Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The demand, pricing and terms for our products and services are largely dependent upon the level of activity for the U.S. oil and natural gas industry, energy infrastructure industry and natural sand proppant industry. Industry conditions are influenced by numerous factors over which we have no control, including, but not limited to: the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas services, energy infrastructure services and natural sand proppant; demand for repair and construction of transmission lines, substations and distribution networks in the energy infrastructure industry and the level of expenditures of utility companies; the level of prices of, and expectations about future prices for, oil and natural gas and natural sand proppant, as well as energy infrastructure services; the cost of exploring for, developing, producing and delivering oil and natural gas; the expected rates of declining current production; the discovery rates of new oil and natural gas reserves and frac sand reserves meeting industry specifications and consisting of the mesh size in demand; access to pipeline, transloading and other transportation facilities and their capacity; weather conditions; domestic and worldwide economic conditions; political instability in oil-producing countries; environmental regulations; technical advances affecting energy consumption; the price and availability of alternative fuels; the ability of oil and natural gas producers and other users of our services to raise equity capital and debt financing; and merger and divestiture activity in industries in which we operate.
In March and April 2020, concurrent with the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine orders in the U.S. and worldwide, oil prices dropped sharply to below zero for the first time in history due to factors including significantly reduced demand and a shortage of storage facilities. In 2021, U.S. oil production stabilized as commodity prices increased and demand for crude oil rebounded. Despite the recent improvement in the U.S. and global economic activity, easing of the COVID-19 pandemic related restrictions, the availability of vaccines and treatments and rising energy use and commodity prices, the U.S. production outlook remains cautious and we continue to expect the challenging market for oilfield services for the foreseeable future, which has had, and is likely to continue to have, an adverse effect on both pricing and utilization for our oilfield services and our financial condition and results of operations.
The levels of activity in the U.S. oil and natural gas exploration and production, energy infrastructure and natural sand proppant industries have been and continue to be volatile. We are unable to predict the ultimate impact the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the volatility in commodity prices, the challenging market for oilfield services and any adverse changes in macroeconomic conditions would have on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and stock price.
Interest Rate Risk
We had a cash and cash equivalents balance of $9.9 million at December 31, 2021. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. We do not believe that we have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of these investments as a result of changes in interest rates. Declines in interest rates, however, will reduce future income.
Interest under our credit facility is payable at a base rate plus an applicable margin. Additionally, at our request, outstanding balances are permitted to be converted to LIBOR rate plus applicable margin tranches. LIBOR tends to fluctuate based on multiple facts, including general short-term interest rates, rates set by the U.S. Federal Reserve, which indicated plans for multiple interest rate increases in 2022, and other central banks, the supply of and demand for credit in the London interbank market and general economic conditions. The applicable margin for either the base rate or the LIBOR rate option can vary from 2.0% to 3.5%, based upon a calculation of the excess availability of the line as a percentage of the maximum credit limit. At December 31, 2021, we had outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility of $83.4 million with a weighted average interest rate of 4.17%. A 1% increase or decrease in the interest rate would have increased or decreased our interest expense by approximately $0.8 million per year. We do not currently hedge our interest rate exposure.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our remote accommodation business, which is included in our other services division, generates revenue and incurs expenses that are denominated in the Canadian dollar. These transactions could be materially affected by currency fluctuations. Changes in currency exchange rates could adversely affect our consolidated results of operations or financial position. We also maintain cash balances denominated in the Canadian dollar. At December 31, 2021, we had $1.5 million of cash in Canadian accounts. A 10% increase in the strength of the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar would have resulted in an increase in pre-tax income of approximately $0.1 million as of December 31, 2021. Conversely, a corresponding decrease in the strength of the Canadian dollar would have resulted in a comparable increase in pre-tax income. We have not hedged our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and, as a result, could incur unanticipated translation gains and losses.
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Customer Credit Risk
We are also subject to credit risk due to concentration of our receivables from several significant customers. We generally do not require our customers to post collateral. The inability, delay or failure of our customers to meet their obligations to us due to customer liquidity issues or their insolvency or liquidation may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. This risk may be further enhanced by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the volatility in commodity prices, the reduced demand for oilfield services and challenging macroeconomic conditions.
Specifically, we had receivables due from PREPA totaling $337.8 million as of December 31, 2021. PREPA is currently subject to bankruptcy proceedings pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico. As a result, PREPA’s ability to meet its payment obligations under the contracts is largely dependent upon funding from the FEMA or other sources. See Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Accounts Receivable and —Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers and Note 19. Commitments and Contingencies—Litigation of our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this annual report for additional information.
Seasonality
We provide infrastructure services in the northeast, southwest and midwest portions of the United States. We provide well completion and drilling services primarily in the Utica, Permian Basin, Eagle Ford, Marcellus, Granite Wash, Cana Woodford and Cleveland sand resource plays located in the continental U.S. We provide remote accommodation services in the oil sands in Alberta, Canada. We serve these markets through our facilities and service centers that are strategically located to serve our customers in Ohio, Texas, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kentucky and Alberta, Canada. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we generated approximately 48%, 35% and 17%, respectively, of our revenue from our operations in Ohio, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Canada where weather conditions may be severe. As a result, our operations may be limited or disrupted, particularly during winter and spring months, in these geographic regions, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our operations in Oklahoma and Texas are generally not affected by seasonal weather conditions.
Inflation
Inflation in the United States has been relatively low in recent years and did not have a material impact on our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 or 2019. Although the impact of inflation has been insignificant in recent years, it is still a factor in the United States economy and we tend to experience inflationary pressure on the cost of oilfield services and equipment as increasing oil and gas prices increase drilling activity in our areas of operations.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The information required by this item appears beginning on page F-1 following the signature pages of this report.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.