Risk Factors.
−Removed: The risk factor set forth below updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors previously disclosed in the section entitled "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025.
−Removed: Risks Related to Research and Development and the Biopharmaceutical Industry
−Removed: Risks Related to Preclinical and Clinical Development
−Removed: A Breakthrough Therapy designation from the FDA, even if granted for any of our product candidates, may not lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process, and does not increase the likelihood that our product candidates will receive FDA approval.
−Removed: We have obtained Breakthrough Therapy designation from the FDA for relutrigine for treatment of seizures associated with SCN2A and SCN8A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, and we may seek additional Breakthrough Therapy designations for our product candidates where we believe the clinical data support such designation.
−Removed: A “Breakthrough Therapy” is defined as a drug or biologic that is intended, alone or in combination with one or more other drugs or biologics, to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition, where preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug or biologic may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints, such as substantial treatment effects observed early in clinical development.
−Removed: For product candidates that have been designated as Breakthrough Therapies, increased interaction and communication between the FDA and the product candidate sponsor can help to identify the most efficient path for clinical development while minimizing the number of patients placed in ineffective control regimens.
−Removed: Drugs and biologics designated as Breakthrough Therapies also receive the same benefits associated with Fast Track designation, including eligibility for rolling review of a submitted NDA, if the relevant criteria are met.
−Removed: Designation as a Breakthrough Therapy is within the discretion of the FDA.
−Removed: Accordingly, even if we believe one of our product candidates meets the criteria for designation as a Breakthrough Therapy, the FDA may disagree and instead determine not to make such designation.
−Removed: In any event, the receipt of a Breakthrough Therapy Designation for a product candidate may not result in a faster development process or review and does not assure ultimate approval by the FDA.
−Removed: In addition, even if one or more of our product candidates qualify as Breakthrough Therapies, the FDA may later decide that the product candidate no longer meets the conditions for qualification and rescind the designation.
+Added: There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the section entitled "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025 and in the section entitled "Risk Factors" of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 filed with the SEC on August 4, 2025.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities
−Removed: We did not make any sales of unregistered securities during the three months ended June 30, 2025.
+Added: We did not make any sales of unregistered securities during the three months ended September 30, 2025.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
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Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.