Super League Enterprise, Inc. 10-K

slgg20241231_10k.htm Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number 001-38819 SUPER LEAGUE ENTERPRISE, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 47-1990734 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.) 2856 Colorado Ave. Santa Monica , California 90404 (Address of principal executive offices) Company: ( 213 ) 421-1920 ; Investor Relations: (203) 741-8811 (Issuer’s telephone number) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share SLE NASDAQ Capital Market Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Table of Contents Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non–Accelerated filer ☒ Small reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No The aggregate market value of the common stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2024, the last business day of the registrant's second fiscal quarter was approximately $ 5,695,000 . As of March 28, 2025, there were 17,776,170 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, issued and outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III incorporate by reference certain information from Super League Enterprise, Inc.’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or before April 30, 2025. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Item No. Page No. PART I 1. Business 2 1A. Risk Factors 8 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 37 1C. Cybersecurity 37 2. Properties 38 3. Legal Proceedings 38 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 38 PART II 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 39 6. [Reserved] 39 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 39 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 68 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 68 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 68 9A. Controls and Procedures 68 9B. Other Information 70 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections 70 PART III 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 71 11. Executive Compensation 71 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 71 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 71 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 71 PART IV 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 72 EXHIBIT INDEX 72 SIGNATURES F-50 References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K References to “ Super League Enterprise, Inc., ” “ Super League, ” “ Company, ” “ we, ” “ us, ” “ our, ” or similar references mean Super League Enterprise, Inc. References to “ the Board ” and “ our Board ” mean the Board of Directors of Super League Enterprise, Inc. References to the “ SEC ” refer to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. References to Fiscal Year 2024 mean the year ended December 31, 2024. References to Fiscal Year 2023 mean the year ended December 31, 2023. References to Fiscal Year 2021 mean the year ended December 31, 2021. All references to “ Note, ” followed by a number reference from one to twelve herein, refer to the applicable corresponding numbered footnotes to the consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere herein. Table of Contents SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”) contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections of this Report entitled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business,” but are also contained elsewhere in this Report. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “objective,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” or “would,” or the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology intended to identify statements about the future. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Report, we caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our expectations of the future, about which we cannot be certain. Forward-looking statements include statements about: ● overall strength and stability of general economic conditions and of the electronic video game industry in the United States and globally; ● changes in consumer demand for, and acceptance of, our services and the games that we license for our tournaments and other experiences, as well as online gaming in general; ● changes in the competitive environment, including adoption of technologies, services and products that compete with our own; ● our ability to generate consistent revenue; ● our ability to effectively execute our business plan; ● changes in the price of streaming services, licensing fees, and network infrastructure, hosting and maintenance; ● changes in laws or regulations governing our business and operations; ● our ability to maintain adequate liquidity and financing sources and an appropriate level of debt on terms favorable to us; ● our ability to effectively market our services; ● costs and risks associated with litigation; ● our ability to obtain and protect our existing intellectual property protections, including patents, trademarks and copyrights; ● our ability to obtain and enter into new licensing agreements with game publishers and owners; ● changes in accounting principles, or their application or interpretation, and our ability to make estimates and the assumptions underlying the estimates, which could have an effect on earnings; ● interest rates and the credit markets; and ● other risks described from time to time in periodic and current reports that we file with the SEC. This list of factors that may affect future performance and the accuracy of forward-looking statements is illustrative, but not exhaustive. New risk factors and uncertainties not described here or elsewhere in this Report, including in the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” may emerge from time to time. Moreover, because we operate in a competitive and rapidly changing environment, it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. The forward-looking statements are also subject to the risks and uncertainties specific to our Company, including but not limited to the fact that we have a limited operating history as a public company. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Report may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Table of Contents You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assume responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results. You should read this Report, any documents referenced herein, and those documents filed as exhibits to this Report with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. Use of Market and Industry Data This Report includes market and industry data that we have obtained from third party sources, including industry publications, as well as industry data prepared by our management on the basis of its knowledge of and experience in the industries in which we operate (including our management’s estimates and assumptions relating to such industries based on that knowledge). Management has developed its knowledge of such industries through its experience and participation in these industries. While our management believes the third-party sources referred to in this Report are reliable, neither we nor our management have independently verified any of the data from such sources referred to in this Report or ascertained the underlying economic assumptions relied upon by such sources. Furthermore, references in this Report to any publications, reports, surveys or articles prepared by third parties should not be construed as depicting the complete findings of the entire publication, report, survey or article. The information in any such publication, report, survey or article is not incorporated by reference in this Report. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in sections entitled “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Report. AVAILABLE INFORMATION Our Internet address is www.superleague.com. At our Investor Relations website, ir.superleague.com, we make available free of charge a variety of information for investors. PART I Item 1. Business Overview Super League Enterprise, Inc. (Nasdaq: SLE) (“Super League,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is redefining how brands connect with consumers through the power of playable media. Through solutions within mobile games and the world’s largest immersive gaming platforms, Super League provides global brands with ads, content, and experiences that are not only seen – they are played, felt, and remembered. Boasting an award-winning development studio, a vast network of native creators, and proprietary engagement technology, Super League is a one-of-a-kind partner for brands looking to stand out in culture, spark loyalty, and drive meaningful impact. In a world where attention is earned, Super League makes brands relevant - by making them playable. We generate revenue from (i) innovative advertising including immersive game world and experience publishing and in-game media products, (ii) direct to consumer offers, including in-game items, e-commerce, and virtual collectibles, and (iii) content and technology through the production and distribution of our own, advertiser and third-party interactive and video content. We operate in one reportable segment to reflect the way management and our chief operating decision maker review and assess the performance of the business. Our Strategy We believe that video gaming and virtual world platforms are where consumers will continue to spend material amounts of time, making it increasingly important for global brands and intellectual property owners to prioritize in-game and in-world marketing and advertising programs. In an attention economy dominated by the continued blending of physical-and-digital lives and smarter, more immersive screens, consumers are increasingly responsive to more customized and personalized advertising content that fits naturally with the activities they most enjoy. For brands, the next generation of consumer engagement will achieved be through targeted solutions that meet this consumer expectation. With strong roots in open gaming platforms where interactive worlds were first spawned, we believe our success is in the creation, growth, and monetization of playable digital advertising content and interactive experiences across mobile games and immersive platforms. Super League’s vision is to be the most comprehensive provider of products and creative, tech-driven solutions that deliver superior levels of consumer engagement and measurable business outcomes for brands within the playable media category. 2 Table of Contents Built on a powerful foundation of unmatched capabilities and software platforms that have driven consistent success for innovative brand experiences, creator growth and monetization, and significant consumer engagement, our scalable, vertically-integrated solution offers: ● Successful owned and third-party publishing worlds, experiences and destinations; ● Innovative product and marketing solutions for brands and developers; and ● Valued tools and analytics for brands and developers. Our Business As an early-mover creating engaging experiences inside of metaverse, or “open world,” game platforms since 2015, Super League has converted our deep understanding of young gamers into significant audience reach in virtual world gaming platforms. We believe we have successfully iterated our business model through these market insights, and our organic and inorganic growth to establish scale and ultimately drive our monetization strategies. Our strong and growing product-market fit currently reaches over 130 million monthly unique players in Roblox, Minecraft and Fortnite and generates over one billion monthly impressions. Our software supports the creation and operation of our owned and third-party metaverse gaming worlds and experiences, along with creator tools and analytics underpinned by a creator economy. These capabilities and tools enable Super League to build immersive experiences and custom worlds, as well as, extend audience reach with our innovative in-game ad and consumer products, allowing our content creator partners to participate in our advertising economy. Our analytics suite provides Super League, brands and advertisers, and game developers data that informs campaign measurement and insights, along with enhanced game design. Beyond our primary advertising revenue stream, we have the opportunity to extend further downstream in the metaverse gaming worlds we operate, and generate in-game direct to consumer revenues. In addition, our platform, and our capability to produce compelling gaming-centric video and livestream broadcasts drives viewership to our experiences and our brand partner’s digital channels for further amplification. Specifically, Super League’s digital experience and media products provide a wide range of solutions for brands and advertisers. From branded in-game experiences, through to custom content and media, Super League can provide end-to-end solutions for brands to acquire customers, deepen brand affinity and deliver digital to physical conversion to drive meaningful brand business performance. As Super League has scaled in both metaverse player and viewing audience reach, we have experienced growth in both the average revenue size of branded programs, along with a strong percentage of repeat buyers, while upholding our premium cost per impressions (“CPM”) rates, further validating a new premium social marketing channel for advertisers to reach elusive Generation Z and Alpha gamers. Additionally, our capability and proprietary technology is now being applied to new virtual world platforms beyond our core offering with the vision of being an enterprise solution for brands to have a persistent, omni-channel across immersive world platforms driving back to a brand’s web experience that speaks this new language of 3D engagement. A move to more persistent branded programs shifts the Company’s business model from being one of temporal, campaign-centric, engagements to streams that are more annual, recurring, and forecastable in nature, smoothing out some of the current traditional advertising model seasonality. Digital Properties and Offerings Our gaming content and media network is underpinned by our proprietary tech and applied to much of our owned and operated consumer properties as well. Our consumer facing digital properties include: Mineville: Through a relationship with Microsoft, the owner of Minecraft, we operate a Minecraft server world for more casual players enjoying the game on consoles and tablets. One of seven partner servers with Microsoft that, while “free to play,” monetize the players through in-game micro transactions, such as gameplay passes and durable goods which run through the Microsoft marketplace. Minehut: Attracting younger gamers and creators, Minehut is an “always on” social and gaming portal and one of the largest server farms for advanced, avid Minecraft players in the world. Within Minehut is a vibrant community in which players create their own Minecraft worlds to share, socialize and play with friends in addition to Super League operated communal game lobbies for enhanced gaming and social experiences that serve as a portal for branded experiences and advertising. On February 29, 2024, the Company sold substantially all of the assets related to its Minehut operations to GamerSafer, Inc., and has thereafter ceased all Minehut operations. The transaction allows Super League to streamline its position in partnering with major brands to build, market, and operate 3D experiences across multiple immersive platforms, including open gaming powerhouses like Minecraft, and aligns with our cost improvement initiatives. Super League and GamerSafer will maintain a commercial relationship which ensures that Minehut can remain an ongoing destination available to Super League’s partners. In-Game Digital Goods: While nascent in development, the company has the capability to develop 1 st party and 3 rd party branded digital consumer goods inside virtual world platforms currently being piloted in their owned and operated game worlds, as well as with a small set of brand partners. 3 Table of Contents Our brand partner and creator facing digital properties include: Super League Game Studio: One of the preeminent game creation resources in virtual world game platforms, our Super Games publishing capability provides bespoke game development and custom game experiences within our owned and affiliate game worlds and is a power source connecting our developer network to our brand partners. Super Biz: Our proprietary suite of metaverse media products and analytics connecting brands and advertisers to hundreds of Roblox games and our extensive Minecraft audiences. Through our technology, we partner with game developers to bring innovative ad inventory and custom brand experiences into game worlds, allowing developers to participate in our advertising economy and benefit from our analytics to continually enhance player experience. Super View: Super Studios is our fully virtual production studio providing state-of-the-art, scalable solutions for video, television, and branded content, powered by our patented Super View technology, offering a browser-based, fully remote control room solution. Whether for the creation and broadcast of premium content, or monitoring productions from remote locations, Super Studios and Super View are an innovative, affordable solution to deliver compelling content to meet advertiser objectives and generate additional sources of revenue. Monetization Innovative Brand & Media Integrations The highly sought-after Generation Z and Alpha audience is increasingly difficult for brands to reach due to the fragmentation of content distribution channels, ad-blocking technology and a sentiment against overt marketing and promotion. Our ability to uniquely aggregate a diverse, global user base across young age ranges, skill levels and game genres and embed direct, authentic branded product placement creates a base of high-quality, premium advertising inventory attractive to brands and advertisers. We stand for inclusive, fair and fun gameplay and entertainment and believe that our brand is at the forefront of the new, more social and creation-centric gaming experience, providing a positive access point for both endemic and non-endemic brands to reach these mainstream audiences. We have experienced significant organic and inorganic growth in our audience, further expanding our premium advertising inventory, increasing deal-sizes and strong repeat buying across the advertiser verticals of retail, entertainment, toys, fashion, consumer packaged goods, and automotive. We further developed our in-house direct sales capability to monetize our experiential and media inventory and continued to realize increases in sales force effectiveness, as demonstrated by larger total revenue wins for our direct sellers. Our various advertiser offerings include: ● Dedicated, on-platform experiential spaces; ● Custom integrations into existing, popular games; ● In-game media placement including digital billboards, 3-D ad products, portals and catalogue units; ● In-game branded digital goods; ● Display and video advertising; ● Social amplification through influencer partnerships; ● In-stream and in-video custom and banner ad products; ● Entertainment and competitive play broadcasts, on-demand clips and other custom content; ● Brand lift studies, performance reporting and advanced analytics; and ● Children’s Online Privacy and Protection Act (“COPPA”) compliant and kidSAFE-verified inventory. Direct to Consumer Direct to consumer revenues are comprised of revenues generated from the growing number of Minecraft and Roblox virtual gaming worlds we operate. As a component of our revenue diversification strategy, consumer monetization includes in-game items, e-commerce, game passes and ticketing, and digital collectibles. 4 Table of Contents Content & Technology As part of our strategy to provide an end-to-end solution for advertiser objectives, Super League’s creative services team, powered for broadcasting by Super View, augment our advertiser offer to take a greater share of campaign dollars. Additionally, we leverage our technology and capability to generate content production revenues with third-parties and support our ability to syndicate and monetize our sizable library of our own and player-generated entertainment content. Industry According to Statista (2024), there are over 3 billion gamers on the planet and more than 600 million monthly active users in metaverse (2025), open-world game platforms, namely Roblox, Minecraft and Fortnite. Generation Z spends 7.2 hours per week hanging out with friends in immersive spaces, two times more than in real life per the Newzoo Gen Z & Alpha report (2022), which is relevant to advertisers. Per Newzoo (2022), immersive content warrants a 252% higher engagement rate, and 33% of 13 to 39 year olds say their virtual life influences their real-world life interests. Not only has there been a massive audience shift, but it is also taking a disproportionate amount of this next generation consumer’s time with the Roblox users averaging 144 minutes per day of play vs. the next closest social media channel, Tik Tok, averaging 95 minutes per day of usage. Other notable trends that amplify these statistics: ● The rise of metaverse, open-world gaming as preferred social channels that go way beyond the traditional concept of gaming; ● The democratization of content creation, launching self-produced social content platforms and new creator economies; ● The further disaggregation of content and increasing underperformance of traditional digital advertising channels forcing advertisers to find new solutions; ● With smarter screens, an increasing consumer expectation for more personalized, customized and interactive web experiences; ● Cross-generational reach of gaming as a lifestyle trend placing it at the intersection of pop culture, cutting broadly across dimensions; ● Younger generations live a blended life where digital and physical personas are viewed as one, driving cross-over consumer preference, and ● Use of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) to accelerate the company’s development cycles and product road maps for faster-to-market, turnkey solutions that enable scale and margin growth. Our Scalable Technology Platform Our platform is focused on the creator and player journey and provides innovative ways for brands and advertisers to engage with audiences of gaming enthusiasts. We access players and creators through our vast network of digital game worlds and content channels and then drive them into branded digital experiences through our media products and creator tools. Our proprietary cloud-based platform serves three core functions (i) dynamic media technology (ii) metaverse game experience and tournament technology, and (iii) fully remote production and livestream broadcast technology. Furthermore, our platform enables digital tools for scale, including, but not limited to, data services, event creation and management, ecommerce, advertising technology, COPPA compliance, search engine optimization, and email and mobile marketing. Our dynamic media technology, both in the size of monetizable ad products and the creator tool suite, was materially expanded with the acquisitions of Bloxbiz Co. (doing business as, and hereinafter referred to as “Super Biz”) during Fiscal Year 2021. In addition to Super League’s original owned and operated consumer reach, including, but not limited to, Minehut (refer to “Sale of Minehut” below), and our Roblox partner game worlds, advertisers are able to reach tens of millions of monthly metaverse players in-game through our distributed game world network and hundreds of millions of viewers through our amplified programs with influencers distributed across social media channels including YouTube, TikTok and Instagram. This, coupled with custom brand integrations and content, powerful campaign analytics and insights and compliance, offers an immersive and high-performing marketing channel for brands and advertisers. Specifically, our turnkey metaverse ad products are a progressive and differentiated way for advertisers to embed natively into games through interactive 3-D characters, pop-up shops, and catalogues, to name a few, to access their target audience by enhancing the gaming experience without interrupting the play itself. These are high-performing media products offering a best-in-class benchmark for in-game advertising. For example, we ensure viewability with advanced technology that observes if ads are on screen, unobstructed, meet a screen coverage threshold, and other requirements set by Interactive Advertising Bureau (“IAB”) which translates into our premium CPM business model. 5 Table of Contents Additionally, a core differentiator for Super League is our deep insight and capability to deliver contagious custom Roblox game worlds and integrated experiences along with tailored off-platform entertainment content to drive exposure and on-platform engagement. Beyond our few thousand Roblox partner game worlds, we have deepened our internal capability to create custom Roblox worlds through the acquisition of Melon Studios in May 2023 and are extending this capability to new virtual world platforms such as Fortnite. Finally, from our earliest inception we utilized a local hardware solution to create interactive physical spaces for in-person gaming experiences. In doing so, we created a second-screen perspective that would make the experience more immersive for players and entertaining for spectators, much like professional sporting events, resulting in our Super Studios capability powered by Super View, our patented, fully-remote visualization, production and broadcast technology. Super View automates and scales various gameplay processes and functions that would otherwise need to be accomplished manually. These processes and functions primarily include ways to ensure that visualizations of gameplay and other value-added data and graphics are both captured and delivered efficiently and timely supported by computer vision to glean key events, graphics and data from the game screen. Since COVID-19, we have augmented our virtual control room with remote monitoring and communications and enhanced broadcast-level graphics, for an end-to-end, cloud-based production system built around Super View’s proprietary workflow, primarily used for branded broadcasting requests. Our Growth Strategy Our core strategy is to further monetize the audience reach we have built on existing metaverse, or “open-world” game platforms and continue applying that smart backbone to other virtual world engines for extended reach and diversification of revenues. We have several leverage points including: ● Deepen our owned metaverse game worlds to grow direct to consumer revenues. ● Grow our publishing, media and creator tool suite to expand audience and analytic insights; ● Increase average overall deal-size and total annual spend per advertiser as we become a standard part of their marketing strategies; ● Increase domestic sales force effectiveness resulting in higher salesperson throughput and net revenue; ● Move beyond our advertising model by applying our end-to-end immersive experience and media engine to new platforms for a persistent immersive marketing strategy for brands and IP owners, and; ● Explore strategies to further develop ownable IP to participate in direct to consumer, digital to physical conversion, and first-party data. Intellectual Property and Patents Similar to other interactive entertainment companies, our business depends on the creation, acquisition, licensing, use and protection of intellectual property. We have developed and own various intellectual properties, including pending and issued trademarks, patents, and copyrights. We also have obtained licenses to valuable intellectual property with game publishers. We leverage these licenses and service agreements to operate online and location-based competitions, and in parallel, use them to generate a wide array of content. As of the date of this Report, we have one pending patent application and five issued patents, and other trademark applications, most of which are granted and some of which are currently pending, covering our technologies and brands. We intend to file additional applications for the grant of patents and registration of our trademarks in the United States and foreign jurisdictions as our business expands. Our issued patents relate to methods of visualization of gameplay across a wide array of game titles for the purpose of content creation and broadcasting. These visualizations manifest as web streams with related textual, graphical, and video content targeted for consumption by audiences across various streaming and VOD platforms such as Twitch and YouTube. To achieve these visualizations, we leverage patent protected technology that places “camera” characters into certain games alongside the competing players, and use the perspective of the ‘camera’ character to provide unique views into the action. We also have pending patent applications for certain bleeding edge virtualization methods that allow us to generate, at scale, many concurrent visualizations from the cloud. To protect our intellectual property, we rely on a combination of patent applications, published and issued patents, copyrights, pending and issued trademarks, confidentiality provisions and procedures, other contractual provisions, trade secret laws, and restrictions on disclosure. We intend to vigorously protect our technology and proprietary rights; however, no assurances can be given that our efforts will be successful. Even if our efforts are successful, we may incur significant costs in defending our rights. From time to time, third parties may initiate litigation against us, alleging infringement of their proprietary rights or claiming they have not infringed our intellectual property rights. See the section entitled “Risk Factors” for additional information regarding the risks we face with respect to litigation related to intellectual property claims. Our Corporate Values and Company Culture Super League is a creator-first company, a credo embraced by every employee. We are committed to empowering our creators, energizing our players and entertaining fans through our vibrant and immersive gameplay experiences, innovative creator tools and viewing entertainment. Because we have successfully built our own metaverse gaming worlds and content network over the course of several years, we deeply understand the ecosystem of players and creators and what it takes to help brands and advertisers navigate this new digital social channel in an authentic and engaging way. Our corporate brand values are: ● We fearlessly pioneer. ● We excite creativity. ● We ignite connections. ● We live where we play. 6 Table of Contents Seasonality Our revenue fluctuates quarterly and is generally higher in the second half of our fiscal year, with the fourth quarter typically representing our highest revenue quarter each year. Advertising spending is traditionally seasonally strong in the second half of each year, reflecting the impact of seasonal back to school, game release and holiday season advertising spending by brands and advertisers. We believe that this seasonality in advertising spending affects our quarterly results, which generally reflect relatively higher advertising revenue in the second half of each year, compared to the first half of the year. Employees and Labor Relations As of December 31, 2024, we had 75 full-time and full-time equivalent employees. Additionally, we may enter into service agreements with independent contractors, on an as-needed basis, to perform certain services. As of December 31, 2024, three of our full-time employees were subject to fixed-term employment agreements with us, and all other employees served at-will pursuant to the terms set forth in their offer letters. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any labor disputes. None of our employees are represented by labor unions. Governmental Regulation Our online gaming platforms, which target individuals ranging from elementary school age children to adults, are subject to laws and regulations relating to privacy and child protection. Through our website, online platforms and in person gaming activities we may monitor and collect certain information about child users of these forums. A variety of laws and regulations have been adopted in recent years aimed at protecting children using the internet, such as COPPA. COPPA sets forth, among other things, a number of restrictions related to what information may be collected with respect to children under the age of 13, as well as the kinds of content that website operators may present to children under such age. On December 20, 2023, the FTC announced long-awaited proposed amendments to the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule (“COPPA Rule”). If adopted, the proposed amendments would be the first changes to the COPPA Rule in a decade. The amendments aim to modernize the COPPA framework and shift the burden for protecting children’s privacy and security from parents to service providers. The proposed changes include: ● Requiring separate opt-in for targeted advertising; ● Prohibiting conditioning a child’s participation on collection of personal information; ● Limiting the support for the internal operations exception, which allows operators to collect persistent identifiers without first obtaining verifiable parental consent as long as the operator does not collect any other personal information; ● Imposing restrictions on educational technology companies, including prohibiting these companies’ use of students’ data for commercial purposes; ● Increasing accountability for Safe Harbor programs, including by requiring each program to publicly disclose its membership list and report additional information to the Commission; ● Strengthening data security requirements; and ● Limiting data retention. There are also a variety of laws and regulations governing individual privacy and the protection and use of information collected from individuals, particularly in relation to an individual’s personally identifiable information (e.g., credit card numbers). We employ a kick-out procedure during user registration whereby anyone identifying themselves as being under the age of 13 during the process is not allowed to register for a player account on our website or participate in any of our online experiences or tournaments without linking their account to that of a parent or guardian. In addition, as a part of our experiences, we offer prizes and/or gifts as incentives to play. The federal Deceptive Mail Prevention and Enforcement Act and certain state prize, gift or sweepstakes statutes may apply to certain experiences we run from time to time, and other federal and state consumer protection laws applicable to online collection, use and dissemination of data, and the presentation of website or other electronic content, may require us to comply with certain standards for notice, choice, security and access. We believe that we are in compliance with any applicable law or regulation when we run these experiences. 7 Table of Contents Cost of Compliance with Environmental Laws We have not incurred any costs associated with compliance with environmental regulations, nor do we anticipate any future costs associated with environmental compliance; however, no assurances can be given that we will not incur such costs in the future. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS RISK FACTORS Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this Report, including our financial statements and the related notes thereto and “ Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, ” before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below could harm our business, financial condition, operating results, and growth prospects. In such an event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. Risk Factor Summary Our business operations are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those outside of our control, that could cause our business, financial condition or operating results to be harmed, including risks regarding the following: Risks Related to Our Business and Industry ● our significant past operating losses and any inability to maintain profitability or accurately predict fluctuations in the future; ● a rapidly developing and relatively new market; ● inability to sustain or manage our growth, or otherwise implement our business strategies; ● loss of advertising revenue; ● inability to maintain an effective revenue model; ● reduction in activity by material clients and/or vendors; ● ineffective marketing and/or advertising efforts; ● our ability to maintain and promote our company culture; ● competition in our industry; ● ability to attract, maintain, and retain licenses for popular games on our platforms; ● ability to enter into definitive license agreements with certain game publishers; ● ability to maintain and acquire new users and creators; ● our ability to maintain, enhance, and promote our brand; ● negative perceptions about our brand, platform, content, leagues, tournaments, and/or competitions; ● anticipating and adopting changes to new technologies, business strategies, and/or methods; 8 Table of Contents ● actual or perceived security breaches, as well as errors, vulnerabilities or defects in our software and/or products, and in software and/or products of third-party providers; ● reliance on server functionality; ● the interoperability of our products and services across third-party services and systems; ● security breaches and cyber threats; ● system failures, outages, and/or disruption due to certain events and interruptions by human-caused problems; ● our ability to hire, retain and motivate highly skilled personnel; and ● our reliance on assumptions and estimates to calculate certain key metrics. Regulatory and Legal ● complex and evolving U.S. and foreign laws and regulations; ● changes in tax laws or regulations regarding us or our customers; ● decreased levels of traffic due to intensified government regulation of the Internet industry; ● liability in the event of a violation of privacy regulations, data privacy laws, and/or child protection laws; ● lawsuits or liability arising as a result of the Company providing its products and/or services; and ● lawsuits or liability as a result of content published through our products and services. Intellectual Property and Technology ● current and future litigation related to intellectual property rights; ● our failure to protect our intellectual property rights; and ● piracy, unauthorized copying, and other forms of intellectual property infringement. Risks Relating to our Indebtedness ● We have incurred a significant amount of indebtedness, and may incur additional indebtedness in the future, which could impair our liquidity and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition; ● If we incur additional debt, it could further increase the risks associated with our leverage and exacerbate the risks described herein; ● restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness may limit our financial and operational flexibility, and our indebtedness is secured by a first-priority lien against substantially all of our assets; ● we may not generate sufficient cash to service our indebtedness; ● repayment of our indebtedness is dependent in part on cash flow generated by our subsidiaries; and 9 Table of Contents ● we may be unable to refinance our indebtedness, and if we do, such terms may not be favorable to us. Governance Risks and Risks Related to Our Common Stock ● Pursuant to notices received by Nasdaq, our common stock may be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market, and if our Common Stock is delisted, such event is likely to reduce the liquidity of our common stock and may inhibit or preclude our ability to raise additional financing; ● provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us; ● low trading volume of our common stock; ● the volatility of the trading price of our common stock; ● our policy of not paying cash dividends on our common stock; ● lessened disclosure requirements due to our status as an smaller reporting company; and ● ineffective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, and results of operations; and ● increased share-based compensation expense due to granted equity awards. Risks Related to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning ● Integration of artificial intelligence (“AI”) into our operations could adversely affect our business; ● issues in the use of AI or machine learning (“ML”) in our operations may result in reputational harm or liability; ● we currently do not incorporate AI or ML into our products, although some of our competitors do, which could adversely affect our business and profitability; and ● issues relating to the use of AI and/or ML may result in increased regulation and costs to comply with such regulations. 10 Table of Contents General Risk Factors ● actual or threatened epidemics, pandemics, outbreaks, or other public health crises; ● changes in the state of the U.S. economy and a return to volatile or recessionary conditions; and ● risks generally associated with the entertainment industry. Risks Related to Our Business and Industry We have incurred significant losses since our inception, and we may continue to experience losses in the future. The Company incurred net losses as disclosed in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented. Fiscal Years 2024 and 2023 included noncash stock compensation, amortization and impairment charges totaling $3.8 million and $17.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $270.0 million. We cannot predict if we will achieve profitability soon or at all. We expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on, among other things: ● investments to expand and enhance our technology platform and technology infrastructure, make improvements to the scalability, availability and security of our platform, and develop new offerings; ● sales and marketing, including expanding our customer acquisition and sales organization and marketing programs, and expanding our programs directed at increasing our brand awareness among current and new customers; ● investments in bandwidth to support our video streaming functionality; ● contract labor costs and other costs to host our leagues and tournaments; ● costs to retain and attract users and creators and license first tier game titles, grow our online user community and generally expand our business operations; ● hiring additional employees; ● expansion of our operations and infrastructure, both domestically and internationally; and ● general administration, including legal, accounting and other costs related to being a public company. We may not generate sufficient revenue to offset such costs to achieve or sustain profitability in the future. We expect to continue to invest heavily in our operations, our online experiences, and business development related to game platforms and publishers, advertisers, sponsors and user acquisition, to maintain as well as accelerate our market position, support anticipated future growth and to meet our expanded reporting and compliance obligations as a public company. We intend to continue implementing our business strategy with the expectation that there will be no material adverse developments in our business, liquidity or capital requirements. If one or more of these factors do not occur as expected, it could have a material adverse impact on our activities, including (i) reduction or delay of our business activities, (ii) forced sales of material assets, (iii) defaults on our obligations, or (iv) insolvency. Our planned investments may not result in increased revenue or growth of our business. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate revenue sufficient to offset our expected cost increases and planned investments in our business and platform. If we fail to achieve and sustain profitability, then we may not be able to achieve our business plan, fund our business or continue as a going concern. We are experiencing a severe cash shortage and without sufficient additional financing we may not be able to execute our business strategy and may be required to cease operations . As of December 31, 2024, our cash and cash equivalents amounted to $1.3 million. Our revenue for the three-month period ended December 31, 2024, was approximately $3.5 million, and we have been reliant upon proceeds from prior financings (in addition to the revenue from our operations) to fund our operations. If we do not continue to raise capital until we generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund our operations and cover our working capital deficit, we may be required to discontinue or further substantially modify our business. We cannot be certain that additional proceeds from any offering or other financings that we may undertake will be available to us when required, if at all. The failure to raise necessary funds will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. Our auditors have included an explanatory paragraph in their opinion regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, our securities will have little or no value. WithumSmith+Brown, PC, our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, has included an explanatory paragraph in their opinion that accompanies our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, indicating that our recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operations raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to obtain profitability or improve our liquidity position, we may not be able to continue as a going concern. We anticipate that we will continue to generate operating losses and use cash in operations through the foreseeable future. As further set forth below, we anticipate that we will need significant additional capital, or we may be required to curtail or cease operations. 11 Table of Contents In order to continue as a going concern, we will require significant additional capital, which we may be unable to obtain. Revenues generated from our operations are not presently sufficient to sustain our operations. Therefore, we will need to raise additional capital in the future to continue our operations. We anticipate that our principal sources of liquidity will not be sufficient to fund our activities to obtain long-term, sustainable profitability. In order to have sufficient cash to fund our operations to obtain long-term, sustainable profitability, we will need to raise additional equity or debt capital. There can be no assurance that additional funds will be available when needed from any source or, if available, will be available on terms that are acceptable to us. We will be required to pursue sources of additional capital through various means, including debt or equity financings. Future financings through equity investments will be dilutive to existing stockholders. The terms of securities we may issue in future capital transactions may be more favorable for new investors. Newly issued securities may include preferences, superior voting rights, the issuance of warrants or other derivative securities, and the issuances of incentive awards under equity employee incentive plans, all of which will have additional dilutive effects. Further, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital and/or financing, including investment banking fees, legal fees, accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses and other costs. We may also be required to recognize non-cash expenses in connection with certain securities we may issue, such as convertible notes and warrants, which may adversely impact our financial condition. Our ability to obtain needed financing may be impaired by such factors as the capital markets and our history of losses, which could impact the availability and cost of future financings. If the amount of capital we are able to raise from financing activities, together with our revenues and profits from operations, is not sufficient to satisfy our capital needs, even to the extent that we reduce our operations accordingly, we may be required to curtail or cease operations. Our business is highly competitive and subject to rapid changes. We face significant competition to attract and retain our users, developers, and creators that we anticipate will continue to intensify. Should we fail to attract and retain users, developers, and creators, our business and results of operations may suffer. We compete for both users, developers, and creators. We compete to attract and retain our users’ attention on the basis of our content and user experiences. We compete for users and their engagement hours with global technology leaders such as Amazon, Apple, Meta Platforms, Google, Microsoft, and Tencent, global entertainment companies such as Comcast, Disney, and ViacomCBS, online content platforms including Netflix, Spotify, and YouTube, as well as social platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and Snap. We rely on developers to create the content that leads to and maintains user engagement (including maintaining the quality of experiences). We compete to attract and retain developers by providing developers the tools to easily build, publish, operate, and monetize content. We compete for developers and engineering talent with gaming and metaverse platforms such as Epic Games, Unity, Meta Platforms, and Valve Corporation, which also give developers the ability to create or distribute interactive content. We do not have any agreements with our developers that require them to continue to use our platform for any time period. In the future, if we are unable to continue to provide value to these developers and they have alternative methods to publish and commercialize their offerings, they may not continue to provide content to our platform. Should we fail to provide compelling advantages to continued use of our ecosystem to developers, they may elect to develop content on competing interactive entertainment platforms. If a significant number of our developers no longer provide content, we may experience an overall reduction in the quality of our experiences, which could adversely affect users’ interest in our platform and lead to a loss of revenue opportunities and harm our results of operations. Many of our existing competitors have, and some of our potential competitors could have, substantial competitive advantages, such as: ● larger sales and marketing budgets and resources; ● broader and more established relationships with users, developers, and creators; ● greater resources to make acquisitions and enter into strategic partnerships; ● lower labor and research and development costs; ● larger and more mature intellectual property portfolios; and ● substantially greater financial, technical, and other resources. We expect competition to continue to increase in the future. Conditions in our market could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements, the emergence of new entrants into the market, partnering or acquisitions by our competitors, continuing market consolidation, or changing developer, creator and user preferences, which can be difficult to predict or prepare for. 12 Table of Contents Our competitors vary in size, and some may have substantially broader and more diverse offerings or may be able to adopt more lucrative payment policies or structures for developers. Failure to adequately identify and adapt to these competitive pricing pressures could negatively impact our business. We may not be able to sustain our growth, effectively manage our anticipated future growth or implement our business strategies. We have a limited operating history as a leading creator and publisher of content experiences and media solutions across the world’s largest immersive platforms and have experienced growth during certain of the periods presented herein due, in large part, to the acquisitions we completed during Fiscal Year 2023 and Fiscal Year 2021. However, recent growth rates may not be indicative of our future performance due to our limited operating history and the rapid evolution of our business model. We may not be able to achieve similar results or accelerate growth at the same rate as we have organically or following the completion of our recent acquisitions and we may not achieve our expected results, all of which may have a material and adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our rapid growth and expansion have placed, and continue to place, significant strain on our management and resources. This level of significant growth may not be sustainable or achievable at all in the future. We believe that our future growth will depend on many factors, including our ability to develop new sources of revenues, diversify monetization methods including our direct to consumer offerings, attract and retain competitive gamers and creators, increase engagement, continue developing innovative technologies, and experiences in response to shifting demand in open world gaming, increase brand awareness, and expand into new markets. We cannot assure you that we will achieve any of the above, and our failure to do so may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. We are subject to risks associated with operating in a rapidly developing industry and a relatively new market. Many elements of our business are unique, evolving and relatively unproven. Our business and prospects depend on the continuing development of a leading position as a creator and publisher of content experiences and media solutions across the world’s largest immersive platforms. The market for gaming-related content has grown significantly in recent years and continues to rapidly develop, which may present significant challenges. Our business relies upon our ability to cultivate and grow a robust community of developers and creators and audience members, and our ability to successfully monetize such community through advertising and direct to consumer opportunities. In addition, our continued growth depends, in part, on our ability to respond to rapid technological evolution, continued shifts in gamer trends and demands, frequent introductions of new games and titles and the constant emergence of new industry standards and practices. Developing and integrating into new games, titles, content, products, services or infrastructure could be expensive and time-consuming, and these efforts may not yield the benefits we expect to achieve at all. We cannot assure you that we will succeed in any of these aspects or that the industry within which we operate will continue to grow as rapidly as it has in the past. We generate a significant portion of our revenues from advertising and sponsorships. If we fail to attract more advertisers and sponsors to our platform, or if advertisers or sponsors are less willing to advertise with or sponsor us, our revenues may be adversely affected. We generate a significant portion of our revenues from advertising on existing digital platforms and within our owned and operated platforms, which we expect to further develop and expand in the near future as online viewership across platforms continues to expand. Our revenues from advertising and sponsorship partly depend on the continual development of the online advertising industry and advertisers’ willingness to allocate budgets to online advertising in the gaming and content streaming industry. In addition, companies that decide to advertise or promote online may utilize more established methods or channels, such as more established internet portals or search engines, over advertising on our platform. If the online advertising and sponsorship market does not continue to grow, or if we are unable to capture and retain a sufficient share of that market, our ability to increase our current level of advertising and sponsorship revenue and our profitability and prospects may be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, our core and long-term priority of optimizing the user experience and satisfaction may limit our platform’s ability to generate revenues from advertising and sponsorship. For example, in order to provide our users and creators with an uninterrupted experience, we do not place significant amounts of advertising on our streaming interface or insert pop-up advertisements during streaming. While this decision could adversely affect our operating results in the short-term, we believe it enables us to provide a superior gamer experience on our platform, which will help us expand and maintain our current base of users and creators and enhance our monetization potential in the long-term. However, this philosophy of putting our users and creators first may also negatively impact our relationships with advertisers, sponsors or other third parties, and may not result in the long-term benefits that we expect, in which case the success of our business and operating results could be harmed. 13 Table of Contents Our revenue model may not remain effective and we cannot guarantee that our future monetization strategies will be successfully implemented or generate sustainable revenues and profit. The Company generates revenue from (i) innovative advertising including immersive game world and experience publishing and in-game media products, (ii) content and technology through the production and distribution of our own, advertiser and third-party content, and (iii) direct to consumer offers, including in-game items, e-commerce, game passes and digital collectibles. We have generated, and expect to continue to generate, a substantial portion of revenues using this revenue model in the near term. Although our business has experienced significant growth in recent years, there is no guarantee that our direct to consumer packages will gain significant traction to maximize our growth rate in the future, as the demand for our offerings may change, decrease substantially or dissipate, or we may fail to anticipate and serve user demands effectively. The loss of or a substantial reduction in activity by one or more of our largest customers and/or vendors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For Fiscal Years 2024 and 2023, two customers accounted for 20% and one customer accounted for 14% of revenue, respectively. At December 31, 2024, three customers accounted for 45% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2023, three customers accounted for 55% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2024, two vendors accounted for 21% of accounts payable. At December 31, 2023, two vendors accounted for 37% of accounts payable. The loss of or a substantial reduction in activity by one or more of our largest customers and/or vendors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our marketing and advertising efforts may fail to resonate with gamers and creators. Our service offerings are or may be marketed through a diverse spectrum of advertising and promotional programs such as online and mobile advertising, marketing through websites, event sponsorship and direct communications with our user community including via email, blogs and other electronic means. An increasing portion of our marketing activity is taking place on social media platforms that are either outside, or not totally within, our direct control. Changes to user preferences, marketing regulations, privacy and data protection laws, technology changes or service disruptions may negatively impact our ability to reach target users and creators. Our ability to market our service offerings is dependent in part upon the success of these programs. If the marketing for our service offerings fails to resonate and expand with both the gamer and metaverse community, or if advertising rates or other media placement costs increase, our business and operating results could be harmed. We have a unique community culture that is vital to our success. Our operations may be materially and adversely affected if we fail to maintain this community culture as we expand in our addressable user communities. We have cultivated an interactive and vibrant online social user community centered around online gaming and content creation. We ensure a superior user experience by continuously improving the user interface and features of our platform along with offering a multitude of user experiences with first tier service offerings. We believe that maintaining and promoting a vibrant community culture is critical to retaining and expanding our user community. We have taken multiple initiatives to preserve our community culture and values. Despite our efforts, we may be unable to maintain our community culture and cease to be the preferred platform for our target users and creators as we expand our footprint, which would be detrimental to our business operations. The online gaming industry is very “ hit ” driven. We may not have access to “ hit ” games or titles. Select game titles and platforms dominate competitive online gaming and open world gaming, and many new games titles and platforms are regularly introduced in each major industry segment (console, mobile and PC free-to-download). Despite the number of new entrants, only a very few “hit” titles or platforms account for a significant portion of total revenue in each segment. The size and engagement level of our users are critical to our success and are closely linked to the quality and popularity of the game publishers with which we have licenses and the platforms on which we operate. Game publishers on our platform, including those who have entered into license agreements with us, may leave us for other gaming platforms which may offer better competition, and terms and conditions than we do. Furthermore, we may lose our licenses with certain game publishers if we fail to generate the number of gamers and creators expected by such publishers. In addition, if popular game publishers cease to license their games to us, or our activities fail to attract gamers and creators, we may experience a decline in gamer traffic, direct to consumer opportunities and engagement, which may have a material and adverse impact on our results of operations and financial conditions. Platforms on which we operate may modify or restrict our access to their platforms. If we fail to license “hit” games or any of our existing licensed game publishers with which we currently have a license decide to breach the license agreement or choose not to continue with us once the term of the license agreement expires, or if platforms on which we operate modify or restrict our access, the popularity of our experiences and content generated across platforms may decline and the number of our users and creators may decrease, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. 14 Table of Contents We have not entered into definitive license agreements with certain game publishers or platforms that we currently have relationships with, and we may never do so. We currently do not have definitive license agreements in place with game publishers and platforms for the use of certain of the game titled played on our platform, as these publishers currently permit us to integrate the specifications of the game title with our technology. We may not ever enter into license agreements with these parties in the future, instead continuing our relationship with these game publishers without a license agreement. These game publishers may unilaterally choose to discontinue their relationship with the Company, thereby preventing us from offering experiences on our platform using their game titles, as the case may be. Should those game publishers or platforms choose not to allow us to offer experiences involving their respective game titles to our users, the popularity of our experiences and competitions may decline and the number of our users and creators may decrease, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. If we fail to keep our existing users and creators highly engaged, and/or acquire new users and creators, our business, profitability and prospects may be adversely affected. Our success depends on our ability to maintain and grow the number of users and creators using our platform, and keeping our users and creators highly engaged. In order to attract, retain and engage users and creators and remain competitive, we must continue to develop and expand our product offerings, including internationally, implement new technologies and strategies, improve features of our platform and stimulate interactions in our user community. A decline in the number of our users and creators in our ecosystem may adversely affect the engagement level of our users and creators, the vibrancy of our user community, or the popularity of our platform, which may in turn reduce our monetization opportunities, and have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure you that our platform will remain sufficiently popular with users and creators to offset the costs incurred to operate and expand it. It is vital to our operations that we remain sensitive and responsive to evolving user preferences and offer first-tier content that attracts our users and creators. We must also keep providing users and creators with new features and functions to enable superior content viewing, and social interaction. Further, we will need to continue to develop and improve our platform and to enhance our brand awareness, which may require us to incur substantial costs and expenses. If such increased costs and expenses do not effectively translate into an improved user experience and direct to consumer-based, long-term engagement, our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. The ability to grow our business is dependent in part on the success and availability of mass media channels developed by third parties, as well as our ability to develop commercially successful content. The success of our business is driven in part by the commercial success and adequate supply of third-party mass media channels for which we may distribute our content, including Twitch, YouTube and ESL.tv. Our success also depends on our ability to accurately predict which channels and platforms will be successful with the online gaming community, our ability to develop commercially successful content and distribute such content, and our ability to effectively manage the transition of our users and creators from one generation or demographic to the next. Additionally, we may enter into certain exclusive licensing arrangements that affect our ability to deliver or market our live and on-demand content on certain channels and platforms. A channel or platform may not succeed as expected or new channels or platforms may take market share and users and creators away from platforms for which we have devoted significant resources. If demand for the channels or platforms for which we are developing is lower than our expectations, we may be unable to fully recover the investments we have made, and our financial performance may be harmed. Alternatively, a channel or platform for which we have not devoted significant resources could be more successful than we initially anticipated, causing us to not be able to take advantage of meaningful revenue opportunities. If we fail to maintain and enhance our brand/or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business, results of operations and prospects may be materially and adversely affected. We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand is of significant importance to the success of our business. A well-recognized brand is important to increasing the number of users and creators and the level of engagement of our overall user community which is critical in enhancing our attractiveness to advertisers and sponsors. Since we operate in a highly competitive market, brand maintenance and enhancement directly affect our ability to maintain and enhance our market position. Although we have developed our brand through word of mouth referrals, and key strategic partners, as we expand, we may conduct various marketing and brand promotion activities using various methods to continue promoting our brand. We cannot assure you, however, that these activities will be successful or that we will be able to achieve the brand promotion effect we expect. 15 Table of Contents In addition, any negative publicity in relation to our service offerings, or operations, regardless of its veracity, could harm our brands and reputation. Negative publicity or public complaints from users and creators may harm our reputation, and if complaints against us are not addressed to their satisfaction, our reputation and our market position could be significantly harmed, which may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects. Negative perceptions about our brand, or platforms, and/or business practices may damage our business and increase the costs incurred in addressing user concerns. Expectations regarding the quality, performance and integrity of our service offerings are high. Users and creators may be critical of our brand, platform, content, service offerings, and/or business practices for a wide variety of reasons. These negative user reactions may not be foreseeable or within our control to manage effectively, including user reactions to content via social media or other outlets, components and services, or objections to certain of our business practices. Negative user sentiment about our business practices also can lead to investigations from regulatory agencies and consumer groups, as well as litigation, which, regardless of their outcome, may be costly, damaging to our reputation and harm our business. Technology changes rapidly in our business and if we fail to anticipate or successfully implement new technologies or adopt new business strategies, technologies or methods, the quality, timeliness and competitiveness of our offered services may suffer. Rapid technology changes require us to anticipate, sometimes years in advance, which technologies we must develop, implement and take advantage of in order to be and remain competitive in both the content-creation and delivery market, social media markets, and the metaverse gaming market. We have invested, and in the future may invest, in new business strategies including within metaverse gaming, a direct to consumer model, technologies, products, or games or first-tier game titles to continue to persistently engage the user and deliver the best user experience. For example, if we are unable to react quickly to new technology trends—for example the continued growth of generative Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) solutions which disrupts the ways developers create experiences or may disrupt the way users consume virtual goods—it may harm our business and results of operation. Further, social and ethical issues relating to the use of new and evolving technologies such as AI in our offerings, may result in reputational harm and liability, and may cause us to incur additional research and development costs to resolve such issues. AI presents emerging ethical issues and if we enable or offer solutions that draw controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on society, we may experience brand/or reputational harm, competitive harm, or legal liability. Failure to address AI ethics issues by us or others in our industry could undermine public confidence in AI. Such endeavors may involve significant risks and uncertainties, and no assurance can be given that the technology we choose to adopt and the features that we pursue will be successful. If we do not successfully implement these new technologies, our reputation may be materially adversely affected and our financial condition and operating results may be impacted. We also may miss opportunities to adopt technology, or develop technologies, products, or services that become popular with users and creators, which could adversely affect our financial results. It may take significant time and resources to shift our focus to such technologies, putting us at a competitive disadvantage. Our development process usually starts with particular user experiences in mind, and a range of technical development and feature goals that we hope to be able to achieve. We may not be able to achieve these goals, or our competitors may be able to achieve them more quickly and effectively than we can based on having greater operating capital and personnel resources. If we cannot achieve our technology goals within the original development schedule, then we may delay their release until these goals can be achieved, which may delay or reduce revenue and increase our development expenses. Alternatively, we may be required to significantly increase the resources employed in research and development in an attempt to accelerate our development of new technologies, either to preserve our launch schedule or to keep up with our competitors, which would increase our development expenses. Our new services and changes to existing services could fail to attract or retain users or generate revenue and profits. Our ability to retain, increase, and engage our user base and to increase our revenue depends heavily on our ability to continue to evolve our existing services and to develop successful new services, both independently and in conjunction with developers or other third parties. We may introduce significant changes to our existing services or acquire or introduce new and unproven services, including using technologies with which we have little or no prior development or operating experience. For example, we do not have significant experience with virtual or augmented reality technology, which may adversely affect our ability to successfully develop and market our offerings within these technologies. We continue to incur substantial costs, and we may not be successful in generating profits, in connection with these efforts. In addition, the introduction of new services, or changes to existing services, may result in new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, litigation, or other complications that could adversely affect our business and financial results. We have also invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant resources in growing our service offerings to support increasing usage of such products. If our new or enhanced services fail to engage users, marketers, or developers, or if our business plans are unsuccessful, we may fail to attract or retain users or to generate sufficient revenue, operating margin, or other value to justify our investments, and our business may be adversely affected. 16 Table of Contents We may not be successful in our metaverse gaming strategy and investments, which could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results. We believe the metaverse, an embodied internet where people have immersive experiences beyond two-dimensional screens, is the next evolution in social technology. Our business strategy focuses on offerings within metaverse gaming. We expect this will be a complex, evolving, and long-term initiative that will involve the development of new and emerging technologies, continued investment in privacy, safety, and security efforts, and collaboration with other companies, developers, partners, and other participants. However, the metaverse may not develop in accordance with our expectations, and market acceptance of features, products, or services we build for the metaverse is uncertain. In addition, we have limited experience with virtual and augmented reality technology, which may enable other companies to compete more effectively than us. We may be unsuccessful in our research and product development efforts, including if we are unable to develop relationships with key participants in metaverse gaming or develop products that operate effectively with metaverse gaming technologies, products, systems, networks, or standards. Our metaverse gaming efforts may also divert resources and management attention from other areas of our business. In addition, as our metaverse gaming efforts evolve, we may be subject to a variety of existing or new laws and regulations in the United States and international jurisdictions, including in the areas of privacy and e-commerce, which may delay or impede the development of our products and services, increase our operating costs, require significant management time and attention, or otherwise harm our business. As a result of these or other factors, our metaverse gaming strategy and investments may not be successful in the foreseeable future, or at all, which could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results. We focus our business on our developers, creators, and users, and acting in their interests in the long-term may conflict with the short-term expectations of analysts and investors. A significant part of our business strategy and culture is to focus on long-term growth and developer, creator, and user experience over short-term financial results. We expect our expenses to continue to increase in the future as we broaden our developer, creator, and user community, as developers, creators, and users increase the amount and types of content they make available on our platform and the content they consume, as we continue to seek ways to increase payments to our developers, and as we develop and further enhance our platform, expand our technical infrastructure, and hire additional employees to support our expanding operations. As a result, in the near- and medium-term, we may continue to operate at a loss, or our near- and medium-term profitability may be lower than it would be if our strategy were to maximize near- and medium-term profitability. We expect to continue making significant expenditures to grow our platform and develop new features, integrations, capabilities, and enhancements to our platform for the benefit of our developers, creators, and users. Such expenditures may not result in improved business results or profitability over the long-term. If we are ultimately unable to achieve or improve profitability at the level or during the time frame anticipated by securities or industry analysts, investors and our stockholders, the trading price of our common stock may decline. We may experience security breaches and cyber threats. We continually face cyber risks and threats that seek to damage, disrupt or gain access to our networks and our platform, supporting infrastructure, intellectual property and other assets. In addition, we rely on technological infrastructure, including third party cloud hosting and broadband, provided by third party business partners to support the in person and online functionality of our platform. These business partners are also subject to cyber risks and threats. Such cyber risks and threats may be difficult to detect. Both our partners and we have implemented certain systems and processes to guard against cyber risks and to help protect our data and systems. However, the techniques that may be used to obtain unauthorized access or disable, degrade, exploit or sabotage our networks and platform change frequently and often are not detected. Our systems and processes, and the systems and processes of our third-party business partners, may not be adequate. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches or cyber risks, or respond adequately to a security breach or cyber risk, could result in interruptions to our platform, degrade the user experience, cause users and creators to lose confidence in our gaming platform and cease utilizing it, as well as significant legal and financial exposure. This could harm our business and reputation, disrupt our relationships with partners and diminish our competitive position. Successful exploitation of our networks and platform can have other negative effects upon the user experience we offer. In particular, the virtual economies that exist in certain of our licensed game publishers’ games and developers’ outside platforms, such as Roblox, are subject to abuse, exploitation and other forms of fraudulent activity that can negatively impact our business. Virtual economies involve the use of virtual currency and/or virtual assets that can be used or redeemed by a user within a particular online game or service. Our business could be adversely affected if our data privacy and security practices are not adequate, or perceived as being inadequate, to prevent data breaches, or by the application of data privacy and security laws generally. In the course of our business, we may collect, process, store and use gamer and other information, including personally identifiable information, passwords and credit card information, the latter of which is subject to PCI-DSS compliance. Although we take measures to protect this information from unauthorized access, acquisition, disclosure and misuse, our security controls, policies and practices may not be able to prevent the improper or unauthorized access, acquisition or disclosure of such information. The unauthorized access, acquisition or disclosure of this information, or a perception that we do not adequately secure this information could result in legal liability, costly remedial measures, governmental and regulatory investigations, harm our profitability and reputation and cause our financial results to be materially affected. In addition, third party vendors and business partners receive access to information that we collect. These vendors and business partners may not prevent data security breaches with respect to the information we provide them or fully enforce our policies, contractual obligations and disclosures regarding the collection, use, storage, transfer and retention of personal data. A data security breach of one of our vendors or business partners could cause reputational harm to them and/or negatively impact our ability to maintain the credibility of our user community. 17 Table of Contents Data privacy, data protection, localization, security and consumer-protection laws are evolving, and the interpretation and application of these laws in the United States, Europe (including compliance with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPA”), and elsewhere often are uncertain, contradictory and changing. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted or applied in a manner that is averse to us or otherwise inconsistent with our practices, which could result in litigation, regulatory investigations and potential legal liability or require us to change our practices in a manner adverse to our business. As a result, our reputation and brand may be harmed, we could incur substantial costs, and we could lose both users and creators and revenue. We depend on servers to operate our service offerings with online features and our proprietary online platform. If we were to lose server functionality for any reason, our business may be negatively impacted. Our business relies on the continuous operation of servers, some of which are owned and operated by third parties. Although we strive to maintain more than sufficient server capacity, and provide for active redundancy in the event of limited hardware failure, any broad-based catastrophic server malfunction, a significant service-disrupting attack or intrusion by hackers that circumvents security measures, a failure of disaster recovery service or the failure of a company on which we are relying for server capacity to provide that capacity for whatever reason could degrade or interrupt the functionality of our platform, and could prevent the operation of our platform for both in-person and online user experiences. We also rely on networks operated by third parties to support content on our platform, including networks owned and operated by game publishers. An extended interruption to any of these services could adversely affect the use of our platform, which would have a negative impact on our business. Further, insufficient server capacity could also negatively impact our business. Conversely, if we overestimate the amount of server capacity required by our business, we may incur additional operating costs. Our advertising revenue is dependent on targeting and measurement tools that incorporate data signals from user activity on websites and services that we do not control, and changes to the regulatory environment, third-party mobile operating systems and browsers, and our own products have impacted, and we expect will continue to impact, the availability of such signals, which will adversely affect our advertising revenue. We rely on data signals from user activity on websites and services that we do not control in order to deliver relevant and effective ads to our users. Our advertising revenue is dependent on targeting and measurement tools that incorporate these signals, and any changes in our ability to use such signals will adversely affect our business. For example, legislative and regulatory developments, such as the GDPR, and the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), have impacted, and we expect will continue to impact, our ability to use such signals in our ad products. In particular, we may see an increasing number of users opt to control certain types of ad targeting, which may increase further with expanded control over certain third-party data as part of our compliance with these laws and regulations, and we may have to introduce product changes that limit data signal use for certain users in California following adoption of the CCPA. Regulatory guidance or decisions or new legislation in these or other jurisdictions may require us to make additional changes to our products in the future that further reduce our ability to use these signals. In addition, mobile operating system and browser providers, such as Apple and Google, have implemented product changes and/or announced future plans to limit the ability of websites and application developers to collect and use these signals to target and measure advertising. These developments may limit our ability to target and measure the effectiveness of ads across platforms and may negatively impact our advertising revenue. If we are unable to mitigate these developments as they take further effect in the future, our targeting and measurement capabilities may be materially and adversely affected, which would in turn significantly impact our future revenue growth. Our online platform and services offered through our platform may contain defects. Our online platform and the services offered through our platform are extremely complex and are difficult to develop and distribute. We have quality controls in place to detect defects in our platform before they are released. Nonetheless, these quality controls are subject to human error, overriding, and reasonable resource or technical constraints. Further, we have not undertaken independent third-party testing, verification or analysis of our platform and associated systems and controls. Therefore, our platform and quality controls and preventative measures we have implemented may not be effective in detecting all defects in our platform. In the event a significant defect in our platform and associated systems and controls is realized, we could be required to offer refunds, suspend the availability of our service offerings, or expend significant resources to cure the defect, each of which could significantly harm our business and operating results. 18 Table of Contents We may experience system failures, outages and/or disruptions of the functionality of our platform. Such failures, delays and other problems could harm our reputation and business, cause us to lose customers and expose us to customer liability. We may experience system failures, outages and/or disruptions of our infrastructure, including information technology system failures, network disruptions, and cloud hosting and broadband disruptions. Our operations could be interrupted or degraded by any damage to or failure of: ● our computer software or hardware, or our customers’ or suppliers’ computer software or hardware; ● our network, our customers’ networks or our suppliers’ networks; or ● our connections and outsourced service arrangements with third parties. Our systems and operations are also vulnerable to damage or interruption from: ● power loss, transmission cable cuts and other telecommunications and utility failures; ● hurricanes, fires, earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters; ● a terrorist attack in the U.S. or in another country in which we operate; ● interruption of service arising from facility migrations, resulting from changes in business operations including acquisitions and planned data center migrations; ● computer viruses or software defects; ● loss or misuse of proprietary information or customer data that compromises security, confidentiality or integrity; or ● errors by our employees or third-party service providers. From time to time in the ordinary course of our business, our network nodes and other systems experience temporary outages. As a means of ensuring continuity in the services we provide to our community and partners, we have invested in system redundancies via partnerships with industry leading cloud service providers, proactive alarm monitoring and other back-up infrastructure, though we cannot assure you that we will be able to re-route our services over our back-up facilities and provide continuous service to customers in all circumstances without material degradation. Because many of our services play a critical role for our community and partners, any damage to or failure of the infrastructure we rely on could disrupt or degrade the operation of our network, our platform and the provision of our services and result in the loss of current and potential community members and/or partners and harm our ability to conduct normal business operations. We use third-party services and technologies in connection with our business, and any disruption to the provision of these services and technologies to us could result in negative publicity and a slowdown in the growth of our users, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our business partially depends on services provided by, and relationships with, various third parties, including cloud hosting and broadband providers, among others. To this end, when our cloud hosting and broadband vendors experience outages, our services will be negatively impacted and alternative resources will not be immediately available. In addition, certain third-party software we use in our operations is currently publicly available free of charge. If the owner of any such software decides to charge users or no longer makes the software publicly available, we may need to incur significant costs to obtain licensing, find replacement software or develop it on our own. If we are unable to obtain licensing, find or develop replacement software at a reasonable cost, or at all, our business and operations may be adversely affected. We exercise no control over the third-party vendors that we rely upon for cloud hosting, broadband and software service. If such third parties increase their prices, fail to provide their services effectively, terminate their service or agreements or discontinue their relationships with us, we could suffer service interruptions, reduced revenues or increased costs, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 19 Table of Contents If we are unable to successfully grow our user base, compete effectively with other platforms, and further monetize our platform, our business will suffer. We have made, and are continuing to make, investments to enable our developers to design and build compelling content and deliver it to our users on our platform. Existing and prospective developers may not be successful in creating content that leads to and maintains user engagement (including maintaining the quality of experiences) or they may fail to expand the types of experiences that our developers can build for users, and other global entertainment companies, online content platforms, and social platforms may entice our users and potential users away from, or to spend less time with, our platform, each of which could adversely affect users’ interest in our platform and lead to a loss of revenue opportunities and harm our results of operations. Additionally, we may not succeed in further monetizing our platform and user base. As a result, our user growth, user engagement, financial performance and ability to grow revenue could be significantly harmed if: ● we fail to increase or maintain KPIs; ● our user growth outpaces our ability to monetize our users, including if our user growth occurs in markets that are not profitable; ● we fail to establish a base of our developers, creators, and users; ● we fail to provide the tools and education to our developers and creators to enable them to monetize their experiences; ● we fail to increase or maintain the amount of time spent on our platform, the number of experiences that our users share and explore with friends, or the usage of our technology for our developers; ● we do not develop and establish the social features of our platform, allowing it to more broadly serve the entertainment, education, and business markets; ● we fail to increase penetration and engagement across target age demographics; ● developers do not create engaging or new experiences for users; ● users reduce their subscriptions for our services within our platform; or ● the experiences on our platform do not maintain or gain popularity. If we are able to continue to grow, we will need to manage our growth effectively, which could require expanding our internal IT systems, technological operations infrastructure, financial infrastructure, and operating and administrative systems and controls. In addition, we have expended in the past and may in the future expend significant resources to launch new features and changes on our platform that we are unable to monetize, which may significantly harm our business. Any future growth would add complexity to our organization and require effective coordination across our organization, and an inability to do so would adversely affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations. We may provide access to offerings within our platform that are subscription-based. While we intend for these efforts to generate increased recurring revenues from our existing user base, they may cause users to decrease their overall spend on our platform. Our ability to attract and retain users of paid subscription services will depend in part on our ability to consistently provide subscribers with a quality experience. If our users do not perceive these offerings to be of value, or if we introduce new or adjust existing features or pricing in a manner that is not favorably received by them, we may not be able to attract and retain subscribers or be able to convince users to become subscribers of such additional service offerings, and we may not be able to increase the amount of recurring revenue from our user base. Subscribers may cancel their subscription to our service for many reasons, including a perception that they do not use the service sufficiently, the need to reduce household expenses, competitive services that provide a better value or experience or as a result of changes in pricing. If our efforts to attract and retain subscribers are not successful, our business, operating results, and financial condition may be adversely impacted. 20 Table of Contents We have seen the growth rate of our users fluctuate and expect it to continue to change over time. If we fail to retain users or add new users, or if our users decrease their level of engagement with our platform, revenue, bookings, and operating results will be harmed. We believe we have successfully iterated our business model through market insights, and our organic and inorganic growth to establish scale and ultimately drive our monetization strategies. Our strong and growing product-market fit currently reaches over 100 million monthly unique players in Roblox, Minecraft and Fortnite and generates over one billion monthly impressions. We view our key performance Indicators (“KPIs”) as a critical measure of our user engagement, and adding, maintaining, and engaging users has been and will continue to be necessary to our continued growth. Our KPI growth rate has fluctuated in the past and may slow in the future due to various factors. As COVID-19 related shelter-in-place orders lifted and children returned to school, we saw growth rates moderate in certain markets. Other factors including: the introduction of new experiences on our platform, higher market penetration rates, and competition from a variety of entertainment sources for our users and their time could also cause our growth rates to fluctuate. For example, while our KPIs have grown on a quarterly basis for the last several years, there have been months where they have not or have grown at a slower pace, often due to seasonal or other factors. Seasonal factors may have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and we expect that seasonality could again cause user activity to decrease, including below historical levels as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic moderate. In addition, our strategy seeks to expand the age groups and geographic markets that make up our users, and if and when we achieve maximum market penetration rates among any particular user cohort overall and in particular geographic markets, future growth in KPIs will need to come from other age or geographic cohorts in other markets, which may be difficult, costly or time consuming for us to achieve. Accessibility to the internet and bandwidth or connectivity limitations as well as regulatory requirements, may also affect our ability to further expand our user base in a variety of geographies. If our KPI growth rate slows or becomes stagnant, or we have a decline in KPIs, or we fail to effectively monetize users in certain geographic markets, our financial performance will increasingly depend on our ability to elevate user activity or increase the monetization of our users. Our business plan assumes that the demand for interactive entertainment offerings, specifically, the adoption of a metaverse with users interacting together by playing, communicating, connecting, making friends, learning, or simply hanging out, all in 3D environments, will increase for the foreseeable future. However, if this market shrinks or grows more slowly than anticipated, if the metaverse does not gain widespread adoption as a forum for experiences, social interaction and creative expression for our users, or if demand for our platform does not grow as quickly as we anticipate, whether as a result of competition, product obsolescence, budgetary constraints of our developers, creators, and users, technological changes, unfavorable economic conditions, uncertain geopolitical or regulatory environments or other factors, we may not be able to increase our revenue and bookings sufficiently to ever achieve profitability and our stock price would decline. The multitude of other entertainment options, online gaming, and other interactive experiences is high, making it difficult to retain users who are dissatisfied with our platform and seek other entertainment options. Moreover, a large number of our users are within a demographic which may be less brand loyal and more likely to follow trends, including viral trends, than other demographics. These and other factors may lead users to switch to another entertainment option rapidly, which can interfere with our ability to forecast usage or KPIs and would negatively affect our user retention, growth, and engagement. We also may not be able to penetrate other demographics in a meaningful manner to compensate for the loss of KPIs in this age group. Falling user retention, growth, or engagement rates could seriously harm our business. Our user metrics and other estimates are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in those metrics may significantly harm and negatively affect our reputation and our business. We regularly review metrics and KPIs, including monthly unique players and monthly impressions to evaluate growth trends, measure our performance, and make strategic decisions. These metrics are calculated using internal data gathered on an analytics platform that we developed and operate and have not been validated by an independent third party. Our metrics and estimates may also differ from estimates published by third parties or from similarly titled metrics of our competitors due to differences in methodology or the assumptions on which we rely. If our estimates are inaccurate, then investors will have less confidence in our company and our prospects, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline, our reputation and brand could be harmed. While these metrics are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates of our user base for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring how our service offerings are used and as a result, the metrics may overstate the number of monthly unique players and monthly impressions. For example, there may be users who have multiple accounts, fake user accounts, or fraudulent accounts created by bots to inflate user activity for a particular developer or creator, thus making the developer or creator’s experience or other content appear more popular than it really is. We strive to detect and minimize fraud and unauthorized access to our service offerings, and these practices are prohibited in our terms of service and we implement measures to detect and suppress that behavior. Some of our demographic data may be incomplete or inaccurate. For example, because users self-report their dates of birth, our age demographic data may differ from our users’ actual ages. If our users provide us with incorrect or incomplete information regarding their age or other attributes, then our estimates may prove inaccurate. Errors or inaccuracies in our metrics or data could also result in incorrect business decisions and inefficiencies. For instance, if a significant understatement or overstatement of active users were to occur, we may expend resources to implement unnecessary business measures or fail to take required actions to attract a sufficient number of users to satisfy our growth strategies. If our developers do not perceive our user, geographic, or other demographic metrics to be accurate representations of our user base, or if we discover material inaccuracies in our user, geographic, or other demographic metrics, our reputation may be seriously harmed. Our developers, creators and partners may also be less willing to allocate their budgets or resources to our service offerings, which could seriously harm our business. 21 Table of Contents Growth and engagement of our user community depends upon effective interoperability with mobile operating systems, networks, mobile devices and standards that we do not control. We make our services available across a variety of mobile operating systems and devices. We are dependent on the interoperability of our services with popular mobile devices and mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as Android and iOS. Any changes in such mobile operating systems or devices that degrade the functionality of our services or give preferential treatment to competitive services could adversely affect usage of our services. In order to deliver high quality services, it is important that our services work well across a range of mobile operating systems, networks, mobile devices and standards that we do not control. We may not be successful in developing relationships with key participants in the mobile industry or in developing services that operate effectively with these operating systems, networks, devices and standards. In the event that it is difficult for our users to access and use our services, particularly on their mobile devices, our user growth and user engagement could be harmed, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our executive officers, key employees and qualified personnel, and our business operations may be severely disrupted if we lose their services. Our future success depends substantially on the continued efforts of our executive officers and key employees. If one or more of our executive officers or key employees were unable or unwilling to continue their services with us, we might not be able to replace them easily, in a timely manner, or at all. Since our industry is characterized by high demand and intense competition for talents, we cannot assure you that we will be able to attract or retain qualified staff or other highly skilled employees. In addition, as the Company is relatively young, our ability to train and integrate new employees into our operations may not meet the growing demands of our business which may materially and adversely affect our ability to grow our business and hence our results of operations. If any of our executive officers and key employees terminates their services with us, our business may be severely disrupted, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected and we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel. If any of our executive officers or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose users and creators, know-how and key professionals and staff members. Certain of our executive officers and key employees have entered into a non-solicitation and non-competition agreements with us. However, certain provisions under the non-solicitation and non-competition agreement may be deemed legally invalid or unenforceable. If any dispute arises between our executive officers and us, we cannot assure you that we would be able to enforce these non-compete agreements. Our business is affected by seasonal demands, and our financial condition and results of operations will fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which makes our financial results difficult to predict and may not fully reflect our underlying performance. Historically, our business has been highly seasonal, with the highest percentage of our revenues occurring in the second half of the fiscal year, with the fourth quarter typically representing our highest revenue quarter each year, when advertising spending is typically strongest due to the holiday seasons, and we expect this trend to continue. We may also experience fluctuations due to factors that may be outside of our control that affect user, developer, or creator engagement with our Platform. Accordingly, our quarterly results of operations have fluctuated in the past and will fluctuate in the future, both based on the seasonality of our business as well as external factors impacting the global economy, our industry and our company, including, but not limited to our ability to maintain and grow our customer base, customer engagement, developer base and developer engagement; the level of demand for our service offerings; the ability of our developers to monetize their experiences; increased competition; our pricing model; the maturation of our business; our ability to introduce new revenue streams; legislative or regulatory changes; macroeconomic conditions, such as high inflation, recessionary or uncertain environments, and fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates; our ability to maintain operating margins, cash used in operating activities, and free cash flow; system failures or actual or perceived breaches or other incidents relating to privacy or cybersecurity; adverse litigation judgments, settlements, or other litigation and dispute-related costs; adverse media coverage or unfavorable publicity; the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting; changes in our effective tax rate; and changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations, or principles. As a result, you should not rely on our past quarterly results of operations as indicators of future performance. You should take into account the risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in rapidly evolving market segments. We plan to continue to make acquisitions and pursue other strategic transactions, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute our stockholders, impact our financial condition or results of operations, significantly harm our business, and adversely affect the price of our common stock. As part of our business strategy, we have made and intend to continue to make acquisitions to add specialized employees and complementary companies, products, or technologies, and from time to time may enter into other strategic transactions such as investments and joint ventures. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions or other strategic transactions on favorable terms, or at all, including as a result of regulatory challenges. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur significant expenses related to identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. In some cases, the costs of such acquisitions or other strategic transactions may be substantial, and there is no assurance that we will realize expected synergies from future growth and potential monetization opportunities for our acquisitions or a favorable return on investment for our strategic investments. Furthermore, our acquisition strategy may not succeed if we are unable to remain attractive to target companies or expeditiously close transactions. If we develop a reputation for being a difficult acquirer or having an unfavorable work environment, or if target companies view our common stock unfavorably, we may be unable to consummate key acquisition transactions essential to our corporate strategy and our business may be significantly harmed. 22 Table of Contents We may pay substantial amounts of cash or incur debt to pay for acquisitions or other strategic transactions, which has occurred in the past and could adversely affect our liquidity. The incurrence of indebtedness would also result in increased fixed obligations and increased interest expense, and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. We may also issue equity securities to pay for acquisitions and may grant stock options or other equity awards to retain the employees of acquired companies, which could increase our expenses, adversely affect our financial results, and result in dilution to our stockholders. In addition, any acquisitions or other strategic transactions we announce could be viewed negatively by users, marketers, developers, or investors, which may adversely affect our business or the price of our common stock. We may also discover liabilities, deficiencies, or other claims associated with the companies or assets we acquire that were not identified in advance, which may result in significant unanticipated costs. The effectiveness of our due diligence review and our ability to evaluate the results of such due diligence are dependent upon the accuracy and completeness of statements and disclosures made or actions taken by the companies we acquire or their representatives, as well as the limited amount of time in which acquisitions are executed. In addition, we may not successfully evaluate or use the acquired products, technology, and personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition or other strategic transaction, including tax and accounting charges which could be recognized as a current period expense. Furthermore, it generally takes several months after the closing of an acquisition to finalize the purchase price allocation. Therefore, it is possible that our valuation of an acquisition may change and result in unanticipated write-offs or charges, impairment of our goodwill, or a material change to the fair value of the assets and liabilities associated with a particular acquisition, any of which would affect our consolidated balance sheet and could significantly harm our business. Acquisitions or other strategic transactions may also result in our recording of significant additional expenses to our results of operations and recording of substantial finite-lived intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet upon closing. Any of these factors may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. 23 Table of Contents We may not be able to successfully integrate our acquisitions and we may incur significant costs to integrate and support the companies we acquire. The integration of companies or assets we acquire requires significant time and resources, particularly with respect to companies that have significant operations or that develop products where we do not have prior experience, and we may not manage these processes successfully. We continue to make substantial investments of resources to support our acquisitions, which has in the past resulted, and we expect will in the future result, in significant ongoing operating expense and the diversion of resources and management attention from other areas of our business. We cannot assure you that these investments will be successful. If we fail to successfully integrate the companies we acquire, we may not realize the benefits expected from the transaction and our business may be harmed. We may encounter significant difficulties integrating acquired businesses. The integration of any businesses is a complex, costly and time-consuming process. As a result, we have devoted, and will continue to devote, significant management attention and resources to integrating acquired businesses. The failure to meet the challenges involved in integrating businesses and to realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition could cause an interruption of, or a loss of momentum in, the activities of our combined business and could adversely affect our results of operations. The difficulties of combining acquired businesses with our own include, among others: ● the diversion of management attention to integration matters; ● difficulties in integrating functional roles, processes and systems, including accounting systems; ● challenges in conforming standards, controls, procedures and accounting and other policies, business cultures and compensation structures between the two companies; ● difficulties in assimilating, attracting and retaining key personnel; ● challenges in keeping existing clients and obtaining new clients; ● difficulties in achieving anticipated cost savings, synergies, business opportunities and growth prospects from an acquisition; ● difficulties in managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex business; ● contingent liabilities, including contingent tax liabilities or litigation, that may be larger than expected; and ● potential unknown liabilities, adverse consequences or unforeseen increased expenses associated with an acquisition, including possible adverse tax consequences to the combined business pursuant to changes in applicable tax laws or regulations. Many of these factors are outside of our control, and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreased expected revenues and diversion of management time and energy, all of which could adversely impact our business and results of operations. These difficulties have been enhanced further as a result of our office closures and work-from home policies, which may hinder the assimilation of key personnel. If we are not able to successfully integrate an acquisition, if we incur significantly greater costs to achieve the expected synergies than we anticipate or if activities related to the expected synergies have unintended consequences, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. The preparation of our financial statements involves the use of good faith estimates, judgments and assumptions, and our financial statements may be materially affected if such good faith estimates, judgments or good faith assumptions prove to be inaccurate . Financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) typically require the use of good faith estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts. Often, different estimates, judgments and assumptions could reasonably be used that would have a material effect on such consolidated financial statements, and changes in these estimates, judgments and assumptions may occur from period to period over time. Significant areas of accounting requiring the application of management’s judgment include, but are not limited to, determining the fair value of assets, share-based compensation and the timing and amount of cash flows from assets. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are inherently uncertain and, if our estimates were to prove to be wrong, we would face the risk that charges to income or other financial statement changes or adjustments would be required. Any such charges or changes would require a restatement of our consolidated financial statements and could harm our business, including our financial condition and results of operations and the price of our securities. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for a discussion of the accounting estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are the most critical to an understanding of our consolidated financial statements and our business. 24 Table of Contents We are currently dependent on certain game publishers and online game platforms for a substantial portion of our revenue. In the event such publishers or online platforms change their terms and conditions impacting our ability to deploy advertising campaigns on their platforms, or otherwise engage in direct-to-consumer offers, our business, growth prospects and financial condition could be adversely affected. We currently generate a substantial portion of our revenue from in-game platform advertising and direct to consumer offers, including digital subscriptions, in-game digital goods, and gameplay access fees, on various metaverse gaming platforms. Additional revenue is generated through our owned and operated properties, along with properties we operate on behalf of others. In the event such game publishers or online game platforms change their current terms and conditions in a manner that limits our ability to deploy advertising campaigns or otherwise engage in direct-to-consumer offers through our partner’s metaverse gaming platforms, or our owned and operated properties, our business, growth prospects and financial condition could be adversely affected. Regulatory and Legal Risk Factors Our business is subject to regulation, and changes in applicable regulations may negatively impact our business. We are subject to a number of foreign and domestic laws and regulations that affect companies conducting business on the Internet. In addition, laws and regulations relating to user privacy, data collection, retention, electronic commerce, virtual items and currency, consumer protection, content, advertising, localization, and information security have been adopted or are being considered for adoption by many jurisdictions and countries throughout the world. These laws could harm our business by limiting the products and services we can offer consumers or the manner in which we offer them. The costs of compliance with these laws may increase in the future as a result of changes in interpretation. Furthermore, any failure on our part to comply with these laws or the application of these laws in an unanticipated manner may harm our business and result in penalties or significant legal liability. In addition, we include modes in our platform that allow players to compete against each other. Although we structure and operate these skill-based competitions with applicable laws in mind, our skill-based competitions in the future could become subject to evolving rules and regulations and expose us to significant liability, penalties and reputational harm. Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us or our customers may have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or results of operations. New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time, which could affect the tax treatment of our earnings and adversely affect our operations, and our business and financial performance. Further, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us. For example, on December 22, 2017, tax legislation was signed into law that contained many significant changes to the U.S. tax laws. The new legislation reduced the corporate income tax rate from 34% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, resulting in our deferred income tax assets and liabilities, including NOLs, to be measured using the new rate as reflected in the valuation of these assets as of December 31, 2017. As a result, the value of our deferred tax assets decreased by approximately $4.3 million, and the related valuation allowance has been reduced by the same amount. Our analysis and interpretation of this legislation is ongoing. Given the full valuation allowance provided for net deferred tax assets for the periods presented herein, the change in tax law did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements provided herein. There may, however, be additional tax impacts identified in subsequent fiscal periods in accordance with subsequent interpretive guidance issued by the SEC or the Internal Revenue Service. Further, there may be other material adverse effects resulting from the legislation that we have not yet identified. No estimated tax provision has been recorded in the consolidated financial statements included herein for tax attributes that are incomplete or subject to change. The foregoing items could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, it is unclear how these U.S. federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities. The impact of this tax legislation on holders of our common stock is also uncertain and could be adverse. We urge our stockholders and investors to consult with our legal and tax advisors with respect to this legislation and the potential tax consequences of investing in or holding our common stock. Our online activities are subject to various laws and regulations relating to privacy and child protection, which, if violated, could subject us to an increased risk of litigation and regulatory actions. In addition to our platform, we use third-party applications, websites, and social media platforms to promote our service offerings and engage users, as well as monitor and collect certain information about users in our online forums. A variety of laws and regulations have been adopted in recent years aimed at protecting children using the internet such as the Children’s Online Privacy and Protection Act of 1998 (“COPPA”). COPPA sets forth, among other things, a number of restrictions on what website operators can present to children under the age of 13 and what information can be collected from them. COPPA is of particular concern to us, and in an effort to minimize our risk of potential exposure, we retained a COPPA expert as a consultant and have posted a compliant privacy policy, terms of use and various other policies on our website. We undertake significant effort to implement certain precautions to ensure that access to our platform is COPPA compliant. Despite our efforts, no assurances can be given that such measures will be sufficient to completely avoid exposure and COPPA violations, any of which could expose us to significant liability, penalties, reputational harm and loss of revenue, among other things. 25 Table of Contents The laws and regulations concerning data privacy are continually evolving. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could harm our business. Consumers are able to access our service offerings online through our platform. We collect and store information about our consumers both personally identifying and non-personally identifying information. Numerous federal, state and international laws address privacy, data protection and the collection, storing, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of personally identifiable information and other user data. Numerous states already have, and are looking to expand, data protection legislation requiring companies like ours to consider solutions to meet differing needs and expectations of creators and attendees. Outside the United States, personally identifiable information and other user data is increasingly subject to legislation and regulations in numerous jurisdictions around the world, the intent of which is to protect the privacy of information that is collected, processed and transmitted in or from the governing jurisdiction. Foreign data protection, privacy, information security, user protection and other laws and regulations are often more restrictive than those in the United States. In particular, the European Union and its member states traditionally have taken broader views as to types of data that are subject to privacy and data protection laws and regulations and have imposed greater legal obligations on companies in this regard. For example, in April 2016, European legislative bodies adopted the GDPR, which became effective on May 25, 2018. The GDPR applies to any company established in the European Union as well as to those outside of the European Union if they collect and use personal data in connection with the offering of goods or services to individuals in the European Union or the monitoring of their behavior. The GDPR enhances data protection obligations for processors and controllers of personal data, including, for example, expanded disclosures about how personal information is to be used, limitations on retention of information, mandatory data breach notification requirements and onerous new obligations on service providers. Non-compliance with the GDPR may result in monetary penalties of up to €20 million or 4% of annual worldwide revenue, whichever is higher. In addition, some countries are considering or have passed legislation implementing data protection requirements or requiring local storage and processing of data or similar requirements that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services. The GDPR and other changes in laws or regulations associated with the enhanced protection of certain types of personal data could greatly increase our cost of providing our products and services or even prevent us from offering certain services in jurisdictions in which we operate. The European Commission is also currently negotiating a new ePrivacy Regulation that would address various matters, including provisions specifically aimed at the use of cookies to identify an individual’s online behavior, and any such ePrivacy Regulation may provide for new compliance obligations and significant penalties. Any of these changes to European Union data protection law or its interpretation could disrupt and/or harm our business. On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the European Union, commonly referred to as “Brexit.” This decision created an uncertain political and economic environment, especially in regard to regulation of data protection, in the U.K. and other European Union countries, and the formal process for leaving the European Union has taken years to complete. The U.K. formally left the European Union on January 31, 2020 and began a transition period which expired on December 31, 2020. In particular, while the U.K. has implemented legislation that implements and complements the GDPR, with penalties of noncompliance of up to the greater of £17.5 million or four percent of worldwide revenues, it is unclear how data transfers to and from the United Kingdom will be regulated. The interpretation and application of many privacy and data protection laws are, and will likely remain, uncertain, and it is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing data management practices or product features. Although player interaction on our platform is subject to our privacy policies, end user license agreements (“EULAs”), and terms of service, if we fail to comply with our posted privacy policies, EULAs, or terms of service, or if we fail to comply with existing privacy-related or data protection laws and regulations, it could result in proceedings or litigation against us by governmental authorities or others, which could result in fines or judgments against us, damage our reputation, impact our financial condition and/or harm our business. In addition to government regulation, privacy advocacy and industry groups may propose new and different self-regulatory standards that either legally or contractually apply to us. Any inability to adequately address privacy, data protection and data security concerns or comply with applicable privacy, data protection or data security laws, regulations, policies and other obligations could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales and harm our business. Further, our failure, and/or the failure by the various third-party service providers and partners with which we do business, to comply with applicable privacy policies or federal, state or similar international laws and regulations or any other obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release of personally identifiable information or other user data, or the perception that any such failure or compromise has occurred, could damage our reputation, result in a loss of creators or attendees, discourage potential creators and attendees from trying our platform and/or result in fines and/or proceedings by governmental agencies and/or users, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, given the breadth and depth of changes in data protection obligations, ongoing compliance with evolving interpretation of the GDPR and other regulatory requirements requires time and resources and a review of the technology and systems currently in use against the requirements of GDPR and other regulations. 26 Table of Contents We may be held liable for information or content displayed on, retrieved from or linked to our platform, or distributed to our users. Our interactive live streaming platform enables users and creators to exchange information and engage in various other online activities. Although we require our users and creators to register their real name, we do not require user identifications used and displayed while using the platform to contain any real-name information, and hence we are unable to verify the sources of all the information posted by our users and creators. In addition, because a majority of the communications on our online and in person platform is conducted in real time, we are unable to examine the content generated by users and creators before they are posted or streamed. Therefore, it is possible that users and creators may engage in illegal, obscene or incendiary conversations or activities, including publishing of inappropriate or illegal content that may be deemed unlawful. If any content on our platform is deemed illegal, obscene or incendiary, or if appropriate licenses and third-party consents have not been obtained, claims may be brought against us for defamation, libel, negligence, copyright, patent or trademark infringement, other unlawful activities or other theories and claims based on the nature and content of the information delivered on or otherwise accessed through our platform. Moreover, the costs of compliance may continue to increase when more content is made available on our platform as a result of our growing base of users and creators, which may adversely affect our results of operations. Intensified government regulation of the Internet industry could restrict our ability to maintain or increase the level of traffic to our platform as well as our ability to capture other market opportunities. The Internet industry is increasingly subject to strict scrutiny. New laws and regulations may be adopted from time to time to address new issues that come to the authorities’ attention. We may not timely obtain or maintain all the required licenses or approvals or make all the necessary filings in the future. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the required licenses or approvals if we plan to expand into other Internet businesses. If we fail to obtain or maintain any of the required licenses or approvals or make the necessary filings, we may be subject to various penalties, which may disrupt our business operations or derail our business strategy, and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings. From time to time we may become subject to legal proceedings, claims, litigation and government investigations or inquiries, which could be expensive, lengthy, disruptive to normal business operations and occupy a significant amount of our employees’ time and attention. In addition, the outcome of any legal proceedings, claims, litigation, investigations or inquiries may be difficult to predict and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition. Risks Related to Intellectual Property We may be subject to claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights. From time to time, third parties may claim that we have infringed their intellectual property rights. For example, patent holding companies may assert patent claims against us in which they seek to monetize patents they have purchased or otherwise obtained. Although we take steps to avoid knowingly violating the intellectual property rights of others, it is possible that third parties still may claim infringement. Existing or future infringement claims against us, whether valid or not, may be expensive to defend and divert the attention of our employees from business operations. Such claims or litigation could require us to pay damages, royalties, legal fees and other costs. We also could be required to stop offering, distributing or supporting our platform, service offerings, or other features or services which incorporate the affected intellectual property rights, redesign products, features or services to avoid infringement, or obtain a license, all of which could be costly and harm our business. In addition, many patents have been issued that may apply to potential new modes of delivering, playing or monetizing interactive entertainment software products and services, such as those offered on our platform or that we would like to offer in the future. We may discover that future opportunities to provide new and innovative services to users and creators may be precluded by existing patents that we are unable to license on reasonable terms. Our technology, content and brands are subject to the threat of piracy, unauthorized copying and other forms of intellectual property infringement. We regard our technology, content and brands as proprietary and take measures to protect our technology, content and brands and other confidential information from infringement. Piracy and other forms of unauthorized copying and use of our technology, content and brands are persistent, and policing is difficult. Further, the laws of some countries in which our products are or may be distributed either do not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States or are poorly enforced. Legal protection of our rights may be ineffective in such countries. In addition, although we take steps to enforce and police our rights, factors such as the proliferation of technology designed to circumvent the protection measures used by our business partners or by us, the availability of broadband access to the Internet, the refusal of Internet service providers or platform holders to remove infringing content in certain instances, and the proliferation of online channels through which infringing product is distributed all have contributed to an expansion in unauthorized copying of our technology, content and brands. 27 Table of Contents Third parties may register trademarks or domain names or purchase internet search engine keywords that are similar to our registered trademark or pending trademarks, brands or websites, or misappropriate our data and copy our platform, all of which could cause confusion, divert users and creators away from our platform and service offerings, or harm our reputation. Competitors and other third parties may purchase (i) trademarks that are similar to our trademarks and (ii) keywords that are confusingly similar to our brands or websites in Internet search engine advertising programs and in the header and text of the resulting sponsored links or advertisements in order to divert users and creators from us to their websites. Preventing such unauthorized use is inherently difficult. If we are unable to prevent such unauthorized use, competitors and other third parties may continue to drive potential users and creators away from our platform to competing, irrelevant or potentially offensive platforms, which could harm our reputation and cause us to lose revenue. We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position. We regard our registered trademark and pending trademarks, service marks, pending patents, domain names, trade secrets, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success. We rely on trademark and patent law, trade secret protection and confidentiality and license agreements with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. We have invested significant resources to develop our own intellectual property and acquire licenses to use and distribute the intellectual property of others on our platform. Failure to maintain or protect these rights could harm our business. In addition, any unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties may adversely affect our current and future revenues and our reputation. Policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult and expensive. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. Further, we require every employee and consultant to execute proprietary information and invention agreements prior to commencing work. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, third parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property or seek court declarations that they do not infringe upon our intellectual property rights. Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly, and we cannot assure you that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property. From time to time, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources. Our patent and trademark applications may not be granted and our patent and trademark rights, once patents are issued and trademarks are registered, may be contested, circumvented, invalidated or limited in scope, and our patent and trademark rights may not protect us effectively once issued and registered, respectively. In particular, we may not be able to prevent others from developing or exploiting competing technologies and trademarks, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business operations, financial condition and results of operations. Currently, we have one patent application pending, and 187 registered trademarks, along with certain licenses from game publishers to utilize their proprietary games. For our pending patent application, we cannot assure you that we will be granted patents pursuant to our pending applications as well as future patent applications we intend to file. Even if our patent applications succeed, it is still uncertain whether these patents will be contested, circumvented or invalidated in the future. In addition, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with sufficient protection or competitive advantages. The claims under any patents that issue from our patent applications may not be broad enough to prevent others from developing technologies that are similar or that achieve results similar to ours. It is also possible that the intellectual property rights of others will bar us from licensing and from exploiting any patents that issue from our pending applications. Numerous U.S. and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications owned by others exist in the fields in which we have developed and are developing our technology. These patents and patent applications might have priority over our patent applications and could subject our patent applications to invalidation. Finally, in addition to those who may claim priority, any of our pending patent and trademark applications may also be challenged by others on the basis that they are otherwise invalid or unenforceable. Risks Relating to our Indebtedness We have a significant amount of fixed obligations and indebtedness and we have incurred, and may incur in the future, significant additional debt, that could impair our liquidity and thereby harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. As of December 31, 2024, we have an aggregate principal amount of indebtedness of approximately $4.7 million, which consists of borrowings under (i) that certain Business Loan and Security Agreement with Agile Capital Funding, LLC, and Agile Lending, LLC (the “Agile Agreement”), (ii) that certain Note Purchase Agreement with a non-employee member of the board of directors of the Company (the “Director Agreement”), (iii) that certain unsecured promissory note issued by the Company to the Founders (as defined at Note 5, “Acquisitions” elsewhere herein) in connection with the remaining Super Biz Second Earn Out Period accrued contingent consideration outstanding and (iv) that certain Financing and Security Agreement with SLR Digital Finance, LLC (the “SLR Agreement”, and collectively with the Agile Agreement and Director Agreement, the “ Loan Agreements ”). In addition, we have entered into additional debt agreements as described at Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements. 28 Table of Contents Our ability to pay the fixed and other costs associated with our contractual obligations will depend on our operating performance, cash flow and our ability to secure adequate financing, which will in turn depend on, among other things, the success of our current business strategy, market volatility, weakening or improvement in the U.S. economy, as well as general economic and political conditions and other factors that are beyond our control. From time to time and subject to market conditions and any applicable contractual requirements, we may refinance portions of our debt, including our debt maturing in 2025, which, at current interest rates and market conditions, may negatively impact our interest expense or result in higher dilution. The amount of our fixed obligations, our obligations under our other debt arrangements, and the related need to obtain financing could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and could: ● require a substantial portion of cash flow from operations for payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes; ● limit our ability to access the capital markets to raise capital on favorable terms or to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general corporate or other expenses, or to refinance existing indebtedness; ● make it more difficult for us to pay our other obligations as they become due during adverse general economic and market industry conditions because any related decrease in revenues could cause us to have insufficient cash flows from operations to make our scheduled payments, increasing our vulnerability to downturns and adverse developments; ● reduce our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the airline industry and, consequently, place us at a competitive disadvantage to our competitors with fewer fixed payment obligations or which are subject to fewer limitations or restrictions; and ● limit our ability to pay dividends and repurchase shares. A failure to pay our debt and other fixed cost obligations or a breach of our contractual obligations could result in a variety of adverse consequences, including the exercise of remedies by our creditors. In such a situation, it is unlikely that we would be able to cure our breach, fulfill our obligations, make required lease or debt payments or otherwise cover our fixed costs, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Despite our current indebtedness levels, we may incur additional indebtedness in the future, which could further increase the risks associated with our leverage and exacerbate the risks described above, especially in the current interest rate environment. We may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to compliance with certain covenants in the Loan Agreements. While our debt agreements do prohibit us from incurring additional unsecured indebtedness or certain secured indebtedness (subject to certain carve-outs as specified in the underlying agreements), our creditors can waive such prohibitions. If our creditors agree to waive such prohibitions and such additional indebtedness is incurred in the future, our debt service obligations will increase. The more leveraged we become, the more we will be exposed to the risks created by our current substantial indebtedness. To the extent that the terms of our current or future debt agreements would prevent us from incurring additional indebtedness, we may be able to obtain amendments to those agreements that would allow us to incur such additional indebtedness, and such additional indebtedness could be material. Should we incur additional debt or such other obligations, the risks associated with our substantial debt described herein, including our possible inability to service and meet our debt or other obligations, would increase. Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from our performance to the extent we are exposed to such interest rates and/or volatility. In periods of rising interest rates, such as the current interest rate environment, to the extent we borrow money subject to a floating interest rate, our operating costs would increase, which could reduce our net income. For additional information, refer to Note 6, “Debt” elsewhere herein. Restrictive covenants in our Loan Agreements may limit our financial and operating flexibility, which may adversely affect our business and liquidity. Furthermore, the Loan Agreements provide our lenders with a first-priority lien against substantially all of our assets which, in the event of a default, would adversely affect our results of operations The Loan Agreements governing our indebtedness contain certain restrictions, which may have adverse effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Such restrictions include a number of covenants that limit our and our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, materially change our business, convey, sell, lease, transfer or dispose of the business or our property, except under certain circumstances, merge or consolidate with other companies or acquire other companies, create or incur liens, pay any dividends on our common stock, make certain investments and engage in certain other activities. As a result of these restrictions, we may be limited in how we conduct our business, in our ability to compete effectively or in our ability to implement changes or take advantage of business opportunities-including by making strategic acquisitions, investments or alliances, restructuring our organization or financing capital needs-that would be in our interest. We may also be unable to raise additional indebtedness or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns. 29 Table of Contents While we were in compliance with our debt covenants as of December 31, 2024, we may not be able to maintain compliance with the covenants in the future. A failure by us to comply with the covenants or payment requirements specified in the Loan Agreements could result in an event of default under the agreement, which would give the lender the right to declare any and all borrowings outstanding, together with accrued and unpaid interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable. In addition, the lender would have the right to proceed against the collateral in which we granted a security interest to them, which consists of substantially all our assets. If the debt under our Loan Agreements were to be accelerated, we will likely not have sufficient cash or be able to borrow sufficient funds to refinance the debt or sell sufficient assets to repay the debt, which would adversely affect our cash flows, business, results of operations and financial condition. Further, the terms of any new or additional financing may be on terms that are more restrictive or on terms that are less desirable to us. Any of the foregoing actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. We have substantial indebtedness and may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy the obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful. Our earnings and cash flow could vary significantly from year to year due to the nature of our industry. As a result, the amount of debt that we can manage in some periods may not be appropriate for us in other periods. Additionally, our future cash flow may be insufficient to meet our debt obligations and other commitments at that time. Any insufficiency could negatively impact our business. A range of economic, competitive, business and industry factors will affect our future financial performance, and, as a result, our ability to generate cash flow from operations and to pay our debt obligations. Many of these factors, such as access to capital, economic and financial conditions in our industry and the global economy and initiatives of our competitors, are beyond our control as discussed in this “ Risk Factors ” section. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. Payment of interest on, and repayment of principal of, our indebtedness is dependent in part on cash flow generated by our subsidiaries. Payment of interest on, and repayment of, principal of our indebtedness will be dependent in part upon cash flow generated by our subsidiaries and their ability to make such cash available to us, by dividend, debt repayment, or otherwise. Our subsidiaries may not be able to, or be permitted to, make distributions to enable us to make payments in respect of our indebtedness. Each of our subsidiaries is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from our subsidiaries. In the event that we do not receive distributions from our subsidiaries, we may be unable to make required principal and interest payments on our indebtedness. In addition, any payment of interest, dividends, distributions, loans, or advances by our subsidiaries to us could be subject to restrictions on dividends or repatriation of distributions under applicable local law, monetary transfer restrictions, and foreign currency exchange regulations in the jurisdictions in which the subsidiaries operate or under arrangements with local partners. Furthermore, the ability of our subsidiaries to make such payments of interest, dividends, distributions, loans, or advances may be contested by taxing authorities in the relevant jurisdictions. We may be unable to refinance our debt on terms favorable to us or at all, which would negatively impact our business and financial condition. We are subject to risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest. While we may refinance all or some of our indebtedness before it matures, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any maturing indebtedness, that such refinancing will be on terms as favorable to us as the terms of the maturing indebtedness or, if the indebtedness cannot be refinanced, that we will be able to otherwise obtain funds by selling assets or raising equity to make required payments on our maturing indebtedness. Furthermore, if prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness at or before maturity or otherwise meet our payment obligations, our business and financial condition will be negatively impacted, and we may be in default under our indebtedness. Any default under our Loan Agreements would permit lenders to foreclose on our assets, which may also result in the acceleration of that indebtedness. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.” Governance Risks and Risks Related to our Common Stock We received a notice from Nasdaq that our common stock may be delisted from trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market if we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements, including the minimum bid price requirement and annual meeting requirement. A delisting of our common stock is likely to reduce the liquidity of our common stock and may inhibit or preclude our ability to raise additional financing. We are required to comply with certain Nasdaq continued listing requirements, including a minimum bid price for our common stock, as well as a series of financial tests relating to stockholder equity, market value of listed securities and number of market makers and stockholders. If we fail to maintain compliance with any of those requirements, our common shares could be delisted from Nasdaq. 30 Table of Contents On January 2, 2025, we received a letter (the “ Bid Price Letter ”) from the Listing Qualifications Staff of Nasdaq indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of the Company’s Common Stock, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company is not currently in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). On January 3, 2025, the Company received a letter (the “ Annual Meeting Letter ”) from Nasdaq indicating that the Company no longer complies with Listing Rule 5620(a) (the “ Annual Meeting Rule ”) since it did not hold an annual meeting of stockholders within twelve months of the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The Company intends to monitor the closing bid price of its Common Stock. To regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), the closing bid price of the Company's Common Stock must be at least $1.00 per share for 10 consecutive business days during the 180-day period from January 2, 2025 to July 1, 2025. If the Company does not regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by July 1, 2025, Nasdaq may grant the Company a second 180-day period to regain compliance. To qualify for this additional 180-day compliance period, the Company would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market, other than the minimum bid price requirement. In addition, the Company would also be required to notify Nasdaq of its intent to cure the minimum bid price deficiency by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. If the Company does not regain compliance within the allotted compliance periods, including any extensions that may be granted by Nasdaq, Nasdaq will provide notice that the Company's Common Stock will be subject to delisting. The Company would then be entitled to appeal that determination to a Nasdaq hearings panel. To regain compliance with the Annual Meeting Rule, the Company prepared and submitted a plan of compliance (due within 45 calendar days from receipt of the formal notice) to Nasdaq of which we are awaiting a response from Nasdaq. There is no guaranty that Nasdaq will accept our plan of compliance. If, for any reason, Nasdaq should delist our common stock from trading on its exchange and we are unable to obtain listing on another national securities exchange or take action to restore our compliance with the Nasdaq continued listing requirements, a reduction in some or all of the following may occur, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our stockholders: ● the liquidity of our common stock; ● the market price of our common stock; ● we will become a “penny stock”, which will make trading of our common stock much more difficult; ● our ability to obtain financing for the continuation of our operations; ● the number of institutional and general investors that will consider investing in our common stock; ● the number of investors in general that will consider investing in our common stock; ● the number of market makers in our common stock; ● the availability of information concerning the trading prices and volume of our common stock; and ● the number of broker-dealers willing to execute trades in shares of our common stock. Our amended and restated bylaws designate a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders ’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. Pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware, in all cases subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over indispensable parties named as defendants. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this provision. The forum selection clause in our amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against us or our directors and officers and may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. Because the applicability of the exclusive forum provision is limited to the extent permitted by law, we believe that the exclusive forum provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction or concurrent jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act. We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the provision and that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Although we believe this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers. Although our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, our shares are likely to be thinly traded for some time and an active market may never develop. Although our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, it is likely that initially there will be a very limited trading market for our common stock, and we cannot ensure that a robust trading market will ever develop or be sustained. Our shares of common stock may be thinly traded, and the price, if traded, may not reflect our actual or perceived value. There can be no assurance that there will be an active market for our shares of common stock in the future. The market liquidity will be dependent on the perception of our operating business, competitive forces, state of the live stream and gaming industry, growth rate and becoming cash flow profitable on a sustainable basis, among other things. We may, in the future, take certain steps, including utilizing investor awareness campaigns, press releases, road shows, and conferences to increase awareness of our business and any steps that we might take to bring us to the awareness of investors may require we compensate financial public relations firms with cash and/or stock. There can be no assurance that there will be any awareness generated or the results of any efforts will result in any impact on our trading volume. Consequently, investors may not be able to liquidate their investment or liquidate it at a price that reflects the value of the business and trading may be at an inflated price relative to the performance of our company due to, among other things, availability of sellers of our shares. If a market should develop, the price may be highly volatile. Because there may be a low price for our shares of common stock, many brokerage firms or clearing firms may not be willing to effect transactions in the securities or accept our shares for deposit in an account. Even if an investor finds a broker willing to effect a transaction in the shares of our common stock, the combination of brokerage commissions, transfer fees, taxes, if any, and any other selling costs may exceed the selling price. Further, many lending institutions will not permit the use of low-priced shares of common stock as collateral for any loans. 31 Table of Contents Our stock price may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially and may be higher or lower than the initial public offering price. This may be especially true for companies with a small public float. The trading price of our common stock will depend on several factors, including those described in this “ Risk Factors ” section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock since you might be unable to sell your shares at or above the price you paid. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include: ● changes to our industry, including demand and regulations; ● we may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors; ● competitive pricing pressures; ● our ability to obtain working capital financing as required; ● additions or departures of key personnel; ● sales of our common stock; ● our ability to execute our business plan; ● operating results that fall below expectations; ● loss of any strategic relationship, sponsor or licensor; ● any major change in our management; ● changes in accounting standards, procedures, guidelines, interpretations or principals; and ● economic, geo-political and other external factors. In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions or interest rate changes, may seriously affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our stock shortly. If the market price of our common stock after our offering does not exceed what you paid per share, you may not realize any return on your investment in us and may lose some or all of your investment. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market prices of particular companies’ securities, securities class action litigations have often been instituted against these companies. Litigation of this type, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources. Any adverse determination in any such litigation or any amounts paid to settle any such actual or threatened litigation could require that we make significant payments. 32 Table of Contents If securities industry analysts do not publish research reports on us, or publish unfavorable reports on us, then the market price and market trading volume of our common stock could be negatively affected. Any trading market for our common stock will be influenced in part by any research reports that securities industry analysts publish about us. We may not obtain any future research coverage by securities industry analysts. In the event we are covered by research analysts, and one or more of such analysts downgrade our securities, or otherwise reports on us unfavorably, or discontinues coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our common stock could be negatively affected. We have not paid cash dividends in the past and do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the future. Any return on investment will likely be limited to the value of our common stock. We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends on our common stock will depend on earnings, financial condition and other business and economic factors affecting us at such time as our Board may consider relevant. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates. Since we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future, stock price appreciation, if any, will be your sole source of gain. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. In addition, the terms of any future debt agreements may preclude us from paying dividends. As a result, appreciation, if any, in the market price of our common stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future. Our issuance of additional shares of preferred stock could adversely affect the market value of our common stock, dilute the voting power of common stockholders and delay or prevent a change of control. Our Board has the authority to cause us to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, up to an additional 9,958,018 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to designate the number of shares constituting any series, and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, redemption price or prices and liquidation preferences of such series. As of March 28, 2025, we had the following shares of Preferred Stock outstanding: (i) zero shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A Preferred”); (ii) zero shares of Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A-2 Preferred”); (iii) zero shares of Series A-3 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A-3 Preferred”); (iv) zero shares of Series A-4 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A-4 Preferred”); (v) zero shares of Series A-5 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A-5 Preferred”), (vi) 3,699 shares of Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series AA Preferred”); (vii) zero shares of Series AA-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series AA-2 Preferred”); (viii) 25 shares of Series AA-3 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series AA-3 Preferred”); (ix) 500 shares of Series AA-4 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series AA-4 Preferred”); (x) 50 shares of Series AA-5 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series AA-5 Preferred”), (xi) 7,345 shares of Series AAA Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series AAA Preferred”); and (xii) 3,148 shares of Series AAA-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series AAA-2 Preferred”); (xiii) 365 shares of Series AAA Junior Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share (the “Series AAA JR Preferred”); (xiv) 441 shares of Series AAA-2 Junior Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share (the “Series AAA-2 JR Preferred”); (xv) 697 shares of Series AAA-3 Junior Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share (the “Series AAA-3 JR Preferred”); and (xvi) 399 shares of Series AAA-4 Junior Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series AAA-4 JR Preferred”, and, collectively with the Series A Preferred, Series A-2 Preferred, Series A-3 Preferred, Series A-4 Preferred, Series A-5 Preferred, Series AA Preferred, Series AA-2 Preferred, Series AA-3 Preferred, Series AA-4 Preferred, Series AA-5 Preferred, Series AAA Preferred, Series AAA-2 Preferred, Series AAA JR Preferred, Series AAA-2 JR Preferred, Series AAA-3 JR Preferred, and Series AAA-4 JR Preferred (the “Preferred Stock”). The issuance of shares of preferred stock with dividend or conversion rights, liquidation preferences or other economic terms favorable to the holders of preferred stock could adversely affect the market price for our common stock by making an investment in the common stock less attractive. For example, investors in the common stock may not wish to purchase common stock at a price above the conversion price of a series of convertible preferred stock because the holders of the preferred stock would effectively be entitled to purchase common stock at the lower conversion price causing economic dilution to the holders of common stock. Further, the issuance of shares of preferred stock with voting rights may adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our other classes of voting stock either by diluting the voting power of our other classes of voting stock if they vote together as a single class, or by giving the holders of any such preferred stock the right to block an action on which they have a separate class vote even if the action were approved by the holders of our other classes of voting stock. The issuance of shares of preferred stock may also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company without further action by the stockholders, even where stockholders are offered a premium for their shares. The holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote on an as-converted basis to common stock basis and have rights to approve certain actions. From November 2022 to December 2024, we issued an aggregate of 41,982 shares of our Preferred Stock to a group of accredited investors (collectively, the “Investors”), pursuant to certain placement agency agreements. The holders of our Preferred Stock are generally entitled to vote with the holders of our common stock on all matters submitted for a vote of our stockholders (voting together with the holders of common stock as one class) on an as-converted basis. Additionally, the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock are required in order for us to take certain actions, including issuances of securities that are senior to, or equal in priority with, the Preferred Stock. As a result, the holders of Preferred Stock may in the future have the ability to influence the outcome of certain matters affecting our governance and capitalization. 33 Table of Contents As of March 28, 2025, there were approximately 16,669 shares of our Preferred Stock outstanding, which are convertible without payment of additional consideration, into approximately 10.0 million shares of our common stock, subject to certain ownership limitations. The conversion of the outstanding shares of our Preferred Stock into common stock would be substantially dilutive to existing stockholders. Any dilution or potential dilution may cause our stockholders to sell their shares, which may contribute to a downward movement in the stock price of our common stock. Future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common stock upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future issuances of preferred stock, which would rank senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividends and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the level of return you may be able to achieve from an investment in our common stock . In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by offering debt securities. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities, and lenders with respect to other borrowings we may make, would receive distributions of our available assets prior to any distributions being made to holders of our common stock. Moreover, if we issue preferred stock in the future, the holders of such preferred stock could be entitled to preferences over holders of common stock in respect of the payment of dividends and the payment of liquidating distributions. Because our decision to issue debt or preferred securities in any future offering, or borrow money from lenders, will depend in part on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any such future offerings or borrowings. Holders of our common stock must bear the risk that any such future offerings we conduct or borrowings we make may adversely affect the level of return they may be able to achieve from an investment in our common stock. We are a “ smaller reporting company ” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make an investment in us less attractive to investors. In particular, our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act (“Rules 12b-2”). Rule 12b-2 defines a “smaller reporting company” as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that: 1. had a public float of less than $250 million; or 2. had annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available and either had no public float or a public float of less than $700 million. “Smaller reporting companies” are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial statements in annual reports. To the extent we take advantage of some or all of the reduced reporting requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies, an investment in our company may be less attractive to investors. Ineffective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, and results of operations . Our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, failure or interruption of information technology systems, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, including any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or if we experience difficulties in their implementation, our ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information accurately and within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC could be adversely affected. This could cause our financial reporting to be unreliable and potentially result in a restatement of our financial statements, which in turn could lead to a loss of investor confidence and a decline in the trading price of our common stock, and could subject us to investigation or sanctions by the SEC. Any such consequence or other negative effect could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. 34 Table of Contents We have granted, and may continue to grant, share incentive awards, which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses. We adopted our Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) in October 2014, for purposes of granting share-based compensation awards to employees, directors and consultants to incentivize their performance and align their interests with ours. We account for compensation costs for all share-based awards issued under the 2014 Plan using a fair-value based method and recognize expenses in our statements of comprehensive loss in accordance with GAAP. Under the 2014 Plan, we are authorized to grant options to purchase shares of common stock of our Company, restricted share units to receive shares of common stock and restricted shares of common stock. For Fiscal Year 2024 and Fiscal Year 2023, we recorded share-based compensation expense of $1.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively, primarily related to issuances and vesting of awards under the 2014 Plan. We believe the granting of share incentive awards is important to our ability to attract and retain employees, and we will continue to grant share incentive awards to employees in the future. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Uncertainty in global economic conditions could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition . We have significant intangible assets recorded on our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023. We will continue to evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amount of our intangible assets on an ongoing basis, and we may incur substantial impairment charges, which would adversely affect our consolidated financial results. There can be no assurance that the outcome of such reviews in the future will not result in substantial impairment charges. Impairment assessment inherently involves judgment as to assumptions about expected future cash flows and the impact of market conditions on those assumptions. Future events and changing market conditions may impact our assumptions as to prices, costs, holding periods or other factors that may result in changes in our estimates of future cash flows. Although we believe the assumptions we used in testing for impairment are reasonable, significant changes in any one of our assumptions could produce a significantly different result. Risks Related to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Integration of artificial intelligence into our operations could result in reputational or competitive harm, legal liability, and other adverse effects on our business. We have integrated, and plan to further integrate, AI in our operations. Such integration and use of AI may become more important in our operations over time. These AI-related initiatives, whether successful or not, could cause us to incur substantial costs and could result in delays in our product and service offerings. Our competitors or other third parties may incorporate AI into their products or operations more quickly or more successfully than we do, which could impair our ability to compete effectively. Additionally, AI algorithms may be flawed and datasets underlying AI algorithms may be insufficient or contain biased information. If the AI tools we use in our operations produce analyses or recommendations that are or are alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, or biased, our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected. Other companies have experienced cybersecurity incidents that implicate confidential and proprietary company data and/or the personal data of end users of AI applications integrated into their product offerings or used in their operations. If we were to experience a cybersecurity incident related to our use of AI applications in our operations, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. AI also presents various emerging legal, regulatory and ethical issues, and the use of AI applications in our operations could require us to expend significant resources in developing, testing and maintaining our product and service offerings and may cause us to experience brand, reputational, or competitive harm, or incur legal liability. On October 30, 2023, the Biden administration issued an Executive Order to, among other things, establish extensive new standards for AI safety and security. Other jurisdictions may decide to adopt similar or more restrictive legislation that may render the use of such technologies challenging. These restrictions may make it harder for us to conduct our business using AI, lead to regulatory fines or penalties, require us to change our business practices, or prevent or limit our use of AI. Issues in the use of AI or machine learning in our operations may result in reputational harm or liability. Our employees and personnel may use AI, including generative AI, and machine learning (“ML”, and collectively with AI, “AI/ML” technologies) technologies to perform their work. AI/ML is a potentially growing element of our business. The development and use of AI/ML present various privacy and security risks that may impact our business. AI/ML technologies are subject to privacy and data security laws, as well as increasing regulation and scrutiny. Several jurisdictions around the globe, including Europe and certain U.S. states, have proposed enacted, or are considering laws governing the development and use of AI/ML, such as the EU’s AI Act. We expect other jurisdictions will adopt similar laws. 35 Table of Contents AI/ML models such as those used in our employees and personnel’s performance of their work may create flawed, incomplete, or inaccurate outputs, some of which may appear correct. This may happen if the inputs that the model relied on were inaccurate, incomplete or flawed (including if a bad actor “poisons” the model with bad inputs or logic), or if the logic of the model is flawed (a so-called “hallucination”). We or our customers may also use AI/ML outputs to make certain decisions. Due to these potential inaccuracies or flaws, the model could be biased and could lead us or our customers to make decisions that could bias certain individuals (or classes of individuals), and adversely impact their rights, employment, and ability to obtain certain pricing, products, services, or benefits or decisions that are otherwise harmful. If such AI-based outputs are deemed to be biased or otherwise harmful, we could face adverse consequences, including exposure to reputational and competitive harm, customer loss, and legal liability. Additionally, any sensitive information (including confidential, competitive, proprietary, or personal data) that we input into our own or third-party generative AI/ML models or platforms could be leaked or disclosed to others. Where AI/ML models ingest personal data or other sensitive information and make connections using such data, those technologies may reveal other personal or sensitive information generated by the model. Certain privacy laws extend rights to consumers (such as the right to delete certain personal data) and regulate automated decision making in ways that may be incompatible with our use of AI/ML. These obligations may make it harder for us to conduct our business using AI/ML, lead to regulatory fines or penalties, require us to change our business practices, retrain our AI/ML models, or prevent or limit our use of AI/ML technologies. For example, the FTC has required other companies to turn over (or disgorge) valuable insights or trainings generated through the use of AI/ML where they allege the company has violated privacy and consumer protection laws. If we cannot develop or use AI/ML or such activities are restricted, our business may be less efficient, or we may be at a competitive disadvantage. The use of AI/ML to assist us or our customers in making certain decisions may also be regulated by certain privacy laws. For additional information on risks that privacy and data protection obligations could pose to our business, see the Risk Factor titled “ The laws and regulations concerning data privacy are continually evolving. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could harm our business. ” We operate in an intensely competitive industry, and our competitors are developing products and solutions that incorporate AI and ML. We currently do not incorporate AI/ML into our products, which could adversely affect our business and profitability. Our competitors may be larger, more diversified, better funded, and have access to more advanced technology, including AI and ML. These competitive advantages may enable our competition to innovate their products and solutions faster or better than we can, or to provide increased competition on quality and price, which could adversely affect our business and profitability. Burgeoning interest in AI/ML may increase competition and disrupt the Company’s business model. AI/ML may lower barriers to entry in our industry and the Company may be unable to effectively compete with the products or services offered by new competitors. Changes to the products and services we offer related to AI and ML may affect customer expectations, requirements, or tastes in ways that the Company cannot adequately anticipate or adapt to, causing its business to lose revenues. General Risk Factors Catastrophic events may disrupt our business. Natural disasters or other catastrophic events may cause damage or disruption to our operations, international commerce, and the global economy, and thus could harm our business. We have our headquarters in Santa Monica, California, an area which in recent years has been increasingly susceptible to fires, severe weather events, and power outages, any of which could disrupt our operations, and which contains active earthquake zones. In the event of a major earthquake, hurricane, or catastrophic event such as fire, power loss, rolling blackouts or power loss, telecommunications failure, pandemic, geopolitical conflict such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Hamas’ attack against Israel and the ensuing war, cyber-attack, war, other physical security threats or terrorist attack, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, delays in our service offering development, lengthy interruptions in our service offerings, breaches of security, and loss of critical data, all of which would harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Acts of terrorism and similar events would also cause disruptions to the internet or the economy as a whole. Global climate change could also result in natural disasters occurring more frequently or with more intense effects, which could cause business interruptions. The long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery from it on society and developer, creator, and user engagement remain uncertain, and a subsequent health crisis or pandemic, as well as the actions taken by various governmental, business and individuals in response, will impact our business, operations and financial results in ways that we may not be able to accurately predict. In addition, the insurance we maintain would likely not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from disasters or other business interruptions. Our disaster recovery plan may not be sufficient to address all aspects of any unanticipated consequence or incident, we may not be able to maintain business continuity at profitable levels or at all, and our insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for the losses that could occur. Changes in the state of the U.S. economy, such as rising inflation and a return to volatile or recessionary conditions in the United States or abroad, and volatile global economic conditions in general, could adversely affect our business or our access to capital markets in a material manner. To date, our principal sources of capital used to fund our operations have been the net proceeds we received from sales of equity securities and proceeds received from the issuance of convertible debt, as described herein. We have and will continue to use significant capital for the growth and development of our business, and, as such, we expect to seek additional capital either from operations or that may be available from future issuance(s) of common stock or debt financings, to fund our planned operations. 36 Table of Contents Accordingly, our results of operations and the implementation of our long-term business strategy could be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy, including conditions that are outside of our control, such as the historically high levels of inflation recently experienced by the United States, Europe and other key global markets. If the inflation rate continues to increase, it will likely affect all of our expenses, including, but not limited to, employee compensation expenses and energy expenses and it may reduce consumer discretionary spending, which could affect the buying power of individuals to which our advertisers promote, developers, and creators and lead to a reduced demand for our service offerings. Geopolitical developments, such as the war in Ukraine, Hamas’ attack against Israel and the ensuing war, and tensions with China, and the responses by central banking authorities to control inflation, can increase levels of political and economic unpredictability globally and increase the volatility of global financial markets. Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including lower consumer confidence, persistent unemployment, wage and income stagnation, slower growth or recession, changes to fiscal and monetary policy, inflation, higher interest rates, currency fluctuations, economic and trade sanctions, the availability and cost of credit, and the strength of the economies in which we and our customers are located, have adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. The most recent global financial crisis caused by COVID-19 resulted in extreme volatility and disruptions in the capital and credit markets. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business and could have a material adverse effect on us, including limiting our ability to obtain additional capital from the capital markets. We could also be adversely affected by such factors as changes in foreign currency rates and weak economic and political conditions in each of the countries in which we operate. Our business is subject to risks generally associated with the entertainment industry. Our business is subject to risks that are generally associated with the entertainment industry, many of which are beyond our control. These risks could negatively impact our operating results and include the popularity, price to play, and timing of release of third-party and our own games and interactive content, economic conditions that adversely affect discretionary consumer spending, changes in user demographics, the availability and popularity of other forms of entertainment, and critical reviews and public tastes and preferences, which may change rapidly and cannot necessarily be predicted. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY Risk Management and Strategy We recognize the importance of cybersecurity risk management and have a defined strategy to support our business operations, platforms and information systems. We have implemented a comprehensive cybersecurity program to protect information systems and data. We have based our cybersecurity program on defined industry accepted frameworks with the goal of building enterprise resilience against an evolving cybersecurity threat landscape and to respond to cybersecurity threats as they materialize. Our program includes identification, assessment, monitoring, and management components, as well as informational and escalation components designed to inform management and the Board of prospective risks and developments. Our cybersecurity program encompasses functions dedicated to both proactive and reactive management of cybersecurity threats. We implement our cybersecurity program internally through maintaining cybersecurity policies; deploying updated security technologies; and using third-party services and consultants to support and improve our cybersecurity program. Our proactive management of cybersecurity risks entails many actions, including actively monitoring our information technology systems; engaging service providers to monitor and, as appropriate, respond to cybersecurity threats; developing and updating incident response plans to address potential cybersecurity threats; and training our personnel on cybersecurity. We engage third-party auditors and consultants and leverage our internal information security, audit, and compliance functions to assess various facets of our cybersecurity program. We also maintain enterprise-wide processes to oversee and identify risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party service providers. We assess cybersecurity contingencies within our overall business continuity risk management planning process. Our information technology and information security teams utilize various technology tools to prevent, monitor, detect, and respond to cybersecurity threats. Our incident response policy outlines processes, roles, responsibilities, notifications, and other communications applicable to the assessment, mitigation, and remediation of realized cybersecurity events. The nature and scope of assessed risk of a realized cybersecurity event dictates the pace and extent of relevant processes, and communications, including an evaluation of any necessary or required disclosure. Depending on its nature and scope, a cybersecurity threat may be managed within our IT Department, responsible for day-to-day management of cybersecurity risks, and escalated to our executive management team, the Board, and the Audit Committee, as appropriate. We have not historically been materially impacted by risks from cybersecurity threats and, as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are not aware of any cybersecurity risks that are reasonably likely to materially affect our business. However, the breadth and scope of cybersecurity threats have grown over time and our systems and networks may be the target of increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks. For more information on our cybersecurity risks and their potential impact to our business, see Item 1A , “ Risk Factors-Risks related to Our Business and Industry - We may experience security breaches and cyber threats ” and Item 1A, “ Risk Factors-Risks related to Our Business and Industry - Our business could be adversely affected if our data privacy and security practices are not adequate, or perceived as being inadequate, to prevent data breaches, or by the application of data privacy and security laws generally .” 37 Table of Contents Governance Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function and has delegated to the Audit Committee (the “ Committee ”) oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks. The Committee oversees management’s implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program. Our IT Department updates management on cybersecurity matters, including risk assessments, security controls, incident response procedures, employee training and Third-Party Risk Management. The Committee oversees the Company's cybersecurity risk management and strategy, while management is responsible for implementing the Company's cybersecurity program. This approach ensures that cybersecurity risks are appropriately prioritized and managed throughout the organization. Our Corporate Counsel has 20 years of experience in information technology, including cybersecurity, audit, compliance, and cybersecurity. In addition, we have an Enterprise IT Operations Engineer (“Ops Engineer”) with requisite knowledge and experience in information technology and cybersecurity, and maintains IT and Ops professional certifications. The Ops Engineer may call upon other business and legal stakeholders across our company to help manage cybersecurity threats and incidents. Our Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of our programs, policies, procedures, and risk management activities related to information security and data protection. The Audit Committee meets periodically with our Corporate Counsel and executive management to discuss threats, risks, and ongoing efforts to enhance cyber resiliency, as well as changes to the broader cybersecurity landscape. Our Board periodically participates in presentations on cybersecurity and information technology from internal leadership. In addition to periodic presentations, management promptly updates our Board and Audit Committee regarding significant threats and incidents as they arise. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES As of December 31, 2024 we maintain approximately 1,550 square feet of office space which is leased on a month-to-month basis at a rate of approximately $7,000 per month. We anticipate no difficulty in extending the leases of our facilities or obtaining comparable facilities in suitable locations, as needed, and we consider our facilities to be adequate for our current needs. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS As of the date hereof, we are not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings. There are no proceedings in which any of our directors, executive officers or affiliates, or any registered or beneficial stockholder, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest. We may from time to time be subject to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation or any other legal or administrative proceeding, regardless of the outcome, is likely to result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources, including our management’s time and attention. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES None. 38 Table of Contents PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT ’ S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information and Holders Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “SLE.” As of March 31, 2025, we had 365 holders of record of our common stock based upon the records of our transfer agent, which do not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of various securities brokers, dealers and registered clearing agencies. Dividend Policy We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business. Therefore, we do not currently expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board and will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our Board deems relevant. Our ability to pay dividends may also be restricted by the terms of any future credit agreement or any future debt or preferred equity securities. Issuance of Common Stock as Dividends During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we paid common stock dividends on outstanding preferred stock as disclosed at Note 7 to the financial statements contained elsewhere herein. Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities No unregistered securities were issued during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 that were not previously reported. Performance Graph As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the performance graph required by Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K. ITEM 6. [Reserved] ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT ’ S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations, whose actual outcomes involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those stated in or implied by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed in the sections entitled “ Risk Factors, ” “ Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements ” and elsewhere in this Report. All references to “ Note, ” followed by a number reference from one to twelve herein, refer to the applicable corresponding numbered footnotes to the consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere herein. General Super League Enterprise, Inc. is redefining how brands connect with consumers through the power of playable media. Through solutions within mobile games and the world’s largest immersive gaming platforms, Super League provides global brands with ads, content, and experiences that are not only seen – they are played, felt, and remembered. Boasting an award-winning development studio, a vast network of native creators, and proprietary engagement technology, Super League is a one-of-a-kind partner for brands looking to stand out in culture, spark loyalty, and drive meaningful impact. In a world where attention is earned, Super League makes brands relevant - by making them playable. We generate revenue from (i) innovative advertising including immersive game world and experience publishing and in-game media products, (ii) direct to consumer offers, including in-game items, e-commerce, and digital collectibles, and (iii) content and technology through the production and distribution of our own, advertiser and third-party content. We operate in one reportable segment to reflect the way management and our chief operating decision maker review and assess the performance of the business. 39 Table of Contents Announced Infinite Reality Transaction On September 30, 2024, the Company entered into a binding term sheet (the “iR Term Sheet”) with Infinite Reality, Inc. (“Infinite Reality”), whereby, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions as more specifically set forth in the iR Term Sheet (including receipt of the approval of the Company’s stockholders), and the entry into definitive documentation, the Company will: (i) acquire from Infinite Reality, (a) a perpetual, royalty free license to name and to create and host events for Drone Racing League, Inc., (b) to be determined esports assets and all related intellectual property, (c) cash in the amount of up to $20 million to come from divestiture of certain assets to be determined and/or other sources of capital, (d) TalentX and all related intellectual property, (e) Fearless Media and all related intellectual property, and (f) Thunder Studios and all related intellectual property (each an “Asset” and, collectively, the “Purchased Assets”)(the “Asset Acquisition”), in exchange for the Company issuing that number of shares of a to-be designated class of its preferred stock equal in priority to existing Series A, AA and AAA preferred shares (the “Consideration Shares”), which Consideration Shares will be convertible into 75% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Super League’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), calculated at the time of the consummation of the Asset Acquisition; (ii) issue to Infinite Reality 2,499,090 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, in exchange for 139,592 shares of Infinite Reality’s common stock (the “Share Exchange”), pursuant to an Equity Exchange Agreement, and to appoint a designee of Infinite Reality to the Company’s Board upon the consummation of the Share Exchange (the “Closing”); and (iii) receive a credit facility in the amount of $30,000,000 from Infinite Reality, to be established in January 2025 (the “Credit Facility”, and the Asset Acquisition, Share Exchange, and Credit Facility are collectively, the “iR Transaction”). The Term Sheet contemplates that, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions contained therein (including approval of the iR Transaction by the Company’s stockholders), upon the consummation of the iR Transaction, Infinite Reality will beneficially own 84.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company as of the Closing. On March 28, 2025, the Company and Infinite Reality mutually agreed to terminate both the Binding Term Sheet and the iR Transactions contemplated thereby in their entirety. Equity Exchange Agreement. On September 30, 2024, in connection with the Term Sheet and the Share Exchange, the Company entered into an Equity Exchange Agreement with Infinite Reality (the “Exchange Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed, subject to the receipt of the approval of the Company’s stockholders and other customary closing conditions, to issue 2,499,090 shares of Common Stock (the “Exchange Shares”) in exchange for 139,592 shares of Infinite Reality common stock of equal value, based on the Company’s Common Stock being valued at $1.30 per share. The Exchange Agreement contains representations, warranties, and covenants of the Company and Infinite Reality that are customary for a transaction of this nature. The Exchange Shares, once exchanged pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, will be exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated. On October 29, 2024, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Equity Exchange Agreement (the “Amended Exchange Agreement”) with Infinite Reality, which amended and restated the Exchange Agreement. Pursuant to the Amended Exchange Agreement, the Company will issue an aggregate total of 2,499,090 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, in exchange for 216,831 shares of Infinite Reality common stock (“Infinite Reality Common Stock” and collectively, the “Exchange”). The Exchange will be consummated across two closings: (i) an initial closing of 1,215,279 shares of Common Stock in exchange for 105,445 shares of Infinite Reality Common Stock (the “Initial Closing”); and (ii) a second closing, subject to the approval of the Company’s stockholders, of 1,283,811 shares of Common Stock for 111,386 shares of Infinite Reality Common Stock. All other terms of the Exchange Agreement were not modified. On March 28, 2025, the Company and Infinite Reality mutually agreed to terminate both the Amended Exchange Agreement and the Exchange contemplated thereby in its entirety. Bylaw Amendment On June 4, 2024, the Board approved an amendment (the “ Amendment ”) to the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective June 4, 2024, to reduce the number of shares that are required to be present at a meeting of the Company’s stockholders (a “ Meeting ”) for purposes of establishing a quorum. Prior to the Amendment, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock was required to establish a quorum for the transaction of business at a Meeting. As approved in the Amendment, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of not less than one-third (1/3) of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at a Meeting. The Board adopted the Amendment to more practically obtain a quorum and conduct business at a Meeting. The Board based its decision on the increasing prevalence of brokerage firms opting to forgo discretionary or proportionate voting of the shares held by them in street name, which is making it increasingly difficult for companies with a large retail stockholder base to obtain a quorum of the majority. The change to the quorum requirement was made to improve the Company’s ability to hold Meetings when called. 40 Table of Contents Reverse Stock Split and Name Change On September 7, 2023, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as Amended (the “Charter”), which became effective September 11, 2023, to change the name of the Company from Super League Gaming, Inc. to Super League Enterprise, Inc. (the “Name Change”) and to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a ratio of 1-for-20 (the “Reverse Split”). The Name Change and the Reverse Split were approved by the Board on July 5, 2023, and approved by the stockholders of the Company on September 7, 2023. Refer to Note 7 for additional information regarding the Reverse Split. All references to common stock, warrants to purchase common stock, options to purchase common stock, restricted stock, share data, per share data and related information contained in the financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effect of the Reverse Split for all periods presented. Increase in Authorized Common Stock On May 30, 2023, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to its Charter increasing the number of authorized shares of common stock from 100,000,000 to 400,000,000. The Board previously approved the amendment on March 17, 2023, and the Company obtained the approval by written consent of its stockholders holding greater than 50% of the voting securities of the Company on April 5, 2023. In connection with the Name Change, the Company also changed its Nasdaq ticker symbol to “SLE” from “SLGG.” Matters Affecting Comparability Impairment Charges. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge related to our partner relationship related intangible assets, comprised primarily of our Microsoft Minecraft server and InPvP developed technology intangible assets originally acquired in connection with the acquisition of Mobcrush, Inc., in June 2021. The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment review, include significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, and significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy in the context of our overall business. Due to underperformance relative to historical and projected future operating results and a decision to deploy resources in other areas of the business, we performed an impairment analysis and determined that the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the assets was less than the carrying amount of the assets, resulting in an impairment loss totaling $7.1 million, which is recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for Fiscal Year 2023. Loss on intangible asset disposal. In June 2023 , the Company assigned the intangible assets originally acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Bannerfy in fiscal year 2021, to the original sellers. The assets were disposed of in connection with management’s review of operations and decision to allocate resources elsewhere. As a result, the Company recorded a write-off of net developed technology related intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition of Bannerfy totaling $2.3 million, which is included in “Loss on intangible asset disposal” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for Fiscal Year 2023. Executive Summary Revenue for Fiscal Year 2024 and 2023 totaled $16.2 million and $25.1 million, respectively, reflecting a year over year decrease of 35%. The decrease in revenue for the periods presented reflected a mix of industry softness in ad sales, stemming from macro environmental factors including consumer spending softness, continued market education and adoption of immersive platforms as a marketing channel, structural shifts in platform ad ecosystems, the shift of certain revenues and program start delays to future periods by advertisers, and a reduction in Minehut related media sales revenues in connection with the sale of our Minehut digital property in the first quarter of 2024. Cost of revenue for Fiscal Year 2024 and 2023 was $10.1 million and $15.3 million, respectively, reflecting a year over year decrease of 34%, driven primarily by the related decrease in Fiscal Year 2024 revenues, compared to the prior year. As a percent of revenue, gross profit for Fiscal Year 2024 was 38%, relatively consistent with the 39% gross profit percentage for the prior year period. Total operating expense for Fiscal Year 2024 decreased to $22.9 million, compared to $42.6 million in the comparable prior year period. Operating expense for Fiscal Year 2023 included aggregate noncash impairment and loss on intangible asset disposal charges totaling $9.3 million, and net contingent consideration charges of $1.1 million. Excluding the noncash impairment charges and net contingent consideration charges, the decrease in total operating expense reflects decreases in cloud services and other technology platform costs and decreases in personnel, marketing and other corporate costs, resulting from ongoing cost reduction and optimization activities. Excluding noncash stock compensation expense, amortization expense, intangible asset impairment charges, legal settlement charges and mark to market related fair value adjustments, operating expense for Fiscal Year 2024 was $18.2 million, compared to $25.1 million, reflecting a 27% reduction in operating expense, compared to Fiscal Year 2023. 41 Table of Contents Net loss for Fiscal Year 2024, which includes the impact of significant mark to market related credits as described below, and noncash stock compensation, and amortization, as summarized below, was $16.6 million or $(2.35) per share, compared to a net loss of $30.3 million, or $(13.67) per share, in the comparable prior year period. The calculation of net loss per share for Fiscal Year 2024 and 2023 included noncash common stock dividend and deemed dividend (Fiscal Year 2023 only) related direct charges to accumulated deficit totaling $4.4 million and $7.9 million, respectively, as described at Note 2. Excluding the impact of the noncash common stock dividend and deemed dividend related direct charges to accumulated deficit, net loss per share for Fiscal Year 2024 and 2023 was $(1.86) and $(10.84), respectively. Sale of Minehut On February 29, 2024, the Company sold its Minehut business unit (“Minehut”) to GamerSafer, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“GamerSafer”), in a transaction approved by the Board. Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement entered into by and between GamerSafer and the Company on February 26, 2024 (the “GS Agreement”), the Company will receive $1.0 million of purchase consideration for the sale of Minehut, which amount will be paid by GamerSafer in revenue and royalty sharing over a period of two years, as described in the GS Agreement. Other than with respect to the GS Agreement, there is no relationship between the Company or its affiliates with GamerSafer or its affiliates. The transaction allows Super League to streamline its position in partnering with major brands to build, market, and operate 3D experiences across multiple immersive platforms, including open gaming powerhouses like Minecraft, and aligns with our cost improvement initiative. The two companies will maintain a commercial relationship which ensures that Minehut can remain an ongoing destination available to Super League’s partners. Acquisition of Melon, Inc. On May 4, 2023 (the “Melon Closing Date”), we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Melon Purchase Agreement”) with Melon, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Melon”), pursuant to which the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Melon (the “Melon Assets”) (the “Melon Acquisition”). The consummation of the Melon Acquisition (the “Melon Closing”) occurred simultaneously with the execution of the Melon Purchase Agreement. Melon is a development studio building innovative virtual worlds in partnership with powerful consumer brands across music, film, TV, sports, fashion and youth culture. With this acquisition, Super League further strengthens its position as a one-stop solutions provider and strategic operating partner for marquee brands and businesses seeking to expand and activate communities throughout the gaming metaverse. At the Closing, the Company paid an aggregate total of $900,000 to Melon (the “Melon Closing Consideration”), of which $150,000 was paid in cash, and the remaining $750,000 was paid in the form of shares of the Company’s common stock (with a closing date fair value of $722,000), valued at $9.64 (the “Melon Closing Share Price”), the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Company’s common stock for the five trading days immediately preceding the Melon Closing Date, as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Refer to the table at Note 5 for calculation of the fair value of consideration paid. Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of the Melon Purchase Agreement, up to an aggregate of $2,350,000 (the “Melon Contingent Consideration”) will be payable to Melon in connection with the achievement of certain revenue milestones for the period from the Closing until December 31, 2023 (the “Melon First Earnout Period”) in the amount of $1,000,000, and for the year ending December 31, 2024 (the “Melon Second Earnout Period) in the amount of $1,350,000 (the “Second Earnout Period” and the First Earnout Period are collectively referred to as the “Earnout Periods”). The Contingent Consideration is payable in the form of cash and common stock, with $600,000 of the aggregate Melon Contingent Consideration being payable in the form of cash, and $1,750,000 payable in the form of common stock, valued at the greater of (a) the Melon Closing Share Price, and (b) the VWAP for the five trading days immediately preceding the end of each respective Earnout Period. Additionally, pursuant to the Melon Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into employment agreements with two former key Melon employees (“Key Melon Employees”), pursuant to which the Key Melon Employees were granted inducement awards consisting of restricted stock unit awards (“RSUs”) to acquire an aggregate of 103,780 shares of its common stock as described at Note 5. Meta Stadiums Collaboration In August 2024 , we announced a strategic partnership with Meta-Stadiums, a cutting-edge platform to build, customize, and manage virtual stadiums in the metaverse, to combine capabilities and offer cross-platform immersive experiences and events to music artists, sports teams, entertainment companies, and consumer brands. The alliance creates a world-class end-to-end provider of metaverse programs and strategies that reaches all corners of the virtual universe, from bespoke 3D spaces to the most popular immersive platforms such as Roblox, Fortnite Creative, The Sandbox, Decentraland, and Minecraft. 42 Table of Contents Common Sense Networks Initiative In March 2024, we announced an initiative with Common Sense Networks, the award winning, singular leader in age appropriate content moderation standards and owner of Sensical, the groundbreaking streaming and FAST channel service for kids 2-12, that enables brands to connect with young audiences on a global scale in safe and suitable ways across major gaming and video platforms, including Roblox, Fortnite Creative, Minecraft, YouTube, TikTok, and beyond. GSTV Partnership In March 2024, we announced a partnership with GSTV, the national on-the-go video network engaging and entertaining targeted audiences at scale across tens of thousands of fuel retailers. The partnership will unite the physical journey of consumers with the expansive digital world of gaming. Initially, the partnership brings Super League’s popular Metaburst gaming news segment to GSTV, keeping millions of viewers at fuel and convenience retailers across the country updated on the latest trends and advancements in the 3D web, virtual worlds and platforms like Roblox and Fortnite. GSTV and Super League are also collaborating on other integration opportunities that unite physical and digital retail engagement to provide brands with innovative and exciting ways to reach a broad base of consumers. In addition to extending in-game content to GSTV screens, the Super League Loyalty & Reward platform will power custom omnichannel programs that reward Roblox users with seamless real world benefits from GTSV partners, and create opportunities for GSTV audience family members to enjoy special rewards within Roblox. Chartis Partnership In March 2024, we announced new capabilities for our entertainment and consumer brand clients in Fortnite Creative via a partnership with Chartis. Chartis is a platform focused on Unreal Editor for Fortnite (UEFN), offering a rapidly-growing suite of tools to make it easier and more intuitive for creators to build original games and experiences within Fortnite Creative, where an increasing segment of the blockbuster game’s 70 million monthly players spend their time. The partnership with Chartis enables Super League and its prominent global brand partners to tap into the Chartis Network, a coalition of independent Fortnite Creative developers with more than 157 million monthly plays and nearly one billion monthly impressions. Together, the companies will provide unparalleled opportunities for brands to launch new Fortnite Creative Islands and custom integrations. Roblox Partner Program On August 2, 2023, we announced that Super League joined the Roblox (NYSE: RBLX) Partner Program. As an early mover in building and distributing creative and impactful programs for brands, in partnership with hundreds of top Roblox developers, joining the Roblox Partner Program will allow Super League to elevate its offerings to include the official Roblox advertising system with Immersive Ads. The added capabilities augment Super League’s powerful end-to-end, innovative solutions, enabling brands to reach the highly engaged audience on Roblox, a global immersive platform where over 66 million people connect and communicate daily. Super League was an early mover in the space, enabling extensive third-party distribution for brands on Roblox by providing hundreds of developers in the community with measurement, monetization, and optimization tools. Through the Roblox Partner Program, Super League is evolving its offering by repurposing its previous ad network to focus on Roblox’s Immersive Ads product to enable brands to reach audiences at scale. Super League will be integrating Roblox’s Immersive Ads into its growing suite of cross-platform offerings and capabilities inclusive of experience creation, promotion, distribution, and monetization: ● Highly immersive ad formats for the official Roblox advertising system; ● Bespoke brand integrations into popular experiences; ● Proprietary Pop-Up Shops, interactive characters, and integrated content products; ● First-to-market home grown solution to turn digital in-experience codes into real-world physical redemptions; ● Robust influencer marketing programs; ● In-experience brand lift studies; ● Expert video content creation for Tik Tok, YouTube, and more; and ● Metaverse strategy & innovation consulting. Super League’s inclusion in the Roblox Partner Program, combined with its longstanding dedication to supporting hundreds of Roblox developers with software to help manage and grow their businesses, creates an unparalleled opportunity to achieve massive reach and powerful results for brands. Immediate benefits of being part of the program include access to educational resources and training, along with comprehensive tools, collateral, and insights for brand onboarding and education. 43 Table of Contents Equity Financings Convertible Preferred Stock Issuances ● Series AAA Junior Convertible Preferred Financing On the dates set forth in the applicable table below, we entered into subscription agreements with accredited investors in connection with the sale of an aggregate of 2,857 shares of newly designated Series AAA Junior, AAA-2 Junior, AAA-3 Junior and AAA-4 Junior Convertible Preferred Stock, each series having a $0.001 par value and a $1,000 purchase price, hereinafter collectively referred to as “Series AAA Junior Preferred,” and the individual offerings of Series AAA Junior Preferred stock, hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Series AAA Junior Offerings”, raising gross proceeds of $2.9 million, before fees. ● Series AAA Convertible Preferred Financing On the dates set forth in the applicable table below, we entered into subscription agreements with accredited investors in connection with the sale of an aggregate of 8,355 shares of newly designated Series AAA and AAA-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, each series having a $0.001 par value and a $1,000 purchase price, hereinafter collectively referred to as “Series AAA Preferred,” and the individual offerings of Series AAA Preferred stock, hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Series AAA Offerings”, raising gross proceeds of $8.4 million, before fees. ● Series AA Convertible Preferred Financing On the dates set forth in the applicable table below, we entered into subscription agreements with accredited investors in connection with the sale of an aggregate of 11,781 shares of newly designated Series AA, AA-2, AA-3, AA-4 and AA-5 Convertible Preferred Stock, each series having a $0.001 par value and a $1,000 purchase price, hereinafter collectively referred to as “Series AA Preferred,” and the individual offerings of Series AA Preferred stock hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Series AA Offerings”, raising gross proceeds of $11.8 million, before fees. ● Series A Convertible Preferred Financing On the dates set forth in the applicable table below, we entered into subscription agreements with accredited investors in connection with the sale of an aggregate of 12,622 shares of newly designated Series A, A-2, A-3, A-4 and A-5 Convertible Preferred Stock, each series having a $0.001 par value and a $1,000 purchase price, hereinafter collectively referred to as “Series A Preferred,” and the individual offerings of Series A Preferred stock, hereinafter, collectively referred to as the “Series A Offerings”, raising gross proceeds of $12.6 million, before fees. In connection with the Series A Offerings, Series AA Offerings, Series AAA Offerings and Series AAA Junior Offerings (collectively, the “Preferred Offerings”), the Company filed Certificates of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the respective series stock with the State of Delaware. Use of net proceeds from the Preferred Offerings for the periods presented included working capital, repayment of certain indebtedness and general corporate purposes, including sales and marketing activities and product development. The Company undertook the Preferred Offerings pursuant to certain placement agency agreements (collectively, the “Placement Agency Agreements”) with Aegis Capital Corporation, a New York corporation and registered broker-dealer and member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (the “Placement Agent”), which acted as the Company’s exclusive placement agent for the Offerings. Pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agency Agreements, in connection with the closings of the Offerings, the Company paid the Placement Agent aggregate cash fees, and non-accountable expense allowances as disclosed in the applicable tables below, and issued to the Placement Agent or its designees warrants to purchase shares of common stock as disclosed in the tables below, at the conversion prices disclosed below. Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources, below, and Note 7 for additional information. Common Stock Issuances On October 24, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with an accredited investor for the registered direct offering of an aggregate of 1,136,364 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Shares”), at a purchase price of $0.88 per Share. The registered direct offering closed on October 25, 2024 and resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $1.0 million. The Shares were offered by the Company pursuant to a prospectus supplement to the Company’s then effective shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on November 16, 2021 (File No. 333-259347). The Company filed a final prospectus supplement in connection with the Registered Direct Offering on October 25, 2024. On August 21, 2023, we entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Aegis Capital Corp. (the “Underwriter”), relating to the Company’s public offering (the “Common Stock Offering”) of 778,653 shares of its common stock, and pre-funded warrants to purchase 67,500 shares of the Company’s common stock, in lieu of the Company’s common stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”, and collectively with the Shares, the “Firm Securities”) to certain investors. On August 23, 2023, the Company issued the Firm Securities and closed the Offering at a public price of $2.60 per share, and $2.58 per share underlying each Pre-Funded Warrant, for net proceeds to the Company of approximately $1.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. Use of net proceeds from the Common Stock Offering for the periods presented included working capital and general corporate purposes, including sales and marketing activities and product development. The Firm Securities were offered, issued, and sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement filed with the SEC on Form S-3 (File No. 333-259347) (the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as supplemented by a prospectus supplement, dated August 23, 2023, relating to the Securities (together with the accompanying base prospectus, dated September 7, 2021, the “Prospectus Supplement”), filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act on August 23, 2023. Refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” and Note 7 below for additional information. 44 Table of Contents Debt Financings Agile Promissory Note On November 8, 2024 (the “Agile Effective Date”), the Company entered into a loan agreement with Agile Capital Funding, LLC, as collateral agent (“Agile”)(“ the Agile Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company issued to Agile a Confessed Judgment Secured Promissory Note for an aggregate value of $1.85 million (the “Agile Note”). Pursuant to the Agile Loan Agreement: (i) the Agile Note matures 28 weeks from the Agile Effective Date; (ii) carries an aggregate total interest payment of approximately $0.78 million (the “Applicable Rate”), and (iii) immediately upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default (as defined in the Agile Loan Agreement), interest shall accrue at a fixed per annum rate equal to the Applicable Rate plus five percent. The Company is required to repay all the obligations due under the Agile Loan Agreement and the Agile Note in 28 equal payments of $93,821, with the first payment being made to Agile on November 14, 2024, and every seven days thereafter until the Maturity Date. The proceeds received from the Agile Note were utilized to fund general working capital needs. Pursuant to the Agile Loan Agreement, upon the occurrence of certain events, including (a) a change in the Company’s business other than the business engaged in by the Company on the Agile Effective Date, (b) cause or permit, voluntarily or involuntarily, any Key Person to cease being actively engagement in the management of the Company without prior notice to Agile, (c) a change in control of the Company (expressly excluding the pending transactions with Infinite Reality, Inc.) or otherwise approve the liquidation or dissolution of the Company or its Subsidiary (collectively, a “Change in Business, Management, or Ownership”), or (d) the Term Loan is accelerated upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Company shall be required to immediately pay to Agile an amount equal to the sum of: (i) all outstanding principal of the Agile Note plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the prepayment date, (ii) a fee equal to the aggregate and actual amount of interest (at the contract rate of interest) that would be paid through the Maturity Date (the “Prepayment Fee”), plus (iii) all other obligations that are due and payable, including, without limitation, interest at the Default Rate with respect to any past due amounts. The Company is allowed to make a full or partial prepayment of any or all of the obligations arising under the Agile Loan Agreement and the Agile Note, provided, the Company shall be obligated to pay a contractual prepayment fee. The Agile Loan Agreement imposes various restrictions on the activities of the Company, including, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Agile Loan Agreement (including, without limitation, the pending transactions with Infinite Reality, Inc.), a prohibition on: (i) creating, incurring, assuming, or being liable for any indebtedness, or allow the Subsidiary to do so (expressly excluding up to $3,000,000 of unsecured loans through one or more third parties); (ii) any Change in Business, Management, or Ownership; (iii) fundamental changes to the Company or its subsidiaries (including certain consolidations, mergers and sales/transfers of assets outside the ordinary course of business, and limitations on the ability of the Company and its Subsidiary to grant liens upon their property or assets); (iv) pay any dividends (other than dividends payable solely in capital stock) or make any distribution or payment in respect of or redeem, retire or purchase any capital stock; (v) enter into certain transactions with the Company’s affiliates; (vi) make or permit any payment on any debt that is subordinate to the obligations under the Agile Loan Agreement and the Agile Note (expressly excluding up to $3,000,000 of unsecured loans through one or more third parties); and (vi) other than in the ordinary course of business, entering into any material agreement, or terminating or materially amending a material agreement. As security for the full and prompt payment and performance of any obligations arising under the Agile Loan Agreement and the Agile Note, the Company and its Subsidiary granted to Agile a continuing first priority security interest in all the assets of the Company and its Subsidiary; provided, however, the filing of a financing statement and/or the taking of any action required to perfect Agile’s security interest in the collateral may only occur upon an event of default. The Agile Loan Agreement also provides for standard Events of Default, customary provisions, including representations, warranties and covenants, indemnification, waiver of jury trial, arbitration, and the exercise of remedies upon a breach or default. In connection with entering into the Agile Loan Agreement, the Company was required to pay an administrative fee of $92,500 to the Collateral Agent, which was paid at the closing out of proceeds of the issuance of the Agile Note. On February 10, 2025 (the “Agile II Effective Date”), the Company entered into a Business Loan and Security Agreement (the “Agile II Loan Agreement”), with the Collateral Agent and Agile, pursuant to which the Company issued to Agile a Confessed Judgment Secured Promissory Note for an aggregate value of $2.5 million (the “Agile II Note”). Pursuant to the Agile II Loan Agreement: (i) the Agile II Note matures 32 weeks from the Agile II Effective Date; (ii) carries an aggregate total interest payment of approximately $1.05 million, and (iii) immediately upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default (as defined in the Agile Loan Agreement), interest shall accrue at a fixed per annum rate equal to the applicable rate plus five percent. The Company is required to repay all the obligations due under the Agile II Loan Agreement and the Agile II Note in 32 equal payments of $110,937, with the first payment being made to Agile on February 17, 2025, and every seven days thereafter until the maturity date. The proceeds received from the Agile II Note will be used to fund general working capital needs. In connection with entering into the Agile Loan Agreement, the Company was required to pay an administrative fee of $125,000 to the Collateral Agent, which was paid at the closing out of proceeds of the issuance of the Agile II Note. $1.5 million of the Agile II Note was used to repay the remaining balance under the Agile Note, with net proceeds to the Company of approximately $875,000. Related Party Promissory Note On November 19, 2024 (the “RP Effective Date”), we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “RP Purchase Agreement”) with a non-employee member of the Board (the “Purchaser”). Pursuant to the RP Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to the Purchaser an Unsecured Promissory Note (the “RP Note”) in the amount of $1,500,000 (the “RP Principal”), for which the RP Note (i) matures on the date that is 12 months from the RP Effective Date (the “RP Maturity Date”), (ii) may be pre-paid at any time by the Company without penalty, and (iii) accrues interest on the RP Principal at a rate of 40% simple interest per annum (the “RP Interest”). The RP Interest is payable on the RP Maturity Date. In the event of a prepayment of the RP Note by the Company, the RP Interest will be pro-rated for the period the RP Note is outstanding. The Company utilized the proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes. 45 Table of Contents The RP Note also provides for: (i) standard events of default, including (a) any default in the payment of the RP Principal or RP Interest on their respective due dates, (b) the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event (as defined in the Note), or (c) the Company commits any material breach or default of any material provision of the Note, if not cured within 20 days following the written notice from the Purchaser specifying in reasonable detail such breach or default (sections (a) through (c), the “Events of Default”); and (ii) customary provisions, including representations, warranties and covenants, indemnification, waiver of jury trial, arbitration, and the exercise of remedies upon a breach or default. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the RP Note will bear interest at the default interest rate of 45% per annum, and upon Purchaser’s written notice to the Company, all payments of RP Principal and RP Interest will become immediately due and payable. 1800 Diagonal Lending, LLC On March 26, 2025 (the “Diagonal Effective Date”), the Company and 1800 Diagonal Lending, LLC, a Virginia limited liability company, or registered assigns (“Diagonal”) entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Diagonal Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company issued a Convertible Promissory Note (the “Diagonal Note”) in the principal amount of $300,000 (the “Diagonal Principal”), for which the Diagonal Note, among other things, (a) matures on December 30, 2025 (unless otherwise accelerated upon an Event of Default (as defined below)) (the “Diagonal Maturity Date”), (b) accrues interest at a rate of 10% per annum on the unpaid principal balance from the date the Diagonal Note was issued (the “Diagonal Issuance Date”) until the principal and interest becomes due and payable, whether on the Maturity Date or upon acceleration by prepayment or otherwise, (c) interest begins to accrue on the Diagonal Issuance Date but shall not be payable until the Diagonal Note becomes payable, and (d) interest will accrue at a rate of 22% per annum for any amount of principal or interest which is not paid as required under the Diagonal Note, or during an Event of Default. Pursuant to the Diagonal Note, Diagonal has the right, from time to time, and at any time, during the period beginning on the date which is 180 days from the Diagonal Effective Date and ending on the earlier of (a) the Diagonal Maturity Date, or (b) the date of payment of the Default Amount, each in respect of the remaining outstanding amount of the Diagonal Note into fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock at a price equal to 75% multiplied by the Market Price (as defined below) (the “Conversion Price”). For purposes of the Diagonal Note: (x) the “Market Price” means the lowest Trading Price for the Company’s Common Stock during the 10 trading ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the Diagonal Conversion Date; (y) the “Trading Price” means the closing price (or bid, if applicable) of the Company’s Common Stock as listed (or quoted, as applicable) on the principal securities exchange or trading market where it is listed or traded; and (z) the “Diagonal Conversion Date” means the date specified in the applicable notice of conversion, delivered to the Company by Diagonal in accordance with the Diagonal Note. Pursuant to the Diagonal Note, the following events, among other things, constitute an Event of Default: (i) failure to pay principal and interest when due; (ii) the Company fails to issue shares of Common Stock upon exercise of Diagonal’s conversion rights under the Diagonal Note; (iii) the Company’s breach of any material covenant or other material term or condition in the Diagonal note or the Diagonal Agreement, and such breach continues for a period of 20 business days after written notice from Diagonal; (iv) any breach of the representations and warranties set forth in both the Diagonal Agreement and the Diagonal Note; (v) the Company institutes any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or applies for or consents to the appointment of a receiver or trustee for it or for a substantial part of its property or business; (vi) the Company institutes, or any proceeding is instated against the Company, relating to any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, or liquidation proceedings; (vii) the Company fails to maintain the listing of its Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market or on the Over The Counter boards or an equivalent exchange; (viii) the Company failing to comply with the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or ceases to be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act; (ix) the Company institutes any dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the Company or any substantial portion of its business; (x) the restatement of any financial statements filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission, if the result of such restatement would have constituted a material adverse effect on the rights of Diagonal; (xi) the Company proposes to replace its transfer agent and fails to provide a fully executed irrevocable transfer agent instructions signed by the successor transfer agent; and (xii) a breach or default by the Company of any covenant or other term or condition contained in any other agreement by the Company, after the passage of all applicable notice and cure or grace periods (each individually an “Event of Default”, and collectively, “Events of Default”). Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default that is enumerated in Section 3.2 of the Diagonal Note, the Diagonal Note shall become immediately due and payable, and the Company shall pay to Diagonal an amount equal to the Default Amount (as defined below), multiplied by two. For other Events of Default not enumerated in Section 3.2 of the Diagonal Note, the Diagonal Note shall become immediately due and payable in an amount equal to 150% times the sum of (a) the then outstanding principal amount of the Diagonal Note, plus (b) accrued and unpaid interest on the unpaid principal amount of the Diagonal Note to the date of payment, plus (c) Default Interest, if any, on the amounts referred to in clauses (a) and/or (b), plus (d) any amounts owed to Diagonal pursuant to Sections 1.3 and 1.4(g) of the Diagonal Note (the then outstanding principal amount of this Note to the date of payment plus the amounts referred to in clauses (b), (c) and (d) shall collectively be known as the “Default Amount”) and all other amounts payable under the Diagonal Note shall immediately become due and payable, together with all costs, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses, of collection, and Diagonal shall be entitled to exercise all other rights and remedies available at law or in equity. 46 Table of Contents The Diagonal Note was issued with an Original Issue Discount of 4.75% (the “OID”), with net proceeds to the Company of $278,500 after giving deducting the OID, reimbursement of Diagonal’s expenses in an amount equal to $7,000, and other estimated offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. Refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements. Belleau Note Purchase Agreement On March 28, 2025 (the “Belleau Effective Date”), we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Belleau Purchase Agreement”) with Belleau Wood Capital, LP, or its assigns (“Belleau”). Pursuant to the Belleau Purchase Agreement, the Company will issue to Belleau a total of three Unsecured Promissory Notes (each, a “Belleau Note” and collectively, the “Belleau Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $1,500,000 (the “Belleau Principal”). The consummation of the sale of the initial Belleau Note was consummated on the Belleau Effective Date, with gross proceeds to the Company of $300,000. The consummation of the sale of the two remaining Belleau Notes will occur in the amounts and on the dates as follows: (a) $600,000 on April 14, 2025; and (b) $600,000 on April 28, 2025. Each of the Belleau Notes: (x) matures on the date that is 12 months from the date of the issuance of each respective Belleau Note (collectively, the “Belleau Maturity Date”); (y) may be prepaid in part or in full at any time by the Company without penalty; and (z) accrues interest at a rate of 20% simple interest per annum (the “Belleau Interest Rate”, and the dollar value of the accrued interest, the “Belleau Interest”). The Belleau Interest that accrues on each respective Belleau Note is payable on each respective Belleau Maturity Date in the form of restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to 20% of the Belleau Principal, calculated at a price per share of $0.35. In the event of a prepayment of any Belleau Note by the Company, the Belleau Interest will be payable in full at the time of such prepayment. The Belleau Note also provides for: (i) standard events of default, including (a) any default in the payment of the Belleau Principal or Belleau Interest on their respective due dates, (b) the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event (as defined in the Belleau Note), or (c) the Company commits any material breach or default of any material provision of the Belleau Note, if not cured within 20 days following the written notice from Belleau specifying in reasonable detail such breach or default (sections (a) through (c), the “Belleau Events of Default”); and (ii) customary provisions, including representations, warranties and covenants, indemnification, waiver of jury trial, arbitration, and the exercise of remedies upon a breach or default. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Belleau Note will bear interest at the default interest rate of 20% per annum, payable in cash, and upon Belleau’s written notice to the Company, all payments of Belleau Principal and Belleau Interest will become immediately due and payable. The Company intends to utilize the proceeds from the sale of the Belleau Notes for working capital and general corporate purposes. The initial Belleau Note was issued without registration under the Securities Act, based on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The two remaining Belleau Notes, along with the shares of the Company’s Common Stock payable as interest pursuant to the Belleau Notes, when issued according to the Belleau Purchase Agreement, will be issued without registration under the Securities Act, based on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. Belleau represented that it is an accredited investor, as defined in Rule 501(d) of the Securities Act, and that it has, and will continue to, acquire the applicable securities for investment only and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof. Compliance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and 5620(a) On January 2, 2025, the Company received a letter (the “ Bid Price Letter ”) from the Listing Qualifications Staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“ Nasdaq ”) indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“ Common Stock ”), for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company is not currently in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). On January 3, 2025, the Company received a letter (the “ Annual Meeting Letter ”) from Nasdaq indicating that the Company no longer complies with Listing Rule 5620(a) (the “ Annual Meeting Rule ”) since it did not hold an annual meeting of stockholders within twelve months of the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The Bid Price Letter and the Annual Meeting Letter have no immediate effect on the listing of the Company's Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market.  47 Table of Contents The Company intends to monitor the closing bid price of its Common Stock. To regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), the closing bid price of the Company's Common Stock must be at least $1.00 per share for 10 consecutive business days during the 180-day period from January 2, 2025 to July 1, 2025. If the Company does not regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by July 1, 2025, Nasdaq may grant the Company a second 180-day period to regain compliance. To qualify for this additional 180-day compliance period, the Company would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market, other than the minimum bid price requirement. In addition, the Company would also be required to notify Nasdaq of its intent to cure the minimum bid price deficiency by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. If the Company does not regain compliance within the allotted compliance periods, including any extensions that may be granted by Nasdaq, Nasdaq will provide notice that the Company's Common Stock will be subject to delisting. The Company would then be entitled to appeal that determination to a Nasdaq hearings panel. On February 17, 2025, the Company submitted its plan to regain compliance to Nasdaq (the “Plan”). As of the date of this Report, the Company has not received a response from Nasdaq as to whether the Plan has been approved and there is no guaranty that Nasdaq will accept our Plan. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors- Governance Risks and Risks Related to our Common Stock - We received a notice from Nasdaq that our common stock may be delisted from trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market if we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements, including the minimum bid price requirement and annual meeting requirement. A delisting of our common stock is likely to reduce the liquidity of our common stock and may inhibit or preclude our ability to raise additional financing.” Seasonality Our revenue fluctuates quarterly and is generally higher in the second half of our fiscal year, with the fourth quarter typically representing our highest revenue quarter each year. Advertising spending is traditionally seasonally strong in the second half of each year, reflecting the impact of seasonal back to school, game release and holiday season advertising spending by brands and advertisers. We believe that this seasonality in advertising spending affects our quarterly results, which generally reflect relatively higher advertising revenue in the second half of each year, compared to the first half of the year. Results of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 We derived the financial data as of and for the Fiscal Years 2024 and 2023, set forth below, from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein, and should be read in conjunction with those audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto, as well as the information found under this section. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in future periods. 48 Table of Contents The following table sets forth a summary of our results of operations for Fiscal Years 2024 and 2023: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, Change 2024 2023 $ % REVENUE $ 16,182,000 $ 25,079,000 $ (8,897,000 ) (35 )% COST OF REVENUE 10,080,000 15,297,000 (5,217,000 ) (34 )% GROSS PROFIT 6,102,000 9,782,000 (3,680,000 ) (38 )% OPERATING EXPENSE Selling, marketing and advertising 9,822,000 12,450,000 (2,628,000 ) (21 )% Engineering, technology and development 4,447,000 9,500,000 (5,053,000 ) (53 )% General and administrative 8,731,000 10,258,000 (1,527,000 ) (15 )% Contingent consideration (144,000 ) 1,075,000 (1,219,000 ) (113 )% Loss on intangible asset disposal - 9,336,000 (9,336,000 ) (100 )% Total operating expense 22,856,000 42,619,000 (19,763,000 ) (46 )% NET LOSS FROM OPERATIONS (16,754,000 ) (32,837,000 ) (16,083,000 ) (49 )% OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET 280,000 2,194,000 (1,914,000 ) (87 )% Loss before (provision for) benefit from income taxes (16,474,000 ) (30,643,000 ) (14,169,000 ) (46 )% (Provision for) benefit from income taxes (161,000) 313,000 (474,000 ) (151 )% NET LOSS $ (16,635,000 ) $ (30,330,000 ) $ (13,695,000 ) (45 )% Comparison of the Results of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 Revenue Fiscal Year Ended December 31, Change 2024 2023 $ % Media and advertising $ 6,696,000 $ 10,919,000 $ (4,223,000 ) (39 )% Publishing and content studio 8,607,000 12,732,000 (4,125,000 (32 )% Direct to consumer 879,000 1,428,000 (549,000 ) (38 )% $ 16,182,000 $ 25,079,000 $ (8,897,000 ) (35 )% Fiscal Year 2024 2023 Number of customers > 10% of revenue / percent of revenue Two / 20% One / 14% By revenue category: Advertising and sponsorships One / 10% One / 3% Publishing and content studio One / 10% One / 11% ● Total revenue decreased $8.9 million, or 35% to $16.2 million, compared to $25.1 million in the comparable prior year period. The decrease in revenue for the periods presented reflected a mix of industry softness in ad sales, stemming from macro environmental factors including consumer spending softness, continued market education and adoption of immersive platforms as a marketing channel, structural shifts in platform ad ecosystems, the shift of certain revenues and program start delays to future periods by advertisers, and a reduction in Minehut related media sales revenues in connection with the sale of our Minehut digital property in the first quarter of 2024. ● Media and advertising revenue decreased $4.2 million, or 39%, to $6.7 million, compared to $10.9 million in the comparable prior year period. The change reflected a $3.2 million decrease in on-platform related media sales revenue and a $1.2 million decrease in influencer marketing revenue, partially offset by a $162,000 increase in off-platform related media sales revenue. The decrease in on-platform related media revenue reflects the impact of the sale of our Minehut Assets discussed above. Minehut related media sales for Fiscal year 2024 and 2023 totaled $1.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively. ● Publishing and content studio revenue decreased $4.1 million, or 32%, to $8.6 million, compared to $12.7 million in the comparable prior year period. Revenue for Fiscal Year 2023 included a significant custom game development project for a customer totaling approximately $2.7 million. Publishing and content studio revenue for Fiscal Year 2024 included custom game development and immersive experience related revenues for the International Olympic Committee (“IOC”), Google, Inc., Visa, Inc., Maybelline, Claire’s, Kraft Lunchables, Skechers, The Lego Group, DreamWorks: The Wild Robot, Avid Technology, Universal Pictures, American Heart Association, American Egg Board, Bandi Namco Entertainment America Inc, Lionsgate Ancillary LLC, Logitech Inc., and Paramount Global/Viacom CBS Inc., among others. Publishing and content studio revenues for Fiscal Year 2023 included revenues for immersive experiences for Kraft Lunchables, Lego, Dave & Busters, Proctor & Gamble, Yas Island, Hamiliton, Arm & Hammer, Universal Pictures, “Trolls Band Together,” Universal Pictures, “Migration”, Canon and Motorola Solutions. ● Direct to consumer revenue decreased $549,000, or 38%, to $879,000, compared to $1.4 million in the comparable prior year period. The decrease primarily reflects the impact of the sale of our Minehut Assets in the first quarter of 2024, which prior to the sale, generated direct to consumer Minecraft server related subscription revenues for the Company. Minehut direct to consumer related revenues for Fiscal year 2024 and 2023 totaled $140,000 and $576,000, respectively. 49 Table of Contents Cost of Revenues Cost of revenue includes direct costs incurred in connection with the satisfaction of performance obligations under our revenue arrangements including internal and third-party engineering, creative, content, broadcast and other personnel, talent and influencers, internal and third-party game developers, content capture and production services, direct marketing, cloud services, software, prizing, and revenue sharing fees. Cost of revenue fluctuates period to period based on the specific programs and revenue streams contributing to revenue each period and the related cost profile of our immersive digital experiences, media and advertising campaigns and publishing and content studio sales activities occurring each period. Cost of revenue decreased $5.2 million, or 34%, driven primarily by the 35% decrease in related revenues for the fiscal year periods presented. Operating Expense Fiscal Year Ended December 31, Change 2024 2023 $ % Selling, marketing and advertising $ 9,822,000 $ 12,450,000 $ (2,628,000 ) (21 )% Engineering, technology and development 4,447,000 9,500,000 (5,053,000 ) (53 )% General and administrative 8,731,000 10,258,000 (1,527,000 ) (15 )% Contingent consideration (144,000 ) 1,075,000 (1,219,000 ) (113 )% Loss on intangible asset disposal - 2,284,000 (2,284,000 ) (100 )% Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill - 7,052,000 (7,052,000 ) (100 )% Total operating expense $ 22,856,000 $ 42,619,000 $ (19,763,000 ) (46 )% Noncash Stock-Based Compensation Expense Noncash stock-based compensation expense for the periods presented was included in the following operating expense line items: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, Change 2024 2023 $ % Selling, marketing and advertising $ 488,000 $ 879,000 $ (391,000 ) (44 )% Engineering, technology and development 30,000 219,000 (189,000 ) (86 )% General and administrative 771,000 1,637,000 (866,000 ) (53 )% Total noncash stock-based compensation expense $ 1,289,000 $ 2,735,000 $ (1,446,000 ) (53 )% ● The net decrease in noncash stock compensation expense was primarily due to a $495,000 reduction in noncash stock compensation expense due to the Executive Grant Modifications and Employee Grant Modifications described below, including accelerated vesting due to partial vesting of a portion of the replacement grants in the prior year period, a $248,000, decrease due to net reductions in headcount in the current and prior year period, and a $444,000 reduction in connection with the granting of the Modified PSUs, with accelerated amortization in the prior year period, due to the market based vesting conditions and use of a Monte Carlo simulation model and lower grant date fair values reflecting lower stock prices on the applicable grant date, compared to the Original PSUs expensed in the prior year period. The overall reduction in noncash stock compensation expense also reflects the decrease in the average grant date fair values for equity awards expensed during Fiscal Year 2024, compared to Fiscal Year 2023. Modifications to Equity-Based Awards ● On January 1, 2022, the Company issued 67,500 performance stock units (“Original PSUs”) under the Company’s 2014 Amended and Restated Stock Option and Incentive Plan, which vest in five equal increments of 13,500 PSUs, based on satisfaction of certain market based vesting conditions. The Original PSUs were fully expensed as of June 30, 2023. Noncash stock compensation expense related to the Original PSUs totaled $0 and $299,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. ● On April 30, 2023, the Board approved the cancellation of the 67,500 Original PSUs previously granted to certain executives (four plan participants in total) under the 2014 Plan (as described above). In exchange for the cancelled Original PSUs, the executives were granted an aggregate of 67,500 PSUs, which vest, over a five-year term, upon the Company’s common stock achieving certain VWAP goals as described at Note 8, elsewhere herein (“Modified PSUs”). Total incremental compensation cost related to the Modified PSUs totaled $540,000 which is recognized prospectively over the implied service period, ranging from .69 years to 1.5 years, calculated in connection with the Monte Carlo simulation model used to determine the fair value of the equity awards immediately before and after the modifications. Net noncash stock compensation expense related to the Modified PSUs totaled $130,000 and $351,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 50 Table of Contents ● On April 30, 2023, the Board approved the cancellation of certain stock options to purchase an aggregate of 58,951 shares of the Company’s common stock previously granted to certain executives and employees (six plan participants in total) under the Company’s 2014 Amended and Restated Employee Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”), with an average exercise price of approximately $56.40. In addition, the Board approved the cancellation of certain warrants to purchase an aggregate of 26,100 shares of the Company’s common stock previously granted to certain executives and employees, with an average exercise price of approximately $199.80. In exchange for the cancelled options and warrants, certain executives and employees were granted options to purchase an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock under the 2014 Plan, at an exercise price of $9.80 (the closing price of the Company’s common stock as listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market on April 28, 2023, the last trading day before the approval of the awards), with one-third of the options vesting on the April 30, 2023, the grant date, with the remainder vesting monthly over the thirty-six month period thereafter, subject to continued service (“Executive Grant Modifications”) (collectively, “Modified Executive Grants”). The grant and exercise of the Modified Executive Grants was contingent upon the Company receiving approval from its stockholders to increase the number of shares available under the 2014 Plan, which was obtained in connection with the Company’s 2023 annual shareholder meeting in September 2023. As such, the grant date and the commencement of noncash stock compensation amortization for the Modified Executive Grants was September 7, 2023. Total incremental compensation cost related to the Modified Executive Grants totaled $347,000, $112,000 of which related to vested awards as of the modification date and was recognized as expense immediately, and $235,000 related to unvested awards which is recognized prospectively over the remaining service period of 3 years. Net noncash stock compensation expense related to the Modified Executive Grants totaled $221,000 and $573,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. ● On May 1, 2023, the Board approved the cancellation of options to purchase an aggregate of 29,224 shares of the Company’s common stock previously granted to its employees (68 plan participants in total) under the 2014 Plan, in exchange for newly issued options to purchase an aggregate of 63,900 shares of the Company’s common stock under the 2014 Plan, at an exercise price equal to the closing trading price on May 1, 2023, or $9.81, with a range of zero to one-third of the options vesting on the May 1, 2023, the grant date, dependent upon the tenure of the employee, and the remainder vesting monthly over the forty-eight month period thereafter, subject to continued service (“Employee Grant Modifications”)(collectively, “Modified Employee Grants”). Unrecognized compensation expense related to the original award as of the date of the Employee Grant Modifications totaled $960,000 which is recognized prospectively over the remaining service period of 4 years. Total incremental compensation cost related to the Modified Employee Grants totaled $449,000, $101,000 of which related to vested awards as of the modification date and was recognized as expense immediately, and $348,000 related to unvested awards which is recognized prospectively over the remaining service period of 4 years. Net noncash stock compensation expense related to the Modified Employee Grants totaled $158,000 and $300,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Intangible Asset Amortization Expense Intangible asset amortization expense for the periods presented was included in the following operating expense line items: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, Change 2024 2023 $ % Sales, marketing and advertising $ 773,000 $ 2,125,000 $ (1,352,000 ) (64 )% Engineering, technology and development 1,070,000 2,331,000 (1,261,000 ) (54 )% General and administrative 701,000 782,000 (81,000 ) (10 )% Total amortization expense $ 2,544,000 $ 5,238,000 $ (2,694,000 ) (51 )% The net decrease in amortization expense was primarily due to a $7.1 million write-down of our partner relationship related intangible assets in the fourth quarter of Fiscal Year 2023, comprised of our Microsoft Minecraft server and InPvP developed technology intangible assets originally acquired in connection with the acquisition of Mobcrush, Inc. in June 2021. The write-down resulted in a $7.1 million decrease in the carrying value of the related intangible assets as of December 31, 2023, and a corresponding decrease in scheduled future quarterly and annual amortization expense for the remaining carrying value of the applicable intangible assets, commencing in the first quarter of 2024 (remaining carrying value totaled $860,000 as of December 31, 2023). Amortization expense related to our partner relationship related intangible assets, comprised of our Microsoft Minecraft server and InPvP developed technology intangible assets, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $200,000 and $2,009,000, respectively. In addition, as described above, the Company sold its Minehut related assets to GamerSafer, Inc., with a carrying value of $475,000 as of February 26, 2024, the date of sale, resulting in a net decrease in related amortization expense for Fiscal Year 2024. Minehut asset related amortization expense totaled $86,000 and $682,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 51 Table of Contents In June 2023, the Company assigned the intangible assets originally acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Bannerfy in fiscal year 2021, to the original sellers. The assets were disposed of in connection with management’s review of operations and decision to allocate resources elsewhere. As a result, in the second quarter of 2023, the Company recorded a write-off of net developed technology related intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition of Bannerfy totaling $2,284,000. Amortization expense for the disposed Bannerfy related intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $0 and $201,000, respectively. Selling, Marketing and Advertising Selling, marketing and advertising expense decreased $2.6 million or 21%, primarily due a $1.4 million, or 64% reduction in amortization expense related to the write-down of our partner relationship related intangible assets as described above, an $874,000, or 63% decrease in sales commission and performance based compensation primarily due to the related decrease in revenues for the periods presented, and a $391,000, or 44% net decrease in selling and marketing personnel related noncash stock compensation expense as described above. Engineering, Technology and Development For the periods presented, components of our platform are available on a “free to use,” “always on basis,” and are utilized and offered as an audience acquisition tool, as a means of growing our audience, engagement, viewership, players and community. Engineering, technology and development related operating expense include the costs described below, incurred in connection with our audience acquisition and viewership expansion activities. Engineering, technology and development related operating expense includes (i) allocated internal engineering personnel expense, including salaries, noncash stock compensation, taxes and benefits, (ii) third-party contract software development and engineering expense, (iii) internal use software cost amortization expense, and (iv) technology platform related cloud services, broadband and other platform expense, incurred in connection with our audience acquisition and viewership expansion activities, including tools and product offering development, testing, minor upgrades and features, free to use services, corporate information technology and general platform maintenance and support. Capitalized internal use software development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the software’s estimated useful life. Engineering, technology and development costs decreased $5.1 million, or 53%, driven primarily by the following: ● Decrease in cloud services and other technology platform costs totaling $1.6 million, or 67%, and a decrease in product and engineering personnel and noncash stock compensation expense totaling $2.0 million, or 48%, and $189,000, or 86%, respectively, reflecting the impact of related personnel and other cost reduction activities, including the sale of our Minehut assets. ● Decrease in developed technology related intangible asset amortization expense totaling $1.3 million, or 54% resulting primarily from the write-down of our Microsoft Minecraft Server, InPvP developed technology and Bannerfy technology related intangible assets, respectively, during Fiscal Year 2023, as described above. General and Administrative General and administrative expense for the periods presented was comprised of the following: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, Change 2024 2023 $ % Personnel costs $ 1,805,000 $ 2,605,000 $ (800,000 ) (31 )% Office and facilities 179,000 202,000 (23,000 ) (11 )% Professional fees 1,016,000 798,000 218,000 27 % Stock-based compensation 771,000 1,638,000 (867,000 ) (53 )% Depreciation and amortization 770,000 866,000 (96,000 ) (11 )% Other 4,190,000 4,149,000 41,000 1 % Total general and administrative expense $ 8,731,000 $ 10,258,000 $ (1,527,000 ) (15 )% The net decrease in general and administrative expense for the periods presented was primarily due to the following: ● Personnel costs decreased due to headcount reductions in various corporate, general and administrative functions in connection with ongoing cost reduction and optimization activities. ● Professional fees expense increased in Fiscal Year 2024 due to additional audit and third-party valuation fees incurred in connection with various Fiscal Year 2023 complex, nonstandard transactions, including the Melon Acquisition and various technical accounting related aspects associated with preferred stock outstanding, and related freestanding equity instruments. 52 Table of Contents ● Noncash stock compensation expense included in general and administrative expense decreased primarily due to a $244,000 net reduction in noncash stock compensation expense in connection with the Executive Grant Modification described above, and a $204,000 net reduction due to reductions in headcount and equity awards granted in prior periods that where fully vested during Fiscal Year 2024 or prior, with higher average grant date fair values than equity awards granted and included in expense subsequent to December 31, 2023. The decrease also reflects a $359,000 net reduction in noncash stock compensation expense in connection with the Original PSUs, with an estimated average grant date fair value of $36.16, and which were fully expensed as of September 30, 2023, and the Modified PSUs, with an average grant date fair value of $8.00 and are amortized on an accelerated basis over the implied service period due to the utilization of a Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the estimated fair value of the equity-based award. ● Other expense for Fiscal Year 2024 included noncash legal settlement expense incurred in connection with the Pioneer Settlement, described at Note 10 to the Financial Statements accompanying this Report, comprised of $516,000 of noncash expense in connection with the issuance of 550,000 shares of common stock to Pioneer; the noncash incremental fair value totaling $283,000, related to Pioneer and other AA AIRs (see Note 7 to the Financial Statements accompanying this Report), which were modified to include a reduction in exercise price and an extension of the exercise term, as described at Note 7; and a $164,000 noncash legal settlement charge related to the adjustment of the estimated fair value (i.e. mark-to-market), as of the issuance date, for common stock issued pursuant to the Note Holder Settlement Agreement, as described at Note 10. The increase was partially offset by a reduction in information technology, insurance and other corporate costs in connection with ongoing cost reduction activities. Other expense for Fiscal Year 2023 included noncash legal settlement expense incurred in connection with the settlement of matters involving the Note Holders (as defined at Note 6) related to certain claims arising from an interpretation of certain rights that the Note Holders had pursuant to the terms of the SPA (as defined at Note 6). On March 12, 2024, the Company and the Note Holders (the “Parties”) executed a Mutual General Release and Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) settling all claims between the Parties with respect to the SPA. In consideration for the Settlement Agreement, the Company agreed to issue an aggregate amount of 500,000 shares of common stock (the “Settlement Payment”). The Company accrued the fair value of the Settlement Payment as of December 31, 2023, resulting in a noncash settlement charge of $760,000 which is included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Contingent Consideration Super Biz Acquisition In connection with the Super Biz Acquisition described at Note 5, under ASC 805, a contingent consideration arrangement in which the payments are automatically forfeited if employment terminates is considered to be compensation for post-combination services, and not acquisition consideration. As such, the Contingent Consideration, is accounted for as post-combination services and expensed in the period that payment of any amounts of Contingent Consideration is determined to be probable and reasonably estimable. Contingent Consideration was originally recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets in accordance with ASC 480, which requires freestanding financial instruments where the company must or could settle the obligation by issuing a variable number of its shares, and the obligation’s monetary value is based solely or predominantly on variations in something other than the fair value of the company’s shares, to be recorded as a liability at fair value and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. The change in accrued Super Biz Contingent Consideration and the related impact on our consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented was comprised of the following: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Beginning balance $ 1,670,000 $ 3,206,000 Change in fair value (3) (9,000 ) 137,000 Current period accrued contingent consideration 142,000 1,750,000 Contingent consideration payments (2) (38,000 ) (3,423,000 ) Issuance of Super Biz Note (as described below) (1) (1,765,000 ) - Accrued contingent consideration (1) $ - $ 1,670,000 (1) As of December 31, 2024, reflects the cash portion of the Super Biz Second Earn Out Period related contingent consideration payable. As of December 31, 2023, includes 27,968 shares of common stock valued at $1.52, the closing price of our common stock as of the applicable period end date. (2) In May 2024, the Company paid accrued contingent consideration related to the Super Biz Second Earn Out Period, comprised of 30,330 shares of our common stock valued at $38,000. In April 2023, the Company paid accrued contingent consideration related to the Initial Earn Out Period, comprised of $2.9 million of cash payments and payment of 49,399 shares of our common stock valued at $548,000. (3) Reflected in the consolidated statements of operations for the applicable period. 53 Table of Contents Issuance of Promissory Note . In August 2024, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to the Founders (as defined at Note 5) in connection with the remaining Super Biz Second Earn Out Period accrued contingent consideration outstanding, with a principal amount totaling approximately $1.8 million, whereby the Company is obligated to pay the outstanding contingent consideration on the following repayment terms (“Super Biz Note”): (i) upon receipt of new equity funding in the aggregate amount of $3.0 million or more subsequent to the date of the Super Biz Note, in one transaction or series of transactions, the Super Biz Note shall be repaid with interest in four (4) equal monthly installments commencing on the initial closing date of such equity funding; (ii) upon receipt of new equity funding in the aggregate amount of $5.0 million or more subsequent to the date of the Super Biz Note, in one transaction or series of transactions, the Super Biz Note shall be repaid with interest in three (3) equal monthly installments commencing on the initial closing date of such equity funding; (iii) upon new equity funding received by the Company in the aggregate amount of $7.0 million or more subsequent to the date of the Super Biz Note, in one transaction or series of transactions, the Super Biz Note shall be repaid with interest in two (2) equal monthly installments commencing on the initial closing date of such equity funding; or (iv) in the event none of subsections 2(i)-(iii) occur, then the Super Biz Note shall be repaid in full on June 1, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”). Interest accrues on the outstanding principal at the rate of 8.5% per annum, and accrues until the earlier of (i) repayment of the Super Biz Note in full, or (ii) the Maturity Date; provided, however, during the existence of an event of default, as defined in the Super Biz Note, interest shall accrue on all outstanding principal at the contractual default rate, as defined in the Super Biz Note. Super Biz Note related interest expense for Fiscal Year 2024 totaled $64,000. All outstanding principal and accrued interest may be prepaid by the Company prior to the Maturity Date at the election of the Company. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, as defined in the Super Biz Note, the Founders may at any time declare all unpaid obligations to be immediately due and payable. Melon Acquisition On May 4, 2023, Super League entered into the Melon Purchase Agreement with Melon, pursuant to which the Company acquired the Melon Assets. In connection with the Melon Acquisition described at Note 5, contingent consideration is recorded as a liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in accordance with ASC 480, which requires freestanding financial instruments where the Company must or could settle the obligation by issuing a variable number of its shares, and the obligation’s monetary value is based solely or predominantly on variations in something other than the fair value of the company’s shares, to be recorded as a liability at fair value and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the Melon Contingent Consideration on the valuation date was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model and measured using Level 3 inputs. Assumptions utilized in connection with utilization of the Monte Carlo simulation model as of December 31, 2024 included a risk free interest rate of 4.79%, a volatility rate of 70%, a closing stock price of $2.15 and a discount rate of 30%. The change in fair value, which is included in contingent consideration expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented was comprised of the following: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Beginning balance $ 538,000 $ - Contingent Consideration – Initial accrual – May 2023 - 1,350,000 Change in fair value (4) (148,000 ) (682,000 ) Current period accrued contingent consideration (130,000 ) 61,000 Post closing adjustments (2) - (191,000 ) Contingent consideration payments (3) (122,000 ) - Accrued contingent consideration (1) $ 138,000 $ 538,000 (1) As of December 31, 2024, the accrual for the Second Earn Out Period included 35,775 shares of common stock valued at $0.62, the closing price of our common stock as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the accrual for the First Earn Out Period totaling $333,000, included 72,118 shares of common stock valued at $1.52, the closing price of our common stock as of December 31, 2023. 54 Table of Contents (2) The Melon Purchase Agreement provided for adjustments to the calculated Melon Contingent Consideration amounts to account for advanced payments made to Melon from customers prior to the Melon Acquisition Date, for which the corresponding work was not performed as of the Melon Acquisition Date. (3) In May 2024, the Company paid Melon Accrued Contingent consideration related to the Melon First Earn Out Period, comprised of $32,000 of cash payments and payment of 72,118 shares of our common stock valued at $90,000 on the date of issuance. (4) Reflected in the consolidated statements of operations for the applicable period. Loss on intangible asset disposal In June 2023 , the Company assigned the intangible assets originally acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Bannerfy in fiscal year 2021, to the original sellers. The assets were disposed of in connection with management’s review of operations and decision to allocate resources elsewhere. As a result, the Company recorded a disposal of net developed technology related intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition of Bannerfy totaling $2,284,000, which is included in “Loss on intangible asset disposal” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for Fiscal Year 2023. Intangible Asset Impairment Impairment Charges. In the fourth quarter of Fiscal Year 2023 we recorded a non-cash impairment charge related to our partner relationship related intangible assets, comprised of our Microsoft Minecraft server and InPvP developed technology intangible assets originally acquired in connection with the acquisition of Mobcrush, Inc. in June 2021. The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment review, include significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, and significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy in the context of our overall business. Due to underperformance relative to historical and projected future operating results and a decision to deploy resources in other areas of the business, we performed an impairment analysis and determined that the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the assets was less than the carrying amount of the assets, resulting in an impairment loss totaling $7.1 million, which is recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for Fiscal Year 2023. The fair value was determined using a discounted cash flow approach, with cash flow projections over the remaining life of the intangible assets of five years and a discount rate of 16% based on the Company’s estimated cost of capital. The impairment charge was based on the difference between the calculated fair value of the intangible assets totaling $860,000 and the carrying value of the applicable intangible assets which totaled $7,912,000 as of December 31, 2023. There were no intangible asset impairment charges recorded for the year ended December 31, 2024. Other Income (Expense) Gain on Sale of Minehut Assets On February 29, 2024, the Company sold its Minehut related assets (“Minehut Assets”) to GamerSafer, in a transaction approved by the Board. Pursuant to the GS Agreement, the Company will receive $1.0 million of purchase consideration (“Minehut Purchase Consideration”) for the Minehut Assets, which amount will be paid by GamerSafer in revenue and royalty sharing over a multiple-year period, as described in the GS Agreement. Other than with respect to the GS Agreement, there is no relationship between the Company or its affiliates with GamerSafer or its affiliates. The transaction allows Super League to streamline its position in partnering with major brands to build, market, and operate 3D experiences across multiple immersive platforms, including open gaming powerhouses like Minecraft, and aligns with the Company’s cost improvement initiatives. Super League and GamerSafer will maintain a commercial relationship which ensures that Minehut can remain an ongoing destination available to Super League’s partners. The carrying value of Minehut related assets totaled $475,000 as of February 26, 2024, comprised of total carrying costs of $1,671,000, net of accumulated amortization of $1,196,000, and historically were included in intangible assets, net in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company initially recorded a receivable for the total estimated Minehut Purchase Consideration totaling $619,000, of which $224,000 was included in prepaid expense and other current assets and $395,000 was included in other receivables in noncurrent assets, and recognized a gain on sale of the Minehut Assets totaling $144,000, which was included in other income in the consolidated statements of operations. The Minehut Purchase Consideration in the GS Agreement is variable pursuant to the guidance set forth in ASC 606. Under ASC 606, purchase consideration is variable if the amount the Company will receive is contingent on future events occurring or not occurring, even though the amount itself is fixed. As such, the Company estimated the amount of consideration to which the Company will be entitled, in exchange for transferring the Minehut Assets to GamerSafer, utilizing the expected value method which is the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration outcomes over the applicable contractual payment period, resulting in an estimated receivable of $619,000. Amounts collected over and above the estimated purchase consideration recorded at contract inception, if any, will be recognized as additional gains on the sale of Minehut Assets when realized in future periods, up to the $1.0 million stated contractual amount of Minehut Purchase Consideration. Additional gains recorded subsequent to the sale and initial accounting for the transaction totaled $39,000, resulting in a cumulative gain on sale for Fiscal Year 2024 totaling $183,000. 55 Table of Contents Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability Series AAA Junior -3 and Series AAA Junior – 4 Warrants The Series AAA Junior-3 and Series AAA Junior-4 subscription agreements entered into in September 2024, included the sale of an aggregate of 1,096 units (the “Units”), each Unit consisting of (i) one share of newly designated Series AAA-3 Junior Convertible Preferred Stock or Series AAA-4 Junior Convertible Preferred Stock, as reflected in the table above, and (ii) a warrant to purchase 1,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “September 2024 Series AAA Junior Investor Warrants”), at a purchase price of $1,000 per Unit, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $1,096,000. The Investor Warrants are exercisable at $1.00 per share at the option of the holder, subject to adjustment, are exercisable immediately upon issuance and expire three years from the respective issue dates of the Units, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations. The Investor Warrants contain customary adjustments in the event of stock splits, stock dividends and other corporate events, and contain price-based anti-dilution protections. Any price-based anti-dilution adjustments are conditioned on, and subject to, Stockholder Approval. The September 2024 Series AAA Junior Investor Warrant agreements also contain a provision that states that, upon exercise of the warrant by an investor, if for any reason the company fails to deliver the shares by the settlement date, the investor can require the company to make a cash payment (“Buy-In Provision”). The cash payment would be based on the amount (if any) that the investor lost by having to purchase shares in the open market because of the company’s failure to deliver the shares. As a result of the Buy-In Provision, the ability to deliver shares upon exercise of the Investor Warrants in every circumstance is generally not within the control of the Company as contemplated by the accounting standards, and thus, a partial cash settlement may be required outside of the Company’s control. As such, the September 2024 Series AAA Junior Investor Warrants do not meet the requirements for equity classification, and therefore, the fair value of the September 2024 Series AAA Junior Investor Warrants are recorded as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. Refer to the table below. Placement Agent Warrants The Placement Agent Warrants issued in connection with the Series A Preferred Stock, Series AA Preferred Stock and Series AAA Preferred Stock (including the Exchange), described above, include provisions that are triggered in the event of the occurrence of a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the underlying warrant agreement, which contemplates the potential for certain transactions that result in a third-party acquiring more than 50% of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company for cash or other assets. Given the existence of multiple classes of voting stock for the Company, as described above, the Fundamental Transaction provisions in the warrant agreements could result in a 50% or more change in ownership of outstanding common stock, without a 50% change in voting interests. As such, the Placement Agent Warrants are not eligible for the scope exception under ASC 815, and therefore, the fair value of the Placement Agent Warrants are recorded as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value and change in the fair value of the warrant liability, measured using Level 3 inputs, and the related income statement impact was comprised of the following for the applicable periods presented: For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Series AAA Junior-3 and Series AAA Junior-4 Warrants: Beginning balance $ - $ - Initial fair value of warrant liability – grant date (1) 346,000 - Change in fair value 2,000 - Subtotal - fair value of warrant liability - Series AAA Junior -3 and Series AAA Junior – 4 Warrants 348,000 - Placement Agent Warrants: Beginning balance $ 1,571,000 $ - Initial fair value of warrant liability – grant date (1) 133,000 4,469,000 Change in fair value (1,117,000 ) (2,898,000 ) Subtotal - fair value of warrant liability – Placement Agent Warrants 587,000 1,571,000 Total fair value of warrant liability $ 935,000 $ 1,571,000 (1) Estimated fair value on the date of issuance. 56 Table of Contents Interest Expense Interest expense for the periods presented was comprised of the following: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Super Biz Note: Accrued Interest $ 64,000 $ - Hudson Note: Interest expense, including accrued interest 194,000 - Change in fair value 225,000 - RP Note: Interest expense, including accrued interest 71,000 - Change in fair value (62,000 ) - SLR Facility: Interest expense and other fees 63,000 3,000 Other 4,000 47,000 Total interest expense $ 559,000 $ 50,000 Loss on Extinguishment of Liability In August 2024, the Company issued the Super Biz Note to the Founders in connection with the remaining Super Biz Second Earn Out Period accrued contingent consideration outstanding, with a principle amount totaling approximately $1.8 million. Interest accrues on the outstanding principal at the rate of 8.5% per annum, and accrues until the earlier of (i) repayment of the Super Biz Note in full, or (ii) the Maturity Date. In addition, in connection with the issuance of the Super Biz Note, during the period commencing January 2, 2025 and concluding on January 6, 2025, the Company will issue 262,501 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Founders, valued at $336,000, based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of issuance of Super Biz Note. The issuance of the Super Biz Note in exchange for the related accrued contingent consideration balance was accounted for as an extinguishment of the original liability due to the fact that the present value of the cash flows under the terms of Super Biz Note was determined to be at least 10 percent different from the present value of the remaining cash flows under the terms of the original obligation. As a result, a gain on extinguishment totaling $336,000 was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations, and credited to additional paid in capital (included in “Other” in the consolidated statements of stockholder’s equity), for Fiscal Year 2024, primarily comprised of the fair value of the 262,501 shares of restricted stock to be issued, as described above. The default interest provision included in the Super Biz Note represents an embedded derivative with a fair value of $171,000 as of August 1, 2024, the date of issuance of the Super Biz Note. The fair value of the derivative liability is included in the December 31, 2024 consolidated balance sheet under the caption “Promissory note – contingent consideration,” and is required to be marked to market at each balance sheet date. The change in fair value of the derivative liability totaled ($94,000) for Fiscal Year 2024. Loss on Exchange of Placement Agent Warrants In December 2023, as further described in Note 7, with respect to shares of Series AAA Preferred Stock issued in exchange for shares of Series A Preferred and Series AA Preferred, in the Series AAA Offerings (the “Exchange”), the Placement Agent exchanged previously issued Placement Agent Warrants to purchase 88,403 shares of common stock of the Company that were issued in connection with the Company’s Series A Offerings and Series AA Offerings, at exercise prices ranging from $7.60 to $13.41 per share, for new Placement Agent Warrants to purchase a total of 347,428 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.674 per share and 199,778 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.71 per share. The terms of the new Placement Agent Warrants and the original placement agent warrants (recorded as a liability under ASC 815) was determined to be substantially different based on an analysis of the fair value of each instrument immediately before and after the modification, resulting in a loss on extinguishment, recognized in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations for Fiscal Year 2023, totaling $681,000. 57 Table of Contents Debt Issuance Costs The Company paid debt issuance costs totaling $180,000 in connection with the issuance of the Agile Note as described at Note, which is included in “Other” in Other Income and expense in the consolidated statements of operations for FY 2024. (Provision) Benefit for Income Taxes Provision for income taxes for Fiscal Year 2024, totaling $161,000, reflects noncash tax expense recorded in connection with the tax treatment of changes in contingent consideration payable as of December 31, 2024. A corresponding deferred tax liability totaling $161,000 is reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. In June 2023, the Company assigned the intangible assets originally acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Bannerfy, Ltd. (“Bannerfy”)(the “Bannerfy Acquisition”) in 2021, to the original sellers, as described at Note 4. The Bannerfy Acquisition was treated for tax purposes as a nontaxable transaction and, as such, the historical tax bases of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, net operating losses, and other tax attributes of Bannerfy carried over, with no step-up to fair value of the underlying tax bases of the acquired net assets. The acquisition method of accounting included the establishment of a net deferred tax liability resulting from book tax basis differences related to assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the date of acquisition. When an acquisition of a group of assets is purchased in a transaction that is not accounted for as a business combination under FASB ASC Topic 805 – Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), a difference between the book and tax bases of the assets arises. FASB ASC Topic 740 – Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), required the use of simultaneous equations to determine the assigned value of the asset and the related deferred tax asset or liability. As a result of the disposal of the Bannerfy intangible assets, the Company fully amortized the related remaining net deferred tax liability, resulting in a $313,000 tax benefit reflected in the consolidated statements of operations for Fiscal Year 2023. Liquidity and Capital Resources General Cash and cash equivalents totaled approximately $1.3 million and $7.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change in cash and cash equivalents for the periods presented reflects the impact of operating, investing and financing cash flow related activities, as described below. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company incurred net losses as disclosed in the consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented herein, and had an accumulated deficit of $270.0 million as of December 31, 2024. Noncash stock compensation, amortization and impairment charges for Fiscal Year 2024 and 2023 totaled $3.9 million and $17.4 million, respectively. For Fiscal Years 2024 and 2023, net cash used in operating activities totaled $11.5 million and $15.5 million, respectively. To date, our principal sources of capital used to fund our operations and growth have been the net proceeds received from equity and debt financings. We have and will continue to use significant capital for the growth and development of our business, and, as such, we expect to seek additional capital either from operations, or that may be available from future issuance(s) of common stock, preferred stock and / or debt financings, to fund our planned operations. Accordingly, our results of operations and the implementation of our long-term business strategies have been and could continue to be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy, including conditions that are outside of our control. The most recent global financial crisis caused by severe geopolitical conditions, including conflicts abroad, and the threat of other outbreaks or pandemics, have resulted in extreme volatility, disruptions and downward pressure on stock prices and trading volumes across the capital and credit markets in which we traditionally operate. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business and could have a material adverse effect on us, including limiting our ability to obtain additional funding from the capital and credit markets. In management’s judgement, these conditions raise substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern as contemplated by FASB ASC 205-40, “Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern,” (“ASC 205”). Management ’ s Plans Entry into Loan Agreements Agile II. On the Agile II Effective Date, the Company entered into the Agile II Loan Agreement, with the Collateral Agent and Agile, pursuant to which the Company issued to Agile a the Agile II Note. Pursuant to the Agile II Loan Agreement: (i) the Agile II Note matures 32 weeks from the Agile II Effective Date; (ii) carries an aggregate total interest payment of approximately $1.05 million, and (iii) immediately upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default (as defined in the Agile Loan Agreement), interest shall accrue at a fixed per annum rate equal to the applicable rate plus five percent. The Company is required to repay all the obligations due under the Agile II Loan Agreement and the Agile II Note in 32 equal payments of $110,937, with the first payment being made to Agile on February 17, 2025, and every seven days thereafter until the maturity date. The proceeds received from the Agile II Note will be used to fund general working capital needs. In connection with entering into the Agile Loan Agreement, the Company was required to pay an administrative fee of $125,000 to the Collateral Agent, which was paid at the closing out of proceeds of the issuance of the Agile II Note. $1.5 million of the Agile II Note was used to repay the remaining balance under the Agile Note, with net proceeds to the Company of approximately $875,000. 58 Table of Contents 1800 Diagonal Lending, LLC . On the Diagonal Effective Date, the Company and Diagonal) entered into the Diagonal Agreement, pursuant to which the Company issued the Diagonal Note in the principal amount of $300,000, for which the Diagonal Note, among other things, (a) matures on December 30, 2025 (unless otherwise accelerated upon an Event of Default (as defined below)) (the “Diagonal Maturity Date”), (b) accrues interest at a rate of 10% per annum on the unpaid principal balance from the Diagonal Issuance Date until the principal and interest becomes due and payable, whether on the Maturity Date or upon acceleration by prepayment or otherwise, (c) interest begins to accrue on the Diagonal Issuance Date but shall not be payable until the Diagonal Note becomes payable, and (d) interest will accrue at a rate of 22% per annum for any amount of principal or interest which is not paid as required under the Diagonal Note, or during an Event of Default. Pursuant to the Diagonal Note, Diagonal has the right, from time to time, and at any time, during the period beginning on the date which is 180 days from the Diagonal Effective Date and ending on the earlier of (a) the Diagonal Maturity Date, or (b) the date of payment of the Default Amount, each in respect of the remaining outstanding amount of the Diagonal Note into fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock at the Conversion Price. Pursuant to the Diagonal Note, the following events, among other things, constitute an Event of Default: (i) failure to pay principal and interest when due; (ii) the Company fails to issue shares of Common Stock upon exercise of Diagonal’s conversion rights under the Diagonal Note; (iii) the Company’s breach of any material covenant or other material term or condition in the Diagonal note or the Diagonal Agreement, and such breach continues for a period of 20 business days after written notice from Diagonal; (iv) any breach of the representations and warranties set forth in both the Diagonal Agreement and the Diagonal Note; (v) the Company institutes any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or applies for or consents to the appointment of a receiver or trustee for it or for a substantial part of its property or business; (vi) the Company institutes, or any proceeding is instated against the Company, relating to any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, or liquidation proceedings; (vii) the Company fails to maintain the listing of its Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market or on the Over The Counter boards or an equivalent exchange; (viii) the Company failing to comply with the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or ceases to be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act; (ix) the Company institutes any dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the Company or any substantial portion of its business; (x) the restatement of any financial statements filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission, if the result of such restatement would have constituted a material adverse effect on the rights of Diagonal; (xi) the Company proposes to replace its transfer agent and fails to provide a fully executed irrevocable transfer agent instructions signed by the successor transfer agent; and (xii) a breach or default by the Company of any covenant or other term or condition contained in any other agreement by the Company, after the passage of all applicable notice and cure or grace periods (each individually an “Event of Default”, and collectively, “Events of Default”). Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default that is enumerated in Section 3.2 of the Diagonal Note, the Diagonal Note shall become immediately due and payable, and the Company shall pay to Diagonal an amount equal to the Default Amount (as defined below), multiplied by two. For other Events of Default not enumerated in Section 3.2 of the Diagonal Note, the Diagonal Note shall become immediately due and payable in an amount equal to 150% times the sum of (a) the then outstanding principal amount of the Diagonal Note, plus (b) accrued and unpaid interest on the unpaid principal amount of the Diagonal Note to the date of payment, plus (c) Default Interest, if any, on the amounts referred to in clauses (a) and/or (b), plus (d) any amounts owed to Diagonal pursuant to Sections 1.3 and 1.4(g) of the Diagonal Note (the then outstanding principal amount of this Note to the date of payment plus the amounts referred to in clauses (b), (c) and (d) shall collectively be known as the “Default Amount”) and all other amounts payable under the Diagonal Note shall immediately become due and payable, together with all costs, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses, of collection, and Diagonal shall be entitled to exercise all other rights and remedies available at law or in equity. The Diagonal Note was issued with an OID of 4.75%, with net proceeds to the Company of approximately $279,000 after giving deducting the OID, reimbursement of Diagonal’s expenses in an amount equal to $7,000, and other estimated offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. Belleau Note Purchase Agreement. On March 28, 2025, we entered into the Belleau Purchase Agreement with Belleau. Pursuant to the Belleau Purchase Agreement, the Company will issue to Belleau the Belleau Notes, with an aggregate principal amount of $1,500,000 (the “Belleau Principal”). The consummation of the sale of the initial Belleau Note was consummated on the Belleau Effective Date, with gross proceeds to the Company of $300,000. The consummation of the sale of the two remaining Belleau Notes will occur in the amounts and on the dates as follows: (a) $600,000 on April 14, 2025; and (b) $600,000 on April 28, 2025. Each of the Belleau Notes: (x) matures on the date that is 12 months from the date of the issuance of each respective Belleau Note; (y) may be prepaid in part or in full at any time by the Company without penalty; and (z) accrues interest at a rate of 20% simple interest per annum. The Belleau Interest that accrues on each respective Belleau Note is payable on each respective Belleau Maturity Date in the form of restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to 20% of the Belleau Principal, calculated at a price per share of $0.35. In the event of a prepayment of any Belleau Note by the Company, the Belleau Interest will be payable in full at the time of such prepayment. The Belleau Note also provides for: (i) standard events of default, including (a) any default in the payment of the Belleau Principal or Belleau Interest on their respective due dates, (b) the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event (as defined in the Belleau Note), or (c) the Company commits any material breach or default of any material provision of the Belleau Note, if not cured within 20 days following the written notice from Belleau specifying in reasonable detail such breach or default (sections (a) through (c), the “Belleau Events of Default”); and (ii) customary provisions, including representations, warranties and covenants, indemnification, waiver of jury trial, arbitration, and the exercise of remedies upon a breach or default. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Belleau Note will bear interest at the default interest rate of 20% per annum, payable in cash, and upon Belleau’s written notice to the Company, all payments of Belleau Principal and Belleau Interest will become immediately due and payable. The Company intends to utilize the proceeds from the sale of the Belleau Notes for working capital and general corporate purposes. Entry into Equity Purchase Agreement On February 14, 2025, the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement (the “Equity Purchase Agreement”) with Hudson Global Ventures, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (“Hudson”). Pursuant to the Equity Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Hudson, and Hudson is obligated to purchase, up to $2.9 million of newly issued shares (the “Total Commitment”) of the Company’s common stock, from time to time during the term of the Equity Purchase Agreement, subject to certain limitations and conditions (the “Hudson Offering”). As consideration for Hudson’s commitment to purchase shares of common stock under the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Hudson 300,000 shares of common stock, valued at $165,000, following the execution of the Equity Purchase Agreement (the “Commitment Shares”). Unless earlier terminated, the Equity Purchase Agreement will automatically terminate upon the earliest of (i) the expiration of the Commitment Period (as defined in the Equity Purchase Agreement), (ii) Hudson’s purchase or receipt of the Total Commitment worth of common stock, or (iii) the occurrence of certain other events set forth in the Equity Purchase Agreement. The Company has the right to terminate the Equity Purchase Agreement at any time after Commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon prior written notice to Hudson. 59 Table of Contents The Company intends to use the net proceeds, if any, from the Hudson Offering for working capital and general corporate purposes, including sales and marketing activities, product development and capital expenditures. The Company may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products and technologies. The Equity Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by the Company, as well as customary indemnification obligations of the Company. In connection with the Equity Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to register the Commitment Shares and the shares issuable pursuant to the Equity Purchase Agreement. Management continues to explore alternatives for raising capital to facilitate our growth and execute our business strategy, including strategic partnerships and/or other forms of equity or debt financings. We may continue to evaluate potential strategic acquisitions. To finance such strategic acquisitions, we may find it necessary to raise additional equity capital, incur debt, or both. Any efforts to seek additional funding could be made through issuances of equity or debt, or other external financing. However, additional funding may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. The capital and credit markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruption periodically and such volatility and disruption may occur in the future. If we fail to obtain additional financing when needed, we may not be able to execute our business plans which, in turn, would have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, our ability to meet our obligations, and our ability to pursue our business strategies. We may continue to evaluate potential strategic acquisitions. To finance such strategic acquisitions, we may find it necessary to raise additional equity capital, incur debt, or both. Any efforts to seek additional funding could be made through issuances of equity or debt, or other external financing. However, additional funding may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. The capital and credit markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruption periodically and such volatility and disruption may occur in the future. If we fail to obtain additional financing when needed, we may not be able to execute our business plans which, in turn, would have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, our ability to meet our obligations, and our ability to pursue our business strategies. Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 The following table summarizes the change in cash and cash equivalents for the periods presented: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Net cash used in operating activities $ (11,462,000 ) $ (15,489,000 ) Net cash used in investing activities (283,000 ) (825,000 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 5,446,000 21,441,000 Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (6,299,000 ) 5,127,000 Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period 7,609,000 2,482,000 Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period $ 1,310,000 $ 7,609,000 Cash Flows from Operating Activities. Net cash used in operating activities during Fiscal Year 2024, primarily reflected our net loss, net of adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities, which included noncash stock compensation charges of $1,289,000, depreciation and amortization charges of $2,612,000, net changes in fair value of warrant liabilities of ($1,115,000) and net changes in working capital of $1,364,000. Changes in working capital primarily reflected the impact of the settlement of receivables and payables in the ordinary course. Net cash used in operating activities during Fiscal Year 2023, primarily reflected our net loss, net of adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities, which included noncash stock compensation charges of $2,735,000, depreciation and amortization charges of $5,376,000, intangible asset impairment charges of $7,052,000, disposal of intangible asset charges of $2,284,000, net changes in fair value of warrant liabilities of ($2,898,000) and net changes in working capital of $116,000. Changes in working capital primarily reflected the impact of the settlement of receivables and payables in the ordinary course and the payment of the cash portion of the Super Biz Contingent Consideration, as described above. 60 Table of Contents Cash Flows from Investing Activities. Cash flows from investing activities were comprised of the following for the periods presented: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Cash paid in connection with the acquisition of Melon, net $ - $ (150,000 ) Proceeds from sale of Minehut Assets 192,000 - Purchase of property and equipment (23,000 ) (8,000 ) Capitalization of software development costs (452,000 ) (650,000 ) Acquisition of other intangible and other assets - (17,000 ) Net cash used in investing activities $ (283,000 ) $ (825,000 ) Sale of Minehut Assets. On February 29, 2024, the Company sold its Minehut Assets to GamerSafer as described above. Pursuant to the GS Agreement, the Company will receive $1.0 million of purchase consideration for the Minehut Assets, which amount will be paid by GamerSafer in revenue and royalty sharing over a multiple-year period, as described in the GS Agreement. During Fiscal Year 2024 we received Minehut Purchase Consideration payments totaling $192,000. Melon Acquisition. On May 4, 2023, we entered the Melon Purchase Agreement with Melon, pursuant to which the Company acquired the Melon Assets, as described above. At the Closing, the Company paid an aggregate total of $900,000 to Melon, of which $150,000 was paid in cash, and the remaining $750,000 was paid in the form of shares of the Company’s common stock, valued at the Melon Closing Share Price, as described above. Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs . Software development costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the software’s estimated useful life, which is generally three years. Software development costs incurred during the preliminary stages of development are charged to expense as incurred. Maintenance and training costs are charged to expense as incurred. Upgrades or enhancements to existing internal-use software that result in additional functionality are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the applicable estimated useful life. Cash Flows from Financing Activities . Cash flows from financing activities were comprised of the following for the periods presented: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs $ 2,393,000 $ 19,295,000 Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs 1,000,000 1,885,000 Proceeds from promissory notes, net 3,257,000 - Payments on promissory notes (396,000 ) - Payments on convertible notes - (539,000 ) Accounts receivable facility advances 1,174,000 - Payments on accounts receivable facility (1,950,000 ) - Contingent consideration payments – Melon Acquisition (32,000 ) - Proceeds from common stock options and purchase warrant exercises - 800,000 Net cash provided by financing activities $ 5,446,000 $ 21,441,000 61 Table of Contents Equity Financings Issuances of Convertible Preferred Stock On the dates set forth in the table below, we entered into subscription agreements with accredited investors in connection with the sale of newly designated series of Convertible Preferred Stock, each series having a $0.001 par value and a $1,000 purchase price, as follows (rounded to the nearest thousands, except share and per share data): Preferred Stock Proceeds Conversion Shares - Common Stock Other Series Designation Closing Date Conversion Prices (2)(3)(4) Shares Purchased/ Issued in Exchange (6) Conversions / Exchanges Outstanding - December 31, 2024 Gross Proceeds Fees Net Proceeds Original Conversions / Exchanges (5) December 31, 2024 Original Placement Agent Warrants (1) A November 22, 2022 $ 12.40 5,359 (5,359 ) - $ 5,359,000 $ 697,000 $ 4,662,000 432,000 (432,000 ) - 62,000 A-2 November 28, 2022 $ 13.29 1,297 (1,297 ) - 1,297,000 169,000 1,128,000 98,000 (98,000 ) - 14,000 A-3 November 30, 2022 $ 13.41 1,733 (1,733 ) - 1,733,000 225,000 1,508,000 129,000 (129,000 ) - 18,000 A-4 December 22, 2022 $ 7.60 1,934 (1,934 ) - 1,934,000 251,000 1,683,000 254,000 (254,000 ) - 36,000 A-5 January 31, 2023 $ 11.09 2,299 (1,519 ) 780 2,299,000 299,000 2,000,000 207,000 (137,000 ) 70,000 30,000 AA April 19, 2023 $9.43/$1.89 7,680 (3,981 ) 3,699 7,680,000 966,000 6,714,000 4,072,000 (2,111,000 ) 1,961,000 112,000 AA-2 April 20, 2023 $10.43/$2.09 1,500 (1,500 ) - 1,500,000 130,000 1,370,000 719,000 (719,000 ) - 17,000 AA-3 April 28, 2023 $9.50/$1.90 1,025 (1,000 ) 25 1,025,000 133,000 892,000 539,000 (526,000 ) 13,000 16,000 AA-4 May 5, 2023 $9.28/$1.86 1,026 (526 ) 500 1,026,000 133,000 893,000 553,000 (283,000 ) 270,000 16,000 AA-5 May 26, 2023 $10.60/$2.12 550 (500 ) 50 550,000 72,000 478,000 259,000 (236,000 ) 23,000 8,000 AAA November 30, 2023 $ 1.67 9,388 (1,993 ) 7,395 5,377,000 645,000 4,732,000 5,608,000 (1,191,000 ) 4,417,000 466,000 AAA-2 December 22, 2023 $ 1.71 5,334 (2,186 ) 3,148 2,978,000 357,000 2,621,000 3,119,000 (1,278,000 ) 1,841,000 253,000 AAA-Junior June 26, 2024 $ 1.25 1,210 (845 ) 365 1,210,000 145,000 1,065,000 968,000 (676,000 ) 292,000 140,000 AAA-Junior - 2 July 10, 2024 $ 1.25 551 (110 ) 441 551,000 66,000 485,000 441,000 (88,000 ) 353,000 64,000 AAA-Junior - 3 September 20, 2024 $ 1.25 697 - 697 697,000 84,000 613,000 558,000 - 558,000 81,000 AAA-Junior – 4 September 30, 2024 $ 1.25 399 - 399 399,000 48,000 351,000 319,000 - 319,000 46,000 41,982 (24,483 ) 17,499 $ 35,615,000 $ 4,420,000 $ 31,195,000 18,275,000 (8,158,000 ) 10,117,000 1,379,000 (1) Pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agent Agreements, we agreed to issue to the Placement Agent, following the final closing under the individual Preferred Stock Offerings (effective as of the respective individual series closing dates), five-year warrants to purchase 14.5% of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the respective series of Convertible Preferred Stock sold in the respective Preferred Stock Offering, at an exercise price equal to the applicable Preferred Stock Offering conversion price. See below for placement agent warrants exchanged in connection with the Exchange. (2) The Conversion price for Series AA Preferred Stock outstanding as of August 23, 2023, totaling 10,706 shares of Series AA Preferred Stock, was adjusted to $2.60 as a result of the Series AA Down Round Feature described below. (3) The Conversion prices for the Series AA Preferred Stock outstanding as of November 30, 2023, totaling 7,322 shares of Series AA Preferred Stock, were adjusted to the conversion prices shown in the table above, as a result of the Series AA Down Round Feature described below. (4) The triggering of the Down Round Feature for the Series AA Preferred Stock, occurring in August 2023, resulted in a deemed dividend totaling $6,446,000, which was charged to retained earnings in the September 30, 2023 consolidated balance sheet. (5) As adjusted to reflect reduction in conversion prices as a result of the Series AA Down Round Feature, described below. (6) Series AAA and Series AAA-2 totals include 4,011 and 2,356 preferred shares, respectively, issued in connection with the Exchange Agreements described below. Use of net proceeds included working capital, general corporate purposes, and certain indebtedness (Series A Preferred only), including sales and marketing activities and product development. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, $719,000 of the net proceeds from the Series A Offerings were utilized in connection with the final redemption of the Notes. 62 Table of Contents Issuances of Common Stock On October 24, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with a certain accredited investor for the registered direct offering of an aggregate of 1,136,364 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Shares”), at a purchase price of $0.88 per Share (the “Registered Direct Offering”). The registered direct offering closed on or about October 25, 2024, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions in the purchase agreement, and resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $1.0 million. On August 21, 2023, we entered into the Underwriting Agreement with the Underwriter (as defined above), relating to the Company’s Common Stock Offering of the Firm Securities to certain investors. Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company also granted the Underwriters the Option to purchase the Option Securities. On September 12, 2023, the Underwriter partially exercised its Option and purchased an additional 32,616 shares of common stock at a price of $2.60 per share. The issuance by the Company of the Option Securities resulted in total gross proceeds of approximately $84,800, before deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and other offering expenses payable by the Company. On August 23, 2023, the Company issued the Firm Securities and closed the Offering at a public price of $2.60 per share, and $2.58 per share underlying each Pre-Funded Warrant, for net proceeds to the Company of approximately $1.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. Each Pre-Funded Warrant had an exercise price per share of common stock equal to $0.001 per share. The Firm Securities were offered, issued, and sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to the Registration Statement under the Securities, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act on August 23, 2023. Debt Financing Agile Promissory Note On November 8, 2024 we entered into the Agile Loan Agreement, with Agile pursuant to which the Company issued to Agile a Confessed Judgment Secured Promissory Note for an aggregate value of $1.85 million (the “Agile Note”). Pursuant to the Agile Loan Agreement: (i) the Agile Note matures 28 weeks from the Effective Date; (ii) carries an aggregate total interest payment of approximately $0.78 million (the “Applicable Rate”), and (iii) immediately upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default (as defined in the Agile Loan Agreement), interest shall accrue at a fixed per annum rate equal to the Applicable Rate plus five percent. The Company is required to repay all the obligations due under the Agile Loan Agreement and the Agile Note in 28 equal payments of $93,821, with the first payment being made to Agile on November 14, 2024, and every seven days thereafter until the Maturity Date. The proceeds received from the Agile Note were used to fund general working capital needs. Pursuant to the Agile Loan Agreement, upon the occurrence of certain events, including (a) a change in the Company’s business other than the business engaged in by the Company on the Effective Date, (b) cause or permit, voluntarily or involuntarily, any Key Person to cease being actively engagement in the management of the Company without prior notice to Agile, (c) a change in control of the Company (expressly excluding the pending transactions with Infinite Reality, Inc.) or otherwise approve the liquidation or dissolution of the Company or its Subsidiary (collectively, a “Change in Business, Management, or Ownership”), or (d) the Term Loan is accelerated upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Company shall be required to immediately pay to Agile an amount equal to the sum of: (i) all outstanding principal of the Agile Note plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the prepayment date, (ii) a fee equal to the aggregate and actual amount of interest (at the contract rate of interest) that would be paid through the Maturity Date (the “Prepayment Fee”), plus (iii) all other obligations that are due and payable, including, without limitation, interest at the Default Rate with respect to any past due amounts. The Company is allowed to make a full prepayment or partial prepayment of any or all of the Obligations arising under the Agile Loan Agreement and the Agile Note, provided, the Company shall be obligated to pay the Prepayment Fee. In connection with entering into the Agile Loan Agreement, the Company was required to pay an administrative fee of $92,500 to the Collateral Agent, which was paid at the closing out of proceeds of the issuance of the Agile Note. Refer to Note 6 for additional details. Related Party Promissory Note On November 19, 2024 we entered into the RP Purchase Agreement with a non-employee member of the Board, or Purchaser. Pursuant to the RP Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to the Purchaser the RP Note in the amount of $1,500,000, for which the RP Note (i) matures on the RP Maturity Date, (ii) may be pre-paid at any time by the Company without penalty, and (iii) accrues interest on the RP Principal at a rate of 40% simple interest per annum. The RP Interest is payable on the RP Maturity Date. In the event of a prepayment of the RP Note by the Company, the RP Interest will be pro-rated for the period the RP Note is outstanding. The Company utilized the proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes. Refer to Note 6 for additional information. 63 Table of Contents Account Receivable Financing Facility We entered into a Financing and Security Agreement (the “SLR Agreement”) with SLR Digital Finance, LLC (“Lender”), effective December 17, 2023 (the “SLR Effective Date”). Pursuant to the SLR Agreement, Lender may, from time to time and in its sole discretion, make certain cash advances to the Company (each an “Advance”, and collectively, “Advances”), against the face amounts of certain uncollected accounts receivable of the Company on an account-by-account basis (each, a “Financed Account”, and collectively, the “Accounts”), at a rate of 85% multiplied by the face value of such Account (the “Advance Rate”), less any reserved funds and any other amounts due to Lender from the Company, up to a maximum aggregate Advance amount of $4,000,000 (the “Maximum Amount”)(the Advances on the Accounts is hereinafter, the “Facility”). Upon receipt of any Advance, the Company will have assigned all of its rights in such receivables and all proceeds thereof. The proceeds received from the Facility are, and will be, used to fund general working capital needs. The SLR Agreement is effective for 24 months from the SLR Effective Date (the “SLR Term”), automatically extends for successive SLR Terms (each, an “SLR Renewal Term”), and the Company is obligated to pay the Lender an early termination fee in the event the SLR Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances prior to the end of any SLR Term or SLR Renewal Term, as more specifically set forth in the SLR Agreement. In connection with the Facility, the Company agreed to, among other things, (i) pay a finance fee equal to 2% of the Maximum Amount, payable in 24 equal monthly installments on the last day of each month of the SLR Term until paid in full, (ii) pay a servicing fee equal to 0.30% multiplied by the actual average daily amount of Advances outstanding at the time of determination (the “Outstanding Amount”) for the applicable month, on the last day of each calendar month during the SLR Term (or so long as any obligations arising under the SLR Agreement are outstanding); (iii) be charged a monthly financing fee (the “Financing Fee”), due upon receipt of full payment of a Financed Account by Lender, equal to 1/12 of (a) the prime rate plus 2% (the “Facility Rate”), multiplied by (b) the amount of the Outstanding Amount; and (iv) utilize the facility such that the monthly average aggregate Advances outstanding is at $400,000 (the “Minimum Utilization”). In the event that the Company’s monthly utilization is less than the applicable Minimum Utilization for any month, the Financing Fee for such month shall be calculated as if the applicable Minimum Utilization has been satisfied. As security for the full and prompt payment and performance of any obligations arising under the SLR Agreement, the Borrowers granted to Lender a continuing first priority security interest in all the assets of the Borrowers. The SLR Agreement also provides for customary provisions, including representations, warranties and covenants, indemnification, waiver of jury trial, arbitration, and the exercise of remedies upon a breach or default. Refer to Note 6 for additional information. Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements As of December 31, 2024, other than as described herein, we had no significant commitments for capital expenditures, nor do we have any committed lines of credit, other committed funding or long-term debt, and no guarantees. As of December 31, 2024 we maintain approximately 1,550 square feet of office space which is leased on a month-to-month basis. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financial guarantees or other off-balance sheet commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as stockholder’s equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or product development services with us. Contingencies Certain conditions may exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management, in consultation with its legal counsel as appropriate, assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company, in consultation with legal counsel, evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims, as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein. If the assessment of a contingency indicates it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable, but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Refer to Note 2 to the accompany consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this Report. 64 Table of Contents Critical Accounting Estimates Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Preparation of our financial statements requires management to make judgments and estimates. Some accounting policies have a significant impact on amounts reported in our financial statements. The SEC has defined a company’s critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results of operations, and which require a company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments. A summary of significant accounting policies and a description of accounting policies that are considered critical may be found in the audited financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere herein. The following accounting policies were identified during the periods presented, based on activities occurring during the periods presented, as critical and requiring significant judgments and estimates. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue from (i) innovative advertising including immersive game world and experience publishing and in-game media products, (ii) content and technology through the production and distribution of our own, advertiser and third-party content, and (iii) direct to consumer offers, including in-game items, e-commerce, game passes and digital collectibles. Revenue is recognized when the Company transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services and when the customer obtains control of the good or service. In this regard, revenue is recognized when: (i) the parties to the contract have approved the contract (in writing, orally, or in accordance with other customary business practices) and are committed to perform their respective obligations; (ii) the entity can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred; (iii) the entity can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred; (iv) the contract has commercial substance (that is, the risk, timing, or amount of the entity’s future cash flows is expected to change as a result of the contract); and (v) it is probable that the entity will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer. We make estimates and judgments when determining whether we will collect substantially all of the consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer. We assess the collectability of receivables based on several factors, including past transaction history and the creditworthiness of our customers. If it is determined that collection is not reasonably assured, amounts due are recognized when collectability becomes reasonably assured, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met, which is generally upon receipt of cash for transactions where collectability may have been an issue. Management’s estimates regarding collectability impact the actual revenue recognized each period and the timing of the recognition of revenue. Our assumptions and judgments regarding future collectability could differ from actual events and thus materially impact our financial position and results of operations. Depending on the complexity of the underlying revenue arrangement and related terms and conditions, significant judgments, assumptions and estimates may be required to determine each parties rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred, each parties performance obligations, whether performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time or over time, estimates of completion methodologies, the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, whether we are a principal or agent in the arrangement and the appropriate period or periods in which, or during which, the completion of the earnings process and transfer of control occurs. Depending on the magnitude of specific revenue arrangements, if different judgments, assumptions and estimates are made regarding revenue arrangements in any specific period, our periodic financial results may be materially affected. Accounting for Business Combinations We account for our business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. Identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree are recognized and measured as of the acquisition date at fair value. Additionally, contingent consideration is recorded at fair value on the acquisition date and classified as a liability. Goodwill is recognized to the extent by which the aggregate of the acquisition-date fair value of the consideration transferred and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree exceeds the recognized basis of the identifiable assets acquired, net of assumed liabilities. Determining the fair value of assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interest requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash flows, discount rates and asset lives among other items. In addition, when we have acquisitions where substantially all of the fair value of assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets, we account for the acquisitions as asset acquisitions. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment review, include the following: significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; significant negative industry or economic trends; significant adverse changes in legal factors or in the business climate, including adverse regulatory actions or assessments; and significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period. In the event the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recorded. 65 Table of Contents Other assets of a reporting unit that are held and used may be required to be tested for impairment when certain events trigger interim goodwill impairment tests. In such situations, other assets, or asset groups, are tested for impairment under their respective standards and the other assets’ or asset groups’ carrying amounts are adjusted for impairment before testing goodwill for impairment as described below. Significant judgements and estimates may be required in connection with determining the number of reporting units; determining intangible asset groupings; if, and in what period a triggering event has occurred requiring and impairment review; determining the nature timing and extent of undiscounted cash flows, including revenue forecasts and related growth rates and applicable costs; residual values if any; and discount rates and other inputs used in connection with the calculation of the fair values of applicable asset groups. Variations in any of these judgements and estimates could have a material impact on our financial results. In the fourth quarter of Fiscal Year 2023 we recorded a non-cash impairment charge related to our partner relationship related intangible assets, comprised of our Microsoft Minecraft server and InPvP developed technology intangible assets originally acquired in connection with the acquisition of Mobcrush, Inc. in June 2021. The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment review, include significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, and significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy in the context of our overall business. Due to underperformance relative to historical and projected future operating results and a decision to deploy resources in other areas of the business, we performed an impairment analysis and determined that the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the assets was less than the carrying amount of the assets, resulting in an impairment loss totaling $7.1 million, which is recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for Fiscal Year 2023. The fair value was determined using a discounted cash flow approach, with cash flow projections over the remaining life of the intangible assets of five years and a discount rate of 16% based on the Company’s estimated cost of capital. Fair Value Option (“FVO”) Election The Company accounted for certain promissory notes issued, as described at Note 6, under the fair value option election pursuant to ASC 825, “Financial Instruments,” (“ASC 825”) as discussed below. The promissory notes accounted for under the FVO election are each debt host financial instruments containing embedded features which would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from the debt-host and recognized as separate derivative liabilities subject to initial and subsequent periodic estimated fair value measurements under ASC 815. Notwithstanding, ASC 825 provides for the “fair value option” election, to the extent not otherwise prohibited by ASC 825, to be afforded to financial instruments, wherein bifurcation of an embedded derivative is not necessary, and the financial instrument is initially measured at its issue-date estimated fair value and then subsequently remeasured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period date. The estimated fair value adjustments, subsequent to the issuance date, as required by ASC 825, are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) with respect to the portion of the fair value adjustment attributed to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, with the remaining amount of the fair value adjustment recognized as other income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. With respect to the promissory notes described at Note 6, as provided for by ASC 825, the estimated fair value adjustments are presented in a respective single line item within other income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, since the change in fair value of the convertible notes payable was not attributable to instrument specific credit risk. The estimated fair value adjustment is included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the promissory notes described at Note 6 was estimated based on a calculation of the present value of the related cash flows (i.e. payments of principal and interest based on contractual agreement terms) using a discount rate that reflected market rates and related credit risk. The FVO was elected for the promissory notes described at Note 6 due to the short term nature of the promissory notes and to provide relevant and timely information regarding the current market value of the debt, which is marked to market at each balance sheet date reflecting the effects of market fluctuations and other factors. Significant judgements and estimates may be required in connection with the determination of whether or not to elect the FVO for specific assets and/or liabilities. In addition, significant judgements and estimates may be required in connection with the determination of appropriate discount rates utilized in connection with present value related valuation techniques. Discount rate assumptions typically reflect the estimated yield to maturity of the debt instrument, incorporating the estimated market-implied rate of return an investor would receive if they held the debt until maturity, and taking into account all future cash flows and the current market price; adjusted for credit risk and market conditions. In addition, judgements and estimates are required in connection with the determination of the portion of subsequent fair value adjustments relate to instrument-specific credit risk, which are reflected in OCI, and the portion of subsequent fair value adjustments that relate to changes in interests rates or other variables, which are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Variations in any of these judgements and estimates could have a material impact on our financial results. 66 Table of Contents Modifications to Equity Linked Instruments During certain of the periods presented herein, holders of our preferred stock with outstanding Additional Investment Rights (“AIRs”) received (i) a six (6) month extension of the exercise period of such AIRs; and (ii) an adjustment to the conversion prices for such AIRs, to the existing conversion price floors for each respective subseries of preferred stock, as described in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements. In connection with the modifications the AIRs with initial aggregate underlying common shares totaling 1.3 million, were modified as described above, resulting in an incremental increase in fair value totaling $364,000, of which $294,000 was charged to additional paid-in capital as a financing costs, and $70,000 which was charged to other expense in the consolidated statements of operations as a legal settlement cost. Accounting standards require that a reporting entity recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange on the basis of the substance of the transaction in the same manner as if cash had been paid as consideration. As of each of the applicable AIR modification dates the Company utilized an option pricing model, employing the back solve method for purposes of determining the implied common stock value of the Company for input into a Black Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the AIRs immediately before and after the modifications described above, using Level 3 inputs. Weighted average assumptions utilized in the Black Scholes option pricing model included implied (derived) common stock prices from $0.72 to $0.86, conversion prices ranging from $1.856 to $13.25 (based on the applicable original and modified preferred stock conversion prices), risk free interest rates ranging from 4.64% to 5.36%, terms ranging from .24 years to .92 years and volatility assumptions ranging from 68% to 91%. Significant judgements and estimates may be required in connection with the selection of the techniques and methods used in the determination of the implied common stock value of the company, including selection of the back solve method, and significant judgements and estimates may be required in connection with the assumptions utilized in the Black Scholes options pricing model, including assumptions for the remaining term of the applicable instruments, risk free interest rates and volatility. Variations in any of these judgements and estimates could have a material impact on our financial results. Determination of Fair Value – Warrants During the period presented the Company issued certain common stock purchase warrants (“Warrants”) as described at Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements. The fair value of warrants are determined using a Black Scholes option price model, measured using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of the warrants described above was estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model and the following weighted-average assumptions for the applicable dates: December 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Expected Volatility 100% - 101 % 98 % Risk–free interest rate 4.27% - 4.38 % 3.84 % Dividend yield - % - % Expected life of options (in years) 2.71 - 4.74 4.5 - 5.0 Significant judgements and estimates may required in connection with determining the classification of warrants between liabilities and equity, as well as in connection with the assumptions utilized for the expected volatility, risk free interest rate and term in the Black Scholes calculations used to value warrants outstanding at each balance sheet date, if liability classified. Variations in any of these judgements and estimates could have a material impact on our financial results. Relaxed Ongoing Reporting Requirements We qualify to report as a “smaller reporting company” (as defined in Rule 12b-2) under the reporting rules set forth under the Exchange Act. For so long as we remain an “smaller reporting company,” we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange Act reporting companies that are not “smaller reporting companies,” including but not limited to not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and being permitted to comply with reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We are subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not “smaller reporting company,” and our stockholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies. We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer a smaller reporting company. Upon the completion of our initial public offering in February 2019, we elected to report as an “emerging growth company” (as defined in the JOBS Act) under the reporting rules set forth under the Exchange Act, which allowed us to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange Act reporting companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including but not limited to: ● not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; ● taking advantage of extensions of time to comply with certain new or revised financial accounting standards; ● being permitted to comply with reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and ● being exempt from the requirement to hold a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We were eligible to remain an “emerging growth company” for five years from the date of our initial public offering, and as such, ceased being an “emerging growth company” as of Fiscal Year 2024. However, as described above we continue to be a “smaller reporting company.” As a result of no longer qualifying for “emerging growth company” status, our independent auditors, commencing with their audit of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, are required by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) to include a description of Critical Accounting Matters (“CAMs”) as a component of their audit opinion commencing with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for Fiscal Year 2024. 67 Table of Contents A CAM is defined as any matter arising from the audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee, as a component of typical and customary matters required to be communicated to the audit committee each year and that: ● Relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements; and ● Involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex auditor judgment. The PCAOB requires auditors to communicate with the company's audit committee regarding certain matters related to the conduct of their audit, including information about the overall audit strategy, timing of the audit and the significant risks identified during the auditor's risk assessment procedures. As described by the PCAOB, CAMs are intended to enhance the auditor’s report to provide audit-specific information that is meaningful to investors and other financial statement users. Further, the purpose of CAMs is to shed light on certain matters in an audit that involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex auditor judgment. Our auditors have included descriptions of CAMs surrounding their audit strategy and procedures for their audit of revenue recognition and their audit of the modification of certain AIRs related to preferred stock outstanding during Fiscal Year 2024. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK In the ordinary course of our business, we are not currently exposed to market risk of the sort that may arise from changes in interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates, or that may otherwise arise from transactions in derivatives. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company believes that, of the significant accounting policies described herein, the accounting policies associated with revenue recognition, impairment of intangibles, stock-based compensation expense, capitalized internal-use-software costs, accounting for business combinations and related contingent consideration, accounting for convertible debt, including estimates and assumptions used to calculate the fair value of debt instruments, accounting for convertible preferred stock, including modifications and exchanges of equity and equity-linked instruments, accounting for warrant liabilities and accounting for income taxes and valuation allowances against net deferred tax assets, require its most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments and estimates. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The consolidated financial statements and related financial information required to be filed hereunder are indexed under Item 15 of this report and are incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024 (“Evaluation Date”). Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2024. Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. Our management recognizes that any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain judgments and assumptions and cannot provide absolute assurance that its objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. 68 Table of Contents Management ’ s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. This process includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to risk that the internal control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Previously Reported Material Weakness In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, we disclosed a material weakness related to the identification of non-standard and complex transaction disclosure requirements, specifically regarding the exclusion of the calculated noncash value of the effect of the down round feature triggered in August of 2023, on the Company’s Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock, which should have been recorded as a noncash charge directly to accumulated deficit and a noncash reduction to income available to common stockholders in the computation of earnings per share for the third quarter of 2023. Remediation Actions Taken Since the date we identified the material weakness in the fourth quarter of 2023, we took steps to ensure that financial statement preparation checklists utilized by the Company to identify non-standard and complex transactions disclosure requirements are completed and reviewed by resources with requisite knowledge in a timely manner for financial reporting purposes, to improve disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting in these complex non-standard technical areas. While we had procedures and processes to apply accounting and disclosure standards to non-standard and complex transactions, we did not have adequate resources to provide for the timely identification of the required treatment of the value of a down round feature in the period in which it is triggered. This material weakness prevented us from properly including the noncash impact of the down round feature as a noncash reduction to accumulated deficit and a noncash reduction of income available to common stockholders in the computation of earnings per share for the third quarter of 2023. The remediation steps described above were effective in the fourth quarter of 2023 and in place and operating as of December 31, 2023 and throughout Fiscal Year 2024. As a result, as previously disclosed in our Fiscal Year 2023 10-K, notwithstanding the material weakness described above, management believes the consolidated financial statements presented in its Fiscal Year 2023 10-K fairly presented, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented therein, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Based on our assessments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we concluded that the previously reported material weakness related to the identification of non-standard and complex transaction disclosure requirements, specifically regarding exclusion of the calculated noncash value of the effect of the down round feature triggered in August of 2023 on the Company’s Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock, has been remediated. Management ’ s Assessment of the Effectiveness of our Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Management has evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In conducting its evaluation, management used the framework set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on our evaluation under such framework, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024. 69 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We are an “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act and, accordingly, we are not required to provide the attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our internal control over financial reporting required by Item 308(b) of Regulation S-K. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Except as described above, there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION During the three months ended December 31, 2024, none of our officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) entered into contracts, instructions or written plans (each, a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan” and collectively, the “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans”) for the purchase or sale of our securities that are intended to satisfy the conditions specified in Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act for an affirmative defense against liability for trading in securities on the basis of material nonpublic information. ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INS