TRANSCAT INC 10-K

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA   INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS       Page Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting   38 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 317 )   39 Consolidated Statements of Income for the Fiscal Years Ended March 25, 2023, March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021   41 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Years Ended March 25, 2023, March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021   42 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022   43 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended March 25, 2023, March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021   44 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended March 25, 2023, March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021   45 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements   46   37 Table of Contents   Management ’ s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting     Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.  Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.  In designing and evaluating our internal control system, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and that the effectiveness of any system has inherent limitations including, but not limited to, the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls and procedures.  Management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, is required to apply judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.  Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected in a timely manner.   An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our procedures and internal control over financial reporting using the framework and criteria described in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.  Based on this evaluation, our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective in providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as of March 25, 2023.   Freed Maxick CPAs, P.C., our independent registered public accounting firm, has audited and reported on the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as stated in their report included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.   38 Table of Contents   Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm   To the Board of Directors and Shareholders Transcat, Inc. Rochester, New York   Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Transcat, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in shareholders' equity for each of the three years in the period ended March 25, 2023, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 25, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.   In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 25, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 25, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.   Basis for Opinions The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements and an opinion on the company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.   We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.   Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.   Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.   Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.   39 Table of Contents   Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.   Business Combinations Critical Audit Matter Description   As discussed in Notes 1 and 9 to the consolidated financial statements, during the year ended March 25, 2023, the Company completed multiple business combinations for an aggregate purchase of approximately $9.9 million. The Company applied the acquisition method of accounting for the acquisitions. Under this method, identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration transferred are measured at their acquisition-date fair value. Assumptions used include the weighted-average cost of capital, risk free rate, asset volatility, customer attrition, as well as forecasted revenue and EBITDA. Aggregate intangible assets and goodwill represented an allocation of purchase price in the amount of $3.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively.  As a result of a business combination in the prior year the Company is still obligated under a contingent consideration arrangement where the potential payout is up to $7,125,000.   The Company’s determination of the fair value of assets acquired and contingent consideration related to a prior acquisition is based upon assumptions of the future performance of the acquisitions and other factors. Due to the subjectivity involved we identified the fair value estimate of assets acquired and contingent consideration as a critical audit matter, which required a higher degree of auditor judgement as well as the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge. If, as a result of remeasurement, the value of the contingent consideration changes, any charges or income will be included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.   How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit   Our audit procedures related to the estimation of fair value of assets acquired and contingent consideration associated with the business combinations included the following, among others:     ● We obtained an understanding of the process and assumptions used by management to develop the estimate of the fair value of assets acquired and consideration transferred and reassessment of contingent consideration.   ● We obtained an understanding of management’s controls and tested the operating effectiveness of the controls.   ● We engaged an internal valuation specialist to test certain assumptions and approaches used.   ● We tested management’s measurement of fair value, including testing of the completeness and accuracy of source information used, mathematical accuracy of management’s calculations, and evaluated reasonableness and consistency of methodology and assumption.   /s/ Freed Maxick CPAs, P.C.   We have served as the Company's auditor since 2012.   Rochester, New York June 6, 2023   40 Table of Contents     TRANSCAT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)       For the Fiscal Years Ended       March 25,     March 26,     March 27,       2023     2022     2021   Service Revenue   $ 144,883     $ 122,005     $ 101,274   Distribution Sales     85,686       82,954       72,061   Total Revenue     230,569       204,959       173,335                             Cost of Service Revenue     98,245       83,084       70,579   Cost of Distribution Sales     63,969       63,436       56,638   Total Cost of Revenue     162,214       146,520       127,217                             Gross Profit     68,355       58,439       46,118                             Selling, Marketing and Warehouse Expenses     24,761       20,649       17,743   General and Administrative Expenses     27,346       23,647       17,302   Total Operating Expenses     52,107       44,296       35,045                             Operating Income     16,248       14,143       11,073                             Interest and Other Expenses, net     2,761       953       1,091                             Income Before Provision for Income Taxes     13,487       13,190       9,982   Provision for Income Taxes     2,799       1,810       2,191                             Net Income   $ 10,688     $ 11,380     $ 7,791                             Basic Earnings Per Share   $ 1.42     $ 1.52     $ 1.05   Average Shares Outstanding     7,551       7,496       7,423                             Diluted Earnings Per Share   $ 1.40     $ 1.50     $ 1.03   Average Shares Outstanding     7,645       7,589       7,548     See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.   41 Table of Contents     TRANSCAT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In Thousands)       For the Fiscal Years Ended       March 25,     March 26,     March 27,       2023     2022     2021   Net Income   $ 10,688     $ 11,380     $ 7,791                             Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:                         Currency Translation Adjustment     ( 918 )     ( 207 )     662   Other, net of tax effects of $ 14 , $ (146) and $ 36 for the years ended March 25, 2023, March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021 respectively.     ( 49 )     425       ( 103 ) Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income     ( 967 )     218       559                             Comprehensive Income   $ 9,721     $ 11,598     $ 8,350     See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.   42 Table of Contents     TRANSCAT, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)       March 25,     March 26,       2023     2022   ASSETS                 Current Assets:                 Cash   $ 1,531     $ 1,396   Accounts Receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 457 and $ 460 as of March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022, respectively     44,698       39,737   Other Receivables     506       558   Inventory, net     16,929       12,712   Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets     3,935       5,301   Total Current Assets     67,599       59,704   Property and Equipment, net     29,064       26,439   Goodwill     69,360       65,074   Intangible Assets, net     13,799       14,692   Right to Use Assets, net     14,876       11,026   Other Assets     1,051       827   Total Assets   $ 195,749     $ 177,762                     LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY                 Current Liabilities:                 Accounts Payable   $ 15,869     $ 14,171   Accrued Compensation and Other Current Liabilities     10,201       11,378   Current Portion of Long-Term Debt     2,248       2,161   Total Current Liabilities     28,318       27,710   Long-Term Debt     46,869       46,291   Deferred Tax Liabilities, net     6,538       6,724   Lease Liabilities     12,960       9,194   Other Liabilities     1,434       1,667   Total Liabilities     96,119       91,586                     Shareholders' Equity:                 Common Stock, par value $ 0.50 per share, 30,000,000 shares authorized; 7,562,604 and 7,529,078 shares issued and outstanding as of March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022, respectively     3,781       3,765   Capital in Excess of Par Value     27,886       23,900   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss     ( 1,200 )     ( 233 ) Retained Earnings     69,163       58,744   Total Shareholders' Equity     99,630       86,176   Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity   $ 195,749     $ 177,762     See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.   43 Table of Contents     TRANSCAT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In Thousands)       For the Fiscal Years Ended       March 25,     March 26,     March 27,       2023     2022     2021   Cash Flows from Operating Activities:                         Net Income   $ 10,688     $ 11,380     $ 7,791   Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash                         Provided by Operating Activities:                         Loss on Disposal of Property and Equipment     88       88       136   Deferred Income Taxes     ( 186 )     559       176   Depreciation and Amortization     10,955       9,567       7,580   Provision for Accounts Receivable and Inventory Reserves     74       34       636   Stock-Based Compensation Expense     3,377       2,329       1,513   Changes in Assets and Liabilities, net of acquisitions:                         Accounts Receivable and Other Receivables     ( 5,226 )     ( 3,392 )     ( 1,796 ) Inventory     ( 3,377 )     ( 122 )     2,724   Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets     1,119       ( 2,960 )     ( 725 ) Accounts Payable     1,600       1,901       329   Accrued Compensation and Other Current Liabilities     ( 2,161 )     ( 1,113 )     4,943   Income Taxes Payable     -       ( 653 )     332   Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities     16,951       17,618       23,639                             Cash Flows from Investing Activities:                         Purchase of Property and Equipment     ( 9,414 )     ( 10,152 )     ( 6,617 ) Proceeds from Sale of Property and Equipment     10       109       17   Business Acquisitions, net of cash acquired     ( 9,109 )     ( 29,808 )     ( 3,551 ) Net Cash Used in Investing Activities     ( 18,513 )     ( 39,851 )     ( 10,151 )                           Cash Flows from Financing Activities:                         Proceeds from (Repayment of) Revolving Credit Facility, net     2,786       31,005       ( 8,801 ) Repayments of Term Loan     ( 2,121 )     ( 2,114 )     ( 1,982 ) Issuance of Common Stock     658       1,486       1,177   Repurchase of Common Stock     ( 447 )     ( 6,683 )     ( 3,049 ) Net Cash Provided by (Used In) Financing Activities     876       23,694       ( 12,655 )                           Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash     821       ( 625 )     ( 772 )                           Net Increase in Cash     135       836       61   Cash at Beginning of Fiscal Year     1,396       560       499   Cash at End of Fiscal Year   $ 1,531     $ 1,396     $ 560                             Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Activity:                         Cash paid during the fiscal year for:                         Interest   $ 2,263     $ 780     $ 860   Income Taxes   $ 1,116     $ 3,900     $ 1,759   Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:                         Common stock issued for acquisitions   $ 145     $ 2,368     $ -   Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations:                         Contingent consideration related to NEXA acquisition   $ -     $ 153     $ -   Accrued holdback consideration related to acquisitions   $ 590     $ -     $ -     See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.   44 Table of Contents     TRANSCAT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS ’ EQUITY (In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)                       Capital                               Common Stock     In     Accumulated                       Issued     Excess     Other                       $0.50 Par Value     of Par     Comprehensive     Retained               Shares     Amount     Value     Income (Loss)     Earnings     Total   Balance as of March 28, 2020     7,381     $ 3,691     $ 17,929     $ ( 1,010 )   $ 46,477     $ 67,087   Issuance of Common Stock     57       29       1,148       -       -       1,177   Repurchase of Common Stock     ( 81 )     ( 41 )     ( 1,253 )     -       ( 1,755 )     ( 3,049 ) Stock-Based Compensation     101       50       1,463       -       -       1,513   Other Comprehensive Income     -       -       -       559       -       559   Net Income     -       -       -       -       7,791       7,791   Balance as of March 27, 2021     7,458       3,729       19,287       ( 451 )     52,513       75,078   Issuance of Common Stock     127       64       3,790       -       -       3,854   Repurchase of Common Stock     ( 111 )     ( 56 )     ( 1,478 )     -       ( 5,149 )     ( 6,683 ) Stock-Based Compensation     55       28       2,301       -       -       2,329   Other Comprehensive Income     -       -       -       218       -       218   Net Income     -       -       -       -       11,380       11,380   Balance as of March 26, 2022     7,529       3,765       23,900       ( 233 )     58,744       86,176   Issuance of Common Stock     14       6       797       -       -       803   Repurchase of Common Stock     ( 7 )     ( 3 )     ( 175 )     -       ( 269 )     ( 447 ) Stock-Based Compensation     26       13       3,364       -       -       3,377   Other Comprehensive Loss     -       -       -       ( 967 )     -       ( 967 ) Net Income     -       -       -       -       10,688       10,688   Balance as of March 25, 2023     7,562     $ 3,781     $ 27,886     $ ( 1,200 )   $ 69,163     $ 99,630     See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.   45 Table of Contents   TRANSCAT, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   NOTE 1 – GENERAL   Description of Business: Transcat, Inc. (“Transcat,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company”) is a leading provider of accredited calibration services, enterprise asset management services, and value-added distributor of professional grade handheld test, measurement and control instrumentation. The Company is focused on providing services and products to highly regulated industries, particularly the life science industry, which includes pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and other FDA-regulated businesses. Additional industries served include industrial manufacturing; energy and utilities, including oil and gas; chemical manufacturing; FAA-regulated businesses, including aerospace and defense and other industries that require accuracy in their processes, confirmation of the capabilities of their equipment, and for which the risk of failure is very costly.   Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements of Transcat include the accounts of Transcat and the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Transcat Canada, Inc., WTT Real Estate Acquisition, LLC, Cal OpEx Limited (d/b/a Transcat Ireland), Cal OpEx Inc. (d/b/a NEXA EAM) and Tangent Labs LLC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.   Use of Estimates: The preparation of Transcat’s Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires that the Company make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts and returns, inventory reserves, estimated levels of achievement for performance-based restricted stock units, fair value of stock options, depreciable lives of fixed assets, estimated lives of major catalogs and intangible assets, fair value of the goodwill reporting units, and the valuation of assets acquired, liabilities assumed and consideration transferred in business acquisitions. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty; accordingly, accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the operating environment changes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Such changes and refinements in estimation methodologies are reflected in reported results of operations in the period in which the changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.   Fiscal Year: Transcat operates on a 52/53 -week fiscal year, ending the last Saturday in March. In a 52 -week fiscal year, each of the four quarters is a 13 -week period. In a 53 -week fiscal year, the last quarter is a 14 -week period. The fiscal years ended March 25, 2023 ("fiscal year 2023 "),  March 26, 2022 ("fiscal year 2022 ") and  March 27, 2021  ("fiscal year 2021" ) all consisted of 52 weeks.   Accounts Receivable: Accounts receivable represent amounts due from customers in the ordinary course of business. These amounts are recorded net of the allowance for doubtful accounts and returns in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon the expected collectability of accounts receivable. The Company applies a specific formula to its accounts receivable aging, which may be adjusted on a specific account basis where the formula may not appropriately reserve for loss exposure. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The returns reserve is calculated based upon the historical rate of returns applied to revenues over a specific timeframe. The returns reserve will increase or decrease as a result of changes in the level of revenue and/or the historical rate of returns.   Inventory: Inventory consists of products purchased for resale and is valued at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Costs are determined using the average cost method of inventory valuation. The Company performs physical inventory counts and cycle counts on inventory throughout the year and adjusts the recorded balance to reflect the results. Inventory is reduced by a reserve for items not saleable at or above cost by applying a specific loss factor, based on historical experience, to specific categories of inventory. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the reserve on a quarterly basis. The Company had reserves for inventory losses totaling $ 0.3 million and $ 0.5 million at March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022 , respectively.   46 Table of Contents   Property and Equipment, Depreciation and Amortization: Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed under the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:       Years   Machinery, Equipment and Software   2 – 15   Rental Equipment   5 – 8   Furniture and Fixtures   3 – 10   Leasehold Improvements   2 – 12     Property and equipment determined to have no value are written off at their then remaining net book value. The Company capitalizes certain costs, including internal payroll costs incurred in the procurement and development of computer software used for internal purposes. Leasehold improvements are amortized under the straight-line method over the estimated useful life or the lease term, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. See Note 2 for further information on property and equipment.   Business Acquisitions: The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business acquisitions. Under the acquisition method, identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and consideration transferred are measured at their acquisition-date fair value. The Company uses a valuation hierarchy, as further described under Fair Value of Financial Instruments below, to determine the fair values. Historically, we have relied, in part, upon the use of reports from third -party valuation specialists to assist in the estimation of fair values. Purchase price allocations are subject to revision within the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition. Costs to acquire a business may include, but are not limited to, fees for accounting, legal and valuation services, and are expensed as incurred in the Consolidated Statements of Income.   Goodwill and Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the underlying net assets of an acquired business. The Company tests goodwill for impairment for each reporting unit on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year, or immediately if conditions indicate that such impairment could exist. The Company is permitted, but not required, to qualitatively assess indicators of a reporting unit’s fair value to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two -step goodwill impairment test. If a quantitative test is deemed necessary, a discounted cash flow analysis is prepared to estimate fair value. The Company determined that no impairment was indicated as of March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022 .   The Company estimates the fair value of its reporting units using the fair market value measurement requirement. Intangible assets are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. A summary of changes in the Company’s goodwill and intangible assets is as follows (amounts in thousands):       Goodwill     Intangible Assets       Distribution     Service     Total     Distribution     Service     Total   Net Book Value as of March 28, 2020   $ 11,454     $ 30,086     $ 41,540     $ 1,297     $ 6,680     $ 7,977   Additions     4       1,075       1,079       -       2,030       2,030   Amortization     -       -       -       ( 377 )     ( 2,161 )     ( 2,538 ) Currency Translation Adjustment     -       653       653       -       44       44   Net Book Value as of March 27, 2021     11,458       31,814       43,272       920       6,593       7,513   Additions     -       21,749       21,749       -       11,060       11,060   Amortization     -       -       -       ( 273 )     ( 3,611 )     ( 3,884 ) Currency Translation Adjustment     -       53       53       -       3       3   Net Book Value as of March 26, 2022     11,458       53,616       65,074       647       14,045       14,692   Additions     -       5,094       5,094       -       3,576       3,576   Measurement Period Adjustments     -       ( 203 )     ( 203 )     -       -       -   Amortization     -       -       -       ( 199 )     ( 4,255 )     ( 4,454 ) Currency Translation Adjustment     -       ( 605 )     ( 605 )     -       ( 15 )     ( 15 ) Net Book Value as of March 25, 2023   $ 11,458     $ 57,902     $ 69,360     $ 448     $ 13,351     $ 13,799       47 Table of Contents   The intangible assets are being amortized on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives of up to 15 years. Amortization expense relating to intangible assets is expected to be $ 3.8 million in fiscal year 2024, $ 3.2 million in fiscal year 2025, $ 2.4  million in fiscal year 2026, $ 1.1  million in fiscal year 2027  and $ 0.8  million in fiscal year 2028.   Catalog Costs: Transcat capitalizes the cost of each master catalog mailed and amortizes the cost over the respective catalog’s estimated productive life. The Company reviews response results from catalog mailings on a continuous basis, and if warranted, modifies the period over which costs are recognized. The Company amortizes the cost of each master catalog over an eighteen -month period and amortizes the cost of each catalog supplement over a three -month period. Total unamortized catalog costs, included as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $ 0.1 million as of both March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022 .   Deferred Taxes: The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of its assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company establishes valuation allowances if it believes that it is more-likely-than- not that some or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. See Note 4 for further discussion on income taxes.   Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Transcat has determined the fair value of debt and other financial instruments using a valuation hierarchy. The hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value, consists of three levels. Level 1 uses observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2 uses inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, which is defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. The carrying amount of debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates fair value due to variable interest rate pricing on a portion of the debt with the balance bearing an interest rate approximating current market rates, and the carrying amounts for cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Investment assets, which fund the Company’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan, consist of mutual funds and are valued based on Level 1 inputs. At each of   March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022 , investment assets totaled $ 0.2 million and are included as a component of other assets (non-current) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.   Stock-Based Compensation: The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for all equity awards granted, including stock options and restricted stock units, based on the fair market value of the award as of the grant date. The Company records compensation cost related to unvested equity awards by recognizing, on a straight-line basis, the unamortized grant date fair value over the remaining service period for awards expected to vest. Excess tax benefits for share-based award activity are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of the provision for income taxes. Excess tax benefits are realized benefits from tax deductions for exercised awards in excess of the deferred tax asset attributable to stock-based compensation costs for such awards. The Company did not capitalize any stock-based compensation costs as part of an asset. The Company estimates forfeiture rates based on its historical experience. During fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 , the Company recorded non-cash stock-based compensation cost in the amount of $ 3.4 million, $ 2.3 million and $ 1.5 million, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Income.   Revenue Recognition: Distribution sales are recorded when an order’s title and risk of loss transfers to the customer, which is generally upon shipment. The Company recognizes the majority of its Service revenue based upon when the calibration or other activity is performed and then shipped and/or delivered to the customer. The majority of the Company’s revenue generating activities have a single performance obligation and are recognized at the point in time when control transfers and/or our obligation has been fulfilled. Some Service revenue is generated from managing customers’ calibration programs in which the Company recognizes revenue over time using the output method-time elapsed as this portrays the transfer of control to the customer. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for product shipped or services performed. Sales taxes and other taxes billed and collected from customers are excluded from revenue. The Company generally invoices its customers for freight, shipping, and handling charges. Freight billed to customers is included in revenue. Shipping and handling is not included in revenue. Provisions for customer returns are provided for in the period the related revenue is recorded based upon historical data.   Under Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, we use judgments that could potentially impact both the timing of our satisfaction of performance obligations and our determination of transaction prices used in determining revenue recognized. Such judgments include considerations in determining our transaction prices and when our performance obligations are satisfied for our standard product sales that include general payment terms that are between net 30 and 90 days.   48 Table of Contents   Revenue recognized from prior period performance obligations for fiscal year 2023 was immaterial. As of March 25, 2023 , the Company had no unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of greater than one year. Pursuant to Topic 606, the Company applied the practical expedient with respect to disclosure of the deferral and future expected timing of revenue recognition for transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations. Deferred revenue, unbilled revenue and deferred contract costs recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of  March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022 were immaterial. See Note 7 for disaggregated revenue information.   Vendor Rebates: Vendor rebates are generally based on specified cumulative levels of purchases and/or incremental distribution sales and are recorded as a reduction of cost of distribution sales.  Purchase rebates are calculated and recorded quarterly based upon the volume of purchases with specific vendors during the quarter. Point of sale rebate programs that are based on year-over-year sales performance on a calendar year basis are recorded as earned, on a quarterly basis, based upon the expected level of annual achievement. Point of sale rebate programs that are based on year-over-year sales performance on a quarterly basis are recorded as earned in the respective quarter. The Company recorded vendor rebates of $ 0.6 million, $ 1.0 million and $ 0.7 million in fiscal years 2023 ,  2022  and  2021 , respectively, as a reduction of cost of distribution sales.   Cooperative Advertising Income: The Company participates in co-op advertising programs with certain of its vendors. The Company records cash consideration received from these vendors for advertising as a reduction of cost of distribution sales. The Company recorded consideration in the amount of $ 1.0 million, $ 0.8 million and $ 0.6 million in fiscal years 2023 ,  2022  and  2021 , respectively, in connection with these programs.   Advertising Costs: Advertising costs, other than catalog costs, are expensed as they are incurred and are included in Selling, Marketing and Warehouse Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income.  Advertising costs were approximately $ 1.2 million, $ 1.1 million and $ 0.9 million in fiscal years 2023 ,  2022  and  2021 , respectively.   Shipping and Handling Costs: Freight expense and direct shipping costs are included in the cost of revenue. These costs totaled approximately $ 2.9 million, $ 2.7 million and $ 2.4 million in fiscal years 2023 ,  2022  and  2021 , respectively. Direct handling costs, the majority of which represent direct compensation of employees who pick, pack, and prepare merchandise for shipment to customers, are reflected in selling, marketing and warehouse expenses. Direct handling costs were approximately $ 0.7 million, $ 0.8 million and $ 0.8 million in fiscal years 2023 ,  2022  and  2021 , respectively.   Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions: The accounts of Cal OpEx Limited (d/b/a Transcat Ireland), an Irish company, and Transcat Canada Inc., both of which are wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, are maintained in the local currencies, the Euro and the Canadian dollar, respectively, and have been translated to U.S. dollars. Accordingly, the amounts representing assets and liabilities have been translated at the period-end rates of exchange and related revenue and expense accounts have been translated at an average rate of exchange during the period. Gains and losses arising from translation of Cal OpEx Limited’s and Transcat Canada Inc.’s financial statements into U.S. dollars are recorded directly to the accumulated other comprehensive loss component of shareholders’ equity.   Transcat records foreign currency gains and losses on business transactions denominated in foreign currency. The net foreign currency loss was $ 0.7 million in fiscal year 2023 , a gain of $ 0.1 million in fiscal year 2022  and a loss of less than $ 0.1 million in fiscal year  2021 .  The Company continually utilizes short-term foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the risk that its future earnings denominated in Canadian dollars would be adversely affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The Company does not apply hedge accounting and therefore the net change in the fair value of the contracts, which totaled a gain of $ 0.4 million, a loss of less than $ 0.1 million and a loss of less than $ 0.1 million in fiscal year 2023 , 2022  and  2021 , respectively, was recognized as a component of Interest and Other Expenses, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The change in the fair value of the contracts is offset by the change in fair value on the underlying accounts receivables denominated in Canadian dollars being hedged. On March 25, 2023 , the Company had a foreign exchange contract, which matured in April 2022, outstanding in the notional amount of $ 2.5 million. This contract was subsequently renewed and remains in place. The Company does not use hedging arrangements for speculative purposes.   Other Comprehensive Income: Other comprehensive income is composed of currency translation adjustments, unrecognized prior service costs from post retirement plan, net of tax, and unrealized gains or losses on other assets, net of tax.   49 Table of Contents   The Company determines the expense and obligations for its post-retirement plans using assumptions related to discount rates, expected long-term rates of return on invested plan assets, and certain other factors. The Company determines the fair value of plan assets and benefit obligations as of the end of each fiscal year. The unrecognized portion of the gain or loss on plan assets is included in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity and is recognized into the plans’ expense over time. See Note 5 for further discussion on the Company’s post retirement plan.   The Company has a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain management employees and non-employee directors. Investment assets, which fund the Company’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan, consist of mutual funds. The unrecognized portion of the gain or loss on plan assets is included in the Consolidated Statements of Income.   At March 25, 2023 , accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of cumulative currency translation losses of $ 1.1 million, unrecognized prior service costs, net of tax, of $ 0.1 million and an unrealized gain on other assets, net of tax, of less than $ 0.1 million.   At March 26, 2022 , accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of cumulative currency translation gains of $ 0.1 million, unrecognized prior service costs, net of tax, of $ 0.1 million and an unrealized gain on other assets, net of tax, of less than $ 0.1 million.   Earnings per Share: Basic earnings per share of common stock are computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share of common stock reflect the assumed conversion of stock options and unvested restricted stock units using the treasury stock method in periods in which they have a dilutive effect. In computing the per share effect of assumed conversion, proceeds received from the exercise of options and unvested restricted stock units are considered to have been used to purchase shares of common stock at the average market prices during the period, and the resulting net additional shares of common stock are included in the calculation of average shares of common stock outstanding.   For each of fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and 2021 , the net additional common stock equivalents had a $( 0.02 ) per share effect on the calculation of dilutive earnings per share. The average shares outstanding used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows (amounts in thousands):       Fiscal Year Ended       March 25,     March 26,     March 27,       2023     2022     2021   Average Shares Outstanding – Basic     7,551       7,496       7,423   Effect of Dilutive Common Stock Equivalents     94       93       125   Average Shares Outstanding – Diluted     7,645       7,589       7,548   Anti-dilutive Common Stock Equivalents     160       111       -     Shareholders ’ Equity: During fiscal years 2023 ,  2022  and 2021 , the Company repurchased and subsequently retired less than 0.1 million shares, 0.1 million shares and 0.1 million shares, respectively, of its common stock. The Company allows its employees the option of satisfying the employee tax withholding obligations with either cash or a net share repurchase. The repurchase of shares was for the net awarding of certain share awards to cover employee tax-withholding obligations for share award and stock option activity, totaling $ 0.4 million in fiscal year 2023 , $ 6.7 million in fiscal year 2022  and $ 3.1 million in fiscal year  2021 .  There were no stock option redemptions during fiscal year 2023 , fiscal year 2022  or fiscal year  2021 .     50 Table of Contents   Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements:   Credit Losses   In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016 - 13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326 ), which significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The ASU replaces the “incurred loss” model with an “expected credit loss” model that requires entities to estimate an expected lifetime credit loss on financial assets, including trade accounts receivable. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Allowance for doubtful accounts is the most significant item for the Company under this ASU. As credit losses from the Company’s trade receivables have not historically been significant, the Company anticipates that the adoption of the ASU will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.   Reclassification of Amounts: Certain reclassifications of financial information for prior fiscal years have been made to conform to the presentation for the current fiscal year.     NOTE 2 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT   Property and equipment consists of (amounts in thousands):       March 25,     March 26,       2023     2022   Machinery, Equipment and Software   $ 59,689     $ 55,220   Rental Equipment     10,000       8,214   Furniture and Fixtures     2,933       2,788   Leasehold Improvements     8,191       7,222   Total Property and Equipment     80,813       73,444   Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization     ( 51,749 )     ( 47,005 ) Total Property and Equipment, net   $ 29,064     $ 26,439     Total depreciation and amortization expense relating to property and equipment amounted to $ 6.5 million, $ 5.7 million and $ 5.0 million in fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 , respectively.     NOTE 3 – LONG-TERM DEBT   On July 7, 2021, we entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Facility Agreement (the “2021 Credit Agreement”) with Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company (“M&T”), that amended and restated in its entirety the Company’s Amended and Restated Credit Facility Agreement dated as of October 30, 2017, as amended by Amended and Restated Credit Facility Agreement Amendment 1 dated December 10, 2018 and Amended and Restated Credit Facility Agreement Amendment 2 (“Amendment Two”) dated May 18, 2020 ( as amended, the “Prior Credit Agreement”).   The 2021 Credit Agreement increased the revolving credit commitment (the “Revolving Credit Commitment”) from $ 40.0 million to $ 80.0 million, with a letter of credit subfacility increased from $ 2.0 million to $ 10.0 million, and extended the term of the Revolving Credit Commitment to June 2026. The 2021 Credit Agreement amended the definition of Applicable Margin (formerly Applicable Rate under the Prior Credit Agreement), which is based upon the Company’s then current leverage ratio and is used to determine interest charges on outstanding and unused borrowings under the revolving credit facility; the amendments reduced the Applicable Margins payable at the two highest leverage ratio levels. The 2021 Credit Agreement also amended the definition of Permitted Acquisitions, that is, acquisitions which are permitted under, and may be financed with proceeds of, the revolving credit facility, including increasing the aggregate purchase price for acquisitions consummated in any fiscal year from $ 1.0 million to $ 65.0 million during fiscal year 2022 and $ 50.0 million during fiscal year 2023 and any subsequent fiscal year, and adding an aggregate purchase price of $ 40.0 million for acquisitions consummated at any time during the term of the 2021 Credit Agreement related to businesses with a principal place of business located in the United Kingdom or the European Union.   51 Table of Contents   In addition, the 2021 Credit Agreement provides that, assuming no event of default, restricted payments up to $ 25.0 million (increased from $ 10.0 million in the Prior Credit Agreement) in the aggregate and $ 10.0 million (increased from $ 3.0 million in the Prior Credit Agreement) in any single fiscal year may be used by us to repurchase our shares and pay dividends. The 2021 Credit Agreement modified the leverage ratio and fixed charge coverage ratio covenants with which we are required to comply. The 2021 Credit Agreement also reduced the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) floor from 1.0 % to 0.25 % and included a mechanism for adoption of a different benchmark rate upon the discontinuation of LIBOR. The 2021 Credit Agreement also reduced the fixed interest rate on our term loan in the amount of $ 15.0 million (the “2018 Term Loan”) from 4.15 % to 3.90 %.   The 2021 Credit Agreement superseded in its entirety, the Prior Credit Agreement. Amendment Two to the Prior Credit Agreement had previously extended the term of the revolving credit facility to October 20, 2022 and increased the revolving credit commitment to $ 40.0 million.   Amendment Two had modified the definition of the applicable rate used to determine interest charges on outstanding and unused borrowings under the revolving credit facility and it amended the definition of permitted acquisitions to amend borrowings available under the revolving credit facility for acquisitions. In addition, Amendment Two had amended the definition of restricted payments to exclude amounts up to $ 2.5 million during each fiscal year used to pay certain employee tax obligations associated with share-based payment and stock option activity, and modified certain restrictions to the Company’s ability to repurchase its shares and pay dividends. Amendment Two also had modified the leverage ratio and fixed charge coverage ratio covenants with which the Company was required to comply and limited capital expenditures to $ 5.5 million for fiscal year 2021. Amendment Two also had established a LIBOR floor of 1.0 % and included a mechanism for adoption of a different benchmark rate in the event LIBOR was discontinued.   As of March 25, 2023 , $ 80.0 million was available under the revolving credit facility, of which $ 42.7 million was outstanding and included in long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During fiscal year 2023 , $ 9.1 million was used for four business acquisitions.   As of March 25, 2023 , $ 6.4 million was outstanding on the 2018 Term Loan, of which $ 2.2 million was included in current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with the remainder included in long-term debt. The 2018 Term Loan requires total repayments (principal plus interest) of $ 0.2 million per month through December 2025.   Interest and Other Costs: Interest on outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility accrue, at Transcat’s election, at either the variable one -month LIBOR or a fixed rate for a designated period at the LIBOR corresponding to such period (subject to a 1.0 % floor during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 and a 0.25 % floor for subsequent periods), in each case, plus a margin. Interest on outstanding borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan accrued at a fixed rate of 4.15 % over the term of the loan during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 and accrued or will accrue at a fixed rate of 3.90 % over the term of the loan for subsequent periods. Unused fees accrue based on the average daily amount of unused credit available on the revolving credit facility. Interest rate margins and unused fees are determined on a quarterly basis based upon the Company’s calculated leverage ratio. The Company’s interest rate for the revolving credit facility for fiscal year 2023 ranged from 1.6 % to 6.5 %.   Covenants: The 2021 Credit Agreement has certain covenants with which the Company must comply, including a fixed charge ratio covenant and a leverage ratio covenant. The Company was in compliance with all loan covenants and requirements during fiscal years 2023 and 2022 . Our leverage ratio, as defined in the  2021 Credit Agreement, was 1.60 at March 25, 2023 , compared with 1.74 at March 26, 2022 .   Pursuant to the Prior Credit Agreement, we were required to comply with a fixed charge ratio covenant and a leverage ratio covenant, which were modified by the 2021 Credit Agreement. The allowable leverage ratio under the Prior Credit Agreement for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 was a maximum multiple of 4.0 of total debt outstanding compared to EBITDA and non-cash stock-based compensation expense for the preceding four consecutive fiscal quarters. The Prior Credit Agreement also had provided that the trailing twelve -month pro forma EBITDA of an acquired business was included in the allowable leverage calculation. After the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, pursuant to the  2021 Credit Agreement, the allowable leverage ratio is a maximum multiple of 3.0 .   52 Table of Contents   Other Terms: The Company has pledged all of its U.S. tangible and intangible personal property, the equity interests of its U.S.-based subsidiaries, and a majority of the common stock of Transcat Canada Inc. as collateral security for the loans made under the revolving credit facility.     NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXES   Transcat’s income before income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income is as follows (amounts in thousands):       FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   United States   $ 9,879     $ 10,417     $ 9,187   Foreign     3,608       2,773       795   Total   $ 13,487     $ 13,190     $ 9,982     The provision for income taxes for fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and 2021  is as follows:       FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   Current Tax Provision:                         Federal   $ 1,938     $ 414     $ 1,449   State     652       240       428   Foreign     395       752       103       $ 2,985     $ 1,406     $ 1,980   Deferred Tax (Benefit) Provision:                         Federal   $ ( 334 )   $ 456     $ 96   State     ( 258 )     ( 10 )     ( 22 ) Foreign     406       ( 42 )     137       $ ( 186 )   $ 404     $ 211   Provision for Income Taxes   $ 2,799     $ 1,810     $ 2,191     A reconciliation of the income tax provision computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate and the income tax provision reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income is as follows (amounts in thousands):       FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   Federal Income Tax at Statutory Rate   $ 2,832     $ 2,770     $ 2,096   State Income Taxes, net of federal benefit     311       172       282   Foreign Taxes and Federal, State and Foreign Tax Credits     ( 56 )     ( 127 )     9   Tax Impact of Equity Awards     ( 416 )     ( 1,395 )     ( 274 ) Non-Deductible Acquisition Costs     6       206       -   GILTI and 78 Gross Up     83       161       -   Other, net     39       23       78   Total   $ 2,799     $ 1,810     $ 2,191     53 Table of Contents       March 25,     March 26,       2023     2022   Deferred Tax Assets:                 Accrued Liabilities   $ 362     $ 384   Lease Liabilities     1,916       2,622   Performance-Based Stock Award Grants     720       443   Inventory Reserves     70       100   Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan     62       92   Post-Retirement Health Care Plans     323       333   Stock-Based Compensation     570       225   Capitalized Inventory Costs     214       158   Other     314       233   Total Deferred Tax Assets   $ 4,551     $ 4,590                     Deferred Tax Liabilities:                 Goodwill and Intangible Assets   $ ( 3,504 )   $ ( 3,812 ) Right of Use Assets     ( 1,957 )     ( 2,623 ) Depreciation     ( 5,462 )     ( 4,767 ) Other     ( 166 )     ( 112 ) Total Deferred Tax Liabilities   $ ( 11,089 )   $ ( 11,314 )                   Net Deferred Tax Liabilities   $ ( 6,538 )   $ ( 6,724 )   The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various states, Canada and Ireland. The Company is no longer subject to examination by U.S. federal income tax authorities for fiscal years 2019  and prior, by state tax authorities for fiscal years 2017  and prior, by Canadian tax authorities for fiscal years 2017  and prior, and by Ireland tax authorities for calendar years 2018  and prior. There are no income tax years currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service, Canadian and Irish tax authorities. One U.S. state has selected Transcat for analysis, the results of this analysis will determine if further action is required.  The Company's foreign subsidiary undistributed earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested.   During fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and 2021 , there were no uncertain tax positions. No interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions were recognized in fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021  or were accrued at March 25, 2023 and March 26, 2022 .   The Company’s effective tax rate for fiscal years 2023 ,  2022 and  2021  was 20.8 %, 13.7 % and 21.9 % , respectively. The tax rate is affected by recurring items, such as state income taxes and tax credits, which the Company expects to be fairly consistent in the near term. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year but are not consistent from year to year. The discrete benefits related to share-based compensation awards in each of fiscal years 2023 ,  2022 and  2021  were $ 0.4 million, $ 1.4 million and $ 0.3 million, respectively.   The Company expects to receive certain federal, state and Canadian tax credits in future years. The Company also expects to receive discrete tax benefits related to share-based compensation awards in fiscal year 2024. As such, it expects its effective tax rate in fiscal year 2024 to be between 21.0 % and 23.0 %.     NOTE 5 – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS   Defined Contribution Plan. All of Transcat’s U.S. based employees are eligible to participate in a defined contribution plan, the Long-Term Savings and Deferred Profit Sharing Plan (the “Plan”), provided they meet certain qualifications. In fiscal years  2023  and 2022 , the Company matched 50 % of the first 6 % of pay that eligible employees contribute to the Plan. In response to the COVID- 19 pandemic, the Company suspended the employer match to the Plan for the first six months of fiscal year 2021 . In the second six months of fiscal year 2021 , the Company matched 50 % of the first 6 % of pay that eligible employees contribute to the Plan.   54 Table of Contents   In the long-term savings portion of the Plan (the “401K Plan”), plan participants are entitled to a distribution of their vested account balance upon termination of employment or retirement. Plan participants are fully vested in their contributions while Company contributions are fully vested after three years of service. The Company’s matching contributions to the 401K Plan were approximately $ 1.2 million, $ 1.1 million and $ 0.4 million in fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 , respectively.   In the deferred profit sharing portion of the Plan, Company contributions are made at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company made no profit sharing contributions in fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 .   Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) that allows for eligible employees as defined in the ESPP to purchase common shares of the Company through payroll deductions at a price that is 85 % of the closing market price on the second last business day of each calendar month (the “Investment Date”).  650,000 shares can be purchased under the ESPP. The difference between the closing market price on the Investment Date and the price paid by employees is recorded as a general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. The expense related to the ESPP was less than $ 0.1 million in each of fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 .   Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan. The Company has available a non-qualified deferred compensation plan (the “NQDC Plan”) for directors and officers. Participants are fully vested in their contributions. At its discretion, the Company may elect to match employee contributions, subject to legal limitations in conjunction with the 401K Plan, which fully vest after three years of service. During fiscal years 2023 ,  2022  and  2021 , the Company did not match any employee contributions. Participant accounts are adjusted to reflect performance, whether positive or negative, of selected investment options chosen by each participant during the deferral period. In the event of bankruptcy, the assets of the NQDC Plan are available to satisfy the claims of the Company’s general creditors. The liability for compensation deferred under the NQDC Plan was $ 0.2 million as of both  March 25, 2023 and  March 26, 2022 , and is included as a component of other liabilities (non-current) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.   Post-retirement Health Care Plans. The Company has a defined benefit post-retirement health care plan which provides long-term care insurance benefits, medical and dental insurance benefits and medical premium reimbursement benefits to eligible retired corporate officers and their eligible spouses (the “Officer Plan”).   The change in the post-retirement benefit obligation is as follows (amounts in thousands):       FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   Post-retirement benefit obligation, at beginning of fiscal year   $ 1,326     $ 1,831     $ 1,509   Service cost     17       96       84   Interest cost     45       52       48   Plan Amendments     193       -       -   Benefits paid     ( 136 )     ( 125 )     ( 95 ) Actuarial (gain) loss     ( 179 )     ( 528 )     285   Post-retirement benefit obligation, at end of fiscal year     1,266       1,326       1,831   Fair value of plan assets, at end of fiscal year     -       -       -   Funded status, at end of fiscal year   $ ( 1,266 )   $ ( 1,326 )   $ ( 1,831 )                           Accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation, at end of fiscal year   $ 1,266     $ 1,326     $ 1,831     55 Table of Contents   The accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation is included as a component of other liabilities (non-current) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The components of net periodic post-retirement benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income are as follows (amounts in thousands):       FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   Net periodic post-retirement benefit cost:                         Service cost   $ 17     $ 96     $ 84   Interest cost     45       52       48   Amortization of prior service cost     1       1       1         63       149       133   Benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income:                         Amortization of prior service cost     ( 1 )     ( 1 )     ( 1 ) Prior service cost     193       -       -   Net actuarial (gain) loss     ( 185 )     ( 583 )     233         7       ( 584 )     232   Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income   $ 70     $ ( 435 )   $ 365                             Amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, at end of fiscal year:                         Unrecognized prior service cost   $ 163     $ 156     $ 739     The prior service cost is amortized over the average remaining life expectancy of active participants in the Officer Plan. The estimated prior service cost that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic post-retirement benefit cost during fiscal year 2024 is less than $ 0.1 million.   The post-retirement benefit obligation was computed by an independent third -party actuary. Assumptions used to determine the post-retirement benefit obligation and the net periodic postretirement benefit cost were as follows:       March 25,     March 26,       2023     2022   Weighted average discount rate     4.9 %     3.6 %                   Medical care cost trend rate:                 Trend rate assumed for next year     7.8 %     7.0 % Ultimate trend rate     4.0 %     3.8 % Year that rate reaches ultimate trend rate     2075       2075                     Dental care cost trend rate:                 Trend rate assumed for next year and remaining at that level thereafter     3.5 %     3.0 %   56 Table of Contents    Benefit payments are funded by the Company as needed. Payments toward the cost of a retiree’s medical and dental coverage are initially determined as a percentage of a base coverage plan in the year of retirement and are limited to increase at a rate of no more than 50% of the annual increase in medical and dental costs, as defined in the plan document. The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid as follows (amounts in thousands):   Fiscal Year   Amount   2024   $ 121   2025     113   2026     80   2027     92   2028     109   Thereafter   $ 751     Increasing the assumed health care cost trend rate by one percentage point would increase the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation and the annual net periodic post-retirement benefit cost by $ 0.1 million. A one percentage point decrease in the healthcare cost trend would decrease the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation and the annual net periodic post-retirement benefit cost by $ 0.1 million.     NOTE 6 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION   In September 2021, the Transcat, Inc. 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2021  Plan”) was approved by shareholders and became effective. The 2021 Plan replaced the Transcat, Inc. 2003 Incentive Plan (the “2003 Plan”). Shares available for grant under the 2021 Plan include any shares remaining available for issuance under the 2003 Plan and any shares that are subject to outstanding awards under the 2003 Plan that are subsequently canceled, expired, forfeited, or otherwise not issued or are settled in cash. The 2021 Plan provides for, among other awards, grants of restricted stock units and stock options to directors, officers and key employees at the fair market value at the date of grant. At March 25, 2023 , 0.7 million shares of common stock were available for future grant under the 2021 Plan.   The Company receives an excess tax benefit related to restricted stock vesting and stock options exercised and redeemed. The discrete benefits related to share-based compensation and stock option activity in fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 were $ 0.4  million, $ 1.4 million and $ 0.3 million, respectively.   Restricted Stock Units: The Company grants time-based and performance-based restricted stock units as a component of executive and key employee compensation. Expense for restricted stock unit grants is recognized on a straight-line basis for the service period of the stock award based upon fair value of the award on the date of grant. The fair value of the restricted stock unit grants is the quoted market price for the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. These restricted stock units are either time vested, or vest following the third fiscal year from the date of grant subject to cumulative diluted earnings per share targets over the eligible period.   The Company’s non-employee directors receive an annual grant of restricted stock units valued at $ 50,000 that vest after one year. The fiscal year 2023 , fiscal year  2022  and fiscal year  2021 restricted stock unit grants to non-employee directors were made in September 2022, September 2021 and September 2020, respectively.   Compensation cost ultimately recognized for performance-based restricted stock units will equal the grant date fair market value of the unit that coincides with the actual outcome of the performance conditions. On an interim basis, the Company records compensation cost based on the estimated level of achievement of the performance conditions. The expense relating to the time vested restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.   During fiscal year  2023 , 19,000 shares of time-vested restricted stock units were granted and 11,000 shares of performance-based restricted stock units were granted.  During fiscal year 2022 , 30,000 shares of time-vested restricted stock units were granted and 15,000 shares of performance-based restricted stock units were granted. During fiscal year 2021 , 80,000 shares of time-vested restricted stock units were granted.   57 Table of Contents   The following table summarizes the restricted stock units vested and shares issued during fiscal years 2023 ,  2022  and  2021 (amounts in thousands, except per unit data):         Total     Grant Date             Number           Number     Fair     Target     Of   Date Date Measurement   of Units     Value     Level     Shares   Shares Granted Period   Granted     Per Unit     Achieved     Issued   Issued April 2018 April 2018 – March 2020     1     $ 15.65     Time Vested     1   April 2020 April 2017 April 2017 – March 2020     62     $ 12.90     79%     49   May 2020 July 2020 July 2020     1     $ 27.08     Time Vested     1   July 2020 September 2019 September 2019 – September 2020     18     $ 22.77     Time Vested     18   September 2020 October 2018 October 2018 – September 2020     1     $ 20.81     Time Vested     1   October 2020 January 2021 January 2021     3     $ 34.68     Time Vested     3   January 2021 May 2018 April 2018 – March 2021     29     $ 15.30     Time Vested     29   March 2021 April 2018 April 2018 – March 2021     1     $ 15.65     Time Vested     1   April 2021 May 2018 April 2018 – March 2021     29     $ 15.30     64%     19   May 2021 September 2020 September 2020 – September 2021     14     $ 28.52     Time Vested     14   September 2021 October 2018 October 2018 – September 2021     1     $ 20.81     Time Vested     1   October 2021 April 2019 April 2019 – March 2022     20     $ 23.50     Time Vested     20   March 2022 April 2019 April 2019 – March 2022     20     $ 23.50     82%     16   May 2022 July 2022 July 2022     1     $ 59.33     Time Vested     1   July 2022 September 2021 September 2021 – September 2022     7     $ 66.09     Time Vested     7   September 2022 September 2022 September 2022     1     $ 73.30     Time Vested     1   September 2022 October 2018 October 2018 – September 2022     1     $ 20.81     Time Vested     1   October 2022   The following table summarizes the non-vested restricted stock units outstanding as of March 25, 2023 (amounts in thousands, except per unit data):         Total     Grant Date   Estimated       Number     Fair   Level of Date Measurement   of Units     Value   Achievement at Granted Period   Granted     Per Unit   March 25, 2023 October 2018 October 2018 – September 2027   6     $ 20.81   Time Vested April 2020 April 2020 – March 2023   2     $ 26.25   Time Vested July 2020 July 2020 – July 2023   26     $ 27.08   Time Vested September 2020 September 2020 – July 2023   4     $ 28.54   Time Vested September 2020 September 2020 – July 2023   5     $ 29.76   Time Vested September 2020 September 2020 – September 2023   3     $ 29.76   Time Vested May 2021 May 2021 – May 2024   1     $ 54.21   Time Vested June 2021 June 2021 – March 2024   10     $ 53.17   133% of target level June 2021 June 2021 – March 2024   11     $ 53.17   Time Vested September 2021 September 2021 – September 2024   4     $ 67.76   Time Vested January 2022 January 2022 – March 2024   1     $ 90.92   133% of target level January 2022 January 2022 – March 2024   1     $ 90.92   Time Vested January 2022 January 2022 – January 2025   1     $ 90.41   Time Vested March 2022 March 2022 – March 2025   1     $ 76.31   Time Vested May 2022 May 2022 - March 2025   11     $ 63.17   52% of target level May 2022 May 2022 - March 2025   12     $ 63.17   Time Vested August 2022 August 2022 - August 2025   1     $ 78.04   Time Vested September 2022 September 2022 – September 2023   5     $ 73.80   Time Vested December 2022 December 2022 - December 2025   1     $ 81.26   Time Vested December 2022 December 2022 - December 2025   1     $ 67.48   Time Vested   Total expense relating to restricted stock units, based on grant date fair value and the achievement criteria, was $ 2.0 million, $ 1.6 million and $ 1.4 million in fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 , respectively. Unearned compensation totaled $ 1.9 million as of March 25, 2023 which is expected to be realized over a period of three years.   58 Table of Contents   Stock Options: The Company grants stock options to employees and directors with an exercise price equal to the quoted market price of the Company’s stock at the date of the grant. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula that requires assumptions for expected volatility, expected dividends, the risk-free interest rate and the expected term of the option. Expense for stock options is recognized on a straight-lined basis over the requisite service period for each award. Options vest either immediately or over a period of up to five years using a straight-line basis and expire either five years or ten years from the date of grant.   We calculate the fair value of the stock options granted using the Black-Scholes model. The following weighted-average assumptions were used to value options granted during fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 :       FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   Risk-Free Interest Rate     2.65 %     1.01 %     0.22 % Volatility Factor     37.62 %     30.22 %     25.83 % Expected Term (in Years)     4.58       6.25       3.25   Annual Dividend Rate     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %   We calculate expected volatility for stock options by taking an average of historical volatility over the expected term. The computation of expected term was determined based on safe harbor rules, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards and vesting schedules. The interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant. We assume no expected dividends. Under FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, the Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur.   During fiscal year 2023 , the Company granted options for 46,000 shares of common stock in the aggregate to Company employees that vest over three years and an option for 10,000 shares of common stock to a new member of the Board of Directors that vests over five years.   During fiscal year 2022 , the Company granted an option for 10,000 shares of common stock each to two new members ( 20,000 shares in the aggregate) of the Board of Directors that vest over five years, an option for 2,000 shares of common stock each to five employees ( 10,000 shares in the aggregate) that vests over three years, an option for 90,000 shares of common stock in the aggregate to employees during an acquisition that vests over five years and an option for 6,000 shares of common stock to a Company employee that vests over three years.   During fiscal year 2021 , the Company granted an option for 5,000 shares of common stock to a Company employee that vests over three years and an option for 15,000 shares of common stock to an employee that immediately vested.   The expense related to all stock option awards was $ 1.4 million in fiscal year 2023 , $ 0.7  million in fiscal year 2022  and $ 0.1 million in fiscal year  2021 .   59 Table of Contents   The following table summarizes the Company’s options for fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 (amounts in thousands, except per option data):                       Weighted                       Weighted     Average                       Average     Remaining               Number     Exercise     Contractual     Aggregate       Of     Price Per     Term     Intrinsic       Options     Option     (in Years)     Value   Outstanding as of March 28, 2020     150     $ 14.63                   Granted     20       27.48                   Exercised     ( 45 )     18.01                   Outstanding as of March 27, 2021     125       15.47                   Granted     131       61.29                   Exercised     ( 85 )     12.00                   Forfeited     ( 6 )     24.10                   Outstanding as of March 26, 2022     165       53.27                   Granted     56       62.46                   Exercised     ( 4 )     6.19                   Forfeited     -       -                   Outstanding as of March 25, 2023     217       56.25       7     $ 6,628   Exercisable as of March 25, 2023     30     $ 56.23       8     $ 917     The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of fiscal year 2023 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options) that would have been received by the option holders had all holders exercised their options on March 25, 2023 . The amount of aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock.   Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options as of March 25, 2023 was $ 1.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a period of three years. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised in fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 was $ 0.3 million, $ 5.3 million and $ 1.6 million, respectively. Cash received from the exercise of options in fiscal years  2023 , 2022  and  2021 was $ 0.1 million, $ 1.0 million and $ 0.8 million, respectively.   60 Table of Contents   NOTE 7 – SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC DATA   The basis for determining our operating segments is the manner in which financial information is used in monitoring our operations. Transcat has two reportable segments: Service and Distribution. Through our Service segment, we offer calibration, repair, inspection, analytical qualifications, preventative maintenance, consulting and other related services. Through our Distribution segment, we sell and rent national and proprietary brand instruments to customers globally. The Company has no inter-segment sales. We believe that reporting performance at the operating income level is the best indicator of segment performance. The following table presents segment and geographic data for fiscal years 2023 , 2022  and  2021 (dollars in thousands):       FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   Revenue:                         Service   $ 144,883     $ 122,005     $ 101,274   Distribution     85,686       82,954       72,061   Total     230,569       204,959       173,335                             Gross Profit:                         Service     46,638       38,921       30,695   Distribution     21,717       19,518       15,423   Total     68,355       58,439       46,118                             Operating Expenses:                         Service (1)     35,216       28,107       20,254   Distribution (1)     16,891       16,189       14,791   Total     52,107       44,296       35,045                             Operating Income:                         Service     11,422       10,814       10,441   Distribution     4,826       3,329       632   Total     16,248       14,143       11,073                             Unallocated Amounts:                         Interest and Other Expense, net     2,761       953       1,091   Provision for Income Taxes     2,799       1,810       2,191   Total     5,560       2,763       3,282                             Net Income   $ 10,688     $ 11,380     $ 7,791                             Total Assets:                         Service   $ 118,568     $ 109,472         Distribution     52,340       46,107         Unallocated     24,841       22,183         Total   $ 195,749     $ 177,762           Continued on next page   61 Table of Contents         FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   Depreciation and Amortization (2) :                         Service   $ 8,800     $ 7,543     $ 5,597   Distribution     2,155       2,024       1,983   Total   $ 10,955     $ 9,567     $ 7,580                             Capital Expenditures:                         Service   $ 5,569     $ 7,885     $ 4,236   Distribution     3,845       2,267       2,381   Total   $ 9,414     $ 10,152     $ 6,617                             Geographic Data:                         Revenues to Unaffiliated Customers (3) :                         United States (4)   $ 207,143     $ 187,165     $ 159,270   Canada     16,468       14,623       13,040   Other International     6,958       3,171       1,025   Total   $ 230,569     $ 204,959     $ 173,335                             Property and Equipment:                         United States (4)   $ 24,721     $ 22,042     $ 19,897   Canada     4,326       4,397       2,306   Other International     17       -       -   Total   $ 29,064     $ 26,439     $ 22,203       ( 1 ) Operating expense allocations between segments are based on actual amounts, a percentage of revenues, headcount, and management’s estimates.   ( 2 ) Including amortization of catalog costs and intangible assets.   ( 3 ) Revenues are attributed to the countries based on the destination of a product shipment or the location where service is rendered.   ( 4 ) United States includes Puerto Rico.   62 Table of Contents   NOTE 8 – COMMITMENTS   Leases: The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Our lease agreements generally contain lease and non-lease components. Historically, non-lease components such as utilities have been immaterial. Payments under our lease arrangements are primarily fixed. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is our incremental borrowing rate, because the interest rate implicit in our leases is not readily determinable. Our incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located. Our lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option.   Transcat leases facilities, equipment, and vehicles under various non-cancelable operating leases. As of March 25, 2023 , the remaining lease terms on our operating leases range from approximately one year to fifteen years, and include any renewal and/or termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company. There is no transfer of title or option to purchase the leased assets upon expiration. The weighted average discount rate for fiscal year  2023 ,  2022  and 2021  was 3.90 %, 4.15 % and 4.15 %, respectively. The weighted average remaining lease term is approximately eleven  years. Short-term leases are leases having a term of 12 months or less. The Company recognizes short-term leases on an as incurred basis and does not record a related lease asset or liability for such leases. Short-term lease expense was immaterial in fiscal years 2023 ,  2022 . and  2021 .   The components of lease expense for the current and prior-year comparative periods were as follows (dollars in thousands):       FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   Operating lease cost   $ 4,730     $ 3,687     $ 3,206   Variable lease cost   $ 608     $ 619     $ 577   Total lease cost   $ 5,338     $ 4,306     $ 3,783     Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:       FY 2023     FY 2022     FY 2021   Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:                         Operating cash flow from operating leases   $ 440     $ 2,207     $ 2,153   Right to Use Assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities   $ 4,519     $ 3,874     $ 2,945     63 Table of Contents   Total rental expense was approximately $ 5.3 million, $ 4.3 million and $ 3.8 million in fiscal years 2023 ,  2022  and  2021 , respectively. The minimum future annual rental payments under the non-cancelable leases at March 25, 2023 are as follows (in millions):   Fiscal Year     Amount   2024   $ 4.3   2025     3.2   2026     2.6   2027     1.9   2028     1.4   Thereafter     7.8   Total minimum lease payments   $ 21.2   Less: Imputed interest     5.9   Present value of remaining lease payments   $ 15.3     Term Loan: Effective December 2018, the Company has term loan repayments (principal plus interest) of $ 0.2 million per month through December 2025. Principal payments relating to the 2018 Term Loan will be $ 2.2 million in fiscal year 2024, $ 2.3 million in fiscal year 2025 and $ 1.8 million in fiscal year 2026.   Contingent Consideration: In connection with the acquisition of NEXA, there are potential earn-out payments of up to $ 7.5 million over the four -year period following the closing of the transaction based upon NEXA achieving certain annual revenue and EBITDA goals. If achieved, the earn-out payments will be made in shares of common stock unless certain criteria is met for cash payment. As of August 31, 2021 and March 26, 2022, the estimated fair value for the contingent earn-out payments was $ 0.2 million and included in the preliminary purchase price allocation in Note 9.   During the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company reduced the contingent consideration down to zero.  As a result of remeasurement, the change was included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.  There were no remeasurement adjustments during the second half of fiscal year 2023.     NOTE 9 – BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS   Elite : Effective February 2, 2023, Transcat acquired substantially all of the assets of Elite Calibration LLC (“Elite”), a California based provider of calibration services. This transaction aligned with a key component of the Company’s acquisition strategy of targeting businesses that can leverage the Company’s already existing operating infrastructure.   All the goodwill related to the Elite acquisition has been allocated to the Service segment. Amortization of goodwill related to the Elite acquisition is deductible for tax purposes.   The total purchase price for the assets of Elite was approximately $ 0.9 million, of which $ 0.8 million was paid in cash. Pursuant to the asset purchase agreement, the Company held back $ 0.1 million of the purchase price for certain potential post-closing adjustments.  The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation, in the aggregate, to the fair value, based on Level 3 inputs, of Elite’s assets and liabilities acquired on February 2, 2023 ( in thousands):   Goodwill   $ 820   Plus: Accounts Receivable     62   Total Purchase Price   $ 882     From the date of acquisition through the end of fiscal year 2023, Elite has contributed revenue of $ 0.1 million. Since this operation was integrated immediately into our existing operations, its separate operating income in undeterminable.   64 Table of Contents   Complete Calibrations : Effective September 28, 2022, Transcat purchased all of the outstanding capital stock of Galium Limited (d/b/a Complete Calibrations) ("Complete Calibrations"), an Irish company.  This transaction aligned with a key component of the Company’s acquisition strategy of targeting businesses that expand the depth and breadth of the Company’s Service capabilities.    All the goodwill related to the Complete Calibrations acquisition has been allocated to the Service segment. Amortization of goodwill related to the Complete Calibrations acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.  The goodwill is primarily attributable to the workforce acquired, as well as operational synergies and other intangibles that do not qualify for separate recognition.   The total purchase price paid for Complete Calibrations was approximately $ 1.2 million in cash.  In connection with this transaction, the Company also entered into a Technology License Agreement with Calibration Robots Limited, an Irish company and related party to Complete Calibrations, for the use of their proprietary robotics in completing calibrations.  The Technology License Agreement includes transactional royalties in the amount of 3 Euros (approximately $ 3.23 ) per calibration performed by technology covered under this license agreement, with a royalty term of up to ten years commencing from the earlier of (i) the date on which cumulative revenue earned from technology covered under this license agreement equals 0.75 million Euros (approximately $ 0.81 million), and (ii) March 28, 2024.  In addition to the transactional royalties, as long as a key employee is employed by the Company, there is an annual royalty fee of 0.1 million Euros (approximately $ 0.11 million).  For purposes of this paragraph, we used a conversion rate of 1.0762 to convert Euro to U.S. dollar as of March 25, 2023 .   The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation, in the aggregate, to the fair value, based on Level 3 inputs, of Complete Calibrations’ assets and liabilities acquired on September 28, 2022 ( in thousands):   Goodwill   $ 1,123   Plus: Cash     10   Inventory     44   Total Purchase Price   $ 1,177     From the date of acquisition through the end of fiscal year 2023, Complete Calibrations has contributed revenue of $ 0.2 million and operating loss of less than $ 0.1 million.   e2b : Effective September 27, 2022, Transcat acquired substantially all of the assets of e2b Calibration ( “e2b” ), an Ohio based provider of calibration services.  This transaction aligned with a key component of the Company’s acquisition strategy of targeting businesses that expand the depth and breadth of the Company’s Service capabilities.    The e2b goodwill is primarily attributable to the workforce acquired, as well as operational synergies and other intangibles that do not qualify for separate recognition. All the goodwill and intangible assets relating to the e2b acquisition has been allocated to the Service segment. Intangible assets related to the e2b acquisition are being amortized for financial reporting purposes on an accelerated basis over the estimated useful life of up to fifteen years and are deductible for tax purposes. Amortization of goodwill related to the e2b acquisition is deductible for tax purposes.   The total purchase price paid for the assets of e2b was approximately $ 3.1  million in cash.  Pursuant to the asset purchase agreement, $ 0.9 million of the purchase price was placed in escrow for certain potential post-closing adjustments.  During the third quarter of fiscal year 2023, $ 0.6 million of the escrow was released to the sellers.  As of March 25, 2023, $ 0.3 million remains in escrow.     65 Table of Contents   The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation, in the aggregate, to the fair value, based on Level 3 inputs, of e2b’s assets and liabilities acquired on September 27, 2022 ( in thousands):   Goodwill   $ 1,367   Intangible Assets – Customer Base & Contracts     746   Intangible Assets – Covenant Not to Compete     396         2,509   Plus: Accounts Receivable     361   Other Current Assets     24   Property and Equipment     326   Less: Current Liabilities     ( 121 ) Total Purchase Price   $ 3,099     From the date of acquisition through the end of fiscal year 2023, e2b has contributed revenue of $ 1.8 million and operating income of $ 0.3  million, which includes the negative impact of amortization of the acquired intangible assets.   Alliance : Effective May 31, 2022, Transcat acquired substantially all of the assets of Charlton Jeffmont Inc., Raitz Inc. and Toolroom Calibration Inc. d/b/a Alliance Calibration (“Alliance”), an Ohio based provider of calibration services. This transaction aligned with a key component of the Company’s acquisition strategy of targeting businesses that expand the depth and breadth of the Company’s service capabilities.   The Alliance goodwill is primarily attributable to the workforce acquired, as well as operational synergies and other intangibles that do not qualify for separate recognition. All the goodwill and intangible assets relating to the Alliance acquisition has been allocated to the Service segment. Intangible assets related to the Alliance acquisition are being amortized for financial reporting purposes on an accelerated basis over the estimated useful life of up to fifteen years and are deductible for tax purposes. Amortization of goodwill related to the Alliance acquisition is deductible for tax purposes.   The purchase price for Alliance was approximately $ 4.7 million and was paid with $ 4.0 million in cash and the issuance of 2,284 shares of our common stock valued at $ 0.1 million. Pursuant to the asset purchase agreement, the Company held back $ 0.5 million of the purchase price for certain potential post-closing adjustments, and the purchase price will be subject to reduction by $ 0.5 million if a key customer relationship is not retained.   The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation, in the aggregate, to the fair value, based on Level 3 inputs, of Alliance’s assets and liabilities acquired on May 31, 2022 ( in thousands):   Goodwill   $ 1,783   Intangible Assets – Customer Base & Contracts     2,320   Intangible Assets – Covenant Not to Compete     114         4,217   Plus: Accounts Receivable     343   Property and Equipment     170   Less: Current Liabilities     ( 27 ) Total Purchase Price   $ 4,703     From the date of acquisition through the end of fiscal year 2023, Alliance has contributed revenue of $ 2.0 million and operating income of $ 0.3  million, which includes the negative impact of amortization of the acquired intangible assets.   66 Table of Contents   Tangent : Effective December 31, 2021, Transcat purchased all the outstanding membership units of Tangent Labs, LLC, a privately held company (“Tangent”). Tangent provides in-house and on-site calibrations of precision measurement and control instrumentation to customers in the life science, aerospace and other regulated industries, and has lab locations in Indianapolis, Indiana and Huntsville, Alabama. This transaction aligned with a key component of the Company’s strategy of acquiring local capabilities in attractive geographies.   The Tangent goodwill is primarily attributable to the workforce acquired, as well as operational synergies and other intangibles that do not qualify for separate recognition. All the goodwill and intangible assets relating to the Tangent acquisition has been allocated to the Service segment. Intangible assets related to the Tangent acquisition are being amortized for financial reporting purposes on an accelerated basis over the estimated useful life of up to fifteen years and are deductible for tax purposes. Amortization of goodwill related to the Tangent acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.   The purchase price for Tangent was approximately $ 8.9 million, all paid in cash, and is subject to certain customary holdback provisions and a portion of which was placed in escrow to secure the sellers’ obligations in the event that a key employee terminates employment with Tangent on or before the first anniversary of the closing of the transaction. $ 7.9 million was paid in cash and $ 1.0 million of the purchase price has been put into escrow for indemnification claims, if any.   During the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, the key employee terminated their employment with the Company.  As a result, the Company took $ 0.2 million out of the escrow account and it was recorded as a gain in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.  During the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, an amendment to the Membership Unit Purchase Agreement was entered into which allows the sellers to earn the remaining $ 0.3 million in the escrow account based on revenue and gross profit during the period of October 2022 to September 2023.  During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company determined that they would not hit the gross profit target and recorded a gain of $ 0.2 million in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income   During the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, a measurement period adjustment was recorded to recognize the fair value of Property and Equipment acquired, with a corresponding reduction to Goodwill. There was no remeasurement period adjustment in the second half of fiscal year 2023. The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation, in the aggregate, to the fair value, based on Level 3 inputs, of Tangent’s assets and liabilities acquired on December 31, 2021 ( in thousands):   Goodwill   $ 5,385   Intangible Assets – Customer Base & Contracts     4,150   Intangible Assets – Covenant Not to Compete     220         9,755   Plus: Cash     26   Accounts Receivable     187   Other Current Assets     16   Property and Equipment     203   Less: Current Liabilities     ( 68 ) Deferred Tax Liability     ( 1,195 ) Total Purchase Price   $ 8,924     During fiscal year  2023, Tangent contributed revenue of $ 2.4 million and operating income of $ 0.3 million, which includes the negative impact of amortization of the acquired intangible assets.   NEXA : Effective August 31, 2021, Transcat purchased all of the outstanding capital stock of Cal OpEx Limited (d/b/a Transcat Ireland), a private Irish company, which owns all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of its U.S.-based subsidiary, Cal OpEx Inc. (d/b/a NEXA EAM), a Delaware corporation (collectively, “NEXA”). NEXA provides calibration optimization and other technical solutions to improve asset and reliability management programs to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies worldwide. This transaction aligned with a key component of the Company’s acquisition strategy of targeting businesses that expand the depth and breadth of the Company’s Service capabilities.   The NEXA goodwill is primarily attributable to the workforce acquired, as well as operational synergies and other intangibles that do not qualify for separate recognition. All of the goodwill and intangible assets relating to the NEXA acquisition has been allocated to the Service segment. Intangible assets related to the NEXA acquisition are being amortized for financial reporting purposes on an accelerated basis over the estimated useful life of up to five years and are deductible for tax purposes. Amortization of goodwill related to the NEXA acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.   67 Table of Contents   The purchase price for NEXA was approximately $ 26.2 million and was paid with $ 23.9 million in cash and the issuance of 34,943 shares of our common stock valued at $ 2.4 million. Additionally, there are potential earn-out payments of up to $ 7.5 million over the four -year period following the closing of the transaction based upon NEXA achieving certain annual revenue and EBITDA goals. If achieved, the earn-out payments will also be made in shares of common stock unless certain criteria is met for cash payment. As of August 31, 2021 and March 26, 2022, the estimated fair value for the contingent earn-out payments, classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, was $ 0.2 million and included in the purchase price allocation below. This amount was calculated using a Geometric Brownian motion distribution that was then used in a Monte Carlo simulation model. Assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model included: 1 ) weighted-average cost of capital of 6.60 %, 2 ) risk-free interest rate of 0.58 %, 3 ) asset volatility of 20.00 %, and 4 ) forecasted revenue and EBITDA. This contingent consideration is remeasured quarterly. If, as a result of remeasurement, the value of the contingent consideration changes, any charges or income will be included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.    During the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company reduced the contingent consideration down to zero.  As a result of remeasurement, the change was included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.  There were no remeasurement adjustments during the second half of fiscal year 2023.   During the calendar year 2022  (the first measurement period), NEXA did not achieve the EBITDA goals in the agreement and no earn-out payments were made.  $ 0.1 million of the purchase price has been put into escrow for indemnification claims, if any.   The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation, in the aggregate, to the fair value, based on Level 3 inputs, of NEXA’s assets and liabilities acquired on August 31, 2021 ( in thousands):   Goodwill   $ 15,679   Intangible Assets – Customer Base & Contracts     5,600   Intangible Assets – Backlog     490   Intangible Assets – Covenant Not to Compete     600         22,369   Plus: Cash     3,732   Accounts Receivable     2,434   Non-Current Assets     38   Less: Current Liabilities     ( 572 ) Deferred Tax Liability     ( 1,769 ) Total Purchase Price   $ 26,232     During fiscal year 2023, NEXA contributed revenue of $ 13.2 million and operating income of less than $ 0.1  million, which includes the negative impact of amortization of the acquired intangible assets.   Upstate Metrology : Effective April 29, 2021, Transcat acquired substantially all of the assets of Upstate Metrology Inc. (“Upstate Metrology”), a New York based provider of calibration services. This transaction aligned with a key component of the Company’s acquisition strategy of targeting businesses that can leverage the Company’s already existing operating infrastructure.   All the goodwill related to the Upstate Metrology acquisition has been allocated to the Service segment. Amortization of goodwill related to the Upstate Metrology acquisition is deductible for tax purposes.   The total purchase price for the assets of Upstate Metrology was approximately $ 0.9 million. The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation, in the aggregate, to the fair value, based on Level 3 inputs, of Upstate Metrology’s assets and liabilities acquired on April 29, 2021 ( in thousands):   Goodwill   $ 483   Plus: Current Assets     189   Non-Current Assets     270   Less: Current Liabilities     ( 11 ) Total Purchase Price   $ 931     Since this operation was integrated immediately into our existing operations, its separate contributed revenue and operating income is undeterminable.   68 Table of Contents   BioTek: Effective December 16, 2020, Transcat acquired substantially all of the assets of BioTek Services, Inc. (“BioTek”), a Virginia based provider of pipette calibration services. This transaction aligned with a key component of the Company’s acquisition strategy of targeting businesses that expand the depth and breadth of the Company’s Service capabilities. BioTek’s focus on pipettes complements the current offerings Transcat provides to the life science sector.   All of the goodwill and intangible assets relating to the BioTek acquisition has been allocated to the Service segment. Intangible assets related to the BioTek acquisition are being amortized for financial reporting purposes on an accelerated basis over the estimated useful life of up to 10 years and are deductible for tax purposes. Amortization of goodwill related to the BioTek acquisition is deductible for tax purposes.   The total purchase price for the assets of BioTek was approximately $ 3.5 million. $ 0.4 million of the purchase price had been put into escrow for indemnification claims, if any. This escrow was released during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022. The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation, in the aggregate, to the fair value, based on Level 3 inputs, of BioTek’s assets and liabilities acquired during the period presented (in thousands):   Goodwill   $ 1,063   Intangible Assets – Customer Base & Contracts     1,930   Intangible Assets – Covenant Not to Compete     100         3,093   Plus: Current Assets     406   Non-Current Assets     8   Total Purchase Price   $ 3,507     The results of acquired businesses are included in Transcat’s consolidated operating results as of the dates the businesses were acquired. The following unaudited pro forma information presents the Company’s results of operations as if the acquisitions of Elite, Complete Calibration, e2b, Alliance, Tangent, NEXA, Upstate Metrology and BioTek had occurred at the beginning of fiscal year 2021. The pro forma results do not purport to represent what the Company’s results of operations actually would have been if the transactions had occurred at the beginning of the period presented or what the Company’s operating results will be in future periods.       (Unaudited)       Fiscal Year Ended       March 25,     March 26,     March 27,   (in thousands except per share information)   2023     2022     2021                             Total Revenue   $ 233,098     $ 217,000     $ 189,730   Net Income   $ 11,419     $ 12,052     $ 6,901   Basic Earnings Per Share   $ 1.51     $ 1.61     $ 0.93   Diluted Earnings Per Share   $ 1.49     $ 1.59     $ 0.91     Certain of the Company’s acquisition agreements include provisions for contingent consideration and other holdback amounts. The Company accrues for contingent consideration and holdback provisions based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition.  As of March 25, 2023, no contingent consideration and $ 0.6 million of other holdback amounts were unpaid and reflected in current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  As of March 26, 2022, $ 0.2 million of contingent consideration and $ 0.1 million of other holdback amounts were unpaid and reflected in current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, no contingent consideration or other holdback amounts were paid.   During fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, acquisition costs of $ 0.2 million, $ 0.9 million and less than $ 0.1 million were recorded as incurred as general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income.   69 Table of Contents   NOTE 10 SUBSEQUENT EVENT   Effective March 27, 2023, Transcat purchased all of the outstanding capital stock of TIC-MS, Inc. (“TIC-MS”), a Missouri based provider of calibration services. This transaction aligned with a key component of the Company’s acquisition strategy of targeting businesses that expand the depth and breadth of the Company’s Service capabilities. The total purchase price paid for TIC-MS was approximately $ 9.8 million, of which $ 2.9 million was paid in cash, including $ 0.5 million placed in escrow for certain post-closing adjustments and indemnification claims, if any, and the issuance of 77,387 shares of our common stock valued at approximately $ 6.8 million.  Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the purchase price will be subject to reduction by up to $ 0.5 million if a key customer relationship is not retained.   The purchase price allocation has not been finalized, due to the timing of the acquisition and the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10 -K. Therefore, the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including values to be recognized for goodwill and other intangible assets, will be disclosed in the Quarterly Report on Form 10 -Q for the fiscal quarter ending June 24, 2023. The pro forma results of operations from the TIC-MS acquisition will be disclosed in the Quarterly Report on Form 10 -Q for the fiscal quarter ending June 24, 2023. The goodwill related to TIC-MS is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. All of the goodwill and intangible assets relating to the TIC-MS acquisition will be allocated to the Service segment.     ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE   None.