GIBRALTAR INDUSTRIES, INC. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Certain information set forth herein includes statements that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and, therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements.” These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “anticipates,” “aspires,” “expects,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will” or “should” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, competition, strategies, margins, integration of acquired businesses, the industries in which we operate and the expected impact of evolving laws and regulation. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We believe that these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in the “Risk Factors” disclosures in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Although we base these forward-looking statements on assumptions that we believe are reasonable when made, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and the development of the industries in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained herein. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and the development of the industries in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods. Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements that we make herein speak only as of the date of those statements, and we undertake no obligation to update those statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data. The Company uses certain operating performance measures, specifically consolidated gross margin, operating margin by segment and consolidated operating margin, to manage the Company's businesses, set operational goals, and establish performance targets for incentive compensation for the Company's employees. The Company defines consolidated gross margin as a percentage of total consolidated gross profit to total consolidated net sales. The Company defines operating margin by segment as a percentage of total income from operations by segment to total net sales by segment and consolidated operating margin as a percentage of total consolidated income from operations to total consolidated net sales. The Company believes consolidated gross margin, consolidated operating margin, and operating margin by segment may be useful to investors in evaluating the profitability of the Company's segments and the Company on a consolidated basis. Overview Gibraltar Industries, Inc. (the "Company") is a leading manufacturer and provider of products and services for the residential, renewable energy, agtech and infrastructure markets. The Company operates and reports its results in the following four reporting segments: • Residential • Renewables • Agtech • Infrastructure The Company serves customers primarily in North America including home improvement retailers, wholesalers, distributors, contractors, renewable energy (solar) developers, and institutional and commercial growers of fruits, vegetables, flowers and other plants. At June 30, 2024, the Company operated thirty facilities, comprised of twenty-two manufacturing facilities, two distribution centers, and six offices, which are located in fifteen states, Canada, and China. The Company's operational infrastructure provides the necessary scale to support local, regional, and national customers in each of the Company's markets. 18 Table of Contents Recent Trends The Company's customers in the Renewables business continue to be impacted by both ongoing and new trade and regulatory policies and investigations. These include but are not limited to: • In May 2024, a new investigation was initiated by the U.S. Department of Commerce ("USDOC") claiming potentially illegal trade practices with Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, the same four countries named in the 2022 anti-dumping and countervailing duties ("AD/CVD") case, for which resolution is anticipated in 2025; • Revocation of tariff exemptions on bifacial solar modules by the current presidential administration; • Expiration in 2024 of the Presidential Executive Order that paused tariffs on imports of solar modules for two years. Modules procured during this pause may have challenges to be installed as required by the December 3, 2024 due to permitting delays still prevailing in the industry; and • Publication of final guidance from the Department of Treasury relative to rules under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in order to maximize tax incentives. As these disruptions continue, a portion of our customers paused signing new contracts as they work through trade and/or regulatory items specific to their projects. Business Strategy The Company's mission is to make life better for people and the planet, fueled by advancing the disciplines of engineering, science, and technology. The Company is innovating to reshape critical markets in sustainable power, comfortable and efficient living, and productive growing throughout North America. Furthermore, the Company strives to create compounding and sustainable value for its stockholders and stakeholders with strong and relevant leadership positions in higher growth, profitable end markets focused on addressing some of the world's most challenging opportunities. The foundation of the Company's strategy is built on three core pillars: Business System, Portfolio Management, and Organization Development. 1. Business System reflects the necessary systems, processes, and management tools required to deliver consistent and continuous performance improvement, every day. The Company's business system is a critical enabler to grow, scale, and deliver its plans. The Company's focus is on deploying effective tools to drive growth, improve operating performance, and develop the organization utilizing 80/20 and lean quote-to-cash initiatives along with digital systems for speed, agility and responsiveness. The Business System pillar challenges existing operating paradigms, drives day-to-day performance, forces prioritization of resources, tests the Company's business models, and drives new product and services innovation. 2. Portfolio Management is focused on optimizing the Company’s business portfolio in higher growth markets with leadership positions while ensuring its financial capital and human resources are effectively and efficiently deployed to deliver sustainable, profitable growth while increasing its relevance with customers and shaping its markets. In 2023, the Company acquired the assets of a privately held Utah-based company in the Residential segment and sold its Japan-based solar racking business within the Renewables segment to help achieve these objectives. 3. Organization Development drives the Company’s continuous focus on ensuring it has the right design and structure to scale the organization in order to execute the Company’s plans and meet commitments. The Company's focus is on creating an environment for our people to have the best opportunity for success, continue to develop, grow and learn. At core of this pillar is the Company’s development process focused on helping employees reach their potential, improve performance, develop career roadmaps, identify ongoing education requirements, and respective succession plans. The Company believes doing so helps it attract and retain the best people to execute its business plans. 19 Table of Contents The Company believes the key elements of the Company's strategy enable the Company to respond timely to changes in the end markets the Company serves, including the broader market dynamics experienced over the past few years. The Company continues to examine the need for restructuring of the Company's operations, including consolidation of facilities, reducing overhead costs, curtailing investments in working capital, and managing the Company's business to generate incremental cash. The Company believes its strategy enables the Company to respond to volatility in commodity and other input costs and fluctuations in customer demand, along with striving to maintain and improve margins. The Company has used cash flows generated by these initiatives to improve the Company's liquidity position, invest in growth initiatives and return capital to the Company's shareholders through share repurchases. Overall, the Company continues to strive to achieve stronger financial results, make more efficient use of capital, and deliver higher stockholder returns. Recent Developments On December 1, 2023, the Company sold its Japan-based solar racking business within its Renewables segment to a third party and received net proceeds of $8.0 million. On July 5, 2023, the Company acquired the assets of a privately held Utah based company that manufactures and distributes roof flashing and accessory products for $10.4 million. Results of Operations Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 The following table sets forth selected results of operations data and its percentage of net sales for the three months ended June 30 (in thousands): 2024 2023 Net sales $ 353,005 100.0 % $ 364,914 100.0 % Cost of sales 257,132 72.8 % 268,175 73.5 % Gross profit 95,873 27.2 % 96,739 26.5 % Selling, general, and administrative expense 53,404 15.2 % 53,662 14.7 % Income from operations 42,469 12.0 % 43,077 11.8 % Interest (income) expense (1,495) (0.4) % 1,308 0.3 % Other expense (income) 347 0.0 % (509) (0.1) % Income before taxes 43,617 12.4 % 42,278 11.6 % Provision for income taxes 11,419 3.3 % 11,555 3.2 % Net income $ 32,198 9.1 % $ 30,723 8.4 % The following table sets forth the Company’s net sales by reportable segment for the three months ended June 30, (in thousands): Impact of 2024 2023 Total Change Acquisitions Portfolio Management Ongoing Operations Net sales: Residential $ 214,316 $ 228,234 $ (13,918) $ 2,193 $ — $ (16,111) Renewables 79,381 77,459 1,922 — (4,081) 6,003 Agtech 34,508 35,028 (520) — (765) 245 Infrastructure 24,800 24,193 607 — — 607 Consolidated $ 353,005 $ 364,914 $ (11,909) $ 2,193 $ (4,846) $ (9,256) Consolidated net sales decreased by $11.9 million, or 3.3%, to $353.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The net sales decrease was largely due to a 3% decrease in organic revenue, the combined result of a 2% volume decline and a 1% decrease in pricing to customers, along with portfolio management activities in the prior year quarter. Growth in the Company's Renewables, Agtech and Infrastructure segments, along with revenue of $2.2 million generated from a recent 20 Table of Contents acquisition, was more than offset by $4.8 million of sales related to portfolio management along with a decline in revenue in the Company's Residential segment. Consolidated backlog decreased 4% to $389 million, as compared to the end of the prior year quarter. Net sales in the Company's Residential segment decreased $13.9 million, or 6.1%, to $214.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $228.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Organic sales decline of 7.1% was impacted by a slowing in end market activity in the business and inventory reduction actions at certain retail customers during the quarter. This decrease was partially offset by participation gains with new and existing customers and geographic expansion in the Rocky Mountain region, along with $2.2 million of revenue generated by the recent acquisition. Net sales in the Company's Renewables segment increased $1.9 million, or 2.5%, to $79.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $77.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was driven by customer uptake to the Company's new tracker product, partially offset by portfolio management activities. Despite a growing pipeline of new projects across all product lines, order backlog decreased 10% during the quarter as some customers paused signing new contracts as they worked through trade and/or regulatory items specific to their projects. Net sales in the Company's Agtech segment decreased 1.4%, or $0.5 million, to $34.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $35.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The revenue decline was the result of portfolio management actions in the prior year. Revenue was impacted by new projects starting later in the current year quarter, with June revenue up significantly over May. Backlog increased 32% year over year in this segment as new projects booked were greater than $90 million during the current year quarter. Net sales in the Company's Infrastructure segment increased 2.5%, or $0.6 million, to $24.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $24.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in revenue was driven by continued strong execution and market participation gains. Backlog decreased 12% as expected from the prior year due to the final stages of a large project booked in 2023, while demand and quoting remain strong. The Company's consolidated gross margin increased to 27.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 26.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was driven by improved price to material cost alignment, and continued operational efficiencies, along with 80/20 initiatives and favorable business and product mix. Selling, general, and administrative ("SG&A") expenses decreased by $0.3 million, or 0.5% to $53.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $53.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The $0.3 million decrease was primarily due to lower performance-based compensation expense as compared to the prior year quarter. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales increased to 15.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 14.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The following table sets forth the Company’s income from operations and income from operations as a percentage of net sales by reportable segment for the three months ended June 30, (in thousands): 2024 2023 Total Change Income from operations: Residential $ 43,313 20.2 % $ 43,959 19.3 % $ (646) Renewables 1,647 2.1 % 5,908 7.6 % (4,261) Agtech 2,282 6.6 % (1,117) (3.2) % 3,399 Infrastructure 6,215 25.1 % 5,828 24.1 % 387 Unallocated Corporate Expenses (10,988) (3.1) % (11,501) (3.2) % 513 Consolidated income from operations $ 42,469 12.0 % $ 43,077 11.8 % $ (608) The Residential segment generated an operating margin of 20.2% in the current year quarter compared to 19.3% in the prior year quarter. Operating margin improved year over year, driven by solid execution and effective price/cost management. 21 Table of Contents The Renewables segment generated an operating margin of 2.1% in the current year quarter compared to 7.6% in the prior year quarter. The decrease in operating margin was a result of product line mix associated with the ramp up of the new tracker product line in the current year quarter. Furthermore, margin was impacted by restructuring charges incurred during the quarter related to addressing customer issues arising from the discontinued legacy solar tracker solution. This margin decrease was partially offset by strong execution and field efficiencies on projects underway. The Agtech segment generated an operating margin of 6.6% in the current year quarter compared to (3.2)% in the prior year quarter. Operating margin improved year over year due to the impact of portfolio management charges related to the liquidation of the processing business incurred in the prior year partially offset by a product mix shift in projects across the segment during the current year. The Infrastructure segment generated an operating margin of 25.1% during the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 24.1% during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The margin improved year over year due to favorable price/cost alignment, ongoing strong operating execution, 80/20 productivity, and improving product mix. Unallocated corporate expenses decreased $0.5 million from $11.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $11.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in expense was primarily the result of lower performance-based compensation expense as compared to the prior year quarter. The Company recorded interest income of $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to interest expense of $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Income during the current year quarter was the result of earnings on certain interest-bearing cash accounts. Expense in the prior year quarter was the result of an outstanding balance on the Company's revolving credit facility for the three months ended June 30, 2023, while no amounts were outstanding during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The Company recorded other expense of $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to other income of $0.5 million recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The change year over year is the result of costs related to the liquidation of the processing business. The Company recognized a provision for income taxes of $11.4 million and $11.6 million, with effective tax rates of 26.2% and 27.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively, was greater than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to state taxes and nondeductible permanent differences partially offset by favorable discrete items due to an excess tax benefit on stock-based compensation. Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 The following table sets forth selected results of operations data and its percentage of net sales for the six months ended June 30 (in thousands): 2024 2023 Net sales $ 645,511 100.0 % $ 658,181 100.0 % Cost of sales 465,250 72.1 % 484,513 73.6 % Gross profit 180,261 27.9 % 173,668 26.4 % Selling, general, and administrative expense 106,056 16.4 % 101,221 15.4 % Income from operations 74,205 11.5 % 72,447 11.0 % Interest (income) expense (2,245) (0.3) % 2,799 0.4 % Other income (674) (0.1) % (906) (0.1) % Income before taxes 77,124 11.9 % 70,554 10.7 % Provision for income taxes 19,980 3.0 % 18,732 2.8 % Net income $ 57,144 8.9 % $ 51,822 7.9 % 22 Table of Contents The following table sets forth the Company’s net sales by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, (in thousands): Impact of 2024 2023 Total Change Acquisitions Portfolio Management Ongoing Operations Net sales: Residential $ 399,427 $ 407,729 $ (8,302) $ 3,480 $ — $ (11,782) Renewables 130,877 136,664 (5,787) — (6,031) 244 Agtech 68,535 70,880 (2,345) — (3,279) 934 Infrastructure 46,672 42,908 3,764 — — 3,764 Consolidated $ 645,511 $ 658,181 $ (12,670) $ 3,480 $ (9,310) $ (6,840) Consolidated net sales decreased by $12.7 million, or 1.9%, to $645.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. The net sales decrease was the combined result of volume decline in the Company's Residential segment along with portfolio management activities in the prior year. This decrease was partially offset by growth in the Company's Infrastructure, Agtech and Renewables segments, along with revenue of $3.5 million generated from a recent acquisition. Consolidated backlog decreased 4% to $389 million, as compared to the end of the prior year period. Net sales in the Company's Residential segment decreased $8.3 million, or 2.0%, to $399.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $407.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Organic decline of 2.9% was impacted by a slowing in end market activity in the business and inventory reduction actions at certain retail customers during the latter part of the six month period. This decrease was partially offset by participation gains with new and existing customers and geographic expansion in the Rocky Mountain region, along with $3.5 million of revenue generated by the recent acquisition. Net sales in the Company's Renewables segment decreased $5.8 million, or 4.2%, to $130.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $136.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decline in net sales was the result of portfolio management actions in the prior year. Despite a growing pipeline of new projects across all product lines, order backlog decreased 10% from the prior year as some customers paused signing new contracts as they worked through trade and/or regulatory items specific to their projects. Net sales in the Company's Agtech segment decreased 3.2%, or $2.3 million, to $68.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $70.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The revenue declined due to $3.3 million of revenues recorded in the prior year related to portfolio management actions which were partially offset by timing of new contract signings, as projects recently booked began to generate revenue during the latter part of the current year period. Backlog increased 32% year over year in this segment as new projects booked were greater than $90 million during the current year quarter. Net sales in the Company's Infrastructure segment increased 8.9%, or $3.8 million, to $46.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $42.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in revenue was driven by continued strong execution and market participation gains. Backlog decreased 12% as expected from the prior year due to the final stages of a large project booked in 2023, while demand and quoting remain strong. The Company's consolidated gross margin increased to 27.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 26.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was driven by improved price to material cost alignment, and continued operational efficiencies, along with 80/20 initiatives and favorable business and product mix. SG&A expenses increased by $4.8 million, or 4.8% to $106.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $101.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The $4.8 million increase was primarily due to higher performance-based compensation expense as compared to the prior year. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales increased to 16.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 15.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2023. 23 Table of Contents The following table sets forth the Company’s income from operations and income from operations as a percentage of net sales by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, (in thousands): 2024 2023 Total Change Income from operations: Residential $ 77,659 19.4 % $ 73,468 18.0 % $ 4,191 Renewables 3,291 2.5 % 8,177 6.0 % (4,886) Agtech 4,890 7.1 % 1,213 1.7 % 3,677 Infrastructure 11,111 23.8 % 8,542 19.9 % 2,569 Unallocated Corporate Expenses (22,746) (3.5) % (18,953) (2.9) % (3,793) Consolidated income from operations $ 74,205 11.5 % $ 72,447 11.0 % $ 1,758 The Residential segment generated an operating margin of 19.4% in the current year compared to 18.0% in the prior year. Operating margin improved year over year, driven by solid execution, effective price/cost management and 80/20 productivity. The Renewables segment generated an operating margin of 2.5% in the current year compared to 6.0% in the prior year. The decrease in operating margin was a result of product line mix associated with the ramp up of the new tracker product line in the current year along with the impact of restructuring activities related to addressing customer issues arising from the discontinued legacy solar tracker solution and prior year portfolio management actions, partially offset by strong execution and field efficiencies on projects underway. The Agtech segment generated an operating margin of 7.1% in the current year compared to 1.7% in the prior year. Operating margin improved year over year due to the impact of restructuring costs incurred in the prior year partially offset by product mix across the segment. The Infrastructure segment generated an operating margin of 23.8% during the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 19.9% during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The margin improved year over year driven by favorable price/cost alignment, ongoing strong operating execution, 80/20 productivity, and improving product mix. Unallocated corporate expenses increased $3.8 million from $19.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $22.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in expense was primarily the result of higher performance-based compensation expense as compared to the prior year. The Company recorded interest income of $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to interest expense of $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Income in the current year was the result of earnings on certain interest-bearing cash accounts. Expense in the prior year was the result of an outstanding balance on the Company's revolving credit facility for the six months ended June 30, 2023, while no amounts were outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Other income decreased year over year with $0.7 million recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $0.9 million recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The change year over year is the combined result of $1.0 million of working capital and other adjustments recorded in the current year, relating to the sale of the Company's Japan-based solar racking business within its Renewables segment, costs related to the liquidation of the processing business and foreign currency translation fluctuations. The Company recognized a provision for income taxes of $20.0 million and $18.7 million, with effective tax rates of 25.9% and 26.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively, was greater than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to state taxes and nondeductible permanent differences partially offset by favorable discrete items due to an excess tax benefit on stock-based compensation. 24 Table of Contents Liquidity and Capital Resources The following table sets forth the Company's liquidity position as of (in thousands): June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Cash and cash equivalents $ 179,102 $ 99,426 Availability on revolving credit facility 395,055 396,056 $ 574,157 $ 495,482 Sources of Liquidity The Company's primary sources of liquidity are comprised of cash on hand and its available borrowing capacity provided under the Company's Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility and letters of credit in an aggregate amount equal to $400 million and terminates on December 8, 2027. The Company can request additional financing to increase the revolving credit facility to $700 million or enter into a term loan of up to $300 million subject to conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement. See Note 7 to the Company's consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on the Credit Agreement. Generally, the Company's foreign operations have generated cash flow from operations sufficient to invest in working capital and fund their capital improvements. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's foreign subsidiaries held $14.2 million and $6.9 million of cash, respectively. The Company believes that these sources, together with cash expected to be generated from operations, should provide the Company with ample liquidity and capital resources to meet its cash requirements and to continue to invest in operational excellence, growth initiatives and the development of the organization. Uses of Cash / Cash Requirements The Company's material short-term cash requirements primarily include accounts payable, certain employee and retiree benefit-related obligations, operating lease obligations, capital expenditures, and other purchase obligations originating in the normal course of business for inventory purchase orders and contractual service agreements. The Company's principal capital requirements are to fund its operations' working capital and capital improvements, as well as provide capital for acquisitions and to strategically allocate capital through repurchases of Company stock under the Company's current authorized program ending May 2, 2025. The Company will continue to invest in growth opportunities as appropriate while focusing on working capital efficiency and profit improvement opportunities to minimize the cash invested to operate its business. Over the long-term, the Company expects that future investments, including strategic business acquisitions, may be financed through a number of sources, including internally available cash, availability under the Credit Agreement, new debt financing, the issuance of equity securities, or any combination of the aforementioned. These expectations are forward-looking statements based upon currently available information and may change if conditions in the credit and equity markets deteriorate or other circumstances change. To the extent that operating cash flows are lower than current levels, or sources of financing are not available or not available at acceptable terms, the Company's future liquidity may be adversely affected. Except as disclosed above, there have been no material changes in the Company's cash requirements since December 31, 2023. See Part II, Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. 25 Table of Contents Cash Flows The following table sets forth selected cash flow data for the six months ended June 30, (in thousands): 2024 2023 Cash provided by (used in): Operating activities $ 89,653 $ 114,094 Investing activities (8,357) (4,730) Financing activities (1,447) (107,970) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes (173) (381) Net increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 79,676 $ 1,013 Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 of $89.7 million consisted of net income of $57.1 million, non-cash net charges totaling $22.4 million, which include depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, exit activity costs and other non-cash charges, and $10.2 million of cash generated from working capital and other net operating assets. The cash generated from working capital and other net operating assets was largely due to increases in accounts payable, the result of the timing of purchases and vendor payments, and billings in excess of costs, the result of increased advance payments from and billings to customers on projects. These activities were partially offset by increases in accounts receivable and inventory, largely the result of seasonal demand. Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 of $114.1 million consisted of net income of $51.8 million, non-cash net charges totaling $21.6 million, which include depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, exit activity recoveries and other non-cash charges, and $40.7 million of cash generated from working capital and other net operating assets. The cash generated from working capital and other net operating assets was largely due to increases in accounts payable, the result of the timing of purchases and vendor payments, and billings in excess of costs, the result of increased advance payments from and billings to customers on projects. In addition, cash was generated due to the Company's focus on reducing its investment in inventory to better align with lower sales volumes while still meeting customer demand. These activities were partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable largely the result of seasonal increases in demand. Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 of $8.4 million was primarily due to net capital expenditures of $8.7 million, offset by receipt of the $0.3 million final working capital settlement resulting from the sale of the Company's Japan-based solar racking business in the Company's Renewables segment in the fourth quarter of 2023. Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 of $4.7 million was primarily due to net capital expenditures of $5.3 million, offset by receipt of the $0.6 million final working capital settlement resulting from the 2022 acquisition of QAP. Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 of $1.4 million consisted of common stock repurchases related to the net settlement of tax obligations for participants in the Company's equity incentive plans. Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 of $108.0 million consisted of net long-term debt payments of $79.2 million and $28.8 million of common stock repurchases. Net long-term debt payments consisted of $120.0 million in long-term debt payments, offset by $40.8 million in proceeds from borrowing on the Company's long-term debt credit facility. The Company paid $26.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 related to repurchase of 538,575 shares under the Company's authorized share repurchase program. The remainder of the repurchased common stock of $2.8 million related to the net settlement of tax obligations for participants in the Company's equity incentive plans. 26 Table of Contents Critical Accounting Estimates There have been no material changes to the Company's critical accounting estimates during the six months ended June 30, 2024 from those disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Recent Accounting Pronouncements See Note 1 to the Company's consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on recent accounting pronouncements.