TWILIO INC 10-Q

Item 1. Financial Statements TWILIO INC. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) As of June 30, As of December 31, 2026 2025 (In thousands) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 823,261 $ 682,335 Short-term marketable securities 1,833,069 1,788,007 Accounts receivable, net 760,074 636,736 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 330,011 469,650 Total current assets 3,746,415 3,576,728 Property and equipment, net 186,628 176,963 Operating right-of-use assets 30,462 39,031 Equity method investment 250,525 301,642 Intangible assets, net 114,064 142,065 Goodwill 5,292,457 5,291,787 Other long-term assets 188,674 222,648 Deferred tax asset 1,029,402 20,026 Total assets $ 10,838,627 $ 9,770,890 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 70,551 $ 85,089 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 557,698 608,119 Deferred revenue and customer deposits 153,004 158,677 Operating lease liability, current 29,433 35,123 Total current liabilities 810,686 887,008 Operating lease liability, noncurrent 42,924 54,162 Long-term debt, net 993,162 992,287 Other long-term liabilities 14,047 15,887 Total liabilities 1,860,819 1,949,344 Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock — — Class A common stock 154 152 Additional paid-in capital 16,488,013 16,148,190 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income ( 5,270 ) 15,668 Accumulated deficit ( 7,505,089 ) ( 8,342,464 ) Total stockholders’ equity 8,977,808 7,821,546 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 10,838,627 $ 9,770,890 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 3 Table of Contents TWILIO INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2026 2025 2026 2025 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Revenue $ 1,499,089 $ 1,228,425 $ 2,905,996 $ 2,400,888 Cost of revenue 773,223 625,685 1,495,886 1,216,581 Gross profit 725,866 602,740 1,410,110 1,184,307 Operating expenses: Research and development 273,317 243,495 535,483 497,790 Sales and marketing 216,802 220,724 428,668 432,837 General and administrative 118,430 101,532 220,976 193,609 Impairment loss on prepaid assets 32,771 — 32,771 — Total operating expenses 641,320 565,751 1,217,898 1,124,236 Income from operations 84,546 36,989 192,212 60,071 Other (expenses) income, net: Share of losses from equity method investment ( 24,346 ) ( 25,222 ) ( 51,569 ) ( 44,693 ) Other income, net 15,326 21,825 37,115 44,798 Total other (expenses) income, net ( 9,020 ) ( 3,397 ) ( 14,454 ) 105 Income before benefit from (provision for) income taxes 75,526 33,592 177,758 60,176 Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 991,683 ( 11,169 ) 979,590 ( 17,736 ) Net income attributable to common stockholders $ 1,067,209 $ 22,423 $ 1,157,348 $ 42,440 Net income per share attributable to common stockholders: Basic $ 6.99 $ 0.15 $ 7.59 $ 0.28 Diluted $ 6.68 $ 0.14 $ 7.29 $ 0.26 Weighted-average shares used to compute net income per share attributable to common stockholders: Basic 152,785,292 153,228,766 152,582,316 153,273,594 Diluted 159,708,166 159,691,758 158,711,170 160,729,638 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 4 Table of Contents TWILIO INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2026 2025 2026 2025 (In thousands) Net income $ 1,067,209 $ 22,423 $ 1,157,348 $ 42,440 Other comprehensive (loss) income: Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities, net of tax ( 1,122 ) ( 1,116 ) ( 11,191 ) 3,942 Net change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts, net of tax 391 15,821 ( 10,199 ) 24,207 Share of other comprehensive (loss) income from equity method investment, net of tax ( 222 ) ( 347 ) 452 ( 2,132 ) Total other comprehensive (loss) income ( 953 ) 14,358 ( 20,938 ) 26,017 Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders $ 1,066,256 $ 36,781 $ 1,136,410 $ 68,457 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 5 Table of Contents TWILIO INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 Common Stock Class A Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity Shares Amount (In thousands, except share amounts) Balance as of March 31, 2026 152,105,999 $ 152 $ 16,294,528 $ ( 4,317 ) $ ( 8,506,279 ) $ 7,784,084 Net income — — — — 1,067,209 1,067,209 Exercises of vested stock options 96,023 — 9,011 — — 9,011 Vesting of restricted stock units 1,616,234 2 ( 2 ) — — — Value of equity awards withheld for tax liability ( 3 ) — ( 1 ) — — ( 1 ) Shares issued under ESPP 227,243 — 23,221 — — 23,221 Shares of Class A common stock issued and donated to charity 22,102 — 4,356 — — 4,356 Release of income tax valuation allowance related to previously settled capped call — — 8,675 — — 8,675 Unrealized loss on marketable securities — — — ( 1,122 ) — ( 1,122 ) Repurchases of shares of Class A common stock including related costs ( 495,726 ) — — — ( 66,019 ) ( 66,019 ) Net change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts — — — 391 — 391 Share of other comprehensive loss from equity method investment — — — ( 222 ) — ( 222 ) Stock-based compensation — — 148,225 — — 148,225 Balance as of June 30, 2026 153,571,872 $ 154 $ 16,488,013 $ ( 5,270 ) $ ( 7,505,089 ) $ 8,977,808 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 6 Table of Contents TWILIO INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 Common Stock Class A Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity Shares Amount (In thousands, except share amounts) Balance as of December 31, 2025 152,411,346 $ 152 $ 16,148,190 $ 15,668 $ ( 8,342,464 ) $ 7,821,546 Net income — — — — 1,157,348 1,157,348 Exercises of vested stock options 133,192 — 9,570 — — 9,570 Vesting of restricted stock units 3,340,269 4 ( 4 ) — — — Value of equity awards withheld for tax liability ( 358 ) — ( 43 ) — — ( 43 ) Shares issued under ESPP 227,243 — 23,221 — — 23,221 Shares of Class A common stock issued and donated to charity 44,204 — 6,801 — — 6,801 Release of tax valuation allowance related to previously settled capped call — — 8,675 — — 8,675 Unrealized loss on marketable securities — — — ( 11,191 ) — ( 11,191 ) Repurchases of shares of Class A common stock including related costs ( 2,584,024 ) ( 2 ) — — ( 319,973 ) ( 319,975 ) Net change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts — — — ( 10,199 ) — ( 10,199 ) Share of other comprehensive income from equity method investment — — — 452 — 452 Stock-based compensation — — 291,603 — — 291,603 Balance as of June 30, 2026 153,571,872 $ 154 $ 16,488,013 $ ( 5,270 ) $ ( 7,505,089 ) $ 8,977,808 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 7 Table of Contents TWILIO INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Common Stock Class A Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity Shares Amount (In thousands, except share amounts) Balance as of March 31, 2025 153,254,342 $ 153 $ 15,625,545 $ 10,358 $ ( 7,631,765 ) $ 8,004,291 Net income — — — — 22,423 22,423 Exercises of vested stock options 225,709 — 2,384 — — 2,384 Vesting of restricted stock units 1,631,186 2 ( 2 ) — — — Value of equity awards withheld for tax liability ( 661 ) — ( 85 ) — — ( 85 ) Shares issued under ESPP 253,298 — 20,757 — — 20,757 Shares of Class A common stock issued and donated to charity 22,102 — 2,237 — — 2,237 Unrealized loss on marketable securities — — — ( 1,116 ) — ( 1,116 ) Repurchases of shares of Class A common stock including related costs ( 1,809,818 ) ( 1 ) — — ( 176,747 ) ( 176,748 ) Net change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts — — — 15,821 — 15,821 Share of other comprehensive loss from equity method investment — — — ( 347 ) — ( 347 ) Stock-based compensation — — 154,305 — — 154,305 Balance as of June 30, 2025 153,576,158 $ 154 $ 15,805,141 $ 24,716 $ ( 7,786,089 ) $ 8,043,922 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 8 Table of Contents TWILIO INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Common Stock Class A Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity Shares Amount (In thousands, except share amounts) Balance as of December 31, 2024 152,610,697 $ 153 $ 15,476,124 $ ( 1,301 ) $ ( 7,522,010 ) $ 7,952,966 Net income — — — — 42,440 42,440 Exercises of vested stock options 357,224 — 5,150 — — 5,150 Vesting of restricted stock units 3,343,830 4 ( 4 ) — — — Value of equity awards withheld for tax liability ( 1,084 ) — ( 138 ) — — ( 138 ) Shares issued under ESPP 253,298 — 20,757 — — 20,757 Shares of Class A common stock issued and donated to charity 44,204 — 5,013 — — 5,013 Unrealized gain on marketable securities — — — 3,942 — 3,942 Repurchases of shares of Class A common stock including related costs ( 3,032,011 ) ( 3 ) — — ( 306,519 ) ( 306,522 ) Net change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts — — — 24,207 — 24,207 Share of other comprehensive loss from equity method investment — — — ( 2,132 ) — ( 2,132 ) Stock-based compensation — — 298,239 — — 298,239 Balance as of June 30, 2025 153,576,158 $ 154 $ 15,805,141 $ 24,716 $ ( 7,786,089 ) $ 8,043,922 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 9 Table of Contents TWILIO INC . Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 2025 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: (In thousands) Net income $ 1,157,348 $ 42,440 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 63,688 99,403 Non-cash reduction to the right-of-use asset 9,484 10,516 Net amortization of investment premium and discount ( 4,093 ) ( 8,182 ) Stock-based compensation 278,423 288,524 Amortization of deferred commissions 33,556 38,387 Provision for doubtful accounts 10,763 3,686 Value of shares of Class A common stock issued and donated to charity 6,801 5,013 Share of losses from equity method investment 51,569 44,693 Tax benefit related to release of valuation allowance ( 944,097 ) — Impairment loss on prepaid assets 32,771 — Other adjustments 4,367 3,487 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ( 133,652 ) ( 3,112 ) Prepaid expenses and other current assets 101,533 84,662 Deferred tax asset ( 49,412 ) ( 1,732 ) Other long-term assets ( 551 ) ( 49,688 ) Accounts payable ( 14,462 ) ( 24,323 ) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ( 52,851 ) ( 40,086 ) Deferred revenue and customer deposits ( 5,674 ) ( 7,671 ) Operating lease liabilities ( 17,768 ) ( 18,693 ) Other long-term liabilities ( 2,152 ) 802 Net cash provided by operating activities 525,591 468,126 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Acquisitions, net of cash acquired and payments related to prior period acquisitions ( 685 ) — Purchases of marketable securities and other investments ( 491,492 ) ( 408,836 ) Proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities and other investments 438,342 818,034 Capitalized software development costs ( 33,383 ) ( 24,152 ) Purchases of long-lived assets ( 7,218 ) ( 2,167 ) Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities ( 94,436 ) 382,879 CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Principal payments on finance leases ( 128 ) ( 4,228 ) Value of equity awards withheld for tax liabilities ( 43 ) ( 138 ) Repurchases of shares of Class A common stock and related costs ( 323,048 ) ( 323,249 ) Proceeds from exercises of stock options and shares of Class A common stock issued under ESPP 32,791 25,907 Net cash used in financing activities ( 290,428 ) ( 301,708 ) NET INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH 140,727 549,297 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH—Beginning of period 682,534 431,437 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH —End of period $ 823,261 $ 980,734 Cash paid for income taxes, net $ 23,519 $ 13,088 Cash paid for interest $ 18,762 $ 18,813 RECONCILIATION OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 823,261 $ 969,229 Restricted cash in other long-term assets — 11,505 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 823,261 $ 980,734 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 10 Table of Contents TWILIO INC. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 1. Organization and Description of Business Twilio Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on March 13, 2008. Twilio provides the infrastructure for customer engagement in the AI era. By combining global communications, memory, and AI orchestration with identity, governance, and observability, the Company enables businesses to deliver continuous, contextual, personal, and secure conversations across every channel and participant — human or AI. The Company’s headquarters are located in San Francisco, California, and the Company has subsidiaries across North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026 (“Annual Report”). Certain prior year amounts in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025, included herein, was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but may not include all disclosures including certain notes required by U.S. GAAP on an annual reporting basis. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be anticipated for the full year 2026 or any future period. (b) Principles of Consolidation The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. (c) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are used for, but not limited to, revenue allowances and sales credit reserves; recoverability of long-lived and intangible assets; capitalization and useful life of the Company’s capitalized internal-use software development costs; fair values of acquired intangible assets, goodwill and equity method investments; valuation allowances against deferred tax assets; accruals and contingencies. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under current circumstances. However, future events are subject to change and best estimates and judgments may require further adjustments, therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Management periodically evaluates such estimates and they are adjusted prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. (d) Remaining Performance Obligations Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracts with durations of more than one year was $ 138.2 million as of June 30, 2026, of which 70 % is expected to be recognized over the next 12 months and 96 % is expected to be recognized over the next 24 months. 11 Table of Contents (e) Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the Company recorded $ 153.0 million and $ 158.7 million as its deferred revenue and customer deposits, respectively, that are included in deferred revenue and customer deposits in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized $ 36.2 million and $ 35.0 million of revenue, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue and customer deposits balances as of the end of the previous year. During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized $ 113.0 million and $ 105.1 million of revenue, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue and customer deposits balances as of the end of the previous year. (f) Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities and accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash, restricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities with financial institutions. Certain balances held by such financial institutions exceed insured limits. The Company sells its services to a wide variety of customers. If the financial condition or results of operations of any significant customer deteriorates substantially, operating results could be adversely affected. To reduce credit risk, management performs credit evaluations of the financial condition of significant customers and periodic re-evaluations, as needed, of existing customers. The Company does not require collateral from its credit customers and maintains reserves for estimated credit losses on customer accounts when considered necessary. Actual credit losses may differ from the Company’s estimates. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $ 27.1 million and $ 21.5 million, respectively, and is recorded in accounts receivable, net, in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, no customer organization accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, no customer organization represented more than 10% of the Company’s gross accounts receivable. (g) Segment Reporting The Company operates in and reports its results in a single operating and reportable segment. Operating and reportable segments are determined in accordance with ASC 280 Segment Reporting , which requires financial information to be reported based on how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who is the Company's Chief Executive Officer, reviews and manages the business, and establishes criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments. The financial information of the Company regularly provided to the CODM is on a consolidated level and consolidated net income is its measure of profitability. This measure of profitability is used by the CODM to allocate resources and assess performance of the Company by comparing its actual results to the comparable results in prior periods and to any internally or externally set expectations. The consolidated financial information provided to the CODM, including significant expenses, is presented in a manner consistent with the information already disclosed in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereof. (h) Recently Issued Accounting Guidance, Not yet Adopted In September 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-06, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software,” which modernizes the accounting for internal-use software by replacing the previous stage-based model and aligning the capitalization process with current development practices, especially agile and iterative methods. ASU 2025-06 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and may be applied prospectively, retrospectively, or using a modified transition approach. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “ Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,” which requires disaggregation of certain expenses in the notes to the financial statements to provide enhanced transparency into the expense captions presented on the face of the statements of operations. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after 12 Table of Contents December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. 3. Fair Value Measurements Financial Assets The following tables provide the financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Amortized Cost or Carrying Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Less Than 12 Months Fair Value Hierarchy as of June 30, 2026 Aggregate Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Financial Assets: (In thousands) Cash and cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 571,680 $ — $ — $ 571,680 $ — $ — $ 571,680 Commercial paper 21,579 — — — 21,579 — 21,579 U.S. Treasury bills 3,000 — — 3,000 — — 3,000 Total included in cash and cash equivalents 596,259 — — 574,680 21,579 — 596,259 Marketable securities: Debt securities: U.S. Treasury securities 190,136 135 ( 710 ) 189,561 — — 189,561 Corporate debt securities and commercial paper 1,638,200 1,683 ( 5,605 ) — 1,634,278 — 1,634,278 Total debt securities 1,828,336 1,818 ( 6,315 ) 189,561 1,634,278 — 1,823,839 Equity securities 9,230 — — 9,230 — — 9,230 Total marketable securities 1,837,566 1,818 ( 6,315 ) 198,791 1,634,278 — 1,833,069 Total financial assets $ 2,433,825 $ 1,818 $ ( 6,315 ) $ 773,471 $ 1,655,857 $ — $ 2,429,328 Amortized Cost or Carrying Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Less Than 12 Months Gross Unrealized Losses More Than 12 Months Fair Value Hierarchy as of December 31, 2025 Aggregate Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Financial Assets: (In thousands) Cash and cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 454,505 $ — $ — $ — $ 454,505 $ — $ — $ 454,505 Commercial paper 37,517 — — — 37,517 37,517 Total included in cash and cash equivalents 492,022 — — — 454,505 37,517 — 492,022 Marketable securities: Debt securities: U.S. Treasury securities 249,396 1,190 ( 9 ) — 250,577 — — 250,577 Corporate debt securities and commercial paper 1,523,935 9,360 ( 84 ) ( 1 ) — 1,533,210 — 1,533,210 Total debt securities 1,773,331 10,550 ( 93 ) ( 1 ) 250,577 1,533,210 — 1,783,787 Equity securities 4,220 — — — 4,220 — — 4,220 Total marketable securities 1,777,551 10,550 ( 93 ) ( 1 ) 254,797 1,533,210 — 1,788,007 Total financial assets $ 2,269,573 $ 10,550 $ ( 93 ) $ ( 1 ) $ 709,302 $ 1,570,727 $ — $ 2,280,029 Debt Securities The Company’s primary objective when investing excess cash is preservation of capital, hence the Company’s debt securities primarily consist of U.S. Treasury securities, high credit quality corporate debt securities and commercial paper. Because the Company views its debt securities as available to support current operations, it has classified all available for sale securities as short-term. Interest earned on debt securities was $ 17.8 million and $ 35.3 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, and $ 17.9 million and $ 36.8 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The interest is recorded as other income, net, in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. 13 Table of Contents The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of debt securities: As of June 30, As of December 31, 2026 2025 Amortized Cost Aggregate Fair Value Amortized Cost Aggregate Fair Value Financial Assets: (In thousands) Less than one year $ 737,062 $ 738,146 $ 588,022 $ 590,997 One to three years 1,091,274 1,085,693 1,185,309 1,192,790 Total $ 1,828,336 $ 1,823,839 $ 1,773,331 $ 1,783,787 Strategic Investments As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the Company held strategic investments with a carrying value of $ 24.2 million and $ 24.5 million, respectively, recorded as other long-term assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. There were no significant impairments or adjustments recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 related to these securities. Financial Liabilities The Company’s financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of foreign currency derivative liabilities and are classified as Level 2 financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the aggregate fair value of these liabilities and the associated unrealized losses were not significant. The Company’s financial liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis are its Senior Notes due 2029 (“2029 Notes”) and its Senior Notes due 2031 (“2031 Notes”). As of June 30, 2026, the fair values of the 2029 Notes and 2031 Notes were $ 487.6 million and $ 477.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, the fair values of the 2029 Notes and 2031 Notes were $ 489.7 million and $ 483.9 million, respectively. 4. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consist of the following: As of June 30, As of December 31, 2026 2025 (In thousands) Capitalized internal-use software developments costs $ 464,892 $ 421,795 Data center equipment 19,639 27,843 Leasehold improvements 62,186 62,143 Office equipment 47,902 46,709 Furniture and fixtures 9,965 10,399 Software 15,431 14,927 Total property and equipment 620,015 583,816 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization ( 433,387 ) ( 406,853 ) Total property and equipment, net $ 186,628 $ 176,963 Depreciation and amortization expense was $ 17.7 million and $ 22.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $ 34.6 million and $ 44.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company capitalized $ 22.8 million and $ 17.6 million in internal‑use software development costs in the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $ 46.1 million and $ 33.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. 14 Table of Contents 5. Derivatives and Hedging As of June 30, 2026, the Company’s outstanding foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges had a total sell notional value of $ 330.6 million. The notional value represents the amount that will be sold upon maturity of the forward contract. As of June 30, 2026, these contracts had maturities of up to seventeen months . Gains and losses associated with these foreign currency forward contracts were not significant. The Company is subject to master netting agreements with certain counterparties of the foreign exchange contracts, under which it is permitted to net settle transactions of the same currency with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. It is the Company’s policy to present the derivatives at gross in its unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts are not subject to any credit contingent features or collateral requirements. The Company manages its exposure to counterparty risk by entering into contracts with a diversified group of major financial institutions and by actively monitoring its outstanding positions. As of June 30, 2026, the Company did not have any offsetting arrangements. 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill The goodwill balance as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, and the changes during the period, were as follows: Total (In thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2025 $ 5,291,787 Measurement period adjustment and other 670 Balance as of June 30, 2026 $ 5,292,457 Intangible assets Intangible assets consist of the following: As of June 30, 2026 Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Amortizable intangible assets: (In thousands) Developed technology $ 398,205 $ ( 370,302 ) $ 27,903 Customer relationships 350,283 ( 272,686 ) 77,597 Supplier relationships 49,756 ( 48,983 ) 773 Trade names 25,968 ( 25,968 ) — Patent 3,968 ( 1,392 ) 2,576 Total amortizable intangible assets 828,180 ( 719,331 ) 108,849 Non-amortizable intangible assets: Telecommunication licenses 4,920 — 4,920 Trademarks and other 295 — 295 Total $ 833,395 $ ( 719,331 ) $ 114,064 15 Table of Contents As of December 31, 2025 Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Amortizable intangible assets: (In thousands) Developed technology $ 398,205 $ ( 359,450 ) $ 38,755 Customer relationships 350,283 ( 260,216 ) 90,067 Supplier relationships 49,756 ( 44,443 ) 5,313 Trade names 25,968 ( 25,928 ) 40 Patent 3,968 ( 1,293 ) 2,675 Total amortizable intangible assets 828,180 ( 691,330 ) 136,850 Non-amortizable intangible assets: Telecommunication licenses 4,920 — 4,920 Trademarks and other 295 — 295 Total $ 833,395 $ ( 691,330 ) $ 142,065 Amortization expense was $ 11.3 million and $ 27.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $ 28.0 million and $ 54.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows: As of June 30, 2026 Year Ended December 31, (In thousands) 2026 (remaining six months) $ 16,614 2027 27,796 2028 21,520 2029 17,353 2030 16,614 Thereafter 8,952 Total $ 108,849 7. Balance Sheet Components Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following: As of June 30, As of December 31, 2026 2025 (In thousands) Prepaid expenses (1) $ 223,615 $ 307,263 Other current assets 106,396 162,387 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 330,011 $ 469,650 ____________________________________ (1) In the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recorded a $ 32.8 million impairment loss on prepaid assets, which contributed to a decrease in prepaid expenses from December 31, 2025. The impairment loss was due to the Company’s determination that it would be unable to consume certain network services that were prepaid in previous periods due to operational and financial challenges experienced by two network service providers. 16 Table of Contents Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following: As of June 30, As of December 31, 2026 2025 (In thousands) Accrued payroll and related liabilities $ 87,912 $ 95,795 Company-wide bonus program liability 76,184 136,221 Accrued sales bonus and commissions 14,742 21,922 Accrued cost of revenue 254,004 226,878 Sales and other taxes payable 57,053 58,259 ESPP contributions 5,376 6,925 Accrued other expense 62,427 62,119 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 557,698 $ 608,119 8. Long-Term Debt Long-term debt, net, consists of the following: As of June 30, As of December 31, 2026 2025 (In thousands) 2029 Senior Notes Principal $ 500,000 $ 500,000 Unamortized discount ( 2,329 ) ( 2,733 ) Unamortized issuance costs ( 524 ) ( 615 ) Net carrying amount 497,147 496,652 2031 Senior Notes Principal 500,000 500,000 Unamortized discount ( 3,253 ) ( 3,563 ) Unamortized issuance costs ( 732 ) ( 802 ) Net carrying amount 496,015 495,635 Total long-term debt, net $ 993,162 $ 992,287 As of June 30, 2026, the Company was in compliance with all of its covenants under the related indentures. 9. Revenue by Geographic Area Revenue by geographic area is based on the IP address or the mailing address of the customer at the time of registration. The following table sets forth revenue by geographic area: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 2025 2026 2025 Revenue by geographic area: (In thousands) United States $ 961,352 $ 786,974 $ 1,860,246 $ 1,536,414 International 537,737 441,451 1,045,750 864,474 Total $ 1,499,089 $ 1,228,425 $ 2,905,996 $ 2,400,888 Percentage of revenue by geographic area: United States 64 % 64 % 64 % 64 % International 36 % 36 % 36 % 36 % 17 Table of Contents 10. Commitments and Contingencies (a) Lease and Other Commitments The Company leases its facilities under various non-cancelable operating lease agreements. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company did not enter into any significant new lease agreements. The Company has non-cancelable contractual commitments with its cloud infrastructure provider, network service providers and other vendors. The Company had $ 1.5 billion of non-cancelable purchase commitments as of June 30, 2026 with remaining terms up to five years . (b) Legal Matters From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal actions, claims, and government investigations or inquiries arising in the ordinary course of business. These matters may include, but are not limited to, matters involving privacy, data protection, data security, intellectual property, competition, telecommunications, consumer protection, taxation, securities, employment and contractual rights. While the Company currently believes that the final outcomes of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business, the results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. The Company accrues for contingencies associated with legal matters when it believes that a loss is probable and that it can be reasonably estimated. To the extent there is a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred that is in excess of amounts already recognized and such additional loss amount may be material, the Company either discloses the estimated additional loss amount or states that such an estimate cannot be made. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability of a loss and to estimate the amount of any probable loss. Legal fees and other costs related to litigation and other legal proceedings are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. (c) Indemnification Agreements In the ordinary course of business and in connection with its financing and business combination transactions, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which it agrees to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to business partners, customers and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties and other liabilities relating to or arising from the Company’s products or its acts or omissions. The Company has also signed indemnification agreements with all of its board members and executive officers and certain employees that may require the Company to indemnify them for certain events in connection with their services to the Company or its direct or indirect subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, no amounts were accrued related to any outstanding indemnification agreements. (d) Other Taxes The Company conducts operations in many tax jurisdictions within and outside the United States. In many of these jurisdictions, non-income-based taxes, such as sales, use, telecommunications and other local taxes are assessed on the Company’s operations. The Company carries reserves for certain of its non-income-based tax exposures in certain jurisdictions when it is both probable that a liability was incurred and the amount of the exposure can be reasonably estimated. These reserves are based on estimates which include several key assumptions including, but not limited to, the taxability of the Company’s services, the jurisdictions in which management believes it had nexus and the sourcing of revenues to those jurisdictions. The Company continues to remain in discussions with certain jurisdictions regarding its prior sales and other taxes that it may owe. In the event any of these jurisdictions disagree with management’s assumptions and analysis, the assessment of the Company’s tax exposure could differ materially from management’s current estimates. 18 Table of Contents As of June 30, 2026, the liabilities accrued for non-income-based taxes were $ 23.1 million for domestic jurisdictions and $ 22.1 million for jurisdictions outside of the United States. As of December 31, 2025, these liabilities were $ 21.1 million and $ 21.8 million, respectively. 11. Stockholders' Equity Preferred Stock As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had authorized 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $ 0.001 per share, of which no shares were issued and outstanding. Common Stock As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had authorized 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 153,571,872 and 152,411,346 shares of Class A common stock, respectively, were issued and outstanding. The Company had reserved shares of common stock for issuance as follows: As of June 30, As of December 31, 2026 2025 Stock options issued and outstanding 767,453 902,120 Unvested restricted stock units issued and outstanding 12,168,065 13,663,977 Shares of Class A common stock reserved for Twilio.org 221,021 265,225 Stock-based awards available for grant under 2016 equity plan 10,529,415 28,543,969 Shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to ESPP (1) 12,133,808 10,836,938 Total 35,819,762 54,212,229 ____________________________________ (1) The amount as of June 30, 2026 reflects the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the ESPP governing the current offering period as of that date. See Note 12 for further details. Share Repurchase Program In January 2025, the board of directors of the Company authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $ 2.0 billion in aggregate value of the Company’s outstanding Class A common stock. Repurchases under this program can be made through open market, private transactions or other means, in compliance with applicable federal securities laws, and can include repurchases pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. The Company has discretion in determining the conditions under which shares may be repurchased from time to time. The program expires on December 31, 2027. In the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company repurchased 0.5 million and 1.8 million shares of its Class A common stock, respectively, for an aggregate purchase price of $ 66.0 million and $ 176.7 million, respectively. In the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company repurchased 2.6 million and 3.0 million shares of its Class A common stock, respectively, for an aggregate purchase price of $ 319.4 million and $ 306.9 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, approximately $ 826.0 million of the amount authorized in January 2025 for share repurchases remained available for future repurchases. 12. Stock-Based Compensation Stock Option and Incentive Plan The Company’s 2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “Prior Equity Plan”) that originally became effective on June 21, 2016, and was scheduled to expire in June 2026, was amended on June 16, 2026 (the “Amendment Date”), pursuant to the Company’s stockholders’ approval. The amended 2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “Amended Equity Plan”) superseded the Prior Equity Plan and will expire on June 16, 2036. As of its effective date, the Amended Equity Plan reduced the number of shares reserved for issuance under the plan to a maximum of 10,500,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, which will be increased by the amount of any shares subject to awards granted under the Amended Equity Plan (or the Prior Equity Plan prior to the Amendment Date) that are forfeited, canceled, reacquired by the Company prior to vesting 19 Table of Contents or otherwise terminated. The Amended Equity Plan does not provide for automatic annual increases of available shares in the plan. The types of awards permitted for granting under the Amended Equity Plan remain unchanged and include stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, unrestricted stock awards, performance share awards, dividend equivalent rights and cash-based awards by the Company to be granted to its employees, directors and consultants. Certain of the Company’s outstanding equity awards were granted under equity incentive plans that are no longer active but continue to govern the outstanding equity awards granted thereunder. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company’s 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Prior ESPP”) that originally became effective on June 21, 2016, and was scheduled to expire in June 2026, was amended on June 16, 2026, pursuant to the Company's stockholders’ approval. The amended 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Amended ESPP”) superseded the Prior ESPP and will remain effective until terminated by the Company’s board of directors in its discretion. As of its effective date, the Amended ESPP reduced the number of shares reserved for issuance thereunder to a maximum of 4,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Amended ESPP does not provide for automatic annual increases of available shares in the plan. Both the Prior ESPP and the Amended ESPP allow eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a discount of 15 % through payroll deductions of their eligible compensation, and provide for separate six-month offering periods beginning in May and November of each year. The initial offering under the Amended ESPP will begin on November 16, 2026, following the conclusion of the current six-month offering period that commenced in May 2026 under the Prior ESPP. On each purchase date, eligible employees purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a price per share equal to 85 % of the lesser of (i) the fair market value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the offering date or (ii) the fair market value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the purchase date. Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units In the first quarter of 2026, the Company granted to certain of its executive employees performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) covering 210,301 shares of Class A common stock that had an aggregate grant date fair value of $ 24.8 million. The PSUs will vest if certain operational performance conditions, as defined in the grant agreements, are met during the three-year performance achievement period, which expires on December 31, 2028. Additionally, if certain market conditions are met during the performance achievement period, the number of shares that ultimately vest may further increase or decrease. At the end of the vesting period, the number of shares actually issued may range from 0 % to 200 % of the target based on levels of performance. The fair value of the PSUs was determined using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. The expense is recognized on a straight-line basis when it is probable that the performance target will be achieved during the performance period. The probability of achievement is assessed each reporting period and cumulative adjustments are recorded in periods in which the probability assessment changes. 20 Table of Contents As of June 30, 2026, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, including PSUs, was $ 1.1 billion, which will be amortized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years. As of June 30, 2026, total unrecognized compensation cost related to the ESPP was not significant. Stock-Based Compensation Expense The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 2025 2026 2025 (In thousands) Cost of revenue $ 3,111 $ 4,087 $ 6,485 $ 8,358 Research and development 74,702 80,590 147,713 158,656 Sales and marketing 32,299 34,413 63,448 65,772 General and administrative 31,800 30,161 60,777 55,738 Total $ 141,912 $ 149,251 $ 278,423 $ 288,524 13. Net Income Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders during the periods presented: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 2025 2026 2025 Numerator: Net income attributable to common stockholders (in thousands) $ 1,067,209 $ 22,423 $ 1,157,348 $ 42,440 Denominator: Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic 152,785,292 153,228,766 152,582,316 153,273,594 Dilutive effect of outstanding common stock equivalents 6,922,874 6,462,992 6,128,854 7,456,044 Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted 159,708,166 159,691,758 158,711,170 160,729,638 Net income per share attributable to common stockholders: Basic $ 6.99 $ 0.15 $ 7.59 $ 0.28 Diluted $ 6.68 $ 0.14 $ 7.29 $ 0.26 The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been anti-dilutive: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 2025 2026 2025 Stock options issued and outstanding 132,180 414,972 132,180 145,350 Unvested restricted stock units issued and outstanding (1) 2,286,140 4,458,044 2,286,140 4,261,767 Shares of Class A common stock committed under ESPP 90,584 148,220 90,584 148,220 Total 2,508,904 5,021,236 2,508,904 4,555,337 ____________________________________ (1) A portion of these unvested restricted stock units are PSUs. The number of PSUs that ultimately vest may increase or decrease the number of shares that will be issued at the end of the performance period. 14. Income Taxes The Company computes its benefit from (provision for) income taxes for interim periods using an estimated annual effective tax rate based on anticipated annual pretax income or loss. The estimated annual effective tax rate is applied to the Company’s year-to-date income or loss, and is adjusted for discrete items recorded in the period. 21 Table of Contents In 2026, the primary difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and federal statutory rate relates to the tax benefit recognized from the U.S. valuation allowance released during the second quarter of 2026. In prior periods, the primary difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate related to the valuation allowance the Company established on the federal, state and certain foreign net operating losses and credits. The benefit for income taxes recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 consists primarily of the release of the valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets. The benefit for income taxes recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 was also impacted by federal, state and foreign income taxes and withholding taxes in foreign jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business, primarily driven by the excess benefit on share-based payment awards. The provision for income taxes recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 consists primarily of federal, state and foreign income taxes and withholding taxes in foreign jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business. The Company regularly assesses the need for a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets. In making that assessment, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of the deferred tax assets to determine, based on the weight of all available evidence, whether it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The determination of the realizability of deferred tax assets requires significant judgment and relies on management's estimates of future taxable income. As of June 30, 2026, the Company demonstrated sustained profitability in the U.S. over a cumulative period of three years based on the U.S. pre-tax book income adjusted for permanent book-tax differences, and expects to continue to sustain this profitability position in the U.S. for the annual period ended December 31, 2026. This evidence is objective and verifiable and represents strong positive evidence that carries significant weight. Based on the Company’s analysis of all available positive and negative evidence, including the objective and verifiable positive evidence as described above, and anticipated future earnings, the Company concluded that it is more likely than not that the majority of its U.S. deferred tax assets are realizable. As a result of this change in estimate, the Company released a significant portion of the valuation allowance on its U.S. deferred tax assets in the current quarter. The majority of this valuation allowance related to the U.S. federal and state net operating losses, tax credit carryforwards, and capitalized R&D expenditures. As the change in estimate occurred during an interim period, the Company included the change in valuation allowance resulting from the current year income in the estimated annual effective tax rate and recorded the release of the valuation allowance as a discrete tax benefit during the period, which resulted in the recognition of deferred tax assets and an income tax benefit during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 of $ 944.1 million. An additional $ 8.7 million of the valuation allowance release was recorded in the statement of shareholders’ equity related to deferred tax assets that arose from a previously settled capped call. The Company’s judgment regarding the need for a valuation allowance may reasonably change in future reporting periods due to many factors, including changes in expectations of future profitability in the U.S. and changes in tax laws or regulations. The Company will continue to maintain a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets where the Company believes that it is more likely than not that they will not be realized. The remaining valuation allowance as of June 30, 2026 was $ 519.3 million, maintained against deferred tax assets related to investments, certain state research and development credits and certain foreign deferred tax assets. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various other state and foreign jurisdictions. Because the Company has net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, the statute of limitations is open for all tax years. In February 2026, the Internal Revenue Service notified the Company of its intent to commence an audit of the Company's federal income tax return for the year ended December 31, 2023. The audit is in its preliminary stages. While the final outcome of this audit is uncertain, management believes that adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments that may result and does not expect the audit to have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. 22 Table of Contents 15. Related Party Transactions In May 2022, the Company and Syniverse Corporation (“Syniverse”), an equity method investee, entered into a wholesale agreement pursuant to which Syniverse would process, route and deliver application-to-person messages originating and/or terminating between the Company’s customers and mobile network operators. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the value of transactions that occurred between the Company and Syniverse were $ 13.0 million and $ 44.0 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the value of the transactions that occurred between the Company and Syniverse were $ 30.3 million and $ 69.0 million, respectively. These transactions were recorded as cost of revenue in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. 23 Table of Contents Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “can,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about: • the impact of global economic and political conditions and uncertainty and significant market volatility on our business, customers and partners; • our future financial performance, including expectations regarding our revenue, revenue growth, cost of revenue, gross profit, gross margin, operating expenses, and stock-based compensation, our ability to generate positive cash flow and our ability to achieve, improve and sustain profitability; • our expectations regarding the factors affecting our results of operations, the timing of future expenses, and the assumptions underlying such expectations; • our ability to execute on our vision for our platform, including delivering new product releases and enhancements, reducing friction across our platform and streamlining cross-channel orchestration; • our ability to successfully deliver an interoperable platform that allows businesses to harness the power of customer data and consumer insights to improve customer engagement; • our use of and ability to leverage artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning, including to develop and commercialize products and features for our customers and deploy internal applications for our own operational efficiency; • our ability to drive durable, profitable growth and increase our market share, including through product innovation, leveraging artificial intelligence, forming and enhancing relationships with independent software vendors and other partners, improving our self-service capabilities, cross-selling our products and expanding internationally; • our ability to simplify and modernize our business processes and improve our overall operating efficiency; • our ability to compete effectively in an intensely competitive market, including our ability to set optimal prices for our products and adapt and respond effectively to rising costs, competing offerings, rapidly changing technology and technology trends, and evolving customer needs and preferences; • our anticipated investments in sales and marketing, research and development and additional systems and processes to support our growth; • our ability to maintain reliable service levels for our customers; • our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property; • the impact of, and our ability to comply with, modified or new industry standards, laws and regulations applying to our business, including legislative developments that may affect our tax obligations or tax expense; • our expectations regarding changes in network service provider fees that we pay in connection with the delivery of communications on our platform, including A2P messaging fees, our ability to manage such fees and their impact on our financial results; • investments and costs required to prevent, detect and remediate potential cybersecurity threats, incidents and breaches of ours or our customers’ systems or information; 24 Table of Contents • our ability to optimize our network service provider coverage and connectivity; • our ability to work closely with email inbox service providers to maintain deliverability rates; • the impact and expected results from changes in our relationships with our larger customers; • the sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents to meet our liquidity needs; • our expectations regarding share repurchases; • our ability to successfully defend litigation brought against us; • the anticipated results of our foreign currency hedging activities; • our ability to service the interest on our 3.625% senior notes due 2029 (“2029 Notes”) and on our 3.875% notes due 2031 (“2031 Notes,” and together with the 2029 Notes, the “Notes”), and repay such Notes; • our customers’ and other platform users’ violation of our policies or other misuse of our platform; and • our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses and realize the benefits of our past or future strategic acquisitions, divestitures or investments. We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described below in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “Twilio,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar terms are to Twilio Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.