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and its consolidated subsidiaries.
−Removed: We have registered trademarks around the globe, including Unified Digital Measurement®, UDM®, vCE®, Metrix®, Proximic®, XMedia®, Comscore Campaign Ratings®, Total Home Panel®, Essentials®, Box Office Essentials®, OnDemand Essentials®, and TV Essentials®.
−Removed: This 10-K also contains additional trademarks and trade names of our company and our subsidiaries.
−Removed: We file and maintain trademark protection for our products and services.
+Added: This 10-K contains trademarks and trade names of our company and our subsidiaries.
+Added: We maintain trademark protection for our products and services.
All trademarks and trade names appearing in this 10-K are the property of their respective holders.
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Recent Key Developments
−Removed: Entry into New Credit Agreement
−Removed: On December 31, 2024, we entered into a senior secured financing agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Blue Torch Finance LLC.
−Removed: The Credit Agreement has a term of four years and matures in December 2028.
−Removed: The Credit Agreement provides a borrowing capacity of $60.0 million, consisting of a $45.0 million term loan that was fully funded at closing and a $15.0 million revolving credit facility that was unfunded at closing.
−Removed: Initial proceeds from the Credit Agreement were used to resolve our aged accounts payable, cash collateralize our outstanding letters of credit, pay transaction fees and expenses, and strengthen our cash position.
−Removed: Refer to Footnote 5 , Debt, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Credit Agreement, including various covenants applicable to our business.
−Removed: Amendment and Termination of Prior Credit Agreement
−Removed: On May 3, 2024, we entered into an amendment to our prior credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A.
−Removed: (the "Prior Credit Agreement").
−Removed: Among other things, the amendment extended the maturity date of the facility, reduced our aggregate borrowing capacity under the facility, and increased the interest rate payable under the facility.
−Removed: On November 1, 2024, we repaid the outstanding principal balance of $10.0 million under the Prior Credit Agreement.
−Removed: On November 5, 2024, we entered into another amendment to the Prior Credit Agreement to extend the maturity date with respect to the outstanding letters of credit under the facility and reduce the aggregate lender commitments to equal the outstanding letters of credit.
−Removed: On December 31, 2024, we terminated the Prior Credit Agreement.
−Removed: As described above, we used a portion of proceeds from the new Credit Agreement to cash collateralize our outstanding letters of credit under the Prior Credit Agreement.
−Removed: We had no other borrowings outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement on the termination date.
−Removed: Refer to Footnote 5 , Debt, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Prior Credit Agreement.
−Removed: Table of Conte nt s
−Removed: Preferred Stock Issuance
−Removed: On July 24, 2024, we issued 13,257,294 additional shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Preferred Stock") to the existing holders of Preferred Stock in exchange for cancellation of our obligation to pay accrued dividends totaling $32.8 million to such holders for annual dividend periods ended in 2023 and 2024.
−Removed: The additional shares of Preferred Stock have the same terms and conditions as the Preferred Stock previously issued by us.
−Removed: In connection with the issuance, we also entered into an amendment to our Stockholders Agreement with the holders of Preferred Stock.
−Removed: Among other things, the amendment reduced the $100.0 million special dividend threshold set forth in the Stockholders Agreement by the liquidation preference of the additional Preferred Stock ($32.8 million).
−Removed: After further reducing the threshold by annual dividends paid in prior years, the current special dividend threshold is $47.0 million.
−Removed: Refer to Footnote 4 , Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the 2024 issuance of Preferred Stock.
+Added: Recapitalization Transaction with Preferred Stockholders
+Added: On September 26, 2025, we entered into separate Stock Exchange Agreements with the holders of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Series B Preferred Stock") pursuant to which, at the closing of the transactions contemplated thereby, each holder would exchange the Series B Preferred Stock then owned by such holder for shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Series C Preferred Stock");
+Added: common stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Common Stock");
+Added: and a fixed cash payment of $2.0 million in June 2028.
+Added: The issuance of securities in exchange for Series B Preferred Stock pursuant to the Stock Exchange Agreements (the "Recapitalization Transaction") and related matters were approved by our stockholders on December 19, 2025 and subsequently closed on December 29, 2025.
+Added: The Recapitalization Transaction resulted in the exchange and retirement of all shares of Series B Preferred Stock, the elimination of related dividend rights, and a reduction in the holders' director designation rights, among other things.
+Added: Refer to F ootnote 1 , Organization and Footnote 4 , Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) , of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Recapitalization Transaction.
+Added: Amendment to Credit Agreement
+Added: On September 26, 2025, in connection with the Recapitalization Transaction, we entered into an amendment to our senior secured financing agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Blue Torch Finance LLC to permit the issuance of Series C Preferred Stock and related matters.
+Added: The Credit Agreement amendment became effective on December 29, 2025, concurrent with the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction.
+Added: Refer to Footnote 5 , Debt, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Credit Agreement.
Background and Market
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We also have access to millions of television and video on demand ("VOD") screens and the ability to measure box office results from movie screens across the world.
+Added: Table of Conte nt s
In December 2021, we acquired Shareablee, Inc.
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Advertising exposure and effectiveness is another rapidly changing and fragmented area where we apply scale for validation and campaign measurement across devices, platforms and ecosystem technology providers.
−Removed: We believe this fragmentation presents major challenges to using legacy measurement systems that are comprised of relatively small panels of cooperating consumers or limited to specific media platforms.
+Added: We believe this fragmentation presents major challenges to using legacy measurement systems that are comprised of relatively small panels of cooperating consumers or are limited to specific media platforms.
Our products and services are built on measurement and analytic capabilities comprised of broad-based data collection, proprietary databases, internally developed software and a computational infrastructure to measure, analyze and report on digital, television and movie activity at the level of granularity that we believe the media and advertising industries need.
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• We collect content and advertising data from major social platforms for measurement, audience, and lift analysis.
−Removed: Table of Conte nt s
Data Science and Management
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We have created innovations such as:
−Removed: • Our Unified Digital Measurement ® ("UDM") methodology, which allows us to combine person-centric panel data with website server data.
+Added: • Our Unified Digital Measurement ® methodology, which allows us to combine person-centric panel data with website server data.
We believe this gives our customers greater accuracy, granularity and relevance in audience measurement.
• Our TV measurement systems, underpinned by multiple patents, which enable us to provide a consistent measurement of TV audience sizes across national, local, and addressable television to customers evaluating programming as well as customers selling and buying TV advertising.
−Removed: • An ability to de-duplicate audiences across platforms, which is based on direct observations within our consumer panel and census data combined with proprietary data science.
−Removed: This de-duplication allows us to measure the reach and frequency of advertising and content exposure across platforms and over time.
+Added: • An ability to deduplicate audiences across platforms, which is based on direct observations within our consumer panel and census data combined with proprietary data science.
+Added: This deduplication allows us to measure the reach and frequency of advertising and content exposure across platforms and over time.
• An ability to capture the full content of a website or app session, which allows us to measure activity beyond page views such as purchase transactions, application submissions and product configurations.
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We deliver our products and services through diverse methods to meet the needs of our customers.
−Removed: These include Software-as-a-Service ("SAAS") delivery platforms, application programming interfaces, data feeds that integrate directly with customer systems whether in-house or via data collaboration/data clean room environments, and integrations with advertising technology providers such as ad servers, customer and data management platforms, supply-side platforms, and demand-side platforms that enable data management, ad management and programmatic ad trading.
+Added: These include Software-as-a-Service ("SAAS") delivery platforms, application programming interfaces, data feeds that integrate directly with customer systems whether in-house or via data collaboration/data clean room environments, and integrations with advertising technology providers such
+Added: Table of Conte nt s
+Added: as ad servers, customer and data management platforms, supply-side platforms, and demand-side platforms that enable data management, ad management and programmatic ad trading.
Our Products and Services
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Product offerings reported in this solution group include our legacy subscription-based syndicated offerings that measure audiences for linear TV (national and local), digital and streaming, as well as theatrical box office receipts.
−Removed: Also included in this solution group are our transaction-based cross-platform products, Proximic ® by Comscore ("Proximic"), our Activation solution suite, and Comscore Campaign Ratings ® ("CCR").
+Added: Also included in this solution group are our transaction-based cross-platform products:
+Added: Proximic ® by Comscore ("Proximic"), our Activation solution suite, and Cross-Platform Campaign Results ("CCR"), along with our subscription-based cross-platform product, Comscore Content Measurement ("CCM").
These syndicated and cross-platform products are used as currency to plan and execute ad campaigns, measure the outcome of ad campaigns, optimize ad campaigns that are in-flight, activate programmatic campaigns, and make content easier for programmatic advertisers to reach.
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They also include our survey business, our Consumer Brand Health business, and other bespoke research, data and insight deliverables that help our clients better understand their business, competitive landscape, clients and market.
−Removed: Table of Conte nt s
We categorize our revenue along these two solution groups;
however, our cost structure is tracked at the corporate level and not by our solution groups.
−Removed: These shared costs include employee costs, purchased data, operational overhead, data storage and technology that supports multiple solution groups.
+Added: These shared costs include employee costs, purchased data, operational overhead, data storage and technology that supports multiple products in both solution groups.
Content & Ad Measurement - Syndicated Audience products and services include :
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• Video Metrix Multi-Platform, which delivers unduplicated measurement of digital video consumption across computer, smartphone, tablet and CTV devices and provides TV-comparable reach and engagement metrics, as well as audience demographics.
+Added: Table of Conte nt s
• Plan Metrix, which provides an understanding of consumer lifestyle, buying and other consumption habits, online and offline, by integrating attitudes and interests with online behavior and provides customers with insight into patterns and trends needed to develop and execute advertising and marketing campaigns.
−Removed: • Cross-Platform Content Ratings, which provide a deduplicated view of audiences' media consumption across TV, digital, CTV and social platforms.
• OnDemand Essentials, which provides multichannel video programming distributors and content providers with transactional tracking and reporting based on millions of television screens, enabling our customers to plan advertising campaigns that more precisely target consumers watching on-demand video content.
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Comscore Content Activation provides a robust set of pre-bid inventory filters to help marketers and media companies achieve brand-safe, relevant campaign delivery across desktop, mobile, podcasts, and CTV.
−Removed: Within the Content Activation suite, Predictive Audiences delivers contextually delivered, ID-free segments based on granular audience behaviors.
−Removed: • CCR, which expands upon validated Campaign Essentials ("vCE") verification of mobile and desktop video campaigns with the addition of video advertising delivered via digital, CTV and TV and provides unduplicated reporting that enables ad buyers and sellers to negotiate and evaluate campaigns across media platforms.
+Added: Within the Content Activation suite, Predictive Audiences provides contextually delivered, ID-free segments based on granular audience behaviors.
+Added: • Cross-Platform Campaign Results, or CCR, which provides verification and measurement of video advertising delivered via mobile, desktop, digital, linear TV and CTV, resulting in unduplicated reporting that enables ad buyers and sellers to negotiate and evaluate campaigns across media platforms.
+Added: • Comscore Content Measurement, or CCM, which measures the audiences for content across linear TV, CTV and digital, providing unduplicated reporting that allows the buyers and sellers of advertising to understand the total reach of a given program or piece of content across the platforms where it is available.
Research & Insight Solutions products and services include :
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Applications include path-to-purchase analyses, competitive benchmarking, market segmentation studies, and branded content analytics.
−Removed: Table of Conte nt s
• Lift Models, which measure the impact of advertising on a brand across multiple behavioral and attitudinal dimensions such as brand awareness, purchase intent, online visitation, online and offline purchase behavior and retail store visitation, enabling customers to fine tune campaign strategy and execution.
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Our research and development activities span our business of media and cross-platform measurement, encompassing data collection, data science, analytical application development and product delivery.
−Removed: We continue to focus on enhancing our coverage and scale, precision and granularity across diverse types of media, devices and geographies using our census, panel and other data assets.
+Added: We continue to focus on enhancing our coverage and scale, precision and granularity across diverse types of media, devices and geographies using our census, panel and other data assets as well as evolving AI capabilities.
Examples of our research and development initiatives include:
−Removed: • Enhancing our recruiting methods and software applications;
+Added: • Enhancing our recruiting methods and software applications, including through the use of AI tools;
• Developing new technologies to manage, stage and deliver cross-platform data and analytics through traditional web-based user interfaces and via integration with customer systems;
−Removed: • Designing solutions to continue to measure the online media space while honoring increased privacy concerns, including the development of industry-compatible, interoperable methodologies that will function as browser, regulatory, and legal environments change;
+Added: Table of Conte nt s
+Added: • Designing solutions to continue to measure the online media space while honoring increased privacy concerns, including the development of industry-compatible, interoperable methodologies designed to maintain functionality as browser, regulatory and legal environments change;
• Creating new methodologies to measure person-level TV and digital consumption at scale and across platforms;
• Continuing to develop expertise in combining multiple data assets, both to leverage single-platform datasets into representative cross-platform measurements as well as working with the data of partner companies, allowing us to enhance existing services and create new and innovative audience measurement products.
−Removed: These efforts include original research into the measurement of data overlaps and de-duplication in the measurement of reach.
−Removed: Recent Product Innovation
+Added: These efforts include original research into the measurement of data overlaps and deduplication in the measurement of reach.
+Added: Product Innovation
Engineering Products for a Privacy-Centric World
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In parallel, our work with existing and new partners to collaborate and test emerging solutions is intended to expand the reach of our large-scale integrations.
−Removed: We are creating measurement innovations designed to produce stronger products engineered for privacy-first methodologies.
+Added: We are creating measurement innovations designed to produce stronger products engineered for privacy-centric methodologies.
Comscore Predictive Audiences
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This solution delivers scale and precision beyond what was previously available in the industry, and can be used across digital, mobile, and CTV campaigns.
+Added: Cross-Platform Innovation
+Added: Across a number of projects, we are innovating in cross-platform measurement of both advertising and content.
+Added: Those projects include industry-wide efforts to deliver consistent cross-platform measurement of advertising as well as proprietary projects, for which we operate key components of the production pipeline.
+Added: They also include the development of CCM.
+Added: CCM provides deduplicated measurement of content at the title level across digital, CTV, and linear TV to provide broadcasters and advertisers a more complete view of the total audience for a given piece of content.
+Added: Measuring AI Influence
+Added: The growing use and prevalence of AI tools creates an opportunity to help our clients understand how AI platforms such as ChatGPT, Copilot and Gemini are fundamentally reshaping aspects of the consumer journey.
+Added: In addition to offering visibility into how generative AI is being adopted and used, we are developing methodologies to help our customers quantify the downstream impact of AI use on website visitation, benchmark against their competitors, and optimize AI visibility.
Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property assets are important to protect our business.
−Removed: We protect our innovations and products with numerous patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property.
+Added: We protect our innovations and products with patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property.
In particular, we file for and seek to acquire patent rights for our innovations and we continue to seek to enhance our patent portfolio through targeted and strategic patent filings and licensing opportunities.
−Removed: We believe that we own the material trademarks used in connection with the marketing, distribution and sale of our
−Removed: Table of Conte nt s
−Removed: products, both domestically and internationally.
+Added: We believe that we own the material trademarks used in connection with the marketing, distribution and sale of our products, both domestically and internationally.
We will continue to pursue intellectual property opportunities in areas and technologies that we deem to be strategic and appropriate for our business.
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• Data Collection - metering such as biometrics and audio fingerprinting, tagging such as video viewability, browser optimization, IP obfuscation and TV-off measurement methodology.
−Removed: • Data Processing - traffic and content categorization, demographic attribution, ad effectiveness measurement, data overlap and fusion, invalid traffic detection, data weighting, projection and processing of return path data, and personification of viewership data.
−Removed: We file and maintain trademark protection for our products and services.
+Added: • Data Processing - traffic and content categorization, demographic attribution, ad effectiveness measurement, data overlap and fusion, invalid traffic detection, data weighting, projection and processing of return path data, and personification of
+Added: Table of Conte nt s
+Added: viewership data.
+Added: We maintain trademark protection for our products and services.
We rely on trademarks and service marks to protect our intellectual property assets and believe these are important to our marketing efforts and the competitive value of our products and services.
−Removed: We have registered trademarks around the globe, including Unified Digital Measurement®, UDM®, vCE®, Metrix®, Proximic ®, XMedia ®, Comscore Campaign Ratings ®, Total Home Panel ®, Essentials®, Box Office Essentials®, OnDemand Essentials®, and TV Essentials®.
−Removed: This 10-K also contains additional trademarks and trade names of our Company and our subsidiaries.
+Added: We have registered and maintained trademarks around the globe.
+Added: This 10-K also contains trademarks and trade names of our Company and our subsidiaries.
All trademarks and trade names appearing in this 10-K are the property of their respective holders.
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• The ability to offer products that meet the changing needs of customers, particularly in the evolving privacy environment.
−Removed: Table of Conte nt s
We believe we compete favorably on these factors and that our vision and investments in the future of media measurement across platforms will deliver products and services that our customers will continue to trust and value.
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This evolving framework has resulted, and may continue to result, in inconsistent requirements and differing interpretations across jurisdictions.
+Added: Table of Conte nt s
Governments, privacy advocates and class action attorneys are increasingly scrutinizing how companies collect, process, use, store, share and transmit personal data.
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Human Capital Management
−Removed: Our management of human capital is essential to the success of our company, and our management team is actively engaged in developing a strong, engaged team to execute on our business plans.
+Added: Our management of human capital is essential to the success of our company, and our management team is actively engaged in developing a strong, engaged employee base to execute on our business plans.
As of January 31, 2026, we had approximately 1,200 employees.
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We seek to attract and retain the best talent from a diverse group of sources around the world, in order to meet our current and future staffing needs.
−Removed: In addition to a robust employee referral practice and independent outreach, we have developed relationships with
−Removed: Table of Conte nt s
−Removed: universities, professional associations, and industry alliances to further increase our outreach and talent pool.
+Added: In addition to a robust employee referral practice and independent outreach, we have developed relationships with universities, professional associations, and industry alliances to further increase our outreach and talent pool.
In 2025, our company conducted hiring in North America, Europe, India, and Latin America.
Where feasible within the countries in which we operate, we provide a competitive and varied portfolio of healthcare, wellness, financial, and other benefit offerings to suit the diverse needs and lifestyles of our employees.
−Removed: Within the United States, 84% of our eligible employee population was enrolled in one of our healthcare plans as of December 31, 2024.
+Added: Within the United States, more than 80% of our eligible employee population was enrolled in one of our healthcare plans as of December 31, 2025.
We provide virtual, on-demand learning opportunities to all employees, and we also develop and deliver custom learning programs to meet specific business needs and employee interests.
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We believe we have strong labor practices and employee-friendly policies that enable a culture of trust, collaboration, and compliance.
−Removed: Our employment standards begin and end with respect for the dignity and worth of each person.
+Added: Our employment standards prioritize respect for the dignity and worth of each person.
Employees have multiple avenues through which to express opinions, ideas, and concerns, which enables an open culture of communication and inclusion;
−Removed: our policies require that complaints are investigated and any findings are addressed.
+Added: our policies require
+Added: Table of Conte nt s
+Added: that complaints are investigated and any findings are addressed.
Our employees are not represented by labor unions outside of those few countries where union representation is a customary practice of doing business.
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We currently have ERGs in support of LGBTQ+ persons, people of color, women, emerging professionals, parents and caregivers, and remote workers.
−Removed: We have amplified our conversation and actions relating specifically to inclusion and diversity over recent years, taking a more active executive stance and implementing learning and development initiatives, additional ERGs, and expanded employee gatherings and activities.
+Added: We have amplified our conversation and actions relating specifically to inclusion and diversity over recent years, implementing learning and development initiatives, additional ERGs, and expanded employee gatherings and activities.
Locations and Geographic Areas
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Carpenter holds a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Vermont.
−Removed: Mary Margaret Curry has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since July 2022 and as our Chief Accounting Officer since December 2021.
−Removed: Curry joined Comscore in 2011 and has served in roles of increasing scope and responsibility since then, including as Global Tax Director (August 2011 to July 2015), Senior Director of Global Tax Compliance and Reporting (July 2015 to May 2018), Vice President of Tax and Treasury (May 2018 to November 2020) and Senior Vice President and Controller (November 2020 to December 2021).
−Removed: Prior to joining Comscore, she spent nine years with KPMG.
−Removed: Curry holds bachelor's and master's degrees in accounting from East Carolina University and is a Certified Public Accountant.
Stephen (Steve) Bagdasarian has served as our Chief Commercial Officer since November 2023 and was our Executive Vice President, Growth from October 2022 to November 2023.
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Prior to Publishers Clearing House, he held a number of senior business development, strategy and marketing roles with digital technology companies.
−Removed: Table of Conte nt s
Bagdasarian is a member of TBD Angels, an angel investor group, and has invested and served as an advisor to several early-stage digital technology companies.
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Olin Graduate School of Business.
+Added: Mary Margaret Curry has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since July 2022 and as our Chief Accounting Officer since December 2021.
+Added: Curry joined Comscore in 2011 and has served in roles of increasing scope and responsibility since then, including as Global Tax Director (August 2011 to July 2015), Senior Director of Global Tax Compliance and Reporting (July 2015 to May 2018), Vice President of Tax and Treasury (May 2018 to November 2020) and Senior Vice President and Controller (November 2020 to December 2021).
+Added: Prior to joining Comscore, she spent nine years with KPMG.
+Added: Curry holds bachelor's and master's degrees in accounting from East Carolina University.
Gregory (Greg) Dale has served as our Chief Operating Officer since August 2022 and was our General Manager, Digital from December 2021 to August 2022.
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He holds a bachelor's degree from Purdue University.
+Added: Table of Conte nt s
Non-Executive Directors
−Removed: Nana Banerjee brings extensive experience in leading, innovating, and scaling analytics and technology businesses globally.
−Removed: Banerjee has served as a Comscore director since March 2021 and was Chairman of the Board from July 2022 to September 2024.
−Removed: Banerjee served as President and CEO and a member of the Board of Directors of Pelmorex Corp., a global climate analytics and public safety alerting company, from April 2023 to January 2025.
−Removed: He previously served as a senior advisor to the CEO of Cerberus Capital Management, a private equity firm, from September 2021 until April 2023.
−Removed: He also served on the Board of multiple Cerberus portfolio companies.
−Removed: From March 2020 to September 2021, he served as a Senior Managing Director of Cerberus Global Technology Solutions.
−Removed: Prior to joining Cerberus, he served as the President and CEO of McGraw-Hill, an education solutions company, and as a member of its Board of Directors.
−Removed: Previously, he was Group President and an Executive Officer of Verisk Analytics, a data analytics company, with responsibility for its high-growth businesses as well as oversight responsibility for its joint data and development environment and its centralized AI and advanced analytics organizations.
−Removed: He joined Verisk as part of its acquisition of Argus Information and Advisory Services, where he was CEO, and co-president and chief operating officer in prior roles.
−Removed: In other prior roles, Dr.
−Removed: Banerjee served as head of Citibank's credit card business in the United Kingdom and as vice president of marketing and analytics at GE Capital.
−Removed: Banerjee has a Ph.D.
−Removed: in applied mathematics from the State University of New York, an M.S.
−Removed: degree in mathematics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, and a B.S.
−Removed: degree with honors in mathematics from St.
−Removed: Stephens College, Delhi.
−Removed: Banerjee's extensive experience with information services, data analytics, and technology transformation businesses enable him to bring valuable perspective to our Board.
−Removed: Itzhak Fisher has served as a director since March 2021 and as Chairman of the Board since November 2024.
−Removed: Fisher is the Chairman and founder (2014 to present) of Pereg Ventures, a venture capital fund that invests in B2B information services businesses across the United States and Israel.
−Removed: Previously, he served as the EVP of global product, strategy and business development at Nielsen, as founder and Executive Chairman of Trendum, and as President and CEO of RSL Communications, where he built a telecommunications company that operated in over 20 countries and generated more than $1.5 billion in revenues.
−Removed: Fisher received a B.S.
−Removed: in Computer Science from New York Institute of Technology and completed advanced studies in computer science at New York University.
−Removed: His other affiliations include the Rwanda Development Board and Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board;
−Removed: Strategic Advisory Group, Goldman Sachs;
−Removed: Advisory Board, NYU Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences;
−Removed: and President's Council, Tufts University.
−Removed: Fisher brings to our Board substantial experience in creating, operating and investing in digital, media and retail companies.
−Removed: Leslie Gillin has served as a director since January 2023.
−Removed: Gillin is Chief Growth Officer of Pagaya Technologies, a financial technology company, where she oversees global growth strategy, business development, marketing, public relations and external communications.
−Removed: She joined Pagaya in October 2021 from JPMorgan Chase, where she served as Chief Marketing Officer of the firm (December 2019 to April 2021) and prior to that was President of Chase's CoBrand Cards Services (February 2017 to December 2019).
−Removed: Gillin has also held senior executive leadership positions at Bank of America, Citi and MBNA, including leadership roles in Canada and Europe.
−Removed: She has been recognized as one of American Banker's 2024 Most Influential Women in Fintech, a Top 50 Women Leaders by Women We Admire in 2022, as one of 2022's Top 25 Women Leaders in Financial Technology by The Financial Technology Report , honored as a Woman of the Year 2022 by The Stevie Awards' Women in Business and a Top 25 CMO to Watch by Business Insider in 2020, and received a 2024 Women in Payments Innovation Award.
−Removed: Gillin serves on the board of directors of Establishment Labs, a Nasdaq-listed women's biotech company, and has served on the board of The Ad Council, MasterCard UK Forum, the Philadelphia International Council of the Arts, The Please Touch Museum and the Delaware Bankers Association.
−Removed: She holds a degree in international relations and Spanish from the University of Delaware and also attended the University of Salamanca.
−Removed: Gillin brings a strong background in buy-side media analytics, marketing and financial services to our Board.
−Removed: David Kline has served as a director since March 2021.
−Removed: Kline is Executive Vice President at Charter Communications, a communications and media company, and President of Spectrum Reach, the advertising sales division of Charter.
−Removed: Kline joined Charter in 2015 and provides strategic leadership to guide the company in both the traditional and advanced TV advertising space.
+Added: Robert (Bob) Davenport has served as director since December 2025.
+Added: Davenport is Head of Global Corporate Credit and Distressed Debt and Senior Managing Director of Cerberus Capital Management and Cerberus California, LLC.
+Added: He joined Cerberus in 1996 and is responsible for overseeing and managing the firm's investments in stressed and distressed debt on a global basis.
+Added: Prior to Cerberus, he was a principal at Vestar Capital Partners, where he was responsible for identifying, analyzing and executing leveraged buyout opportunities.
+Added: Previously, he worked in the mergers and acquisitions group at Drexel Burnham.
+Added: Davenport graduated from the University of California.
+Added: He previously served as a member of the Board of Trustees for the Crossroads School for Arts and Sciences and Heal the Bay.
+Added: Davenport brings over 30 years of financing and M&A experience to our Board.
+Added: David Kline has served as a director since March 2021 and as Chairman of the Board since April 2025.
+Added: He most recently served as Executive Vice President at Charter Communications, a communications and media company, and President of Spectrum Reach, the advertising sales division of Charter.
+Added: Kline joined Charter in 2015 and provided strategic leadership to guide the company in both the traditional and advanced TV advertising space until his retirement in 2025.
Kline joined Charter from Visible World (now FreeWheel), where he served as President and COO directing their household addressable sales and programmatic advertising efforts.
Earlier in his career, he served as President and COO of Cablevision Media Sales (now Altice Media Solutions) for more than 17 years.
−Removed: Kline serves on the board of directors for the Video Advertising Bureau and private companies Ampersand and Blockgraph (where he was appointed Chairman in April 2022).
+Added: Kline previously served on the board of directors for the Video Advertising Bureau and Canoe and as chairman of the board of directors for private company Blockgraph.
He received a B.A.
−Removed: Table of Conte nt s
−Removed: personalized study program focusing on marketing, finance, accounting and management from Ohio State University.
+Added: in a personalized study program focusing on marketing, finance, accounting and management from Ohio State University.
Kline is a pioneering leader in the traditional and advanced TV advertising space and brings valuable relationships and perspective to our Board.
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since January 2024 and the Advertising Research Foundation ("ARF") since July 2022, and prior to that was a member of the ARF board of trustees.
−Removed: He holds a B.S.
+Added: He also serves on the board of directors of private companies Tenetic LLC, Adstra (formerly ALC) and CivicScience.
+Added: Livek holds a B.S.
degree in Communications Radio/Television from Southern Illinois University.
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Murphy brings to our Board substantial capital markets, M&A and corporate development experience.
−Removed: Martin (Marty) Patterson has served as a director since March 2021.
−Removed: Patterson currently serves as Senior Vice President of Liberty Media Corporation, Liberty Broadband Corporation, Qurate Retail, Inc.
−Removed: and Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings, Inc.
−Removed: He has been with Liberty Media Corporation, a media, communications and entertainment company, and its predecessors since 2010.
−Removed: Patterson was formerly a director of Skyhook Wireless, Inc.
−Removed: and Ideiasnet S.A.
−Removed: He received his B.A.
−Removed: from Colorado College and is a CFA Charterholder.
−Removed: Patterson brings to our Board extensive experience identifying and evaluating investment opportunities in the technology, media and telecommunications sectors.
Brian Wendling has served as a director since March 2021.
−Removed: Wendling is Chief Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer of Liberty Media Corporation, Qurate Retail, Inc., Liberty Broadband Corporation and Atlanta Braves Holdings, Inc.
−Removed: He is also Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings, Inc.
+Added: Wendling is Chief Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer of Liberty Media Corporation, Liberty Broadband Corporation, GCI Liberty and Liberty Live Holdings, Inc.
+Added: He previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings, Inc.
+Added: from January 2016 to April 2025 and served as Chief Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer of Qurate Retail, Inc.
+Added: from January 2020 to March 2025 and Atlanta Braves Holdings, Inc.
+Added: from December 2022 to August 2024.
Wendling has held various positions with these companies and their predecessors since 1999.
Prior to joining these companies, he worked in the assurance practice of the accounting firm KPMG.
+Added: Table of Conte nt s
Wendling has previously served on the boards of Fun Technologies Inc.
3 unchanged sentences
He received his Bachelor of Science degree in accounting from Indiana University.
−Removed: Wendling brings over 25 years of accounting, public reporting and compliance experience to our Board.
+Added: Wendling brings over 30 years of finance, accounting, M&A, public reporting and compliance experience to our Board.
Available Information
5 unchanged sentences
Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.