Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily relate to interest rate sensitivities.
Interest Rate Risk
We had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents of $473.1 million as of September 30, 2020, which consisted of money market funds. We also had short-term investments of $364.1 million as of September 30, 2020. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve capital to fund our operations. We also seek to maximize income from our investments without assuming significant risk. Because our investments are primarily short-term in duration and our holdings in U.S. government treasury bonds mature prior to our expected need for liquidity, we believe that our exposure to interest rate risk is not significant, and a 1% movement in market interest rates would not have a significant impact on the total value of our portfolio. We had no debt outstanding as of September 30, 2020.
Foreign Currency
The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars using historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates throughout the respective periods. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are exposed to foreign currency risk related to the operations of our Swiss and Australian subsidiaries and consequently the Swiss Franc and Australian dollar. Transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expenses), net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and were not material for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
Effects of Inflation
Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and clinical trial costs. We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations during the periods presented.
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