RANGE IMPACT, INC. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations As used in this discussion and analysis and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, the “Company” refers to Malachite Innovations, Inc., a Nevada corporation. Cautionary Statement The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report. The information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not a complete description of the Company’s business or the risks associated with an investment in the Company’s common stock. The Company urges you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by the Company in this Quarterly Report and in the Company’s other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including the Company’s Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 filed on March 31, 2022, and the related audited financial statements and notes included therein. Certain statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements are projections in respect of future events or the Company’s future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “intend,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause the Company’s or its industry’s actual results, levels of activity or performance to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity or performance expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include: general economic and financial market conditions; the Company’s ability to obtain additional financing as necessary; the Company’s ability to continue operating as a going concern; any adverse occurrence with respect to the Company’s business or; results of the Company’s research and development activities that are less positive than it expects; the Company’s ability to bring its intended products to market; market demand for the Company’s intended products; shifts in industry capacity; product development or other initiatives by the Company’s competitors; fluctuations in the availability and costs of raw materials required in the Company’s drug development process; other factors beyond the Company’s control; and the other risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Transition Report on Form 10-KT filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022. Although the Company believes that the expectations and assumptions reflected in the forward-looking statements it makes are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity or performance. In addition, the Company cannot assess the impact of each factor on its business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed by any forward-looking statements. As a result, readers should not place undue reliance on any of the forward-looking statements the Company makes in this report. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason. Company Overview Unless otherwise provided in this Quarterly Report, references to the “Company” refer to Malachite Innovations, Inc., a Nevada corporation formed on June 29, 2007 as Legend Mining Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries. On October 10, 2011, the Company completed a merger with its wholly-owned subsidiary, Stevia First Corp., whereby the Company changed its name from “Legend Mining Inc.” to “Stevia First Corp.” On July 15, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders approved a name change to “Vitality Biopharma, Inc.” On October 1, 2021, the Company completed a merger with its wholly-owned subsidiary, Malachite Innovations, Inc., whereby the Company changed its name from “Vitality Biopharma, Inc.” to “Malachite Innovations, Inc.” 18 Malachite Innovations is a company focused on improving the health and wellness of people and the planet. The Company seeks to accomplish this objective through the operation of two wholly-owned subsidiaries: (i) Graphium Biosciences, Inc. which is focused on developing new innovations targeting the health and wellness of people, with a particular focus on advancing its broad portfolio of over 100 glycosylated cannabinoid prodrugs and (ii) Daedalus Ecosciences, Inc. which is focused on evaluating new innovations targeting the health and wellness of the planet through an Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) business strategy, with a particular focus on deploying technological innovations and eco-friendly solutions to remedy difficult environmental situations in economically challenged communities. The Company’s corporate headquarters is located in Cleveland, Ohio. As of September 30, 2022, the Company employed twenty-three full-time employees, including twenty employees of the Range Entities, one cannabinoid research scientist working in the Company’s office and laboratory space in Rocklin, California, and two senior executives of the Company. The Company also has, in the past, engaged the services of scientific and regulatory consultants to assist in its research and development activities, which is an approach that provides the Company with flexible and experienced resources to advance its corporate objectives while maintaining a relatively lower overhead cost structure. Graphium Biosciences, Inc. Cannaboside Prodrugs The Company’s cannabosides are cannabinoid-glycoside prodrugs, which were discovered through application of the Company’s proprietary enzymatic bioprocessing technologies that are converted within the body after administration from an inactive molecule into a pharmacologically active drug. Currently, the Company has produced more than 100 novel cannabosides, including glycosylated tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabinol (CBN), that are covered by worldwide patents and patent applications for composition of matter, method of production and method of use. A prodrug is a compound that, after administration, is metabolized into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are often designed to improve drug properties and reduce known or expected toxicities and adverse side effects. By using the Company’s proprietary enzymatic bioprocessing technologies, its clinical research team has developed a novel family of prodrugs by combining cannabinoid and glucose molecules. The resulting compounds, known as cannabosides, have unique commercial applications and patentable compositions of matter, which are separate and distinct from ordinary cannabinoids. The advantages of cannabosides may include: (i) administration in a convenient oral formulation, (ii) targeted delivery with release in the colon or large intestine, (iii) improved stability with limited degradation or drug metabolism, and (iv) delayed release enabling longer-lasting effects and fewer administrations by patients. The Company’s proprietary glycosylation process, which results in adding one or more glucose molecules to compounds, may enable its new cannabosides to act as prodrugs that achieve targeted delivery of the bioactive compounds of cannabinoids to the gastrointestinal tract. Glycosylated compounds are generally more stable and water soluble, so upon ingestion, the Company believes they will remain intact and transit through the esophagus, stomach and upper intestine with limited absorption or degradation from stomach acids. However, once the glycosylated compounds reach the large intestine, the Company expects them to encounter glycoside hydrolase enzymes secreted by the human intestinal microbiota that will cleave the polar glucose residues and release the active cannabinoid compound primarily in the large intestine or colon. The Company has focused its research and development activities on the glycosylation of cannabinoids given their well-known positive effects on the human endocannabinoid system. The Company’s research and development activities originally focused on the glycosylation of CBD and then later expanded into the glycosylation of THC. The use of the cannabinoid THC has been shown to provide substantial anti-inflammatory benefits on the human body, among other benefits, but is limited as a pharmaceutical option given its psychoactive and intoxicating properties. However, by glycosylating THC, the Company has learned through initial animal studies that the binding of glucose and THC molecules restricts the release of THC into the body’s digestive system until the prodrug reaches the large intestine, at which point the glycoside hydrolase enzymes cleave the glucose from the prodrug and the THC is released in a targeted and restricted manner. Further, the Company has learned through its initial animal studies that this targeted release of THC, which could be provided in very low doses to achieve physiologically beneficial results, serves as an anti-inflammatory agent in the lower gastrointestinal tract and minimizes the amount of THC absorbed into the blood stream, therefore avoiding the psychoactive and intoxicating properties that hinder the broader pharmaceutical use of THC. 19 The Company is developing THC-glycoside prodrugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) because of the targeted release described previously. IBD is a frequently chronic inflammatory condition where parts of the digestive system become inflamed from an overactive immune response. The disease can lead to irreversible damage to the gastrointestinal tract and may require surgery to remove affected areas of the intestine. Two major forms of the disease are Crohn’s disease, which can affect any part of the digestive system, and ulcerative colitis, which often affects the colon or large intestine. The disease is often unpredictable with periods of painful and debilitating symptoms followed by periods of remission with limited symptoms. IBS has similar symptoms to IBD, including abdominal pain, but the underlying disease process is quite different. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that commonly affects the large intestine and is characterized by abdominal cramping, diarrhea, constipation, and pain. Currently, patients suffering from IBD are frequently prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroids, biologics and immunosuppressants, and patients suffering from IBS are prescribed antibiotics, antidepressants and gastrointestinal motility compounds, all of which often result in unwanted side effects. The Company’s most promising THC-glycoside (VBX-100) is being developed as an oral prodrug for the treatment of IBD and IBS. VBX-100 was selected from the Company’s THC-glycoside portfolio for compatibility with commercial production techniques and the optimal prodrug delivery profile that maximizes intestinal anti-inflammatory properties while minimizing psychoactive or intoxicating effects. Initial pre-clinical studies on the efficacy of VBX-100 in animal models have shown favorable outcomes, including reduced inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and no measurable systemic THC found in tissue examined using highly-sensitive testing equipment. The Company has determined that the value of its cannaboside prodrug assets would likely be maximized through a public capital raise into the Company or a private capital raise into Graphium Biosciences to secure funding to advance VBX-100 through its remaining pre-clinical animal studies and its Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. Orphan Drug Designation In January 2018, the Company filed a request with the FDA’s Office of Orphan Products Development (OOPD) for an Orphan Drug Designation of its VBX-100 prodrug for the treatment of pediatric ulcerative colitis. In March 2018, the OOPD denied the Company’s request based, in part, on the FDA’s decision to no longer grant Orphan Drug Designation status to drugs for pediatric subpopulations of common diseases (i.e., diseases or conditions with an overall prevalence of over 200,000), unless the use of the drug in the pediatric subpopulation meets the regulatory criteria for an orphan subset, or the disease in the pediatric subpopulation is considered a different disease from the disease in the adult population. In December 2019, the Company’s received a letter from the OOPD informing it that the FDA determined that the Company may be eligible for pediatric-subpopulation designation because the Company submitted its original request for an Orphan Drug Designation before the guidance Clarification of Orphan Designation of Drugs and Biologics for Pediatric Subpopulations of Common Diseases was finalized in July 2018. Accordingly, in May 2020, the Company filed a response letter with the OOPD addressing the other deficiencies noted in the Company’s original submission in January 2018, which included, among other things (1) support for the prevalence of pediatric ulcerative colitis; (2) the Company’s scientific rationale for the specific animal models used in its pre-clinical animal studies; and (3) more comprehensive supporting documentation for the use of VBX-100 in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. In August 2020, the Company received a letter from the OOPD stating that it was unable to grant the Company’s request for an Orphan Drug Designation status because its VBX-100 prodrug was administered before and after colitis was induced in its in vivo mouse studies, which resulted in the need for more scientific data to support the efficacy of our VBX-100 prodrug in a treatment-only setting. As a result, the Company was advised to perform a second in vivo mouse study in which its VBX-100 prodrug would be administered only after colitis was induced in order to provide a clear indication that the active drug was released only after ulcerative colitis was present. In May 2021, the Company completed the treatment-only in vivo mouse study and filed a supplemental response letter with the OOPD providing the requested in vivo treatment-only mouse study results in support of its position that VBX-100 may be effective as a treatment for pediatric ulcerative colitis. 20 On August 9, 2021, the Company received a letter from the OOPD stating that it has been granted Orphan Drug Designation for its glycosylated cannabinoid VBX-100 for the treatment of pediatric ulcerative colitis. The Company is currently evaluating several regulatory pathways for the advancement of its VBX-100 prodrug through pre-clinical and clinical studies, including leveraging the benefits of the Orphan Drug Designation granted by the OOPD. Daedalus Ecosciences Overview Daedalus Ecosciences is focused on creating shareholder value by addressing the health and wellness of the planet through an ESG-focused business strategy, with a particular focus on deploying technological innovations and eco-friendly solutions to remedy difficult environmental situations in economically challenged communities. The Company’s ESG business strategy is based on the foundational principle that sustainability and value creation are interconnected. Rather than evaluating the merits of an opportunity based solely on the short-term direct profitability of a proposed business initiative, sustainable business practice takes a holistic approach and considers the environmental, social and financial impacts of that initiative on a wide range of stakeholders, including shareholders, the environment and local communities. The Company believes that a strong ESG proposition, properly capitalized, will help the Company expand into and create value in new environmentally-focused markets. The Company also believe that a robust ESG business model can enhance its investment returns by allocating capital to more promising and more sustainable opportunities. A stronger external-value proposition may enable the Company to achieve greater strategic freedom. Given that certain of the ESG business initiatives under consideration may require governmental approvals or support, we believe that a focus on ESG core principles can ease regulatory pressures and help reduce the Company’s risk of adverse government action. The Company also believes that a strong ESG proposition can help it attract and retain quality employees, enhance employee motivation by instilling a sense of purpose, and increase productivity overall. The Company will require additional capital to successfully pursue its ESG business strategy. While the Company believes there are an increasing number of sources of financing available for ESG initiatives, there can be no assurance that the Company will successfully raise the needed capital. The Company believes that a commitment to ESG business principles will allow the Company to generate strong financial returns for shareholders while also creating long-term environmental and social benefits. Initially, the Company intends to focus its ESG business strategy on acquiring and developing businesses the Company believes have potential to conserve, protect and re-purpose the natural environment in those areas in the U.S. that have been negatively impacted by mining. The Company’s business development strategy will initially focus on the following areas: ● Land reclamation ● Water treatment and remediation ● Carbon footprint reduction ● Water usage and conservation ● Renewable energy usage ● Recycling and disposal practices ● Green products, technologies, and infrastructure ● Relationship with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other environmental regulatory bodies 21 The Company may also build, invest in or acquire companies that use blockchain, or distributed ledger technology, to account for and verify voluntary-market carbon credits generated by increased usage of renewable resources or the decreased usage of non-renewable resources to enable a more efficient and transparent global market for carbon credits. This may include companies (i) developing innovative products or solutions to reduce or mitigate carbon emissions; (ii) developing technologies that drive blockchain registry of credits or tokens; (iii) issuing tokens based on registry of carbon credits; and (iv) developing exchange facilities for carbon credits. The Company believes that it is well-positioned from a managerial and operational perspective to pursue these business initiatives given the experience of management in connection with other successful ventures that are developing and executing various reclamation and remediation programs at coal mines in Appalachia and creating profitable next-generation eco-friendly initiatives and stable jobs in local communities previously reliant primarily on the highly cyclical coal mining industry. Range Environmental Resources and Range Natural Resources In May 2022, the Company, through its Daedalus Ecosciences subsidiary, acquired the Range Entities. The Range Entities provide land reclamation, water restoration and environmental consulting services to mining and non-mining customers throughout the Appalachian region. The Range Entities’ land reclamation services seek to return land to pre-mining conditions or repurpose the land for natural, commercial, agricultural or recreational use. The Range Entities’ water restoration services seek to improve rivers, streams and discharges through novel and innovative treatment applications to help customers meet their various regulatory standards and requirements. The Range Entities also provide environmental consulting services to customers typically in connection with land reclamation and water restoration projects and as an additional value-add service, sell water treatment chemicals manufactured by third parties to its customers. Additional ESG Opportunities The Company is actively pursuing a number of other ESG-focused investment opportunities to advance its mission with a particular focus on some of the most challenging environmental situations in disadvantaged communities. Results of Operations Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 The Company’s net loss during the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $119,616 compared to a net loss of $504,358 for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The Company’s revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $1,547,258 and its gross profit was $357,783. The Company had no revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2021. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred general and administrative expenses in the aggregate amount of $449,041, compared to $436,523 incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021 (an increase of $12,518). General and administrative expenses generally include corporate overhead, salaries and other compensation costs, financial and administrative contracted services, marketing, consulting costs and travel expenses. The majority of the increase in general and administrative costs relates to health insurance costs in the ESG Operations segment of $44,955 that were not incurred in the 2021 period. These costs were offset by a decrease in professional fees in the 2022 period. The Company incurred professional fees of $3,550 during the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $52,500 during the three months ended September 30, 2021 (a decrease of $48,950). In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred research and development costs of $106,744, compared to $67,838 during the three months ended September 30, 2021 (an increase of $38,906). This increase resulted from an increase in wages allocated to the Therapeutic Operations segment, which increased to $83,479 in the period ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $48,443 in the period ended September 30, 2021 (an increase of $35,036). 22 During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded total net other income in the amount of $78,386, compared to total net other income recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2021, in the amount of $3. This difference was attributable to a gain of $109,435 related to the forgiveness of the Company’s ESG Operations segment’s PPP loan offset by interest expense of $31,049 incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2022. No amounts were recorded related to these items during the three months ended September 30, 2021. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had a net loss of $119,616 compared to a net loss of $504,358 during the three months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in net loss attributable to common stockholders of $384,742 is primarily due to the gross profit of $357,783 earned during the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to gross profit of $0 earned during the three months ended September 30, 2021. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 The Company’s net loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1,010,776 compared to a net loss of $1,477,224 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company’s revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $2,186,617 and its gross profit was $422,735. The Company had no revenue or gross profit during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred general and administrative expenses in the aggregate amount of $1,147,308, compared to $1,538,158 incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (a decrease of $390,850). The majority of the decrease in general and administrative costs relates to stock-based compensation which decreased to $0 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $130,516 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, professional fees which decreased to $16,090 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $197,500 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (a decrease of $181,410), and legal fees, which decreased to $93,770 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $303,474 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (a decrease of $209,704). In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred research and development costs of $340,297, compared to $236,287 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (an increase of $104,010). This increase resulted from an increase in wages related to research and development, which increased to $251,316 in the period ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $145,803 in the period ended September 30, 2021 (an increase of $105,513), and legal fees, which increased to $51,871 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $0 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. These costs were offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation which decreased to $0 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $28,333 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded total net other income in the amount of $54,094, compared to total net other income of $297,221 recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This difference was primarily attributable to the gain on extinguishment of liabilities of $296,653 recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to a gain of $109,435 related to the forgiveness of the Company’s ESG Operations segment’s PPP loan, offset by interest expense of $55,341 incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had a net loss of $1,010,776 compared to a net loss of $1,477,224 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in net loss attributable to common stockholders of $466,448 is primarily due to the gross profit of $422,735 earned during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to gross profit of $0 earned during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Liquidity and Capital Resources The Company has incurred losses since inception resulting in an accumulated deficit of $50,151,454 as of September 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had total current assets of $1,654,684, comprised primarily of cash in the amount of $1,156,799, and accounts receivable and other receivables of $497,001. The Company’s total current liabilities as of September 30, 2022 were $721,085, consisting of the current portion of long-term debt in the amount of $396,939, and accounts payable of $324,146, which includes a $33,440 lease payment attributable to the Company’s now-dissolved wholly-owned subsidiary, The Control Center, Inc., for which it is not responsible. As a result, on September 30, 2022, the Company had working capital of $933,599. 23 As of September 30, 2022, the Company had long-term assets of $2,552,967, which were comprised of net equipment assets of $1,683,406, goodwill of $751,421, operating lease asset of $109,248, and deposits of $8,892. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had long-term liabilities of $878,983, which were comprised of long-term debt, net of current portion of $769,735, and operating lease liability of $109,248. Sources of Capital Based on the Company’s current corporate strategy, its total expenditures for the 12 months following September 30, 2022 are expected to be approximately $1,800,000, which is comprised of general operating and research and development expenses. Based on the Company’s cash balance of $1,156,799, $1,000,000 available under its revolving credit line as of September 30, 2022, $4,830,050 available under its equity financing line, revenues being generated by the Range Entities, and its estimated total expenditures of approximately $1,800,000 for the 12-month period ending September 30, 2023, the Company expects to have sufficient funds to operate its business over the next 12 months. The Company expects to generate funds from its ESG Operations, but may also seek additional financing and other sources of capital to accelerate the funding and execution of its growth strategy and value creation plan. The Company’s estimated total expenditures for the 12-month period ending September 30, 2023 could increase if the Company encounters unanticipated expenses in connection with operating its business as presently planned. In addition, the Company’s estimates of the amount of cash necessary to fund its business may prove to be too low, and the Company could spend its available financial resources much faster than it currently expects. If the Company cannot raise the capital necessary to continue to develop its business, the Company will be forced to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of its proposed operations. If any of these were to occur, there is a substantial risk that the Company’s business would fail. Since inception, the Company has primarily funded its operations through equity and debt financings. The Company has revenue earned from its investment in the Range Entities that it expects will fund its ongoing operations and provide excess cash to fund all or a portion of additional ESG investments made by Daedalus in the future. The Company may also supplement its funding through equity and debt financings in the future. However, sources of additional funds may not be available when needed, on acceptable terms, or at all. If the Company issues equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds or to fund, in whole or in part, acquisitions in furtherance of its business strategy, the Company’s existing stockholders may experience substantial dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of its existing stockholders. If the Company incurs additional debt, it may increase the Company’s leverage relative to its earnings or to its equity capitalization, requiring the Company to pay additional interest expenses. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, would increase the Company’s liabilities and future cash commitments. If the Company pursues capital through alternative sources, such as collaborations or other similar arrangements, the Company may be forced to relinquish rights to its proprietary glycosylated cannabinoid technology or other intellectual property and could result in its receipt of only a portion of any revenue that may be generated from a partnered product or business. Moreover, regardless of the manner in which the Company seeks to raise capital, it may incur substantial costs in those pursuits, including investment banking fees, legal fees, accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses and other related costs. Net Cash Used in Operating Activities The Company has not historically generated positive cash flows from operating activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $568,536 compared to net cash used in operating activities of $1,503,046 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This decrease was primarily attributable to a lower net loss of $1,010,776 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to a net loss of $1,477,224 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as well as a gain on extinguishment of liabilities of $296,653 recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and a decrease in accounts receivable of $554,181 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, partially offset by a decrease in the expenses recorded for stock-based compensation related to stock options of $158,849 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, consisted primarily of a net loss of $1,010,776 and an increase of unbilled receivables of $161,263, offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $554,181. Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, consisted primarily of a net loss of $1,477,224, and a gain on extinguishment of liabilities of $296,653, partially offset by $158,849 related to stock-based compensation. 24 Net Cash Used in Investing Activities During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash used in investing activities was $1,977,502. Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, consisted primarily of equipment purchases totaling $1,243,329 and cash paid for the acquisition of Range Environmental of $750,000. No net cash was used in or provided by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities was $3,664,494, compared to net cash provided from financing activities of $119,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 consisted of $3,250,000 received from the issuance of common stock and warrants, proceeds of $923,309 from long-term debt, offset by the payoff of the SBA Disaster Loan of $158,815 and the payoff of the revolving line of credit of $350,000. The cash provided during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was a result of the issuance of common stock and warrants under an equity line. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements The Company has no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that would be material to stockholders. Critical Accounting Policies The Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes included in this report have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The Company regularly evaluates the accounting policies and estimates that it uses to prepare its financial statements. In general, management’s estimates are based on historical experience, on information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results could differ from the estimates made by management. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies require it to make significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements included in this report: Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. The more significant estimates and assumption by management include, among others, assumptions used in valuing assets acquired in business acquisitions, reserves for accounts receivable, assumptions used in valuing equity instruments issued for services, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, accruals for potential liabilities, and assumptions used in the determination of the Company’s liquidity. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 25 Stock-Based Compensation The Company periodically issues stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on FASB ASC 718 “Compensation-Stock Compensation” whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. Revenue The Company’s revenue recognition policies will follow the guidance of FASB ASC 606 “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers .” FASB ASC 606 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of contracts, which includes (1) identifying the contracts or agreements with a customer, (2) identifying its performance obligations in the contract or agreement, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied. The Range Entities primarily invoice customers and recognize revenue on a periodic basis for equipment and labor hours provided to a customer on a particular job based on an agreed-upon hourly rate sheet or a fixed amount for a project. The Range Entities also invoice customers and recognize revenue for equipment mobilization fees and materials and supplies required to complete a project. The Range Entities invoice for the sales of chemicals and recognize revenue when the products are delivered to the customer’s designated site. Costs for equipment, labor and chemicals are generally expensed as incurred since the projects are generally short-term and not subject to a contract. The Range Entities’ performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time when the services are performed or when products are received by the customer, which is when the customer has title and the significant risks and rewards of ownership. The Range Entities do not have any significant financing components as payment is received within a commercially reasonable time after the point of sale. Costs incurred to obtain a contract will be expensed as incurred when the amortization period is less than a year. Shipping and handling amounts paid by the customers are included in revenue. Contract modifications are routine in the performance of the Range Entities’ contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are a result of changes in the scope of work, or the products or services required to complete the contract and are customarily approved in advance by the customer. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Please refer to Footnote 1 of the accompanying financial statements for management’s discussion of recent accounting pronouncements. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Not Applicable.