OPEN TEXT CORP 10-K

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations This Annual Report on Form 10-K , including this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A), contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securitie s Act ), and is subject to the safe harbors created by those sections. All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. When used in this report, the words “anticipates”, “expects”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “seeks”, “estimates”, “may”, “could”, “would”, "might", "will" and other similar language, as they relate to Open Text Corporation (“OpenText” or the “Company”), are intended to identify forward-looking statements under applicable securities laws. Specific forward-looking statements in this report include, but are not limited to: (i) statements about our focus in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2020 and ending June 30, 2021 (Fiscal 2021) on growth in earnings and cash flows; (ii) creating value through investments in broader Information Management capabilities; (iii) our future business plans and business planning process; (iv) statements relating to 36 business trends; (v) statements relating to distribution; (vi) the Company’s presence in the cloud and in growth markets; (vii) product and solution developments, enhancements and releases and the timing thereof; (viii) the Company’s financial conditions, results of operations and earnings; (ix) the basis for any future growth and for our financial performance; (x) declaration of quarterly dividends; (xi) future tax rates; (xii) the changing regulatory environment; (xiii) annual recurring revenues; (xiv) research and development and related expenditures; (xv) our building, development and consolidation of our network infrastructure; (xvi) competition and changes in the competitive landscape; (xvii) our management and protection of intellectual property and other proprietary rights; (xviii) existing and foreign sales and exchange rate fluctuations; (xix) cyclical or seasonal aspects of our business; (xx) capital expenditures; (xxi) potential legal and/or regulatory proceedings; (xxii) statements about acquisitions and their expected impact; and (xxiii) other matters. In addition, any statements or information that refer to expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, performance or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking, and based on our current expectations, forecasts and projections about the operating environment, economies and markets in which we operate. Forward-looking statements reflect our current estimates, beliefs and assumptions, which are based on management’s perception of historic trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. The forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on certain assumptions including the following: (i) countries continuing to implement and enforce existing and additional customs and security regulations relating to the provision of electronic information for imports and exports; (ii) our continued operation of a secure and reliable business network; (iii) the stability of general economic and market conditions, currency exchange rates, and interest rates; (iv) equity and debt markets continuing to provide us with access to capital; (v) our continued ability to identify, source and finance attractive and executable business combination opportunities; and (vi) our continued compliance with third party intellectual property rights. Management’s estimates, beliefs and assumptions are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive and other uncertainties and contingencies regarding future events and, as such, are subject to change. We can give no assurance that such estimates, beliefs and assumptions will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the anticipated results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties that may affect forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) actual and potential risks and uncertainties relating to the ultimate geographic spread of COVID-19, the severity of the disease and the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and issues relating to its resurgence, including potential material adverse effects on our business, operations and financial performance; (ii) actions that may be taken by governmental authorities to contain the COVID-19 pandemic or to treat its impact on our business; (iii) the actual and potential negative impacts of COVID-19 on the global economy and financial markets; and (iv) the actual and potential risk and uncertainties relating to the implementation of our COVID-19 Restructuring Plan, including the possibility that the actual cash or non-cash cost of restructuring might exceed the estimated amounts; (v) integration of acquisitions and related restructuring efforts, including the quantum of restructuring charges and the timing thereof; (vi) the potential for the incurrence of or assumption of debt in connection with acquisitions and the impact on the ratings or outlooks of rating agencies on our outstanding debt securities; (vii) the possibility that the Company may be unable to meet its future reporting requirements under the Exchange Act, and the rules promulgated thereunder, or applicable Canadian securities regulation; (viii) the risks associated with bringing new products and services to market; (ix) fluctuations in currency exchange rates (including as a result of the impact of Brexit and any policy changes resulting from trade and tariff disputes); (x) delays in the purchasing decisions of the Company’s customers; (xi) competition the Company faces in its industry and/or marketplace; (xii) the final determination of litigation, tax audits (including tax examinations in the United States, Canada or elsewhere) and other legal proceedings; (xii) potential exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities or expenses, including with respect to changes in Canadian, U.S. or international tax regimes; (xiv) the possibility of technical, logistical or planning issues in connection with the deployment of the Company’s products or services; (xv) the continuous commitment of the Company’s customers; (xvi) demand for the Company’s products and services; (xvii) increase in exposure to international business risks (including as a result of the impact of Brexit and any policy changes resulting from the transition from the North American Free Trade Agreement to the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement) as we continue to increase our international operations; (xviii) inability to raise capital at all or on not unfavorable terms in the future; (xix) downward pressure on our share price and dilutive effect of future sales or issuances of equity securities (including in connection with future acquisitions); and (xx) potential changes in ratings or outlooks of rating agencies on our outstanding debt securities. Other factors that may affect forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) the future performance, financial and otherwise, of the Company; (ii) the ability of the Company to bring new products and services to market and to increase sales; (iii) the strength of the Company’s product development pipeline; (iv) failure to secure and protect patents, trademarks and other proprietary rights; (v) infringement of third-party proprietary rights triggering indemnification obligations and resulting in significant expenses or restrictions on our ability to provide our products or services; (vi) failure to comply with privacy laws and regulations that are extensive, open to various interpretations and complex to implement including General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Country by Country Reporting; (vii) the Company’s growth and other profitability prospects; (viii) the estimated size and growth prospects of the Information Management market; (ix) the Company’s competitive position in the Information Management market and its ability to take advantage of future opportunities in this market; (x) the benefits of the Company’s products and services to 37 be realized by customers; (xi) the demand for the Company’s products and services and the extent of deployment of the Company’s products and services in the Information Management marketplace; (xii) the Company’s financial condition and capital requirements; (xiii) system or network failures or information security breaches in connection with the Company's offerings and information technology systems generally; and (xiv) failure to attract and retain key personnel to develop and effectively manage the Company's business. Readers should carefully review Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" and other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and other securities regulators. A number of factors may materially affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. These factors include but are not limited to those set forth in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any one of these factors, and other factors that we are unaware of, or currently deem immaterial, may cause our actual results to differ materially from recent results or from our anticipated future results. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The following MD&A is intended to help readers understand our results of operations and financial condition, and is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. All dollar and percentage comparisons made herein refer to the year ended June 30, 2020 (Fiscal 2020) compared with the year ended June 30, 2019 (Fiscal 2019), unless otherwise noted. Please refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for Fiscal 2019 for a comparative discussion of our Fiscal 2019 financial results as compared to Fiscal 2018. Where we say “we”, “us”, “our”, “OpenText” or “the Company”, we mean Open Text Corporation or Open Text Corporation and its subsidiaries, as applicable. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW OpenText is an Information Management company that provides software and services to maximize the strategic benefits of data and content for increased productivity, growth and competitive advantage. With a focus on Information Management technologies and services, we continue to innovate and provide customers with the capabilities they need to build resilient businesses and become tomorrow's disruptors. We provide our customers with choice and flexibility in their path to digital transformation with solutions that can be run on-premise, cloud, hybrid, or as a managed service. We also accelerate and simplify our customers’ path to information modernization with intelligent tools and services for moving off paper, automating classification, and building clean data lakes for artificial intelligence (AI), analytics and automation. We are fundamentally integrated into the parts of our customers' businesses that matter so they can securely manage the complexity of information flow end to end. Furthermore, with automation and AI, we connect, synthesize and deliver information where it is needed to drive new efficiencies, experiences and insights. We make information more valuable by connecting it to digital business processes, enriching it with capture and analytics, protecting and securing it throughout its entire lifecycle, and leveraging it to captivate customers. Our solutions also connect large digital supply chains in manufacturing, retail and financial services. Our solutions enable organizations and consumers to secure their information so that they can collaborate with confidence, stay ahead of the regulatory technology curve, identify threats on any endpoint or across their networks, leverage eDiscovery and digital forensics to defensibly investigate and collect evidence, and ensure business continuity in the event of a security incident. Our initial public offering was on the NASDAQ in 1996 and we were subsequently listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) in 1998. We are a multinational company and as of June 30, 2020 , employed approximately 14,400 people worldwide. Our ticker symbol on both the NASDAQ and the TSX is "OTEX". Fiscal 2020 Summary: During Fiscal 2020 we saw the following activity: • Total revenue was $3,109.7 million , up 8.4% compared to the prior fiscal year; up 9.7% after factoring in the impact of $37.1 million of foreign exchange rate changes. 38 • Total annual recurring revenue, which we define as the sum of cloud services and subscriptions revenue and customer support revenue, was $2,433.3 million , up 12.9% compared to the prior fiscal year; up 14.1% after factoring in the impact of $26.3 million of foreign exchange rate changes. • Cloud services and subscriptions revenue was $1,157.7 million , up 27.5% compared to the prior fiscal year; up 28.4% after factoring in the impact of $8.1 million of foreign exchange rate changes. • License revenue was $402.9 million , down 5.9% compared to the prior fiscal year; down 4.5% after factoring in the impact of $5.9 million of foreign exchange rate changes. • GAAP-based EPS, diluted, was $0.86 compared to $1.06 in the prior fiscal year. • Non-GAAP-based EPS, diluted, was $2.89 compared to $2.76 in the prior fiscal year. • GAAP-based gross margin was 67.7% compared to 67.6% in the prior fiscal year. • Non-GAAP-based gross margin was 74.5% compared to 74.1% in the prior fiscal year. • GAAP-based net income attributable to OpenText was $234.2 million compared to $285.5 million in the prior fiscal year. • Non-GAAP-based net income attributable to OpenText was $784.5 million compared to $744.7 million in the prior fiscal year. • Adjusted EBITDA was $1,148.1 million compared to $1,100.3 million in the prior fiscal year. • Operating cash flow was $954.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 , up 8.9% from the prior fiscal year. • Cash and cash equivalents were $1,692.9 million as of June 30, 2020 , compared to $941.0 million as of June 30, 2019 . As of June 30, 2020 , our cash and cash equivalents and the current portion of our long-term debt include a $600 million draw down on the Revolver, defined below, in order to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of current uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. • Issued $900 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.875% Senior Notes due 2028 and $900 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.125% Senior Notes due 2030. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for definitions and reconciliations of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures. Acquisitions Our competitive position in the marketplace requires us to maintain an evolving array of technologies, products, services and capabilities. As a result of the continually evolving marketplace in which we operate, we regularly evaluate acquisition opportunities within our market and at any time may be in various stages of discussions with respect to such opportunities. Acquisition of XMedius On March 9, 2020 , we acquired all the equity interest in XMedius for $73.3 million in an all cash transaction. XMedius is a provider of secure information exchange and unified communication solutions. We believe the acquisition complements our Customer Experience Management (CEM) and Business Network (BN) platforms. The results of operations of XMedius have been consolidated with those of OpenText beginning March 9, 2020 . Acquisition of Carbonite On December 24, 2019 , we acquired all the equity interest in Carbonite, a leading provider of cloud-based subscription backup, disaster recovery and endpoint security to SMBs, consumers, and a wide variety of partners. Total consideration for Carbonite was $1.4 billion , paid in cash (inclusive of cash acquired). We believe the acquisition increases our position in the data protection and endpoint security space, further strengthens our cloud capabilities and opens a new route to connect with customers through Carbonite's marquee SMB and consumer channels and products. The results of operations of Carbonite have been consolidated with those of OpenText beginning December 24, 2019 . Acquisition of Dynamic Solutions Group Inc. (The Fax Guys) On December 2, 2019 , we acquired certain assets and certain liabilities of The Fax Guys, for $5.1 million , of which $1.0 million is currently held back and unpaid in accordance with the terms of the purchase agreement. The results of operations of The Fax Guys have been consolidated with those of OpenText beginning December 2, 2019 . We believe our acquisitions support our long-term strategic direction, strengthen our competitive position, expand our customer base, provide greater scale to accelerate innovation, grow our earnings and provide superior shareholder value. We expect to continue to strategically acquire companies, products, services and technologies to augment our existing business. Our acquisitions, particularly significant ones, can affect the period-to-period comparability of our results. See note 19 "Acquisitions" to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more details. 39 Outlook for Fiscal 2021 As an organization, we are committed to Total Growth, meaning we strive towards delivering value through organic initiatives, innovations and acquisitions, as well as financial performance. With an emphasis on increasing recurring revenues and expanding our margins, we believe our Total Growth strategy will ultimately drive overall cash flow generation, thus helping to fuel our disciplined capital allocation approach and further our ability to deepen our account coverage and identify and execute strategic acquisitions. With strategic acquisitions, we are better positioned to expand our product portfolio and improve our ability to innovate and grow organically, which helps us to meet our long-term growth targets. We believe this “Total Growth” strategy is a durable model that will create shareholder value over both the near and long-term. We are committed to continuous innovation. Our investments in research and development (R&D) push product innovation, increasing the value of our offerings to our installed customer base, which includes Global 10,000 companies (G10K), SMBs and consumers. The G10K are the world's largest companies, typically those with greater than two billion in revenues, as well as the world's largest governments and organizations. More valuable products, coupled with our established global partner program, lead to greater distribution and cross-selling opportunities which further help us to achieve organic growth. Over the last three fiscal years, we have invested a cumulative total of $1.0 billion in R&D or 11.5% of cumulative revenue for that three year period. We typically target to spend approximately 11% to 13% of revenues for R&D each fiscal year. The cloud has become a business imperative. What used to be discussed as a potential option for managing budgets, is now a strategic direction that drives competitive positioning, product innovation, business agility, and cost management. We are committed to continue our investment in the OpenText Cloud, which is a purpose-built cloud environment for solutions spanning Information Management, Compliance, Cyber Resilience and B2B Integration. Supported by a global, scalable, and secure infrastructure, the OpenText Cloud includes a foundational platform of technology services, and packaged business applications for industry and business processes. The OpenText Cloud enables organizations to protect and manage information in public, private or hybrid deployments. In March 2020, COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The spread of COVID-19 has significantly impacted the global economy and has adversely impacted and is expected to further adversely impact our operational and financial performance. The extent of the adverse impact of the pandemic on the global economy and markets will continue to depend, in part, on the length and severity of the measures taken to limit the spread of the virus and, in part, on the size and effectiveness of the compensating measures taken by governments and on actual and potential resurgences. We are closely monitoring the potential effects and impact on our operations, businesses and financial performance, including liquidity and capital usage, though the extent is difficult to fully predict at this time due to the rapid evolution of this uncertain situation. We are conducting business with substantial modifications to employee travel and work locations and also virtualization or cancellations of all sales and marketing events, which we expect to remain in place throughout Fiscal 2021, along with substantially modified interactions with customers and suppliers, among other modifications. In March 2020, we also drew down $600 million from the Revolver, defined below, as a preemptive measure in order to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of current uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. We will continue to actively monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business and geographies, including customer purchasing decisions, and may take further actions that alter our business operations as may be required by governments, or that we determine are in the best interest of our employees, customers, partners, suppliers, and shareholders. It is uncertain and difficult to predict what the potential effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business including the effects on our customers and prospects, or our financial results and our ability to successfully execute our business strategies and initiatives. As a precaution, we have temporarily and significantly reduced all hiring and discretionary spending, while taking note of some savings to be achieved through travel restrictions and the cancellation of certain events. In addition, in order to further mitigate the operational impacts of COVID-19, our Compensation Committee and Board approved the following measures effective for the period May 15, 2020 through June 30, 2021, subject to review and modification as the situation warrants. Please also see "Special Fiscal 2020 Performance Bonus" in Part III, Item 11, elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. • 15% base salary reduction and forbearance of any annual variable cash compensation effective May 15, 2020 for the remainder of Fiscal 2020 and for all of Fiscal 2021, totaling an approximate 60% reduction in targeted cash compensation, for our CEO & CTO; • 15% base salary reduction and 15% reduction in target annual variable cash compensation for our other Named Executive Officers and members of the executive leadership team (ELT); • 10% base salary reduction and 10% reduction in target annual variable cash compensation, as applicable, for Vice-President- director-, and manager-level employees; 40 • 5% base salary reduction for all other employees subject to exception for certain of our employees, such as our employees in Asia who are earning less than the equivalent of $20,000 per year; • 15% reduction in cash retainer compensation fees payable to the Board of Directors; and • Suspension of employer paid contributions to retirement benefits in the United States and Canada for the remainder of Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2021. These cost reduction measures are in addition to other previously disclosed facilities and workforce related actions as part of our COVID-19 Restructuring Plan. Please see note 18 "Special Charges" to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information. The ongoing and ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and financial performance depends on many factors that are not within our control. For more information, please see Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" included elsewhere within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable at that time. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates. Note 2 "Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements" to the Consolidated Financial Statements contains a summary of the policies that involve assumptions, judgments and estimates and have the greatest impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. The policies listed below are areas that may contain key components of our results of operations and are based on complex rules requiring us to make judgments and estimates and consequently, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Some of these accounting policies involve complex situations and require a higher degree of judgment, either in the application and interpretation of existing accounting literature or in the development of estimates that affect our financial statements. The critical accounting policies which we believe are the most important to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following: (i) Revenue recognition, (ii) Goodwill, (iii) Acquired intangibles, and (iv) Income taxes. For a full discussion of all our accounting policies, please see note 2 "Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements" to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We will continue to monitor the potential impact of COVID-19 on our financial statements and related disclosures, including the need for additional estimates going forward, which could include costs related to items such as special charges, restructurings, asset impairments and other non-recurring costs. As of June 30, 2020, we have recorded certain estimates resulting from the pandemic, particularly with respect to the COVID-19 Restructuring Plan and allowance for doubtful accounts, based on management's estimates and assumptions utilizing the most currently available information in our Consolidated Financial Statements . Such estimates may be subject to change particularly given the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. Please also see "Risk Factors" included within Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Revenue recognition In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606), we account for a customer contract when we obtain written approval, the contract is committed, the rights of the parties, including the payment terms, are identified, the contract has commercial substance and consideration is probable of collection. Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of a promised product or service is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for our products and services (at its transaction price). Estimates of variable consideration and the determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based on readily available information, which may include historical, current and forecasted information, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and specific facts and circumstances of each arrangement. We report revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue producing transactions. We have four revenue streams: license, cloud services and subscriptions, customer support, and professional service and other. 41 License revenue Our license revenue can be broadly categorized as perpetual licenses, term licenses and subscription licenses, all of which are deployed on the customer’s premise (on-premise). Perpetual licenses: We sell perpetual licenses which provide customers the right to use software for an indefinite period of time in exchange for a one-time license fee, which is generally paid at contract inception. Our perpetual licenses provide a right to use intellectual property (IP) that is functional in nature and have significant stand-alone functionality. Accordingly, for perpetual licenses of functional IP, revenue is recognized at the point-in-time when control has been transferred to the customer, which normally occurs once software activation keys have been made available for download. Term licenses and Subscription licenses: We sell both term and subscription licenses which provide customers the right to use software for a specified period in exchange for a fee, which may be paid at contract inception or paid in installments over the period of the contract. Like perpetual licenses, both our term licenses and subscription licenses are functional IP that have significant stand-alone functionality. Accordingly, for both term and subscription licenses, revenue is recognized at the point-in-time when the customer is able to use and benefit from the software, which is normally once software activation keys have been made available for download at the commencement of the term. Cloud services and subscriptions revenue Cloud services and subscriptions revenue are from hosting arrangements where, in connection with the licensing of software, the end user does not take possession of the software, as well as from end-to-end fully outsourced business-to-business (B2B) integration solutions to our customers (collectively referred to as cloud arrangements). The software application resides on our hardware or that of a third party, and the customer accesses and uses the software on an as-needed basis. Our cloud arrangements can be broadly categorized as "platform as a service" (PaaS), "software as a service" (SaaS), cloud subscriptions and managed services. PaaS/ SaaS/ Cloud Subscriptions (collectively referred to here as cloud-based solutions): We offer cloud-based solutions that provide customers the right to access our software through the internet. Our cloud-based solutions represent a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. These services are made available to the customer continuously throughout the contractual period. However, the extent to which the customer uses the services may vary at the customer’s discretion. The payment for cloud-based solutions may be received either at inception of the arrangement, or over the term of the arrangement. These cloud-based solutions are considered to have a single performance obligation where the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit, and as such we recognize revenue for these cloud-based solutions ratably over the term of the contractual agreement. For example, revenue related to cloud-based solutions that are provided on a usage basis, such as the number of users, is recognized based on a customer’s utilization of the services in a given period. Additionally, a software license is present in a cloud-based solutions arrangement if all of the following criteria are met: (i) The customer has the contractual right to take possession of the software at any time without significant penalty; and (ii) It is feasible for the customer to host the software independent of us. In these cases where a software license is present in a cloud-based solutions arrangement it is assessed to determine if it is distinct from the cloud-based solutions arrangement. The revenue allocated to the distinct software license would be recognized at the point in time the software license is transferred to the customer, whereas the revenue allocated to the hosting performance obligation would be recognized ratably on a monthly basis over the contractual term unless evidence suggests that revenue is earned, or obligations are fulfilled in a different pattern over the contractual term of the arrangement. Managed services: We provide comprehensive B2B process outsourcing services for all day-to-day operations of a customers’ B2B integration program. Customers using these managed services are not permitted to take possession of our software and the contract is for a defined period, where customers pay a monthly or quarterly fee. Our performance obligation is satisfied as we provide services of operating and managing a customer's electronic data interchange (EDI) environment. Revenue relating to these services is recognized using an output method based on the expected level of service we will provide over the term of the contract. In connection with cloud subscription and managed service contracts, we often agree to perform a variety of services before the customer goes live, such as, converting and migrating customer data, building interfaces and providing 42 training. These services are considered an outsourced suite of professional services which can involve certain project-based activities. These services can be provided at the initiation of a contract, during the implementation or on an ongoing basis as part of the customer life cycle. These services can be charged separately on a fixed fee, a time and materials basis, or the costs associated may be recovered as part of the ongoing cloud subscription or managed services fee. These outsourced professional services are considered distinct from the ongoing hosting services and represent a separate performance obligation within our cloud subscription or managed services arrangements. The obligation to provide outsourced professional services is satisfied over time, with the customer simultaneously receiving and consuming the benefits as we satisfy our performance obligations. For outsourced professional services, we recognize revenue by measuring progress toward the satisfaction of our performance obligation. Progress for services that are contracted for a fixed price is generally measured based on hours incurred as a portion of total estimated hours. As a practical expedient, when we invoice a customer at an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance to date, we recognize revenue at that amount. Customer support revenue Customer support revenue is associated with perpetual, term license and on-premise subscription arrangements. As customer support is not critical to the customers' ability to derive benefit from their right to use our software, customer support is considered a distinct performance obligation when sold together in a bundled arrangement along with the software. Customer support consists primarily of technical support and the provision of unspecified updates and upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis. Customer support for perpetual licenses is renewable, generally on an annual basis, at the option of the customer. Customer support for term and subscription licenses is renewable concurrently with such licenses for the same duration of time. Payments for customer support are generally made at the inception of the contract term or in installments over the term of the maintenance period. Our customer support team is ready to provide these maintenance services, as needed, to the customer during the contract term. As the elements of customer support are delivered concurrently and have the same pattern of transfer, customer support is accounted for as a single performance obligation. The customer benefits evenly throughout the contract period from the guarantee that the customer support resources and personnel will be available to them, and that any unspecified upgrades or unspecified future products developed by us will be made available. Revenue for customer support is recognized ratably over the contract period based on the start and end dates of the maintenance term, in line with how we believe services are provided. Professional service and other revenue Our professional services, when offered along with software licenses, consist primarily of technical and training services. Technical services may include installation, customization, implementation or consulting services. Training services may include access to online modules or the delivery of a training package customized to the customer’s needs. At the customer’s discretion, we may offer one, all, or a mix of these services. Payment for professional services is generally a fixed fee or a fee based on time and materials. Professional services can be arranged in the same contract as the software license or in a separate contract. As our professional services do not significantly change the functionality of the license and our customers can benefit from our professional services on their own or together with other readily available resources, we consider professional services distinct within the context of the contract. Professional service revenue is recognized over time as long as: (i) the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as we perform them, (ii) our performance creates or enhances an asset the customer controls as we perform, and (iii) our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and we have the enforceable right to payment. If all the above criteria are met, we use an input-based measure of progress for recognizing professional service revenue. For example, we may consider total labor hours incurred compared to total expected labor hours. As a practical expedient, when we invoice a customer at an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance to date, we will recognize revenue at that amount. 43 Material rights To the extent that we grant our customer an option to acquire additional products or services in one of our arrangements, we will account for the option as a distinct performance obligation in the contract only if the option provides a material right to the customer that the customer would not receive without entering into the contract. For example, if we give the customer an option to acquire additional goods or services in the future at a price that is significantly lower than the current price, this would be a material right as it allows the customer to, in effect, pay in advance for the option to purchase future products or services. If a material right exists in one of our contracts, then revenue allocated to the option is deferred and we would recognize that deferred revenue only when those future products or services are transferred or when the option expires. Based on history, our contracts do not typically contain material rights and when they do, the material right is not significant to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Arrangements with multiple performance obligations Our contracts generally contain more than one of the products and services listed above. Determining whether goods and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as a single performance obligation may require judgment, specifically when assessing whether both of the following two criteria are met: • the customer can benefit from the product or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer; and • our promise to transfer the product or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. If these criteria are not met, we determine an appropriate measure of progress based on the nature of our overall promise for the single performance obligation. If these criteria are met, each product or service is separately accounted for as a distinct performance obligation and the total transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price (SSP) basis. Standalone selling price The SSP reflects the price we would charge for a specific product or service if it were sold separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. In most cases we are able to establish the SSP based on observable data. We typically establish a narrow SSP range for our products and services and assess this range on a periodic basis or when material changes in facts and circumstances warrant a review. If the SSP is not directly observable, then we estimate the amount using either the expected cost plus a margin or residual approach. Estimating SSP requires judgment that could impact the amount and timing of revenue recognized. SSP is a formal process whereby management considers multiple factors including, but not limited to, geographic or region specific factors, competitive positioning, internal costs, profit objectives, and pricing practices. Transaction Price Allocation In bundled arrangements, where we have more than one distinct performance obligation, we must allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative SSP. However, in certain bundled arrangements, the SSP may not always be directly observable. For instance, in bundled arrangements with license and customer support, we allocate the transaction price between the license and customer support performance obligations using the residual approach because we have determined that the SSP for licenses in these arrangements are highly variable. We use the residual approach only for our license arrangements. When the SSP is observable but contractual pricing does not fall within our established SSP range, then an adjustment is required and we will allocate the transaction price between license and customer support at a constant ratio reflecting the mid-point of the established SSP range. When two or more contracts are entered into at or near the same time with the same customer, we evaluate the facts and circumstances associated with the negotiation of those contracts. Where the contracts are negotiated as a package, we will account for them as a single arrangement and allocate the consideration for the combined contracts among the performance obligations accordingly. We believe there are significant assumptions, judgments and estimates involved in the accounting for revenue recognition as discussed above and these assumptions, judgment and estimates could impact the timing of when revenue is recognized and could have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. 44 Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. The carrying amount of goodwill is periodically reviewed for impairment (at a minimum annually) and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of this asset may not be recoverable. Our operations are analyzed by management and our chief operating decision maker (CODM) as being part of a single industry segment: the design, development, marketing and sales of Information Management software and solutions. Therefore, our goodwill impairment assessment is based on the allocation of goodwill to a single reporting unit. We perform a qualitative assessment to test our reporting unit's goodwill for impairment. Based on our qualitative assessment, if we determine that the fair value of our reporting unit is more likely than not (i.e. a likelihood of more than 50 percent) to be less than its carrying amount, the quantitative assessment of the impairment test is performed. In the quantitative assessment, we compare the fair value of our reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not considered impaired and we are not required to perform further testing. If the carrying value of the net assets of our reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then an impairment loss equal to the difference, but not exceeding the total carrying value of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit, would be recorded. Our annual impairment analysis of goodwill was performed as of April 1, 2020. Our qualitative assessment indicated that there were no indications of impairment and therefore there was no impairment of goodwill required to be recorded for Fiscal 2020 (no impairments were recorded for Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2018). Acquired intangibles In accordance with business combinations accounting, we allocate the purchase price of acquired companies to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. Such valuations may require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Acquired intangible assets typically consist of acquired technology and customer relationships. In valuing our acquired intangible assets, we may make assumptions and estimates based in part on information obtained from the management of the acquired company, which may make our assumptions and estimates inherently uncertain. Examples of critical estimates we may make in valuing certain of the intangible assets that we acquire include, but are not limited to: • future expected cash flows of our individual revenue streams; • historical and expected customer attrition rates and anticipated growth in revenue from acquired customers; • the expected use of the acquired assets; and • discount rates. As a result of the judgments that need to be made, we obtain the assistance of independent valuation firms. We complete these assessments as soon as practical after the closing dates. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates of fair value we have made in the past have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill, if the changes are related to conditions that existed at the time of the acquisition. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments, based on events that occurred subsequent to the acquisition date, are recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Income taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (Topic 740). We account for our uncertain tax provisions by using a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of the available evidence indicates it is more likely than not, based solely on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained on audit, including the resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the appropriate amount of the benefit to recognize. The amount of benefit to recognize is measured as the maximum amount which is more likely than not to be realized. The tax position is derecognized when it is no longer more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit. On subsequent recognition and measurement the 45 maximum amount which is more likely than not to be recognized at each reporting date will represent the Company's best estimate, given the information available at the reporting date, although the outcome of the tax position is not absolute or final. We recognize both accrued interest and penalties related to liabilities for income taxes within the "Provision for (recovery of) income taxes" line of our Consolidated Statements of Income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. These temporary differences are measured using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the extent that we consider it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In determining the valuation allowance, we consider factors such as the reversal of deferred income tax liabilities, projected taxable income, and the character of income tax assets and tax planning strategies. A change to these factors could impact the estimated valuation allowance and income tax expense. The Company’s tax positions are subject to audit by local taxing authorities across multiple global subsidiaries and the resolution of such audits may span multiple years. Since tax law is complex and often subject to varied interpretations, it is uncertain whether some of the Company’s tax positions will be sustained upon audit. Our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to the current provision for income taxes considers current tax laws, our interpretations of current tax laws and possible outcomes of current and future audits conducted by domestic and foreign tax authorities. While we believe the assumptions and estimates that we have made are reasonable, such assumptions and estimates could have a material impact to our Consolidated Financial Statements upon ultimate resolution of the tax positions. For additional details, please see note 15 "Income Taxes" to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 46 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following tables provide a detailed analysis of our results of operations and financial condition. For each of the periods indicated below, we present our revenues by product type, revenues by major geography, cost of revenues by product type, total gross margin, total operating margin, gross margin by product type, and their corresponding percentage of total revenue. In addition, we provide Non-GAAP measures for the periods discussed in order to provide additional information to investors that we believe will be useful as this presentation is in line with how our management assesses our Company's performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for a reconciliation of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures. Summary of Results of Operations Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Total Revenues by Product Type: License $ 402,851 $ (25,241 ) $ 428,092 $ (9,420 ) $ 437,512 Cloud services and subscriptions 1,157,686 249,874 907,812 78,844 828,968 Customer support 1,275,586 27,671 1,247,915 15,411 1,232,504 Professional service and other 273,613 (11,323 ) 284,936 (31,321 ) 316,257 Total revenues 3,109,736 240,981 2,868,755 53,514 2,815,241 Total Cost of Revenues 1,003,775 73,072 930,703 (20,296 ) 950,999 Total GAAP-based Gross Profit 2,105,961 167,909 1,938,052 73,810 1,864,242 Total GAAP-based Gross Margin % 67.7 % 67.6 % 66.2 % Total GAAP-based Operating Expenses 1,602,432 231,390 1,371,042 13,493 1,357,549 Total GAAP-based Income from Operations $ 503,529 $ (63,481 ) $ 567,010 $ 60,317 $ 506,693 % Revenues by Product Type: License 13.0 % 14.9 % 15.6 % Cloud services and subscriptions 37.2 % 31.7 % 29.4 % Customer support 41.0 % 43.5 % 43.8 % Professional service and other 8.8 % 9.9 % 11.2 % Total Cost of Revenues by Product Type: License $ 11,321 $ (3,026 ) $ 14,347 $ 654 $ 13,693 Cloud services and subscriptions 449,940 65,947 383,993 19,833 364,160 Customer support 123,894 (449 ) 124,343 (9,546 ) 133,889 Professional service and other 212,903 (11,732 ) 224,635 (28,754 ) 253,389 Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets 205,717 22,332 183,385 (2,483 ) 185,868 Total cost of revenues $ 1,003,775 $ 73,072 $ 930,703 $ (20,296 ) $ 950,999 % GAAP-based Gross Margin by Product Type: License 97.2 % 96.6 % 96.9 % Cloud services and subscriptions 61.1 % 57.7 % 56.1 % Customer support 90.3 % 90.0 % 89.1 % Professional service and other 22.2 % 21.2 % 19.9 % Total Revenues by Geography: (1) Americas (2) $ 1,903,650 $ 220,368 $ 1,683,282 $ 63,648 $ 1,619,634 EMEA (3) 942,281 21,859 920,422 2,655 917,767 Asia Pacific (4) 263,805 (1,246 ) 265,051 (12,789 ) 277,840 Total revenues $ 3,109,736 $ 240,981 $ 2,868,755 $ 53,514 $ 2,815,241 % Revenues by Geography: Americas (2) 61.2 % 58.7 % 57.5 % EMEA (3) 30.3 % 32.1 % 32.6 % Asia Pacific (4) 8.5 % 9.2 % 9.9 % 47 Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Other Metrics: GAAP-based gross margin 67.7 % 67.6 % 66.2 % GAAP-based EPS, diluted $ 0.86 $ 1.06 $ 0.91 Net income, attributable to OpenText $ 234,225 $ 285,501 $ 242,224 Non-GAAP-based gross margin (5) 74.5 % 74.1 % 73.0 % Non-GAAP-based EPS, diluted (5) $ 2.89 $ 2.76 $ 2.56 Adjusted EBITDA (5) $ 1,148,080 $ 1,100,291 $ 1,020,351 (1) Total revenues by geography are determined based on the location of our end customer. (2) Americas consists of countries in North, Central and South America. (3) EMEA primarily consists of countries in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. (4) Asia Pacific primarily consists of Japan, Australia, China, Korea, Philippines, Singapore and New Zealand. (5) See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" (discussed later in this MD&A) for definitions and reconciliations of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures. Revenues, Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin by Product Type 1) License: Our license revenue can be broadly categorized as perpetual licenses, term licenses and subscription licenses. Our license revenues are impacted by the strength of general economic and industry conditions, the competitive strength of our software products, and our acquisitions. Cost of license revenues consists primarily of royalties payable to third parties. Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 License Revenues: Americas $ 199,646 $ (16,225 ) $ 215,871 $ 8,216 $ 207,655 EMEA 155,207 (8,415 ) 163,622 (7,009 ) 170,631 Asia Pacific 47,998 (601 ) 48,599 (10,627 ) 59,226 Total License Revenues 402,851 (25,241 ) 428,092 (9,420 ) 437,512 Cost of License Revenues 11,321 (3,026 ) 14,347 654 13,693 GAAP-based License Gross Profit $ 391,530 $ (22,215 ) $ 413,745 $ (10,074 ) $ 423,819 GAAP-based License Gross Margin % 97.2 % 96.6 % 96.9 % % License Revenues by Geography: Americas 49.6 % 50.4 % 47.5 % EMEA 38.5 % 38.2 % 39.0 % Asia Pacific 11.9 % 11.4 % 13.5 % License revenues decreased by $25.2 million or 5.9% during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year; down 4.5% after factoring in the impact of $5.9 million of foreign exchange rate changes. Geographically, the overall change was attributable to a decrease in Americas of $16.2 million , a decrease in EMEA of $8.4 million , and a decrease in Asia Pacific of $0.6 million . During Fiscal 2020, we closed 120 license deals greater than $0.5 million, of which 48 deals were greater than $1.0 million, contributing $137.8 million of license revenues. This was compared to 153 license deals greater than $0.5 million during Fiscal 2019, of which 49 deals were greater than $1.0 million, contributing $171.6 million of license revenues. Cost of license revenues decreased by $3.0 million during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year, primarily as a result of lower third party technology costs. Overall, the gross margin percentage on license revenues remained stable at approximately 97% . 48 2) Cloud Services and Subscriptions: Cloud services and subscriptions revenues are from hosting arrangements where in connection with the licensing of software, the end user does not take possession of the software, as well as from end-to-end fully outsourced B2B integration solutions to our customers (collectively referred to as cloud arrangements). The software application resides on our hardware or that of a third party, and the customer accesses and uses the software on an as-needed basis via an identified line. Our cloud arrangements can be broadly categorized as PaaS, SaaS, cloud subscriptions and managed services. Cost of Cloud services and subscriptions revenues is comprised primarily of third party network usage fees, maintenance of in-house data hardware centers, technical support personnel-related costs, and some third party royalty costs. Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Cloud Services and Subscriptions: Americas $ 839,443 $ 222,667 $ 616,776 $ 61,553 $ 555,223 EMEA 232,856 26,629 206,227 14,707 191,520 Asia Pacific 85,387 578 84,809 2,584 82,225 Total Cloud Services and Subscriptions Revenues 1,157,686 249,874 907,812 78,844 828,968 Cost of Cloud Services and Subscriptions Revenues 449,940 65,947 383,993 19,833 364,160 GAAP-based Cloud Services and Subscriptions Gross Profit $ 707,746 $ 183,927 $ 523,819 $ 59,011 $ 464,808 GAAP-based Cloud Services and Subscriptions Gross Margin % 61.1 % 57.7 % 56.1 % % Cloud Services and Subscriptions Revenues by Geography: Americas 72.5 % 67.9 % 67.0 % EMEA 20.1 % 22.7 % 23.1 % Asia Pacific 7.4 % 9.4 % 9.9 % Cloud services and subscriptions revenues increased by $249.9 million or 27.5% during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year; up 28.4% after factoring in the impact of $8.1 million of foreign exchange rate changes. Geographically, the overall change was attributable to an increase in Americas of $222.7 million , an increase in EMEA of $26.6 million and an increase in Asia Pacific of $0.6 million . There were 44 Cloud services deals greater than $1.0 million that closed during Fiscal 2020, compared to 46 deals during Fiscal 2019. Cost of Cloud services and subscriptions revenues increased by $65.9 million during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year. This was due to an increase in labour-related costs of $54.2 million, primarily due to increased headcount from recent acquisitions, an increase in third party network usage fees of $9.9 million and an increase in other miscellaneous costs of $1.8 million. Overall, the gross margin percentage on Cloud services and subscriptions revenues increased to 61% from 58% . 3) Customer Support: Customer support revenues consist of revenues from our customer support and maintenance agreements. These agreements allow our customers to receive technical support, enhancements and upgrades to new versions of our software products when available. Customer support revenues are generated from support and maintenance relating to current year sales of software products and from the renewal of existing maintenance agreements for software licenses sold in prior periods. Therefore, changes in Customer support revenues do not always correlate directly to the changes in license revenues from period to period. The terms of support and maintenance agreements are typically twelve months, and are renewable, generally on an annual basis, at the option of the customer. Our management reviews our Customer support renewal rates on a quarterly basis, and we use these rates as a method of monitoring our customer service performance. For the year ended June 30, 2020 , our Customer support renewal rate was approximately 94%, compared with the Customer support renewal rate of approximately 91% for the year ended June 30, 2019 . Cost of Customer support revenues is comprised primarily of technical support personnel and related costs, as well as third party royalty costs. 49 Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Customer Support Revenues: Americas $ 734,578 $ 16,369 $ 718,209 $ 12,924 $ 705,285 EMEA 438,447 10,735 427,712 3,939 423,773 Asia Pacific 102,561 567 101,994 (1,452 ) 103,446 Total Customer Support Revenues 1,275,586 27,671 1,247,915 15,411 1,232,504 Cost of Customer Support Revenues 123,894 (449 ) 124,343 (9,546 ) 133,889 GAAP-based Customer Support Gross Profit $ 1,151,692 $ 28,120 $ 1,123,572 $ 24,957 $ 1,098,615 GAAP-based Customer Support Gross Margin % 90.3 % 90.0 % 89.1 % % Customer Support Revenues by Geography: Americas 57.6 % 57.6 % 57.2 % EMEA 34.4 % 34.3 % 34.4 % Asia Pacific 8.0 % 8.1 % 8.4 % Customer support revenues increased by $27.7 million or 2.2% during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year; up 3.7% after factoring in the impact of $18.1 million of foreign exchange rate changes. Geographically, the overall change was attributable to an increase in Americas of $16.4 million , an increase in EMEA of $10.7 million , and an increase in Asia Pacific of $0.6 million . Cost of Customer support revenues decreased by $0.4 million during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year, due to a decrease in other miscellaneous expenses. Overall, the gross margin percentage on Customer support revenues remained stable at approximately 90% . 4) Professional Service and Other: Professional service and other revenues consist of revenues from consulting contracts and contracts to provide implementation, training and integration services (professional services). Other revenues consist of hardware revenues, which are grouped within the “Professional service and other” category because they are relatively immaterial to our service revenues. Professional services are typically performed after the purchase of new software licenses. Professional service and other revenues can vary from period to period based on the type of engagements as well as those implementations that are assumed by our partner network. Cost of professional service and other revenues consists primarily of the costs of providing integration, configuration and training with respect to our various software products. The most significant components of these costs are personnel-related expenses, travel costs and third party subcontracting. Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Professional Service and Other Revenues: Americas $ 129,983 $ (2,443 ) $ 132,426 $ (19,045 ) $ 151,471 EMEA 115,771 (7,090 ) 122,861 (8,982 ) 131,843 Asia Pacific 27,859 (1,790 ) 29,649 (3,294 ) 32,943 Total Professional Service and Other Revenues 273,613 (11,323 ) 284,936 (31,321 ) 316,257 Cost of Professional Service and Other Revenues 212,903 (11,732 ) 224,635 (28,754 ) 253,389 GAAP-based Professional Service and Other Gross Profit $ 60,710 $ 409 $ 60,301 $ (2,567 ) $ 62,868 GAAP-based Professional Service and Other Gross Margin % 22.2 % 21.2 % 19.9 % % Professional Service and Other Revenues by Geography: Americas 47.5 % 46.5 % 47.9 % EMEA 42.3 % 43.1 % 41.7 % Asia Pacific 10.2 % 10.4 % 10.4 % 50 Professional service and other revenues decreased by $11.3 million or 4.0% during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year; down 2.2% after factoring in the impact of $5.0 million of foreign exchange rate changes. Geographically, the overall change was attributable to a decrease in EMEA of $7.1 million , a decrease in Americas of $2.4 million and a decrease in Asia Pacific of $1.8 million . Cost of Professional service and other revenues decreased by $11.7 million during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to a decrease in labour-related costs of $11.7 million, relating to a reduction in the use of external labour and in travel related expenses. Overall, the gross margin percentage on Professional service and other revenues increased to 22% from 21% . Amortization of Acquired Technology-based Intangible Assets Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets $ 205,717 $ 22,332 $ 183,385 $ (2,483 ) $ 185,868 Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets increased during the year ended June 30, 2020 by $22.3 million as compared to the prior fiscal year due to an increase of $59.6 million relating to amortization of newly acquired technology-based intangible assets from recent acquisitions, partially offset by a reduction of $37.3 million relating to intangible assets from certain previous acquisitions becoming fully amortized. Operating Expenses Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Research and development $ 370,411 $ 48,575 $ 321,836 $ (1,073 ) $ 322,909 Sales and marketing 585,044 67,009 518,035 (11,106 ) 529,141 General and administrative 237,532 29,623 207,909 2,682 205,227 Depreciation 89,458 (8,258 ) 97,716 10,773 86,943 Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets 219,559 29,732 189,827 5,709 184,118 Special charges (recoveries) 100,428 64,709 35,719 6,508 29,211 Total operating expenses $ 1,602,432 $ 231,390 $ 1,371,042 $ 13,493 $ 1,357,549 % of Total Revenues: Research and development 11.9 % 11.2 % 11.5 % Sales and marketing 18.8 % 18.1 % 18.8 % General and administrative 7.6 % 7.2 % 7.3 % Depreciation 2.9 % 3.4 % 3.1 % Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets 7.1 % 6.6 % 6.5 % Special charges (recoveries) 3.2 % 1.2 % 1.0 % Research and development expenses consist primarily of payroll and payroll-related benefits expenses, contracted research and development expenses, and facility costs. Research and development assists with organic growth and improves product stability and functionality, and accordingly, we dedicate extensive efforts to update and upgrade our product offerings. The primary drivers are typically budgeted software upgrades and software development. 51 Change between Fiscal increase (decrease) (In thousands) 2020 and 2019 2019 and 2018 Payroll and payroll-related benefits $ 37,612 $ 12,629 Contract labour and consulting 2,305 (6,791 ) Share-based compensation 35 (385 ) Travel and communication 72 (588 ) Facilities 8,684 (4,775 ) Other miscellaneous (133 ) (1,163 ) Total change in research and development expenses $ 48,575 $ (1,073 ) Research and development expenses increased by $48.6 million during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year, partially as a result of recent acquisitions. Payroll and payroll-related benefits increased $37.6 million , facility related expenses increased by $8.7 million and contract labour and consulting expense increased by $2.3 million . Overall, our research and development expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, increased to 12% from 11% in the prior fiscal year. Our research and development labour resources increased by 405 employees, from 3,667 employees at June 30, 2019 to 4,072 employees at June 30, 2020 . Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses and costs associated with advertising, marketing events and trade shows. Change between Fiscal increase (decrease) (In thousands) 2020 and 2019 2019 and 2018 Payroll and payroll-related benefits $ 40,637 $ (48 ) Commissions 4,306 (6,588 ) Contract labour and consulting 773 (871 ) Share-based compensation 856 (752 ) Travel and communication (2,541 ) (1,113 ) Marketing expenses 15,926 (5,742 ) Facilities 7,228 808 Bad debt expense (2,000 ) 3,519 Other miscellaneous 1,824 (319 ) Total change in sales and marketing expenses $ 67,009 $ (11,106 ) Sales and marketing expenses increased by $67.0 million during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year. Payroll and payroll-related benefits increased by $40.6 million , marketing expenses increased by $15.9 million , and facility related expenses increased by $7.2 million , all primarily as result of recent acquisitions. Additionally, commission expense increased by $4.3 million and other miscellaneous expenses increased by $1.8 million . These were partially offset by a reduction in travel and communication of $2.5 million , which was primarily due to the travel limitations triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, and a reduction in bad debt expense of $2.0 million . Overall, our sales and marketing expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, increased to 19% from 18% in the prior fiscal year. Our sales and marketing labour resources increased by 406 employees, from 2,051 employees at June 30, 2019 to 2,457 employees at June 30, 2020 . General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and payroll related benefits expenses, related overhead, audit fees, other professional fees, contract labour and consulting expenses and public company costs. Change between Fiscal increase (decrease) (In thousands) 2020 and 2019 2019 and 2018 Payroll and payroll-related benefits $ 20,264 $ 4,089 Contract labour and consulting 232 (618 ) Share-based compensation 1,766 768 Travel and communication (480 ) 794 Facilities 4,127 (4,537 ) Other miscellaneous 3,714 2,186 Total change in general and administrative expenses $ 29,623 $ 2,682 52 General and administrative expenses increased by $29.6 million during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year. Payroll and payroll-related benefits increased by $20.3 million and facilities related costs increased by $4.1 million , primarily as a result of recent acquisitions. Additionally, share-based compensation increased by $1.8 million and other miscellaneous expenses increased by $3.7 million , primarily due to higher professional fees such as legal, audit and tax related expenses from our recent acquisitions. Overall, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, increased to 8% from 7% in the prior fiscal year. Our general and administrative labour resources increased by 294 employees, from 1,620 employees at June 30, 2019 to 1,914 employees at June 30, 2020 . Depreciation expenses: Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Depreciation $ 89,458 $ (8,258 ) $ 97,716 $ 10,773 $ 86,943 Depreciation expenses decreased during the year ended June 30, 2020 by $8.3 million , as compared to the prior fiscal year. Depreciation expenses, as a percentage of total revenue, remained at approximately 3% for each such period. Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets: Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets $ 219,559 $ 29,732 $ 189,827 $ 5,709 $ 184,118 Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets increased during the year ended June 30, 2020 by $29.7 million as compared to the prior fiscal year due to an increase of $63.9 million relating to amortization of newly acquired customer-based intangible assets from recent acquisitions, partially offset by a reduction of $34.2 million relating to intangible assets from certain previous acquisitions becoming fully amortized. Special charges (recoveries): Special charges typically relate to amounts that we expect to pay in connection with restructuring plans, acquisition-related costs and other similar charges and recoveries. Generally, we implement such plans in the context of integrating acquired entities with existing OpenText operations. Actions related to such restructuring plans are typically completed within a period of one year. In certain limited situations, if the planned activity does not need to be implemented, or an expense lower than anticipated is paid out, we record a recovery of the originally recorded expense to Special charges. Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Special charges (recoveries) $ 100,428 $ 64,709 $ 35,719 $ 6,508 $ 29,211 Special charges increased by $64.7 million during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to (i) an increase of $52.6 million in restructuring activities, inclusive of $36.9 million from the accelerated amortization associated with the abandonment of certain right-of-use assets and $9.7 million from the disposal of fixed assets, (ii) an increase of $8.1 million in acquisition related costs, (iii) an increase of $1.5 million relating to the impact of certain pre-acquisition sales and use tax liabilities becoming statute barred during Fiscal 2019 and (iv) an increase of $2.5 million relating to other miscellaneous charges. For more details on Special charges (recoveries), see note 18 "Special Charges (Recoveries)" to our Consolidated Financial Statements . 53 Other Income (Expense), Net The components of other income (expense), net were as follows: Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Foreign exchange gains (losses) $ (4,184 ) $ 146 $ (4,330 ) $ (9,175 ) $ 4,845 OpenText share in net income (loss) of equity investees (note 9) 8,700 (4,968 ) 13,668 7,703 5,965 Income from long-term other receivable — — — (1,327 ) 1,327 Gain on shares held in Guidance (1) — — — (841 ) 841 Gain from contractual settlement (2) — — — (5,000 ) 5,000 Loss debt extinguishment (3) (17,854 ) (17,854 ) — — — Other miscellaneous income (expense) 1,392 574 818 823 (5 ) Total other income (expense), net $ (11,946 ) $ (22,102 ) $ 10,156 $ (7,817 ) $ 17,973 (1) Represents the release to income from other comprehensive income relating to the mark to market on shares we held in Guidance prior to our acquisition in the first fiscal quarter of Fiscal 2018. (2) Represents a gain recognized in connection with the settlement of a certain breach of contractual arrangement in the second quarter of Fiscal 2018. (3) On March 5, 2020 we redeemed Senior Notes 2023 (defined below) in full, which resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $17.9 million . Of this, $6.7 million is related to unamortized debt issuance costs and the remaining $11.2 million is related to the early termination call premium. See note 11 "Long-Term Debt" to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Interest and Other Related Expense, Net Interest and other related expense, net is primarily comprised of interest paid and accrued on our debt facilities, offset by interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents. Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Interest expense related to total outstanding debt (1) $ 149,204 $ 11,717 $ 137,487 $ 5,106 $ 132,381 Interest income (11,768 ) (3,754 ) (8,014 ) (6,342 ) (1,672 ) Other miscellaneous expense 8,942 1,823 7,119 (712 ) 7,831 Total interest and other related expense, net $ 146,378 $ 9,786 $ 136,592 $ (1,948 ) $ 138,540 (1) For more details see note 11 "Long-Term Debt" to our Consolidated Financial Statements . Provision for (Recovery of) Income Taxes We operate in several tax jurisdictions and are exposed to various foreign tax rates. Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change increase (decrease) 2019 Change increase (decrease) 2018 Provision for (recovery of) income taxes $ 110,837 $ (44,100 ) $ 154,937 $ 11,111 $ 143,826 The effective tax rate decreased to a provision of 32.1% for the year ended June 30, 2020, compared to a provision of 35.2% for the year ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in tax expense of $44.1 million was primarily due to (i) a decrease of $23.7 million relating to lower net income including the impact of foreign rates, (ii) a decrease of $51.3 million for changes in unrecognized tax benefits, (iii) a decrease of $7.0 million from tax rate differential in tax years applicable to United States loss carryforwards that became eligible for carryback under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act enacted in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, and (iv) a decrease of $16.0 million related to tax costs of internal reorganizations that did not recur in Fiscal 2020. These were partially offset by (i) an increase of $25.2 million related to the US Base Erosion Anti-avoidance Tax (US BEAT), (ii) an increase in accruals for repatriations from foreign subsidiaries of $17.3 million , (iii) an 54 increase in the effect of withholding taxes of $5.9 million , and (iv) an increase in the change in the valuation allowance of $4.8 million . The remainder of the difference was due to normal course movements and non-material items. For information with regards to certain potential tax contingencies, see note 14 "Guarantees and Contingencies" to our Consolidated Financial Statements . Please also see Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K . 55 Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures In addition to reporting financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company provides certain financial measures that are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP (Non-GAAP). These Non-GAAP financial measures have certain limitations in that they do not have a standardized meaning and thus the Company's definition may be different from similar Non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies and/or analysts and may differ from period to period. Thus, it may be more difficult to compare the Company's financial performance to that of other companies. However, the Company's management compensates for these limitations by providing the relevant disclosure of the items excluded in the calculation of these Non-GAAP financial measures both in its reconciliation to the U.S. GAAP financial measures and its Consolidated Financial Statements , all of which should be considered when evaluating the Company's results. The Company uses these Non-GAAP financial measures to supplement the information provided in its Consolidated Financial Statements , which are presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The presentation of Non-GAAP financial measures is not meant to be a substitute for financial measures presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, but rather should be evaluated in conjunction with and as a supplement to such U.S. GAAP measures. OpenText strongly encourages investors to review its financial information in its entirety and not to rely on a single financial measure. The Company therefore believes that despite these limitations, it is appropriate to supplement the disclosure of the U.S. GAAP measures with certain Non-GAAP measures defined below. Non-GAAP-based net income and Non-GAAP-based EPS, attributable to OpenText, is consistently calculated as GAAP-based net income or earnings per share, attributable to OpenText, on a diluted basis, excluding the effects of the amortization of acquired intangible assets, other income (expense), share-based compensation, and Special charges (recoveries), all net of tax and any tax benefits/expense items unrelated to current period income, as further described in the tables below. Non-GAAP-based gross profit is the arithmetical sum of GAAP-based gross profit and the amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets and share-based compensation within cost of sales. Non-GAAP-based gross margin is calculated as Non-GAAP-based gross profit expressed as a percentage of total revenue. Non-GAAP-based income from operations is calculated as GAAP-based income from operations, excluding the amortization of acquired intangible assets, Special charges (recoveries), and share-based compensation expense. Adjusted earnings (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (Adjusted EBITDA) is consistently calculated as GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText excluding interest income (expense), provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization of acquired intangible assets, other income (expense), share-based compensation and Special charges (recoveries). The Company's management believes that the presentation of the above defined Non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors because they portray the financial results of the Company before the impact of certain non-operational charges. The use of the term “non-operational charge” is defined for this purpose as an expense that does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company's management. These items are excluded based upon the way the Company's management evaluates the performance of the Company's business for use in the Company's internal reports and are not excluded in the sense that they may be used under U.S. GAAP. The Company does not acquire businesses on a predictable cycle, and therefore believes that the presentation of non-GAAP measures, which in certain cases adjust for the impact of amortization of intangible assets and the related tax effects that are primarily related to acquisitions, will provide readers of financial statements with a more consistent basis for comparison across accounting periods and be more useful in helping readers understand the Company’s operating results and underlying operational trends. Additionally, the Company has engaged in various restructuring activities over the past several years, primarily due to acquisitions, that have resulted in costs associated with reductions in headcount, consolidation of leased facilities and related costs, all which are recorded under the Company’s “Special Charges (recoveries)” caption on the Consolidated Statements of Income . Each restructuring activity is a discrete event based on a unique set of business objectives or circumstances, and each differs in terms of its operational implementation, business impact and scope, and the size of each restructuring plan can vary significantly from period to period. Therefore, the Company believes that the exclusion of these special charges (recoveries) will also better aid readers of financial statements in the understanding and comparability of the Company's operating results and underlying operational trends. In summary, the Company believes the provision of supplemental Non-GAAP measures allow investors to evaluate the operational and financial performance of the Company's core business using the same evaluation measures that management uses, and is therefore a useful indication of OpenText's performance or expected performance of future operations and facilitates period-to-period comparison of operating performance (although prior performance is not necessarily indicative of future performance). As a result, the Company considers it appropriate and reasonable to provide, in addition to U.S. GAAP measures, supplementary Non-GAAP financial measures that exclude certain items from the presentation of its financial results. The following charts provide unaudited reconciliations of U.S. GAAP-based financial measures to Non-GAAP-based financial measures for the following periods presented. 56 Reconciliation of selected GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures for the year ended June 30, 2020 (in thousands except for per share data) Year Ended June 30, 2020 GAAP-based Measures GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue Adjustments Note Non-GAAP-based Measures Non-GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue Cost of revenues Cloud services and subscriptions $ 449,940 $ (1,642 ) (1) $ 448,298 Customer support 123,894 (1,207 ) (1) 122,687 Professional service and other 212,903 (1,294 ) (1) 211,609 Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets 205,717 (205,717 ) (2) — GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) 2,105,961 67.7% 209,860 (3) 2,315,821 74.5% Operating expenses Research and development 370,411 (5,309 ) (1) 365,102 Sales and marketing 585,044 (9,335 ) (1) 575,709 General and administrative 237,532 (10,745 ) (1) 226,787 Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets 219,559 (219,559 ) (2) — Special charges (recoveries) 100,428 (100,428 ) (4) — GAAP-based income from operations / Non-GAAP-based income from operations 503,529 555,236 (5) 1,058,765 Other income (expense), net (11,946 ) 11,946 (6) — Provision for (recovery of) income taxes 110,837 16,897 (7) 127,734 GAAP-based net income / Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText 234,225 550,285 (8) 784,510 GAAP-based earnings per share / Non-GAAP-based earnings per share-diluted, attributable to OpenText 0.86 2.03 (8) 2.89 (1) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of share-based compensation expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as this expense is excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. (2) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of amortization expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as the timing and frequency of amortization expense is dependent on our acquisitions and is hence excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. (3) GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based gross profit stated in dollars and gross margin stated as a percentage of total revenue. (4) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Special charges (recoveries) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Special charges (recoveries) are generally incurred in the periods relevant to an acquisition and include certain charges or recoveries that are not indicative or related to continuing operations, and are therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. See note 18 "Special Charges (Recoveries)" to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more details. (5) GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based income from operations stated in dollars. (6) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Other income (expense) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Other income (expense) generally relates to the transactional impact of foreign exchange and is generally not indicative or related to continuing operations and is therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. Other income (expense) also includes our share of income (losses) from our holdings in investments as a limited partner. We do not actively trade equity securities in these privately held companies nor do we plan our ongoing operations based around any anticipated fundings or distributions from these investments. We exclude gains and losses on these investments as we do not believe they are reflective of our ongoing business and operating results. (7) Adjustment relates to differences between the GAAP-based tax provision rate of approximately 32% and a Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%; these rate differences are due to the income tax effects of items that are excluded for the purpose of calculating Non-GAAP-based adjusted net income. Such excluded items include amortization, share-based compensation, Special charges (recoveries) and other income (expense), net. Also excluded are tax benefits/expense items unrelated to current period income such as changes in reserves for tax uncertainties and valuation allowance reserves, and “book to return” adjustments for tax return filings and tax assessments. Included is the amount of net tax benefits arising from the internal reorganization that occurred in Fiscal 2017 assumed to be allocable to the current period based on the forecasted utilization period. In arriving at our Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%, we analyzed the individual adjusted expenses and took into consideration the impact of statutory tax rates from local jurisdictions incurring the expense. 57 (8) Reconciliation of GAAP-based net income to Non-GAAP-based net income: Year Ended June 30, 2020 Per share diluted GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText $ 234,225 $ 0.86 Add: Amortization 425,276 1.56 Share-based compensation 29,532 0.11 Special charges (recoveries) 100,428 0.37 Other (income) expense, net 11,946 0.04 GAAP-based provision for (recovery of) income taxes 110,837 0.41 Non-GAAP-based provision for income taxes (127,734 ) (0.46 ) Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText $ 784,510 $ 2.89 Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA Year Ended June 30, 2020 GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText $ 234,225 Add: Provision for (recovery of) income taxes 110,837 Interest and other related expense, net 146,378 Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets 205,717 Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets 219,559 Depreciation 89,458 Share-based compensation 29,532 Special charges (recoveries) 100,428 Other (income) expense, net 11,946 Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,148,080 58 Reconciliation of selected GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures for the year ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands except for per share data) Year Ended June 30, 2019 GAAP-based Measures GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue Adjustments Note Non-GAAP-based Measures Non-GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue Cost of revenues Cloud services and subscriptions $ 383,993 $ (948 ) (1) $ 383,045 Customer support 124,343 (1,242 ) (1) 123,101 Professional service and other 224,635 (1,764 ) (1) 222,871 Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets 183,385 (183,385 ) (2) — GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) 1,938,052 67.6% 187,339 (3) 2,125,391 74.1% Operating expenses Research and development 321,836 (4,991 ) (1) 316,845 Sales and marketing 518,035 (7,880 ) (1) 510,155 General and administrative 207,909 (9,945 ) (1) 197,964 Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets 189,827 (189,827 ) (2) — Special charges (recoveries) 35,719 (35,719 ) (4) — GAAP-based income from operations / Non-GAAP-based income from operations 567,010 435,701 (5) 1,002,711 Other income (expense), net 10,156 (10,156 ) (6) — Provision for (recovery of) income taxes 154,937 (33,680 ) (7) 121,257 GAAP-based net income / Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText 285,501 459,225 (8) 744,726 GAAP-based earnings per share / Non-GAAP-based earnings per share-diluted, attributable to OpenText $ 1.06 $ 1.70 (8) $ 2.76 (1) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of share-based compensation expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as this expense is excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. (2) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of amortization expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as the timing and frequency of amortization expense is dependent on our acquisitions and is hence excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. (3) GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based gross profit stated in dollars and gross margin stated as a percentage of total revenue. (4) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Special charges (recoveries) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Special charges (recoveries) are generally incurred in the periods relevant to an acquisition and include certain charges or recoveries that are not indicative or related to continuing operations, and are therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. See note 18 "Special Charges (Recoveries)" to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more details. (5) GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based income from operations stated in dollars. (6) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Other income (expense) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Other income (expense) generally relates to the transactional impact of foreign exchange and is generally not indicative or related to continuing operations and is therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. Other income (expense) also includes our share of income (losses) from our holdings in investments as a limited partner. We do not actively trade equity securities in these privately held companies nor do we plan our ongoing operations based around any anticipated fundings or distributions from these investments. We exclude gains and losses on these investments as we do not believe they are reflective of our ongoing business and operating results. (7) Adjustment relates to differences between the GAAP-based tax provision rate of approximately 35% and a Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%; these rate differences are due to the income tax effects of items that are excluded for the purpose of calculating Non-GAAP-based adjusted net income. Such excluded items include amortization, share-based compensation, Special charges (recoveries) and other income (expense), net. Also excluded are tax benefits/expense items unrelated to current period income such as changes in reserves for tax uncertainties and valuation allowance reserves, and “book to return” adjustments for tax return filings and tax assessments. Included is the amount of net tax benefits arising from the internal reorganization that occurred in Fiscal 2017 assumed to be allocable to the current period based on the forecasted utilization period. In arriving at our Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%, we analyzed the individual adjusted expenses and took into consideration the impact of statutory tax rates from local jurisdictions incurring the expense. 59 (8) Reconciliation of GAAP-based net income to Non-GAAP-based net income: Year Ended June 30, 2019 Per share diluted GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText $ 285,501 $ 1.06 Add: Amortization 373,212 1.38 Share-based compensation 26,770 0.10 Special charges (recoveries) 35,719 0.13 Other (income) expense, net (10,156 ) (0.04 ) GAAP-based provision for (recovery of) income taxes 154,937 0.57 Non-GAAP-based provision for income taxes (121,257 ) (0.44 ) Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText $ 744,726 $ 2.76 Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA Year Ended June 30, 2019 GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText $ 285,501 Add: Provision for (recovery of) income taxes 154,937 Interest and other related expense, net 136,592 Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets 183,385 Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets 189,827 Depreciation 97,716 Share-based compensation 26,770 Special charges (recoveries) 35,719 Other (income) expense, net (10,156 ) Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,100,291 60 Reconciliation of selected GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures for the year ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands except for per share data) Year Ended June 30, 2018 GAAP-based Measures GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue Adjustments Note Non-GAAP-based Measures Non-GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue Cost of revenues Cloud services and subscriptions $ 364,160 $ (1,429 ) (1) $ 362,731 Customer support 133,889 (1,233 ) (1) 132,656 Professional service and other 253,389 (1,838 ) (1) 251,551 Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets 185,868 (185,868 ) (2) — GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) 1,864,242 66.2% 190,368 (3) 2,054,610 73.0% Operating expenses Research and development 322,909 (5,659 ) (1) 317,250 Sales and marketing 529,141 (9,231 ) (1) 519,910 General and administrative 205,227 (8,204 ) (1) 197,023 Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets 184,118 (184,118 ) (2) — Special charges (recoveries) 29,211 (29,211 ) (4) — GAAP-based income from operations / Non-GAAP-based income from operations 506,693 426,791 (5) 933,484 Other income (expense), net 17,973 (17,973 ) (6) — Provision for (recovery of) income taxes 143,826 (32,534 ) (7) 111,292 GAAP-based net income / Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText 242,224 441,352 (8) 683,576 GAAP-based earnings per share / Non-GAAP-based earnings per share-diluted, attributable to OpenText $ 0.91 $ 1.65 (8) $ 2.56 (1) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of share-based compensation expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as this expense is excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. (2) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of amortization expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as the timing and frequency of amortization expense is dependent on our acquisitions and is hence excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. (3) GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based gross profit stated in dollars and gross margin stated as a percentage of total revenue. (4) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Special charges (recoveries) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Special charges (recoveries) are generally incurred in the periods relevant to an acquisition and include certain charges or recoveries that are not indicative or related to continuing operations, and are therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. See note 18 "Special Charges (Recoveries)" to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more details. (5) GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based income from operations stated in dollars. (6) Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Other income (expense) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Other income (expense) generally relates to the transactional impact of foreign exchange and is generally not indicative or related to continuing operations and is therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. Other income (expense) also includes our share of income (losses) from our holdings in investments as a limited partner. We do not actively trade equity securities in these privately held companies nor do we plan our ongoing operations based around any anticipated fundings or distributions from these investments. We exclude gains and losses on these investments as we do not believe they are reflective of our ongoing business and operating results. (7) Adjustment relates to differences between the GAAP-based tax recovery rate of approximately 37% and a Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%; these rate differences are due to the income tax effects of items that are excluded for the purpose of calculating Non-GAAP-based adjusted net income. Such excluded items include amortization, share-based compensation, Special charges (recoveries) and other income (expense), net. Also excluded are tax benefits/expense items unrelated to current period income such as changes in reserves for tax uncertainties and valuation allowance reserves and “book to return” adjustments for tax return filings and tax assessments. Included is the amount of net tax benefits arising from the internal reorganization that occurred in Fiscal 2017 assumed to be allocable to the current period based on the forecasted utilization period. In arriving at our Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%, we analyzed the individual adjusted expenses and took into consideration the impact of statutory tax rates from local jurisdictions incurring the expense. 61 (8) Reconciliation of GAAP-based net income to Non-GAAP-based net income: Year Ended June 30, 2018 Per share diluted GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText $ 242,224 $ 0.91 Add: Amortization 369,986 1.38 Share-based compensation 27,594 0.10 Special charges (recoveries) 29,211 0.11 Other (income) expense, net (17,973 ) (0.07 ) GAAP-based provision for (recovery of) income taxes 143,826 0.54 Non-GAAP-based provision for income taxes (111,292 ) (0.41 ) Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText $ 683,576 $ 2.56 Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA Year Ended June 30, 2018 GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText $ 242,224 Add: Provision for (recovery of) income taxes 143,826 Interest and other related expense, net 138,540 Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets 185,868 Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets 184,118 Depreciation 86,943 Share-based compensation 27,594 Special charges (recoveries) 29,211 Other (income) expense, net (17,973 ) Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,020,351 62 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES The following tables set forth changes in cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated: (In thousands) As of June 30, 2020 Change increase (decrease) As of June 30, 2019 Change increase (decrease) As of June 30, 2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,692,850 $ 751,841 $ 941,009 $ 258,067 $ 682,942 Restricted cash (1) 4,413 1,879 2,534 1,485 1,049 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 1,697,263 $ 753,720 $ 943,543 $ 259,552 $ 683,991 (1) Restricted cash is classified under the Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets line items on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Year Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2020 Change 2019 Change 2018 Cash provided by operating activities $ 954,536 $ 78,258 $ 876,278 $ 168,197 $ 708,081 Cash used in investing activities $ (1,469,417 ) $ (1,004,891 ) $ (464,526 ) $ (20,085 ) $ (444,441 ) Cash (used in) provided by financing activities $ 1,268,779 $ 1,417,153 $ (148,374 ) $ (124,701 ) $ (23,673 ) Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of balances with banks as well as deposits with original maturities of 90 days or less. We continue to anticipate that our cash and cash equivalents, as well as available credit facilities, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated cash requirements for working capital, contractual commitments, capital expenditures, dividends and operating needs for the next twelve months. Any further material or acquisition-related activities may require additional sources of financing and would be subject to the financial covenants established under our credit facilities. For more details, see "Long-term Debt and Credit Facilities" below. Proceeds from our $600 million draw down on the Revolver (defined below), (for which notice to the lenders was provided on March 5, 2020) have resulted in total cash and cash equivalents of $1.7 billion as of June 30, 2020 . As of June 30, 2020 , we recognized a provision of $24.8 million ( June 30, 2019 — $17.4 million ) in respect of both additional foreign taxes or deferred income tax liabilities for temporary differences related to the undistributed earnings of certain non-United States subsidiaries, and planned periodic repatriations from certain German subsidiaries, that will be subject to withholding taxes upon distribution. During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020, we deferred approximately $41 million in payments, primarily as a result of the CARES Act that was enacted in the U.S. in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 and other COVID-19 related tax relief programs in EMEA. These deferrals will become payable primarily in Fiscal 2021 with a portion becoming payable in Fiscal 2022. Cash flows provided by operating activities Cash flows from operating activities increased by $78.3 million due to an increase in net income before the impact of non-cash items of $60.7 million and an increase in changes from working capital of $17.6 million. The increase in operating cash flow from changes in working capital was primarily due to the net impact of the following increases: (i) $52.3 million relating to an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities; (ii) $27.1 million relating to deferred revenues; (iii) $9.0 million relating to accounts receivable; and (iv) $1.1 million relating to changes in other assets. These increases in operating cash flows were partially offset by the following decreases: (i) $62.4 million relating to changes in income taxes payable, net of receivables, (ii) $6.1 million relating to a increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, (iii) $2.7 million relating to an increase in contract assets, and (iv) $0.9 million relating to changes in net operating lease assets and liabilities. 63 During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 our days sales outstanding (DSO) was 51 days, compared to a DSO of 56 days during the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2019. The per day impact of our DSO in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019 on our cash flows was $9.2 million and $8.3 million , respectively. In arriving at DSO, we exclude contract assets as these assets do not provide an unconditional right to the related consideration from the customer. Cash flows used in investing activities Our cash flows used in investing activities is primarily on account of acquisitions and additions of property and equipment. Cash flows used in investing activities increased by $1.0 billion , primarily due to an increase in consideration paid for acquisitions during Fiscal 2020, as compared to Fiscal 2019. During Fiscal 2020 we acquired Carbonite for $1.4 billion , inclusive of cash acquired, and XMedius for $73.3 million . Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities Our cash flows from financing activities generally consist of long-term debt financing and amounts received from stock options exercised by our employees. These inflows are typically offset by scheduled and non-scheduled repayments of our long-term debt financing and, when applicable, the payment of dividends and/or repurchases of our Common Shares. Cash flows provided by financing activities increased by $1.4 billion . This was primarily due to proceeds from the issuance of Senior Notes 2028 and Seniors Notes 2030 (both defined below) of $1.8 billion. A portion of these proceeds were used to redeem $800 million of our Senior Notes 2023 (defined below) and repay $750 million that was drawn on the Revolver in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020. Additionally, in February 2020, all Notes due 2022, inherited through our acquisition of Carbonite, were surrendered and converted at a rate of $1,068.7341 in cash for each $1,000 principal amount, for an aggregate repayment of $153.6 million, and in March 2020, we drew $600 million from the Revolver as a preemptive measure in light of current uncertainty in the global markets. Cash Dividends During the year ended June 30, 2020 , we declared and paid cash dividends of $0.6984 per Common Share in the aggregated amount of $188.7 million ( year ended June 30, 2019 and 2018— $0.6300 and $0.5478 per Common Share, respectively, in the aggregate amount of $168.9 million and $145.6 million , respectively). Future declarations of dividends and the establishment of future record and payment dates are subject to final determination and discretion of the Board. See Item 5 "Dividend Policy" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information. Long-term Debt and Credit Facilities Senior Unsecured Fixed Rate Notes Senior Notes 2030 On February 18, 2020 Open Text Holdings, Inc. (OTHI), a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, issued $900 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.125% Senior Notes due 2030 guaranteed by us (Senior Notes 2030) in an unregistered offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), and to certain persons in offshore transactions pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Senior Notes 2030 bear interest at a rate of 4.125% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15, commencing on August 15, 2020. Senior Notes 2030 will mature on February 15, 2030, unless earlier redeemed, in accordance with their terms, or repurchased. We may redeem all or a portion of the Senior Notes 2030 at any time prior to February 15, 2025 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes 2030 plus an applicable premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. We may also redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes 2030, on one or more occasions, prior to February 15, 2025, using the net proceeds from certain qualified equity offerings at a redemption price of 104.125% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, subject to compliance with certain conditions. We may, on one or more occasions, redeem the Senior Notes 2030, in whole or in part, at any time on and after February 15, 2025 at the applicable redemption prices set forth in the indenture governing the Senior Notes 2030, dated as of February 18, 2020, among OTHI, the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, The Bank of New York Mellon, as U.S. trustee, and BNY Trust Company of Canada, as Canadian trustee (the 2030 Indenture), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. 64 If we experience one of the kinds of change of control triggering events specified in the 2030 Indenture, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase the Senior Notes 2030 at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes 2030, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase. The 2030 Indenture contains covenants that limit the Company, OTHI and certain of the Company's subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) create certain liens and enter into sale and lease-back transactions; (ii) create, assume, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness of the Company, OTHI or certain of the Company's subsidiaries without such subsidiary becoming a subsidiary guarantor of Senior Notes 2030; and (iii) consolidate, amalgamate or merge with, or convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of its property and assets substantially as an entirety to, another person. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions as set forth in the 2030 Indenture. The 2030 Indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, may permit or, in certain circumstances, require the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other monetary obligations on all the then-outstanding Senior Notes 2030 to be due and payable immediately. Senior Notes 2030 are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Company and the Company's existing and future wholly-owned subsidiaries (other than OTHI) that borrow or guarantee the obligations under our existing senior credit facilities. Senior Notes 2030 and the guarantees rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company, OTHI and the guarantors’ existing and future senior unsubordinated debt and will rank senior in right of payment to all of the Company, OTHI and the guarantors’ future subordinated debt. Senior Notes 2030 and the guarantees will be effectively subordinated to all of the Company, OTHI and the guarantors’ existing and future secured debt, including the obligations under the senior credit facilities, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such secured debt. The foregoing description of the 2030 Indenture does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the 2030 Indenture, which is filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 18, 2020. Senior Notes 2028 On February 18, 2020 we issued $900 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.875% Senior Notes due 2028 (Senior Notes 2028) in an unregistered offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and to certain persons in offshore transactions pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Senior Notes 2028 bear interest at a rate of 3.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15, commencing on August 15, 2020. Senior Notes 2028 will mature on February 15, 2028, unless earlier redeemed, in accordance with their terms, or repurchased. We may redeem all or a portion of the Senior Notes 2028 at any time prior to February 15, 2023 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes 2028 plus an applicable premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. We may also redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes 2028, on one or more occasions, prior to February 15, 2023, using the net proceeds from certain qualified equity offerings at a redemption price of 103.875% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, subject to compliance with certain conditions. We may, on one or more occasions, redeem the Senior Notes 2028, in whole or in part, at any time on and after February 15, 2023 at the applicable redemption prices set forth in the indenture governing the Senior Notes 2028, dated as of February 18, 2020, among the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, The Bank of New York Mellon, as U.S. trustee, and BNY Trust Company of Canada, as Canadian trustee (the 2028 Indenture), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. If we experience one of the kinds of change of control triggering events specified in the 2028 Indenture, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase the Senior Notes 2028 at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes 2028, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase. The 2028 Indenture contains covenants that limit our and certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) create certain liens and enter into sale and lease-back transactions; (ii) create, assume, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness of the Company or the guarantors without such subsidiary becoming a subsidiary guarantor of Senior Notes 2028; and (iii) consolidate, amalgamate or merge with, or convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of its property and assets substantially as an entirety to, another person. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions as set forth in the 2028 Indenture. The 2028 Indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, may permit or, in certain circumstances, require the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other monetary obligations on all the then-outstanding Senior Notes 2028 to be due and payable immediately. Senior Notes 2028 are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by our existing and future wholly-owned subsidiaries that borrow or guarantee the obligations under our existing senior credit facilities. Senior Notes 2028 and the guarantees rank equally in right of payment with all of our and our guarantors’ existing and future senior unsubordinated debt and will rank senior in right of payment to all of the our and our guarantors’ future subordinated debt. Senior Notes 2028 and the guarantees will be effectively subordinated to all of our and our guarantors’ existing and future secured debt, including the obligations under the senior credit facilities, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such secured debt. 65 The foregoing description of the 2028 Indenture does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the 2028 Indenture, which is filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 18, 2020. Senior Notes 2026 On May 31, 2016 we issued $600 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes due 2026 (Senior Notes 2026) in an unregistered offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, and to certain persons in offshore transactions pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Senior Notes 2026 bear interest at a rate of 5.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1, commencing on December 1, 2016. Senior Notes 2026 will mature on June 1, 2026, unless earlier redeemed, in accordance with their terms, or repurchased. On December 20, 2016, we issued an additional $250 million in aggregate principal amount by reopening our Senior Notes 2026 at an issue price of 102.75% . The additional notes have identical terms, are fungible with and are a part of a single series with the previously issued $600 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes 2026. The outstanding aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes 2026, after taking into consideration the additional issuance, is $850 million . We may redeem all or a portion of the Senior Notes 2026 at any time prior to June 1, 2021 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of Senior Notes 2026 plus an applicable premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. We may also, on one or more occasions, redeem Senior Notes 2026, in whole or in part, at any time on and after June 1, 2021 at the applicable redemption prices set forth in the indenture governing the Senior Notes 2026, dated as of May 31, 2016, among the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, The Bank of New York Mellon, as U.S. trustee, and BNY Trust Company of Canada, as Canadian trustee (the 2026 Indenture), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. If we experience one of the kinds of changes of control triggering events specified in the 2026 Indenture, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase Senior Notes 2026 at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of Senior Notes 2026, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase. The 2026 Indenture contains covenants that limit our and certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) create certain liens and enter into sale and lease-back transactions; (ii) create, assume, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness of the Company or the guarantors without such subsidiary becoming a subsidiary guarantor of the notes; and (iii) consolidate, amalgamate or merge with, or convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of its property and assets substantially as an entirety to, another person. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions as set forth in the 2026 Indenture. The 2026 Indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, may permit or, in certain circumstances, require the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other monetary obligations on all the then-outstanding notes to be due and payable immediately. Senior Notes 2026 are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by our existing and future wholly-owned subsidiaries that borrow or guarantee the obligations under our existing senior credit facilities. Senior Notes 2026 and the guarantees rank equally in right of payment with all of our and our guarantors’ existing and future senior unsubordinated debt and will rank senior in right of payment to all of our and our guarantors’ future subordinated debt. Senior Notes 2026 and the guarantees will be effectively subordinated to all of our and our guarantors’ existing and future secured debt, including the obligations under the senior credit facilities, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such secured debt. The foregoing description of the 2026 Indenture does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the 2026 Indenture, which is filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 31, 2016. Senior Notes 2023 On January 15, 2015, we issued $800 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.625% Senior Notes due 2023 (Senior Notes 2023) in an unregistered offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and to certain persons in offshore transactions pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Senior Notes 2023 bore interest at a rate of 5.625% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15, commencing on July 15, 2015. Senior Notes 2023 were to mature on January 15, 2023, unless earlier redeemed in accordance with their terms, or repurchased. On March 5, 2020 , we redeemed Senior Notes 2023 in full at a price equal to 101.406% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest up to but excluding the redemption date. A portion of the net proceeds from the offerings of Senior Notes 2028 and Senior Notes 2030 was used to redeem Senior Notes 2023. Upon redemption, Senior Notes 2023 were cancelled and any obligation thereunder was extinguished. The resulting loss of $17.9 million has been recorded as a component of Other income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Income . See note 23 "Other Income (Expense), Net" to our Consolidated Financial Statements . 66 Notes due 2022 Following our acquisition of Carbonite, our consolidated debt reflected $143.8 million of principal debt convertible notes (Notes due 2022). Notes due 2022 were originally issued by Carbonite, on April 4, 2017, in an unregistered offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The Notes due 2022 were issued under an Indenture (the 2022 Notes Indenture) between Carbonite and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the 2022 Notes Trustee). The Notes due 2022 accrued interest at 2.5% per year, which was payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The Notes due 2022 were to mature on April 1, 2022, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. Carbonite, now a subsidiary of OpenText, was the sole obligor on the Notes due 2022. In connection with our acquisition of Carbonite, and as required by the 2022 Notes Indenture, Carbonite and the 2022 Notes Trustee entered into a first supplemental indenture, dated as of December 24, 2019 (the 2022 Notes Supplemental Indenture). The 2022 Notes Supplemental Indenture provided that, at and after the effective time of our acquisition of Carbonite, the right to convert each $1,000 principal amount of the Notes due 2022 was changed into the right to convert such principal amount of the Notes due 2022 solely into cash in an amount equal to the Conversion Rate (as defined in the 2022 Notes Indenture) in effect on the Conversion Date (as defined in the 2022 Notes Indenture) multiplied by $23.00 , which was the price per share we paid in connection with our acquisition of Carbonite. As a result of our acquisition of Carbonite, the Conversion Rate for the Notes due 2022 was temporarily increased by 7.7633 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes due 2022 to yield a Conversion Rate of 46.4667 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes due 2022. The increased Conversion Rate was in effect until the close of business on February 27, 2020. As of February 27, 2020, all Notes due 2022 had been surrendered and converted at a rate of $1,068.7341 in cash for each $1,000 principal amount. As of such date, there are no remaining Notes due 2022 outstanding. Term Loan B On May 30, 2018, we entered into a credit facility, which provides for a $1 billion term loan facility with certain lenders named therein, Barclays Bank PLC (Barclays), as sole administrative agent and collateral agent, and as lead arranger and joint bookrunner (Term Loan B) and borrowed the full amount on May 30, 2018 to, among other things, repay in full the loans under our prior $800 million term loan credit facility originally entered into on January 16, 2014. Repayments made under Term Loan B are equal to 0.25% of the principal amount in equal quarterly installments for the life of Term Loan B, with the remainder due at maturity. Borrowings under Term Loan B are secured by a first charge over substantially all of our assets on a pari passu basis with the Revolver. Term Loan B has a seven year term, maturing in May 2025. Borrowings under Term Loan B bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an applicable margin plus, at the borrower’s option, either (1) the Eurodollar rate for the interest period relevant to such borrowing or (2) an ABR rate. The applicable margin for borrowings under Term Loan B is 1.75%, with respect to LIBOR advances and 0.75%, with respect to ABR advances. The interest on the current outstanding balance for Term Loan B is equal to 1.75% plus LIBOR (subject to a 0.00% floor). As of June 30, 2020 , the outstanding balance on the Term Loan B bears an interest rate of 1.92% . For more information regarding the impact of LIBOR, see "-Stress in the global financial system may adversely affect our finances and operations in ways that may be hard to predict or to defend against" included within Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Term Loan B has incremental facility capacity of (i) $250 million plus (ii) additional amounts, subject to meeting a “consolidated senior secured net leverage” ratio not exceeding 2.75:1.00, in each case subject to certain conditions. Consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio is defined for this purpose as the proportion of our total debt reduced by unrestricted cash, including guarantees and letters of credit, that is secured by our or any of our subsidiaries’ assets, over our trailing twelve months net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring, share-based compensation and other miscellaneous charges. Under Term Loan B, we must maintain a “consolidated net leverage” ratio of no more than 4:1 at the end of each financial quarter. Consolidated net leverage ratio is defined for this purpose as the proportion of our total debt reduced by unrestricted cash, including guarantees and letters of credit, over our trailing twelve months net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring, share-based compensation and other miscellaneous charges. As of June 30, 2020 , our consolidated net leverage ratio was 2.0 :1. Revolver On October 31, 2019, we amended our committed revolving credit facility (the Revolver) to increase the total commitments under the Revolver from $450 million to $750 million as well as to extend the maturity from May 5, 2022 to October 31, 2024. Borrowings under the Revolver are secured by a first charge over substantially all of our assets, on a pari passu basis with Term Loan B. The Revolver has no fixed repayment date prior to the end of the term. Borrowings under the Revolver bear interest per annum at a floating rate of LIBOR plus a fixed margin dependent on our consolidated net leverage 67 ratio ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% . As of June 30, 2020 , the outstanding balance on the Revolver bears an interest rate of 1.94% . For more information regarding the impact of LIBOR, see "-Stress in the global financial system may adversely affect our finances and operations in ways that may be hard to predict or to defend against" included within Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. During the second quarter of Fiscal 2020, we drew down $750 million from the Revolver to partially fund the acquisition of Carbonite. In February 2020, we repaid $750 million drawn under the Revolver with a portion of the proceeds from the Senior Notes 2030 and Senior Notes 2028. In March 2020, we drew down $600 million from the Revolver as a preemptive measure in order to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of current uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The proceeds from the $600 million draw down are presented within cash and cash equivalents and within the current portion of long-term debt in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2020 . Under the Revolver, we must maintain a “consolidated net leverage” ratio of no more than 4:1 at the end of each financial quarter. Consolidated net leverage ratio is defined for this purpose as the proportion of our total debt reduced by unrestricted cash, including guarantees and letters of credit, over our trailing twelve months net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring, share-based compensation and other miscellaneous charges. As of June 30, 2020 , our consolidated net leverage ratio was 2.0 :1. As of June 30, 2020 , we have $600 million outstanding balance on the Revolver ( June 30, 2019 — nil ) and $150 million remains available to be drawn. As of June 30, 2019 , we had no outstanding balance on the Revolver. There was no activity during the year ended June 30, 2019 . For further details relating to our debt, please see note 11 "Long-Term Debt" to our Consolidated Financial Statements . Shelf Registration Statement On November 29, 2019, we filed a universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which became effective automatically (the Shelf Registration Statement). The Shelf Registration Statement allows for primary and secondary offerings from time to time of equity, debt and other securities, including Common Shares, Preference Shares, debt securities, depositary shares, warrants, purchase contracts, units and subscription receipts. A base shelf short-form prospectus qualifying the distribution of such securities was concurrently filed with Canadian securities regulators on November 29, 2019. The type of securities and the specific terms thereof will be determined at the time of any offering and will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement to be filed separately with the SEC and Canadian securities regulators. Pensions As of June 30, 2020 , our total unfunded pension plan obligations were $75.8 million , of which $2.7 million is payable within the next twelve months. We expect to be able to make the long-term and short-term payments related to these obligations in the normal course of operations. Our anticipated payments under our most significant plans, Open Text Document Technologies GmbH (CDT), GXS GmbH ( GXS GER ), GXS Philippines, Inc. ( GXS PHP ), for the fiscal years indicated below are as follows: Fiscal years ending June 30, CDT GXS GER GXS PHP 2021 $ 777 $ 943 $ 115 2022 839 971 403 2023 934 971 213 2024 1,037 978 282 2025 1,082 1,006 339 2026 to 2030 6,209 4,934 2,907 Total $ 10,878 $ 9,803 $ 4,259 For a detailed discussion on pensions, see note 12 "Pension Plans and Other Post Retirement Benefits" to our Consolidated Financial Statements . 68 Commitments and Contractual Obligations As of June 30, 2020 , we have entered the following contractual obligations with minimum payments for the indicated fiscal periods as follows: Payments due between Total July 1, 2020 - June 30, 2021 July 1, 2021 - June 30, 2023 July 1, 2023 - June 30, 2025 July 1, 2025 and beyond Long-term debt obligations (1) $ 4,668,943 $ 150,929 $ 301,274 $ 1,226,553 $ 2,990,187 Operating lease obligations (2) 308,609 71,577 105,177 59,198 72,657 Purchase obligations for contracts not accounted for as lease obligations 108,572 47,489 61,083 — — $ 5,086,124 $ 269,995 $ 467,534 $ 1,285,751 $ 3,062,844 (1) Includes interest up to maturity and principal payments. Excludes $600 million currently drawn on the Revolver, which we expect to repay within one year. Please see note 11 "Long-Term Debt" to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more details. (2) Represents the undiscounted future minimum lease payments under our operating leases liabilities and excludes sublease income expected to be received under our various sublease agreements with third parties. Please see note 6 "Leases" to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more details. Guarantees and Indemnifications We have entered into customer agreements which may include provisions to indemnify our customers against third party claims that our software products or services infringe certain third party intellectual property rights and for liabilities related to a breach of our confidentiality obligations. We have not made any material payments in relation to such indemnification provisions and have not accrued any liabilities related to these indemnification provisions in our Consolidated Financial Statements . Occasionally, we enter into financial guarantees with third parties in the ordinary course of our business, including, among others, guarantees relating to taxes and letters of credit on behalf of parties with whom we conduct business. Such agreements have not had a material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Litigation We are currently involved in various claims and legal proceedings. Quarterly, we review the status of each significant legal matter and evaluate such matters to determine how they should be treated for accounting and disclosure purposes in accordance with the requirements of ASC Topic 450-20 "Loss Contingencies" (Topic 450-20). Specifically, this evaluation process includes the centralized tracking and itemization of the status of all our disputes and litigation items, discussing the nature of any litigation and claim, including any dispute or claim that is reasonably likely to result in litigation, with relevant internal and external counsel, and assessing the progress of each matter in light of its merits and our experience with similar proceedings under similar circumstances. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss in accordance with Topic 450-20. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K , the aggregate of such accrued liabilities was not material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations and we do not believe as of the date of this filing that it is reasonably possible that a loss exceeding the amounts already recognized will be incurred that would be material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. As more fully described below, we are unable at this time to estimate a possible loss or range of losses in respect of certain disclosed matters. 69 Contingencies IRS Matter As we have previously disclosed, the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is examining certain of our tax returns for our fiscal year ended June 30, 2010 (Fiscal 2010) through our fiscal year ended June 30, 2012 (Fiscal 2012), and in connection with those examinations is reviewing our internal reorganization in Fiscal 2010 to consolidate certain intellectual property ownership in Luxembourg and Canada and our integration of certain acquisitions into the resulting structure. We also previously disclosed that the examinations may lead to proposed adjustments to our taxes that may be material, individually or in the aggregate, and that we have not recorded any material accruals for any such potential adjustments in our Consolidated Financial Statements . We previously disclosed that, as part of these examinations, on July 17, 2015 we received from the IRS an initial Notice of Proposed Adjustment (NOPA) in draft form, that, as revised by the IRS on July 11, 2018 proposes a one-time approximately $335 million increase to our U.S. federal taxes arising from the reorganization in Fiscal 2010 (the 2010 NOPA), plus penalties equal to 20% of the additional proposed taxes for Fiscal 2010, and interest at the applicable statutory rate published by the IRS. On July 11, 2018 , we also received, consistent with previously disclosed expectations, a draft NOPA proposing a one time approximately $80 million increase to our U.S. federal taxes for Fiscal 2012 (the 2012 NOPA) arising from the integration of Global 360 Holding Corp. into the structure that resulted from the internal reorganization in Fiscal 2010, plus penalties equal to 40% of the additional proposed taxes for Fiscal 2012, and interest. On January 7, 2019, we received from the IRS official notification of proposed adjustments to our taxable income for Fiscal 2010 and Fiscal 2012, together with the 2010 NOPA and 2012 NOPA in final form. In each case, such documentation was as expected and on substantially the same terms as provided for in the previously disclosed respective draft NOPAs, with the exception of an additional proposed penalty as part of the 2012 NOPA. A NOPA is an IRS position and does not impose an obligation to pay tax. We continue to strongly disagree with the IRS’ positions within the NOPAs and we are vigorously contesting the proposed adjustments to our taxable income, along with any proposed penalties and interest. As of our receipt of the final 2010 NOPA and 2012 NOPA, our estimated potential aggregate liability, as proposed by the IRS, including additional state income taxes plus penalties and interest that may be due, was approximately $770 million , comprised of approximately $455 million in U.S. federal and state taxes, approximately $130 million of penalties, and approximately $185 million of interest. Interest will continue to accrue at the applicable statutory rates until the matter is resolved and may be substantial. As previously disclosed and noted above, we strongly disagree with the IRS’ positions and we are vigorously contesting the proposed adjustments to our taxable income, along with the proposed penalties and interest. We are pursuing various alternatives available to taxpayers to contest the proposed adjustments, including currently through IRS Appeals and potentially U.S. Federal court. Any such alternatives could involve a lengthy process and result in the incurrence of significant expenses. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K , we have not recorded any material accruals in respect of these examinations in our Consolidated Financial Statements . An adverse outcome of these tax examinations could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. For additional information regarding the history of this IRS matter, please see note 14 "Guarantees and Contingencies" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for Fiscal 2018. CRA Matter As part of its ongoing audit of our Canadian tax returns, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) has disputed our transfer pricing methodology used for certain intercompany transactions with our international subsidiaries and has issued notices of reassessment for Fiscal 2012, Fiscal 2013, Fiscal 2014 and Fiscal 2015. Assuming the utilization of available tax attributes (further described below), we estimate our potential aggregate liability, as of June 30, 2020 , in connection with the CRA's reassessments for Fiscal 2012, Fiscal 2013, Fiscal 2014 and Fiscal 2015 to be limited to penalties and interest that may be due of approximately $44 million . The notices of reassessment for Fiscal 2012, Fiscal 2013, Fiscal 2014 and Fiscal 2015 would, as drafted, increase our taxable income by approximately $90 million to $100 million for each of those years, as well as impose a 10% penalty on the proposed adjustment to income. We strongly disagree with the CRA's positions and believe the reassessments of Fiscal 2012, Fiscal 2013, Fiscal 2014 and Fiscal 2015 (including any penalties) are without merit. We have filed notices of objection for Fiscal 2012, Fiscal 2013 and Fiscal 2014, and we will be filing a notice of objection for Fiscal 2015 shortly. We are currently seeking competent authority consideration under applicable international treaties in respect of these reassessments. 70 Even if we are unsuccessful in challenging the CRA's reassessments to increase our taxable income for Fiscal 2012, Fiscal 2013, Fiscal 2014 and Fiscal 2015, or potential reassessments that may be proposed for subsequent years currently under audit, we have elective deductions available for those years (including carry-backs from later years) that would offset such increased amounts so that no additional cash tax would be payable, exclusive of any assessed penalties and interest, as described above. We will continue to vigorously contest the proposed adjustments to our taxable income and any penalty and interest assessments. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K , we have not recorded any accruals in respect of these reassessments in our Consolidated Financial Statements . Audits by the CRA of our tax returns for fiscal years prior to Fiscal 2012 have been completed with no reassessment of our income tax liability in respect of our international transactions, including the transfer pricing methodology applied to them. The CRA is currently auditing Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2017. We are engaged in ongoing discussions with the CRA and continue to vigorously contest the CRA's audit positions. GXS India Matter Our Indian subsidiary, GXS India Technology Centre Private Limited (GXS India), is subject to potential assessments by Indian tax authorities in the city of Bangalore. GXS India has received assessment orders from the Indian tax authorities alleging that the transfer price applied to intercompany transactions was not appropriate. Based on advice from our tax advisors, we believe that the facts that the Indian tax authorities are using to support their assessment are incorrect. We have filed appeals and anticipate an eventual settlement with the Indian tax authorities. We have accrued $1.2 million to cover our anticipated financial exposure in this matter. Carbonite Class Action Complaint On August 1, 2019, prior to our acquisition of Carbonite, a purported stockholder of Carbonite filed a putative class action complaint against Carbonite, its former Chief Executive Officer, Mohamad S. Ali, and its former Chief Financial Officer, Anthony Folger, in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts captioned Ruben A. Luna, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated v. Carbonite, Inc., Mohamad S. Ali, and Anthony Folger (No. 1:19-cv-11662-LTS). The complaint alleges violations of the federal securities laws under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint generally alleges that the defendants made materially false and misleading statements in connection with Carbonite’s Server Backup VM Edition, and seeks, among other things, the designation of the action as a class action, an award of unspecified compensatory damages, costs and expenses, including counsel fees and expert fees, and other relief as the court deems appropriate. On August 23, 2019, a nearly identical complaint was filed in the same court captioned William Feng, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated v. Carbonite, Inc., Mohamad S. Ali, and Anthony Folger (No. 1:19- cv-11808-LTS) (together with the Luna Complaint, the “Securities Actions”). On November 21, 2019, the court consolidated the Securities Actions, appointed a lead plaintiff, and designated a lead counsel. On January 15, 2020, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated amended complaint generally making the same allegations and seeking the same relief as the complaint filed on August 1, 2019. The defendants moved to dismiss the Securities Actions on March 10, 2020. The motion was fully briefed in June 2020 and awaits the court's decision. In light of, among other things, the early stage of the litigation, we are unable to predict the outcome of this action and are unable to reasonably estimate the amount or range of loss, if any, that could result from this proceeding. Carbonite vs Realtime Data On February 27, 2017, prior to our acquisition of Carbonite, a non-practicing entity named Realtime Data LLC (“Realtime Data”) filed a lawsuit against Carbonite in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas "Realtime Data LLC v. Carbonite, Inc. et al (No 6:17-cv-00121-RWS-JDL)", alleging that certain of Carbonite’s cloud storage services infringe upon certain patents held by Realtime Data. Realtime Data’s complaint against Carbonite sought damages in an unspecified amount and injunctive relief. On December 19, 2017, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas transferred the case to the U.S District Court for the District of Massachusetts (No. 1:17-cv-12499). Realtime Data has also filed numerous other patent suits on the asserted patents against other companies around the country. In one of those suits, filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, the Delaware Court on July 29, 2019 dismissed the lawsuit after declaring invalid three of the four patents asserted by Realtime Data against Carbonite. By way of Order dated August 19, 2019, the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts stayed the action against Carbonite pending appeal of the dismissal in the Delaware lawsuit. As to the fourth patent, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office Patent Trial and Appeal Board on September 24, 2019 invalidated certain claims of that patent. No trial date has been set in the action against Carbonite. The Company is defending Carbonite vigorously. We have not accrued a loss contingency related to this matter because litigation related to a non-practicing entity is inherently unpredictable. Although a loss is reasonably possible, an unfavorable outcome is not considered by management to be probable at this time and we remain unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of loss associated with this litigation. 71 Please also see Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K . Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not enter into off-balance sheet financing as a matter of practice, except for guarantees relating to taxes and letters of credit on behalf of parties with whom we conduct business.