R F INDUSTRIES LTD 10-Q

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)     RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (In thousands)       Six Months Ended April 30,       2023     2022   OPERATING ACTIVITIES:                 Consolidated net (loss) income   $ ( 581 )   $ 226                     Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:                 Bad debt expense     80       6   Depreciation and amortization     1,165       618   Stock-based compensation expense     441       307   Amortization of debt issuance cost     4       1   Tax payments related to shares cancelled for vested restricted stock awards     ( 10 )     ( 16 ) Deferred income taxes     ( 706 )     64   Changes in operating assets and liabilities:                 Trade accounts receivable     240       1,692   Inventories     668       ( 3,987 ) Other current assets     4,026       ( 1,026 ) Right of use assets     346       ( 25 ) Other long-term assets     -       ( 363 ) Accounts payable     454       ( 1,579 ) Accrued expenses     ( 3,441 )     2,443   Income taxes payable     ( 462 )     -   Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities     2,224       ( 1,639 )                   INVESTING ACTIVITIES:                 Capital expenditures     ( 1,303 )     ( 268 ) Purchase of Microlab, net of cash acquired ($ 33 )     -       ( 24,217 ) Net cash used in investing activities     ( 1,303 )     ( 24,485 )                   FINANCING ACTIVITIES:                 Proceeds from exercise of stock options     85       57   Debt issuance cost     -       ( 32 ) Term Loan payments     ( 1,212 )     ( 202 ) Term Loan     -       17,000   Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities     ( 1,127 )     16,823                     Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents     ( 206 )     ( 9,301 )                   Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period     4,532       13,053                     Cash and cash equivalents, end of period   $ 4,326     $ 3,752                     Supplemental cash flow information – income taxes paid   $ -     $ 340     See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.   7     RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     Note 1 – Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements   Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, have been included for a fair statement of the financial position. Information included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2022 has been derived from, and certain terms used herein are defined in, the audited consolidated financial statements of RF Industries, Ltd. as of October 31, 2022 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the year ended October 31, 2022 that was previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Operating results for the six months ended April 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended October 31, 2023. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Form 10-K.   Principles of consolidation   The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods ended on or before January 31, 2022 include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd. and our four wholly-owned subsidiaries: Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), and Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended April 30, 2023 include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd. and our five wholly-owned subsidiaries: Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”). Microlab is a wholly-owned subsidiary that RF Industries, Ltd. acquired on March 1, 2022. For periods on or before January 31, 2022, references herein to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” shall refer to RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech and for all periods after January 31, 2022, reference to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” shall refer to RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech and Microlab. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.   Fair value measurement   We measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:   Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;   Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and   Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.   As of April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2022, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.   Recent accounting standards   Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:   In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses , which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10,  Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) , which pushes back the effective date for public business entities that are smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.   8       Note 2 – Business acquisition   On March 1, 2022, the Company completed its purchase (the “Purchase Transaction”) of 100 % of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Microlab, a New Jersey limited liability company, from Wireless Telecom Group, Inc, a New Jersey corporation (the “Seller”) pursuant to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated December 16, 2021, with the Seller. The consideration for the Purchase Transaction was $ 24,250,000 , subject to certain post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price was paid in cash at the closing. The Company funded $ 17 million of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under the Term Loan (as defined in Note 13) and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with cash on hand. During the three months ended July 31, 2022, we paid an additional $ 225,000 in purchase consideration as a result of certain post-closing adjustments relating to net working capital.   The acquisition was accounted for with the acquisition method of accounting. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been recorded at their estimated fair values. We determined the estimated fair values with the assistance of appraisals or valuations performed by an independent third-party specialist. Microlab designs and manufactures high-performance radio frequency and microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. The Microlab acquisition further diversifies and strengthens the portfolio of products that we offer to the market and allows us to provide a more complete solution to our customers in key market segments. All manufacturing operations are performed at Microlab’s facilities in New Jersey.   The acquisition closed on March 1, 2022, accordingly, subsequent to March 1, 2022, Microlab’s financial results have been included in the results of the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment as well as in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company expects the goodwill recorded to be deductible for income tax purposes. Acquired amortizable intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from one to 15 years. Total costs, as of October 31, 2022, related to the acquisition of Microlab were approximately $ 1.3 million and have been expensed as incurred and categorized in selling and general expenses.   The following table summarizes the components of the purchase price at fair values at March 1, 2022:   Cash consideration paid at closing   $ 24,250,000   Post-closing adjustment     225,000   Total consideration transferred   $ 24,475,000       The following table summarizes the allocation of the preliminary purchase price at fair value at March 1, 2022:   Current assets   $ 6,620,000   Property and equipment     198,000   Intangible assets     13,840,000   Goodwill     5,617,000   Noninterest-bearing liabilities     ( 1,800,000 ) Net assets acquired at fair value   $ 24,475,000     The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined operating results of the Company and Microlab as if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. Pro forma data is subject to various assumptions and estimates and is presented for informational purposes only. This pro forma data does not purport to represent or be indicative of the consolidated operating results that would have been reported had the transaction been completed as described herein, and the data should not be taken as indicative of future consolidated operating results.   9     Unaudited pro forma financial information assuming the acquisition of Microlab as of November 1, 2021 is presented in the following table:       Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,       2023     2022     2023     2022                                     Revenue   $ 22,298     $ 22,559     $ 40,642     $ 44,527   Net income (loss)     581       429       ( 581 )     739                                     Earnings (loss) per share                                 Basic   $ 0.06     $ 0.04     $ ( 0.06 )   $ 0.07   Diluted   $ 0.06     $ 0.04     $ ( 0.06 )   $ 0.07                                     Basic     10,290,911       10,107,687       10,256,158       10,087,309   Diluted     10,327,271       10,243,636       10,256,158       10,229,704       Note 3 – Concentrations of credit risk   Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. At April 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of approximately $ 3.1 million.   Sales from each customer that were 10% or greater of net sales were as follows:       Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,       2023     2022     2023     2022   Wireless provider     20 %     24 %     18 %     28 %   For the three months ended April 30, 2023, a single wireless carrier customer accounted for 20 % of net sales and 24 % of total net accounts receivable balance. For the six months ended April 30, 2023, the same wireless carrier customer accounted for 18 % of net sales and 24 % of total net accounts receivable balance; for the three months ended April 30, 2022, it accounted for 24 % of net sales and 21 % of total net accounts receivable balance; for the six months ended April 30, 2022, it accounted for 28 % of net sales and 21 % of total net accounts receivable balance. Although this customer has been a significant customer of the Company, the written agreements with this customer do not have any minimum purchase obligations and this customer could stop buying our products at any time and for any reason. A reduction, delay or cancellation of orders from this customer or the loss of this customer could significantly reduce our future revenues and profits.     Note 4 – Inventories and major vendors   Inventories, consisting of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost has been determined using the weighted average cost method. Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):       April 30, 2023     October 31, 2022                     Raw materials and supplies   $ 14,485     $ 15,238   Work in process     543       439   Finished goods     5,358       5,377                     Totals   $ 20,386     $ 21,054     For the three months ended April 30, 2023, two vendors accounted for 27 % and 12 % of inventory purchases. For the three months ended April 30, 2022, one vendor accounted for 35 % of inventory purchases. For the six months ended April 30, 2023, one vendor accounted for 20 % of inventory purchases and one vendor accounted for 32 % of inventory purchases for the six months ended April 30, 2022. We have arrangements with these vendors to purchase products based on purchase orders that we periodically issue.   10       Note 5 – Other current assets   Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):       April 30, 2023     October 31, 2022                     Employee retention credit ("ERC")   $ 396     $ 1,636   Prepaid expense     1,070       972   Reimbursement for tenant improvements     -       2,810   Other     357       431                     Totals   $ 1,823     $ 5,849     Pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), eligible employers are able to claim an ERC, which is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. If the employer’s employment tax deposits are not sufficient to cover the credit, the employer may get an advance payment from the IRS. The period assessed for eligibility of the ERC is on a calendar year basis. As of April 30, 2023, the remaining portion of the ERC that we have not yet received is included as other receivables in other current assets.     Note 6 – Accrued expenses and other current liabilities   Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):       April 30, 2023     October 31, 2022                     Wages payable   $ 2,374     $ 3,634   Accrued receipts     1,713       2,136   Other accrued expenses     1,286       1,847   Tenant improvements payable     -       1,197                     Totals   $ 5,373     $ 8,814     Accrued receipts represent purchased inventory for which invoices have not been received.     Note 7 – Loss per share   Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding increased by the effects of assuming that other potentially dilutive securities (such as stock options) outstanding during the period had been exercised and the treasury stock method had been applied. During the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, we reported a net loss, and in periods with a net loss, the basic loss per share equals the diluted loss per share as all common stock equivalents are excluded from the per share calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect. Potentially issuable securities that are out-of-the-money totaled 755,229 and 420,223 shares for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 745,229 and 459,889 shares for the six months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and were excluded from the calculation of diluted per share amounts because of their anti-dilutive effect.   The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding:       Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,       2023     2022     2023     2022                                     Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share     10,290,911       10,107,687       10,256,158       10,087,309                                     Add effects of potentially dilutive securities-assumed exercise of stock options     36,360       135,949       -       142,395                                     Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share     10,327,271       10,243,636       10,256,158       10,229,704     11       Note 8 – Stock-based compensation and equity transactions   On January 10, 2022, we granted a total of 39,666 shares of restricted stock and 106,001 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one -quarter of the restricted shares and options vested on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. All incentive stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant.   On January 10, 2023, we granted a total of 54,092 shares of restricted stock and 108,181 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one -quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 10, 2024; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. Also on January 10, 2023, we granted another manager 50,000 incentive stock options. These options shall vest in five equal installments on each of the next five anniversaries of January 10, 2023. All incentive stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant.   No other shares or options were granted to company employees during the three and six months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022.   The weighted average fair value of employee stock options that were granted during the six months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 was estimated to be $ 3.21 and $ 3.84 , respectively, per share, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:       Six Months Ended April 30,       2023     2022   Risk-free interest rate     3.76 %     1.23 % Dividend yield     0.00 %     0.00 % Expected life of the option (in years)   7.00     7.00   Volatility factor     54.30 %     53.35 %   Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. We used the historical method to calculate the expected life of the 2023 and 2022 option grants. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate with a maturity date corresponding to the options’ expected life. The dividend yield is based upon the historical dividend yield.   Company stock option plans   Descriptions of our stock option plans are included in Note 9 to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022. A summary of the status of the options granted under our stock option plans as of April 30, 2023 and the changes in options outstanding during the six months then ended is presented in the table that follows:               Weighted               Average       Shares     Exercise Price   Outstanding at November 1, 2022     691,005     $ 5.87   Options granted     158,181     $ 5.46   Options exercised     ( 45,000 )   $ 1.90   Options cancelled     -     $ -   Options outstanding at April 30, 2023     804,186     $ 6.01   Options exercisable at April 30, 2023     405,840     $ 6.68   Options vested and expected to vest at April 30, 2023     798,697     $ 6.02     Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of April 30, 2023: 6.93 years   Weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable as of April 30, 2023: 5.92 years   Weighted average remaining contractual life of options vested and expected to vest as of April 30, 2023: 6.94 years   Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at April 30, 2023: $ 146,555   12     Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at April 30, 2023: $ 39,720   Aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest at April 30, 2023: $ 144,162   As of April 30, 2023, $ 987,788 and $ 652,629 of expenses with respect to nonvested stock options and restricted shares, respectively, has yet to be recognized but is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.67 and 1.29 years, respectively.   Stock option expense   During the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation expense totaled $ 230,000 and $ 168,000 , respectively, and was classified in selling and general expense. During the six months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation expense totaled $ 441,000 and $ 307,000 , respectively, and was classified in selling and general expenses.     Note 9 – Segment information   We aggregate operating divisions into two reporting segments that have similar economic characteristics primarily in the following areas: (1) the nature of the product and services; (2) the nature of the production process; (3) the type or class of customer for their products and services; (4) the methods used to distribute their products or services; and (5) if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment. Based upon this evaluation, as of April 30, 2023, we had two reportable segments – RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment and Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment.   The RF Connector segment consists of two divisions and the Custom Cabling segment consists of four divisions. The six divisions that met the quantitative thresholds for segment reporting are the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division (“RF Connector division”), Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech, and Microlab. While each segment has similar products and services, there was little overlapping of these services to their customer base. The biggest difference in segments is in the channels of sales: sales or product and services for the RF Connector segment were primarily through the distribution channel, while the Custom Cabling segment sales were through a combination of distribution and direct to the end user.   Management identifies segments based on strategic business units that are, in turn, based along market lines. These strategic business units offer products and services to different markets in accordance with their customer base and product usage. For segment reporting purposes, the RF Connector and Microlab divisions constitutes the RF Connector segment, and the Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech divisions constitute the Custom Cabling segment.   We evaluate the performance of each segment based on income or loss before income taxes. We charge depreciation and amortization directly to each division within the segment. Accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, right of use assets, goodwill and intangible assets are the only assets identified by segment. Except as discussed above, the accounting policies for segment reporting are the same for the Company as a whole.   All of our operations are conducted in the United States; however, we derive a portion of our revenue from export sales. We attribute sales to geographic areas based on the location of the customers. The following table presents the sales by geographic area for the three and six months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):       Three Months Ended April 30,     Six Months Ended April 30,       2023     2022     2023     2022                                     United States   $ 20,908     $ 19,950     $ 37,012     $ 36,366   Foreign Countries:                                 Canada     588       663       1,172       961   Italy     294       173       1,392       173   Mexico     1       53       3       78   All Other     507       666       1,063       845         1,390       1,555       3,630       2,057                                     Totals   $ 22,298     $ 21,505     $ 40,642     $ 38,423     13     Net sales, income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes and other related segment information for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):       RF Connector     Custom Cabling                       and     Manufacturing and                   2023   Cable Assembly     Assembly     Corporate     Total   Net sales   $ 8,650     $ 13,648     $ -     $ 22,298   (Loss) income before benefit for income taxes     ( 306 )     812       ( 89 )     417   Depreciation and amortization     477       146       -       623   Total assets     50,314       24,837       8,968       84,119                                     2022                                 Net sales   $ 7,510     $ 13,995     $ -     $ 21,505   Income (loss) before provision for income taxes     577       807       ( 745 )     639   Depreciation and amortization     293       145       -       438   Total assets     34,398       26,812       8,437       69,647     Net sales, income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes and other related segment information for the six months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):       RF Connector     Custom Cabling                       and     Manufacturing and                   2023   Cable Assembly     Assembly     Corporate     Total   Net sales   $ 17,708     $ 22,934     $ -     $ 40,642   Loss before benefit from income taxes     ( 60 )     ( 109 )     ( 736 )     ( 905 ) Depreciation and amortization     872       293       -       1,165   Total assets     50,314       24,837       8,968       84,119                                     2022                                 Net sales   $ 11,433     $ 26,990     $ -     $ 38,423   Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes     633       1,121       ( 1,472 )     282   Depreciation and amortization     330       288       -       618   Total assets     34,398       26,812       8,437       69,647       Note 10 – Income taxes   We use an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate, to determine its quarterly provision (benefit) for income taxes. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.   We recorded income tax (benefits) provisions of ($ 164,000 ) and $ 136,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate was ( 39.3 %) for the three months ended April 30, 2023, compared to 21.3 % for the three months ended April 30, 2022. For the six months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded income tax (benefits) provisions of ($ 324,000 ) and $ 56,000 , respectively. The effective tax rate was 35.8 % for the six months ended April 30, 2023, compared to 20.4 % for the six months ended April 30, 2022. The change in effective tax rate for the six months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily driven by the increased benefit from research and development credits and the Company's full year forecasted financial loss.   We had $ 182,000 and $ 121,000 of unrecognized tax benefits, as of April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively. The unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would result in a net tax benefit of $ 178,000 as of April 30, 2023.   14       Note 11 – Intangible assets   Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):       April 30, 2023     October 31, 2022   Amortizable intangible assets:                 Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)   $ 423     $ 423   Accumulated amortization     ( 356 )     ( 334 )       67       89                     Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)     6,058       6,058   Accumulated amortization     ( 3,267 )     ( 3,074 )       2,791       2,984                     Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)     327       327   Accumulated amortization     ( 327 )     ( 313 )       -       14                     Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)     368       368   Accumulated amortization     ( 160 )     ( 143 )       208       225                     Tradename (estimated life 15 years)     1,700       1,700   Accumulated amortization     ( 132 )     ( 76 )       1,568       1,624                     Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)     11,100       11,100   Accumulated amortization     ( 1,295 )     ( 740 )       9,805       10,360                     Totals   $ 14,439     $ 15,296                     Non-amortizable intangible assets:                 Trademarks   $ 1,174     $ 1,174     Amortization expense for the six months ended April 30, 2023 and the year ended October 31, 2022 was $ 857,000 and $ 1,282,000 , respectively. As of April 30, 2023, the weighted-average amortization period for the amortizable intangible assets is 9.02 years.     Note 12 – Commitments   We have operating leases for corporate offices, manufacturing facilities, and certain storage units. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to three years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years. A portion of our operating leases are leased from K&K Unlimited, a company controlled by Darren Clark, the former owner and current President of Cables Unlimited, to whom we make rent payments totaling $ 16,000 per month.   We also have other operating leases for certain equipment. The components of our facilities and equipment operating lease expenses for the period ended April 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):       Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended       April 30, 2023     April 30, 2023   Operating lease cost   $ 703     $ 1,467     15     Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):       April 30, 2023     October 31, 2022   Supplemental Cash Flows Information                 ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:                 Operating leases   $ 141     $ 13,352                     Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term                 Operating leases (in months)     111.7       113.72                     Weighted Average Discount Rate                 Operating leases     3.75 %     3.75 %   Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of April 30, 2023 were as follows:   Year ending October 31,   Operating Leases             2023 (excluding six months ended April 30, 2023)   $ 1,245   2024     1,991   2025     1,796   2026     1,835   2027     1,874   Thereafter     10,619   Total future minimum lease payments     19,360   Less imputed interest     ( 3,175 ) Total   $ 16,185       Reported as of April 30, 2023   Operating Leases   Other current liabilities   $ 1,692   Operating lease liabilities     14,493   Total   $ 16,185     As of April 30, 2023, operating lease ROU asset was $ 12.4 million and operating lease liability totaled $ 16.2 million, of which $ 1.7 million is classified as current. There were no finance leases as of April 30, 2023.     Note 13 – Term Loan and Line of credit   In February 2022, we entered into an agreement for a revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in the amount of $ 3.0 million and a $ 17.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”, and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facility”). Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility shall bear interest at a rate of 2.0 % plus the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate (“base interest rate”). The maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility is March 1, 2024. The Company drew down the entire amount of the Term Loan on March 1, 2022. The primary interest rate for Term Loan is 3.76 % per annum. The maturity date of the Term Loan is March 1, 2027.   Borrowings under the Credit Facility are secured by a security interest in certain assets of the Company and are subject to certain loan covenants. The Credit Facility requires the maintenance of certain financial covenants, including: (i) consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00; (ii) consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00; and (iii) consolidated minimum EBITDA of at least $ 600,000 for the discrete quarter ended January 31, 2022. In addition, the Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants.   As of April 30, 2023, we have borrowed $ 14,374,000 under the Term Loan while we have not borrowed any amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility. Subsequent to April 30, 2023, we have drawn $ 1.0 million from the Revolving Credit Facility for leasehold improvements.   16       Note 14 – Cash dividend and declared dividends   We did not pay any dividends during the three or six months ended April 30, 2023, nor did we pay any dividends during the three or six months ended April 30, 2022.     Item 2: Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     This report contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “ may, ” “ will, ” “ should, ” “ except, ” “ plan, ” “ anticipate, ” “ believe, ” “ estimate, ”  “ predict, ” “ potential ”  or  “ continue, ”  the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially.   Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither the Company, nor any other person, assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We are under no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in its expectations.   The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by the Company which attempt to advise interested parties of the factors which affect our business, including without limitation the disclosures made under the caption  “ Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, ”  under the caption  “ Risk Factors, ”  and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022 and other reports and filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission.   Critical Accounting Policies   Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventory reserves, earn-out liabilities, and contingencies on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be appropriate under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.   Inventories   Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost method of accounting. Certain items in inventory may be considered obsolete or excess and, as such, we periodically review our inventories for excess and slow moving items and make provisions as necessary to properly reflect inventory value. Because inventories have, during the past few years, represented up to one-fourth of our total assets, any reduction in the value of our inventories would require us to take write-offs that would affect our net worth and future earnings.   Allowance for Doubtful Accounts   We record an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon our assessment of various factors. We consider historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balance, credit quality of our customers, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.   Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill   We assess property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets, for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value.   We amortize our intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and review these assets for impairment.   We test our goodwill and trademarks and indefinite-lived assets for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate these assets may be impaired. These events or circumstances require significant judgment and could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition and sale or disposition of all or a portion of a division. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital.   17     As of April 30, 2023, we performed an impairment test analyses for Schrofftech. As noted above, we test our goodwill, trademarks, and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually, which we have traditionally done in the fourth quarter, or on an interim basis when events or changes in circumstances suggest these assets may be impaired. Impairment is measured as the excess of the carrying value of the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset over its fair value.   Impairment may result from a number of factors, including performance deterioration, negative cash flows from operations and/or changes in anticipated future cash flows, changes in business plans, adverse economic or market conditions, or other factors beyond our control. The amount of any impairment must be expensed as a charge to operations. Schrofftech’s three- and six-months results ended April 30, 2023 triggered an impairment analysis. Schrofftech was acquired on November 4, 2019 for a total purchase price of $5.3 million, consisting of cash consideration of $4.0 million and $1.3 million in earn-out, of which none was earned. As of April 30, 2023, Schrofftech has a carrying value of $3.2 million, of which includes $1.1 million in goodwill, $0.5 million in non-amortizable intangible assets and $1.6 million in net amortizable intangible assets. The analysis performed included a blend of the income approach (discounted cash flow method) and market approach (guideline public company method) to reach the fair value of equity of $4.2 million. The fair value of equity is in excess of the fair value to the carrying amount.   The analysis performed in blending the income approach and the market approach incorporates several significant judgments and assumptions about projected revenue growth, future operating margins and discount rates. There are inherent uncertainties related to these assumptions and our judgment in applying them to the impairment analysis. Changes in certain events or circumstances could result in changes to our estimated fair values, and may result in future write-downs to the carrying values of these assets. Impairment charges could adversely affect our financial results, financial ratios and could limit our ability to obtain financing in the future.   Income Taxes   We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.   The calculation of the tax provision involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of GAAP and complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results.    Stock-based Compensation   We use the Black-Scholes model to value the stock option grants. This valuation is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of inputs which involve significant judgments and estimates. These inputs include the expected term of employee stock options, the expected volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.   Overview   RF Industries, Ltd. (together with subsidiaries, the “Company,” “we”, “us”, or “our”) is a national manufacturer and marketer of interconnect products and systems, including high-performance components such as RF connectors and adapters, dividers, directional couplers and filters, coaxial cables, data cables, wire harnesses, fiber optic cables, custom cabling, energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell enclosures. Through our manufacturing and production facilities, we provide a wide selection of interconnect products and solutions primarily to telecommunications carriers and equipment manufacturers, wireless and network infrastructure carriers and manufacturers and to various original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in several market segments. We also design, engineer, manufacture and sell energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell solutions and related components.   We operate through two reporting segments: (i) the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment, and (ii) the Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment. The RF Connector segment primarily designs, manufactures, markets and distributes a broad range of RF connector, adapter, coupler, divider, and cable products, including coaxial passives and cable assemblies that are used in telecommunications and information technology, OEM markets and other end markets. The Custom Cabling segment designs, manufactures, markets and distributes custom copper and fiber cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic and power solution cables, electromechanical wiring harnesses, wiring harnesses for a broad range of applications in a diverse set of end markets, energy-efficient cooling systems for wireless base stations and remote equipment shelters and custom designed, pole-ready 4G and 5G small cell integrated enclosures.   For the six months ended April 30, 2023, approximately half of our revenues were generated from the Custom Cabling segment from the sale of fiber optics cable, copper cabling, custom patch cord assemblies, and wiring harnesses, which collectively accounted for 56% of the Company’s total sales. Revenues from the RF Connector segment were generated from the sales of RF connector products and cable assemblies and accounted for 44% of total sales for the six months ended April 30, 2023. The RF Connector segment mostly sells standardized products regularly used by customers and, therefore, has a more stable revenue stream. On the other hand, the Custom Cabling segment mostly designs, manufactures, and sells customized cabling and wireless-related equipment under larger purchase orders. Accordingly, the Custom Cabling segment is more dependent upon larger orders and its revenues can therefore be more volatile than the revenues of the RF Connector segment.   18     We recently moved into new corporate headquarters located at 16868 Via Del Campo Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92127. Our phone number remains (858) 549-6340.   Liquidity and Capital Resources   Historically, we have been able to fund our liquidity and other capital requirements from funds we generated from operations. On March 1, 2022, we acquired Microlab. In connection with the purchase of Microlab, we entered into the Credit Facility and borrowed the full $17 million amount available under the Term Loan. Subsequent to April 30, 2023, we have drawn $1 million from the Revolving Credit Facility for leasehold improvements to the new corporate headquarters. We believe that our existing assets and the cash we expect to generate from operations (including those of Microlab) and from our current backlog of unfulfilled orders, will be sufficient to fund our liquidity needs during the next 12 months from the date of this filing based on the following:   As of April 30, 2023, we had a total of $4.3 million of cash and cash equivalents compared to a total of $4.5 million of cash and cash equivalents as of October 31, 2022. As of April 30, 2023, we had working capital of $25.1 million and a current ratio of approximately 2.6:1 with current assets of $41.0 million and current liabilities of $15.9 million. We believe that the amount of cash remaining, plus the amount available to us under the Revolving Credit Facility, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated liquidity needs.   As of April 30, 2023, we had $18.9 million of backlog, compared to $27.8 million as of October 31, 2022. The decrease in backlog relates primarily to shipments made against orders for our hybrid fiber cables. Since purchase orders are submitted from customers based on the timing of their requirements, our ability to predict orders in future periods or trends in future periods is limited. Furthermore, purchase orders may be subject to cancellation from customers, although we have not historically experienced material cancellations of purchase orders.   In the six months ended April 30, 2023, we generated $2.2 million of cash in our operating activities. This net inflow of cash is primarily related to an increase in other current assets of $4.0 million, the collections of accounts receivable of $0.2 million, $1.2 million from depreciation and amortization, and $0.4 million from stock-based compensation expense. The cash usage was primarily due to accrued expenses of $3.4 million and our net loss of $0.6 million. The cash generated by other current assets represents $4.0 million which primarily consists of $2.8 million of reimbursement for tenant improvements and $1.2 million received from ERC.   During the six months ended April 30, 2023, we also spent $1.3 million on capital expenditures, and $1.2 million in Term Loan payments. The cash used in operating activities and the amounts spent on capital expenditures were partially offset by $0.1 million of proceeds that we received from the exercise of stock options.   Our goal to expand and grow our business both organically and through acquisitions may require material additional capital equipment. In the past, we have purchased all additional equipment, or financed some of our equipment and furnishings requirements through capital leases. At this time, we have not identified any additional capital equipment purchases that would require significant additional leasing or capital expenditures during the next 12 months. We also believe that based on our current financial condition, our current backlog of unfulfilled orders and our anticipated future operations, we would be able to finance our expansion, if necessary.   From time to time, we may undertake acquisitions of other companies or product lines in order to diversify our product and solutions offerings and customer base. Conversely, we may undertake the disposition of a division or product line due to changes in our business strategy or market conditions. Acquisitions may require the outlay of cash, which may reduce our liquidity and capital resources while dispositions may increase our cash position, liquidity and capital resources. Since our goal is to continue to expand our operations and accelerate our growth through future acquisitions, we may use some of our current capital resources to fund acquisitions we may undertake in the future.   Results of Operations   Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 vs. Three Months Ended April 30, 2022   Net sales for the three months ended April 30, 2023 (the “fiscal 2023 quarter”) increased by 3.7%, or $0.8 million, to $22.3 million as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 (the “fiscal 2022 quarter”). Net sales for the fiscal 2023 quarter at the Custom Cabling segment decreased by $0.4 million, or 2.9%, to $13.6 million, compared to $14.0 million in the fiscal 2022 quarter. The decrease was primarily the result of decreases in sales to customers in the Tier-1 wireless carrier ecosystem related to our small cell products and systems and our hybrid fiber cables compared to the prior year first quarter. Net sales for the fiscal 2023 quarter at the RF Connector segment increased by $1.2 million, or 16.0%, to $8.7 million as compared to $7.5 million in the fiscal 2022 quarter, primarily due to a full period of Microlab being included in fiscal 2023 quarter, compared to fiscal 2022 quarter.   Gross profit for the fiscal 2023 quarter remained consistent and was $6.1 million in both the fiscal 2023 quarter and fiscal 2022 quarter. While our gross profit remained relatively consistent, Microlab products contributed positively to our gross profit which was offset by the decrease related to our small cell and direct air cooling products in fiscal 2023 quarter compared to fiscal 2022 quarter.   19     Engineering expenses remained flat and were $0.9 million in both the fiscal 2023 quarter and the fiscal 2022 quarter. We also incurred additional engineering expenses during the fiscal 2023 quarter related to the engineering efforts associated with our integrated systems products. Engineering expenses represent costs incurred relating to the ongoing research and development of current and new products.   Selling and general expenses increased by $0.2 million to $4.7 million (21.3% of sales) compared to $4.5 million (20.8% of sales) in the second quarter last year. This was primarily due to a full quarter of Microlab compared to two months in the second quarter last year. We also incurred a one-time expense related to the facility move of $70,000 and ERP system upgrades of $20,000 in the fiscal 2023 quarter.   For the fiscal 2023 quarter, the Custom Cabling segment had pretax income of $812,000 while the RF Connector segment had a pretax loss of $306,000, as compared to $807,000 income and $577,000 of income, respectively, for the comparable quarter last year. The increase in the pretax net income at the RF Connector segment was primarily due to the acquisition of Microlab. The decrease in pretax income at the Custom Cabling segment was due primarily to the decrease in sales of hybrid fiber cables to a Tier-1 wireless customer and a decrease in sales of small cell products and systems to customers in the Tier-1 wireless ecosystem.   The benefit for income taxes was (39.3%) and 21.3% of loss before income taxes for the fiscal 2023 quarter and the fiscal 2022 quarter, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate from the fiscal 2022 quarter to fiscal 2023 quarter was primarily driven by the increased benefit from research and development credits and the Company's full year forecasted financial loss.   For the fiscal 2023 quarter, net income was $0.6 million and fully diluted earnings per share was $0.06 per share, compared to a net income of $0.5 million and fully diluted earnings per share of $0.05 per share for the fiscal 2022 quarter. For the fiscal 2023 quarter, the diluted weighted average shares outstanding was 10,327,271 as compared to 10,243,636 for the fiscal 2022 quarter.   Six Months Ended April 30, 2023 vs. Six Months Ended April 30, 2022   Net sales for the six months ended April 30, 2023 (the “fiscal 2023 six-month period”) of $40.6 million increased by 5.7%, or $2.2 million, compared to the six months ended April 30, 2022 (the “fiscal 2022 six-month period”). The increase in net sales is attributable to the RF Connector segment, which increased by $6.3 million, or 55.3%, to $17.7 million compared to $11.4 million in the fiscal 2022 six-month period, primarily a result of the Microlab acquisition. Net sales for the fiscal 2023 six-month period at the Custom Cabling segment decreased by $4.1 million, or 15.2%, to $22.9 million compared to $27.0 million in the fiscal 2022 six-month period. The decrease was primarily in our project-based business relating to small cell and direct air cooling products which resulted from the downturn in carrier spending in the fiscal 2023 six-month period.   Gross profit for the fiscal 2023 six-month period increased by $1.0 million to $11.2 million and gross margins increased to 27.6% of sales from 26.5% of sales in the fiscal 2022 six-month period. The increases in gross profit and gross margins primarily related to the overall increase in sales.   Engineering expenses increased $0.5 million to $1.8 million for the fiscal 2023 six-month period compared to $1.3 million in the fiscal 2022 six-month period. The increase was primarily due to additional engineering expenses during the fiscal 2023 six-month period related to the engineering efforts associated with our integrated systems products and two full quarters of Microlab. Engineering expenses represent costs incurred relating to the ongoing research and development of new products.   Selling and general expenses increased by $1.5 million to $10.0 million (24.7% of sales) compared to $8.5 million (22.0% of sales) in the six-month period last year. Microlab accounted for $2.3 million of the selling and general expenses. We also incurred a one-time expense related to severance of $50,000, additional rent expense of $444,000 (of which $387,000 was non-cash) related to lease accounting, $70,000 in facility move expenses and $20,000 in ERP system upgrades in fiscal 2023 six-month period. Selling and general expenses also increased as a result of the increase in net sales during the current fiscal 2023 six-month period.   For the fiscal 2023 six-month period, pretax loss for the Custom Cabling segment and the RF Connector segment was $109,000 and $60,000, respectively, as compared to $1.1 million and $633,000 of income, respectively, for the comparable six-month period last year.   For the fiscal 2023 and 2022 six-month periods, we recorded income tax (benefit) provision of ($324,000) and $56,000, respectively. The effective tax rate was 35.8% for the fiscal 2023 six-month period, compared to 20.4% for the fiscal 2022 six-month period. The change in effective tax rate for the fiscal 2023 and 2022 six-month periods was primarily driven by the increased benefit from research and development credits and the Company's full year forecasted financial loss.   For the fiscal 2023 six-month period, net loss was $0.6 million and fully diluted loss per share was ($0.06) per share as compared to a net income of $0.2 million and fully diluted earnings per share of $0.02 per share for the fiscal 2022 six-month period. For the fiscal 2023 six-month period, the diluted weighted average shares outstanding was 10,256,158 as compared to 10,229,704 for the fiscal 2022 six-month period.   Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk   Not applicable.   20