Replimune Group, Inc. 10-Q

Item 1. Financial Statements. REPLIMUNE GROUP, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited) June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 106,481 $ 146,590 Short-term investments 432,619 436,796 Research and development incentives receivable 3,047 2,939 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 7,895 6,278 Total current assets 550,042 592,603 Property, plant and equipment, net 7,616 7,479 Restricted cash 1,636 1,636 Research and development incentives receivable, non-current 402 — Right-to-use asset - operating leases 5,137 5,208 Right-to-use asset - financing leases 39,058 39,665 Total assets $ 603,891 $ 646,591 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 4,883 $ 5,364 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 23,562 24,704 Operating lease liabilities, current 1,139 1,118 Financing lease liabilities, current 2,658 2,639 Total current liabilities 32,242 33,825 Operating lease liabilities, non-current 4,295 4,389 Financing lease liabilities, non-current 23,842 23,965 Long term debt, net of discount 28,905 28,648 Other liabilities, non-current 578 472 Total liabilities $ 89,862 $ 91,299 Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) Stockholders' equity Common stock, $ 0.001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023; 58,976,325 and 56,676,313 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively 57 57 Additional paid-in capital 1,045,049 1,034,994 Accumulated deficit ( 535,043 ) ( 485,488 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income 3,966 5,729 Total stockholders' equity 514,029 555,292 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 603,891 $ 646,591 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 3 Table of Contents REPLIMUNE GROUP, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited) Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Operating expenses: Research and development $ 40,437 $ 29,478 Selling, general and administrative 15,211 11,398 Total operating expenses 55,648 40,876 Loss from operations ( 55,648 ) ( 40,876 ) Other income (expense): Research and development incentives 393 851 Investment income 6,186 343 Interest expense on finance lease liability ( 544 ) ( 552 ) Interest expense on debt obligations ( 1,115 ) — Other income (expense) 1,374 ( 2,019 ) Total other income (expense), net 6,294 ( 1,377 ) Loss before income taxes $ ( 49,354 ) $ ( 42,253 ) Income tax provision 201 $ — Net loss $ ( 49,555 ) $ ( 42,253 ) Net loss per common share, basic and diluted $ ( 0.75 ) $ ( 0.78 ) Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted 66,367,702 54,211,446 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 4 Table of Contents REPLIMUNE GROUP, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Amounts in thousands) (Unaudited) Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Net loss $ ( 49,555 ) $ ( 42,253 ) Other comprehensive loss: Foreign currency translation (loss) gain ( 1,305 ) 1,737 Net unrealized loss on short-term investments, net of tax of $ 0 ( 458 ) ( 244 ) Comprehensive loss $ ( 51,318 ) $ ( 40,760 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 5 Table of Contents REPLIMUNE GROUP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Amounts in thousands, except share amounts) (Unaudited) Common stock Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficit Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total stockholders’ equity Shares Amount Balances as of March 31, 2023 56,676,313 $ 57 $ 1,034,994 $ ( 485,488 ) $ 5,729 $ 555,292 Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — ( 1,305 ) ( 1,305 ) Unrealized loss on short-term investments — — — — ( 458 ) ( 458 ) Exercise of pre-funded warrants 1,922,655 — — — — — Exercise of stock options 96,146 — 1,209 — — 1,209 Vesting of RSUs 281,211 — — — — — Stock-based compensation expense — — 8,846 — — 8,846 Net loss — — — ( 49,555 ) — ( 49,555 ) Balances as of June 30, 2023 58,976,325 57 1,045,049 ( 535,043 ) 3,966 514,029 Balances as of Balances as of March 31, 2022 47,338,660 $ 47 $ 723,359 $ ( 311,204 ) $ ( 973 ) $ 411,229 Issuance of common stock through ATM sales, net of offering costs 1,686,438 2 31,035 — — 31,037 Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — 1,737 1,737 Unrealized loss on short-term investments — — — — ( 244 ) ( 244 ) Exercise of stock options 124,028 — 1,562 — — 1,562 Vesting of RSUs 149,341 — — — — — Stock-based compensation expense — — 7,194 — — 7,194 Net loss — — — ( 42,253 ) — ( 42,253 ) Balances as of June 30, 2022 49,298,467 49 763,150 ( 353,457 ) 520 410,262 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 6 Table of Contents REPLIMUNE GROUP, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Amounts in thousands) (Unaudited) Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ ( 49,555 ) $ ( 42,253 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Stock-based compensation expense 8,846 7,194 Depreciation 621 620 Net amortization of premiums and discounts on short-term investments ( 4,091 ) 243 Noncash interest expense 257 — Unrealized foreign currency transaction losses ( 1,374 ) — Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Research and development incentives receivable ( 393 ) ( 850 ) Prepaid expenses and other current assets ( 1,577 ) 1,158 Operating lease, right-of-use-asset 148 126 Finance lease, right-of-use-asset 607 607 Accounts payable ( 816 ) 895 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ( 1,215 ) ( 1,067 ) Operating lease liabilities ( 153 ) ( 128 ) Other non-current liabilities 107 — Net cash used in operating activities ( 48,588 ) ( 33,455 ) Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property, plant and equipment ( 449 ) ( 1,068 ) Purchase of short-term investments ( 169,330 ) ( 60,617 ) Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments 177,140 67,000 Net cash provided by investing activities 7,361 5,315 Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of common stock through ATM sales, net of offering costs — 31,037 Principal payment of finance lease obligation ( 104 ) ( 77 ) Proceeds from exercise of stock options 1,209 1,562 Net cash provided by financing activities 1,105 32,522 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 13 1,915 Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ( 40,109 ) 6,297 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 148,226 107,584 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 108,117 $ 113,881 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid during the period for interest 653 — Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable 412 318 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 7 Table of Contents REPLIMUNE GROUP, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited) 1. Nature of the business Replimune Group, Inc. (the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company committed to applying its leading expertise in the field of oncolytic immunotherapy to transform the lives of cancer patients through its novel tumor-directed oncolytic immunotherapies. The Company's proprietary tumor-directed oncolytic immunotherapy product candidates are designed and intended to maximally activate the immune system against cancer. Replimune Group, Inc., whose predecessor was founded in 2015, is the parent company of its wholly owned, direct and indirect subsidiaries: Replimune Limited (“Replimune UK”); Replimune, Inc. (“Replimune US”); Replimune Securities Corporation; and Replimune (Ireland) Limited. The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry, including, but not limited to, development by competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, third-party intellectual property, compliance with government regulations and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations. Product candidates currently under development will require significant additional research and development efforts, including preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval, prior to commercialization. These efforts require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel and infrastructure and extensive compliance and reporting capabilities. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize significant revenue from product sales. Basis of presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. The Company has incurred recurring losses since its inception, including net losses of $ 49.6 million and $ 42.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, as of June 30, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $ 535.0 million. The Company expects to continue to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future. As of the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company expects that its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through at least 12 months from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. 2. Summary of significant accounting policies Principles of consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and include the accounts of the Company and its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, Replimune UK, Replimune US, Replimune Securities Corporation and Replimune (Ireland) Limited after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions. Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the accrual for research and development expenses and the valuation of stock-based awards. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Unaudited interim financial information The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023, the consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive loss and of stockholders’ equity for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and, in the 8 Table of Contents opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2023 and the results of its operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and its cash flows for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The financial data and other information disclosed in these consolidated notes related to the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited. The results for the three months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending March 31, 2024, any other interim periods or any future year or period. The financial information included herein should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 18, 2023 (the "Annual Report"). During the three months ended June 30, 2023, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in the Annual Report, except as described below. 3. Fair value of financial assets and liabilities The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2023 Using: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash equivalents Money market funds $ — $ 26,928 $ — $ 26,928 US Government Agency bonds — 15,928 — 15,928 Short-term investments US Government Agency bonds — 307,583 — 307,583 US Treasury bonds — 125,036 — 125,036 $ — $ 475,475 $ — $ 475,475 Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2023 Using: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash equivalents Money market funds $ — $ 121,455 $ — $ 121,455 Short-term investments US Government Agency bonds — 240,355 — 240,355 US Treasury bonds — 196,441 — 196,441 $ — $ 558,251 $ — $ 558,251 The underlying securities in the money market funds held by the Company are all government backed securities. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no transfers between levels. Valuation of cash equivalents and short-term investments Money market funds, U.S. Government Agency bonds and U.S. Treasury bonds were valued by the Company using quoted prices in active markets for similar securities, which represent a Level 2 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. Cash equivalents consisted of money market funds and U.S. Government Agency bonds at June 30, 2023 and money market funds at March 31, 2023. 4. Short-term investments As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the Company's available-for-sale investments by type consisted of the following: 9 Table of Contents June 30, 2023 Amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Credit Losses Fair value US Government agency bonds $ 307,935 $ 84 $ ( 436 ) $ — $ 307,583 US Treasury bonds 125,205 3 ( 172 ) — 125,036 Total $ 433,140 $ 87 $ ( 608 ) $ — $ 432,619 March 31, 2023 Amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Credit Losses Fair value US Government agency bonds 240,371 187 ( 203 ) $ — 240,355 US Treasury bonds 196,488 77 ( 124 ) — 196,441 Total $ 436,859 $ 264 $ ( 327 ) $ — $ 436,796 As of June 30, 2023, available-for-sale securities consisted of investments that mature within one year. As of March 31, 2023, available-for-sale securities consisted of investments that mature within one year, with the exception of certain U.S. Government agency bonds and U.S. Treasury bonds which had maturities between one and two years and an aggregate fair value of $ 15.1 million. 5. Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following: June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023 Office equipment $ 1,245 $ 1,240 Computer equipment 1,806 1,806 Plant and laboratory equipment 9,337 9,186 Leasehold improvements 1,706 1,706 Construction in progress 1,385 783 Total property, plant and equipment 15,479 14,721 Less: Accumulated depreciation ( 7,863 ) ( 7,242 ) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 7,616 $ 7,479 Depreciation expense was $ 621 and $ 620 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense is recorded within research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. 6. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following: June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023 Accrued research and development costs $ 14,959 $ 11,261 Accrued compensation and benefits costs 5,204 9,909 Accrued professional fees 402 540 Other 2,997 2,994 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 23,562 $ 24,704 7 Debt 10 Table of Contents On October 6, 2022, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”), with Hercules Capital, Inc., as administrative agent, collateral agent and as a lender (“Hercules”). Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the Company can borrow term loans in an aggregate maximum principal amount of up to $ 200.0 million under multiple tranches (the “Term Loan Facility”). Under the Loan Agreement, the Company borrowed an initial amount of $ 30.0 million on the Closing Date, and at the Company's sole option, could draw down an additional $ 30.0 million on or prior to September 30, 2023, as well as additional term loan advances in an aggregate principal amount of up to $ 115.0 million during the term of the Term Loan Facility subject to achievement of specified performance milestones, and two additional term loan advances up to an aggregate principal amount of $ 25.0 million subject to certain terms and conditions, on or prior to the end of the interest-only period. The Company intends to use the proceeds of the Term Loan Facility for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Loan Agreement was subsequently amended (the "Amendment") on June 28, 2023 and the agreement, as amended, states that the Company agrees to draw an initial term loan advance in an aggregate principal amount not less than $ 30.0 million, provided that the aggregate amount of the term loan advances made under tranche 1 do not exceed $ 30.0 million, which is a decrease of $ 30 million from the $ 60.0 million in the original Loan Agreement. The total amount of the Loan Agreement, as well as the outstanding balance of the loan, is unchanged, but the option to borrow an additional $ 30.0 million is moved from tranche 1 to tranche 2. Therefore, the amendment states that the Company can draw down an additional $ 45.0 million on or prior to December 31, 2023, which is an increase of $ 30.0 million from the $ 15.0 million in the original Loan Agreement for tranche 2. The impact of this amendment is not a modification, as it does not relate to outstanding debt, but is rather an amendment that provides for a future potential benefit. There is no material impact to the financial statements. The Term Loan Facility will mature on October 1, 2027 (the “Maturity Date”). The outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility bears interest payable in cash at a floating rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) 7.25 % and (ii) the sum of the Prime Rate (which is capped at 7.25 %) and 1.75 %. Accrued interest is payable monthly following the funding of each term loan advance. In addition, the principal balance of the Term Loan Facility will bear “payment-in-kind” interest at the rate of 1.50 % (“PIK Interest”), which PIK Interest will be added to the outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility on each interest payment date. Borrowings under the Loan Agreement are repayable in monthly interest-only payments through September 2026. After the interest-only payment period, borrowings under the Loan Agreement are repayable in equal monthly payments of principal and accrued interest until October 2027. At the Company's option, the Company may prepay all or a portion of the outstanding borrowings, subject to a prepayment fee of 3.0 % of the principal amount if prepayment occurs during the 12 months following the Closing Date, 2.0 % after 12 months following the Closing Date but prior to 36 months following the Closing Date, and 1.0 % thereafter. The Loan Agreement contains customary facility fees, events of default and representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant requiring us to maintain unrestricted cash in an amount not less than 35 % of the aggregate outstanding secured obligations under the Loan Agreement, in accounts subject to a control agreement in favor of the Agent (the “Unrestricted Cash”) at all times commencing on January 1, 2024. In addition, the Loan Agreement also contains a financial covenant that beginning on the later of (i) July 1, 2024 and (ii) the date on which the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan Facility is equal to or greater than $ 100.0 million, the Company is required to satisfy one of the following requirements: (1) achieve a minimum amount of trailing three-month net product revenue tested on a monthly basis, (2) maintain a market capitalization in excess of $ 1.2 billion and Unrestricted Cash in an amount no less than 50 % of the outstanding amount under the Term Loan Facility, or (3) maintain Unrestricted Cash in an amount no less than 85 % of the outstanding amount under the Term Loan Facility. The Company paid a $ 0.5 million facility charge and incurred debt issuance costs of $ 1.5 million upon closing of the Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement also provides for a final payment, payable upon maturity or the repayment of the obligations in full or in part (on a pro rata basis), equal to 4.95 % of the aggregate principal amount of Term Loans advanced to the Borrower and repaid on such date, which is being accrued on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the amount accrued for the final payment is $ 0.2 million. Unamortized debt issuance costs are recorded as a reduction of the carrying amount on the term loan and amortized as interest expense using the effective-interest method. In addition, unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Company's right to borrow additional amounts from Hercules in the future were recorded in other assets and amortized to interest expense over the relevant draw period on a straight-line basis. As a result of the Amendment, the Company recorded $ 0.1 million of the remaining unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Tranche 1 delayed draw to interest expense as of June 30, 2023. Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $ 1.1 million. The summary of obligations under the term loan as of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands): 11 Table of Contents June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023 Principal loan balance $ 30,337 $ 30,222 Facility charge and diligence fee ( 304 ) ( 315 ) Unamortized issuance costs ( 1,358 ) ( 1,410 ) Accumulated end of term fee 230 151 Long term debt, net $ 28,905 $ 28,648 The annual principal payments due under the Loan Agreement as of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 were as follows: June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023 2024 — — 2025 — — 2026 — — 2027 13,438 13,438 Thereafter 18,701 18,701 Total $ 32,139 $ 32,139 The table of future payments of long-term debt excludes the end of term charge of $ 1.5 million, which is due upon the maturity of the loan 8 Stockholders’ equity Common stock As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated, authorized the Company to issue up to 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share. The Company had reserved for common stock for the exercise of outstanding stock options and the vesting of restricted share units, the number of shares remaining available for grant under the Company’s 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan and the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (see Note 10) and the exercise of the outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock as follows: June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023 Stock options, issued and outstanding 9,067,305 7,454,828 Restricted stock units 2,069,415 1,351,280 Stock options and restricted stock units, future issuance 2,148,050 2,209,597 Employee stock purchase plan, available for future grants 2,738,208 2,076,603 Pre-IPO warrants to purchase common stock 497,344 497,344 Pre-funded warrants 7,561,583 9,484,238 Total shares of common stock reserved for future issuance 24,081,905 23,073,890 Undesignated preferred stock As of June 30, 2023, the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated, authorized the Company to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, par value $ 0.001 per share. There were no undesignated preferred shares issued or outstanding as of June 30, 2023. ATM program 12 Table of Contents On August 11, 2020, the Company and the SVB Leerink LLC (the "Agent") entered into a sales agreement, which was subsequently amended on October 21, 2020 (as amended, the “2020 Sales Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company could sell, from time to time, at its option, up to an aggregate of $ 62.5 million of shares of the Company’s common stock, $ 0.001 par value per share, through the Agent, as the Company’s sales agent. During the three months ended June 30, 2022 the Company settled transactions that occurred pursuant to the 2020 Sales Agreement, whereby the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,686,438 shares of its common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $ 32.0 million, before deducting fees of $ 1.0 million. On June 23, 2022, the 2020 Sales Agreement was terminated by the execution by the Company and the Agent of a new sales agreement (the “2022 Sales Agreement”). Under the 2022 Sales Agreement, the Company may sell, from time to time, at its option, up to an aggregate of $ 93.3 million of shares of the Company’s common stock, $ 0.001 par value per share (the “Shares”), through the Agent, as the Company’s sales agent. Any Shares to be offered and sold under the 2022 Sales Agreement will be issued and sold (i) by methods deemed to be an “at the market offering” (“ATM”) as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or if authorized by the Company, in negotiated transactions or block trades, and (ii) pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 23, 2022 for an offering of up to $ 400.0 million of various securities, including shares of the Company’s common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and/or units for sale to the public in one or more public offerings. Subject to the terms of the 2022 Sales Agreement, the Agent will use reasonable efforts to sell the Shares from time to time, based upon the Company’s instructions (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). The Company will pay the Agent a commission of up to 3.0 % of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Shares. The Company has also agreed to provide the Agent with customary indemnification rights. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company did not issue or sell any shares under the 2022 Sales Agreement. During the year ended March 31, 2023, pursuant to the 2022 Sales Agreement, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 340,000 shares of its common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $ 6.7 million, before deducting fees of $ 0.3 million. The Company cannot provide any assurances that it will issue any additional Shares pursuant to the 2022 Sales Agreement. Equity offerings In November 2019, the Company completed a public offering of (a) 4,516,561 shares of the Company's common stock at a public offering price of $ 13.61 per share, inclusive of the underwriter's partially exercised 30-day option to purchase an additional 838,530 shares of the Company's common stock, and (b) pre-funded warrants to purchase 2,200,000 shares of the Company's common stock at a public offering price of $ 13.6099 per warrant. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $ 85.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company of approximately $ 5.8 million. In June 2020, the Company completed a public offering of (a) 3,478,261 shares of the Company’s common stock, inclusive of the June 2020 Underwriters fully exercised 30-day option to purchase 652,173 shares of the Company's common stock at a public offering price of $ 23.00 per share, and (b) pre-funded warrants to purchase 1,521,738 shares of the Company’s common stock at a public offering price of $ 22.9999 per warrant. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $ 107.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company of approximately $ 7.2 million. In October 2020, the Company completed a public offering of (a) 5,625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, inclusive of the underwriters 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 937,500 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a public offering price of $ 40.00 per share and (b) pre-funded warrants to purchase 1,562,500 shares of the Company’s common stock at a public offering price of $ 39.9999 per warrant. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $ 270.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company of approximately $ 17.5 million. In December 2022, the Company completed a public offering of (a) 6,810,658 shares of the Company’s common stock, inclusive of the underwriters 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,436,172 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a public offering price of $ 23.50 per share and (b) pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a public offering price of $ 23.4999 per warrant. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of 13 Table of Contents approximately $ 242.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company of approximately $ 16.1 million. 9 Pre-funded Warrants The pre-funded warrants described above are exercisable at any time after the date of issuance. Unless otherwise modified by a holder of a pre-funded warrant, no holder may exercise a pre-funded warrant if such holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.99 % of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. A holder of a pre-funded warrant may increase or decrease this percentage up to 19.99 % by providing at least 61 days’ prior notice to the Company. The 7,561,583 shares of the Company's common stock underlying the above described pre-funded warrants, are not included in the number of issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding as reported on the consolidated balance sheet, though they are included in the Company's annual pool increase calculation as well as the weighted average outstanding common stock in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share, as noted below in Note 11. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, a holder of the Company's pre-funded warrants exercised 1,922,655 of its pre-funded warrants and the Company issued 1,922,655 shares of common stock. 10 Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation expense Stock-based compensation expense was classified in the consolidated statements of operations as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Research and development $ 3,298 $ 2,614 Selling, general and administrative 5,548 4,580 $ 8,846 $ 7,194 The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by award type for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022: Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Stock options $ 5,614 $ 5,159 Restricted stock units 3,232 2,035 $ 8,846 $ 7,194 2015 Enterprise Mana gement Incentive Share Option Plan The 2015 Enterprise Management Incentive Share Option Plan of Replimune UK (the “2015 Plan”) provided for Replimune UK to grant incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock awards, stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards. Incentive stock options were granted under the 2015 Plan only to the Company’s employees, including officers and directors who were also employees. Non-statutory stock options were granted under the 2015 Plan to employees, members of the board of directors, outside advisors and consultants of the Company. 14 Table of Contents 2017 Equity Compensation Plan In July 2017, in conjunction with reorganization by Replimune Limited, pursuant to which each shareholder thereof exchanged their outstanding shares in Replimune Limited for shares in Replimune Group, Inc., on a one -for-one basis (the "Reorganization"), the 2015 Plan was terminated, and all awards were cancelled with replacement awards issued under the 2017 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2017 Plan”). Subsequent to the Reorganization, no additional grants have been or will be made under the 2015 Plan and any outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan have continued, and will continue with their original terms. The Company concluded that the cancellation of the 2015 Plan and issuance of replacement awards under the 2017 Plan was a modification with no change in the material rights and preferences and therefore no recorded change in the fair value of each respective award. The Company’s 2017 Plan provides for the Company to grant incentive stock options or non-statutory stock options, stock awards, stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards. Incentive stock options were granted under the 2017 Plan only to the Company’s employees, including officers and directors who were also employees. Restricted stock awards and non-statutory stock options were granted under the 2017 Plan to employees, officers, members of the board of directors, advisors and consultants of the Company. The maximum number of common shares that may be issued under the 2017 Plan was 2,659,885 , of which no ne remained available for future grants as of June 30, 2023. Shares with respect to which awards have expired, terminated, surrendered or cancelled under the 2017 Plan without having been fully exercised will be available for future awards under the 2018 Plan referenced below. In addition, shares of common stock that are tendered to the Company by a participant to exercise an award are added to the number of shares of common stock available for the grant of awards. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan On July 9, 2018, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2018 Plan”), which became effective immediately prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement filed in connection with the Company’s initial public offering. The 2018 Plan provides for the issuance of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock awards, stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards. The number of shares of common stock initially reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan is 3,617,968 shares. If any options or stock appreciation rights, including outstanding options and stock appreciation rights granted under the 2017 Plan (up to 2,520,247 shares), terminate, expire, or are canceled, forfeited, exchanged, or surrendered without having been exercised, or if any stock awards, stock units or other stock-based awards, including outstanding awards granted under the 2017 Plan, are forfeited, terminated, or otherwise not paid in full in shares of common stock, the shares of the Company’s common stock subject to such grants will be available for purposes of the 2018 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan will increase automatically on the first day of each April equal to 4.0 % of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on the last trading day in the immediately preceding fiscal year, which includes for these purposes, the 9,484,238 shares issuable upon exercise of those pre-funded warrants as of March 31, 2023, as described in Note 9 to these consolidated financial statements, or such lesser amount as determined by the Board. On April 1, 2023, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan automatically increased by 2,646,422 shares pursuant to the terms of the 2018 Plan and based on total number of shares of common stock outstanding on March 31, 2023. On April 1, 2022, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan automatically increased by 2,104,915 shares pursuant to the terms of the 2018 Plan. As of June 30, 2023, 2,148,050 shares remained available for future grants under the 2018 Plan. The 2015 Plan, the 2017 Plan and the 2018 Plan are administered by the board of directors or, at the discretion of the board of directors, by a committee of the board of directors. However, the board of directors shall administer and approve all grants made to non-employee directors. The exercise prices, vesting and other restrictions are determined at the discretion of the board of directors, except that the exercise price per share of incentive stock options may not be less than 100 % of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant (or 110 % of fair value in the case of an award granted to employees who hold more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock at the time of grant) and the term of stock options may not be greater than five years for an incentive stock option granted to a 10% stockholder and greater than ten years for all other options granted. Stock options awarded under both plans expire ten years after the grant date, unless the board of directors sets a shorter term. Vesting periods for the plans are determined at the discretion of the board of directors. Incentive stock options granted to employees and non-statutory options granted to employees, officers, members of the board of directors, advisors, and consultants of the Company typically vest over four years . In 2021 the board of directors initiated the award of restricted stock units ("RSUs"), under the 2018 Plan in addition to stock option awards available as part of the Company's equity incentive for employees, officers, advisors and consultants of the Company. The RSUs typically vest over four approximately equal annual installments with the first such installment occurring on a designated vesting date that is approximately on the one year anniversary of the date of grant and the subsequent installments occurring on the subsequent three annual anniversaries of the designated vesting date. 15 Table of Contents Employee Stock Purchase Plan On July 9, 2018, the Company’s board of directors adopted and the Company’s stockholders approved the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which became effective immediately prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement that was filed in connection with the Company’s IPO. The total shares of common stock initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP is 348,612 shares. In addition, as of the first trading day of each fiscal year during the term of the ESPP (excluding any extensions), an additional number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to 1 % of the total number of shares outstanding on the last trading day in the immediately preceding fiscal year, which includes for these purposes, the 7,561,583 shares issuable upon exercise of those pre-funded warrants described in Note 9 to these consolidated financial statements, or 697,224 shares, whichever is less (or such lesser amount as determined by the Company’s board of directors) will be added to the number of shares authorized under the ESPP. In accordance with the terms of the ESPP, on April 1, 2023 and 2022, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP automatically increased by 661,605 and 526,228 shares respectively, for a total of 2,738,208 shares reserved for the ESPP. If the total number of shares of common stock to be purchased pursuant to outstanding purchase rights on any particular date exceed the number of shares then available for issuance under the ESPP, then the plan administrator will allocate the available shares pro-rata and refund any excess payroll deductions or other contributions to participants. The Company’s ESPP is not currently active. Out-of-Plan Inducement Grants In May 2021, the Company granted an equity award to a newly hired executive as a material inducement to enter into employment with the Company. The grant constitutes an "employment inducement grant" in accordance with Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and was issued outside of the 2018 Plan and each of the other stock incentive plans described above. The inducement grant included a nonqualified stock option to purchase up to 125,000 shares of the Company's common stock, as well as a restricted stock unit grant representing 88,333 shares of the Company's common stock. These stock option and restricted stock unit inducement grants have terms and conditions consistent with those set forth under the 2018 Plan and vest under the same respective vesting schedules as stock option and restricted stock unit awards granted under the 2018 Plan. The inducement grant is included in the stock option and RSU award tables below. In December 2022, the Company granted an equity award to a newly hired executive as a material inducement to enter into employment with the Company. The grant constitutes an "employment inducement grant" in accordance with Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and was issued outside of the 2018 Plan and each of the other stock incentive plans described above. The inducement grant included a nonqualified stock option to purchase up to 82,500 shares of the Company's common stock, as well as a restricted stock unit grant representing 55,000 shares of the Company's common stock. These stock option and restricted stock unit inducement grants have terms and conditions consistent with those set forth under the 2018 Plan and vest under the same respective vesting schedules as stock option and restricted stock unit awards granted under the 2018 Plan. The inducement grant is included in the stock option and RSU award tables below. Stock option valuation The fair value of stock option grants is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. As the Company has limited company-specific historical and implied volatility information, the expected stock volatility is based on a combination of Replimune volatility and the historical volatility of a publicly traded set of peer companies. For options with service-based vesting conditions, the expected term of the Company’s stock options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. The expected term of stock options granted to non-employees is equal to the contractual term of the option award. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The following table presents, on a weighted-average basis, the assumptions that the Company used to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors: 16 Table of Contents Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Risk-free interest rate 3.60 % 2.59 % Expected term (in years) 6.0 6.0 Expected volatility 74.1 % 75.6 % Expected dividend yield 0 % 0 % Stock options The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity: Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of March 31, 2023 7,454,828 $ 17.24 6.88 $ 31,244 Granted 1,802,406 $ 17.94 Exercised ( 96,146 ) $ 12.58 Cancelled ( 93,783 ) $ 24.80 Outstanding as of June 30, 2023 9,067,305 $ 17.35 6.94 $ 69,685 Options exercisable as of June 30, 2023 5,254,968 $ 15.03 5.77 $ 52,342 Options vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2023 9,067,305 $ 17.35 6.94 $ 69,685 As of June 30, 2023, there was $ 49.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested common stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years. The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $ 12.09 and $ 12.15 , respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $ 0.5 million. Restricted stock units A summary of the changes in the Company's RSUs during the three months ended June 30, 2023 is as follows: Number of Restricted Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding as of March 31, 2023 1,351,280 24.38 Granted 1,041,856 17.96 Vested ( 281,211 ) 25.36 Cancelled ( 42,510 ) 21.98 Outstanding as of June 30, 2023 2,069,415 21.06 As of June 30, 2023, there was $ 40.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.2 years. 11 Net loss per share Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows: 17 Table of Contents Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Numerator: Net loss $ ( 49,555 ) $ ( 42,253 ) Denominator: Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted 66,367,702 54,211,446 Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ ( 0.75 ) $ ( 0.78 ) The 7,561,583 shares of the Company's common stock issuable upon exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants described in Note 9 to these consolidated financial statements are included as outstanding common stock in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include stock options and warrants to purchase shares of common stock that resulted from the conversion of warrants to purchase shares of series seed preferred stock existing before the Company's IPO, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect: Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Options to purchase common stock 9,067,305 7,511,559 Unvested restricted stock units 2,069,415 1,256,123 Warrants to purchase common stock 497,344 497,344 11,634,064 9,265,026 12 Significant agreements Agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company In February 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (“BMS”). Pursuant to the agreement, BMS will provide to the Company, at no cost, a compound for use in the Company’s ongoing clinical trial of RP1. Under the agreement, the Company will sponsor, fund and conduct the clinical trial in accordance with an agreed-upon protocol. BMS granted the Company a non-exclusive, non-transferrable, royalty-free license (with a right to sublicense) under its intellectual property to its compound in the clinical trial and agreed to supply its compound, at no cost to the Company, for use in the clinical trial. In January 2020, this agreement was expanded to cover an additional cohort of 125 patients with anti-PD-1 failed melanoma. Unless earlier terminated, the agreement will remain in effect until (i) the completion of the clinical trial, (ii) all related clinical trial data have been delivered to both parties and (iii) the completion of any statistical analyses and bioanalyses contemplated by the clinical trial protocol or any analysis otherwise agreed upon by the parties. The agreement may be terminated by either party (x) in the event of an uncured material breach by the other party, (y) in the event the other party is insolvent or in bankruptcy proceedings or (z) for safety reasons. Upon termination, the licenses granted to the Company to use BMS’s compound in the clinical trial will terminate. In April 2019, the Company entered into a separate agreement with BMS on terms similar to the terms set forth in the agreement described above, pursuant to which BMS will provide to the Company, at no cost, nivolumab for use in the Company’s Phase 1 clinical trial of RP2 in combination with nivolumab. Agreement with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc . 18 Table of Contents In May 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Regeneron”). The Company and Regeneron are each independently developing compounds for the treatment of certain tumor types. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company agreed to undertake one or more clinical trials with Regeneron for the administration of our product candidates in combination with cemiplimab, an anti-PD-1 therapy developed by Regeneron, across multiple solid tumor types. The first of which, agreed in June 2018, is our ongoing Phase 2 clinical tiral testing RP1 in combination with cemiplimab versus cemiplimab alone in patients with CSCC. Each clinical trial will be conducted pursuant to an agreed study plan which, among other things, will identify the name of the sponsor and which party will manage the particular study, and include the protocol, the budget and a schedule of clinical obligations. The first study plan related to Phase 2 clinical trial in CSCC has been agreed. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, each party granted the other party a non-exclusive license under its respective intellectual property and agreed to contribute the necessary resources needed to fulfill its respective obligations, in each case, under the terms of the agreed-upon or to-be agreed upon study plans. Development costs of a particular clinical trial will be split equally. The agreement contains representations, warranties, undertakings and indemnities customary for a transaction of this nature. The agreement also contains certain time-based covenants that restrict us from entering into a third-party arrangement with respect to the use of our product candidates in combination with an anti-PD-1 therapy and that restrict Regeneron from entering into a third-party arrangement with respect to the use of cemiplimab in combination with an HSV-1 virus, in each case, for the treatment of a tumor type that is the subject of a clinical trial to which the covenants apply. Unless otherwise mutually agreed in a future study plan, these covenants are only applicable to our ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial in CSCC. The agreement may be terminated by either party if (i) there is no active study plan for which a final study report has not been completed and the parties have not entered into a study plan for an additional clinical trial within a period of time after the delivery of the most recent final study report or (ii) in the event of a material breach. The agreement with Regeneron is accounted for under ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”), as both parties are active participants and each party pays its own compound costs and shares equally in development costs in accordance with and up to the amount in the agreed upon first study plan. The Company will account for costs incurred as part of the study, including costs to supply compounds for use in the study, as research and development expenses within the consolidated statement of operations. The Company will recognize any amounts received from Regeneron in connection with this agreement as an offset to research and development expense within the consolidated statement of operations. In July 2022, Regeneron informed the Company that the costs of the study have reached the initial budget for the initial study plan of June 2018 and that Regeneron's reimbursement of CERPASS study costs to the Company have completed in the period ending June 30, 2022 in relation to the initial study budget. As a result of this notice from, and the ongoing communications with, Regeneron, we have not recorded any cost-sharing reimbursements from Regeneron in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheet or as an offset to research and development expense within the consolidated statement of operations since Regeneron informed us that Regeneron’s reimbursement of CERPASS study costs have completed. The Company does not expect any further reimbursements from Regeneron related to the initial study plan of June 2018. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not make any payments to Regeneron under the terms of the agreement. The Company did not record any costs as an offset to research and development expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company received payments under the terms of the agreement from Regeneron of $ 0.0 million and $ 2.0 million, respectively. No receivables from Regeneron were booked in connection with this agreement as of June 30, 2023 or March 31, 2023. 13 Commitments and contingencies Leases The table below presents the lease-related costs which are included in the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022: 19 Table of Contents Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Lease cost Finance lease costs: Amortization of right-to-use asset $ 607 $ 607 Interest on lease liabilities 544 552 Operating lease costs 280 259 Total lease cost $ 1,431 $ 1,418 The following table summarizes the classification of lease costs in the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Finance Lease Costs Research and development $ 607 $ 518 Selling, general and administrative — 89 Other income (expense) 544 552 Operating Lease Costs Research and development 229 110 Selling, general and administrative 51 149 Total lease cost $ 1,431 $ 1,418 The following table summarizes the maturity of the Company's lease liabilities on an undiscounted cash flow basis and a reconciliation to the operating and financing lease liabilities recognized on its balance sheet as of June 30, 2023: June 30, 2023 Operating leases Financing lease Total 2024 (remaining nine months) $ 848 $ 1,990 $ 2,838 2025 1,170 2,718 3,888 2026 1,179 2,799 3,978 2027 1,144 2,883 4,027 2028 1,093 2,969 4,062 Thereafter 1,943 35,054 36,997 Total lease payments 7,377 48,413 55,790 Less: interest 1,943 21,913 23,856 Total lease liabilities $ 5,434 $ 26,500 $ 31,934 The following table provides lease disclosure as of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023: 20 Table of Contents June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023 Leases Right-to-use operating lease asset $ 5,137 $ 5,208 Right-to-use finance lease asset 39,058 39,665 Total lease assets $ 44,195 $ 44,873 Operating lease liabilities, current $ 1,139 $ 1,118 Finance lease liabilities, current 2,658 2,639 Operating lease liabilities, non-current 4,295 4,389 Finance lease liabilities, non-current 23,842 23,965 Total lease liabilities $ 31,934 $ 32,111 The following table provides lease disclosure for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022: Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Other information Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 263 $ 261 Operating cash flows from finance leases $ 544 $ 552 Financing cash flows from finance leases $ 104 $ 77 Right-to-use asset obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ — $ — Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases 6.3 years 7.6 years Weighted-average remaining lease term - financing leases 16.1 years 17.3 years Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases 10.3 % 10.0 % Weighted-average discount rate - financing leases 8.3 % 8.3 % The variable lease costs and short-term lease costs were insignificant for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Manufacturing commitments The Company has entered into an agreement with a contract manufacturing organization to provide clinical trial products. As of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the Company had committed to minimum payments under these arrangements totaling $ 0.9 million and $ 1.0 million, respectively. Indemnification agreements In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with members of its executive management team and its board of directors that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is, in many cases, unlimited. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications. The Company is not aware of any claims under indemnification arrangements, and therefore it has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2023 or March 31, 2023. Legal proceedings The Company is not a party to any litigation and does not have contingency reserves established for any litigation liabilities. 21 Table of Contents 14 Income taxes During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded no income tax benefits for the net operating losses incurred in the United Kingdom in each period due to its uncertainty of realizing a benefit from those items. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded a tax expense of $ 0.2 million primarily related to the Company’s interest income in the United States, partially offset by discrete share-based compensation items. The Company’s tax provision and the resulting effective tax rate for interim periods is determined based upon its estimated annual effective tax rate (“AETR”), adjusted for the effect of discrete items arising in that quarter. The impact of such inclusions could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings or losses versus annual projections. In each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made in that quarter. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company excluded the United Kingdom from the calculation of the AETR as the Company anticipates an ordinary loss in this jurisdiction for which no tax benefit can be recognized. The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon its ability to realize its deferred tax assets both in the United States and United Kingdom, which primarily consist of net operating loss carryforwards. The Company has considered its history of cumulative net losses, estimated future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies and has concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of its deferred tax assets. As a result, as of June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets. 15 Geographic information The Company operates in two geographic regions: the United States (Massachusetts) and the United Kingdom (Oxfordshire). Information about the Company’s long-lived assets held in different geographic regions is presented in the tables below: June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023 United States $ 5,835 $ 5,836 United Kingdom 1,781 1,643 $ 7,616 $ 7,479 22 Table of Contents