UroGen Pharma Ltd. 10-Q

Item 1. Financial Statements. UroGen Pharma Ltd. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited; in thousands, except share amounts and par value) September 30, December 31, 2025 2024 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 90,039 $ 171,987 Marketable securities 36,994 64,698 Restricted cash 1,347 1,076 Accounts receivable, net 19,703 20,302 Inventories 8,341 9,227 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 12,122 8,845 Total current assets 168,546 276,135 Non-current assets: Property and equipment, net 695 655 Restricted deposit 177 176 Right of use assets 8,489 3,134 Marketable securities 380 5,022 Other non-current assets 6,759 589 Total Assets $ 185,046 $ 285,711 Liabilities and Shareholders' Deficit Current liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 26,173 $ 27,431 Employee related accrued expenses 11,114 10,570 Other current liabilities 4,957 7,948 Total current liabilities: 42,244 45,949 Non-current liabilities: Prepaid forward obligation 126,067 121,387 Long-term debt 122,111 121,734 Long-term lease liabilities 6,241 1,653 Uncertain tax positions liability 3,791 3,791 Total Liabilities 300,454 294,514 Commitments and Contingencies (Note 19) Shareholders' Deficit: Ordinary shares, NIS 0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 46,781,211 and 42,231,746 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively 128 115 Additional paid-in capital 817,793 797,248 Accumulated deficit ( 933,352 ) ( 806,222 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income 23 56 Total Shareholders' Deficit ( 115,408 ) ( 8,803 ) Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Deficit $ 185,046 $ 285,711 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 1 Table of Contents UroGen Pharma Ltd. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (unaudited; in thousands, except share and per share amounts) For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Revenue $ 27,482 $ 25,204 $ 71,951 $ 65,833 Cost of revenue 3,278 2,453 9,158 6,410 Gross profit 24,204 22,751 62,793 59,423 Operating expenses: Research and development expenses 14,008 11,355 52,793 42,251 Selling, general and administrative expenses 37,582 28,941 115,748 86,296 Operating loss ( 27,386 ) ( 17,545 ) ( 105,748 ) ( 69,124 ) Financing on prepaid forward obligation ( 4,621 ) ( 5,915 ) ( 13,848 ) ( 17,348 ) Interest expense on long-term debt ( 3,373 ) ( 2,721 ) ( 11,573 ) ( 8,629 ) Interest and other income, net 979 2,599 4,392 5,922 Loss before income taxes ( 34,401 ) ( 23,582 ) ( 126,777 ) ( 89,179 ) Income tax benefit (expense) 1,054 ( 91 ) ( 353 ) ( 183 ) Net Loss $ ( 33,347 ) $ ( 23,673 ) $ ( 127,130 ) $ ( 89,362 ) Statements of Comprehensive Loss Net loss $ ( 33,347 ) $ ( 23,673 ) $ ( 127,130 ) $ ( 89,362 ) Other comprehensive loss Unrealized income (loss) on investments 17 267 ( 33 ) 224 Comprehensive Loss $ ( 33,330 ) $ ( 23,406 ) $ ( 127,163 ) $ ( 89,138 ) Net loss per ordinary share - basic and diluted $ ( 0.69 ) $ ( 0.51 ) $ ( 2.66 ) $ ( 2.15 ) Weighted average number of shares outstanding used in computation of basic and diluted loss per ordinary share 48,057,386 46,779,637 47,742,305 41,476,892 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 2 Table of Contents UroGen Pharma Ltd. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders ’ Deficit (unaudited; in thousands, except share amounts) Ordinary Shares Number of Additional paid-in Accumulated Accumulated other comprehensive Shares Amount capital Deficit income (loss) Total Balance as of July 1, 2025 46,199,134 $ 126 $ 806,497 $ ( 900,005 ) $ 6 $ ( 93,376 ) Changes During the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Exercise of options into ordinary shares 165,829 1 301 302 Share-based compensation 3,027 3,027 Issuance of ordinary shares, net of issuance costs 416,248 1 7,968 7,969 Other comprehensive income 17 17 Net loss ( 33,347 ) ( 33,347 ) Balance as of September 30, 2025 46,781,211 $ 128 $ 817,793 $ ( 933,352 ) $ 23 $ ( 115,408 ) Balance as of July 1, 2024 41,169,954 $ 112 $ 775,270 $ ( 745,037 ) ( 31 ) $ 30,314 Changes During the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Exercise of options into ordinary shares 99,433 — 115 115 Share-based compensation 3,489 3,489 Issuance of ordinary shares, net of issuance costs 921,428 3 15,000 15,003 Other comprehensive income 267 267 Net loss ( 23,673 ) ( 23,673 ) Balance as of September 30, 2024 42,190,815 $ 115 $ 793,874 $ ( 768,710 ) $ 236 $ 25,515 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 3 Table of Contents UroGen Pharma Ltd. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders ’ Deficit (unaudited; in thousands, except share amounts) Ordinary Shares Number of Additional paid-in Accumulated Accumulated other comprehensive Shares Amount capital Deficit income (loss) Total Balance as of January 1, 2025 42,231,746 $ 115 $ 797,248 $ ( 806,222 ) $ 56 $ ( 8,803 ) Changes During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Exercise of options into ordinary shares 552,103 2 627 629 Share-based compensation 8,829 8,829 Conversion of pre-funded warrants into ordinary shares 3,206,271 9 ( 6 ) 3 Issuance of ordinary shares, net of issuance costs 791,091 2 11,095 11,097 Other comprehensive loss ( 33 ) ( 33 ) Net loss ( 127,130 ) ( 127,130 ) Balance as of September 30, 2025 46,781,211 $ 128 $ 817,793 $ ( 933,352 ) $ 23 $ ( 115,408 ) Balance as of January 1, 2024 32,490,119 $ 89 $ 614,035 $ ( 679,348 ) 12 $ ( 65,212 ) Changes During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Exercise of options into ordinary shares 378,800 1 249 250 Share-based compensation 9,805 9,805 Issuance of pre-funded warrants, net of issuance costs 18,641 18,641 Issuance of ordinary shares, net of issuance costs 9,321,896 25 151,144 151,169 Other comprehensive income 224 224 Net loss ( 89,362 ) ( 89,362 ) Balance as of September 30, 2024 42,190,815 $ 115 $ 793,874 $ ( 768,710 ) $ 236 $ 25,515 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 4 Table of Contents UroGen Pharma Ltd. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow (unaudited; in thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 Cash Flows From Operating Activities Net loss $ ( 127,130 ) $ ( 89,362 ) Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 232 261 Accrued financing on prepaid forward obligation 1,595 9,013 Accretion on marketable securities ( 1,800 ) ( 1,555 ) Share-based compensation 8,829 9,805 Amortization (accretion) of discount on long-term debt 377 ( 1,330 ) Amortization of right of use assets 1,500 619 Acquisitions of IPR&D 3,128 — Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Inventory 886 ( 1,921 ) Accounts receivable, net 599 ( 7,359 ) Prepaid expenses and other current assets ( 3,277 ) ( 3,772 ) Other non-current assets ( 6,170 ) 1,668 Accounts payable and accrued expenses ( 1,258 ) 3,147 Employee related accrued expenses 544 ( 1,785 ) Other current liabilities ( 201 ) — Lease liabilities ( 1,972 ) ( 626 ) Restricted deposit ( 1 ) 50 Net cash used in operating activities ( 124,119 ) ( 83,147 ) Cash Flows From Investing Activities Purchases of marketable securities ( 76,861 ) ( 118,794 ) Maturities of marketable securities 110,974 37,740 Purchases of property and equipment ( 272 ) ( 180 ) Net cash provided by investing activities 33,841 ( 81,234 ) Cash Flows From Financing Activities Proceeds from exercise of options into ordinary shares 629 250 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt — 24,488 Proceeds from pre-funded warrant issuance, net of issuance costs 3 18,641 Proceeds from ordinary shares issuances, net of issuance costs 7,970 151,169 Net cash provided by financing activities 8,602 194,548 Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents ( 81,676 ) 30,167 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period 173,062 95,822 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period $ 91,386 $ 125,989 Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Activities Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ 6,856 $ — Acquisitions of IPR&D $ 3,128 $ — The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 5 Table of Contents UroGen Pharma Ltd. Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1 – Business and Nature of Operations Nature of Operations UroGen Pharma Ltd. is an Israeli company incorporated in April 2004 ( “UPL”). UroGen Pharma, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of UPL, was incorporated in Delaware in October 2015 and began operating in February 2016 ( “UPI”). UPL and UPI (together the “Company”) is a biotechnology company dedicated to developing and commercializing innovative solutions that treat urothelial and specialty cancers. Since commencing operations, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to securing intellectual property rights, performing research and development activities, including conducting clinical trials and manufacturing activities, hiring personnel, launching the Company’s first commercial product, Jelmyto (mitomycin) for pyelocalyceal solution, formerly known as UGN- 101, developing and securing regulatory approval of Zusduri (mitomycin) for intravesical solution, formerly known as UGN- 102, and raising capital to support and expand these activities. On April 15, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) granted approval for Jelmyto , a first -in-class treatment indicated for adults with low-grade upper tract urothelial cancer (“low-grade UTUC”). Jelmyto consists of mitomycin, an established chemotherapy, and sterile hydrogel, using the Company's proprietary sustained release RTGel technology. It has been designed to enable longer exposure of urinary tract tissue to mitomycin, thereby enabling the treatment of tumors by non-surgical means. On June 12, 2025, the FDA approved Zusduri, the first and only FDA-approved medication for adults with recurrent low-grade intermediate risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (“low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC”). Zusduri consists of mitomycin and sterile hydrogel, using the Company’s proprietary sustained release RTGel technology, and is delivered directly into the bladder in an out-patient procedure by a trained healthcare professional using a urinary catheter to enable the treatment of tumors by non-surgical means. Note 2 – Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10 -Q and Article 10 of Regulation S- X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments) necessary for fair statement of its financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company at the dates and for the periods indicated. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full fiscal year. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10 -K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 10, 2025. The Company has experienced net losses since its inception and had an accumulated deficit o f $ 933.4 million and $ 806.2 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company expects to incur losses and have negative net cash flows from operating activities as it executes its strategy, including the commercial launch of Zusduri , the continued commercialization of Jelmyto , and engaging in further research and development activities. The success of the Company depends on its ability to successfully commercialize its technologies to support its operations and strategic plan. In accordance with the accounting guidance related to the presentation of financial statements, management evaluates whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the next 12 months from the date the financial statements are issued. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, and do not include any adjustments relating to the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities that may be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is expected to be impacted by its ability to produce cash inflows from Jelmyto and Zusduri product sales, the rate of physician and patient adoption of Zusduri and the Company's ability to raise additional capital to fund its operations in the future. Based on the Company's cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities as of September 30, 2025 , together with management’s cash flow projections, the Company believes that it has sufficient cash and cash equivalents to fund its operations beyond one year from the issuance of these financial statements. If the Company is unable to generate sufficient cash inflows from Jelmyto and Zusduri product sales, the Company may need to raise additional capital in the future or reduce operating expenditures. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure such additional financing on terms that are satisfactory to the Company, in an amount sufficient to meet the Company's needs, or at all. In the event the Company is not successful in obtaining sufficient funding, this could force the Company to delay, limit, reduce or terminate the Company's product development, commercialization efforts or other operations. 6 Table of Contents Note 3 – Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of UPL and its subsidiary, UPI. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated during consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. As applicable to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the critical accounting estimates relate to the fair value of share-based compensation, measurement of revenue, estimate of uncertain tax positions, and measurement of liabilities accounted for under the interest method. Functional Currency The U.S. dollar (“Dollar”) is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of the Company are conducted. Therefore, the functional currency of the Company is the Dollar. Accordingly, transactions in currencies other than the Dollar are measured and recorded in the functional currency using the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction. At the balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the Dollar are measured using the official exchange rate at the balance sheet date. The effects of foreign currency re-measurements are recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as “Interest and other income, net.” Cash and Cash Equivalents; Marketable Securities The Company presents all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased as cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents generally consist of money market funds and bank money market accounts and are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $ 127.4 million as of September 30, 2025 . The Company accounts for its investments, which include cash equivalents and marketable securities, as available-for-sale in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 320, “Investments — Debt and Equity Securities”. Available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within the condensed consolidated statements of shareholders’ deficit. Realized gains and losses are recorded as a component of interest and other income, net. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. Certain short-term investments are valued using models or other valuation methodologies that use Level 2 inputs. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curve, volatility factors, default rates, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. The majority of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. For individual debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities where there has been a decline in fair value below amortized cost, the Company determines whether the decline resulted from a credit loss or other factors. The Company records impairment relating to credit losses through an allowance for credit losses, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recorded through other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Restricted cash is related primarily to cash held to secure corporate credit cards; restricted deposits are related to cash held to secure leases. 7 Table of Contents Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. The primary objectives for the Company’s investment portfolio are the preservation of capital and the maintenance of liquidity. The Company does not enter into any investment transaction for trading or speculative purposes. The Company’s investment policy limits investments to certain types of instruments such as certificates of deposit, money market instruments, obligations issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government agencies as well as corporate debt securities, and places restrictions on maturities and concentration by type and issuer. The Company maintains cash balances in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and concentrated within a limited number of financial institutions. The accounts are monitored by management to mitigate the risk. The Company’s accounts receivables are composed of net sales of Jelmyto and Zusduri arising from the Company's arrangements with two customers, both of which are third -party national specialty distributors. The Company assesses the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts primarily based on creditworthiness, historical payment experience and general economic conditions. The Company has not experienced any credit losses related to arrangements with customers and has not currently recognized any allowance for doubtful accounts. Income Taxes The Company provides for income taxes based on pretax income, if any, and applicable tax rates available in the various jurisdictions in which it operates, including Israel and the United States. Deferred taxes are computed using the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates and laws. A valuation allowance is recognized to the extent that it is more likely than not that the deferred taxes will not be realized in the foreseeable future. The Company follows a two -step approach in recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. After concluding that a particular filing position can be recognized (i.e., has a more-likely-than- not chance of being sustained), ASC 740 - 10 - 30 - 7 requires that the amount of benefit recognized be measured using a methodology based on the concept of cumulative probability. Under this methodology, the amount of benefit recorded represents the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. See Note 17 for further discussion related to income taxes. Inventory The Company capitalizes inventory costs related to products to be sold in the ordinary course of business. The Company makes a determination of capitalizing inventory costs for a product based on, among other factors, status of regulatory approval, information regarding safety, efficacy and expectations relating to commercial sales and recoverability of costs. For both Jelmyto and Zusduri , the Company commenced capitalization of inventory at the receipt of FDA approval. Costs related to inventories that are not expected to be manufactured and sold within the next 12 months are classified as long-term assets and presented within "Other non-current assets" on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company values its inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company measures inventory approximating actual cost under a first -in, first -out basis. The Company assesses recoverability of inventory each reporting period to determine any write down to net realizable value resulting from excess or obsolete inventories . Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation, amortization and, if applicable, impairment charges. The Company reviews its property and equipment assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Property and equipment are depreciated over the following useful lives (in years): Useful Lives Computers and software 3 Laboratory equipment 3 - 6.5 Furniture 5 - 16.5 Manufacturing equipment 2 - 10 8 Table of Contents Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or lease terms. See Note 8 for further discussion regarding property and equipment. Prepaid Forward Obligation The Company is party to a transaction with RTW Investments (the “RTW Transaction”) in which the Company received funds to support the launch of Jelmyto and the development of Zusduri in return for tiered, future cash payments based on net sales of Jelmyto and Zusduri , and, subject to FDA approval, UGN- 103 and UGN- 104. The net proceeds received under the RTW Transaction were recognized as a long-term liability. The Company recognizes the current cash payable amounts under the arrangement within other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The subsequent measurement for the liability follows the accounting principles defined in ASC Topic 835 - 30, “Imputation of Interest”. See Note 9 for further discussion related to the prepaid forward obligation. Long-Term Debt The Company is party to a loan agreement with funds managed by Pharmakon Advisors, L.P. (“Pharmakon”). The Company recognizes interest expense in current earnings, and accrued interest within other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes capitalized financing expenses as a direct offset to the long-term debt on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets, and amortizes them over the term of the debt using the effective interest method. See Note 10 for further discussion related to long-term debt. Leases The Company is a lessee in several noncancelable operating and finance leases, primarily for office space, office equipment and vehicles. The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, “Leases.” The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company additionally evaluates leases at their inception to determine if they are to be accounted for as an operating lease or a finance lease. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term as of the commencement date. Certain adjustments to the ROU assets may be required for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received. Operating and finance lease ROU assets are presented as right-of-use assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The current portion of lease liabilities is included in other current liabilities, and the long-term portion is presented separately as long-term lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, the expense consists of interest on the lease liability and amortization of the ROU asset. Variable lease payments associated with the Company’s leases are recognized when the event, activity, or circumstance in the lease agreement on which those payments are assessed occurs. Variable lease payments are presented as selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate between lease and non-lease components. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend the lease. The lease extensions are included in the measurement of the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. Because the implicit rates of return on the Company’s leases are not readily determinable, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate, based on the information available at the commencement date, to determine the present value of lease payments on an individual lease basis. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest it would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. ROU assets for operating leases are periodically reviewed for impairment losses under ASC 360 - 10, “Property, Plant, and Equipment”, to determine whether an ROU asset is impaired, and if so, the amount of the impairment loss to recognize. Revenue Net revenue from product sales is recognized at the transaction price when the specialty distributors obtain control of the Company’s products, which occurs at a point in time when control is transferred either upon shipment or upon delivery of the product to the treating physician. All product sales of Jelmyto and Zusduri are recognized through the Company's arrangements with two customers as defined by ASC 606, both of which are third -party national specialty distributors. Net revenue recognized includes gross revenue and management’s estimate of returns, consideration paid to the customers, chargebacks relating to differences between the wholesale acquisition cost and the contracted price offered to the end consumer, chargebacks relating to 340B drug pricing programs and other government sponsored programs, Medicaid drug rebate programs, the Company’s copay assistance program, and Medicare refunds for discarded drug, which are estimated based on the contractual or statutory terms governing the arrangements and the Company’s historical experience. 9 Table of Contents Research and Development Expenses Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of the cost of salaries, share-based compensation expenses, payroll taxes and other employee benefits, subcontractors and materials used for research and development activities, including nonclinical studies, clinical trials, manufacturing costs and professional services. The costs of services performed by others in connection with the research and development activities of the Company, including research and development conducted by others on behalf of the Company, are included in research and development costs and expensed as the contracted work is performed. The Company accrues for costs incurred as the services are being provided by monitoring the status of the trial or project and the invoices received from its external service providers. The Company adjusts its accrual as actual costs become known. Where contingent milestone payments are due to third parties under research and development arrangements or license agreements, the milestone payment obligations are expensed when such development milestone results are achieved. When a transaction accounted for as an asset acquisition includes in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), the IPR&D asset is only capitalized as an intangible asset if it is determined to have an alternative future use other than in a particular research and development project. Otherwise, acquired IPR&D is recognized as research and development expenses in the period the transaction is closed. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs (including share-based compensation related to directors, employees and consultants). Other significant costs include commercial, medical affairs, external professional service costs, facility costs, accounting and audit services, legal services and other consulting fees. Selling, general and administrative costs are expensed as incurred, and the Company accrues for services provided by third parties related to the above expenses by monitoring the status of services provided and receiving estimates from its service providers and adjusting its accruals as actual costs become known. Share-Based Compensation Share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the required service period, which is equal to the vesting period. For performance stock units (“PSUs”), cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over any relevant service period as expense when the achievement of the performance condition is probable. PSUs that include both a performance condition and a service condition are subject to graded vesting, and the related compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche. The fair value of options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of a restricted stock unit (“RSU”) or a PSU equals the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on the grant date. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation”. The Company elected to recognize compensation costs for awards conditioned only on continued service that have a graded vesting schedule using the straight-line method and to value the awards based on the single-option award approach. Pre-funded Warrants The Company issued pre-funded warrants in connection with both a private placement transaction and a public offering transaction that are accounted for as a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument that meets the criteria for equity classification under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” Accordingly, the Company classifies the pre-funded warrants as a component of permanent shareholders’ equity within additional paid-in capital and records them at the applicable issuance date using a relative fair value allocation method. The Company valued the pre-funded warrants at the applicable issuance date, concluding that their sales price approximated their fair value, and allocated the net sales proceeds from the applicable equity transaction proportionately to the ordinary shares and pre-funded warrants. Net Loss per Ordinary Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per share is computed similarly to basic net loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional ordinary shares that would have been outstanding if the potential ordinary shares had been issued and if the additional ordinary shares were dilutive. For all periods presented, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of fully diluted loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive. The Company’s pre-funded warrants require the holder to pay nominal consideration to receive the Company’s ordinary shares and are therefore considered outstanding shares in determining basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share.” Recently Adopted or Issued Accounting Pronouncements In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023 - 09, Income Taxes (Topic 740 ): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023 - 09” ), which will require the Company to disclose specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023 - 09 will also require the Company to disaggregate its income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for significant individual jurisdictions. The Company will adopt ASU 2023 - 09 for the 2025 year-end and is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption on the Company’s financial disclosures. ASU 2023 - 09 allows for adoption using either a prospective or retrospective transition method. In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024 - 03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220 - 40 ) ("ASU 2024 - 03" ), which provides guidance to improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of ASU 2024 - 03 on the Company’s financial disclosures. In July 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2025 - 05, Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets (“ASU 2025 - 05” ), which clarifies the application of the current expected credit losses (CECL) model under ASC 326 to current accounts receivable and contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers . The guidance, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and will be adopted prospectively, is intended to provide consistency in estimating expected credit losses for short-term receivables and contract assets. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2025 - 05 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows as the Company’s trade receivables primarily arise from product sales recognized at a point in time and are due from two large, established customers, both of which are third -party national specialty distributors, with short payment terms. The Company has reviewed other Accounting Standards Updates recently issued by the FASB, and determined that none of these pronouncements will have a significant impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 10 Table of Contents Note 4 – Other Financial Information Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands): September 30, December 31, 2025 2024 Accounts payable $ 10,279 $ 10,931 Accrued sales reserves 7,700 5,151 Accrued clinical expenses 1,892 2,027 Accrued research and development expenses 737 2,173 Accrued selling, general and administrative expenses 4,414 6,000 Accrued other expenses 1,151 1,149 Total accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 26,173 $ 27,431 Interest and Other Income, Net Interest and other income, net consisted of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Interest income $ 1,176 $ 2,757 $ 5,057 $ 6,089 Other loss, net ( 197 ) ( 158 ) ( 665 ) ( 167 ) Total interest and other income, net $ 979 $ 2,599 $ 4,392 $ 5,922 Note 5 – Inventories Inventories consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands): September 30, December 31, 2025 2024 Raw materials (1) $ 4,759 $ 4,924 Finished goods 3,582 4,522 Total inventories $ 8,341 $ 9,446 ( 1 ) $ 0.2 million of raw materials are included within other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2024. These raw materials are not expected to be manufactured and sold within the next 12 months. Changes in non-current inventories are reflected on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows within the caption of other non-current assets. No raw materials were included as other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2025. Note 6 – Fair Value Measurements The Company follows authoritative accounting guidance, which among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. 11 Table of Contents As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three -tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions. The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash, restricted cash, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are generally considered to be representative of their fair value because of the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. The carrying value of the prepaid forward obligation (See Note 9 - Prepaid Forward Obligation) approximates its fair value. The Company estimated the fair value of the prepaid forward obligation using Level 3 inputs, including internally developed financial forecasts and management's estimate of probability of success related to product candidates, and determined that the effective interest rate in the obligation approximates market rates for loans with similar terms and risk characteristics. The Company estimated the fair value of long-term debt (see Note 10 - Long-Term Debt) using the income approach with Level 3 inputs. The Company estimated future floating rate interest payments using a forward curve of a three -month benchmark rate, and estimated fair value based on publicly available data reported in the financial statements of publicly traded venture lending companies. Based on a reasonable range of yields for debt instruments of similar tenor in a similar industry, the Company determined that the carrying value of the long-term debt on the Company's balance sheet approximates its fair value. No transfers between levels have occurred during the periods presented. Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurement criteria as of September 30, 2025 are as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements Using Quoted Prices Significant in Active Other Balance as of Markets for Observable September 30, Identical Assets Inputs 2025 (Level 1) (Level 2) Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds $ 2,569 $ 2,569 $ — U.S. government 11,304 11,304 — Commercial paper 12,566 — 12,566 Total cash equivalents 26,439 13,873 12,566 Marketable securities U.S. government 24,024 24,024 — Corporate bonds 6,378 — 6,378 Commercial paper 2,881 — 2,881 Certificates of deposit 4,091 — 4,091 Total marketable securities 37,374 24,024 13,350 Total assets at fair value $ 63,813 $ 37,897 $ 25,916 Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurement criteria as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements Using Quoted Prices Significant in Active Other Balance as of Markets for Observable December 31, Identical Assets Inputs 2024 (Level 1) (Level 2) Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds $ 41,008 $ 41,008 $ — Marketable securities U.S. government 26,053 26,053 — Corporate bonds 14,980 — 14,980 Commercial paper 26,622 — 26,622 Certificates of deposit 2,065 — 2,065 Total marketable securities 69,720 26,053 43,667 Total assets at fair value $ 110,728 $ 67,061 $ 43,667 The Company’s investments in U.S. government bonds and money market funds are measured based on publicly available quoted market prices for identical securities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 . The Company's investments in corporate bonds, commercial paper and certificates of deposits are measured based on quotes from market makers for similar items in active markets. 12 Table of Contents Note 7 – Investments The following table summarizes the Company’s investments as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands): Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Cost Basis Gains Losses Fair Value Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds $ 2,569 $ — $ — $ 2,569 U.S. government 11,305 — ( 1 ) 11,304 Commercial paper 12,567 — ( 1 ) 12,566 Total cash equivalents 26,441 — ( 2 ) 26,439 Marketable securities: U.S. government 24,025 — ( 1 ) 24,024 Corporate bonds 6,356 22 — 6,378 Commercial paper 2,879 2 — 2,881 Certificates of deposit 4,089 2 — 4,091 Total marketable securities 37,349 26 ( 1 ) 37,374 Total assets at fair value $ 63,790 $ 26 $ ( 3 ) $ 63,813 The Company classifies its investments as available-for-sale, and they consist entirely of debt securities. As of September 30, 2025 , the amortized cost of investments included an immaterial amount of accrued interest. As of September 30, 2025 , marketable securities were in a net unrealized gain position. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are included as a component of comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2025 , the aggregate fair value of investments held by the Company in an unrealized loss position was $ 45.1 million which consisted of 16 securities. The unrealized loss was primarily driven by minor fluctuations in the fair value of U.S. government securities. The Company does not expect to settle the debentures at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investment; the Company expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. In accordance with the Company’s general investment strategy, the Company does not intend to sell the investments before maturity. As of September 30, 2025 , the Company believes the cost basis for its marketable securities was recoverable in all material aspects and no allowance for credit losses was recognized in the period. The Company’s investments as of September 30, 2025 mature at various dates through November 2026. The fair values of investments by contractual maturity consist of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, 2025 2024 Maturities within one year $ 63,433 $ 105,706 Maturities after one year through three years 380 5,022 Total investments $ 63,813 $ 110,728 Note 8 – Property and Equipment Property and equipment, consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands): September 30, December 31, 2025 2024 Laboratory equipment $ 504 $ 473 Computer equipment and software 2,783 2,542 Furniture 612 612 Leasehold improvements 626 626 Manufacturing equipment 683 683 5,208 4,936 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization ( 4,513 ) ( 4,281 ) Property and equipment, net $ 695 $ 655 Depreciation and amortization expense was $ 0.1 million and $ 0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 , respectively, and $ 0.1 million and $ 0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 , respectively. 13 Table of Contents Note 9 – Prepaid Forward Obligation In March 2021, the Company entered into a prepaid forward agreement with RTW Investments (“RTW”). Under the terms of the RTW Transaction, the Company received $ 75.0 million ( $ 72.4 million net of transaction costs) to support the launch of Jelmyto and the development of Zusduri . In return for the transferred funds, RTW is entitled to receive tiered, future cash payments based on aggregate worldwide annual net product sales of Jelmyto and, subject to FDA approval, UGN- 104, in an amount equal to: (i) 9.5 % of annual net sales up to $200 million, (ii) 3.0 % of annual net sales for annual net sales between $200 million and $300 million, and (iii) 1.0 % of annual net sales for annual net sales above $300 million. If certain revenue thresholds for Jelmyto aggregate worldwide annual net sales are not met, the future cash payments to RTW with respect to Jelmyto annual net sales up to $ 200 million will increase by 3.5 %, and may decrease back to 9.5 % dependent on the Company meeting certain subsequent Jelmyto aggregate worldwide annual net sales thresholds. The rate in effect for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 for annual net sales up to $ 200 million was 13.0 %. RTW is entitled to receive tiered, future cash payments based on aggregate worldwide annual net product sales of Zusduri and, subject to FDA approval, UGN- 103, in an amount equal to: (i) 2.5 % of annual net sales up to $200 million, (ii) 1.0 % of annual net sales for annual net sales between $200 million and $300 million, and (iii) 0.5 % of annual net sales for annual net sales above $300 million. In accordance with the prepaid forward agreement, the Company will be required to make payments of amounts owed to RTW each calendar quarter, through and until the quarter in which the aggregate cash payments received by RTW are equal to or greater than $300 million. As of September 30, 2025 , the cumulative amounts paid and payable by the Company were $ 44.0 million. As security for the payment and fulfilment of these amounts throughout the arrangement, the Company has granted RTW a first priority security interest in Jelmyto, Zusduri , UGN- 103 and UGN- 104, including the regulatory approvals, intellectual property, material agreements, proceeds and accounts receivable related to these products. In May 2021 , following the receipt of necessary regulatory approvals, the Company received the $ 75.0 million prepaid forward payment ($ 72.4 million net of transaction costs) from RTW and recognized an associated prepaid forward obligation liability. Each period the Company makes a payment to RTW, an expense is recognized related to financing on the prepaid forward obligation based on an imputed rate derived from the expected future payments. Management reassesses the effective rate each period based on the current carrying value of the obligation and the revised estimated future payments. Changes in future payments from previous estimates are included in future financing expenses. The Company is not contractually obligated, nor does it anticipate making any repayments of the original $ 75.0 million received to RTW in the next 12 months. The following table shows the activity with respect to the carrying value of the prepaid forward liability for the year ended December 31, 2024 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 , in thousands: Carrying value of prepaid forward obligation as of December 31, 2023 $ 109,722 Financing on prepaid forward obligation 23,411 Amounts paid and payable (1) ( 11,746 ) Carrying value of prepaid forward obligation as of December 31, 2024 121,387 Financing on prepaid forward obligation 13,848 Amounts paid and payable (1) ( 9,168 ) Carrying value of prepaid forward obligation as of September 30, 2025 $ 126,067 ( 1 ) $ 3.4 million and $ 6.5 million of the Amounts paid and payable are included as the current portion of the prepaid forward obligation within other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 , and December 31, 2024, respectively. 14 Table of Contents Note 10 – Long-Term Debt On March 7, 2022, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Pharmakon for a senior secured term loan of up to $ 100 million in two tranches. The first tranche of $ 75 million was funded in March 2022. The second tranche of $ 25 million was funded in December 2022. On June 29, 2023, the loan agreement with Pharmakon was amended to replace the benchmark governing the interest rate with a rate based on the secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Effective July 2023, the loan accrued interest using a benchmark rate of three -month SOFR plus 8.25 % plus an additional adjustment of 0.26161 %. On March 13, 2024, the Company entered into an amended and restated loan agreement with Pharmakon for an additional third and fourth tranche of senior secured loan. The third tranche of $ 25.0 million was funded in September 2024. The fourth tranche of $ 75.0 million became available at the Company's option no later than August 29, 2025, based upon having received FDA approval of a new drug application (“NDA”) for Zusduri by June 30, 2025. The Company did not draw down the fourth tranche. Under the amended and restated loan agreement, all outstanding loans with Pharmakon accrue interest using a benchmark rate of three -month SOFR plus 7.25 % plus an additional adjustment of 0.26161 %. Per the terms of the agreement, the Company received a one -year extension on the repayment period for all outstanding loans following the FDA's approval of the NDA for Zusduri . All outstanding principal will be required to be repaid in four equal quarterly installments commencing in the second quarter of 2027. All outstanding loans with Pharmakon can be prepaid in whole at the Company's discretion, at any time, subject to prepayment premiums and make-whole amounts. The Company is not required to maintain any financial covenants. The Company incurred financing expenses of $ 4.2 million related to the first and second tranches funded in 2022, and $ 0.5 million related to the third tranche funded in 2024, which are recognized as a direct offset to the long-term debt on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. These debt issuance costs are amortized over the term of the debt using the effective interest method, and are recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as "Interest expense". The following table shows the activity with respect to the carrying value of the long-term debt, in thousands: Carrying value of Pharmakon loan as of December 31, 2023 $ 98,551 Third tranche of Pharmakon loan 25,000 Capitalized costs and discounts ( 512 ) Interest expense 12,521 Amounts paid ( 13,826 ) Carrying value of Pharmakon loan as of December 31, 2024 121,734 Interest expense 11,573 Amounts paid ( 11,196 ) Carrying value of Pharmakon loan as of September 30, 2025 $ 122,111 Note 11 – Leases Operating Leases The Company had the following office and laboratory facility leases during the periods covered by this report: • In April 2016, UPL signed an addendum to its November 2014 lease agreement for the Company’s offices located in Israel, in order to increase the office space rented and to extend the rent period for an additional three years until August 2022. In July 2022, the Company signed a lease extension agreement for the Company’s offices located in Israel, extending the term of the lease through September 2025, and, effective as of June 2025, was renewed through September 2028. The Company's remaining contractual obligation under this lease is approximately $ 0.9 million as of September 30, 2025 . • In April 2018, UPI entered into a new lease agreement for an office in Los Angeles, California. The lease commencement date was July 10, 2018 and terminated in March 2024. The landlord provided a tenant allowance for leasehold improvements of $ 0.2 million that was accounted for as a lease incentive. In November 2019, UPI entered into a sublease for this office space, with a lease commencement date of January 1, 2020 which continued until the end of the lease term in March 2024. The subtenants exercised their early access clause and moved into the premises at the end of November 2019. The Company accounted for the sublease as an operating lease in accordance with ASC 842. • In November 2019, UPI entered into a new lease agreement for an office in Princeton, New Jersey, which the Company now uses as its headquarters. The lease commencement date was November 29, 2019 with an original lease term of 38 months, expiring January 31, 2023. In June 2022, the Company signed a lease extension for the Princeton office, extending the term of the lease through January 31, 2026. In August 2025, the Company signed an additional lease extension for the Princeton office, extending the term of the lease through April 30, 2031. The Company concluded that the lease renewal option in the agreement is not reasonably certain to be exercised. The modification did not result in a separate lease under ASC 842. As a result, the Company remeasured its lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset using its incremental borrowing rate at the modification date. The Company’s remaining contractual obligation under this lease is approximately $ 3.2 million as of September 30, 2025 . 15 Table of Contents Finance Leases • In July 2024, UPI entered into a new master lease agreement for vehicles, primarily for use by employees in sales, field services, and roles that require regular travel. Under the terms of the master lease agreement, the Company will lease various vehicles from time to time with an initial lease term of 48 months commencing on the delivery date of the vehicle with an option to continue month-to-month for an unlimited period of time. Lease payments are fixed, with payments due monthly in advance, and include charges for depreciation, maintenance, and other related services. At the end of each lease term, the Company is required to make a terminal rental adjustment based on the difference between the vehicle’s contractual book value and its estimated wholesale value, which may result in additional payments or refunds. The Company may also be required to pay additional rent if the vehicle exceeds certain mileage limits or shows abnormal wear and tear during the lease term. The Company’s remaining contractual obligation relating to the leases entered into under this master agreement is approximately $ 6.0 million as of September 30, 2025 . In addition, the Company has other operating office equipment and vehicle leases. The Company’s operating leases may require minimum rent payments, contingent rent payments adjusted periodically for inflation, or rent payments equal to the greater of a minimum rent or contingent rent. The Company’s leases do not contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company’s leases expire at various dates from 2026 through 2031, with varying renewal and termination options. The components of lease cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Finance lease cost: Amortization of right-of-use assets $ 382 $ — $ 901 $ — Interest on lease liabilities 163 — 396 — Operating lease cost 321 225 773 675 Sublease income — — — ( 42 ) Variable lease cost 18 14 47 57 $ 884 $ 239 $ 2,117 $ 690 16 Table of Contents The amounts recognized as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands): September 30, December 31, 2025 2024 Finance lease right-of-use assets $ 5,391 $ 2,285 Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,098 849 Finance long-term lease liabilities 3,567 1,595 Operating long-term lease liabilities 2,674 58 Other current liabilities related to finance leases 1,159 745 Other current liabilities related to operating leases 429 785 As of September 30, 2025 , no impairment losses have been recognized. Supplemental information related to leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (in thousands, except for lease terms and discount rate amounts): Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Financing cash flows from finance leases $ 2,030 $ — Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 670 $ 714 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities $ 4,007 $ — Weighted-average remaining lease term of finance leases (in years) 3.40 — Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases (in years) 4.84 1.26 Weighted-average discount rate of finance leases 13.82 % — Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases 11.77 % 10.26 % As of September 30, 2025 , maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): Finance Leases Years ending December 31, Remainder of 2025 $ 435 2026 1,741 2027 1,741 2028 1,716 2029 and there after 333 Total future minimum lease payments 5,966 Less: Interest ( 1,240 ) Present value of lease liabilities $ 4,726 Operating Leases Years ending December 31, Remainder of 2025 $ 234 2026 747 2027 887 2028 821 2029 603 2030 and there after 819 Total future minimum lease payments 4,111 Less: Interest ( 1,008 ) Present value of lease liabilities $ 3,103 As of September 30, 2024, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): Operating Leases Years ending December 31, Remainder of 2024 $ 219 2025 820 2026 58 Total future minimum lease payments 1,097 Less: Interest ( 60 ) Present value of lease liabilities $ 1,037 17 Table of Contents Note 12 – Revenue From Product Sales Net product sales consist of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Jelmyto $ 25,703 $ 25,204 $ 70,172 $ 65,833 Zusduri 1,779 — 1,779 — Total Revenue $ 27,482 $ 25,204 $ 71,951 $ 65,833 All product sales of Jelmyto and Zusduri are recognized through the Company's arrangements with two customers as defined by ASC 606, both of which are third -party national specialty distributors. The Company's largest customer comprises approximately 75 % and 80 % of product sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 , respectively, and approximately 87 % and 93 % of product sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Company's largest customer comprises approximately 70 % and 80 % of accounts receivables at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Net revenue recognized includes gross revenue and management’s estimate of returns, consideration paid to the customers, chargebacks relating to differences between the wholesale acquisition cost and the contracted price offered to the end consumer, chargebacks relating to 340B drug pricing programs and other government sponsored programs, Medicaid drug rebate programs, the Company’s copay assistance program, and Medicare refunds for discarded drug. The Company does not anticipate any Medicare refunds for discarded drug for Zusduri . The Company estimates these elements of variable consideration based on the contractual or statutory terms governing the arrangements and the Company’s historical experience, and constrains the net revenue recognized for product sales to the value that is not probable to be reversed when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Reserves for chargebacks and returns are net settled and recognized as contra accounts receivable while the remaining reserves are recognized within other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table shows the activity with respect to sales reserves for the period ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands): Reserves related to government sponsored programs Medicare refunds for discarded drug reserve Other reserves Total accrued sales reserves Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 887 $ 7,729 $ 1,946 $ 10,562 Accruals 12,109 3,005 8,361 23,475 Utilizations ( 10,787 ) ( 3,809 ) ( 8,042 ) ( 22,638 ) Changes to prior period estimates — ( 414 ) — ( 414 ) Balance as of September 30, 2025 $ 2,209 $ 6,511 $ 2,265 $ 10,985 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 1,062 $ 3,451 $ 1,458 $ 5,971 Accruals 9,833 3,113 7,703 20,649 Utilizations ( 10,206 ) — ( 7,219 ) ( 17,425 ) Balance as of September 30, 2024 $ 689 $ 6,564 $ 1,942 $ 9,195 Note 13 – License and Collaboration Agreements Agenus Agreement In November 2019, the Company entered into a license agreement with Agenus Inc. ("Agenus"), pursuant to which Agenus granted to the Company an exclusive, worldwide ( not including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and their respective territories and possessions), royalty-bearing, sublicensable license under Agenus’s intellectual property rights to develop, make, use, sell, import, and otherwise commercialize products incorporating a proprietary monoclonal antibody of Agenus known as AGEN1884 (zalifrelimab), an anti-CTLA- 4 antagonist, for the treatment of cancers of the urinary tract via intravesical delivery. UGN- 301 is a formulation of zalifrelimab administered using RTGel technology that is in Phase 1 clinical development for high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer ("high-grade NMIBC"). See Note 21 for further discussion related to the Agenus agreement. 18 Table of Contents Note 14 – Acquisitions On February 14, 2025 ( the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (as amended, the “Agreement”) with IconOVir Bio, Inc. (“IconOVir”), pursuant to which the Company purchased and acquired certain assets of IconOVir (the “Transferred Assets”), including the product candidate ICVB- 1042 and certain contracts, intellectual property rights, regulatory applications, submissions and registrations, and data and other rights related thereto, and assumed certain liabilities and obligations of IconOVir arising under certain contracts of IconOVir acquired by the Company. As consideration for the Transferred Assets and subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement, on the Closing Date the Company (i) issued 374,843 ordinary shares of the Company (the “Company Shares”) to IconOVir, which represented a purchase price of $ 4.0 million divided by the volume-weighted average closing price of the Company Shares on The Nasdaq Stock Market over the 30 consecutive trading days ending on (and including) the trading day immediately prior to the Closing Date, (ii) agreed to pay IconOVir a one -time payment of $ 15.0 million in cash upon the achievement of a cumulative aggregate worldwide net sales milestone for all products, including combination products, that incorporate or comprise ICVB- 1042 (“ICVB Products”), (iii) agreed to pay IconOVir a low, single-digit percentage royalty, on an ICVB Product-by-ICVB Product basis, on the annual, worldwide net sales of such ICVB Product during the royalty term, subject to certain reductions as set forth in the Agreement, and (iv) agreed to assume certain immaterial liabilities arising under certain acquired contracts ((i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) collectively, the “Purchase Price”). The Company also granted IconOVir certain piggyback registration rights with respect to the Company Shares issued to IconOVir, subject to customary exceptions and cutback rights. Entities affiliated with Arie Belldegrun, M.D., the Chair of the Board of Directors of the Company, held certain promissory notes of IconOVir at the time, that may entitle such entities to receive, in the aggregate, approximately 28.3 % of the Purchase Price paid to IconOVir pursuant to the Agreement. The Company evaluates acquisitions of assets and other similar transactions to assess whether the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition by first applying a screen test to determine whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The cost of an asset acquisition is allocated to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on a relative fair value basis. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition. Any contingent consideration in an asset acquisition is recognized only when amounts are both probable and estimable, at which point the consideration is allocated to the assets acquired on a relative fair value basis. Based on the Company's assessment of the value of the assets acquired as well as consideration of the inputs, processes and outputs, the Company concluded that this represented an asset acquisition. When a transaction accounted for as an asset acquisition includes IPR&D, the IPR&D asset is only capitalized as an intangible asset if it is determined to have an alternative future use other than in a particular research and development project. Otherwise, amounts allocated to the IPR&D are recognized as research and development expenses in the period. The Company accounted for the acquisition of the Transferred Assets from IconOVir as an asset acquisition. The Company determined the fair value of the consideration transferred was $ 3.1 million, which represented the fair value of the unregistered shares at issuance date. Given the early-stage nature of such assets and level of further development necessary to produce an output, the Company recognized the cost of the acquisition as a research and development expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. 19 Table of Contents Note 15 – Shareholders ’ Equity The Company had 100.0 million ordinary shares authorized for issuance as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 . The Company had 46.8 million and 42.2 million ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 , respectively. Each ordinary share is entitled to one vote. The holders of ordinary shares are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available, when and if declared by the Board of Directors (the “Board”). Since the Company's inception, the Board has not declared any dividends. ATM Sales Agreement In December 2019, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “ATM Sales Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”) pursuant to which the Company may from time to time offer and sell the Company's ordinary shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $ 100.0 million. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company sold 3,400,468 ordinary shares under the ATM Sales Agreement, for gross proceeds of approximately $ 56.1 million. The net proceeds to the Company after deducting sales commissions to Cowen were approximately $ 54.7 million. During the third quarter of 2025, the Company sold 416,248 ordinary shares under the ATM Sales Agreement, for gross proceeds of approximately $ 8.2 million. The net proceeds to the Company after deducting sales commissions to Cowen were approximately $ 8.0 million. The remaining capacity under the ATM Sales Agreement was approximately $ 19.1 million as of September 30, 2025. The shares will be offered and sold pursuant to the Company's shelf registration statement on Form S- 3 filed with the SEC on November 15, 2022, which was declared effective on November 29, 2022, or a subsequent shelf registration statement. Securities Purchase Agreement On July 26, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional and other accredited investors (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue to the Purchasers 7,300,380 ordinary shares of the Company (“Shares”) and 5,278,776 of pre-funded warrants to purchase ordinary shares of the Company at a purchase price of $ 9.54 per Share or $ 9.539 for each ordinary share underlying a pre-funded warrant, in a private placement transaction that closed on July 28, 2023 and August 9, 2023 ( the “Private Placement”) for aggregate gross proceeds of $ 120.0 million, before deducting fees to placement agents and financial advisors and before other expenses paid by the Company. Each pre-funded warrant has an exercise price of $ 0.001 per ordinary share, subject to customary adjustments, became exercisable upon original issuance and will not expire until exercised in full. The pre-funded warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of ordinary shares beneficially owned by the holder thereof immediately following such exercise would exceed a specified beneficial ownership limitation. The aggregate fee paid by the Company to placement agents and financial advisors was $ 3.6 million, plus the reimbursement of certain expenses. Resales of the Shares and the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants were registered pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S- 3 (File No. 333 - 274423 ) filed with the SEC on September 8, 2023, which was declared effective on September 15, 2023. On December 20, 2023, the Company issued 1,599,733 ordinary shares through a cashless exercise of 1,599,840 pre-funded warrants for the purchase of ordinary shares of the Company. On January 24, 2025, the Company issued 3,206,271 ordinary shares upon exercise of 3,206,271 pre-funded warrants for the purchase of ordinary shares of the Company. As of September 30, 2025, 472,665 pre-funded warrants from the Purchase Agreement remain outstanding. Monograph Capital Partners I, L.P. (“Monograph”), a life sciences venture firm that is affiliated with Fred Cohen, M.D., purchased 1,572,327 of the Shares in the Private Placement, for an aggregate purchase price of $ 15.0 million. Dr. Cohen was a director of the Company and the Chair and Chief Investment Officer of Monograph at the time of purchase. Underwritten Public Offering On June 17, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with TD Securities (USA) LLC and Guggenheim Securities, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (collectively, the “Underwriters”), relating to the issuance and sale in a public offering of 5,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company for $ 17.50 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase 1,142,857 ordinary shares of the Company for $ 17.499 per pre-funded warrant. The offering closed on June 20, 2024. The gross proceeds to the Company from this closing of the offering were $ 107.5 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses paid by the Company of $ 7.3 million. Each pre-funded warrant has an exercise price of $ 0.001 per ordinary share, subject to customary adjustments, is exercisable at any time and will not expire until exercised in full. The pre-funded warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of ordinary shares beneficially owned by the holder thereof immediately following such exercise would exceed a specified beneficial ownership limitation. As of September 30, 2025, all 1,142,857 pre-funded warrants remain outstanding. In addition, the Underwriters were granted an option exercisable for 30 days, to purchase up to 921,428 additional shares at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. On July 18, 2024, the Company completed the closing of the sale of 921,428 additional shares in the offering following the exercise in full of the Underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, which resulted in additional gross proceeds to the Company of $ 16.1 million before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses paid by the Company of $ 1.0 million. 20 Table of Contents Note 16 – Share-Based Compensation In October 2010, the Board approved a share option plan (the "2010 Plan") for grants to Company employees, consultants, directors, and other service providers. Subsequently, in March 2017, the Board adopted the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2017 Plan" and, together with the 2010 Plan, the "Plans"), which was approved by the shareholders in April 2017. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, RSU awards, performance share awards, performance cash awards, and other forms of share awards to the Company's employees, directors and consultants. The grant of options to Israeli employees under the Plans is subject to the terms stipulated by Section 102 of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance (“Section 102” ). The option grants are subject to the track chosen by the Company, either the “regular income” track or the “capital gains” track, as set out in Section 102. The Company registered the Plans under the capital gains track, which offers more favorable tax rates to the employees. As a result, and pursuant to the terms of Section 102, the Company is not allowed to claim as an expense for tax purposes the amounts credited to the employees in respect of options granted to them under the Plans, including amounts recorded as salary benefits in the Company’s accounts, with the exception of the work-income benefit component, if any, determined on grant date. For non-employees and for non-Israeli employees, the Plans are subject to Section 3 (i) of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance. Employees are typically granted stock options and/or RSUs, upon commencement of employment. Also, eligible employees may receive an annual grant of options, RSUs and/or PSUs. Non-employee members of the Board typically receive a grant of stock options upon initial appointment to the Board, and/or stock options annually. The term of any option granted under the Plans cannot exceed 10 years. Options shall not have an exercise price less than 100 % of the fair market value of the Company’s ordinary shares on the grant date, and generally vest over a period of three years. If the individual possesses more than 10 % of the combined voting power of all classes of equity of the Company, the exercise price shall not be less than 110 % of the fair market value of an ordinary share on the date of grant. The Company’s RSU and option grants provide for accelerated or continued vesting in certain circumstances as defined in the Plans and related grant agreements, including a termination in connection with a change in control. RSUs generally vest in a 33 % increment upon the first anniversary of grant, and in either equal quarterly or annual amounts for the two years following the one -year anniversary of the grant date. Options generally vest in a 33 % increment upon the first anniversary of the grant date, and in either equal quarterly or annual amounts for the two years following the one -year anniversary of the grant date. The Company also grants PSUs to certain employees. The PSUs granted during 2023 vested upon U.S. regulatory approval of Zusduri . The PSUs granted in 2024 vested upon the achievement of the first commercial sale of Zusduri in the United States following receipt of U.S. regulatory approval. The PSUs granted in 2025 vest based on both performance and service conditions, with one - third of each award vesting upon the filing of financial statements reflecting the achievement of a net product sales target and with one - third vesting on January 31 st of each of the next two calendar years following such achievement, subject to continued service on each vesting date. In June 2024, the Company amended certain RSU and PSU awards granted to its chief executive officer to defer vesting until the end of 2025. The Company accounted for the modification as a Type I probable-to-probable modification under ASC 718. As the modification did not result in any incremental fair value at the modification date, the Company continues to recognize the original grant-date fair value ratably over the original service period or expected performance period. The maximum number of ordinary shares that was initially authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan was 1,400,000 . On January 1, 2018, the share reserve increased by 250,167 shares to a total share reserve of 1,650,167 shares. On October 12, 2018, the Company increased the number of ordinary shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 1,900,000 shares to a total share reserve of 3,550,167 shares. On June 8, 2020, the Company’s shareholders approved an increase to the number of ordinary shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 400,000 shares to a total share reserve of 3,950,167 shares. On June 7, 2021, the Company’s shareholders approved an increase to the number of ordinary shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 400,000 shares to a total share reserve of 4,350,167 shares. On June 8, 2022, the Company's shareholders approved an increase to the number of ordinary shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 400,000 shares to a total share reserve of 4,750,167 shares. On September 7, 2023, the Company's shareholders approved an increase to the number of ordinary shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 450,000 shares to a total share reserve of 5,200,167 shares. On August 6, 2024, the Company's shareholders approved an increase to the number of ordinary shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 800,000 shares to a total share reserve of 6,000,167 shares. On August 26, 2025, the Company's shareholders approved an increase to the number of ordinary shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 2,750,000 shares to a total share reserve of 8,750,167 shares. In May 2019, the Company adopted the UroGen Pharma Ltd. 2019 Inducement Plan (the “Inducement Plan”). Under the Inducement Plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 900,000 ordinary shares pursuant to inducement awards. The only persons eligible to receive grants under the Inducement Plan are individuals who satisfy the standards for inducement grants under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5635 (c)( 4 ) and the related guidance under Nasdaq IM 5635 - 1, including individuals who were not previously an employee or director of the Company or are following a bona fide period of non-employment, in each case as an inducement material to such individual’s agreement to enter into employment with the Company. In December 2021, the Board approved an increase to the number of shares authorized for issuance under the Inducement Plan of 300,000 shares. In June 2024, the Board approved an increase to the number of shares authorized for issuance under the Inducement Plan of 600,000 shares to a total share reserve of 1,800,000 shares. As of September 30, 2025 , 4,483,063 ordinary shares are subject to outstanding awards under the Company's share-based compensation plans and 739,197 ordinary shares remain available for future awards. 21 Table of Contents The following table illustrates the effect of share-based compensation on the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Research and development expenses $ 726 $ 579 $ 1,776 $ 1,691 Selling, general and administrative expenses 2,301 2,910 7,053 8,114 Total share-based compensation expense $ 3,027 $ 3,489 $ 8,829 $ 9,805 The total unrecognized compensation cost of options, RSUs and PSUs at September 30, 2025 is $ 17.6 million with a weighted average recognition period of 1.82 years. Note 17 – Income Taxes UroGen Pharma Ltd. is taxed under Israeli tax laws. As of September 30, 2025 , the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets for all jurisdictions. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all sources of taxable income available to realize the deferred tax asset, including the future reversal of existing temporary differences, forecasts of future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. The Company has cumulative global pretax losses for the years ended 2024, 2023 and 2022, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 . The Company will continue to assess the extent to which its deferred tax assets may be realized in the future and will adjust the valuation allowance as needed. The Company has a liability for uncertain tax positions of $ 3.8 million as of September 30, 2025 , for tax positions relating to transfer pricing between affiliated entities. The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. As of September 30, 2025 , the Company’s liability for uncertain tax positions includes $ 1.8 million of accrued interest and penalties. The Company operates on a global basis and is subject to tax laws and regulations in the United States and Israel. The estimate of the Company’s tax liabilities relating to uncertain tax positions requires management to assess uncertainties and to make judgments about the application of complex tax laws and regulations, expectations regarding the outcome of tax authority examinations, as well as the ultimate measurement of potential liabilities. The uncertain tax positions are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as events occur that could affect potential liabilities for additional taxes, including lapsing of applicable statutes of limitations, correspondence with tax authorities, proposed assessments by tax authorities, identification of new issues, and issuance of new legislation or regulations. The Company believes that adequate amounts of tax have been provided in income tax expense for any adjustments that may result from its uncertain tax positions. Approximately $ 1.4 million of the liability for uncertain tax positions relate to tax years for which the statute of limitations will expire within the next 12 months. Based upon the information currently available, the Company does not reasonably expect any other changes in its existing uncertain tax positions in the next 12 months and has recorded the gross uncertain tax positions as a long-term liability. On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was signed into law in the U.S. The OBBBA includes changes to U.S. federal income tax, including the temporary and permanent extension of expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The Company has recognized the effects of the OBBBA in the quarter ended September 30, 2025 , with the provision reinstating the ability for entities to immediately expense domestic research and development expenditures driving a resulting income tax benefit of approximately $ 1.1 million. Note 18 – Related Parties See Note 14 for discussion related to an asset purchase in February 2025 which involved a related party. There were no further related party transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024. Note 19 – Commitments and Contingencies In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of indemnifications with its employees, licensors, suppliers and service providers. Further, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers who are, or were, serving at the Company’s request in such capacities. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 . The Company does not anticipate recognizing any significant losses relating to these arrangements. On February 25, 2024, the Company received from Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Teva”), a Paragraph IV Certification Notice Letter dated February 20, 2024, providing notification that Teva submitted an abbreviated new drug application ("ANDA") to the FDA seeking approval to manufacture, use or sell a generic version of Jelmyto . In the Notice Letter, Teva alleges that two of the patents listed in the FDA Orange Book for Jelmyto , U.S. Patent Numbers 9,040,074 and 9,950,069, each of which expires in January 2031, are invalid, unenforceable, or will not be infringed by Teva’s manufacture, use, or sale of the generic product described in its ANDA submission. On April 2, 2024, the Company filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., alleging infringement of U.S. Patent Numbers 9,040,074 and 9,950,069 and seeking a permanent injunction preventing U.S. market entry of Teva’s generic product prior to the expiry of such patents. The Company stipulated to the dismissal of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. without prejudice and the action continues against the other two Teva entities. On May 19, 2025, the Company filed an amended complaint in this action, adding U.S. Patent Number 12,268,745 to this patent-infringement litigation. By orders dated February 27, 2025 and June 26, 2025, the court approved the parties’ joint stipulation to remove the Markman hearing and any related claim-construction proceedings from the court’s calendar. Additionally, by the court’s order dated August 28, 2025, the parties stipulated that upon final approval of Teva’s ANDA, the commercial manufacture, use, sale, or offer for sale within the United States, or importation into the United States, of that product would infringe certain claims of the patents asserted in the action, thus narrowing the scope of the action to the validity of those certain patent claims. This matter is scheduled for a bench trial in October 2026. If the Company is unsuccessful in securing the requested court relief, Jelmyto may be subject to immediate competition from an FDA approved generic product after regulatory exclusivity for Jelmyto expires in April 2027. Leases See Note 11 for further discussion regarding lease commitments. 22 Table of Contents Note 20 – Segment Reporting The Company is engaged in the development and commercialization of innovative solutions for the treatment of urothelial and specialty cancers. The Company has a single operating segment and reportable segment focused on these business activities, and its operations are managed on a consolidated basis. The primary revenue source for the segment comes from sales of the Company’s approved products, Jelmyto and Zusduri , primarily conducted in the United States. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The CODM assesses performance and allocates resources based on net income or loss, which is the primary measure of performance, as reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Additionally, net income or loss is used to monitor performance relative to budgeted targets and to evaluate financial performance in relation to the Company’s strategic goals. For additional information, refer to the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for detailed measures of segment revenues, expenses, and profit or loss. Information about significant segment expenses regularly provided to the CODM is as follows (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Research and development expenses R&D project materials & services $ 8,914 $ 6,772 $ 33,623 $ 28,112 Acquisitions of IPR&D — — 3,128 — Employee compensation 4,185 3,758 13,310 11,458 Rent, office, utilities & technology 691 646 2,280 2,260 Other expenses 218 179 452 421 Total research and development expenses $ 14,008 $ 11,355 $ 52,793 $ 42,251 Selling, general and administrative expenses Employee compensation $ 19,717 $ 15,873 $ 57,408 $ 43,791 Commercial & medical affairs services 6,681 5,304 25,752 17,975 Professional services 3,989 3,131 10,337 9,505 Travel, meetings & conferences 3,970 2,917 13,244 9,988 Rent, office, utilities & technology 1,331 874 3,659 2,399 Other expenses (1) 1,894 842 5,348 2,638 Total selling, general and administrative expenses $ 37,582 $ 28,941 $ 115,748 $ 86,296 ( 1 ) Other expenses primarily consist of insurance, sponsorship, grants, other fees and taxes. Note 21 – Subsequent Events In November 2025, the Company provided notice to terminate the license agreement with Agenus in connection with its decision to discontinue development of UGN- 301. Under the terms of the license agreement, following notice of termination, the agreement will terminate upon the later of (a) the expiration of a 180 -day notice period; or (b) completion of all wind-down activities and delivery of all Agenus Improvements (as defined in the license agreement) to Agenus. The Company does not expect to incur any costs in connection with the termination of the agreement. The Company has evaluated and determined there were no further subsequent events. Note 22 – Selected Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data Certain unaudited selected quarterly financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are presented as follows: For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Revenue $ 25,204 $ 65,833 Gross profit $ 22,751 $ 59,423 Net loss $ ( 23,673 ) $ ( 89,362 ) Weighted-average number of ordinary shares (1) 46,779,637 41,476,892 Basic and diluted loss per ordinary share (1) $ ( 0.51 ) $ ( 2.15 ) ( 1 ) The loss per share, both basic and diluted, for the third quarter of 2024 was revised to record an immaterial correction to the amounts originally reported in the September 30, 2024 Form 10 -Q filed on November 6, 2024 by incorporating the 3,679,400 shares of pre-funded warrants outstanding as of the reporting period, which were not included in the previous calculations and are now reflected in the weighted average shares outstanding. 23 Table of Contents Item 2. Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report and the audited financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the related Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 ( “ Annual Report ” ), which was filed with the SEC on March 10, 2025. The information in this discussion contains forward-looking statements and information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ( “ Securities Act ” ), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ( “ Exchange Act ” ), which are subject to the “ safe harbor ” created by those sections. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, trends, projected costs, prospects and plans and objectives of management. The words “ anticipates, ” “ believes, ” “ estimates, ” “ expects, ” “ intends, ” “ may, ” “ plans, ” “ projects, ” “ will, ” “ would ” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements that we make. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risks set forth in Part II, Item 1A, “ Risk Factors ” in this Quarterly Report. In addition, statements indicating that “ we believe ” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. The forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. Overview We are a biotechnology company dedicated to developing and commercializing innovative solutions that treat urothelial and specialty cancers. We have developed RTGel reverse-thermal hydrogel, a proprietary sustained release, hydrogel-based technology that has the potential to improve therapeutic profiles of existing drugs. Our technology is designed to enable longer exposure of urinary tract tissue to medications, making local therapy a potentially more effective treatment option. Our approved products Jelmyto (mitomycin) for pyelocalyceal solution and Zusduri (mitomycin) for intravesical solution are designed to ablate tumors by non-surgical means and to treat several forms of non-muscle invasive urothelial cancer, including low-grade upper tract urothelial cancer (“low-grade UTUC”) and recurrent low-grade intermediate risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (“low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC”), respectively. In addition, our immuno-uro-oncology pipeline includes UGN-501 (formerly known as ICVB-1042), a next-generation investigational oncolytic virus. On June 12, 2025, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") approved our new drug application (“NDA") for Zusduri (formerly known as UGN-102) for the treatment of adults with recurrent low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC. We estimate that the annual treatable population of low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC in the United States is approximately 82,000, of which approximately 23,000 are estimated to be newly diagnosed and 59,000 are estimated to be recurrent patients. We estimate that the total addressable market opportunity for Zusduri in recurrent low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC is potentially over $5.0 billion. We believe Zusduri has the potential to become the new standard of care for recurrent low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC as the first and only FDA-approved non-surgical treatment. The existing standard of care for low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC is a surgical procedure typically performed under general anesthesia called transurethral resection of bladder tumor (“TURBT”). Due to high recurrence rates of low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC, repeat TURBTs may be necessary. We estimate that approximately 68% of low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC patients have two or more recurrences, with approximately 23% of recurrent patients having five or more recurrences. Repeated TURBT procedures to treat these recurrences can impact patients’ physical health and quality of life. Patients who have had two to four procedures have an estimated 14% greater risk of death than patients who have only had one procedure. RTGel (or hydrogel) is a novel proprietary polymeric biocompatible, reverse thermal gelation hydrogel technology, which, unlike the general characteristics of most forms of matter, is liquid at lower temperatures and converts into gel form when warmed to body temperature. We believe that these characteristics promote ease of delivery into and retention of drugs in body cavities, including the bladder and the upper urinary tract, forming a transient reservoir of drug that dissolves over time while preventing rapid excretion, providing for increased dwell time. RTGel leverages the physiologic flow of urine to provide a natural exit from the body. We believe that RTGel , when formulated with an active drug, may allow for the improved efficacy of treatment of various types of urothelial and specialty cancers and urologic diseases without compromising the safety of the patient or interfering with the natural flow of fluids in the urinary tract. RTGel achieves this by: • increasing the exposure of active drugs in the bladder and upper urinary tract by significantly extending the dwell time of the active drug while conforming to the anatomy of the bladder and the upper urinary tract, which allows for enhanced drug tissue coverage. For example, the average dwell time of the standard aqueous mitomycin formulation, currently used as adjuvant treatment, in the upper urinary tract is approximately five minutes, compared to approximately four to six hours when mitomycin is formulated with RTGel ; • administering higher doses of an active drug than would otherwise be possible using standard water-based formulations. For instance, it is only possible to dissolve 0.5 mg of mitomycin in 1 mL of water while it is possible to formulate up to 8 mg of mitomycin with 1 mL of RTGel ; and • maintaining the active drug’s molecular structure and mode of action. 24 Table of Contents These characteristics of RTGel enable sustained release of mitomycin in the urinary tract for both Jelmyto and Zusduri . Further, RTGel may be particularly effective in the bladder and upper urinary tract where tumor visibility and access are challenging, and where there exists a significant amount of urine flow and voiding. We believe that these characteristics of RTGel may prove useful for the local delivery of active drugs to other bodily cavities in addition to the bladder and upper urinary tract. Jelmyto On April 15, 2020, the FDA appro ved our NDA for Jelmyto (mitomycin) for pyelocalyceal solution, formerly known as UGN-101, for the treatment of adult patients with low-grade UTUC. Jelmyto consists of mitomycin, an established chemotherapy, and sterile hydrogel, using our proprietary sustained release RTGel technology. It has been designed to enable longer exposure of urinary tract tissue to mitomycin, thereby enabling the treatment of tumors by non-surgical means. New product exclusivity for Jelmyto expired on April 15, 2023, however, orphan drug exclusivity extends until April 15, 2027. Additionally, the main patents that protect Jelmyto in the United States are set to expire in January 2031. These patents are listed in the FDA's Orange Book (Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations). Low-grade UTUC is a rare cancer that develops in the lining of the upper urinary tract, ureters and kidneys. In the United States, there are approximately 6,000 to 7,000 new or recurrent low-grade UTUC patients annually. It is a challenging condition to treat due to the complex anatomy of the urinary tract system. Prior to Jelmyto , the standard of care included endoscopic resection(s) and radical nephroureterectomy, the latter involving the removal of the renal pelvis, kidney, ureter and bladder cuff. Treatment is further complicated by the fact that low-grade UTUC is most commonly diagnosed in patients over 70 years of age, who may already have compromised kidney function and may suffer further complications as a result of a major surgery. We are focused on changing the way urothelial cancers are treated, an area in which there have been no significant advancements in recent years. Jelmyto is the first drug therapy of its kind, providing an alternative to endoscopic resection(s) and/or radical nephroureterectomy. The FDA approval was based on results from our Phase 3 trial showing Jelmyto achieved clinically significant disease eradication in adults with low-grade UTUC. Findings from the final study results include: • Complete response (“CR”) rate (primary endpoint) of 58% (41/71) in the intent-to-treat population and in the sub-population of patients who were deemed not capable of surgical removal at diagnosis. • At the 12-month assessment of durability, 23 of 41 total patients remained in CR, eight patients experienced recurrence of disease and ten patients were unable to be evaluated. • Durability of response was estimated to be 81.8% at 12 months by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The median duration of response (“DOR”) was not reached. • The most commonly reported adverse events (≥ 20%) were ureteric obstruction, flank pain, urinary tract infection, hematuria, abdominal pain, fatigue, renal dysfunction, nausea, dysuria and vomiting. Most adverse events were mild to moderate and manageable. No treatment-related deaths occurred. In February 2025, we presented additional new data from the long-term follow-up study to UroGen’s Phase 3 Olympus trial. Among patients from the trial who achieved a CR after primary chemoablation with Jelmyto (n=41, 20 of whom entered the long-term follow-up study), the median DOR was 47.8 months (median follow-up 28.1 months [95% CI 13.1, 57.5]). The study results were published in the March 2025 issue of The Journal of Urology . In June 2020, we initiated our commercial launch of Jelmyto in the United States. We have staffed, trained and prepared a customer-facing team that includes territory business managers with deep experience in both urology and oncology. These territory business manager positions are led by regional business director positions, who are in turn supported by regional operations manager positions. Each region is additionally supported by clinical nurse educators to provide education and training around instillation, as well as field reimbursement managers to help ensure access and reimbursement for appropriate patients and key account directors who engage with C-suite individuals to introduce a Jelmyto service line. In addition, our organization currently includes several medical science liaisons who appropriately engage with physicians interested in learning more about UroGen, Jelmyto and our technology, both in person and virtually. In total, our customer-facing team comprises approximately 130 colleagues. We are committed to helping patients access Jelmyto . Our market access teams have laid the foundation for coverage and reimbursement, meeting multiple times with payors. Medicare patients with supplemental coverage are covered and the vast majority of commercial plans have policies in place, in whole covering over 150 million lives. In addition to reimbursement and access, we have also been focused on ensuring seamless integration into physician practices. We have implemented processes to help make Jelmyto preparation and administration seamless for practitioners and patients, including entering into agreements with various national, regional and local specialty pharmacies under which the pharmacy, following receipt of a patient prescription, prepares and dispenses the Jelmyto admixture. In September 2022, the FDA authorized an extension of the in-use period for the Jelmyto admixture from eight hours to 96 hours (four days) following reconstitution of the product, adding convenience and flexibility in managing patient care. In October 2020, a Medicare C-Code was issued for Jelmyto . The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ("CMS") established a permanent and product-specific J-code for Jelmyto that took effect on January 1, 2021 and replaced the C-Code. CMS has granted Jelmyto a New Technology Ambulatory Payment Classification ("APC"), effective from October 1, 2023. We have also launched a registry to capture data and evaluate real world outcomes in patients with low-grade UTUC who have been or will be treated with Jelmyto . The purpose of the registry is to study the use of Jelmyto in clinical practice in the United States and address specific clinical questions. 25 Table of Contents Zusduri On June 12, 2025, the FDA approved our NDA for Zusduri (mitomycin) for intravesical solution, formerly known as UGN-102, for the treatment of adults with recurrent low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC. Zusduri , which consists of mitomycin and sterile hydrogel, using our proprietary sustained release RTGel technology, is delivered directly into the bladder in an out-patient procedure by a trained healthcare professional using a urinary catheter to enable the treatment of tumors by non-surgical means. We estimate that the annual treatable population of low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC in the United States is approximately 82,000, of which approximately 23,000 are estimated to be newly diagnosed and 59,000 are estimated to be recurrent patients. Zusduri is administered locally using the standard practice of intravesical instillation directly into the bladder via a urinary catheter. The instillation into the bladder is expected to take place in a physician’s office as a non-operative outpatient treatment, in comparison with TURBT or similar surgical procedures, which are operations usually conducted under general anesthesia and may require an overnight stay. Complete surgical tumor removal often has limited success due to the inability to properly identify, reach and resect all tumors. We believe that an effective chemoablation agent can potentially provide better eradication of tumors irrespective of the detectability and location of the tumors. In addition, by potentially reducing the need for surgery, patients may avoid potential complications associated with surgery and anesthesia. We estimate that approximately 68% of low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC patients have two or more recurrences, with approximately 23% having five or more recurrences. Repeated TURBT procedures to treat these recurrences can impact patients’ physical health and quality of life. Around 35% of patients will experience an adverse event within 90 days of undergoing a TURBT, and patients who have had two to four procedures have an estimated 14% greater risk of death than patients who have only had one procedure. On July 27, 2023, we announced topline data from our Phase 3 trials, ATLAS and ENVISION. In the ATLAS trial, Zusduri with or without TURBT met its primary endpoint of disease-free survival, reducing risk of recurrence, progression, or death by 55% compared to TURBT alone. Results of the ATLAS trial also showed a 64.8% CR rate at three months for patients who only received Zusduri , compared to a 63.6% CR rate at three months for patients who only received a TURBT. The ENVISION trial met its primary endpoint by demonstrating that patients treated with Zusduri had a 79.6% rate of CR at three-months following the initial instillation. In both trials, the safety profile of Zusduri was acceptable, and comparable to that observed in previous clinical trials of Zusduri . In June 2024, we announced secondary endpoint DOR data from the Phase 3 ENVISION trial investigating Zusduri for intravesical solution in patients with recurrent low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC. In the ENVISION trial, the 12-month DOR data by Kaplan-Meier estimate for patients who achieved a CR at three months after the first instillation of  Zusduri was 82.3% (95% CI, 75.9%, 87.1%). The ENVISION trial met its primary endpoint with patients having a 79.6% (73.9%, 84.5%) CR rate at three months after the first instillation of Zusduri. Among the patients in the ENVISION trial who achieved a CR at three months, 76.4% (69.8%, 82.3%) maintained a CR at 12 months. Among all 240 patients enrolled in the ENVISION trial, 60.8% (54.3%, 67.0%) were in CR at 12 months. The ENVISION trial demonstrated a similar safety profile to that observed in the OPTIMA II and ATLAS trials, with treatment-emergent adverse events typically mild-to-moderate in severity. The ENVISION trial data were published online in The Journal of Urology in October 2024 and were included in the February 2025 print edition. In March 2025, we announced 18-month DOR data from the Phase 3 ENVISION trial. The 18-month DOR by Kaplan-Meier estimate for patients who achieved a CR at three months after the first instillation of  Zusduri remained consistent with the 12-month DOR data: 80.6% (95% CI, 74.0%, 85.7%) at 18-months (n=101) compared to 82.5% (76.1%, 87.3%) at 12-months (n=146). Median follow-up time was 18.7 months after the three-month CR. In August 2025, we announced 24-month DOR data from the Phase 3 ENVISION trial. The 24-month DOR by Kaplan-Meier estimate for patients who achieved a CR at three months after the first instillation of  Zusduri was 72.2% (95% CI, 64.1%, 78.8%). Median follow-up time was 23.7 months after the three-month CR. The median DOR had not yet been reached. Additionally, in July 2025 we announced outcomes from the five-year long-term extension study of the single-arm, Phase 2b OPTIMA II study. Among the 41 patients who achieved CR at three months post-treatment with Zusduri in the OPTIMA II trial, 25 remained in CR at 12 months and 17 entered the long-term follow-up study. For the 41 patients achieving CR at three months, the median Kaplan-Meier estimate of DOR was 24.2 months (95% CI 9.7, 42.1) with a median follow-up of 35.8 months. For the 17 patients in the long-term follow-up study, the median DOR was 42.1 months by Kaplan-Meier estimate (95% CI: 24.2, NE), with a median follow-up of 50.4 months. Results of the long-term extension study were published online in the J ournal of Clinical Genitourinary Cancer in July 2025 . We also completed a Phase 3b study with the objective of demonstrating whether Zusduri can be administered at home by a qualified home health professional, avoiding the need for repeated visits to a healthcare setting for instillation. Eight patients with low-grade, intermediate-risk NMIBC were enrolled, of whom six (75.0%) completed all six instillations. Preliminary results were reported through a press release in February 2023, finding that Zusduri was suitable to administer at home by a home health professional under the supervision of a treating physician and resulted in 75% of patients achieving a CR, defined as no detectable disease three months after starting treatment. Home instillation was reported as feasible for home health professionals, and three of four investigators considered at-home treatment “not different” than in-office treatment. Results of the Phase 3b study were published online in the Reviews in Urology-LUGPA Journal in June 2025. The FDA approval of Zusduri on June 12, 2025 was based on the results from the FDA Analysis Population (n=223) from the Phase 3 ENVISION trial demonstrating 78% of patients achieved CR at 3 months, and 79% of those responders maintained CR at 12 months after the three-month visit (using the observed rate). The most common (≥ 10%) adverse reactions, including laboratory abnormalities, which occurred in patients were increased creatinine, increased potassium, dysuria, decreased hemoglobin, increased aspartate aminotransferase, increased alanine aminotransferase, increased eosinophils, decreased lymphocytes, urinary tract infection, decreased neutrophils, and hematuria. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 12% of patients who received Zusduri , including, urinary retention (0.8%) and urethral stenosis (0.4%). As a post-marketing commitment, we have agreed with the FDA to complete the ongoing ENVISION trial to further characterize the clinical benefit of Zusduri for the treatment of patients with recurrent low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC. In addition, we committed to providing the FDA updates on DOR for all patients with ongoing CRs. The updates will continue until all ongoing patients experience a recurrence of low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC; progression; death; loss to follow-up; or reach 63 months after the first instillation as planned in the protocol, whichever occurs first. We began promotion of Zusduri in the United States in late June 2025. We initiated a strategic multi-faceted approach to promote broad adoption and patient access to Zusduri , leveraging our customer-facing team of territory business managers, regional business directors, regional operations managers, clinical nurse educators, field reimbursement managers and medical science liaisons. Zusduri is now broadly accessible to patients through Commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid insurance programs, with open access for more than 95% of covered lives and approximately 296 million eligible patients. In October 2025, Zusduri was assigned a unique, permanent Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (“HCPCS”) J-code (J9282) by CMS. The J-code is expected to be effective January 1, 2026. 26 Table of Contents UGN-103 (mitomycin) for intravesical solution and UGN-104 (mitomycin) for pyelocalyceal solution In January 2024, we entered into a licensing and supply agreement with medac Gesellschaft für klinische Spezialpräparate m.b.H. (“medac”) to develop UGN-103 and UGN-104, which are intended to be next-generation investigational formulations of Zusduri and Jelmyto , respectively, that combine medac’s proprietary 80 mg mitomycin formulation with our RTGel technology, which we believe will provide advantages related to production, cost, supply and product convenience. In April 2024, we announced that the FDA accepted our Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) for UGN-103 and we initiated our Phase 3 UTOPIA trial, a single-arm, multicenter study that will evaluate the efficacy and safety of UGN-103 in patients with recurrent low-grade intermediate risk NMIBC. In October 2024, we announced the first patient dosed in the UTOPIA trial, and in July 2025, we announced the completion of patient enrollment with 99 patients enrolled across multiple centers globally. Patients in the UTOPIA trial received 75 mg of mitomycin via intravesical instillation once a week for six weeks. Efficacy will be assessed by the CR rate at the three-month visit. Patients who have a CR at the three-month visit, defined as having no detectable disease in the bladder, will enter the follow-up period of the study. Patients will remain on study until disease recurrence, disease progression, death, or the last patient completes 12 months of follow-up (i.e., 15 months after the first instillation), whichever occurs first. A long-term follow up study will also be conducted following patients remaining in CR for up to five years after initiation of treatment with UGN-103. We reported a three-month CR rate of 77.8% (95% CI, 68.3%, 85.5%), consistent with results from the ENVISION clinical trial. The FDA has agreed with the regulatory plan to submit an NDA based on the data from our Phase 3 UTOPIA trial to support potential approval of UGN-103. We anticipate submitting an NDA for UGN-103 in the second half of 2026 with potential FDA approval in 2027. In February 2025, the FDA accepted our IND for UGN-104, and we initiated a Phase 3 trial of UGN-104 in low-grade UTUC in June 2025. UGN-301 (zalifrelimab) intravesical solution Our immuno-uro-oncology pipeline previously included UGN-301, an anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody, which we studied as a combination therapy with multiple agents. UGN-301 was delivered using our proprietary RTGel technology, which has been designed to significantly improve the effectiveness of certain intravesical therapies. High-grade NMIBC is a highly aggressive form of bladder cancer. TURBT followed by adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin ("BCG") is the current standard of care therapy for high-grade NMIBC. However, the high rates of recurrence and significant risk of progression to muscle-invasive tumors are particularly dangerous. Radical cystectomy, or bladder removal is strongly advocated in patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC (i.e., patients with BCG-refractory and BCG-relapsing tumors in whom further BCG therapy is not recommended) or for patients who cannot tolerate BCG. The first combination we investigated clinically involved the sequential use of UGN-201 (imiquimod), a toll like receptor 7 ("TLR 7") agonist, and UGN-301 in high-grade NMIBC. UGN-201 is a liquid formulation of imiquimod for intravesical administration that has been optimized for delivery in the urinary tract. The second combination we investigated clinically involved the sequential administration of gemcitabine and UGN-301 to the bladder in high-grade NMIBC. Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy that is used intravesically to treat high grade NMIBC where it is administered as a liquid formulation. We believed these two combinations could elicit both an innate and adaptive immune response, which may translate into a long-lasting acquired immune response, and potentially represent a valid post-TURBT adjuvant treatment of high-grade NMIBC. We investigated these combinations to determine if they could make local therapy a potentially more effective treatment option while minimizing systemic exposure and potential side effects. In March 2022, we announced FDA clearance of our IND to begin a novel Phase 1 clinical study of UGN-301 in patients with recurrent NMIBC. The novel study design utilized a Master Protocol that we believed would be a more efficient and streamlined approach to development. It provided more flexibility to add study arms as the trial progressed to increase efficiency and potentially reduce costs. We expected the Master Protocol would allow us to more quickly evaluate safety, tolerability and dosing of UGN-301 in combination with additional immunomodulators and chemotherapies, with the goal of developing optimized treatment regimens for patients. The multi-arm Phase 1 study, which was expected to support the development of UGN-301 in high-grade NMIBC, was initiated in April 2022 and enrollment in the study is complete. Safety and dosing data from the first arm evaluating UGN-301 as monotherapy was presented in late 2024. In November 2025, we decided to discontinue development of UGN-301 based on our strategic priorities and provided Agenus notice of termination of the license agreement. Under the terms of the license agreement, following notice of termination, the agreement will terminate upon the later of (a) the expiration of a 180-day notice period; or (b) completion of all wind-down activities and delivery of all Agenus Improvements (as defined in the license agreement) to Agenus. While the Phase 1 clinical study of UGN-301 confirmed proof of concept for our proprietary RTGel technology as a viable platform for local delivery of complex immunotherapies, UGN-301’s overall clinical profile did not meet our internal benchmarks for advancement to Phase 2. The program achieved key proof of concept objectives, including sustained bladder exposure with minimal systemic absorption and an acceptable safety and tolerability profile, demonstrating the ability to mitigate CTLA-4–related toxicities, and encouraging efficacy signals. These findings further reinforce the versatility and potential of RTGel technology to enable localized delivery of immunotherapy candidates. We do not expect to incur significant additional costs related to this program going forward. UGN-501 In February 2025, we acquired ICVB-1042 (now known as UGN-501), a next-generation investigational oncolytic virus engineered to selectively target and destroy cancer cells while simultaneously activating a robust anti-tumor immune response. We are currently conducting IND-enabling studies and plan to initiate a Phase 1 clinical study of UGN-501 as a locally administered agent in patients with recurrent NMIBC in 2026. Research and Development and License Agreements Agenus Agreement In November 2019, we entered into a license agreement with Agenus, pursuant to which Agenus granted us an exclusive, worldwide (not including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and their respective territories and possessions), royalty-bearing, sublicensable license under Agenus’s intellectual property rights to develop, make, use, sell, import, and otherwise commercialize products incorporating a proprietary monoclonal antibody of Agenus known as AGEN1884 (zalifrelimab), an anti-CTLA-4 antagonist, for the treatment of cancers of the urinary tract via intravesical delivery. In November 2025, we provided notice to terminate the license agreement with Agenus in connection with our decision to discontinue development of UGN-301. Under the terms of the license agreement, following notice of termination, the agreement will terminate upon the later of (a) the expiration of a 180-day notice period; or (b) completion of all wind-down activities and delivery of all Agenus Improvements (as defined in the license agreement) to Agenus. For additional information regarding our research and development and license agreements, see Note 13 and Note 21 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. 27 Table of Contents Components of Operating Results Revenue During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 we recognized $27.5 million and $72.0 million of revenue, respectively, from sales of our products. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue consists primarily of inventory and related costs associated with the manufacturing, distribution, warehousing and preparation of Jelmyto and Zusduri, including inventory write-downs. In periods prior to receiving FDA approval for Jelmyto and Zusduri , we recognized inventory and related manufacturing costs as research and development expense. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses, net consists primarily of: • salaries and related costs, including share-based compensation expense, for our personnel in research and development functions; • expense incurred under agreements with third parties, including clinical research organizations (“CROs”), subcontractors, suppliers and consultants, nonclinical studies and clinical trials; • expense incurred to acquire, develop and manufacture nonclinical study and clinical trial materials; • expense incurred to purchase active pharmaceutical ingredients (“APIs”) in support of R&D activities and other related manufacturing costs; and • facility and equipment costs, including depreciation expense, maintenance and allocated direct and indirect overhead costs. We manage and prioritize our research and development expenses based on scientific data, probability of successful technical development and regulatory approval, market potential and unmet medical need, available human and capital resources and other considerations. We regularly review our research and development activities and, as necessary, reallocate resources among our programs, product candidates and external opportunities that we believe will best support the long-term growth of our business. We do not track total research and development expenses by program, product candidate, or development phase. The following table provides a breakout of expenses by major cost type: Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2025 2024 Personnel, facility and equipment, and other overhead costs $ 14,211 $ 12,320 Clinical and other development costs 38,582 29,930 Total $ 52,793 $ 42,251 See Note 20 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional disaggregation of significant research and development expenses. We expense all research and development costs as incurred. We estimate nonclinical study and clinical trial expense based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research institutions and contract research organizations that conduct and manage nonclinical studies and clinical trials on our behalf based on actual time and expense incurred by them. We recognize costs incurred as the services are being provided by monitoring the status of the trial or project and the invoices received from our external service providers. We adjust our accrual as actual costs become known. Where at risk contingent milestone payments are due to third parties under research and development and collaboration agreements, the milestone payment obligations are expensed when such development milestone results are achieved. We are currently focused on advancing our product candidates, and our future research and development expenses will depend on their clinical success. Research and development expenses will continue to be significant. 28 Table of Contents Research and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. We do not believe that it is possible at this time to accurately project total expenses required for us to reach commercialization of our product candidates. Due to the inherently unpredictable nature of nonclinical and clinical development, we are unable to estimate with certainty the costs we will incur and the timelines that will be required in the continued development and approval of our product candidates. Clinical and nonclinical development timelines, the probability of success and development costs can differ materially from expectations. In addition, we cannot forecast which product candidates may be subject to future collaborations, if and when such arrangements will be entered into, if at all, and to what degree such arrangements would affect our development plans and capital requirements. We expect our research and development expenses to increase over the next several years as our clinical programs progress and as we seek to initiate clinical trials of additional product candidates. We also expect to incur increased research and development expenses as we selectively identify and develop additional product candidates. The duration, costs and timing of clinical trials and development of our product candidates will depend on a variety of factors that include, but are not limited to, the following: • per patient trial costs; • the number of patients that participate in the trials; • the number of sites included in the trials; • the countries in which the trials are conducted; • the length of time required to enroll eligible patients; • costs of raw materials, product candidates, and other supplies used in the development of our product candidates, which can be negatively impacted by tariffs, trade barriers, and regulatory requirements; • the number of doses that patients receive; • the drop-out or discontinuation rates of patients; • potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies; • the duration of patient follow-up; and • the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidates. In addition, the probability of success for each product candidate will depend on numerous factors, including competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. We will determine which programs to pursue and how much to fund each program in response to the scientific and clinical success of each product candidate, as well as an assessment of each product candidate’s commercial potential. We cannot estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates or whether, or when, we may achieve profitability. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity or debt financings and collaboration arrangements. License fees and development milestone payments related to in-licensed products and technology are expensed as incurred, or achieved in the case of milestones, if it is determined at that point that they have no established alternative future use. Selling and Marketing Expenses To date, selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of commercial personnel costs (including share-based compensation) along with commercialization activities related to Jelmyto and Zusduri . 29 Table of Contents General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs (including share-based compensation related to directors, executives, finance, medical affairs, business development, investor relations, and human resource functions). Other significant costs include medical affairs services, external professional service costs, facility costs, accounting and audit services, legal services, and other consulting fees. Financing on Prepaid Forward Obligation Financing on prepaid forward obligation is comprised of financing expenses related to the transaction with RTW Investments ("RTW") (see Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report). Interest Expense Interest expense is comprised of interest related to our long-term debt with Pharmakon Advisors, L.P. ("Pharmakon") (see Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report). Interest and Other Income, Net Interest and other income, net, consisted primarily of interest income, net losses on foreign exchange and bank commissions. Income Taxes We have yet to generate taxable income in Israel. We have historically incurred operating losses resulting in carry forward tax losses totaling approximately $533.9 million as of December 31, 2024. We anticipate that we will continue to generate tax losses for the foreseeable future and that we will be able to carry forward these tax losses indefinitely to future taxable years. Accordingly, we do not expect to pay taxes in Israel until we have taxable income after the full utilization of our carry forward tax losses. We have provided a full valuation allowance with respect to the deferred tax assets related to these carry forward losses. Income tax expense also consists of our estimate of uncertain tax positions, and related interest and penalties. See Note 17 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further information. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the revenue and expense incurred during the reported periods. In accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances at the time such estimates are made. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We discussed the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements in Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report as well as in the Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report. 30 Table of Contents Results of Operations Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Revenue $ 27,482 $ 25,204 $ 2,278 Cost of revenue 3,278 2,453 825 Gross profit 24,204 22,751 1,453 Operating expenses: Research and development 14,008 11,355 2,653 Selling and marketing 23,678 17,780 5,898 General and administrative 13,904 11,161 2,743 Total operating expenses 51,590 40,296 11,294 Operating loss (27,386 ) (17,545 ) (9,841 ) Financing on prepaid forward obligation (4,621 ) (5,915 ) 1,294 Interest expense on long-term debt (3,373 ) (2,721 ) (652 ) Interest and other income, net 979 2,599 (1,620 ) Loss before income taxes (34,401 ) (23,582 ) (10,819 ) Income tax expense 1,054 (91 ) 1,145 Net loss $ (33,347 ) $ (23,673 ) $ (9,674 ) Revenue Revenue was $27.5 million and $25.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in revenue of $2.3 million primarily reflects higher sales volume of Jelmyto and lower revenue reserves, primarily driven by lower estimated Medicare refunds for discarded drugs based off amounts billed to date, partially offset by CREATES Act related sales of $2.6 million recorded in the third quarter of 2024. The increase also reflects sales of Zusduri , which was launched in the third quarter of 2025. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue was $3.3 million and $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in cost of revenue of $0.8 million is primarily attributable to higher unit costs for Jelmyto , as well as increased shipping and warehousing expenses. In periods prior to receiving FDA approval for Zusduri , we recognized inventory and related costs associated with the manufacture of Zusduri as research and development expenses. We expect this to continue to impact cost of revenue through approximately 2027 as we produce Zusduri at costs reflecting the full cost of manufacturing and as we deplete inventories that we expensed prior to receiving FDA approval. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses were $14.0 million and $11.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in research and development expenses of $2.6 million is primarily attributable to costs associated with the Phase 3 UTOPIA trial for UGN-103 and the Phase 3 trial for UGN-104, partially offset by lower clinical trial costs, manufacturing costs, and regulatory expenses in connection with Zusduri . Selling and Marketing Expenses Selling and marketing expenses were $23.7 milli on and $17.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 , respectively. The increase in selling and marketing expenses of $5.9 million is primarily attributable to Zusduri commercial activities as well as an increase in overall commercial operation costs including the expansion of the sales force, compensation, advisory, meetings, conferences, trainings and back office support costs. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses were $13.9 million and $11.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 , respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses of $2.7 million is primarily attributable to higher compensation expenses, expenses related to commercialization support related to Zusduri , general third-party advisory services, and ongoing managed services. 31 Table of Contents Financing on Prepaid Forward Obligation Financing on prepaid forward obligation was $4.6 million and $5.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The measurement of financing on prepaid forward obligation is an accounting estimate under the "imputed interest method" of accounting (see Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report) which is affected by estimated future payments to RTW, which are based on a percentage of revenues. The decrease in financing on prepaid forward obligation of $1.3 million was driven primarily by changes in underlying assumptions for remeasuring the effective rate. Interest Expense on Long-term Debt Interest expense was $3.4 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in interest expense was primarily attributable to the interest expense on the $25.0 million third tranche under the Pharmakon loan that was funded in September 2024. Interest and Other Income, Net Interest and other income, net was $1.0 million and $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in interest and other income, net was primarily due to lower cash and investment balances. Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 The following table sets forth our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Revenue $ 71,951 $ 65,833 $ 6,118 Cost of revenue 9,158 6,410 2,748 Gross profit 62,793 59,423 3,370 Operating expenses: Research and development 52,793 42,251 10,542 Selling and marketing 73,659 53,751 19,908 General and administrative 42,089 32,545 9,544 Total operating expenses 168,541 128,547 39,994 Operating loss (105,748 ) (69,124 ) (36,624 ) Financing on prepaid forward obligation (13,848 ) (17,348 ) 3,500 Interest expense on long-term debt (11,573 ) (8,629 ) (2,944 ) Interest and other income, net 4,392 5,922 (1,530 ) Loss before income taxes (126,777 ) (89,179 ) (37,598 ) Income tax expense (353 ) (183 ) (170 ) Net loss $ (127,130 ) $ (89,362 ) $ (37,768 ) Revenue Revenue was $72.0 million and $65.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in revenue of $6.2 million primarily reflects the increased volume of sales of Jelmyto as well as sales of Zusduri , which was launched in the third quarter of 2025. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue was $9.2 million and $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in cost of revenue of $2.8 million is primarily attributable to the increased volume of sales of Jelmyto as well as increased costs related to a higher unit cost of Jelmyto , increased shipping and warehousing expenses and an inventory write-off. In periods prior to receiving FDA approval for Zusduri , we recognized inventory and related costs associated with the manufacture of Zusduri as research and development expenses. We expect this to continue to impact cost of revenue through approximately 2027 as we produce Zusduri at costs reflecting the full cost of manufacturing and as we deplete inventories that we expensed prior to receiving FDA approval. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses were $52.8 million and $42.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in research and development expenses of $10.5 million is primarily attributable to higher manufacturing costs for Zusduri , which are recognized as research and development expenses prior to our product candidates receiving FDA approval, costs associated with the Phase 3 UTOPIA trial for UGN-103 and the Phase 3 trial for UGN-104, as well as the acquisition of certain assets of IconOVir, partially offset by lower clinical trial costs and regulatory expenses in connection with Zusduri . Selling and Marketing Expenses Selling and marketing expenses were $73.7 milli on and $53.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 , respectively. The increase in selling and marketing expenses of $19.9 million is primarily attributable to Zusduri commercial preparation activities as well as an increase in overall commercial operation costs including the expansion of the sales force, compensation, advisory, meetings, conferences, trainings and back office support costs. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses were $42.1 million and $32.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 , respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses of $9.6 million is primarily attributable to higher compensation expenses, expenses related to pre-commercialization readiness support related to Zusduri , general third-party advisory services, and ongoing managed services. 32 Table of Contents Financing on Prepaid Forward Obligation Financing on prepaid forward obligation was $13.8 million and $17.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The measurement of financing on prepaid forward obligation is an accounting estimate under the "imputed interest method" of accounting (see Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report) which is affected by estimated future payments to RTW, which are based on a percentage of revenues. The decrease in financing on prepaid forward obligation of $3.5 million was driven primarily by changes in underlying assumptions for remeasuring the effective rate. Interest Expense on Long-term Debt Interest expense was $11.6 million and $8.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in interest expense was primarily attributed to the interest expense on the $25.0 million third tranche under the Pharmakon loan that was funded in September 2024. Interest and Other Income, Net Interest and other income, net was $4.4 million and $5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in interest and other income, net was primarily attributable to lower average balances in interest-bearing accounts over the period and the interest rate environment in 2025 reflected a lower rate trend, resulting in reduced interest income. Liquidity and Capital Resources As of September 30, 2025, we had $127.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Cash in excess of immediate requirements is invested in accordance with our investment policy, primarily with a view to liquidity and capital preservation, and is held primarily in U.S. dollars. Through September 30, 2025, we funded our operations primarily through public equity offerings, private placements of equity securities and our funding arrangements with RTW and Pharmakon, and product sales. ATM Sales Agreement In December 2019, we entered into a sales agreement (the "ATM Sales Agreement") with TD Securities (USA) LLC (f/k/a Cowen and Company, LLC) (“TD Cowen”) pursuant to which we may from time to time offer and sell our ordinary shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $100.0 million. In the first quarter of 2024, we sold 3,400,468 ordinary shares under the ATM Sales Agreement, for gross proceeds of approximately $56.1 million. The net proceeds to us after deducting sales commissions to TD Cowen were approximately $54.7 million. During the third quarter of 2025, we sold 416,248 ordinary shares under the ATM Sales Agreement, for gross proceeds of approximately $8.2 million. The net proceeds to us after deducting sales commissions to TD Cowen were approximately $8.0 million. The remaining capacity under the ATM Sales Agreement was approximately $19.1 million as of September 30, 2025. The shares will be offered and sold pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on November 15, 2022, which was declared effective on November 29, 2022, or a subsequent shelf registration statement. Prepaid Forward Agreement In March 2021, we entered into a prepaid forward agreement with RTW (the “RTW Transaction”), pursuant to which RTW agreed to provide us with an upfront cash payment of $75.0 million to support the launch of Jelmyto and the development of Zusduri , and we agreed to provide RTW with tiered future payments based on global annual net product sales of Jelmyto and Zusduri , and, subject to FDA approval, UGN-103 and UGN-104. In May 2021, following the receipt of necessary regulatory approvals, we received the $75.0 million prepaid forward payment ($72.4 million net of transaction costs) from RTW. Pharmakon Loan Agreement On March 7, 2022, we entered into a loan agreement with Pharmakon for a senior secured term loan of up to $100.0 million in two tranches. The first tranche of $75.0 million ($72.6 million of proceeds were received, $70.8 million net of additional transaction costs) was funded in March 2022, and the second tranche of $25.0 million was funded in December 2022. On June 29, 2023, the loan agreement with Pharmakon was amended to replace the benchmark governing the interest rate with a rate based on the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Effective July 2023, the loan accrued interest using a benchmark rate of three-month SOFR plus 8.25% plus an additional adjustment of 0.26161%. On March 13, 2024, we entered into an amended and restated loan agreement with Pharmakon for an additional third and fourth tranche of senior secured loan. The third tranche of $25.0 million was funded in September 2024. The fourth tranche of $75.0 million became available upon our receipt of FDA approval of our NDA for Zusduri and could have been drawn at our option no later than August 29, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of customary bringdown conditions and deliverables. We elected not to draw down the fourth tranche. Under the amended and restated loan agreement, all outstanding loans with Pharmakon accrue interest using a benchmark rate of three-month SOFR plus 7.25% plus an additional adjustment of 0.26161%. Securities Purchase Agreement On July 26, 2023, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain institutional and other accredited investors (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue to the Purchasers 12,579,156 ordinary shares of the Company (“Shares”) (or in lieu of Shares, pre-funded warrants to purchase ordinary shares of the Company) at a purchase price of $9.54 per Share (or $9.539 for each ordinary share underlying a pre-funded warrant), in a private placement transaction that closed on July 28, 2023 and August 9, 2023 for aggregate gross proceeds of $120.0 million, before deducting fees to placement agents and financial advisors and before other expenses. Each pre-funded warrant has an exercise price of $0.001 per ordinary share, subject to customary adjustments, and became exercisable upon original issuance and will not expire until exercised in full. The pre-funded warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of ordinary shares beneficially owned by the holder thereof immediately following such exercise would exceed a specified beneficial ownership limitation. The aggregate fee paid by us to placement agents and financial advisors was $3.6 million, plus the reimbursement of certain expenses. 33 Table of Contents Underwritten Public Offering On June 17, 2024, we entered into an underwriting agreement with TD Securities (USA) LLC and Guggenheim Securities, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (collectively, the "Underwriters"), relating to the issuance and sale in a public offering of 5,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company for $17.50 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase 1,142,857 ordinary shares of the Company for $17.499 per pre-funded warrant. The offering closed on June 20, 2024. The gross proceeds from this closing of the offering were $107.5 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $7.3 million. Each pre-funded warrant has an exercise price of $0.001 per ordinary share, subject to customary adjustments, is exercisable at any time and will not expire until exercised in full. The pre-funded warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of ordinary shares beneficially owned by the holder thereof immediately following such exercise would exceed a specified beneficial ownership limitation. In addition, the Underwriters were granted an option exercisable for 30 days, to purchase up to 921,428 additional shares at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. On July 18, 2024, we completed the closing of the sale of 921,428 additional shares in the offering following the exercise in full of the Underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, which resulted in additional gross proceeds of $16.1 million before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $1.0 million. We have incurred losses since our inception and negative cash flows from our operations, and as of September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $933.4 million. We expect to incur losses and have negative net cash flows from operating activities as we execute on our strategy, including the commercial launch of Zusduri , the continued commercialization of Jelmyto , and engaging in further research and development activities. Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, commercialization activities, research and development expense, including third-party clinical research and development services, laboratory and related supplies, clinical costs, including manufacturing costs, legal and other regulatory expense and general and administrative costs. We routinely evaluate our liquidity needs, including assessment of our current financial condition, sources of liquidity including current cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities and management’s cash flow projections. Our ability to continue as a going concern is expected to be impacted by our ability to produce cash inflows from Jelmyto and Zusduri product sales, the rate of physician and patient adoption of Zusduri and our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations in the future. Based on our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities as of September 30, 2025, together with management’s cash flow projections, we believe we have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to fund our operations beyond one year from the issuance of our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash inflows from Jelmyto and Zusduri product sales, we may need to raise additional capital in the future or reduce operating expenditures. There can be no assurances that we will be able to secure such additional financing on terms that are satisfactory to us, in an amount sufficient to meet our needs, or at all. In the event we are not successful in obtaining sufficient funding, this could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development, commercialization efforts or other operations. We cannot estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully commercialize any approved products, or whether, or when, we may achieve profitability. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate sufficient product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity or debt financings and collaboration arrangements. Funding and Material Cash Requirements Our present and future funding and material cash requirements will depend on many factors, including, among other things: ● the progress, timing and completion of clinical trials for UGN-103, UGN-104 and UGN-501; ● nonclinical studies and clinical trials for any of our product candidates; ● the costs related to obtaining regulatory approval for UGN-103, UGN-104, UGN-501 and any other product candidates, and any delays we may encounter as a result of regulatory requirements or adverse clinical trial results with respect to any of our product candidates; ● selling, marketing and patent-related activities undertaken in connection with the commercialization of Jelmyto , Zusduri and any of our product candidates, if approved, and costs involved in the continued development of an effective sales and marketing organization; ● the costs involved in filing and prosecuting patent applications and obtaining, maintaining and enforcing patents or defending against claims or infringements raised by third parties, and license royalties or other amounts we may be required to pay to obtain rights to third-party intellectual property rights; ● potential new product candidates we identify and attempt to develop; ● revenues we may derive either directly or in the form of royalty payments from future sales of Jelmyto , Zusduri , and, if approved, UGN-103, UGN-104, UGN-501, RTGel reverse thermal hydrogel technology and any other product candidates; and ● the repayment of outstanding debt. 34 Table of Contents Accordingly, we may need to obtain additional funding in connection with our continuing operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure such additional financing on terms that are satisfactory to us, in an amount sufficient to meet our needs, or at all. In the event we are not successful in obtaining sufficient funding, we may be forced to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs or future commercialization efforts. We may finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms of any additional securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a shareholder. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants that further limit or restrict our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. In addition, the terms of the Prepaid Forward Contract (the “Forward Contract”) with RTW and the loan agreement with Pharmakon limit our ability to take certain actions, including incurring additional indebtedness. If we raise funds through additional collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves. For more information as to the risks associated with our future funding needs, see Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors. We will require additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain this capital when needed and on acceptable terms, or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development, commercialization efforts or other operations. Contractual Obligations and Commitments In April 2016, we signed an addendum to our November 2014 lease agreement for our executive offices located in Israel, in order to increase the office space rented and to extend the rent period until 2019. In March 2019, we utilized the agreement extension option and extended the rent period for an additional three years until August 2022. In July 2022, we signed a lease extension agreement extending the term of the lease through September 2025 and in June 2025 the Company exercised its renewal option to extend the lease through September 2028. In November 2019, we entered into a new lease agreement, dated effective October 31, 2019, for an office in Princeton, NJ. The lease commencement date was November 29, 2019 and the lease term is 38 months. In June 2022, we signed an amendment to our November 2019 lease agreement to extend the term for an additional three years through January 31, 2026. In August 2025, we signed an additional extension to our November 2019 lease agreement to extend the lease term through April 30, 2031. We concluded that the lease renewal option in the agreement is not reasonably certain to be exercised. In July 2024, we entered into a new master lease agreement for vehicles, primarily for use by employees in sales, field services, and roles that require regular travel. Under the terms of the master lease agreement, we will lease various vehicles from time to time with an initial lease term of 48 months commencing on the delivery date of the vehicle with an option to continue month-to-month for an unlimited period of time. The total obligation for future minimum lease payments under our operating and finance leases are $4.1 million and $6.0 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2025. See Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further information. On March 7, 2022, we entered into a loan agreement with Pharmakon for a senior secured term loan of up to $100.0 million in two tranches. The first tranche of $75.0 million ($72.6 million of proceeds were received, $70.8 million net of additional transaction costs) was funded in March 2022, and the second tranche of $25.0 million was funded in December 2022. On March 13, 2024, we entered into an amended and restated loan agreement with Pharmakon for an additional third and fourth tranche of senior secured loan. The third tranche of $25.0 million was funded in September 2024. The fourth tranche of $75.0 million became available upon our receipt of FDA approval of our NDA for Zusduri and could have been drawn at our option no later than August 29, 2025, subject to customary bringdown conditions and deliverables. We elected not to draw the fourth tranche. All outstanding loans with Pharmakon accrue interest using a benchmark rate of three-month SOFR plus 7.25% plus an additional adjustment of 0.26161%. Per the terms of the amended and restated loan agreement, we received a one-year extension on the repayment period for all outstanding loans following the FDA's approval of the NDA for Zusduri . All outstanding principal will be required to be repaid in four equal quarterly installments commencing in the second quarter of 2027. All outstanding loans with Pharmakon can be prepaid in whole at our discretion, at any time, subject to prepayment premiums and make-whole amounts. The obligations of UroGen Pharma, Inc., as the borrower under the loan agreement are guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by UroGen Pharma Ltd. and the other guarantor parties thereto and are secured by substantially all of the respective Credit Parties’ tangible and intangible assets and property, including intellectual property, subject to certain exceptions. 35 Table of Contents Cash Flows The following table sets forth the significant sources and uses of cash for the periods set forth below: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 (in thousands) Net cash (used in) provided by: Operating activities $ (124,119 ) $ (83,147 ) Investing activities 33,841 (81,234 ) Financing activities 8,602 194,548 Net change in cash and cash equivalents $ (81,676 ) $ 30,167 Operating Activities Net cash used in operating activities was $124.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $83.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The $41.0 million increase was attributable primarily to higher net loss driven by increased operating expenses such as commercial preparation costs related to Zusduri and clinical trials expenses related to UGN-103 and UGN-104, as well as timing of certain payments and accruals. Investing Activities Net cash provided by investing activities was $33.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $81.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The net change of $115 million primarily reflects higher investments in marketable securities in 2024, funded by the proceeds from the issuance of ordinary shares under the ATM Sales Agreement and the underwritten public offering, compared to 2025. Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities was $8.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $194.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $185.9 million is attributable primarily to proceeds from the issuance of ordinary shares under the ATM Sales Agreement in the first quarter of 2024, the underwritten public offering in the second quarter of 2024 and the issuance of debt related to the third tranche of the Pharmakon loan in the third quarter of 2024.