the Company provides its OEM and channel customers a broad array of high-performance flash and hard drive solutions across personal computer, mobile, gaming, automotive, virtual reality headsets, at-home entertainment, and industrial spaces. The Consumer end market is highlighted by the Company’s broad range of retail and other end-user products, which capitalize on the strength of the Company’s product brand recognition and vast points of presence around the world. The Company’s disaggregated revenue information is as follows: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Revenue by End Market Cloud $ 8,017 $ 5,723 $ 7,018 Client 7,076 7,281 6,335 Consumer 3,700 3,918 3,383 Total Revenue $ 18,793 $ 16,922 $ 16,736 66 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Company’s operations outside the United States include manufacturing facilities in China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, as well as sales offices throughout the Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe and the Middle East. The following tables summarize the Company’s operations by geographic area: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Net revenue (1) United States $ 5,411 $ 3,789 $ 4,679 China 4,525 4,339 4,075 Hong Kong 3,645 3,624 2,592 Rest of Asia 1,884 1,492 1,699 Europe, Middle East and Africa 2,872 3,061 2,926 Other 456 617 765 Total $ 18,793 $ 16,922 $ 16,736 (1) Net revenue is attributed to geographic regions based on the ship-to location of the customer. License and royalty revenue is attributed to countries based upon the location of the headquarters of the licensee. 2022 2021 (in millions) Long-lived assets (1) United States $ 1,130 $ 1,068 Malaysia 831 632 China 441 395 Thailand 816 651 Rest of Asia 406 398 Europe, Middle East and Africa 46 44 Total $ 3,670 $ 3,188 (1) Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment and are attributed to the geographic location in which they are located. Customer Concentration and Credit Risk The Company sells its products to computer manufacturers and OEMs, cloud service providers, resellers, distributors and retailers throughout the world. For each of 2022, 2021 and 2020, no customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net revenue. For 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s top 10 customers accounted for 45 %, 39 %, and 42 % respectively, of the Company’s net revenue. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral. The Company maintains allowances for potential credit losses, and such losses have historically been within management’s expectations. At any given point in time, the total amount outstanding from any one of a number of its customers may be individually significant to the Company’s financial results. As of July 1, 2022, the Company had net accounts receivable of $ 2.8 billion, and no customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable. As of July 2, 2021, the Company had net accounts receivable of $ 2.3 billion, and one customer, Kingston Technology Company, accounted for 12 % of the Company’s net accounts receivable. Reserves for potential credit losses were not material as of each period end. 67 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Company also has cash equivalent and investment policies that limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution or investment instrument and requires that investments be made only with financial institutions or in investment instruments evaluated as highly credit-worthy. Supplier Concentration All of the Company’s Flash require silicon wafers for the memory and controller components. The Company’s flash memory wafers are currently supplied almost entirely from Flash Ventures (as defined in Note 10) and the Company’s controller wafers are all manufactured by third-party sources. The failure of any of these sources to deliver silicon wafers could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, some key components are purchased from single source vendors for which alternative sources are currently not available. Shortages could occur in these essential materials due to an interruption of supply or increased demand in the industry. If the Company was unable to procure certain of such materials, the Company’s sales could decline, which could have a material adverse effect upon its results of operations. The Company also relies on third-party subcontractors to assemble and test a portion of its products. The Company does not have long-term contracts with some of these subcontractors and cannot directly control product delivery schedules or manufacturing processes. This could lead to product shortages or quality assurance problems that could increase the manufacturing costs of the Company’s products and have material adverse effects on the Company’s operating results. 68 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 4. Revenues Contract assets represent the Company’s rights to consideration where performance obligations are completed but the customer payments are not due until another performance obligation is satisfied. The Company did not have any contract assets as of either July 1, 2022 or July 2, 2021. Contract liabilities relate to customers’ payments in advance of performance under the contract and primarily relate to remaining performance obligations under professional service and support and maintenance contracts. Contract liabilities as of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021 and changes in contract liabilities during 2022 and 2021 were not material. The Company incurs sales commissions and other direct incremental costs to obtain sales contracts. The Company has applied the practical expedient to recognize the direct incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period is expected to be one year or less or the amount is not material, with these costs charged to Selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company had no direct incremental costs to obtain contracts that have an expected benefit of greater than one year. The Company applies the practical expedients and does not disclose transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations for (i) arrangements that have an original expected duration of one year or less, which mainly consist of the support and maintenance contracts, and (ii) variable consideration amounts for sale-based or usage-based royalties for IP license arrangements, which typically range longer than one year. Remaining performance obligations are mainly attributed to right-to-access patent license arrangements, professional service arrangements and customer support and service contracts which will be recognized over the remaining contract period. The transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations as of July 1, 2022 was $ 45 million, which is mainly attributable to the functional IP license and professional service arrangements. The Company expects to recognize this amount as revenue as follows: $ 43 million in 2023, and $ 2 million in 2024 and thereafter. 69 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 5. Supplemental Financial Statement Data Accounts receivable, net From time to time, in connection with factoring agreements, the Company sells trade accounts receivable without recourse to third party purchasers in exchange for cash. In 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company sold trade accounts receivable and received cash proceeds of $ 400 million, $ 233 million and $ 411 million, respectively. The discounts on the trade accounts receivable sold during the periods were not material and were recorded within Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, the amount of factored receivables that remained outstanding was $ 300 million and $ 0 million , respectively. Inventories July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 (in millions) Inventories: Raw materials and component parts $ 1,603 $ 1,623 Work-in-process 1,162 1,088 Finished goods 873 905 Total inventories $ 3,638 $ 3,616 Property, plant and equipment, net July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 (in millions) Property, plant and equipment: Land $ 269 $ 278 Buildings and improvements 1,920 1,854 Machinery and equipment 8,642 7,860 Computer equipment and software 494 440 Furniture and fixtures 54 51 Construction-in-process 591 476 Property, plant and equipment, gross 11,970 10,959 Accumulated depreciation ( 8,300 ) ( 7,771 ) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 3,670 $ 3,188 Depreciation expense for property, plant and equipment totaled $ 708 million, $ 726 million and $ 797 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 70 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Intangible assets The following tables present intangible assets as of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021: July 1, 2022 Weighted Average Amortization Period Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount (in years) (in millions) Finite: Existing technology 3 $ 4,231 $ ( 4,231 ) $ — Trade names and trademarks 7 648 ( 573 ) 75 Customer relationships 6 613 ( 555 ) 58 Leasehold interests 31 1 ( 1 ) — Total finite intangible assets 5,493 ( 5,360 ) 133 In-process research and development 80 — 80 Total intangible assets $ 5,573 $ ( 5,360 ) $ 213 July 2, 2021 Weighted Average Amortization Period Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount (in years) (in millions) Finite: Existing technology 3 $ 4,231 $ ( 4,165 ) $ 66 Trade names and trademarks 7 647 ( 486 ) 161 Customer relationships 6 618 ( 491 ) 127 Leasehold interests 31 12 ( 4 ) 8 Total finite intangible assets 5,508 ( 5,146 ) 362 In-process research and development 80 — 80 Total intangible assets $ 5,588 $ ( 5,146 ) $ 442 As part of prior acquisitions, the Company recorded at the time of the acquisition acquired IPR&D for projects in progress that had not yet reached technological feasibility. IPR&D is initially accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. Once a project reaches technological feasibility, the Company reclassifies the balance to existing technology and begins to amortize the intangible asset over its estimated useful life. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company did no t record any impairment charges related to intangible assets. Intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful lives based on the pattern in which the economic benefits are expected to be received. Intangible asset amortization was as follows: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Intangible asset amortization $ 221 $ 486 $ 769 The remaining $ 133 million estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets currently subject to amortization as of July 1, 2022, will be fully recognized in 2023. 71 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Product warranty liability Changes in the warranty accrual were as follows: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Warranty accrual, beginning of period $ 363 $ 408 $ 350 Charges to operations 146 137 203 Utilization ( 103 ) ( 106 ) ( 151 ) Changes in estimate related to pre-existing warranties ( 61 ) ( 76 ) 6 Warranty accrual, end of period $ 345 $ 363 $ 408 The current portion of the warranty accrual is classified in Accrued expenses and the long-term portion is classified in Other liabilities as noted below: 2022 2021 (in millions) Warranty accrual Current portion (included in Accrued expenses) $ 162 $ 175 Long-term portion (included in Other liabilities) 183 188 Total warranty accrual $ 345 $ 363 Other liabilities 2022 2021 (in millions) Other liabilities: Non-current net tax payable $ 659 $ 684 Non-current portion of unrecognized tax benefits 477 750 Other non-current liabilities 643 633 Total other liabilities $ 1,779 $ 2,067 72 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), net of tax refers to expenses, gains and losses that are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. The following table illustrates the changes in the balances of each component of AOCI: Actuarial Pension Gains (Losses) Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Contracts Total Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in millions) Balance at July 3, 2020 $ ( 58 ) $ ( 2 ) $ ( 97 ) $ ( 157 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 27 ( 36 ) 42 33 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — — ( 75 ) ( 75 ) Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive loss ( 4 ) — 6 2 Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 23 ( 36 ) ( 27 ) ( 40 ) Balance at July 2, 2021 ( 35 ) ( 38 ) ( 124 ) ( 197 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 26 ( 239 ) ( 352 ) ( 565 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — — 172 172 Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) ( 2 ) — 38 36 Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 24 ( 239 ) ( 142 ) ( 357 ) Balance at July 1, 2022 $ ( 11 ) $ ( 277 ) $ ( 266 ) $ ( 554 ) During 2022 and 2021, the amounts reclassified out of AOCI included losses of $ 125 million and $ 50 million related to foreign exchange contracts and losses of $ 47 million and $ 25 million related to interest rate swaps, respectively. The losses related to interest rate swaps were charged to interest expense and losses related to foreign contracts were substantially all charged to cost of revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. 73 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 6. Fair Value Measurements and Investments Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value Financial assets and liabilities that are remeasured and reported at fair value at each reporting period are classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels: Level 1. Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2. Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3. Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such values: July 1, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Assets: Cash equivalents - Money market funds $ 266 $ — $ — $ 266 Foreign exchange contracts — 61 — 61 Interest rate swap contracts — 3 — 3 Total assets at fair value $ 266 $ 64 $ — $ 330 Liabilities: Foreign exchange contracts $ — $ 316 $ — $ 316 Total liabilities at fair value $ — $ 316 $ — $ 316 July 2, 2021 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Assets: Cash equivalents - Money market funds $ 1,283 $ — $ — $ 1,283 Foreign exchange contracts — 14 — 14 Total assets at fair value $ 1,283 $ 14 $ — $ 1,297 Liabilities: Foreign exchange contracts $ — $ 65 $ — $ 65 Interest rate swap contracts — 80 — 80 Total liabilities at fair value $ — $ 145 $ — $ 145 Money Market Funds. The Company’s money market funds are funds that invest in U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government agency securities. Money market funds are valued based on quoted market prices. 74 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Foreign Exchange Contracts. The Company’s foreign exchange contracts are short-term contracts to hedge the Company’s foreign currency risk. Foreign exchange contracts are valued using an income approach that is based on a present value of future cash flows model. The market-based observable inputs for the model include forward rates and credit default swap rates. For more information on the Company’s foreign exchange contracts, see Note 7, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities . Derivative assets and liabilities are reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet under Other current assets and Accrued expenses, respectively. Interest Rate Swaps. The Company’s interest rate swaps are long-term contracts to hedge the Company’s variable rate debt risk. Interest rate swaps are valued based on estimated present value of future cash flows model. The market-based observable inputs for the model include interest rate curves and credit valuation adjustments based on published credit default swap curves. During 2022 and 2021, the Company had no transfers of financial assets and liabilities between levels and there were no changes in valuation techniques and the inputs used in the fair value measurement. Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value For financial instruments where the carrying value (which includes principal adjusted for any unamortized issuance costs, and discounts or premiums) differs from fair value (which is based on quoted market prices), the following table represents the related carrying value and fair value for each of the Company’s outstanding financial instruments. Each of the financial instruments presented below was categorized as Level 2 for all periods presented, based on the frequency of trading immediately prior to the end of the fourth quarter of 2022 and the fourth quarter of 2021, respectively. July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value (in millions) 1.50 % convertible notes due 2024 $ 1,048 $ 1,040 $ 1,017 $ 1,173 4.75 % senior unsecured notes due 2026 2,291 2,205 2,288 2,556 Variable interest rate Term Loan A-2 maturing 2027 2,693 2,621 — — 2.85 % senior unsecured notes due 2029 495 412 — — 3.10 % senior unsecured notes due 2032 495 389 — — Variable interest rate Term Loan B-4 — — 1,093 1,094 Variable interest rate Term Loan A-1 — — 4,327 4,346 Total $ 7,022 $ 6,667 $ 8,725 $ 9,169 75 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 7. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities As of July 1, 2022, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts that were designated as either cash flow hedges or non-designated hedges. Substantially all of the contract maturity dates of these foreign exchange forward contracts do not exceed 12 months. In addition, the Company had outstanding pay-fixed interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate interest payments on a portion of its term loans through February 2023. As of July 1, 2022, the Company did not have any derivative contracts with credit-risk-related contingent features. Changes in fair values of the non-designated foreign exchange contracts are recognized in Other income, net and are largely offset by corresponding changes in the fair values of the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. For each of 2022, 2021 and 2020, total net realized and unrealized transaction and foreign exchange contract currency gains and losses were not material to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Netting Arrangements Under certain provisions and conditions within agreements with counterparties to the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts, subject to applicable requirements, the Company has the right of offset associated with the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts and is allowed to net settle transactions of the same currency with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. As of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, the effect of rights of offset was not material and the Company did not offset or net the fair value amounts of derivative instruments in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. 76 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 8. Debt Debt consisted of the following as of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021: July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 (in millions) 1.50 % convertible notes due 2024 $ 1,100 $ 1,100 4.75 % senior unsecured notes due 2026 2,300 2,300 Variable interest rate Term Loan A-2 maturing 2027 2,700 — 2.85 % senior unsecured notes due 2029 500 — 3.10 % senior unsecured notes due 2032 500 — Variable interest rate Term Loan A-1 — 4,332 Variable interest rate Term Loan B-4 — 1,093 Total debt 7,100 8,825 Issuance costs and debt discounts ( 78 ) ( 100 ) Subtotal 7,022 8,725 Less current portion of long-term debt — ( 251 ) Long-term debt $ 7,022 $ 8,474 On January 7, 2022, the Company entered into a restatement agreement (the “Restatement Agreement”) to amend and restate the Loan Agreement, originally dated as of April 29, 2016 (including subsequent amendments and the Restatement Agreement, collectively, the “Loan Agreement”), to provide for, among other things, (i) the issuance of a new $ 3.00 billion Term Loan A-2 maturing in January 2027 (the “Term Loan A-2”) to replace its previously existing Term Loan A-1; and (ii) the availability of a new $ 2.25 billion revolving credit facility maturing in January 2027 (the “2027 Revolving Facility”) to replace its previously existing $ 2.25 billion revolving credit facility and (iii) additional covenant flexibility and other modifications. The obligations under the Loan Agreement are the senior unsecured obligations of the Company and do not benefit from any collateral or subsidiary guarantees. The Term Loan A-2 Loan bears interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate equal to either (x) the Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Loan Agreement) plus an applicable margin varying from 1.125 % to 2.000 % or (y) a base rate plus an applicable margin varying from 0.125 % to 1.000 %, in each case depending on the corporate family ratings of the Company from at least two of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”), with an initial interest rate of Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.375 %. During 2022, the Company made scheduled and voluntary principal payments aggregating $ 300 million on its Term Loan A-2. $ 150 million was applied toward scheduled amortization through the quarter ending September 29, 2023 and the remainder towards the principal due at maturity. As of July 1, 2022, the remaining balance of Term Loan A-2 amortizes in quarterly installments of $ 38 million per quarter beginning with the quarter ending December 29, 2023; and the remaining balance payable at maturity on January 7, 2027. Issuance costs for Term Loan A-2 are amortized to interest expense over its term and unamortized costs were $ 7 million as of July 1, 2022. Loans under the 2027 Revolving Facility bear interest at a per annum rate, at the Company’s option, equal to either (x) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as defined in the Loan Agreement) plus an applicable margin varying from 1.125 % to 2.000 % or (y) a base rate plus an applicable margin varying from 0.125 % to 1.000 %, in each case depending on the corporate family ratings of the Company from at least two of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch, with an initial rate of Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.375 %. The Company is also required to pay an unused commitment fee on the 2027 Revolving Facility ranging from 0.120 % to 0.350 % based on the corporate family ratings of the Company from at least two of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch, with an initial unused commitment fee of 0.200 %. In October 2021, the Company voluntarily prepaid the remaining principal balance of its Term Loan B-4 in accordance with its terms. 77 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) In December 2021, the Company issued $ 500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.850 % senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2029 (the “2029 Senior Unsecured Notes”) and issued $ 500 million aggregate principal amount of 3.100 % senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2032 (the “2032 Senior Unsecured Notes”) pursuant to the terms of an indenture, dated as of December 10, 2021 (the “Base Indenture”) between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by the first supplemental indenture dated as of December 10, 2021 (the “First Supplemental Indenture”) between the Company and the Trustee. As used herein, “Indenture” means the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture. The Indenture contains certain restrictive covenants which are subject to a number of limitations and exceptions. Interest for both the 2029 Senior Unsecured Notes and 2032 Senior Unsecured Notes is payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The Company is not required to make principal payments on either the 2029 Senior Unsecured Notes or 2032 Senior Unsecured Notes prior to their maturity dates. In accordance with the Loan Agreement, the Company is required to comply with a leverage ratio financial covenant. As of July 1, 2022, the Company was in compliance with this financial covenant. In February 2018, the Company issued $ 1.10 billion aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due February 1, 2024 (the “2024 Convertible Notes”). The 2024 Convertible Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 1.50 % with interest payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The Company is not required to make principal payments on the 2024 Convertible Notes prior to the maturity date. Holders of the 2024 Convertible Notes may freely convert their 2024 Convertible Notes on or after November 1, 2023 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date at an initial conversion price of $ 121.91 per share of common stock. Prior to November 1, 2023, holders may convert their 2024 Convertible Notes based on variations in market price of the Company’s common stock in relation to the conversion price or the trading price of the 2024 Convertible Notes or upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. As of July 1, 2022, the Company is required to settle any conversion value with the principal amount of the 2024 Convertible Notes settled in cash and any excess value in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, pursuant to the terms of an indenture, dated as of February 13, 2018 between the Company, HGST, Inc., WD Media, LLC, Western Digital (Fremont), LLC, Western Digital Technologies, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by the first supplemental indenture dated as of June 30, 2022 (the “First Supplemental Indenture”) between the Company and the Trustee. Prior to June 30, 2022, any conversion value on the 2024 Convertible Notes could be settled in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof. As of July 1, 2022, none of the conditions allowing holders of the Convertible Notes to convert had been met. Since February 5, 2021, the Company may redeem all or part of the 2024 Convertible Notes, at its option, if the market price of the Company’s stock achieves certain levels. Through July 1, 2022, the Company had separately accounted for the liability and equity components of the 2024 Convertible Notes. The value of the liability component as of the date of issuance was recognized at the present value of its cash flows using a discount rate of 4.375 %, the Company’s borrowing rate at the date of the issuance for a similar debt instrument without the conversion feature, resulting in a debt discount of $ 165 million, which was allocated to equity as the value of the conversion feature. The 2024 Convertible Notes debt issuance costs were approximately $ 18 million, of which $ 15 million was allocated to the debt component and $ 3 million was allocated to equity. The debt discount and issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2024 Convertible Notes. As of July 1, 2022, debt discount and issuance costs of $ 52 million remained unamortized. See Note 2, Recent Accounting pronouncements, for a discussion of a change in accounting that became effective July 2, 2022. In February 2018, the Company issued $ 2.30 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due February 15, 2026 (the “2026 Senior Unsecured Notes”). The 2026 Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 4.750 % with interest payable on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The Company is not required to make principal payments on the 2026 Senior Unsecured Notes prior to the maturity date. Issuance costs for the 2026 Senior Unsecured Notes are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Senior Unsecured Notes and as of July 1, 2022, issuance costs of $ 9 million remained unamortized. 78 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Loan Agreement requires the Company to comply with a maximum total funded debt to trailing twelve-month Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA ratio financial covenant. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) plus interest expense, income tax expense (benefit) and depreciation and amortization, as well as other contractual adjustments as provided for in the Loan Agreement, including, for purposes of the financial covenants, an addback for certain depreciation-related payments made to the Company’s Flash Ventures. As of July 1, 2022, the Company was in compliance with these financial covenants under the Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement also requires the Company and its subsidiaries to comply with customary covenants that include, among others, limitations on the incurrence of additional debt, liens on property, certain asset sales, mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolutions. In addition, the indentures governing the Company’s 2026 Senior Unsecured Notes, 2029 Senior Unsecured Notes, 2032 Senior Unsecured Notes and the 2024 Convertible Notes each contain various restrictive covenants, which include limitations on the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of their assets; create liens; and incur, assume or guarantee additional indebtedness. Future Debt Payments As of July 1, 2022, required annual future debt payments were as follows: Future Debt Payments (in millions) Fiscal year: 2024 $ 1,213 2025 150 2026 2,450 2027 2,287 2028 and thereafter 1,000 Total debt maturities 7,100 Issuance costs and debt discounts ( 78 ) Net carrying value $ 7,022 79 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 9. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans The Company has pension and other post-retirement benefit plans in various countries. The Company’s principal pension plans are in Japan, Thailand and the Philippines. All pension and other post-retirement benefit plans outside of the Company’s Japan, Thailand and the Philippines defined benefit pension plans (the “Pension Plans”) are immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Obligations and Funded Status The following table presents the unfunded status of the benefit obligations for the Pension Plans: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Change in benefit obligation: Projected benefit obligation at beginning of period $ 359 $ 366 $ 352 Service cost 15 16 13 Interest cost 5 5 4 Plan amendments 9 — — Actuarial loss (gain) ( 31 ) ( 5 ) 3 Benefits paid ( 9 ) ( 11 ) ( 8 ) Settlement/curtailment — — — Non-U.S. currency movement ( 54 ) ( 12 ) 2 Projected benefit obligation at end of period 294 359 366 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period 227 215 209 Actual return on plan assets — 20 4 Employer contributions 10 11 9 Benefits paid ( 7 ) ( 11 ) ( 8 ) Non-U.S. currency movement ( 41 ) ( 8 ) 1 Fair value of plan assets at end of period 189 227 215 Unfunded status $ 105 $ 132 $ 151 The following table presents the unfunded amounts related to the Pension Plans as recognized on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets: July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 (in millions) Current liabilities $ 1 $ 1 Non-current liabilities 104 131 Net amount recognized $ 105 $ 132 The accumulated benefit obligation for the Pension Plans was $ 294 million at July 1, 2022. As of July 1, 2022, the Accumulated Other Income pension balance was $ 13 million. There were no material prior service credits for the defined benefit pension plans recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 1, 2022. Net periodic benefit costs were not material for 2022, 2021, and 2020. 80 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Assumptions Weighted-Average Assumptions The weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine the projected benefit obligations for the Pension Plans were as follows: 2022 2021 2020 Discount rate 2.3 % 1.4 % 1.1 % Rate of compensation increase 2.3 % 2.0 % 2.0 % The weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine benefit costs for the Pension Plans were as follows: 2022 2021 2020 Discount rate 1.4 % 1.1 % 1.1 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 2.5 % 2.5 % 2.5 % Rate of compensation increase 2.0 % 2.0 % 1.7 % The Company develops a discount rate by calculating when the estimated benefit payments will be due. Management then matches the benefit payments to high quality bonds which match the timing of the expected benefit payments to determine the appropriate discount rate. The Company develops the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets by analyzing rates of return in each plan as well as the investment portfolio applicable to the plan depending on each plan’s economic environment. The Company’s estimates of future rates of return on assets is based in large part on the projected rate of return from the respective investment managers using a long-term view of historical returns, as well as actuarial recommendations using the most current generational and mortality tables and rates. As of July 1, 2022, Pension Plan assets materially consisted of plan assets related to the Japan Pension Plan and as such the assumption used herein is primarily related to the Japan Pension Plan. The Company develops the rate of compensation increase assumptions using local compensation practices and historical rates of increases. Plan Assets Investment Policies and Strategies The investment policy in the Pension Plans is to generate a stable return on investments over a long-term horizon in order to have adequate pension funds to meet the Company’s future obligations. In order to achieve this investment goal, a diversified portfolio with target asset allocation and expected rate of return is established by considering factors such as composition of participants, level of funded status, capacity to absorb risks and the current economic environment. The target asset allocation is 55 % in debt securities, 30 % in equity securities, and the remaining 15 % in other assets. Risk management is accomplished through diversification, periodic review of plan asset performance and appropriate realignment of asset allocation. Assumptions regarding the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets are periodically reviewed and are based on the historical trend of returns, the risk and correlation of each asset and the latest economic environment. The expected long-term rate of return is estimated based on many factors, including expected forecast for inflation, risk premiums for each asset class, expected asset allocation, current and future financial market conditions and diversification and rebalancing strategies. Historical return patterns and correlations, consensus return forecasts and other relevant financial factors are analyzed periodically by the investment advisor so as to ensure that the expected long-term rate of return is reasonable and appropriate. 81 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Fair Value Measurements The following tables present the Pension Plans’ major asset categories and their associated fair values and net asset values as of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021: July 1, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Plan assets measured at fair value: Equity: Equity commingled/mutual funds (1)(2) $ — $ 63 $ — $ 63 Fixed income: Fixed income commingled/mutual funds (1)(3) — 95 — 95 Net plan assets subject to leveling — 158 — 158 Real estate investment trust at net asset value 31 Total investments at fair value $ — $ 158 $ — $ 189 July 2, 2021 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Plan assets measured at fair value: Equity: Equity commingled/mutual funds (1)(2) $ — $ 73 $ — $ 73 Fixed income: Fixed income commingled/mutual funds (1)(3) — 123 — 123 Net plan assets subject to leveling — 196 — 196 Real estate investment trust at net asset value 30 Total investments at fair value $ — $ 196 $ — $ 226 (1) Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments. (2) Equity mutual funds invest primarily in equity securities. (3) Fixed income mutual funds invest primarily in fixed income securities. There were no significant movements of assets between any level categories in 2022 or 2021. Fair Value Valuation Techniques Equity securities are valued at the closing price reported on the stock exchange on which the individual securities are traded. Equity commingled/mutual funds are typically valued using the net asset value (“NAV”) provided by the investment manager or administrator of the fund. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of shares or units outstanding. These assets are classified as either Level 1 or Level 2, depending on availability of quoted market prices for identical or similar assets. If available, fixed income securities are valued using the close price reported on the major market on which the individual securities are traded and are classified as Level 1. The fair value of other fixed income securities is typically estimated using pricing models and quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics and is generally classified as Level 2. Cash equivalents includes money market accounts that are valued at their cost plus interest on a daily basis, which approximates fair value. Short-term investments represent securities with original maturities of one year or less. These assets are classified as either Level 1 or Level 2. 82 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Cash Flows The Company’s expected employer contributions for 2023 and annual benefit payments over the next five years for its Pension Plans are not expected to be material. 83 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 10. Related Parties and Related Commitments and Contingencies Flash Ventures The Company procures substantially all of its flash-based memory wafers from its business ventures with Kioxia Corporation (“Kioxia”), which consists of three separate legal entities: Flash Partners Ltd. (“Flash Partners”), Flash Alliance Ltd. (“Flash Alliance”), and Flash Forward Ltd. (“Flash Forward”), collectively referred to as “Flash Ventures”. The Company has a 49.9 % ownership interest and Kioxia has a 50.1 % ownership interest in each of these entities. Through Flash Ventures, the Company and Kioxia collaborate in the development and manufacture of flash-based memory wafers, which are manufactured by Kioxia at its wafer fabrication facilities located in Japan using semiconductor manufacturing equipment individually owned or leased by each Flash Ventures entity. Each Flash Ventures entity purchases wafers from Kioxia at cost and then resells those wafers to the Company and Kioxia at cost plus a markup . Flash Partners . Flash Partners was formed in 2004 in connection with the construction of Kioxia’s “Y3” 300-millimeter wafer fabrication facility located in Yokkaichi, Japan. Flash Alliance. Flash Alliance was formed in 2006 in connection with the construction of Kioxia’s “Y4” 300-millimeter wafer fabrication facility located in Yokkaichi, Japan. Flash Forward . Flash Forward was formed in 2010 in connection with the construction of Kioxia’s “Y5” 300-millimeter wafer fabrication facility located in Yokkaichi, Japan. Y5 was built in two phases of approximately equal size. New Y2 . The Company has a facility agreement with Kioxia related to the construction and operation of Kioxia’s “New Y2” 300-millimeter wafer fabrication facility located in Yokkaichi, Japan. New Y2 primarily provided additional clean room space to convert a portion of 2-dimensional (“2D”) flash-based wafer production capacity to 3-dimensional (“3D”) flash-based wafer production capacity. Production of flash-based wafers in New Y2 started in 2016. Y6 . The Company also has a facility agreement with Kioxia related to the construction and operation of Kioxia’s “Y6” 300-millimeter wafer fabrication facility in Yokkaichi, Japan. Y6 is primarily intended to provide clean room space to continue the transition of existing 2D flash-based wafer capacity to 3D flash-based wafer production capacity. Production of flash-based wafers in Y6 started in 2018. K1 . The Company also has a facility agreement with Kioxia related to the construction and operation of Kioxia’s “K1” 300-millimeter wafer fabrication facility in Kitakami, Japan. The primary purpose of K1 is to provide clean room space to continue the transition of existing flash-based wafer capacity to newer technology nodes. K1 is now fully operational. In connection with the start-up of this facility, as of July 1, 2022, the Company has made prepayments toward future K1 building depreciation aggregating approximately $ 360 million which are to be credited against future wafer charges. As of July 1, 2022, there were no remaining committed prepayments. Y7. In January 2022, the Company entered into additional agreements regarding Flash Ventures’ investment in a new wafer fabrication facility currently under construction in Yokkaichi, Japan, referred to as “Y7”. The primary purpose of Y7 is to provide clean room space to continue the transition of existing flash-based wafer capacity to newer flash technology nodes. The Company is committed to pay, among other items, future building depreciation prepayments aggregating approximately $ 290 million as follows: $ 268 million in 2023 and $ 22 million in 2024, to be credited against future wafer charges. 84 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Company accounts for its ownership position of each entity within Flash Ventures under the equity method of accounting. The financial and other support provided by the Company in all periods presented was either contractually required or the result of a joint decision to expand wafer capacity, transition to new technologies or refinance existing equipment lease commitments. Entities within Flash Ventures are VIEs. The Company evaluated whether it is the primary beneficiary of any of the entities within Flash Ventures for all periods presented and determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of any of the entities within Flash Ventures because it does not have a controlling financial interest in any of those entities. In determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company analyzed the primary purpose and design of Flash Ventures, the activities that most significantly impact Flash Ventures’ economic performance, and whether the Company had the power to direct those activities. The Company concluded, based upon its 49.9 % ownership, the voting structure and the manner in which the day-to-day operations are conducted for each entity within Flash Ventures, that the Company lacked the power to direct most of the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of each entity within Flash Ventures. The following table presents the notes receivable from, and equity investments in, Flash Ventures as of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021: July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 (in millions) Notes receivable, Flash Partners $ 27 $ 191 Notes receivable, Flash Alliance 55 213 Notes receivable, Flash Forward 793 561 Investment in Flash Partners 166 199 Investment in Flash Alliance 243 293 Investment in Flash Forward 112 129 Total notes receivable and investments in Flash Ventures $ 1,396 $ 1,586 During 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company made net payments to Flash Ventures of $ 4.70 billion, $ 4.36 billion and $ 3.09 billion, respectively, for purchased flash-based memory wafers and net loans. The Company makes, or will make, loans to Flash Ventures to fund equipment investments for new process technologies and additional wafer capacity. The Company aggregates its Flash Ventures’ notes receivable into one class of financing receivables due to the similar ownership interest and common structure in each Flash Venture entity. For all reporting periods presented, no loans were past due and no loan impairments were recorded. The Company’s notes receivable from each Flash Ventures entity, denominated in Japanese yen, are secured by equipment owned by that Flash Ventures entity. As of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, the Company had Accounts payable balances due to Flash Ventures of $ 320 million and $ 398 million, respectively. The Company’s maximum reasonably estimable loss exposure (excluding lost profits) as a result of its involvement with Flash Ventures, based upon the Japanese yen to U.S. dollar exchange rate at July 1, 2022, is presented below. Investments in Flash Ventures are denominated in Japanese yen, and the maximum estimable loss exposure excludes any cumulative translation adjustment due to revaluation from the Japanese yen to the U.S. dollar. July 1, 2022 (in millions) Notes receivable $ 875 Equity investments 521 Operating lease guarantees 1,760 Inventory and prepayments 937 Maximum estimable loss exposure $ 4,093 As of July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021, the Company’s retained earnings included undistributed earnings of Flash Ventures of $ 43 million and $ 33 million, respectively. 85 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Company is obligated to pay for variable costs incurred in producing its share of Flash Ventures’ flash-based memory wafer supply, based on its three-month forecast, which generally equals 50 % of Flash Ventures’ output. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay for half of Flash Ventures’ fixed costs regardless of the output the Company chooses to purchase. The Company is not able to estimate its total wafer purchase commitment obligation beyond its rolling three-month purchase commitment because the price is determined by reference to the future cost of producing the semiconductor wafers. In addition, the Company is committed to fund 49.9 % to 50.0 % of each Flash Ventures entity’s capital investments to the extent that Flash Ventures entity’s operating cash flow is insufficient to fund these investments. In February 2022, contamination of certain material used in manufacturing processes occurred at both the Yokkaichi and Kitakami, Japan fabrication facilities, resulting in damage to inventory units in production, a temporary disruption to production operations and a reduction in the Company’s flash wafer availability. During 2022, the Company incurred charges of $ 207 million related to this contamination incident that were recorded in Cost of revenue, which primarily consisted of scrapped inventory and rework costs, decontamination and other costs needed to restore the facilities to normal capacity, and under absorption of overhead costs. The Company is evaluating potential options for recovery. In June 2019, an unexpected power outage incident occurred at the flash-based memory manufacturing facilities operated by Flash Ventures in Yokkaichi, Japan. The power outage incident impacted the facilities and process tools and resulted in the damage of flash wafers in production and a reduction in the Company’s flash wafer availability. As a result of this incident, the Company incurred charges of $ 68 million in 2020, which were recorded in Cost of revenue and primarily consisted of the write-off of damaged inventory and unabsorbed manufacturing overhead costs. In 2022 and 2021, the Company recovered $ 7 million and $ 75 million, respectively, related to this incident from the utility and its insurance carriers, which was recorded in cost of revenue. Inventory Purchase Commitments with Flash Ventures. Purchase orders placed under Flash Ventures for up to three months are binding and cannot be canceled. Research and Development Activities. The Company participates in common R&D activities with Kioxia and is contractually committed to a minimum funding level. R&D commitments are immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Off-Balance Sheet Liabilities Flash Ventures sells to and leases back from a consortium of financial institutions a portion of its tools and has entered into equipment lease agreements of which the Company guarantees half or all of the outstanding obligations under each lease agreement. The lease agreements are subject to customary covenants and cancellation events related to Flash Ventures and each of the guarantors. The occurrence of a cancellation event could result in an acceleration of Flash Ventures’ obligations and a call on the Company’s guarantees. The following table presents the Company’s portion of the remaining guarantee obligations under the Flash Ventures’ lease facilities in both Japanese yen and U.S. dollar-equivalent, based upon the Japanese yen to U.S. dollar exchange rate as of July 1, 2022. Lease Amounts (Japanese yen, in billions) (U.S. dollar, in millions) Total guarantee obligations ¥ 238 $ 1,760 86 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The following table details the breakdown of the Company’s remaining guarantee obligations between the principal amortization and the purchase option exercise price at the end of the term of the Flash Ventures lease agreements, in annual installments as of July 1, 2022 in U.S. dollars, based upon the Japanese yen to U.S. dollar exchange rate as of July 1, 2022: Annual Installments Payment of Principal Amortization Purchase Option Exercise Price at Final Lease Terms Guarantee Amount (in millions) 2023 $ 505 $ 53 $ 558 2024 368 96 464 2025 191 88 279 2026 174 133 307 2027 and thereafter 39 113 152 Total guarantee obligations $ 1,277 $ 483 $ 1,760 The Company and Kioxia have agreed to mutually contribute to, and indemnify each other and Flash Ventures for, environmental remediation costs or liability resulting from Flash Ventures’ manufacturing operations in certain circumstances. The Company has not made any indemnification payments, nor recorded any indemnification receivables, under any such agreements. As of July 1, 2022, no amounts have been accrued in the Consolidated Financial Statements with respect to these indemnification agreements. Unis Venture The Company has a joint venture with Unisplendour Corporation Limited and Unissoft (Wuxi) Group Co. Ltd. (“Unis”), referred to as the “Unis Venture”, to market and sell the Company’s products in China and to develop data storage systems for the Chinese market in the future. The Unis Venture is 49 % owned by the Company and 51 % owned by Unis. The Company accounts for its investment in the Unis Venture under the equity method of accounting. Revenue on products distributed by the Unis Venture is recognized upon sell through to third-party customers. For the years ended July 1, 2022, July 2, 2021 and July 3, 2020, the Company recognized approximately 4 %, 3 %, and 1 % of its consolidated revenue on products distributed by the Unis Venture, respectively. The outstanding accounts receivable due from the Unis Venture were 5 % of Accounts receivable, net as of both July 1, 2022 and July 2, 2021. 87 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 11. Leases and Other Commitments Leases The following table summarizes supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases as of July 1, 2022: Lease Amounts Minimum lease payments by fiscal year: (in millions) 2023 $ 48 2024 48 2025 44 2026 43 2027 39 Thereafter 147 Total future minimum lease payments 369 Less: Imputed Interest 52 Present value of lease liabilities 317 Less: Current portion (included in Accrued expenses ) 40 Long-term operating lease liabilities (included in Other liabilities ) $ 277 Operating lease right-of-use assets (included in Other non-current assets ) $ 300 Weighted average remaining lease term in years 8.3 Weighted average discount rate 3.4 % The following table summarizes supplemental disclosures of operating cost and cash flow information related to operating leases for the year ended July 1, 2022: July 1, 2022 (in millions) Cost of operating leases $ 58 Cash paid for operating leases 51 Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities 137 Cost of operating leases was as follows: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Cost of operating leases $ 58 $ 50 $ 55 88 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Purchase Agreements and Other Commitments In the normal course of business, the Company enters into purchase orders with suppliers for the purchase of components used to manufacture its products. These purchase orders generally cover forecasted component supplies needed for production during the next quarter, are recorded as a liability upon receipt of the components, and generally may be changed or canceled at any time prior to shipment of the components. The Company also enters into long-term agreements with suppliers that contain fixed future commitments, which are contingent on certain conditions such as performance, quality and technology of the vendor’s components. As of July 1, 2022, the Company had the following minimum long-term commitments: Long-term commitments (in millions) Fiscal year: 2023 $ 572 2024 348 2025 180 2026 53 2027 46 Thereafter 150 Total $ 1,349 89 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 12. Western Digital Corporation 401(k) Plan The Company maintains the Western Digital Corporation 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan covers substantially all domestic employees, subject to certain eligibility requirements. Eligible employees receive employer matching contributions immediately upon hire unless the individual is covered by a collective bargaining agreement, provides services as a consultant, intern, independent contractor, leased or temporary employee, or otherwise is not treated as a common-law employee. Through December 31, 2021, eligible employees were generally able to contribute up to 75 % of their eligible compensation on a combined pre-tax and Roth basis, 10 % on a combined pre-tax catch-up and Roth catch-up basis, and 10 % on a non-Roth after-tax basis subject to Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) limitations. Effective January 1, 2022, eligible employees are generally able to contribute up to 85 % of their eligible compensation on a combined pre-tax and Roth basis regardless of age, and 10 % of their eligible compensation on an after-tax basis by payroll withholding. The Company makes a basic matching contribution equal to 50 % of each eligible participant’s contribution that does not exceed 6 % of the eligible participant’s annual compensation in the year of contribution. Prior to January 1, 2022, the Company’s employer matching contributions vested over a two-year graded period through December 31, 2021 with all unvested contributions vesting on December 31, 2021 and, effective January 1, 2022, the Company’s employer matching contributions vest immediately. The Company may suspend matching contributions at any time at its discretion. Contributions, including the Company’s matching contribution to the Plan, are recorded as soon as administratively possible after the Company makes payroll deductions from Plan participants. For 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company made Plan contributions of $ 36 million, $ 34 million and $ 33 million, respectively. 90 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 13. Shareholders’ Equity 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan In November 2021, stockholders approved the Western Digital Corporation 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). Upon the effective date of the 2021 Plan, no new awards were granted under the Western Digital Corporation Amended and Restated 2017 Performance Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The aggregate maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued pursuant to awards from the 2021 Plan may not exceed (a) 9.5 million shares, less (b) one share of common stock for each share of common stock granted under a prior plan on or after September 5, 2021 and prior to the 2021 Plan’s effective date, plus (c) any shares of common stock subject to outstanding awards under a prior plan as of the effective date that on or after the effective date are forfeited, terminated, expire, lapse without being exercised (to the extent applicable), or are otherwise reacquired by the Company. Any shares subject to awards under the 2017 Plan that are cancelled, forfeited, or otherwise terminate without having vested or been exercised, as applicable, will become available for award grants under the 2021 Plan. The types of awards that may be granted under the 2021 Plan include stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), RSUs, PSUs, restricted stock and other forms of awards granted or denominated in the Company’s common stock or units of the Company’s common stock, as well as cash awards. Persons eligible to receive awards under the 2021 Plan include officers and employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, directors of the Company and certain consultants and advisors to the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The vesting of awards under the 2021 Plan and the 2017 Plan is determined at the date of grant. Each award expires on a date determined at the date of grant; however, the maximum term of options and SARs is ten years after the grant date of the award. RSUs typically vest over periods ranging from two to four years from the date of grant. PSUs are granted to certain employees and vest only after the achievement of pre-determined performance conditions or market conditions and completion of requisite service periods. Once the performance conditions or market conditions are met, vesting of PSUs is generally subject to continued service by the employee. Currently, there are outstanding awards that may vest under the 2017 Plan as well as outstanding awards of stock options under the SanDisk Corporation 2013 Incentive Plan, a plan assumed in connection with the acquisition of SanDisk Corporation, which may affect dilution. Outstanding RSU and PSU awards have dividend equivalent rights which entitle holders of such outstanding awards to the same dividend value per share as holders of common stock. Dividend equivalent rights are subject to the same vesting and other terms and conditions as the corresponding unvested RSUs and PSUs. Dividend equivalent rights are accumulated and paid in additional shares when the underlying shares vest. As of July 1, 2022, the maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that was authorized for award grants under the 2021 Plan was 10.8 million shares. Shares issued in respect of all awards granted under the 2021 Plan count against the 2021 Plan’s share limit on a one -for-one basis, whereas under the 2017 Plan, shares issued in respect of awards other than stock options and SARs granted count against the 2017 Plan’s share limit as 1.72 shares for every one share issued in connection with such award. The 2021 Plan will terminate on November 22, 2031 unless terminated earlier by the Company’s Board of Directors. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Under the Company’s ESPP, eligible employees may authorize payroll deductions of up to 10 % of their eligible compensation, subject to IRS limitations, during prescribed offering periods to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at 95 % of the fair market value of common stock either at the beginning of that offering period or on the applicable exercise date, whichever is less. A participant may participate in only one offering period at a time, and a new offering period generally begins each June 1st and December 1st. Each offering period is generally 24 months and consists of four exercise dates (each, generally six months following the start of the offering period or the preceding exercise date, as the case may be). If the fair market value of the Company’s common stock is less on a given exercise date than on the date of grant, employee participation in that offering period ends and participants are automatically re-enrolled in the next new offering period. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company issued 2.1 million, 3.2 million, and 3.0 million shares, respectively, under the ESPP for aggregate purchase amounts of $ 113 million, $ 115 million and $ 107 million, respectively. To the extent available, the Company may issue shares out of treasury stock upon the vesting of awards, the exercise of employee stock options and the purchase of shares pursuant to the ESPP. 91 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Stock-based Compensation Expense The following tables present the Company’s stock-based compensation for equity-settled awards by type and financial statement line as well as the related tax benefit included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Options $ — $ — $ 7 RSUs and PSUs 286 282 268 ESPP 40 36 33 Total $ 326 $ 318 $ 308 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Cost of revenue $ 48 $ 55 $ 51 Research and development 167 158 163 Selling, general and administrative 111 105 94 Subtotal 326 318 308 Tax benefit ( 48 ) ( 47 ) ( 45 ) Total $ 278 $ 271 $ 263 Windfall tax benefits related to the vesting and exercise of stock-based awards, which are recognized as a component of the Company’s Income tax expense, were not material for the periods presented. Compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, PSUs, and rights to purchase shares of common stock under the ESPP will generally be amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining average service period. The following table presents the unamortized compensation cost and weighted average service period of all unvested outstanding awards as of July 1, 2022: Unamortized Compensation Costs Weighted Average Service Period (in millions) (years) RSUs and PSUs (1) $ 557 2.2 ESPP 61 1.2 Total unamortized compensation cost $ 618 (1) Weighted average service period assumes the performance conditions are met for the PSUs. 92 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Plan Activities Stock Options The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s incentive plans: Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) (in years) (in millions) Options outstanding at June 28, 2019 3.9 $ 65.72 Exercised ( 0.8 ) 43.26 $ 12 Canceled or expired ( 0.4 ) 88.58 Options outstanding at July 3, 2020 2.7 69.16 Exercised ( 0.4 ) 44.34 6 Canceled or expired ( 0.8 ) 75.42 Options outstanding at July 2, 2021 1.5 72.84 Exercised ( 0.2 ) 43.80 3 Canceled or expired ( 0.4 ) 97.65 Options outstanding at July 1, 2022 0.9 $ 66.76 0.54 No options were granted in 2022, 2021 or 2020. All outstanding options were exercisable at July 1, 2022. RSUs and PSUs The following table summarizes RSU and PSU activity under the Company’s incentive plans: Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Aggregate Intrinsic Value at Vest Date (in millions) (in millions) RSUs and PSUs outstanding at June 28, 2019 11.6 $ 62.07 Granted 7.4 55.32 Vested ( 4.4 ) 58.36 $ 252 Forfeited ( 1.3 ) 63.33 RSUs and PSUs outstanding at July 3, 2020 13.3 60.92 Granted 8.8 40.40 Vested ( 4.5 ) 60.18 196 Forfeited ( 1.5 ) 55.74 RSUs and PSUs outstanding at July 2, 2021 16.1 50.12 Granted 6.9 60.00 Vested ( 5.2 ) 54.27 317 Forfeited ( 2.4 ) 52.14 RSUs and PSUs outstanding at July 1, 2022 15.4 $ 52.89 RSUs and PSUs are generally settled in an equal number of shares of the Company’s common stock at the time of vesting of the units. 93 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Fair Value Valuation Assumptions RSU and PSU Grants The fair value of the Company’s RSU and PSU awards with a performance condition is determined based upon the closing price of the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of PSU awards with a market condition is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant using historical volatility. ESPP — Black-Scholes-Merton Model The fair value of ESPP purchase rights issued is estimated at the date of grant of the purchase rights using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model requires the input of assumptions such as the expected stock price volatility and the expected period until options are exercised. Purchase rights under the ESPP are generally granted on either June 1st or December 1st of each year. The fair values of ESPP purchase rights have been estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: 2022 2021 2020 Weighted-average expected term (in years) 1.25 1.25 1.25 Risk-free interest rate 1.42 % 0.10 % 0.55 % Stock price volatility 0.48 0.56 0.59 Dividend yield — % — % 1.08 % Fair value $ 15.56 $ 21.59 $ 12.76 Stock Repurchase Program The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to $ 5.0 billion of the Company’s common stock, which authorization is effective through July 25, 2023. For the year ended July 1, 2022, the Company did no t make any stock repurchases and has no t repurchased any shares of its common stock pursuant to its stock repurchase program since the first quarter of 2019. Although the Company will reevaluate the repurchasing of common stock when appropriate, there can be no assurance if, when or at what level the Company may resume such activity. The remaining amount available to be repurchased under the Company’s current stock repurchase program as of July 1, 2022 was $ 4.5 billion. Repurchases under the stock repurchase program may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions and may be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan. Stock Reserved for Issuance The following table summarizes all common stock reserved for issuance at July 1, 2022: Number of Shares (in millions) Outstanding awards and shares available for award grants 26 ESPP 4 Total 30 Dividends to Shareholders The Company issued a quarterly cash dividend from the first quarter of 2013 up to the third quarter of 2020. In April 2020, the Company suspended its dividend to reinvest in the business and to support its ongoing deleveraging efforts. 94 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 14. Income Tax Expense Income (loss) Before Taxes The domestic and foreign components of Income (loss) before taxes were as follows: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Foreign $ 1,384 $ 218 $ ( 695 ) Domestic 739 709 649 Income (loss) before taxes $ 2,123 $ 927 $ ( 46 ) Income Tax Expense (Benefit) The components of the income tax expense (benefit) were as follows: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Current: Foreign $ 143 $ 195 $ 157 Domestic - Federal 341 154 124 Domestic - State 25 ( 1 ) 5 509 348 286 Deferred: Foreign 27 ( 20 ) ( 29 ) Domestic - Federal 84 ( 208 ) ( 53 ) Domestic - State 3 ( 14 ) — 114 ( 242 ) ( 82 ) Income tax expense $ 623 $ 106 $ 204 The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Act”), enacted on December 22, 2017, includes a broad range of tax reform proposals affecting businesses. The Company completed its accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of the 2017 Act during the second quarter of 2019. However, the U.S. Treasury and the IRS have issued tax guidance on certain provisions of the 2017 Act since the enactment date, and the Company anticipates the issuance of additional regulatory and interpretive guidance. The Company applied a reasonable interpretation of the 2017 Act along with the then-available guidance in finalizing its accounting for the tax effects of the 2017 Act. Any additional regulatory or interpretive guidance would constitute new information, which may require further refinements to the Company’s estimates in future periods. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. The CARES Act, among other things, allows net operating losses arising in tax years 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes and increases the business interest expense limitation from 30% to 50% of adjusted taxable income for tax years 2019 and 2020. Additionally, countries around the world implemented emergency tax measures to provide relief similar to the CARES Act. The provisions of the CARES Act and the emergency tax measures around the world did not result in a material cash benefit. On December 27, 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act (the “Appropriations Act”) was enacted to fund the federal government through their fiscal year, extend certain expiring tax provisions and provide additional emergency relief to individuals and businesses related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. The provisions of the Appropriations Act did not result in a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. 95 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (the “Rescue Act”) was enacted to provide additional emergency relief to individuals and businesses related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. The Rescue Act includes certain business-related provisions, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company continues to monitor and evaluate the regulatory and interpretive guidance related to the CARES Act, the Appropriations Act and the Rescue Act, as well as legislation in other jurisdictions. On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which contained significant law changes related to tax, climate, energy, and health care. The tax measures include, among other things, a corporate alternative minimum tax of 15%. The corporate alternative minimum tax will not be effective for the Company until fiscal year 2024 and the Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of these legislative changes. Deferred Taxes Temporary differences and carryforwards, which give rise to a significant portion of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows: July 1, 2022 July 2, 2021 (in millions) Deferred tax assets: Sales related reserves and accrued expenses not currently deductible $ 71 $ 88 Accrued compensation and benefits not currently deductible 114 143 Deferred revenue — 128 Net operating loss carryforward 195 196 Business credit carryforward 483 461 Long-lived assets 72 101 Other 178 131 Total deferred tax assets 1,113 1,248 Deferred tax liabilities: Long-lived assets ( 128 ) ( 202 ) Unremitted earnings of certain non-U.S. entities ( 288 ) ( 280 ) Other ( 17 ) ( 20 ) Total deferred tax liabilities ( 433 ) ( 502 ) Valuation allowances ( 580 ) ( 558 ) Deferred tax assets, net $ 100 $ 188 The net deferred tax asset valuation allowance increased by $ 22 million primarily due to an increase from the generation of additional business state tax credits carryforwards during the year ended July 1, 2022. The assessment of valuation allowances against deferred tax assets requires estimations and significant judgment. The Company continues to assess and adjust its valuation allowance based on operating results and market conditions. After weighing both the positive and negative evidence available, including, but not limited to, earnings history, projected future outcomes, industry and market trends and the nature of each of the deferred tax assets, the Company determined that it is able to realize most of its deferred tax assets with the exception of certain loss and credit carryforwards. The Company is permanently reinvested with respect to certain foreign earnings. There is no unrecognized deferred tax liability associated with the repatriation of these foreign undistributed earnings as it can be achieved without additional federal tax consequences. 96 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation of the U.S. Federal statutory rate to the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows: 2022 2021 2020 U.S. Federal statutory rate 21 % 21 % 21 % Tax rate differential on international income ( 9 ) 8 ( 443 ) Tax effect of U.S. foreign income inclusion — 5 ( 38 ) Tax effect of U.S. foreign minimum tax 5 1 ( 235 ) Tax effect of U.S. foreign derived intangible income ( 1 ) ( 14 ) 109 Tax effect of U.S. non-deductible stock-based compensation 1 1 ( 21 ) Tax effect of U.S. permanent differences — 1 ( 26 ) IRS Tentative Settlement 15 — — Change in valuation allowance 1 ( 7 ) ( 12 ) Unremitted earnings of certain non-U.S. entities 1 6 ( 114 ) Foreign income tax credits ( 3 ) ( 5 ) 191 R&D tax credits ( 4 ) ( 8 ) 147 Other 2 2 ( 22 ) Effective tax rate 29 % 11 % ( 443 ) % Tax Holidays and Carryforwards A substantial portion of the Company’s manufacturing operations in Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand operate under various tax holidays and tax incentive programs, which will expire in whole or in part at various dates during 2024 through 2031. Certain of the holidays may be extended if specific conditions are met. The net impact of these tax holidays and tax incentives was an increase to the Company’s net earnings by $ 566 million, or $ 1.79 per diluted share, $ 390 million, or $ 1.26 per diluted share, and $ 464 million, or $ 1.54 per diluted share, in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. As of July 1, 2022, the Company had varying amounts of federal and state NOL/tax credit carryforwards that do not expire or, if not used, expire in various years. Following is a summary of the Company’s federal and state NOL/tax credit carryforwards and the related expiration dates of these NOL/tax credit carryforwards: Jurisdiction NOL/Tax Credit Carryforward Amount Expiration (in millions) Federal NOL (Pre 2017 Act Generation) $ 627 2023 to 2038 State NOL 364 2031 to 2038 Federal tax credits 57 2023 to 2043 State tax credits 691 No expiration The federal and state NOLs and credits relating to various acquisitions are subject to limitations under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company expects the total amount of federal and state NOLs ultimately realized will be reduced as a result of these provisions by $ 125 million and $ 240 million, respectively. The Company expects the total amount of federal and state credits ultimately realized will be reduced as a result of these provisions by $ 27 million and $ 2 million, respectively. 97 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) As of July 1, 2022, the Company had varying amounts of foreign NOL carryforwards that do not expire or, if not used, expire in various years, depending on the country. The major jurisdictions that the Company receives foreign NOL carryforwards and the related amounts and expiration dates of these NOL carryforwards are as follows: Jurisdiction NOL Carryforward Amount Expiration (in millions) Malaysia $ 122 2025 to 2028 Belgium 106 No expiration Japan 84 2024 to 2031 Spain 46 No expiration Netherlands 12 2025 to 2026 Uncertain Tax Positions With the exception of certain unrecognized tax benefits that are directly associated with the tax position taken, unrecognized tax benefits are presented gross in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits excluding accrued interest and penalties: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Unrecognized tax benefit, beginning balance $ 748 $ 717 $ 695 Gross increases related to current year tax positions 12 21 11 Gross increases related to prior year tax positions 358 46 35 Gross decreases related to prior year tax positions ( 65 ) ( 20 ) ( 4 ) Settlements ( 1 ) ( 9 ) ( 12 ) Lapse of statute of limitations ( 5 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) Unrecognized tax benefit, ending balance $ 1,047 $ 748 $ 717 As of July 1, 2022, July 2, 2021 and July 3, 2020, the portion of the gross unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, that would affect the effective tax rate is $ 903 million, $ 612 million, and $ 583 million. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in liabilities recorded for uncertain tax positions and are recorded in the provision for income taxes. Accrued interest and penalties included in the Company’s liability related to unrecognized tax benefits as of July 1, 2022, July 2, 2021 and July 3, 2020 was $ 254 million, $ 138 million and $ 137 million, respectively. As of July 1, 2022, July 2, 2021 and July 3, 2020, the Company’s payables related to unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest and penalties, were $ 1.16 billion, $ 750 million, and $ 720 million, respectively. The Company believes it is reasonably likely that payments of approximately $ 600 million to $ 700 million may be made within the next twelve months and have classified that portion of these unrecognized tax benefits, including interest, in Income taxes payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 1, 2022. The remaining payables related to unrecognized tax benefits are included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 1, 2022, July 2, 2021 and July 3, 2020. 98 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Company files U.S. Federal, U.S. state and foreign tax returns. For both federal and state tax returns, with few exceptions, the Company is subject to examination for 2013 through 2020. The Company is no longer subject to examination by the IRS for periods prior to 2012, although carry forwards generated prior to those periods may still be adjusted upon examination by the IRS or state taxing authority if they either have been or will be used in a subsequent period. In the major foreign jurisdictions where there is no tax holiday, the Company could be subject to examination in China for calendar years 2012 through 2021, in Ireland for calendar year 2018 through fiscal year 2021, in India for fiscal years 2008 through 2021, in Israel for calendar year 2016 through fiscal year 2021 and in Japan for fiscal years 2015 through 2021, in Malaysia for fiscal years 2014 through 2021, in Thailand for fiscal years 2012 through 2021, in Singapore for fiscal years 2018 through 2021, and in the United Kingdom for fiscal years 2017 through 2021. As previously disclosed, the IRS issued statutory notices of deficiency and notices of proposed adjustments with respect to transfer pricing with the Company’s foreign subsidiaries and intercompany payable balances for years 2008 through 2015. In September 2018 and March 2019, the Company filed petitions with the U.S. Tax Court covering years 2008 through 2012, for which it had received statutory notices of deficiency, while years 2013 through 2015 remain in the jurisdiction of the IRS’s Examination function. The IRS has filed various Amendments to Answer with the U.S. Tax Court which, together with the notices of proposed adjustments, would result in additional federal income tax liabilities totaling approximately $ 1.6 billion and penalties totaling $ 449 million with respect to years 2008 through 2015. In May 2022, the Company and the IRS tentatively reached a settlement for resolving the statutory notices of deficiency and notices of proposed adjustments with respect to years 2008 through 2015 subject to the parties entering into final stipulations and a closing agreement. As a result, the trial originally scheduled to take place in May 2022 was cancelled. The tentative settlement for resolution incrementally increased the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and offsetting tax benefits, by $ 324 million. Including this incremental increase, the Company expects to pay tax and interest totaling approximately $ 600 million to $ 700 million, which the Company expects to be partially offset by future reductions to its mandatory deemed repatriation tax obligations and tax savings from interest deductions aggregating to approximately $ 100 to $ 150 million. While the Company continues to work with the IRS to come to a final agreement on the federal tax and interest calculations, the Company is uncertain as to when a final agreement will be reached and the exact timing of when any payments will be made. However, the Company believes it is reasonably likely that these payments may be made within the next twelve months and have classified that portion of these unrecognized tax benefits, including interest in Income taxes payable on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 1,2022. This classification and amount may be subject to change in the next twelve months depending on when the Company is able to reach a final agreement with the IRS. The Company believes that adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from any other tax examinations. However, the outcome of such tax examinations cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed in the Company’s tax examinations are resolved in a manner not consistent with management’s expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs. As of July 1, 2022, with the exception of the tentative settlement, it was not possible to estimate the amount of change, if any, in the unrecognized tax benefits that is reasonably possible within the next twelve months. Any significant change in the amount of the Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits would most likely result from additional information relating to the examination of the Company’s tax returns. 99 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 15. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per common share: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions, except per share data) Net income (loss) $ 1,500 $ 821 $ ( 250 ) Weighted average shares outstanding: Basic 312 305 298 Employee stock options, RSUs, PSUs and ESPP 4 4 — Diluted 316 309 298 Income (loss) per common share Basic $ 4.81 $ 2.69 $ ( 0.84 ) Diluted $ 4.75 $ 2.66 $ ( 0.84 ) Anti-dilutive potential common shares excluded 3 5 15 The Company computes basic income (loss) per common share using Net income (loss) and the Weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per common share is computed using Net income (loss) and the Weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include dilutive outstanding employee stock options, RSUs and PSUs, and rights to purchase shares of common stock under the Company’s ESPP. For 2022, the Company excluded common shares subject to outstanding equity awards from the calculation of diluted shares because their impact would have been anti-dilutive based on the Company’s average stock price during the period. For 2020, the Company recorded net loss, and all shares subject to outstanding equity awards have been excluded for those periods because including them would be anti-dilutive. 100 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 16. Employee Termination, Asset Impairment, and Other Charges The Company recorded the following charges related to employee termination benefits, asset impairment, and other charges: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Employee termination and other charges: Closure of Foreign Manufacturing Facilities $ — $ — $ 5 Business Realignment 50 28 44 Employee termination benefits 50 28 49 Gain on disposition of assets: Business Realignment ( 7 ) ( 75 ) ( 17 ) Asset impairments and losses (gains) on disposal of assets ( 7 ) ( 75 ) ( 17 ) Total employee termination, asset impairment, and other charges $ 43 $ ( 47 ) $ 32 Closure of Foreign Manufacturing Facilities In July 2018, the Company announced the closing of its HDD manufacturing facility in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in order to reduce its manufacturing costs and consolidate HDD operations into Thailand. The Company substantially completed the closure in 2019. Business Realignment The Company periodically incurs charges as part of the integration process of recent acquisitions and to realign its operations with anticipated market demand, primarily consisting of organization rationalization designed to streamline its business, reduce its cost structure and focus its resources. The Company may also record credits related to gains upon sale of property in connection with these activities. The Company recognized gains related to the disposition of assets associated with these activities $ 7 million and $ 75 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following table presents an analysis of the components of the activity against the reserve, which consisted entirely of employee termination benefits, during the year ended July 1, 2022: Employee Termination Benefits (in millions) Accrual balance at July 2, 2021 $ 2 Charges 50 Cash payments ( 35 ) Accrual balance at July 1, 2022 $ 17 101 Table of Contents WESTERN DIGITAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Note 17. Legal Proceedings Tax For disclosures regarding statutory notices of deficiency issued by the IRS on June 28, 2018 and December 10, 2018, petitions filed by the Company with the U.S. Tax Court in September 2018 and March 2019, additional penalties asserted by the IRS in March 2021 and further Amendments to Answers filed by the IRS in June 2021 and January 2022, and a tentative resolution with respect to certain matters, see Note 14, Income Tax Expense. Other Matters In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims. Although the ultimate aggregate amount of probable monetary liability or financial impact with respect to these other matters is subject to many uncertainties, management believes that any monetary liability or financial impact to the Company from these matters, individually and in the aggregate, would not be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, any monetary liability and financial impact to the Company from these matters could differ materially from the Company’s expectations. 102 Table of Contents Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None.