Item 1. Business
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
SWK Holdings Corporation (the “Company,” “we,” or “us”) was incorporated in July 1996 in California and reincorporated in Delaware in September 1999. In July 2012, we commenced a strategy of building a specialty finance and asset management business. In August 2019, we commenced a complementary strategy of building a pharmaceutical development, manufacturing and intellectual property licensing business. Prior to September 30, 2025 our operations were comprised of two reportable segments: “Finance Receivables” and “Pharmaceutical Development.” As a result of the sale of substantially all assets of the Pharmaceutical Development segment, the Finance Receivables segment will be the only remaining operating segment in subsequent years. We evaluate and invest in a broad range of healthcare related companies and products with innovative intellectual property, including the biotechnology, medical device, medical diagnostics and related tools, animal health and pharmaceutical industries (collectively, “life sciences”). We allocate capital within our finance receivables portfolio in order to generate income through the sales of life science products by third parties and related earned income sources. The Company is headquartered in Dallas, Texas.
Finance Receivables Segment
Our Finance Receivables segment strategy is to be a leading healthcare capital provider by offering customized financing solutions to a broad range of life science companies, institutions and inventors. This segment is primarily focused on monetizing cash flow streams derived from commercial-stage products and related intellectual property through royalty purchases and financings, as well as through the creation of synthetic revenue interests in commercialized products. Our business partners are primarily engaged in selling products that directly or indirectly treat diseases and/or improve the wellness of people or animals, or they receive royalties paid on the sales of such products. For example, our biotechnology and pharmaceutical business partners commercialize medicines that treat disease states, whereas our life science tools partners sell a wide variety of research instrumentation to help other companies conduct clinical research. We have deployed our assets to earn interest, fees, and other income pursuant to this strategy, and we continue to identify and review financing and similar opportunities on an ongoing basis with financial solutions that are tailored to the individual needs of our business partners.
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We fill an underserved niche in the sub-$50.0 million transaction size market. Since many of our competitors that provide non-traditional debt and/or royalty financings typically have greater financial resources than us, they prioritize transaction sizes above $50.0 million. As such, we believe we face less competition in transactions that are less than $50.0 million.
As of March 7, 2026, and since inception of the strategy, we and our partners have executed transactions with 58 different parties under our specialty finance strategy, funding an aggregate of approximately $876.1 million in various financial products across the life science sector. Our portfolio includes senior and subordinated debt backed by royalties and synthetic royalties paid by companies in the life science sector, and purchased royalties generated by sales of life science products and related intellectual property.
The objective of our Finance Receivables segment is to maximize our portfolio total return in the context of a prudent level of risk, and thus, increase our net income and book value by generating income from three sources:
1. primarily owning or financing through debt investments, royalties or revenue interests generated by the sales of life science products and related intellectual property;
2. receiving interest and other income by advancing capital in the form of secured debt to companies in the life science sector; and
3. to a lesser extent, realizing capital appreciation from equity-related investments in the life sciences sector.
In our portfolio we seek to achieve attractive risk-adjusted current yields and opportunities with the potential for equity-like returns with typical credit protections.
The majority of our finance receivables transactions are structured similarly to factoring transactions whereby we provide capital in exchange for an interest in an existing revenue stream. We primarily provide capital to companies following the commercialization of a product, although in certain situations we consider pre-approval financings as well. The existing revenue stream can take several forms, but is most commonly either a royalty derived from the sales of a life science product marketed by a third party, such as a royalty paid to an inventor on the sales of a medicine, or from the commercialization by partner company, such as a medical device company that directly sells its own products. Our structured debt investments may include warrants or other features, giving us the potential to realize enhanced returns. Capital that we provide directly to our partners is generally used for growth and general working capital purposes, as well as for acquisitions or recapitalizations in select cases. We generally fund the full amount for transactions up to $25.0 million through our working capital.
In circumstances where a transaction is greater than $25.0 million, we typically seek to syndicate amounts in excess of $25.0 million to both other investors and our investment advisory clients. We do not expect to earn investment advisory income in transactions where we partner with investors other than our investment advisory clients.
Although we have partnered with investment advisory clients in the past, we currently do not have any transactions in which we have partnered with investment advisory clients. We may seek to raise discretionary capital from similar investors in the future.
We source our investment opportunities through a combination of our senior management’s relationships within the industry, outbound business development efforts and inbound inquiries from companies, institutions and inventors interested in learning about our capital financing alternatives. Our investment advisory clients generally do not originate investment opportunities for us.
Pharmaceutical Development Segment
In 2019, we commenced our Pharmaceutical Development segment with the acquisition of Enteris BioPharma, Inc. (“Enteris”). In March 2025 we changed the name of Enteris to MOD3 Pharma ("MOD3"). MOD3 is a clinical development and manufacturing organization providing development services to pharmaceutical partners. MOD3 seeks to generate income by providing customers pharmaceutical development, formulation and manufacturing services. During the third quarter of 2025, we sold substantially all of the assets of the Pharmaceutical Development segment, after which the Company’s operations became solely attributable to the Finance Receivables segment.
Competition
In our Finance Receivables segment, we face competition in the pursuit of outside investors, investment management clients and opportunities to deploy our capital in attractive healthcare related companies. Our primary competitors provide financing to prospective companies and include non-bank financial institutions, federal or state-chartered banks, venture debt funds, venture capital funds, private equity funds, pharmaceutical royalty and other investment funds, business development companies and investment banks. Many of these entities have greater financial and managerial resources than we have. Some of these competitors may also have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to us, which may create a competitive disadvantage for us. As a result, we tend not to compete on price, but instead focus on our industry experience, reputation, flexible financing options and speed to evaluate and complete a transaction. In addition, since many of our competitors that provide non-traditional debt and/or royalty financing have greater financial resources than us, they prioritize transaction sizes above $50.0 million. As such, we believe we face less competition in transactions that are less than $50.0 million.
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Prior to selling substantially all of the assets of our Pharmaceutical Development segment, we faced competition in providing clinical development and manufacturing services from large, multinational contract development and manufacturing organizations ("CDMO"), smaller specialized CDMO's, as well as the in-house capabilities of pharmaceutical and biotech companies.
For additional information concerning the competitive risks we face, see Item 1A., Risk Factors .
Governmental Regulation
We have invested and plan to continue investing in cash flow streams produced by life sciences products that are subject to extensive regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), similar foreign regulatory authorities, and to a lesser extent, other federal and state agencies. If any of these products and the companies which manage such products fails to comply with applicable regulations, they could be subject to significant penalties and claims that could materially and adversely affect their sales levels and operations, which, in turn, could impair our ability to timely collect principal and interest payments owed to us or decrease our royalty-related income. For additional information concerning the effect of existing or probable government regulation on our business, see Item 1A., Risk Factors .
Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2025, we had 9 employees, all of whom are full-time. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we consider our employee relations to be good.
Our human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and additional employees. The principal purposes of our equity incentive plans are to attract, retain and motivate selected employees, consultants and directors through the granting of stock-based compensation awards and cash-based performance bonus awards. We regularly evaluate our compensation programs and utilize industry benchmarking in an effort to ensure competitiveness compared to similar companies with which we compete for talent, as well as fair and equitable treatment across our workforce with respect to gender, race, and other personal characteristics.
We are an equal opportunity employer and we maintain policies that prohibit unlawful discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity/expression, national origin/ancestry, age, disability, marital and veteran status.
Additional Information
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act’’), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our SEC filings are available to the public from the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov.
Our internet site is http://www.swkhold.com. We will make available free of charge through our website in the “Investor Relations - SEC Filings” section our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed on behalf of directors and executive officers and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Also, posted on our website in the “Investor Relations - Corporate Governance” section are charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Governance and Nominating Committee as well as our Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy governing our directors, officers and employees. Information on or accessible through our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated into, this Annual Report.
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