What changed in this filing

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis

2025-05-15 compared with 2024-11-14 · 333 added, 595 removed, 19 unchanged (98% of the section changed)

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Unaudited

Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

The information

contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment

in our common stock.

We urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this Quarterly Report and in

our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A

for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed on August 8, 2024, and the related audited financial statements and notes included therein.

statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section

27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”).

Forward-looking

statements are projections in respect of future events or our future financial performance.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking

statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “intend,” “expect,”

“plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,”

or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.

These statements are only predictions and involve

known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity

or performance to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity or performance expressed or implied by these forward-looking

Management’s Discussion and

Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Statement

The following discussion

and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Unaudited Condensed Financial

Statements and the related notes thereto contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

The information contained in this Quarterly

Report on Form 10-Q is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment in our common stock.

urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this Quarterly Report and in our other reports filed

with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December

31, 2024 filed on March 31, 2025, and the related audited financial statements and notes included therein.

Certain statements made in

this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities

Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”).

Forward-looking statements are projections

in respect of future events or our future financial performance.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology

such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “intend,” “expect,” “plan,”

“anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” or “continue”

or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.

These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks,

uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity or performance to be

materially different from any future results, levels of activity or performance expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

These risks and uncertainties include:

general economic and financial market conditions;

our ability to obtain additional

financing as necessary;

our ability to obtain additional financing as

our ability to continue operating as a going concern;

any adverse occurrence with respect to our business or;

results of our research and development activities that are less positive than we expect;

our ability to bring our intended products

market demand for our intended products;

shifts in industry capacity;

product development or other initiatives by our competitors;

fluctuations in the availability and costs of raw materials required in our drug development process;

any adverse occurrence with respect to our business:

other factors beyond our control;

and the other risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on

August 8, 2024.

we believe that the expectations and assumptions reflected in the forward-looking statements we make are reasonable, we cannot guarantee

future results, levels of activity or performance.

In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent

to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed by any forward-looking

and the other

risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025.

Although we believe that

the expectations and assumptions reflected in the forward-looking statements we make are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results,

levels of activity or performance.

In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any

factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed by any forward-looking statements.

As a result, readers should not place undue reliance on any of the forward-looking statements we make in this report.

3 unchanged sentences

publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.

is a public company dedicated to improving the health and wellness of people and the planet through a novel and innovative approach to

impact investing.

We own and operate several complementary operating businesses focused on developing long-term solutions to environmental,

social, and health challenges, with a particular focus on acquiring, reclaiming and repurposing mine sites and other undervalued land

in economically disadvantaged communities throughout Appalachia.

Range takes an opportunistic approach to impact investing by leveraging

its competitive advantages and looking at solving old problems in new ways.

Range seeks to thoughtfully allocate its capital into strategic

opportunities that are expected to make a positive impact on the people-planet ecosystem and generate strong investment returns for its

Company Overview

Range is a public

company dedicated to improving the health and wellness of people and the planet through a novel and innovative approach to impact

We are focused on developing long-term solutions to

environmental, social, and health challenges, with a particular focus on acquiring, reclaiming and repurposing mine sites and other

undervalued land in economically disadvantaged communities throughout Appalachia.

We seek to take an opportunistic approach to impact

investing by leveraging our competitive advantages and looking at solving old problems in new ways.

We seek to thoughtfully

allocate its capital into strategic opportunities that are expected to make a positive impact on the people-planet ecosystem and

generate strong investment returns for our shareholders.

Our corporate headquarters

is located in Cleveland, Ohio, with an additional office in Fola, West Virginia.

As of May 15, 2025, we employed 18 full-time employees.

In addition, we have, from time to time, engaged various consultants and professional service firms to provide us with flexible and experienced

resources to advance our corporate objectives in order to maintain a cost-effective overhead structure.

We strive to instill a corporate

culture of honesty, integrity and respect while advancing our mission of doing well by doing good.

Impact Investing Strategy

Our impact investing strategy

aims to improve the health and wellness of people and the planet, while also generating long-term sustainable financial returns for our

shareholders.

corporate headquarters is located in Cleveland, Ohio with an additional office location in Fola, West Virginia.

As of November 13,

2024, we employed 24 full-time employees.

In addition, we have, from time to time, engaged various consultants and professional

service firms to provide us with flexible and experienced resources to advance our corporate objectives in order to maintain a

cost-effective overhead structure.

We strive to instill a corporate culture of honesty, integrity and respect while advancing our

mission of doing well by doing good.

Investing Strategy

impact investing strategy aims to improve the health and wellness of people and the planet, while also generating long-term sustainable

financial returns for our shareholders.

We believe that doing well and doing good are not mutually exclusive, and that an impact investing

strategy can balance the environmental, social and economic needs of people and the planet while also generating attractive risk-adjusted

financial returns for shareholders.

impact investing strategy provides an opportunity for our dedicated team to address pressing environmental, social and economic challenges,

such as air and water pollution, educational inequality and economic disparity, and climate change, through the development of technology-based

By actively directing investment capital towards businesses that are working to create positive environmental, social and

economic outcomes, we believe that our impact investing strategy can contribute to an improved people-planet ecosystem and a healthier

and happier way of life.

have a particular interest in providing environmental and social solutions in economically-disadvantaged regions of the United States.

Initially, the Company is targeting the Appalachian region, which is home to communities with some of the most disadvantaged income,

education and employment demographics in the United States.

Our ambitious strategy is to allocate investment capital and build operating

businesses that provide positive environmental and social impact in the disadvantaged coal communities of Appalachia to maximize the

good we can do for people and the planet.

Business Segments

five operating business segments are:

(i) Range Reclaim;

(ii) Range Minerals;

(iii) Range Water;

(iv) Range Security;

and (v) Range Land.

May 2022, the Company acquired Range Environmental Resources, Inc., a West Virginia corporation (“Range Environmental”).

Range Environmental provides land reclamation and water restoration services to customers throughout the Appalachian region with the

goal of returning land to pre-mining conditions or repurposing the land for natural, commercial, agricultural or recreational use.

Environmental’s water restoration services seek to improve the water quality of rivers, streams and discharges through novel and

innovative treatment applications to help customers meet their various regulatory standards and requirements.

Energy Information Administration (“EIA”), the United States had 551 coal mines in 2020, comprised of 370 active

mines, 141 idled or closed mines, and 40 new or activated mines.

Approximately 82% of those coal mines were located in Appalachia (which

comprises the Appalachian Mountains and is commonly known as the cultural region in the Eastern United States stretching from the southern

part of New York to the northern parts of Alabama and Georgia).

According to the EIA, there were approximately three times as many coal

mines in the United States in 2008 compared to 2020 with approximately 89% located in Appalachia.

The precipitous decline in the number

of operating coal mines since 2008 is due to various supply, demand and regulatory factors, including a reduction in demand for coal

as a source of electricity due to the increased use of natural gas and renewable energy, an increase in coal production costs due to

inflation, the dearth of cost-effective locations remaining for mining, and a more stringent and costly regulatory environment, all of

which have resulted in an increasingly difficult market for coal producers.

2000, coal was responsible for 1,966 billion kWh of electricity generation, which represented 52% of the total electricity generation

We believe that doing well and doing good are not mutually exclusive, and that an impact investing strategy can balance

the environmental, social and economic needs of people and the planet while also generating attractive risk-adjusted financial returns

for shareholders.

Our impact investing

strategy provides an opportunity for our dedicated team to address pressing environmental, social and economic challenges, such as

air and water pollution, educational inequality and economic disparity, and climate change, through the development and

implementation of innovative and creative solutions.

By actively directing investment capital towards businesses that are working to create

positive environmental, social and economic outcomes, we believe that our impact investing strategy can contribute to an improved

people-planet ecosystem and a healthier and happier way of life.

We have a particular interest

in providing environmental and social solutions in economically-disadvantaged regions of the United States.

Initially, the Company is

targeting the Appalachian region, which is home to communities with some of the most disadvantaged income, education and employment demographics

in the United States.

By contrast, in 2022, coal was responsible for only 828 billion kWh of electricity generation, which represented

20% of the total electricity generation in the United States.

According to the EIA, 23% of the 200,568 megawatts of coal-fired capacity

currently operating in the United States is scheduled to be retired by the end of 2029 due to the high cost of operations, continued

competition from natural gas and renewable energy resources, and sustainable initiatives of energy producers.

the reclamation of closed and inactive mine sites has not kept pace with the increase in closed and idled mine sites, thus creating a

substantial backlog of reclamation work that needs to be completed on former mine sites.

According to the U.S.

Office of Surfacing Mining

Reclamation and Enforcement (“OSMRE”), there are approximately 50,000 high-priority abandoned mine land locations in the

United States resulting from legacy coal mining operations that failed to adequately reclaim the land and waterways back to their natural

Additionally, there are tens of thousands of active mine sites in the United States that require contemporaneous reclamation of

land and waterways during the active mining process, and an estimated equally large number of idled mine locations that also require

significant land reclamation and water restoration services.

the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (“SMRCA”), OSMRE was established for two basic purposes:

(i) to ensure

coal mines in the United States operate in a manner that protects citizens and the environment during mining operations and to restore

the land to beneficial use following mining;

and (ii) to implement an Abandoned Mine Land (“AML”) reclamation program to

address the hazards and environmental degradation resulting from two centuries of coal mining activities that occurred before SMRCA was

passed in 1977.

The AML reclamation program is funded through fees levied against coal producers based on tons of coal produced.

September 2020, the AML reclamation fund had collected a total of $11.7 billion in coal mining fees over the life of the program, with

$9.5 billion (81%) appropriated and distributed in accordance with SMCRA, and $2.2 billion (19%) unappropriated and available for future

disbursement.

In November 2021, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act was enacted, which, among other things, authorized $11.3 billion

in new funding to be appropriated for deposit into the AML reclamation fund.

Importantly, the AML reclamation fund is only available

to help fund the reclamation of mines abandoned before SMCRA was enacted in 1977;

therefore, all mines abandoned after the year 1977

cannot access funding from the AML reclamation fund and must obtain funding from other sources.

much of the funding for this reclamation work comes from the federal government, each state in Appalachia has a Department of Environmental

Protection or an equivalent agency (“DEP”) that oversees coal mining permitting, operations, and reclamation.

Under DEP rules

and regulations, coal mining companies are required to develop a mining and reclamation plan that is approved by the applicable state

agency, obtain a mining permit from the state, and secure a reclamation surety bond from a qualified third-party insurance company or

provide a comparable financial guarantee.

The reclamation surety bond provides the state with financial assurances that land reclamation

and waterway restoration will be performed in accordance with the original reclamation plan once mining is complete if the coal mining

company, as primary obligor, fails to perform.

Therefore, there are at least three groups who may need land reclamation, water restoration

and environmental auditing services:

(i) mining companies when permits are active and reclamation bonds are not in default;

bond insurers when reclamation bonds are in default;

and (iii) states through their AML reclamation funds for mine lands abandoned before

1977 and for mine lands with defaulted coal mining companies and surety bond insurers after 1977.

Range Environmental currently provides reclamation and water treatment

services to one customer at one large mining complex located in Fola, West Virginia (the “Fola Mine”).

Range Environmental

employs 15 full-time workers and owns over 50 pieces of equipment, trucks and accessories that are used in its business operations.

Occasionally,

Range Environmental will also rent or lease specific pieces of equipment for certain tasks.

Range Environmental operates in a highly-competitive

market environment with high price sensitivity of customers and inflationary pressures on labor, material and supply costs, therefore

operating efficiency and asset utilization are key drivers of profitability and performance.

Range Environmental uses minimal raw materials

in connection with its reclamation services at the Fola Mine, other than grass seed, trees, water treatment solutions and other related

reclamation and water treatment supplies, which are reimbursed by its customer.

Range Environmental does not own any intellectual property

and does not require any government approvals to provide reclamation services at the Fola Mine, other than standard business licenses

and safety training for workers.

August 2023, the Company acquired Collins Building & Contracting, Inc.

(“Collins Building”), a West Virginia-based environmental

services business focused on performing reclamation services on AML sites throughout West Virginia.

After the acquisition, the Company used Range Environmental employees to

perform reclamation services on AML sites using Range Environmental equipment and Collins Building equipment.

The Company subsequently

determined that AML reclamation work was more administratively and operationally challenging than anticipated, and that the Company was

devoting a disproportionate amount of time, capital and human resources allocated to these AML projects, particularly when compared to

alternative opportunities in the marketplace.

In August 2024, the Company sold substantially all of the assets of Collins Building

back to its previous owner in exchange for discharge of the outstanding indebtedness incurred in connection with the August 2023 acquisition.

The Company completed its final AML jobs in early November 2024, and subcontracted its remaining three active AML jobs to the previous

owner of Collins Building as part of the August 2024 transaction.

As of the date of this filing, the Company is no longer involved

in the AML reclamation business.

Collins Building, along

with Range Environmental, are classified within the Range Reclaim operating business segment.

May 2022, the Company acquired Range Natural Resources, Inc., a West Virginia corporation (“Range Natural”).

Range Natural

provided mining and reclamation services using six of its own employees and two third-party mining subcontractors for its one customer

at the Fola Mine until December 2023.

Range Natural operates in a highly-competitive market environment with high price sensitivity of

customers and inflationary pressures on labor, material and supply costs, therefore operating efficiency and asset utilization are key

drivers of profitability and performance.

Range Natural uses minimal raw materials in connection with its mining and reclamation services

at the Fola Mine, other than grass seed and other related reclamation supplies, which are reimbursed by its customer.

Range Natural does

not own any intellectual property and does not require any government approvals to provide mining and reclamation services at the Fola

Mine, other than standard business licenses, mining operator permits, and safety training for workers.

Range Natural billed its sole

customer using a “rates and hours” method for its own employees and a “cost plus margin” method for its subcontractors.

Range Natural employees used Range Natural equipment and Range Natural subcontractors used their own equipment in performing the mining

and reclamation services.

In December 2023, all of the Range Natural employees were terminated and the mining equipment subsequently

sold since Range Natural was no longer directly providing mining and reclamation services at the Fola Mine.

Beginning in January 2024,

Range Natural had no employees, equipment or operations, other than contracts with third-party subcontractors.

January 2024, the Company separated Range Natural’s results from the “Range Reclaim” reporting segment and included

Range Natural’s results in a separate “Range Minerals” reporting segment.

The Company believes reporting the results

of Range Minerals separately from Range Reclaim will provide better insight and transparency into the overall operational performance

of both operating business segments.

January 2024 to May 2024, Range Natural engaged two subcontractors to perform mining and reclamation services for its one customer at

Our ambitious strategy is to acquire large mine sites burdened by substantial legacy reclamation

obligations and use our team and resources to perform the requisite reclamation activities and obtain full bond release, thereby unlocking

the underlying value of the land and creating a critical catalyst for sustainable, long-term economic development in the disadvantaged

coal communities of Appalachia.

Operating Business Segments

Our two operating

business segments are Range Land and Range Services.

Range Land, LLC, an Ohio limited

liability company (“Range Land”), is a wholly-owned subsidiary focused

on acquiring former mine lands with the goal of reclaiming and repurposing the sites for non-fossil fuel uses, including commercial, industrial,

residential and recreational developments, with a particular focus on renewable energy facilities,

innovative agricultural installations, and projects focused on improving the quality and condition of our air, land and waterways.

According to industry estimates,

Appalachia contains nearly one million acres of abandoned, idled and non-performing mine sites that are burdened with significant land

reclamation and water restoration obligations.

Many of these troubled mine sites are subject to mining permits and associated reclamation

bonds, which as a result, prevents the land from being repurposed for non-mining uses until the land has been reclaimed and the permits

and bonds have been released by the applicable state’s environmental protection department.

Water quality is a particularly challenging

issue since a permit can only be released if the site has at least 12-months of compliant water samples without active chemical treatment,

which heightens the need for water restoration solutions to help transition former mine land to economically viable non-mining uses.

The Company has assembled the

internal resources and capabilities to reclaim land, restore waterways, install innovative water treatment solutions, and secure mine

sites to protect the significant historical investment in infrastructure.

In addition, the Company has expertise

in the permit and bond release process, which is a critical to unlocking the underlying value of a former mine land

for non-fossil fuel uses.

Range Land is actively reviewing several mine sites throughout Appalachia to acquire, reclaim and repurpose

in order to improve the land and create non-fossil fuel economic development opportunities for disadvantaged local coal communities.

In September 2023, Range

Land, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, CLV Azurite Land, LLC (“CLV Azurite”), acquired over 1,700 acres of surface

interest at an idled mine complex in West Virginia.

CLV Azurite is in active discussions with the holder of the permits and bonds

associated with the acquired land in order that the acquired surface acreage can be repurposed for alternative non-fossil fuel uses.

CLV Azurite is in concurrent active discussions with two experienced and well-capitalized solar developers to convert the former

mine land into a large solar energy facility on a majority of the acquired surface acreage, as well as additional acreage for

commercial, industrial, recreational and residential development pursuant to which the solar developer would pay a

negotiated amount on a per acre basis.

On March 31, 2025, the

Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Range Sky View Land, LLC, acquired 120,154 acres of fee, surface and mineral interests

at the Fola mine complex (“Fola Mine”) located in Clay and Nicholas Counties, West Virginia pursuant to which the

Company acquired 15 mining permits with an estimated reclamation obligation of $29,282,126 and assumed an

obligation to manage an additional 21 mining permits with an estimated reclamation obligation of $13,796,945.

result, on March 31, 2025, the Company recorded AROs of $43,079,071 related to the Fola Acquisition and capitalized an equal amount

onto the fair value of the acquired land on that same date.

The Company also assumed two coal royalty contracts and one 25-year

solar lease with a multi-national corporation for the development of a large-scale solar project located on more than 1,500 acres at

the Fola Mine.

Range Natural was responsible for paying both subcontractors on a bi-monthly basis and then charged its customer using

a “cost plus margin” method.

May 2024, Range Natural engaged a primary contractor to fund the bi-monthly payments due to the same two subcontractors performing mining

and reclamation services for its one customer at the Fola Mine.

As of June 30, 2024, the primary contractor failed to perform and therefore

the contract was terminated.

June 30, 2024, as part of the contract termination, Range Natural agreed to assume the liability due to the subcontractors in exchange

for the ownership of the coal that had been mined by the subcontractor, and all contractual relationships with third-party contractors

and subcontractors were terminated.

In August 2024, Range Natural sold all of the coal that it had acquired as part of the contract termination

and subsequently paid in full all amounts due to the subcontractors.

Range Natural currently has no, and has no future plans to have

any, employees, equipment, contractual relationships, or operations, and therefore intends to discontinue the Range Minerals operating

business segment beginning in 2025.

Preta, LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“Terra Preta”), is a biochar product development and environmental

solutions business started by the Company in December 2022.

Terra Preta is developing a novel and innovative combination of biochar,

proprietary materials and structural designs intended to create several first-of-its-kind agricultural and water filtration products

and solutions.

Terra Preta’s research and development efforts have been put on hold until the Company has raised additional

capital to fund the advancement of its biochar-based agricultural and water filtration products.

is a solid, lightweight carbon-rich material produced by the thermal decomposition of organic material (such as cellulosic feedstock,

including wood and plants) using a chemical-conversion process known as pyrolysis.

Carbonization pyrolysis is a chemical degradation

process that heats organic materials to produce carbon-rich biochar, liquid bio-oils, and syngas products.

Since organic material is

thermally decomposed without oxygen during the pyrolysis process, combustion does not occur, so the process allows for the permanent

capture of carbon in the biochar end-product and eliminates the release of climate-damaging carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

yield of biochar during the carbonization pyrolysis process depends on several variables such as temperature, heating time and heating

Lower temperatures, longer heating times and lower heating rates typically yield more biochar and less bio-oil and syngas.

Preta has been launched to build a full-cycle, carbon-negative business that reduces greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, passively

filters contaminated water without the use of harsh chemicals, and provides a fortified, nutrient-rich soil amendment to improve the

growth of agricultural products.

gases, comprised of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, are gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, and are

generally believed to result in warmer temperatures and climate change, including changing weather patterns, rising sea levels, and more

extreme weather events.

Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through, among other things, the burning of fossil fuels, solid waste and

other biomass materials, and is removed from the atmosphere when absorbed by plants during the photosynthesis process.

Terra Preta would seek to lease or acquire former mine land for the planting, growth and harvesting of crops to serve as the primary feedstock for our biochar production operations.

The newly planted crops would then act as a “carbon sink”, drawing substantial amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

into the plants through the photosynthesis process.

When the plants are harvested, biochar is produced through the carbonization pyrolysis

process and the captured carbon dioxide is permanently preserved as carbon in the biochar product for use in water treatment and agricultural

to rules adopted under the Clean Water Act of 1972 (“Clean Water Act”), the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”)

has implemented various pollution control programs such as wastewater standards for industry and recommendations for pollutants in surface

The Clean Water Act prohibits any party from discharging pollutants into a water of the United States unless they have a permit

issued under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (“NPDES”), which contains limits on what a party can discharge

and establishes monitoring and reporting requirements.

On mining sites, coal operators are required to sample and test their water discharges

on a regular basis to ensure compliance with the Clean Water Act and applicable NPDES permits.

Currently, most mining operators treat

non-compliant water with temporary holding ponds and expensive chemicals such as pH adjusters, coagulants and flocculants that require

constant reapplication to ensure compliance.

Terra Preta will focus on developing a proprietary, biochar-based passive treatment system

that treats non-compliant mine site discharges to ensure compliance with the Clean Water Act and NPDES permits without the need for holding

ponds or expensive chemicals.

agriculture plays a critical role in the stability, growth, and diversification of our future food supply chain and the growth of plants

intended to serve as a carbon sink to reduce greenhouse gases.

High-quality soil, a key condition for sustainable agriculture, requires

organic matter, microorganisms, nutrients, and optimal compaction.

Subsoils with a sufficient number of air-filled pores have little

restriction to drainage and aeration, and typically are able to decompose and cycle organic matter and nutrients more efficiently.

Alternatively,

soil with poor aeration leads to the build-up of carbon dioxide, reduces the ability of plants to absorb water and nutrients, and leads

to increased plant stress and root disease.

To help address the ill effects of soil compaction, Terra Preta plans to develop a proprietary,

fortified biochar soil amendment that provides unique soil structuring characteristics that will allow plants to grow strong roots that

optimize the absorption of water and nutrients, thereby reducing root stress and disease.

December 2022, Terra Preta filed trademarks for biochar goods and services related to agricultural and water treatment applications.

In March 2023, Terra Preta filed provisional patents related to novel and innovative agricultural and water treatment solutions and

Additionally, in March 2023, Terra Preta purchased two pyrolysis ovens with the capacity to produce one ton of biochar per

day to advance our research and development activities.

In July 2024, the biochar ovens were dismantled since they were no longer being used for small batch biochar production.

We are currently evaluating the purchase of a large continuous-process pyrolysis oven to increase the scale of our biochar

production to commercial levels once adequate funding is secured to advance this initiative.

Security Resources, LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“Range Security”), is an environmental security services business

started by the Company in November 2022.

Range Security is focused on providing eco-friendly, technology-driven security services to

active and former mine sites, with a particular focus on locations transitioning from coal mining to next generation industries and uses.

Range Security is intended to serve as a complementary business to the Range Reclaim and Range Minerals entities.

sites in the Appalachian region frequently comprise thousands of acres of natural habitat with valuable infrastructure and operating

assets disbursed across large tracts of land.

However, many of these mine sites lack adequate broadband access or cellular service, and

therefore traditional technology-based security solutions are not available.

Also, due to the large land areas and often challenging

access roads and mountainous terrain, consistent visual confirmation of the safety and security of high value assets is problematic,

and unnecessary amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted from heavy-duty trucks used to perform frequent visual security checks.

due to the remoteness and lack of technological options, most security services in the market fail to provide an independent verification

of the security status of a mine site and confirmation of visual security checks, resulting in a customer’s uncertainty regarding

the actual security services being provided.

assets commonly found on mine sites requiring high-levels of security services include office buildings, coal operation facilities such

as preparation plants and loadout facilities, power stations and electrical lines, vehicles and heavy equipment, supplies and chemicals,

and spare parts and components.

These high-value assets are frequently the target of theft since all or parts of these assets can be

easily removed from the mine site and sold for cash.

Unfortunately, the actual damage to the operation resulting from this type of destructive

theft is frequently many times the market value of the stolen item, primarily due to the losses resulting from the down-time of operations,

the cost of repairs and replacement components, and the long-term damage to critical infrastructure that can be repurposed and used to

attract next generation industries once the mining is complete.

March 2023, Range Security was engaged by its first customer for environmental security services covering a 13,000-acre coal mine

site in West Virginia.

As of November 13, 2024, Range Security employed 8 security professionals, and is focusing its recruitment

efforts on military veterans, police officers, and other professionals with security experience.

Range Security has purchased two

fuel-efficient utility task vehicles for ground surveillance and a thermal-imaging drone for aerial surveillance, all of which use

significantly less fuel and electricity to operate than traditional security vehicles and provide a much broader coverage range with

a substantially lower carbon footprint.

Range Security is also in the process of establishing satellite-based wireless service to

support video surveillance and enable a mobile technology solution used by our security professionals to provide real-time evidence

of visual security checks.

Range Security plans to expand its security service business to additional mine sites, with a particular

focus on locations with valuable infrastructure being repurposed into non-coal multi-use complexes with attractive job growth

prospects and next generation industry opportunities.

Land, LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“Range Land”), is a land acquisition company started by the Company in August

Range Land is focused on acquiring former mine lands with the goal of reclaiming and repurposing the sites for non-fossil fuel

uses, including commercial, industrial, residential and recreational developments.

Range Land is specifically focused on acquiring land

to be used for renewable energy facilities, innovative agricultural installations, and projects focused on improving the quality and

condition of our air, land and waterways.

to industry estimates, Appalachia contains nearly one million acres of abandoned, idled and non-performing mine sites that are burdened

with significant land reclamation and water restoration obligations.

Many of these troubled mine sites are subject to mining permits

and associated reclamation bonds, which as a result, prevents the land from being repurposed for non-mining uses until the land has been

reclaimed and the permits and bonds have been released by the applicable state’s environmental protection department.

Water quality

is a particularly challenging issue since a permit can only be released if the site has at least 12-months of compliant water samples

without active chemical treatment, which heightens the need for water restoration solutions to help transition former mine land to economically

viable non-mining uses.

Company has assembled the internal resources and capabilities to reclaim land, restore waterways, install innovative water treatment

solutions, and secure the mine site to protect the significant historical investment in infrastructure.

In addition, the Company has

extensive knowledge and expertise regarding the permit and bond release process, which is a critical step necessary to unlock the underlying

value of the former mine land for non-fossil fuel uses.

Range Land is actively reviewing several mine sites throughout Appalachia to

acquire, reclaim and repurpose in order to improve the land and create non-fossil fuel economic development opportunities for disadvantaged

local coal communities.

September 2023, Range Land, through its wholly-owned subsidiary CLV Azurite Land, LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“CLV

Azurite”), acquired over 1,900 acres of surface interest at an idled mine complex in West Virginia.

CLV Azurite is in active discussions

with the holder of the permits and bonds associated with the acquired land to ensure that the acquired surface acreage can be repurposed

for alternative non-fossil fuel uses.

Concurrently, CLV Azurite is in active discussions with two experienced and well-capitalized solar

developers to convert the former mine land into a large solar energy facility on a majority of the acquired surface acreage, as well

as additional acreage for commercial, industrial, recreational and residential development.

Under the solar arrangements, CLV Azurite

would be the landlord and the solar developer-operator would be the tenant required to pay CLV Azurite a negotiated lease payment on

a per acre basis.

Company is focused on a large and growing marketplace for impact investing initiatives, and therefore, is anticipated to face competition

from a variety of operating businesses and investment funds who are developing similar business plans and operating strategies to satisfy

the increasing demands of these types of investments in the marketplace.

In many cases, these competitors are larger and better capitalized

operating businesses and investment funds.

Company competes on the basis of a number of factors, including our geographic focus on Appalachia, access to mission-driven energy-transition

capital, access to impact investing opportunities, strategic relationships with reclamation bond insurance companies, recruitment and

retention of key personnel, market share with key customers, and supply relationships with critical vendors.

Our ability to continue

to compete effectively in our businesses will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate our existing employees.

2023, the Company engaged Foundation Software, LLC (“Foundation Software”) as its new accounting software provider and converted

all of the Company’s accounting system operations from QuickBooks to Foundation Software during the second quarter of 2023.

in Cleveland, Ohio in 1985, Foundation Software is specifically designed for service companies, particularly those in the construction,

contracting and reclamation industries.

Foundation Software offers the Company several enhanced features critical to the successful execution

of its shareholder value creation plan, including:

(i) general ledger accounting, including accounts payable, accounts receivable, inventory

and customer billing;

(ii) equipment tracking on job sites, maintenance, utilization and depreciation;

(iii) employee tracking on job

sites, time and materials, utilization, and billing;

(iv) job costing and profitability reporting segmented by customers, job types and

location’ and (v) numerous real-time management dashboard and key performance indicator reports that will allow management to closely

monitor financial and operational performance and quickly react to business opportunities and issues.

Furthermore, Foundation Software

will allow the Company to quickly scale operations and efficiently and cost-effectively support the anticipated growth of each business,

thereby preventing our accounting and management systems from becoming a limiting factor to our growth initiatives.

of Operations

Months Ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023

Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $2,171,655, its gross loss was $392,928 and net loss from continuing

operations was $4,743,323.

The Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $5,455,633, its gross profit

was $2,857,766 and net income from continuing operations was $3,545,015.

The $3,283,978 reduction in quarterly revenue was due to a $3,279,635

reduction in revenue from the Range Reclaim and Range Minerals business segments.

A significant portion of that reduction is attributable

to a one-time project that contributed $2,355,000 of revenue to Range Reclaim in the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

Range Minerals’

revenue for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 was lower by $984,790 due the termination of its subcontractor mining arrangement on

June 30, 2024, with the only sales in the Range Minerals segment related to the sale of coal inventory that was acquired as part of a

settlement with its mining subcontractor on June 30, 2024.

Range Security revenue was lower by $4,343 due to a slight variation in hours

worked in the quarter during September 30, 2024.

the three months ended September 30, 2024, general and administrative expenses were $473,942 compared to $1,057,055 incurred for the

three months ended September 30, 2023.

This $583,113 decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to reduced employees,

consultants, and legal fees related to the Range Reclaim and Range Minerals business segments.

the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred net other expenses in the amount of $3,873,498 compared to net other

income of $1,744,304 for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

The loss in the quarter ended September 30, 2024 is primarily attributable

to the $3,043,799 loss on the sale of the Collins Building assets, and the $707,881 loss on other asset disposals.

The net other income for the three

months ended September 30, 2023, is primarily the result of the $1,875,150 gain on the bargain purchase recognized when the Collins Building

acquisition was closed in August 2023.

State income tax expense for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 was $2,955.

There was no state

tax expense incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

net loss during the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $4,920,338 compared to net income of $3,404,175 for the three months

ended September 30, 2023.

This $8,324,513 decrease in net income was due primarily to a decrease in revenues of $3,283,978, the

$3,043,799 loss on the sale of the Collins Building assets, the $707,881 loss on other asset disposals, and the $1,875,150 gain on

bargain purchase recognized when the Collins Building acquisition was closed in August 2023 offset by lower operating expenses of

Months Ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023

Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $8,431,286, its gross loss was $523,003 and net loss was $7,359,859.

The Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $12,468,787, its gross profit was $4,351,869 and net profit

was $3,214,077.

The $4,037,501 reduction in revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was related to a $4,473,440 reduction

in revenue from the Range Reclaim and Range Minerals business segments primarily due to a failure of performance by a mining subcontractor

and termination of that subcontractor arrangement on June 30, 2024, which decline was partially offset by a $435,940 increase in revenue

from the Range Security business segment primarily due to its growth with its first customer and the performance of a new security services

contract at a second mine site for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

the nine months ended September 30, 2024, general and administrative expenses were $2,115,542 compared to $2,419,001 incurred for the

nine months ended September 30, 2023.

This $303,459 decrease in general and administrative expenses are primarily due to reduced employees,

consultants, and legal fees of the Range Reclaim and Range Minerals business segments.

the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred net other expenses in the amount of $4,195,826 compared to net other income

of $1,635,670 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

This $5,831,496 increase was primarily attributable to $3,043,799 loss on

sale of the Collins Building assets, loss on sale of other asset dispositions of $707,881, the one-time gain of $1,875,150 recognized

in September 30, 2023 for the bargain purchase of the Collins Building acquisition, as well as increased interest expense of $252,221

offset by miscellaneous income of $47,555 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

net loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $7,359,859 compared to a net profit of $3,214,077 for the nine months ended

September 30, 2023.

This $10,573,936 decrease in net income was due primarily to (i) a decrease in revenues of $4,037,501, (ii) the $3,043,799

loss on the sale of the Collins Building assets, and the $707,881 loss on other asset disposals, (iii) the $1,875,150 gain on the bargain purchase recognized

when the Collins Building acquisition was closed in August 2023, (iv) the increase in state income tax of $59,555, and (v) increased costs

from discontinued operations of $111,472 offset by lower operating expenses of $303,459.

and Capital Resources

of September 30, 2024, the Company had total current assets of $5,105,376, comprised of:

Range Services

Range Services is our

operating business segment that provides environmental and operational support services to help reclaim and repurpose former mine

land into next-generation uses.

All of the Company’s reclamation, water treatment and security employees, equipment and

trucks, and technological innovations are classified within the Range Services business segment.

Range Services is dedicated to

reclaiming and repurposing land owned by the Company and does not currently provide any reclamation, water treatment or

security services to third-parties.

Reclamation support services on mine sites includes grading, recontouring,

revegetation, erosion control, and other activities necessary to meet federal and state post-mining land use requirements.

Water treatment

services include the operation and maintenance of passive and active treatment systems designed to manage and treat mine-impacted water,

including acid mine drainage, in compliance with applicable environmental permits.

Range Services is also responsible for collecting water

samples, coordinating testing with certified laboratories, and treating water with chemicals and other more innovative solutions, such

as the Company’s proprietary biochar water filtration products and system currently in development.

Range Services also

provides physical site security, access control, and risk mitigation activities to ensure the safety, compliance, and regulatory protection

of the Company’s land assets.

Our Company is focused on

a large and growing marketplace for impact investing initiatives, and therefore, is anticipated to face competition from a variety of

operating businesses and investment funds who are developing similar business plans and operating strategies to satisfy the increasing

demands of these types of investments in the marketplace.

In many cases, these competitors are larger and better capitalized operating

businesses and investment funds.

Our Company competes on the

basis of a number of factors, including our geographic focus on Appalachia, access to mission-driven energy-transition capital, access

to impact investing opportunities, strategic relationships with reclamation bond insurance companies, recruitment and retention of key

personnel, market share with key customers, and supply relationships with critical vendors.

Our ability to continue to compete effectively

in our businesses will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate our existing employees.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and March

The Company’s revenue

for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $695,701 and its gross profit was $3,851.

The Company’s revenue for the three months

ended March 31, 2024 was $3,909,893 and its gross profit was $18,854.

The significant decrease in revenue is primarily a result of management’s

decision to exit the mining business and the AML reclamation business in 2024.

For the three months

ended March 31, 2025, general and administrative expenses were $559,147, compared to $943,901 incurred for the three months ended

March 31, 2024 (a decrease of $384,754).

General and administrative expenses generally include corporate overhead, salaries and

other compensation costs, financial and administrative contracted services, legal and audit fees, other professional and consulting

fees, insurance, marketing, and travel expenses.

The largest decrease in general and administrative expenses for the three months

ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, was attributable to labor and benefit costs of $147,023,

insurance costs of $120,313, professional and legal fees of $94,225, and utilities of $20,000.

For the three months ended

March 31, 2025, the Company incurred net other income in the amount of $5,654,923, compared to total net other expense of $157,153 recorded

for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (an increase of $5,812,076).

This increase in net other income was attributable to a gain on bargain purchase of $5,602,484, other income of $83,627, gain on sale of fixed assets of $59,680, and lower

interest expense of $84,390.

Net income for

the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $5,099,627 compared to a net loss of $1,213,840 for the three months ended March 31, 2024

(an increase of $6,313,467).

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had total current assets of $1,208,068,

comprised of:

(i) cash of $252,695;

(ii) accounts receivable

of $4,133,776;

(iii) contract assets of $697,039;

and (iv) prepaid expenses of $29,975.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had total

current liabilities of $4,770,069, comprised of:

(v) outstanding amounts on the lines of credit of $2,100,000;

(x) accounts payable of

(y) accrued expenses of $112,101, and (z) the current portion of long-term debt of $1,458,215.

As a result, as of September

30, 2024, the Company had working capital of $335,307.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had working capital of $753,756.

This $418,449 decrease in working capital is the result of lower sales in the amount of $4,037,501 during the nine months ended September

30, 2024, which has resulted in a reduction of current assets of $4,619,469, and a similar reduction in current liabilities of $4,201,020.

of September 30, 2024, the Company had long-term assets of $5,336,656, comprised of:

(i) net equipment assets of $3,576,338;

of $1,008,897;

and (iii) goodwill of $751,421.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had long-term liabilities of $2,403,824, entirely

comprised of long-term debt, net of current portion.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had long-term assets of $14,063,299, comprised

(v) net equipment assets of $11,549,689;

(w) land of $1,563,797;

(x) building of $188,416;

(y) goodwill of $751,421;

and (z) deposits

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had long-term liabilities of $5,250,027, entirely comprised of long-term debt, net of

current portion.

ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company attaining and maintaining profitable operations in the future, collecting

outstanding accounts receivable, and/or raising additional capital to meet its obligations and repay its liabilities arising from normal

business operations when they come due.

The Company estimates, as of September 30, 2024, that it may not have sufficient funds to operate

the business for 12 months given its cash balance of $244,586 and revenues being generated by the Range Reclamation Entities.

is actively seeking additional financing and other sources of capital to fund its currently estimated level of operations.

However, these

estimates could differ if the Company encounters unanticipated difficulties, or if its estimates of the amount of cash necessary to operate

its business prove to be wrong, and the Company uses its available financial resources faster than it currently expects.

can be given that any future financing or capital, if needed, will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory

to the Company.

estimated total expenditures for the 12-month period ending September 30, 2025 could increase if we encounter unanticipated lower revenues

and higher expenses in connection with operating our business as presently planned.

In addition, our estimates of the amount of cash

necessary to fund our business may prove to be too low, and we could spend our available financial resources much faster than we currently

If we cannot raise the capital necessary to continue to develop our business, we will be forced to delay, scale back or eliminate

some or all of our proposed operations.

(ii) accounts receivable of $153,938;

(iii) equipment held for sale of $733,613;

(iv) prepaid expenses of $67,822.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had total current liabilities of $3,067,577, consisting of:

(i) outstanding

amounts on lines of credit of $2,000,000;

(ii) accounts payable of $444,419;

(iii) accrued expenses of $148,377, and (iv) the current

portion of long-term debt of $474,781.

As a result, as of March 31, 2025, the Company had negative working capital of $(1,859,509).

of December 31, 2024, the Company had positive working capital of $749,437.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had long-term assets of $53,240,251,

comprised of:

(i) land, including asset retirement cost, of $52,648,968, (ii) net equipment assets of $585,669;

and (iii) deposits of

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had long-term liabilities of $44,842,220, comprised of (i) asset retirement obligations of $43,079,071 and (ii) long-term debt, net of current portion of $1,763,149.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had long-term assets of $1,899,669,

comprised of (i) land of $1,008,897 and (ii) net equipment assets of $890,772.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had long-term liabilities

of $1,814,701, comprised of long-term debt, net of current portion.

Sources of Capital

Based on the Company’s current corporate strategy, we expect our

general operating expenses to be substantially offset by royalty income generated by Range Land.

Based on the Company’s current

cash balance of $252,695 and no current availability under its revolving credit line, the Company may not have sufficient funds to operate

its business over the next 12 months.

If additional capital is needed in excess of our current capital resources, we will explore financing

options to accelerate the funding and execution of our growth strategy and shareholder value creation plan.

Our estimated total net cash flow

for the 12-month period ending March 31, 2026 could decrease if we encounter unanticipated lower revenues and higher expenses in connection

with operating our business as presently planned.

In addition, our estimates of the amount of cash necessary to fund our business may

prove to be too low, and we could spend our available financial resources much faster than we currently expect.

If we cannot raise the

capital necessary to continue to develop our business, we will be forced to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our proposed

If any of these were to occur, there is a substantial risk that our business would fail.

such time as the Company and its operating businesses are cash flow positive, we expect to continue funding our operations, at least

in part, through equity and debt financings.

However, sources of additional funds may not be available when needed, on acceptable terms,

If we issue equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds or to fund, in whole or in part, acquisitions

in furtherance of our business strategy, our existing stockholders may experience substantial dilution, and the new equity or debt securities

may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders.

If we incur additional debt, we would incur

additional interest expenses, and assuming those loans would be available, it would increase our liabilities and future cash commitments.

Moreover, regardless of the manner in which we seek to raise capital, we may incur substantial costs in those pursuits, including investment

banking fees, legal fees and other related costs.

Cash Used in Operating Activities

the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $1,859,370, compared to net cash provided by operating

activities of $1,074,719 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

This $2,934,089 decrease was primarily due to:

(a) $10,573,936

increase in net loss that was primarily driven by reduced gross profit of $5,161,245 in our Range Reclaim and Range Minerals business

segments and increase in other expenses of $5,891,051, which was offset by (b) $6,158,257 of non-cash adjustments that was primarily

comprised of $3,751,680 non-cash loss on the sale of assets that had been purchased to support the Range Reclaim and Range Minerals business

segments, the elimination of the $1,875,150 non-cash gain on bargain purchase, and higher non-cash depreciation expense of $524,307 due

to the Company’s larger investment in equipment, and (c) $1,481,590 increase in cash generated from changes in the Company’s

working capital.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash provided by investing activities was $430,100, compared to net cash used in

investing activities of $7,146,525 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Net cash provided by investing activities for the

nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of $270,000 from the disposition of assets no longer used in the business, $160,000

from a casualty loss from a destroyed piece of equipment, and $100 from the disposition of the Graphium Biosciences business

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted of land, equipment purchases

and capital expenditures.

Based on the Company’s current corporate strategy, no additional equipment purchases are required to

execute its near-term strategic plan;

however, if additional equipment is required in the future, the Company anticipates securing

such equipment through third-party equipment leases or equipment financings.

Future capital expenditures required to maintain the

Company’s existing equipment are anticipated to be funded with cash on hand.

Cash Provided By Financing Activities

the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the most significant items affecting the comparison of our cash flows (used in) provided by

financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are summarized below:

the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company received aggregate proceeds of $1,000,000 from the sale of our common stock

in a privately-negotiated transaction.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company received aggregate proceeds of

$1,410,000 from the sale of our common stock in privately-negotiated transactions.

the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repaid $1,502,944 of our indebtedness.

the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company received proceeds of $4,035,250 from long-term debt issued in connection with

the acquisition of Collins Building, $383,202 from the issuance of long-term debt and $1,900,000 from a line of credit, offset by

the repayment of long-term debt of $1,072,729.

Sheet Arrangements

have no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial

condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources

that would be material to stockholders.

Accounting Policies

financial statements and accompanying notes included in this report have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted

accounting principles (“U.S.

Until such time as the Company

is cash flow positive, we expect to continue funding our operations, at least in part, through equity and

debt financings.

However, sources of additional funds may not be available when needed, on acceptable terms, or at all.

If we issue equity

or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds or to fund, in whole or in part, acquisitions in furtherance of our business

strategy, our existing stockholders may experience substantial dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences

and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders.

If we incur additional debt, we would incur additional interest expenses,

and assuming those loans would be available, it would increase our liabilities and future cash commitments.

Moreover, regardless of the

manner in which we seek to raise capital, we may incur substantial costs in those pursuits, including investment banking fees, legal

fees and other related costs.

Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Operating

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash used in operating activities

was $(428,101), comprised of:

(i) net income of $5,099,627;

(ii) non-cash depreciation of $84,783;

(iii) add-back of the non-cash bargain

purchase gain of $5,602,484;

(iv) a gain on asset disposals of $59,680;

(v) non-cash vested stock option expense of $4,490;

(vi) an increase

in current assets of $206,256;

and (vii) a decrease in current liabilities of $161,093.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net

cash used in operating activities was $(1,113,045), comprised of:

(i) net income of $(1,213,840);

(ii) non-cash depreciation of $638,435;

(iii) non-cash vested stock option expense of $4,490;

(iv) an increase in current assets of $827,087;

and (v) a decrease in current liabilities

of $1,369,217,

Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Investing

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by investing

activities was $280,000, comprised of $380,000 of proceeds from the sale of equipment, partially offset by $100,000 for equipment purchases.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, there was no net cash provided by or used in investing activities.

Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Financing

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing

activities was $233,510, comprised of $600,000 from the sale of common stock, partially offset by the repayment of long-term debt of $366,490.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities was $(396,057), comprised entirely of the repayment of

long-term debt of $396,057.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no significant off-balance

sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial

condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that would be material to

stockholders.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our financial statements

and accompanying notes included in this report have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles

GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity

GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the

disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses

during the reporting periods.

regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements.

In general, management’s

estimates are based on historical experience, on information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are

believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S.

GAAP requires

management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent

assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting

We regularly evaluate the

accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements.

In general, management’s estimates are based

on historical experience, on information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable

under the facts and circumstances.

Actual results could differ from the estimates made by management.

believe the following critical accounting policies require us to make significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated

financial statements included in this report:

of Estimates and Assumptions

preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management

to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and

liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period.

The more significant

estimates and assumption by management include, among others, assumptions used in valuing assets acquired in business acquisitions, reserves

for accounts receivable, assumptions used in valuing equity instruments issued for services, the valuation allowance for deferred tax

assets, accruals for potential liabilities, and assumptions used in the determination of the Company’s liquidity.

Actual results

could differ from those estimates.

combinations are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting under ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” This method

requires the Company to record assets and liabilities of the businesses acquired at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition

Any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

Determining the

fair value requires management to make estimates and assumptions including discount rates, rates of return on assets, and long-term sales

growth rates.

referenced by ASC 350 “Intangibles- Goodwill and other” (“ASC 350”), management performs its annual test for

goodwill at least annually or more frequently, if impairment indicators arise.

Company recognizes revenue under ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”.

The core principle of the revenue standard

is that a company should recognize revenue by analyzing the following five steps:

We believe the following

critical accounting policies require us to make significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial

statements included in this report:

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial

statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and

assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date

of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period.

The more significant estimates and assumption

by management include, among others, assumptions used in valuing assets acquired in business acquisitions, reserves for accounts receivable,

assumptions used in valuing equity instruments issued for services, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, accruals for potential

liabilities, and assumptions used in the determination of the Company’s liquidity.

Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Business Combinations

Business combinations are

accounted for using the purchase method of accounting under ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” This method requires the Company

to record assets and liabilities of the businesses acquired at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.

Any excess of

the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

Determining the fair value requires

management to make estimates and assumptions including discount rates, rates of return on assets, and long-term sales growth rates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue

under ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”.

The core principle of the revenue standard is that a company should

recognize revenue by analyzing the following five steps:

(1) identify the contract with the customer;

the performance obligations in the contract;

(2) identify the performance obligations

in the contract;

(3) determine the transaction price;

(4) allocate the transaction price to the performance

and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company primarily invoices customers

and recognizes revenue on a periodic basis for equipment and labor hours provided to a customer on a particular job based on an agreed-upon

hourly rate sheet or a fixed amount for a project.

The Company also invoices customers and recognizes revenue for equipment mobilization

fees and materials and supplies required to complete a project.

The Company invoices for the sales of chemicals and recognizes revenue

when the products are delivered to the customer’s designated site.

Costs for equipment, labor and chemicals are generally expensed

as incurred since the projects are generally short-term and not subject to a contract.

The Company also invoices customers for the provision

of environmental security services on an agreed-upon hourly rate for each project.

(4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations;

and (5) recognize

revenue when, or as, each performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company primarily invoices customers and recognizes revenue on a periodic

basis for equipment and labor hours provided to a customer on a particular job based on an agreed-upon hourly rate sheet or a fixed amount

for a project.

The Company also invoices customers and recognizes revenue for equipment mobilization fees and materials and supplies

required to complete a project.

The Company invoices for the sales of chemicals and recognizes revenue when the products are delivered

to the customer’s designated site.

Costs for equipment, labor and chemicals are generally expensed as incurred since the projects

are generally short-term and not subject to a contract.

The Company also invoices customers for the provision of environmental security

services on an agreed-upon hourly rate for each project.

All revenue is recognized at a point in time.

Company recognizes revenue from contracts for financial reporting purposes over time.

Progress toward completion of the Company’s

contracts is measured by the percentage of cost incurred to date compared to estimated total costs for each contract.

This method is

used because management considers total cost to be the best available measure of progress on contracts.

Because of inherent uncertainties

in estimating costs, it is at least reasonably possible that the estimates used will change significantly within the near term.

Company periodically issues stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions

for services and for financing costs.

The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation

whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees as compensation expense on the straight-line

basis over the vesting period.

Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in the same period and manner as if the Company

had paid cash for the services.

Accounting Pronouncements

refer to Footnote 1 of the accompanying financial statements for management’s discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company recognizes revenue

from contracts for financial reporting purposes over time.

Progress toward completion of the Company’s contracts is measured by

the percentage of cost incurred to date compared to estimated total costs for each contract.

This method is used because management considers

total cost to be the best available measure of progress on contracts.

Because of inherent uncertainties in estimating costs, it is at

least reasonably possible that the estimates used will change significantly within the near term.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company periodically

issues stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and

for financing costs.

The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock

Compensation” whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees as compensation expense on

the straight-line basis over the vesting period.

Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in the same period and

manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please refer to Footnote

1 of the accompanying financial statements for management’s discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures

About Market Risk

Not Applicable.

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis