NETSCOUT SYSTEMS INC 10-K

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures As of March 31, 2025, NetScout, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2025 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that material information relating to NetScout, including its consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed by NetScout in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2025. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework in 2013. Based on our assessment, we concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2025. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2025 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in Item 8 herein. 53 Table of Contents Item 9B. Other Information Insider Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements: During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408, except as described in the table below: Name & Title Date Adopted Character of Trading Arrangement (1) Aggregate Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Purchased or Sold Pursuant to Trading Arrangement Duration (2) Date Terminated John Downing , Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales February 21, 2025 Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement Up to 24,000 shares to be sold February 27, 2026 N/A (1) Each trading arrangement marked as a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement” is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c), as amended (the “Rule”). (2) Represents the expiration date of the Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement.. Pursuant to the terms of the Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement, the Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement may terminate earlier upon the occurrence of certain events. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Not applicable. 54 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information required by this Item 10 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference. We have adopted a written code of business conduct that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The code of business conduct and ethics is available on our corporate website at ir.netscout.com under the section entitled "Governance Overview & Related Materials" in the "Corporate Governance" menu. If we make any substantive amendments to our code of business conduct or grant any of our directors or executive officers any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of our code of business conduct and ethics, we will disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on our website or in a Current Report on Form 8-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this Item 11 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by this Item 12 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required by this Item 13 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required by this Item 14 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference. 55 Table of Contents PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) 1. Consolidated Financial Statements. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238) F- 2 Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2025 and 2024 F- 5 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 F- 6 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 F- 7 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 F- 8 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 F- 9 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F- 10 2. Financial Statement Schedule. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 S- 1 No other financial statement schedules have been included because they are either not applicable or the information is in the consolidated financial statements. 3. Exhibits listed in the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report. (b) We hereby file as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the exhibits listed in Item 15(a)(3) above. (c) We hereby file as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the financial statement schedule listed in Item 15(a)(2) above. 56 NetScout Systems, Inc. Index to Exhibits 3.1, 4.1 Composite conformed copy of Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NetScout (as amended) (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to NetScout’s current report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on September 21, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). 3.2, 4.2 Amended and Restated By-laws of NetScout (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to NetScout’s current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 11, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference). 4.3 Specimen Certificate for shares of NetScout’s Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2001, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 29, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference). 4.4 Description of Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to NetScout's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 20, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.1* Form of Amended and Restated Indemnification Agreement between NetScout and each director and executive officer filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2013, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed January 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.2 Lease between Arturo J. Gutierrez and John A. Cataldo, Trustees of Nashoba Westford Realty Trust, u/d/t dated April 27, 2000 and recorded with the Middlesex North Registry of Deeds in Book 10813, Page 38 and NetScout for Westford Technology Park West, as amended (filed as Exhibit 10.26 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2001, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 29, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.3* Agreement Relating to Employment, dated January 3, 2007, by and between NetScout and Anil K. Singhal (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to NetScout’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on January 5, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.4* Amendment No. 1, dated February 2, 2007, to Agreement Relating to Employment by and between the Company and Anil K. Singhal (filed as exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2006, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed February 5, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.5* Amendment No. 2, dated December 22, 2008, to Agreement Relating to Employment by and between the Company and Anil K. Singhal (filed as exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2008, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed February 6, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.6* Amendment No. 3, dated May 28, 2012, to Agreement Relating to Employment, by and between the Company and Anil K. Singhal (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to NetScout’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 1, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.7* Form of Amended and Restated Severance Agreement for Executive Officers (other than the CEO) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 1, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.8* Transition agreement, dated May 7, 2025 by and between the Company and Jean Bua (filed herewith). 10.9* Transition agreement, dated May 7, 2025 by and between the Company and Michael Szabados (filed herewith). 10.10* Offer Letter, dated May 7, 2025, by and between the Company and Anthony Piazza (filed herewith). 10.11* Offer Letter, dated May 7, 2025, by and between the Company and Sanjay Munshi (filed herewith). 57 10.12 Third Amendment Agreement, dated August 10, 2010, to that certain Lease, dated August 17, 2000, as amended, between the Company and Westford West I Limited Partnership, as successor to Arturo J. Gutierrez and John A. Cataldo, Trustees of Nashoba Westford Realty Trust, u/d/t dated April 27, 2000 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2010, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed November 9, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.13* NetScout Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to NetScout’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, SEC File No. 333-267069, filed on August 25, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.1 4 * Form of Amendment to Amended and Restated Severance Agreement for Executive Officers (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2014, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on January 27, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.15 Third Amendment and Restatement Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2024, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2021, by and among NetScout Systems, Inc., as borrower; certain subsidiaries of NetScout Systems, Inc., as loan parties; the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent attaching the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2024, by and among NetScout Systems, Inc., as borrower; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., RBC Capital Markets, PNC Capital Markets LLC and Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners; TD Bank, N.A. and Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company, as co-documentation agents; and the lenders and issuing banks party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout's current report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on October 4, 2024). 10.16* Summary of Non-Employee Director Compensation (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to NetScout's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on November 4, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference. 10.1 7 * NetScout Systems, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to NetScout’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, SEC File No. 333-282184, filed on September 17, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.18* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with respect to the NetScout Systems, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (filed herewith). 10.19* Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award with respect to the NetScout Systems, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on August 5, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference). 19 NetScout Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated Insider Trading and Window (filed herewith). 21 Subsidiaries of NetScout (filed herewith). 23 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (filed herewith). 31.1 Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 31.2 Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 32.1 † Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). 32.2 † Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). 97 NetScout Systems, Inc. Executive Compensation Recovery Policy (filed as Exhibit 97 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 16, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference). 101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. 58 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. 104 The cover page from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 formatted in Inline XBRL * Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. † Exhibit has been furnished, is not deemed filed and is not to be incorporated by reference into any of the Company's filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in any such filing Item 16. Form 10-K Summary Not provided. 59 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. NETSCOUT SYSTEMS, INC. By: / S / A NIL K. S INGHAL Anil K. Singhal President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman Date: May 15, 2025 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title(s) Date / S / A NIL K. S INGHAL President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) May 15, 2025 Anil K. Singhal / S / J EAN B UA Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) May 15, 2025 Jean Bua / S / M ICHAEL S ZABADOS Chief Operating Officer and Vice Chairman May 15, 2025 Michael Szabados / S / R OBERT E. D ONAHUE Director May 15, 2025 Robert E. Donahue / S / J OHN R. E GAN Director May 15, 2025 John R. Egan / S / A LFRED G RASSO Director May 15, 2025 Alfred Grasso / S / J OSEPH G. H ADZIMA , J R . Director May 15, 2025 Joseph G. Hadzima, Jr. / S / S HANNON N ASH Director May 15, 2025 Shannon Nash / S / M ARLENE P ELAGE Director May 15, 2025 Marlene Pelage / S / C HRISTOPHER P ERRETTA Director May 15, 2025 Christopher Perretta / S / V IVIAN V ITALE Director May 15, 2025 Vivian Vitale 60 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238 ) F- 2 Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2025 and 2024 F- 5 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 F- 6 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 F- 7 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 F- 8 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 F- 9 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F- 10 F-1 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of NetScout Systems, Inc. Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NetScout Systems, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income (loss), of stockholders' equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2025, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2025 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Basis for Opinions The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. F-2 Table of Contents Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. Interim Goodwill Impairment Assessment As described in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has one reporting unit and the goodwill balance was $1.1 billion as of March 31, 2025. Goodwill is tested by management for impairment at the reporting unit level annually, as of January 31, and on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change (a “triggering event”) that would indicate the fair value of the reporting unit is below its carrying value. As a result of a continued decrease in the Company's stock price and overall market capitalization during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, along with other qualitative considerations including the continued impact from the conditions in the macroeconomic environment, management determined a triggering event occurred, indicating goodwill may be impaired. Accordingly, management performed a quantitative impairment test of goodwill as of June 30, 2024, which resulted in a goodwill impairment charge of $427 million. Management estimated the implied fair value of the reporting unit using a market approach. As disclosed by management, the key assumption in the market approach was the company-specific control premium. The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the interim goodwill impairment assessment is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value estimate of the reporting unit; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management's company-specific control premium significant assumption; and (iii) the audit effort involved in the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge. Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management's goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation of the reporting unit. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management's process for developing the fair value estimate of the reporting unit; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the market approach used by management; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the market approach; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumption used by management related to the company-specific control premium. Evaluating management's assumption related to the company-specific control premium involved evaluating whether the assumption used by management was reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the reporting unit; (ii) the synergies which a market participant could achieve; (iii) the consistency with external market and industry data; and (iv) whether the assumption was consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating (i) the appropriateness of the market approach and (ii) the reasonableness of the company-specific control premium assumption. Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Identification of Distinct Performance Obligations As described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company derives revenues primarily from the sale of network management tools and cybersecurity solutions for service provider and enterprise customers, which include hardware, software and service offerings. Customer contracts may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized revenue from contracts with customers of $822.7 million. The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue from contracts with customers - identification of distinct performance obligations is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management in determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation and (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management's identification of distinct performance obligations. F-3 Table of Contents Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process, including controls over the identification of distinct performance obligations. These procedures also included, among others, for a sample of contracts, (i) reading the executed contract to understand the terms and conditions and (ii) evaluating management's identification of the performance obligations. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Boston, Massachusetts May 15, 2025 We have served as the Company's auditor since 1993. F-4 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands, except share and per share data) March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 457,415 $ 389,674 Marketable securities and investments 34,058 33,459 Accounts receivable and unbilled costs, net of allowance for doubtful accounts o f $ 214 and $ 479 at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively 163,654 192,096 Inventories and deferred costs 12,891 14,095 Prepaid income taxes 13,380 11,076 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 31,786 32,094 Total current assets 713,184 672,494 Fixed assets, net 21,529 26,487 Operating lease right-of-use assets 37,717 42,486 Goodwill 1,076,383 1,502,820 Intangible assets, net 258,690 308,659 Deferred income taxes 66,294 30,767 Long-term marketable securities 1,004 994 Other assets 11,777 10,595 Total assets $ 2,186,578 $ 2,595,302 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 18,208 $ 14,506 Accrued compensation 56,696 51,362 Accrued other 19,397 14,665 Income taxes payable 883 764 Deferred revenue and customer deposits 301,753 301,806 Current portion of operating lease liabilities 10,995 11,979 Total current liabilities 407,932 395,082 Other long-term liabilities 8,210 7,055 Deferred tax liability 2,643 4,374 Accrued long-term retirement benefits 27,379 28,413 Long-term deferred revenue and customer deposits 147,510 130,212 Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion 32,509 38,101 Long-term debt — 100,000 Total liabilities 626,183 703,237 Commitments and contingencies (Note 19 ) Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stoc k, $ 0.001 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2025 and 2024 — — Common st ock, $ 0.001 par value: 300,000,000 shares authorized; 134,038,262 and 131,316,309 shares issued and 72,060,237 and 71,404,216 shares outstanding at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively 134 131 Additional paid-in capital 3,255,333 3,181,366 Accumulated other comprehensive income 4,073 3,572 Treasury stock a t cost, 61,978,025 and 59,912,093 shares at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively ( 1,654,702 ) ( 1,615,483 ) (Accumulated deficit) Retained earnings ( 44,443 ) 322,479 Total stockholders' equity 1,560,395 1,892,065 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 2,186,578 $ 2,595,302 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-5 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations (In thousands, except per share data) Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Revenue: Product $ 359,894 $ 360,444 $ 450,793 Service 462,785 469,011 463,737 Total revenue 822,679 829,455 914,530 Cost of revenue: Product 57,463 64,057 94,868 Service 121,272 123,355 128,230 Total cost of revenue 178,735 187,412 223,098 Gross profit 643,944 642,043 691,432 Operating expenses: Research and development 152,864 161,213 176,173 Sales and marketing 268,051 270,979 276,913 General and administrative 96,724 95,886 103,510 Amortization of acquired intangible assets 46,440 50,337 55,390 Restructuring charges 20,500 — 1,782 Goodwill impairment 426,967 217,260 — Gain on divestiture of a business — ( 3,806 ) — Total operating expenses 1,011,546 791,869 613,768 Income (loss) from operations ( 367,602 ) ( 149,826 ) 77,664 Interest and other income (expense), net: Interest income 10,736 9,602 4,923 Interest expense ( 7,160 ) ( 8,651 ) ( 10,248 ) Other income (expense), net ( 1,768 ) 4,365 ( 3,924 ) Total interest and other income (expense), net 1,808 5,316 ( 9,249 ) Income (loss) before income tax expense ( 365,794 ) ( 144,510 ) 68,415 Income tax expense 1,128 3,224 8,767 Net income (loss) $ ( 366,922 ) $ ( 147,734 ) $ 59,648 Basic net income (loss) per share $ ( 5.12 ) $ ( 2.07 ) $ 0.83 Diluted net income (loss) per share $ ( 5.12 ) $ ( 2.07 ) $ 0.82 Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing: Net income (loss) per share—basic 71,627 71,474 71,781 Net income (loss) per share—diluted 71,627 71,474 73,046 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-6 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Inco me (Loss) (In thousands) Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Net in come (loss) $ ( 366,922 ) $ ( 147,734 ) $ 59,648 Other comprehensive income (loss) : Cumulative translation adjustments ( 327 ) ( 113 ) ( 270 ) Recognition of actuarial net gains (losses) from pension and other post-retirement plans, net of tax (benefit) of $ 277 , ($ 823 ), and $ 2,448 653 ( 1,937 ) 5,759 Changes in market value of investments: Changes in unrealized gains (losses), net of tax (benefit) of $ 9 , ($ 15 ), and $ 14 27 ( 45 ) 42 Total net change in market value of investments 27 ( 45 ) 42 Changes in market value of derivatives: Changes in market value of derivatives, net of benefit of $ 35 , $ 9 , and $ 116 ( 114 ) ( 24 ) ( 361 ) Reclassification adjustment for net gain (loss) included in net income (loss), net of tax (benefit) of $ 83 , ($ 15 ), and $ 137 262 ( 47 ) 427 Total net change in market value of derivatives 148 ( 71 ) 66 Other comprehensive income (loss) 501 ( 2,166 ) 5,597 Total comprehensive inco me (loss) $ ( 366,421 ) $ ( 149,900 ) $ 65,245 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-7 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (In thousands, except share data) Common stock Voting Additional Paid In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Treasury stock (Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings Total Stockholders' Equity Shares Par Value Shares Stated Value Balance, March 31, 2022 126,425,383 $ 126 $ 3,023,403 $ 141 52,323,090 $ ( 1,373,840 ) $ 410,565 $ 2,060,395 Net income 59,648 59,648 Unrealized net investment gains 42 42 Unrealized net gains on derivative financial instruments 66 66 Cumulative translation adjustments ( 270 ) ( 270 ) Recognition of actuarial net gains from pension and other post-retirement plan 5,759 5,759 Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units 1,777,658 2 2 Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees 59,086 59,086 Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan 480,783 14,353 14,353 Repurchase of treasury stock 2,856 5,111,689 ( 172,288 ) ( 169,432 ) Balance, March 31, 2023 128,683,824 128 3,099,698 5,738 57,434,779 ( 1,546,128 ) 470,213 2,029,649 Net loss ( 147,734 ) ( 147,734 ) Unrealized net investment losses ( 45 ) ( 45 ) Unrealized net losses on derivative financial instruments ( 71 ) ( 71 ) Cumulative translation adjustments ( 113 ) ( 113 ) Recognition of actuarial net losses from pension and other post-retirement plan ( 1,937 ) ( 1,937 ) Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units 2,067,558 3 3 Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees 67,973 67,973 Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan 564,927 13,695 13,695 Repurchase of treasury stock 2,477,314 ( 69,355 ) ( 69,355 ) Balance, March 31, 2024 131,316,309 131 3,181,366 3,572 59,912,093 ( 1,615,483 ) 322,479 1,892,065 Net loss ( 366,922 ) ( 366,922 ) Unrealized net investment gains 27 27 Unrealized net gains on derivative financial instruments 148 148 Cumulative translation adjustments ( 327 ) ( 327 ) Recognition of actuarial net gains from pension and other post-retirement plan 653 653 Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units 2,205,063 3 3 Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees 62,558 62,558 Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan 516,890 11,409 11,409 Repurchase of treasury stock 2,065,932 ( 39,219 ) ( 39,219 ) Balance, March 31, 2025 134,038,262 $ 134 $ 3,255,333 $ 4,073 61,978,025 $ ( 1,654,702 ) $ ( 44,443 ) $ 1,560,395 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-8 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss) $ ( 366,922 ) $ ( 147,734 ) $ 59,648 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities, net of the effects of acquisitions: Depreciation and amortization 63,786 74,986 85,918 Loss on extinguishment of debt 1,134 — — Operating lease right-of-use assets 10,405 10,533 10,598 Gain on divestiture of a business — ( 3,806 ) — Loss on disposal of fixed assets 15 303 49 Share-based compensation expense associated with equity awards 64,785 70,799 61,986 Change in fair value of derivative instrument — ( 206 ) 1,380 Goodwill impairment 426,967 217,260 — Deferred income taxes ( 37,567 ) ( 45,949 ) ( 54,032 ) Other gains ( 402 ) ( 5,451 ) ( 1 ) Changes in assets and liabilities Accounts receivable and unbilled costs 28,664 ( 48,376 ) 4,897 Inventories 128 609 9,007 Prepaid expenses and other assets ( 2,284 ) ( 5,835 ) 5,039 Accounts payable 3,240 ( 1,861 ) ( 5,549 ) Accrued compensation and other expenses 20,529 ( 33,704 ) 12,071 Operating lease liabilities ( 12,214 ) ( 11,952 ) ( 11,927 ) Income taxes payable 83 ( 3,620 ) 165 Deferred revenue 17,323 ( 7,185 ) ( 22,599 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 217,670 58,811 156,650 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of marketable securities and investments ( 45,061 ) ( 52,774 ) ( 114,513 ) Proceeds from maturity of marketable securities 44,762 64,728 140,462 Purchase of fixed assets ( 5,407 ) ( 6,362 ) ( 10,484 ) Purchase of intangible assets ( 1,290 ) — ( 161 ) Proceeds from divestiture of a business — 7,766 — Net cash (used in) provided by investin g activities ( 6,996 ) 13,358 15,304 Cash flows from financing activities: Issuance of common stock under stock plans 3 3 2 Treasury stock repurchases, including accelerated share repurchases ( 25,257 ) ( 50,000 ) ( 150,039 ) Tax withholding on restricted stock units ( 13,962 ) ( 19,355 ) ( 19,393 ) Payment of debt issuance costs ( 2,795 ) — — Repayment of long-term debt ( 175,000 ) — ( 250,000 ) Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 75,000 — — Net cash used in financing activities ( 142,011 ) ( 69,352 ) ( 419,430 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents ( 922 ) 63 ( 1,891 ) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 67,741 2,880 ( 249,367 ) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 389,674 386,794 636,161 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 457,415 $ 389,674 $ 386,794 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: Cash paid for interest $ 4,190 $ 6,427 $ 8,063 Cash paid for income taxes $ 41,796 $ 62,318 $ 55,924 Non-cash transactions: Transfers of inventory to fixed assets $ 1,020 $ 1,814 $ 1,371 Additions to property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable $ 461 $ 158 $ 56 Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plans $ 11,409 $ 13,695 $ 14,353 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-9 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements NOTE 1 – NATURE OF BUSINESS NetScout Systems, Inc., or NetScout or the Company, has been a technology innovator for four decades since its founding in 1984. The Company's solutions, based on patented Adaptive Service Intelligence (ASI) technology, help customers identify network and application performance issues, defend their networks from denial of service (DDoS) attacks, and rapidly find and isolate advanced network threats. As a result, customers can quickly resolve issues that cause business disruptions, downtime, poor service quality or compromised security, thereby driving compelling returns on their investments in their network and broader information technology (IT) initiatives. NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NetScout and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Segment Reporting The Company's operating segments are determined based on the units that constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (CODM). The Company's President and CEO is the CODM. Operating results are reviewed by the CODM primarily at the consolidated entity level for the purpose of making resource allocation decisions and for evaluating financial performance, primarily by monitoring actual results compared to forecasted results as well as by reviewing year-over-year results. The Company's CODM evaluates company-wide performance and determines allocation of resources based on multiple performance measures, including, but not limited to net income (loss). The Company has determined it operates as a single operating segment and has one reportable segment which includes product and service revenue related to the sale of enterprise performance management, carrier service assurance, cybersecurity, and DDoS protection solutions. The Company's results for the one reportable segment are the same as presented in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and there is no expense information that is supplemental to those disclosed in these consolidated financial statements, that are regularly provided to the CODM. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as total assets. Segment asset information is not used by the CODM to allocate resources. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in these financial statements include those involving revenue recognition, valuation of goodwill and acquired assets and liabilities, valuation of the pension obligation, valuation of a derivative instrument, valuation of contingent consideration and share-based compensation. These items are continuously monitored and analyzed by management for changes in facts and circumstances and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. Global and Macroeconomic Conditions The Company continues to closely monitor the current global and macroeconomic conditions, including the impacts of the ongoing war in Ukraine and hostilities in the Middle East, global geopolitical tension, stock market volatility, industry-specific capital spending trends, exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, interest rates, international trade relations (including trade protection measures, such as tariffs and other trade barriers), and the risk of a recession, including the manner and extent to which they have impacted and could continue to impact its business, customers, employees, supply chain, and distribution network. The full extent of the impacts of these global and macroeconomic trends remain uncertain. It is possible that the measures taken by the governments of countries affected and the resulting economic impacts may materially and adversely affect the Company's future results of operations, cash flows and financial position as well as its customers. F-10 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) The Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The macroeconomic environment remains challenging with constrained customer spending and the Company expects this to persist during fiscal year 2026. The Company has taken and continues to take precautionary actions to manage costs and increase productivity across the organization. This includes managing discretionary spending and hiring activities. In addition, based on covenant levels, the Company had as of March 31, 2025 an incremental $ 600 million available under the revolving credit facility. The Company expects net cash provided by operations combined with cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments and borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility to provide sufficient liquidity to fund current obligations, capital spending, debt service requirements and working capital requirements over at least the next twelve months. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities Under authoritative guidance, NetScout has classified its investments as "available-for-sale" which are carried at fair value associated unrealized gains or losses are recorded as a separate component of stockholders' equity until realized. NetScout considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents and those investments with original maturities greater than three months to be marketable securities. At March 31, 2025 and periodically throughout the year, NetScout has maintained cash balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits. NetScout limits the amount of credit exposure by investing only with credit worthy institutions which the Company believes are those institutions with an investment grade rating for deposits. Revenue Recognition The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). For further discussion of the Company's accounting policies related to revenue see Note 3, "Revenue Recognition." Commission Expense Sales commissions are recorded as an asset when the initial contract's duration is longer than 12 months and amortized to expense ratably over the remaining performance periods of the related contracts. Uncollected Deferred Revenue Because of NetScout's revenue recognition policies, there are circumstances for which the Company does not recognize revenue relating to sales transactions that have been billed, but the related account receivable has not been collected. While the receivable represents an enforceable obligation, the Company does not believe its right to payment is unconditional, therefore for balance sheet presentation purposes, the Company has not recognized the deferred revenue or the related account receivable and no amounts appear in the consolidated balance sheets for such transactions because control of the underlying deliverable has not transferred. The aggregate amount of unrecognized accounts receivable and deferred revenue was $ 5.5 million and $ 5.9 million at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of investments, trade accounts receivable and accounts payable. NetScout's cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities are placed with financial institutions with high credit standings. At March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, the Company had no direct customers or indirect channel partners wh ich accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, no direct customers or indirect channel partners accounted for more than 10% of the Company's total revenue. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, one direct customer, Verizon, accounted for more than 10% of the Company's total revenue, while no indirect channel partners accounted for more tha n 10% of the Company's total revenue. Historically, the Company has not experienced any significant failure of its customers to meet their payment obligations nor does the Company anticipate material non-performance by its customers in the future; accordingly, the Company does not F-11 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) require collateral from its customers. However, if the Company’s assumptions are incorrect, there could be an adverse impact on its allowance for doubtful accounts. Trade Receivable Valuations Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value. The allowance against gross trade receivables reflects the best estimate of probable losses inherent in the receivables portfolio determined on the basis of historical experience, specific allowances for known troubled accounts and other currently available information. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of actual cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Fixed Assets Fixed assets are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or anticipated useful life of the improvement. Gains and losses upon asset disposal are recognized in the year of disposition. Expenditures for replacements and building improvements are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged against earnings as incurred. Leases The Company has operating leases for administrative, research and development, sales and marketing and manufacturing facilities and equipment under various non-cancelable lease agreements. Lease commencement occurs on the date the Company takes possession or control of the property or equipment. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease where it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. The Company considers several economic factors when making this determination, including but not limited to, the significance of leasehold improvements incurred in the office space, the difficulty in replacing the asset, underlying contractual obligations, or specific characteristics unique to a particular lease. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. For further discussion of the Company's policies related to leases see Note 18, "Leases." Valuation of Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Company amortizes acquired definite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill is not amortized but subjected to annual impairment tests; or more frequently if events or circumstances occur (a "Triggering Event") that would indicate the fair value of its reporting unit is below its carrying value. The Company performs the goodwill impairment assessment annually during the fourth quarter and on an interim basis if potential impairment indicators arise. Reporting units are determined based on the components of a Company's operating segments that constitute a business for which financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by segment management. The Company has one reporting unit. To test impairment for long-lived assets, including tangible and definite-lived intangible assets, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the long-lived assets are impaired. If, based on the Company's qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that the fair value of the long-lived assets are less than its carrying amount, quantitative impairment testing is required. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, quantitative impairment testing is not required. Capitalized Software Development Costs Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company's products are expensed as incurred, except for certain software development costs. Costs associated with the development of computer software are expensed prior to the establishment of technological feasibility and capitalized thereafter until the related software products are available for first customer shipment. Such costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the product, which generally does not exceed three years . Capitalized software development costs are periodically assessed for recoverability in the event of changes to the anticipated future revenue for the software products or changes in product technologies. Unamortized capitalized software development costs that are determined to be in excess of the net realizable value of the software products would be expensed in the period in which such a determination is made. F-12 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) Typically for accounting purposes, these R&D investments have not been capitalized because of the development methodology employed. The developments are added individually to the core code over a shorter period of time but marketed as a release once all portions are complete. Derivative Financial Instruments Under authoritative guidance for derivative financial instruments and hedging activities, all hedging activities must be documented at the inception of the hedge and must meet the definition of highly effective in offsetting changes to future cash flows in order for the derivative to qualify for hedge accounting. Under the guidance, if an instrument qualifies for hedge accounting, the changes in the fair value each period for open contracts, measured at the end of the period, are recorded to other comprehensive income. Otherwise, changes in the fair value are recorded in earnings each period. Management must perform initial and ongoing tests in order to qualify for hedge accounting. In accordance with the guidance, the Company accounts for its instruments under hedge accounting. The effectiveness and a measurement of ineffectiveness of qualifying hedge contracts are assessed by the Company quarterly. The Company records the fair value of its derivatives in prepaid expenses and other current assets and accrued other in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The effective portion of gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of qualifying hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) until the forecasted transaction occurs, with any ineffective portion classified directly to the Company's consolidated statement of operations based on the expense categories of the items being hedged. When forecasted transactions occur, unrealized gains or losses associated with the effective portion of the hedge are reclassified to the respective expense categories in the Company's consolidated statement of operations. Gains or losses related to hedging activity are included as operating activities in the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows. If the underlying forecasted transactions do not occur, or it becomes probable that they will not occur, the gain or loss on the related cash flow hedge is recognized immediately in earnings. NetScout also periodically enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to manage exchange rate risk associated with certain third-party transactions and for which the Company does not elect hedge accounting treatment as there is no difference in the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedge instrument and the hedged item. Contingencies NetScout accounts for claims and contingencies in accordance with authoritative guidance that requires an estimated loss to be recorded from a claim or loss contingency when information available prior to issuance of its consolidated financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If NetScout determines that it is reasonably possible but not probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred or if the amount of a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, then in accordance with the authoritative guidance, NetScout discloses the amount or range of estimated loss if the amount or range of estimated loss is material. Accounting for claims and contingencies requires NetScout to use its judgment. NetScout consults with legal counsel on those issues related to litigation and seeks input from other experts and advisors with respect to matters in the ordinary course of business. Share-Based Compensation NetScout recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payments granted. Under the fair value recognition provisions, share-based compensation is calculated net of an estimated forfeiture rate and compensation cost is only recognized for those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the expected requisite service period of the award. Foreign Currency NetScout accounts for its reporting of foreign operations in accordance with guidance which establishes guidelines for the determination of the functional currency of foreign subsidiaries. In accordance with the guidance, NetScout has determined its functional currency for those foreign subsidiaries that are an extension of NetScout's U.S. operations to be the U.S. Dollar. Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries operating outside the United States with a functional currency other than U.S. dollars are translated into U.S. dollars using the period-end exchange rate, and income and expense items are translated using the average exchange rate during the period. Cumulative translation adjustments are reflected as a separate component of stockholders' equity. NetScout will experience currency exchange risk with respect to foreign currency denominated expenses. In order to partially offset the risks associated with the effects of certain foreign currency exposures, NetScout has established a program that utilizes foreign currency forward contracts. Under this program, increases or decreases in foreign currency exposures are F-13 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) partially offset by gains or losses on forward contracts, to mitigate the impact of foreign currency transaction gains or losses. The Company does not use forward contracts to engage in currency speculation. All outstanding foreign currency forward contracts are recorded at fair value at the end of each fiscal period. The Company had foreign currency losses of $ 2.0 million, $ 1.9 million and $ 2.8 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts are included in other income (expense), net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Advertising Expense NetScout recognizes advertising expense as incurred. Advertising expense was $ 4.9 million, $ 6.8 million and $ 10.2 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) typically consists of unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities, unrealized gains and losses on hedge contracts, actuarial gains and losses, and foreign currency translation adjustments. Income Taxes NetScout accounts for its income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as the effect of any net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Income tax expense is comprised of the current tax liability or benefit and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. NetScout evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets by considering all positive and negative evidence relating to future profitability. NetScout weighs objective and verifiable evidence more heavily in this analysis. In situations where NetScout concludes that it does not have sufficient objective and verifiable evidence to support the realizability of the deferred tax asset, NetScout creates a valuation allowance against it. Recent Accounting Standards In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (ASU 2024-03). Additionally, in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. ASU 2024-03 provides guidance to expand disclosures related to the disaggregation of income statement expenses. The standard requires, in the notes to the financial statements, disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses which includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization that are included on the face of the statement of income. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2024-03 is effective for NetScout beginning with its fiscal year ending March 31, 2028. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2024-03 will have on its disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments are effective retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. ASU 2023-09 is effective for NetScout beginning April 1, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption ASU 2023-09 will have to the financial statements and related disclosures. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. The disclosures are also required for public entities that have a single reporting segment. The Company adopted the amendments within ASU 2023-07 for fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, on a retrospective basis. The adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures. See "Note 20 - Segment and Geographic Information" for additional required disclosures. F-14 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) NOTE 3 - REVENUE RECOGNITION Revenue Recognition Policy The Company exercises judgment and uses estimates in connection with determining the amounts of product and service revenues to be recognized in each accounting period. The Company derives revenues primarily from the sale of network management tools and cybersecurity solutions for service provider and enterprise customers, which include hardware, software, and service offerings. The Company's product sales consist of software only offerings and offerings which include hardware appliances with embedded software that are essential to providing customers the intended functionality of the solutions. The Company accounts for revenue once a legally enforceable contract with a customer has been approved by the parties and the related promises to transfer products or services have been identified. A contract is defined by the Company as an arrangement with commercial substance identifying payment terms, each party's rights and obligations regarding the products or services to be transferred and the amount the Company deems probable of collection. Customer contracts may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. Revenue is recognized when control of the products or services are transferred to the Company's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for products and services. Product revenue is typically recognized upon fulfillment, provided a legally enforceable contract exists, control has passed to the customer, and in the case of software products, when the customer has the rights and ability to access the software, and collection of the related receivable is probable. If any significant obligations to the customer remain post-delivery, typically involving obligations relating to installation and acceptance by the customer, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been fulfilled. The Company's service offerings include installation, integration, extended warranty and maintenance services, post-contract customer support, stand-ready software-as-a-service (SaaS) and other professional services including consulting and training. The Company generally provides software and/or hardware support as part of product sales. Revenue related to the initial bundled software and hardware support is recognized ratably over the support period. In addition, customers can elect to purchase extended support agreements for periods after the initial software/hardware warranty expiration. Support services generally include rights to unspecified upgrades (when and if available), telephone and internet-based support, updates, bug fixes and hardware repair and replacement. Consulting services are recognized upon delivery or completion of performance depending on the terms of the underlying contract. Reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenditures incurred in connection with providing consulting services are included in services revenue, with the offsetting expense recorded in cost of service revenue. Training services include on-site and classroom training. Training revenues are recognized upon delivery of the training. Generally, the Company's contracts are accounted for individually. However, when contracts are closely interrelated and dependent on each other, it may be necessary to account for two or more contracts as one to reflect the substance of the group of contracts. Bundled arrangements are concurrent customer purchases of a combination of the Company's product and service offerings that may be delivered at various points in time. The Company allocates the transaction price among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative standalone selling prices (SSP) of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for each of the products and services sold, based primarily on the performance obligation's historical pricing. The Company also considers its overall pricing objectives and practices across different sales channels and geographies, and market conditions. Generally, the Company has established SSP for a majority of its service performance obligations based on historical standalone sales. In certain instances, the Company has established SSP for services based upon an estimate of profitability and the underlying cost to fulfill those services. SSP has primarily been established for product performance obligations as the average or median selling price the performance obligation was recently sold for, whether sold alone or sold as part of a bundle transaction. The Company reviews sales of the product performance obligations on a quarterly basis and updates, when appropriate, its SSP for such performance obligations to ensure that it reflects recent pricing experience. The Company's products are distributed through its direct sales force and indirect distribution channels through alliances with resellers and distributors. Revenue arrangements with resellers and distributors are recognized on a sell-in basis; that is, when control of the product transfers to the reseller or distributor. The Company records consideration given to a customer as a reduction of revenue to the extent they have F-15 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) recorded revenue from the customer. With limited exceptions, the Company's return policy does not allow product returns for a refund. Returns have been insignificant to date. In addition, the Company has a history of successfully collecting receivables from its resellers and distributors. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized revenue of $ 293.8 million relat ed to the Company's deferred revenue balance reported at March 31, 2024. Performance Obligations Customer contracts may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. The transaction price is allocated among performance obligations in bundled contracts in an amount that depicts the relative standalone selling prices of each obligation. For contracts involving distinct hardware and software licenses, the performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. For standalone maintenance and post-contract support (PCS) the performance obligation is satisfied ratably over the contract term as a stand-ready obligation. For consulting and training services, the performance obligation may be satisfied over the contract term as a stand-ready obligation, satisfied over a period of time as those services are delivered, satisfied at the completion of the service when control has transferred, or the services have expired unused. Payments for hardware, software licenses, one-year maintenance, PCS and consulting services, are typically due up front with payment terms of 30 to 90 days. However, the Company does have contracts pursuant to which billings occur ratably over a period of years following the transfer of control for the contracted performance obligations. Payments on multi-year maintenance, PCS and consulting services are typically due in annual installments over the contract term. The Company did not have any material variable consideration such as obligations for returns, refunds or warranties at March 31, 2025. At March 31, 2025, the Company had total deferred revenue and customer deposits of $ 449.3 million, which represents the aggregate total contract price allocated to undelivered performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize $ 301.8 million, or 67 %, of this revenue during the next 12 months, and expects to recognize the remaining $ 147.5 million, or 33 %, of this revenue thereafter. NetScout expects that the amount of billed and unbilled deferred revenue will change from quarter to quarter for several reasons, including the specific timing, duration and size of large customer support and service agreements, varying billing cycles of such agreements, the specific timing of customer renewals, and foreign currency fluctuations. The Company did not have material significant financing components, or variable consideration or performance obligations satisfied in a prior period recognized during the twelve months ended March 31, 2025. Contract Balances The Company may receive payments from customers based on billing schedules as established by the Company's contracts. Contract assets relate to performance obligations where control has transferred to the customer in advance of scheduled billings. The Company records unbilled accounts receivable representing the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that have been transferred to a customer conditional on the passage of time. Deferred revenue relates to scenarios where billings with an unconditional right to payment occur before all performance obligations are delivered or payments are received in advance of performance under the contract. Costs to Obtain Contracts The Company has determined that the only significant incremental costs incurred to obtain contracts with customers within the scope of Topic 606 are sales commissions paid to its employees. Sales commissions are recorded as an asset and amortized to expense ratably over the remaining performance periods of the related contracts with remaining performance obligations. The Company expenses costs as incurred for sales commissions when the amortization period would have been one year or less. At March 31, 2025, th e consolidated balance sheet included $ 9.9 million in assets related to sales commissions to be expensed in future periods. A balance of $ 5.4 million was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a balance of $ 4.5 million was included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2025. At March 31, 2024, the consolidated balance sheet included $ 9.3 million in assets related to sales commissions to be expensed in future F-16 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) periods. A balance of $ 4.8 million was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a balance of $ 4.5 million was included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2024. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and 2023, the Company recogni zed $ 7.1 million, $ 6.8 million, and $ 7.0 million of amortization related to this sales commission asset, which is included in the sales and marketing expense line in the Comp any's consolidated statements of operations. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company continually monitors collections from its customers. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable and determines the appropriate allowance for credit losses based on a combination of factors, including but not limited to, analysis of the aging schedules, past due balances, historical collection experience and prevailing economic conditions. The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands): Balance at March 31, 2024 $ 479 Additions resulting in charges to operations 195 Charges (recoveries) to other accounts ( 447 ) Deductions due to write-offs ( 13 ) Balance at March 31, 2025 $ 214 NOTE 4 – CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS Cash and cash equivalents mainly consisted of U.S. government and municipal obligations, commercial pap er, money market instruments and cash maintained with various financial institutions at March 31, 2025 and 2024. Marketable Securities The following is a summary of marketable securities held by the Company at March 31, 2025 classified as short-term and long-term (in thousands): Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains (Losses) Fair Value Type of security: U.S. government and municipal obligations $ 4,413 $ 1 $ 4,414 Commercial paper 17,358 — 17,358 Certificates of deposit 505 — 505 Total short-term marketable securities 22,276 1 22,277 U.S. government and municipal obligations 1,005 ( 1 ) 1,004 Total long-term marketable securities 1,005 ( 1 ) 1,004 Total marketable securities $ 23,281 $ — $ 23,281 F-17 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) The following is a summary of marketable securities held by the Company at March 31, 2024, classified as short-term and long-term (in thousands): Amortized Cost Unrealized Losses Fair Value Type of security: U.S. government and municipal obligations $ 10,523 $ ( 26 ) $ 10,497 Commercial paper 8,648 — 8,648 Certificates of deposit 2,807 — 2,807 Total short-term marketable securities 21,978 ( 26 ) 21,952 U.S. government and municipal obligations 1,004 ( 10 ) 994 Total long-term marketable securities 1,004 ( 10 ) 994 Total marketable securities $ 22,982 $ ( 36 ) $ 22,946 Contractual maturities of the Company's marketable securities held at March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands) were as follows: March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 Available-for-sale securities: Due in 1 year or less $ 22,277 $ 21,952 Due after 1 year through 5 years 1,004 994 $ 23,281 $ 22,946 Investments In February 2023, the Company entered into a forward share purchase agreement with Napatech A/S (Napatech), a publicly traded Danish company registered on the Oslo stock exchange, to purchase approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock for $ 7.5 million. In April 2023, the Company settled the forward share purchase contract with Napatech in exchange for approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock and recorded a $ 0.2 million change in the fair value of the derivative instrument in other income (expense), net within the Company's consolidated statement of operations during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. As part of the agreement, the Company received the right to designate a representative to be nominated for election to the Napatech Board of Directors, which was approved by Napatech's Nomination Committee in April 2023. The Company accounts for this investment under the equity method and has elected to apply the fair value option to the investment. The Company records the investment at fair value at the end of each period based on the closing price of Napatech's stock and any change in fair value during the period is recorded in other income (expense), net within the Company's consolidated statement of operations. At March 31, 2025 and 2024, the fair value of the investment in Napatech was $ 11.8 million and $ 11.5 million, respectively, and was included in marketable securities and investments in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized gains of $ 0.4 million and $ 5.5 million, respectively, in the fair value of the equity investment in Napatech in other income (expense), net within the Company's consolidated statement of operations. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the unrealized losses related to foreign currency translation on the equity investment in Napatech were immaterial . F-18 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to fair values determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Level 2 refers to fair values estimated using significant other observable inputs, and Level 3 includes fair values estimated using significant unobservable inputs. The following tables present the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis using the fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2025 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents $ 434,121 $ 23,294 $ — $ 457,415 U.S. government and municipal obligations 3,008 2,410 — 5,418 Commercial paper — 17,358 — 17,358 Certificates of deposit — 505 — 505 Equity investment in Napatech 11,781 — — 11,781 Derivative financial instruments — 197 — 197 $ 448,910 $ 43,764 $ — $ 492,674 LIABILITIES: Derivative financial instruments $ — $ ( 55 ) $ — $ ( 55 ) $ — $ ( 55 ) $ — $ ( 55 ) Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents $ 381,829 $ 7,845 $ — $ 389,674 U.S. government and municipal obligations 8,985 2,506 — 11,491 Commercial paper — 8,648 — 8,648 Certificates of deposit — 2,807 — 2,807 Equity investment in Napatech 11,507 — — 11,507 Derivative financial instruments — 11 — 11 $ 402,321 $ 21,817 $ — $ 424,138 LIABILITIES: Derivative financial instruments $ — $ ( 74 ) $ — $ ( 74 ) $ — $ ( 74 ) $ — $ ( 74 ) This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. On a recurring basis, the Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value, including marketable securities and derivative financial instruments. The Company's Level 1 investments are classified as such because they are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The Company's Level 2 investments are classified as such because they are valued using observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active. F-19 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) NOTE 6 – INVENTORIES AND DEFERRED COSTS Inventories are stated at the lower of actual cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by using the FIFO method. Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, 2025 2024 Raw materials $ 7,172 $ 8,175 Work in process 47 545 Finished goods 3,890 4,160 Deferred costs 1,782 1,215 $ 12,891 $ 14,095 NOTE 7 – FIXED ASSETS Fixed assets consisted of the following (in thousands): Estimated Useful Life in Years March 31, 2025 2024 Furniture and fixtures 3 - 7 $ 9,586 $ 8,580 Computer equipment and internal use software 2 - 3 191,098 188,799 Leasehold improvements (1) up to 12 52,175 52,121 Demonstration and spare part units 2 - 3 19,805 20,153 272,664 269,653 Less – accumulated depreciation ( 251,135 ) ( 243,166 ) $ 21,529 $ 26,487 (1) Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or anticipated useful life of the improvement. Depreciation expense was $ 11.9 million, $ 15.9 million and $ 18.8 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. NOTE 8- DIVESTITURES Business Divestiture On September 8, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to divest its Test Optimization business (TO business) for a purchase price of $ 7.8 million, inclusive of a working capital adjustment. The Company recorded a gain of $ 3.8 million on the divestiture for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. In connection with the divestiture, the Company had entered into a transitional services agreement with the buyer to provide certain services which ended on December 31, 2023. The Company determined that the sale of the TO business did not represent a strategic shift and will not have a major effect on its consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flow. Accordingly, the Company has not presented the sale as a discontinued operation in the consolidated financial statements. NOTE 9 – GOODWILL & INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill The Company has one reporting unit. Goodwill is tested for impairment at a reporting unit level at least annually, as of January 31, and on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change (a "Triggering Event") that would indicate the fair value of the reporting unit is below its carrying value. F-20 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) During fiscal year 2024, the Company recorded $ 217.3 million in goodwill impairment charges as a result of the sustained decrease in the Company's stock price and overall market capitalization. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, due to the continued decrease in the Company's stock price and overall market capitalization, along with other qualitative considerations including the continued impact from the conditions in the macroeconomic environment, it was determined a Triggering Event occurred, indicating goodwill may be impaired. Accordingly, the Company conducted a quantitative impairment test of its goodwill at June 30, 2024. The Company estimated the implied fair value of the reporting unit using a market approach. As a result of the quantitative impairment test performed during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, the Company determined goodwill was impaired and recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $ 427.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The additional impairment charge recorded in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 was primarily due to the continued decrease in the Company's stock price from March 31, 2024 to June 30, 2024, an increase in the Company's weighted-average cost of capital, and the refinement to the expected cost synergies that could be realized by a hypothetical buyer as a result of the voluntary separation program (VSP) implemented by the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, which impacted the company-specific control premium used to determine the fair value of the reporting unit under the market approach. At September 30, 2024, December 31, 2024, and March 31, 2025, the Company performed a Triggering Event assessment and concluded no events or circumstances occurred that indicated goodwill was further impaired. During fiscal year 2025, the Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test at January 31, 2025, using the qualitative assessment, and the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. The Company will continue to monitor relevant facts and circumstances, including future changes in its stock price. The Company may be required to record additional goodwill impairment charges. While management cannot predict if or when additional goodwill impairments may occur, future goodwill impairments could have material adverse effects on the Company's results of operations and financial condition. At March 31, 2025 and 2024, the carrying amounts of goodwill were $ 1.1 billion and $ 1.5 billion, respectively. The change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 was due to the impairment of goodwill, and the impact of foreign currency translation adjustments related to asset balances that are recorded in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 as follows (in thousands): Balance at March 31, 2023 $ 1,724,404 Goodwill impairment ( 217,260 ) Divestiture of a business ( 4,259 ) Foreign currency translation impact ( 65 ) Balance at March 31, 2024 $ 1,502,820 Goodwill impairment ( 426,967 ) Foreign currency translation impact 530 Balance at March 31, 2025 $ 1,076,383 Intangible Assets The net carrying amounts of intangible asset s were $ 258.7 million and $ 308.7 million at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company amortizes intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. The Company re views long-lived assets including tangible and definite-lived intangible assets for impairment when an event occurs that may indicate potential impairment. In conjunction with the goodwill impairment analysis performed at June 30, 2024, the Company conducted an impairment test of its long-lived assets at June 30, 2024. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that the carrying values of the Company's long-lived assets were recoverable. At September 30, 2024, December 31, 2024, and March 31, 2025 the Company performed a Triggering Event assessment and concluded no events or circumstances occurred that indicated intangible assets may be impaired. However, if future events occur or if business conditions deteriorate, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss, and or accelerate the amortization of definite-live intangible assets in the future, which could be mater ial to its results of operations and financial condition. F-21 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) Intangible assets include the following amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2025 (in thousands): Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Developed technology $ 248,232 $ ( 242,298 ) $ 5,934 Customer relationships 763,397 ( 518,995 ) 244,402 Distributor relationships and technology licenses 5,097 ( 4,022 ) 1,075 Definite-lived trademark and trade name 57,675 ( 50,562 ) 7,113 Core technology 7,192 ( 7,192 ) — Capitalized software 3,317 ( 3,317 ) — Other 1,208 ( 1,042 ) 166 $ 1,086,118 $ ( 827,428 ) $ 258,690 Intangible assets include the following amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2024 (in thousands): Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Developed technology $ 248,385 $ ( 238,470 ) $ 9,915 Customer relationships 763,943 ( 475,592 ) 288,351 Distributor relationships and technology licenses 7,785 ( 7,463 ) 322 Definite-lived trademark and trade name 57,699 ( 47,814 ) 9,885 Core technology 7,192 ( 7,192 ) — Capitalized software 3,317 ( 3,317 ) — Other 1,208 ( 1,022 ) 186 $ 1,089,529 $ ( 780,870 ) $ 308,659 Amortization included as cost of product revenue consists of amortization of developed technology, and distributor relationships and technology licenses. Amortization included as operating expense consists of all other intangible assets. The following table provides a summary of amortization expense during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands). Years Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Amortization of intangible assets included as: Cost of product revenue 4,515 7,642 10,542 Operating expense 46,460 50,357 55,410 $ 50,975 $ 57,999 $ 65,952 The following is the expected future amortization expense at March 31, 2025 for the fiscal years ended March 31 (in thousands): 2026 $ 46,717 2027 43,864 2028 40,907 2029 31,516 2030 28,598 Thereafter 67,088 Total $ 258,690 F-22 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) NOTE 10 – DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES NetScout operates internationally and, in the normal course of business, is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The exposures result from costs that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, primarily the Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, and Indian Rupee. The Company manages its foreign cash flow risk by hedging forecasted cash flows for operating expenses denominated in foreign currencies for up to twelve months , within specified guidelines through the use of forward contracts. The Company enters into foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge cash flow exposures from costs that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. These hedges are designated as cash flow hedges at inception. NetScout also periodically enters into forward contracts to manage exchange rate risk associated with certain third-party transactions and for which the Company does not elect hedge accounting treatment as there is no difference in the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedge instrument and the hedged item. All of the Company's foreign exchange forward contract derivative instruments are utilized for risk management purposes, and the Company does not use derivatives for speculative trading purposes. These contracts will mature over the next twelve months and are expected to impact earnings on or before maturity. The notional amounts and fair values of foreign exchange forward contract derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands): Notional Amounts (a) Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Accrued Other March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments: Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 10,649 $ 11,676 $ 197 $ 11 $ 55 $ 74 $ 197 $ 11 $ 55 $ 74 (a) Notional amounts represent the gross contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding. The following table provides the effect foreign exchange forward contracts had on other comprehensive income (loss), (OCI) and results of operations during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands): Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (a) Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (b) March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, 2025 2024 Location 2025 2024 Foreign exchange forward contracts $ ( 149 ) $ ( 33 ) Research and development $ 34 $ ( 2 ) Sales and marketing 311 ( 60 ) $ ( 149 ) $ ( 33 ) $ 345 $ ( 62 ) (a) The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates. (b) The amount represents reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings that occurs when the hedged item affects earnings. F-23 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) The following table provides the effect foreign exchange forward contrac ts not designated as hedging instruments had on the Company's results of operations during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands): Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (a) March 31, March 31, Location 2025 2024 Foreign exchange forward contracts General and administrative $ ( 278 ) $ 94 $ ( 278 ) $ 94 (a) The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates. In addition to foreign exchange forward contracts, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company entered into a forward share purchase contract to purchase approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock for $ 7.5 million, which qualified as a derivative instrument under authoritative guidance. The notional amount of the derivative instrument was $ 7.5 million. In April 2023, the Company settled the forward share purchase contract with Napatech. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a $ 0.2 million and $ 1.4 million change in the fair value of the derivative instrument in other income (expense), net within the Company's consolidated statement of operations. NOTE 11 – RESTRUCTURING CHARGES During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company restructured certain departments to better align functions resulting in the termination of eighteen employees. As a result of the workforce reduction, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a restructuring charge totaling $ 1.9 million related to one-time employee-related termination benefits for the employees that were notified of their termination during the period. The one-time employee-related termination benefits were paid in full during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not approve any restructuring plans. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, the Company implemented a voluntary separation program (VSP) for employees who met certain age and service requirements to reduce overall headcount. As a result of the related workforce reduction, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded restructuring charges totaling $ 19.6 million related to one-time termination benefits for one hundred forty-two employees who voluntarily terminated their employment with the Company during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025. All one-time termination benefits are expected to be paid in full during the first quarter of fiscal year ending March 31, 2026. During the third quarter of fiscal year 2025, the Company entered into transition agreements that provided termination benefits for certain employees to ensure an orderly transition of responsibilities for continuity purposes. As a result of the related workforce changes, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded restructuring charges totaling $ 0.9 million. The Company estimates that approximately $ 1.0 million and $ 0.1 million in additional restructuring charges will be recorded in the fiscal years ending March 31, 2026 and 2027, respectively, related to one-time termination benefits for the ten employees who continue to render services to the Company. A majority of the one-time termination benefits are expected to be paid in full by the end of the second quarter of fiscal year ending March 31, 2026, with the remaining amounts expected to be paid in full by the end of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2027. The following table provides a summary of the activity related to the restructuring plan and the related restructuring liability (in thousands): Q1 FY25 VSP Q3FY25 Plan Employee-related Employee-related TOTAL Balance at March 31, 2024 $ — $ — $ — Restructuring charges to operations 19,608 906 20,514 Payments ( 19,583 ) — ( 19,583 ) Other adjustments ( 16 ) — ( 16 ) Balance at March 31, 2025 $ 9 $ 906 $ 915 F-24 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) NOTE 12 – LONG-TERM DEBT On July 27, 2021, the Company amended and extended its existing credit facility (as amended, the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement), which provided for a five-year , $ 800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $ 75.0 million. The commitments under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement were set to expire on July 27, 2026, and any outstanding loans were due on that date. On May 13, 2024, the Company repaid $ 25.0 million of borrowings under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. On October 4, 2024, the Company amended and restated the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended and restated, the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) with a syndicate of lenders by and among: the Company, as borrower; certain subsidiaries of NetScout Systems, Inc., as borrower; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., RBC Capital Markets, PNC Capital Markets LLC and Mizuho Bank, Ltd, as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners; TD Bank, N.A. and Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company, as co-documentation agents; and the lenders and issuing banks party thereto. The Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a five-year , $ 600.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $ 75.0 million. The Company may elect to use the amended credit facility for working capital and other general corporate purposes (including to repurchase shares of the Company's common stock). The commitments under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will expire on October 4, 2029, and any outstanding loans will be due on that date. In connection with the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company paid off the outstanding balance of $ 75.0 million under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement on October 4, 2024 by borrowing the same amount under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Additionally, the Company recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $ 1.1 million, representing the write off of unamortized deferred financing costs, which was included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025. On February 3, 2025, the Company paid the outstanding balance of $ 75.0 million in full under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. At March 31, 2025, there were no amounts outstanding under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. At the Company's election, revolving loans under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement bear interest at either (a) a term SOFR rate plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10 % or (b) an Alternate Base Rate (defined in a customary manner), in each case plus an applicable margin. For the period from the delivery of the Company's financial statements for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, until the Company has delivered financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the applicable margin will be 1.00 % per annum for term SOFR loans and 0 % per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans, and thereafter the applicable margin will vary depending on the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 1.00 % per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 2.00 % per annum for term SOFR loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, down to 0 % per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 1.00 % per annum for term SOFR loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00. The Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is the ratio of its consolidated total debt compared to its consolidated EBITDA as defined in the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (consolidated adjusted EBITDA). Consolidated adjusted EBITDA includes certain adjustments, including, without limitation, adjustments relating to extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring charges, certain restructuring charges, non-cash charges, certain transaction costs and expenses and certain pro forma adjustments in connection with material acquisitions and dispositions, all as set forth in detail in the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Commitment fees will accrue on the daily unused amount of the credit facility. For the period from the delivery of the Company's financial statements for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, until the Company has delivered financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the commitment fee will be 0.15 % per annum, and thereafter the commitment fee will vary depending on the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 0.30 % per annum if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, down to 0.15 % per annum if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00. Letter of credit participation fees are payable to each lender providing the letter of credit sub-facility on the amount of such lender's letter of credit exposure, during the period from the closing date of the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to, but excluding, the date which is the later of (i) the date on which such lender's commitment terminates or (ii) the date on which such lender ceases to have any letter of credit exposure, at a rate per annum equal to the applicable margin for F-25 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) term SOFR loans. Additionally, the Company will pay a fronting fee to each issuing bank in amounts to be agreed to between the Company and the applicable issuing bank. Interest on Alternate Base Rate loans is payable at the end of each calendar quarter. Interest on term SOFR loans is payable at the end of each interest rate period or at the end of each three-month interval within an interest rate period if the period is longer than three months. The Company may also prepay loans under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement at any time, without penalty, subject to certain notice requirements. The loans and other obligations under the credit facility are (a) guaranteed by each of the Company's wholly-owned material domestic restricted subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, and (b) are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the subsidiary guarantors, including a pledge of all the capital stock of material subsidiaries held directly by the Company and the subsidiary guarantors (which pledge, in the case of any foreign subsidiary, is limited to 65 % of the voting stock), subject to certain customary exceptions and limitations. The Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement generally prohibits any other liens on the assets of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions as described in the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain covenants applicable to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including, without limitation, limitations on additional indebtedness, liens, various fundamental changes, dividends and distributions, investments (including acquisitions), transactions with affiliates, asset sales, including sale-leaseback transactions, speculative hedge agreements, payment of junior financing, changes in business and other limitations customary in senior secured credit facilities. The Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for certain baskets that are available to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, to repay junior financing, for asset sales and to make investments and restricted payments. Such baskets are substantially similar to the baskets set forth in the Company’s previous amended credit agreement. The Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a certain consolidated net leverage ratio. The Company's consolidated net leverage ratio is the ratio of its Consolidated Total Debt minus the lesser of unrestricted cash and 125 % of adjusted consolidated EBITDA compared to its adjusted consolidated EBITDA. The Company's maximum consolidated net leverage ratio is 4.00 to 1.00. These covenants and limitations are more fully described in the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. At March 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants, including the specified total consolidated net leverage ratio range of 4.00 to 1.00. The Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides that events of default will exist in certain circumstances, including failure to make payment of principal or interest on the loans when required, failure to perform certain obligations under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and related documents, defaults under certain other indebtedness, certain insolvency events, certain events arising under ERISA, a change of control and certain other events. Upon an event of default, the administrative agent may, or at the request of the holders of more than 50 % in principal amount of the loans and commitments shall, terminate the commitments and accelerate the maturity of the loans and enforce certain other remedies under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the other loan documents. The Company had unamortized capitalized debt iss uance costs, net of $ 3.3 million at March 31, 2025, which are being amortized over the life of the revolving credit facility. The unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs balance of $ 0.7 million was included as prepaid expenses and other current assets and a balance of $ 2.6 million was included as other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2025. F-26 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) NOTE 13 – NET INCOM E (LOSS) PER SH ARE Calculations of the basic and diluted net inco me (loss) pe r share and potential common shares are as follows (in thousands, except for per share data): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Numerator: Net incom e (loss) $ ( 366,922 ) $ ( 147,734 ) $ 59,648 Denominator: Denominator for basic net inco me (loss) per sh are - weighted average common shares outstanding 71,627 71,474 71,781 Dilutive common equivalent shares: Weighted average restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units — — 1,265 Denominator for diluted net inc ome (loss) per sha re - weighted average shares outstanding 71,627 71,474 73,046 Net income (loss) p er share: Basic net incom e (loss) per sh are $ ( 5.12 ) $ ( 2.07 ) $ 0.83 Diluted net in come (loss) per share $ ( 5.12 ) $ ( 2.07 ) $ 0.82 The following table sets forth restricted stock units excluded from the calculation of diluted net inc ome (loss) per share, since their inclusion would be antidilutive (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Restricted stock units 608 820 1,799 Basic net inco me (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Unvested restricted shares, although legally issued and outstanding, are not considered outstanding for purposes of calculating basic earnings per share. Diluted net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect, if any, of outstanding restricted shares and restricted stock units using the treasury stock method. The calculation of the dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards under the treasury stock method includes consideration of proceeds from the assumed exercise of unrecognized compensation expense as additional proceeds. As the Company incurred a net loss for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, all outstanding restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units have an anti-dilutive effect and are therefore excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding. The delivery of 4.5 million shares under the Company's ASR agreements reduced the Company's outstanding shares used to determine the weighted average common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. See Note 14 for additional information. NOTE 14 – TREASURY STOCK On October 24, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that enabled the Company to repurchase up to twenty-five million shares of its common stock (2017 Share Repurchase Program). Through March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased all of the authorized 25,000,000 shares for $ 694.1 million in the open market under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. The Company repurchased 1,209,153 shares for $ 33.6 million during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. At March 31, 2024, there were no shares of common stock that remained available to be purchased under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. On May 3, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program that enables the Company to repurchase up to twenty-five million shares of its common stock (2022 Share Repurchase Program). The 2022 Share Repurchase Program became effective in the third quarter of fiscal year 2024 when the 2017 Share Repurchase Program was completed. T he Company is not obligated to acquire any specific amount of common stock within any particular timeframe as a result of the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. The Company repurchas ed 1,362,205 shares for $ 25.3 million and 614,516 F-27 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) shares for $ 16.4 million under this share repurchase program during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 , respectively. At March 31, 2025, 23,023,279 shares of common stock remained available to be purchased under the current program. On May 9, 2022, the Company entered into accelerated share repurchase (ASR) agreements with Mizuho Markets Americas LLC (Mizuho) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (Wells Fargo) (collectively, the Dealers) to repurchase an aggregate of $ 150 million of the Company's common stock via accelerated stock repurchase transactions under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. Under the terms of the ASR, the Company made a $ 75 million payment to each of the Dealers on May 10, 2022, and received an initial delivery of 1,627,907 shares from each of the Dealers, or 3,255,814 shares in the aggregate, which was approximately 70 percent of the total number of shares of the Company's common stock expected to be repurchased under the ASR agreements. These shares reduced the number of shares of the Company's common stock available for repurchase under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. Final settlement of the ASR agreements was completed in November 2022. As a result, the Company received an additional 651,213 shares from Mizuho and 642,302 shares from Wells Fargo, or 1,293,515 shares in the aggregate, for $ 47.9 million, which reduced the number of shares of the Company's common stock available to be repurchased under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. In total, 4,549,329 shares of the Company's common stock were repurchased under the ASR agreements at an average cost per share of $ 32.97 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. In connection with the vesting and release of the restriction on shares of restricted stock, the Company repurchased 703,727 shares for $ 13.9 million, 653,645 shares for $ 19.4 million and 562,360 shares for $ 19.4 million related to minimum statutory tax withholding requirements on the se restricted stock units during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These repurchase transactions do not fall under the repurchase program described above, and therefore do not reduce the amount that is available for repurchase under those programs. NOTE 15 – STOCK PLANS 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan On September 7, 2011, the Company's stockholders approved the 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the ESPP), under which 2,500,000 shares of the Company's common stock were reserved for issuance. On November 8, 2018, the Company increased the number of shares available under the ESPP by an additional 3,000,000 shares, and on August 24, 2022, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the ESPP that increased the number of shares available under the ESPP by another 2,000,000 shares . The Company implemented the ESPP on March 1, 2012. Eligible employees may purchase shares of the Company's common stock through regular payroll deductions of up to 20 % of their eligible compensation. Under the terms of the offering under the ESPP, the number of shares of the Company's common stock which a participant could purchase during any purchase period is limited to 2,000 . In addition, the fair market value of shares purchased by an individual participant in the plan may not exceed $ 25,000 if the contribution period is within any calendar year. However, if contribution periods overlap calendar years, an individual participant is eligible to utilize the unused portion of the $ 25,000 limit from the subsequent purchase in the current purchase up to $ 50,000 . Under the ESPP, shares of the Company's common stock may be purchased on the last day of each bi-annual offering period at 85 % of the fair market value on the last day of such offering period. The o ffering periods run from March 1 through August 31 and from September 1 through the last day of February of each year. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, employees purchased 516,890 shares under the ESPP with a weighted average purchase price pe r share of $ 22.07 . At March 31, 2025, 1,690,798 shares were available for future issuance under the ESPP. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan On September 12, 2019, the Company's stockholders approved the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Plan), which replaced the Company's 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (Amended 2007 Plan). The 2019 Plan permits the granting of incentive and nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, and other stock awards, collectively referred to as "share-based awards." On September 10, 2020, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 First Amended Plan) to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 4,700,000 shares, establish a one-year minimum vesting requirement for awards granted on or after September 10, 2020, and change the "fungible share counting ratio" used to calculate the increase or reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 First Amended Plan. F-28 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) On August 24, 2022, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Second Amended Plan) to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 7,000,000 shares, and change the "fungible share counting ratio" used to calculate the increase or reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Second Amended Plan. On September 14, 2023, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement to the 2019 First Amended Plan (2019 Third Amended Plan) to further increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 5,900,000 shares and changed the "fungible share counting ratio" used to calculate the increase or reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Third Amended Plan. On September 12, 2024, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement to the 2019 First Amended Plan (2019 Fourth Amended Plan) to further increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 3,400,000 . At September 12, 2024, the effective date of the 2019 Fourth Amended Plan, there was a total of 7,947,545 shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Fourth Amended Plan, which consisted of 3,400,000 new shares plus 4,547,545 shares that remained available for grant under the 2019 Third Amended Plan. The Company refers to the 2019 Plan, 2019 First Amended Plan, 2019 Second Amended Plan, 2019 Third Amended Plan and 2019 Fourth Amended Plan collectively as the "Amended 2019 Plan". The aggregate number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Fourth Amended Plan will increase for any shares (each a "Returning Share"): (i) subject to an award granted under the Amended 2007 Plan or Amended 2019 Plan that are not issued because such award expires or otherwise terminates without all of the shares covered by such award having been issued; (ii) subject to an award under the Amended 2007 Plan or Amended 2019 Plan that are not issued because such award is settled in cash; (iii) issued pursuant to an award granted under the Amended 2007 Plan or Amended 2019 Plan that are forfeited back to or repurchased by the Company because of failure to vest; and (iv) that are reacquired or withheld by the Company to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with common stock issued pursuant to a Full Value Award (as defined below) granted under the Amended 2007 Plan or Amended 2019 Plan. The amount of such increase will be (i) one share for each Returning Share subject to a stock option or stock appreciation right with an exercise or strike price that is at least 100 % of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant (an "Appreciation Award"); and (ii) 2.67 shares for each Returning Share subject to an equity award other than an Appreciation Award (a "Full Value Award") that is returned on or after September 14, 2023. Furthermore, the share reserve under the 2019 Third Amended Plan is reduced by: (i) one share for each share of common stock issued pursuant to an Appreciation Award, (ii) 2.76 shares for each share of common stock issued pursuant to a Full Value Award granted under the Amended 2019 Plan on or after September 12, 2019 but prior to September 10, 2020; (iii) 2.32 shares for each share of common stock issued pursuant to a Full Value Award granted under the Amended 2019 Plan on or after September 10, 2020 but prior to August 24, 2022; (iv) by 2.34 shares for each share of common stock issued pursuant to a Full Value Award granted under the Amended 2019 Plan on or after August 24, 2022 but prior to September 14, 2023; and (v) by 2.67 shares for each share of common stock issued pursuant to a Full Value Award granted under the Amended 2019 Plan on or after September 14, 2023. At March 31, 2025, an aggregate of 5,745,989 shares of unvested equity awards granted under the Amended 2019 Plan were outstanding. The Amended 2019 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee operates under guidelines established by the Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee has the authority to select the employees and consultants to whom awards are granted (except for directors and executive officers) and determine the terms of each award, including the number of shares of common stock subject to the award. Share-based awards generally vest over four years . The exercise price of stock options shall not be less than 100 % of the fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant ( 110 % for incentive stock options granted to holders of more than 10 % of the voting stock of NetScout). The term of stock options granted cannot exceed seven years ( five years for incentive stock options granted to holders of more than 10 % of the voting stock of NetScout). Based on historical experience, the Company assumed an annualized forfeiture rate of 0 % for awards granted to its independent directors, approximately 2 % for awards granted to its senior executives, and approximately 5 % granted to all remaining employees during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. Periodically, the Company grants share-based awards to employees, officers, and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries. Additionally, the Company periodically grants performance-based restricted stock units to certain executive officers that vest based upon the Company's total shareholder return as compared to the Russell 2000 Index over a three-year period. The performance-based restricted stock units were valued using the Monte Carlo Simulation model. The measurement and recognition of compensation expense is based on estimated fair values for all share-based payment awards made to its employees and directors. Share-based award grants are generally measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the F-29 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company's common stock. Such value is recognized as a cost of revenue or an operating expense over the corresponding vesting period. The following is a summary of share-based compensation expense including restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units granted pursuant to the Company's Amended 2007 Plan and the Amended 2019 Plan, and employee stock purchases made under the ESPP, based on estimated fair values within the applicable cost and expense lines identified below (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Cost of product revenue $ 1,296 $ 1,330 $ 1,129 Cost of service revenue 8,510 8,899 7,286 Research and development 17,956 19,281 17,055 Sales and marketing 22,765 25,375 22,612 General and administrative 14,258 15,914 13,904 $ 64,785 $ 70,799 $ 61,986 Transactions under the Amended 2007 and the Amended 2019 Plan during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are summarized in the table below. Restricted Stock Units Number of Awards Weighted Average Fair Value Outstanding – March 31, 2022 4,627,934 $ 28.23 Granted 3,096,295 33.73 Vested ( 1,777,708 ) 28.34 Canceled ( 197,050 ) 30.93 Outstanding – March 31, 2023 5,749,471 $ 31.07 Granted 2,446,494 28.87 Vested ( 2,067,558 ) 30.08 Canceled ( 207,736 ) 31.17 Outstanding – March 31, 2024 5,920,671 $ 30.50 Granted 2,449,057 18.84 Vested ( 2,205,063 ) 30.20 Canceled ( 418,676 ) 29.02 Outstanding – March 31, 2025 5,745,989 $ 25.75 At March 31, 2025, there were 8,148,385 shares of common s tock available for grant under the 2019 Fourth Amended Plan. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised and the fair value of restricted stock units vested at March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Total fair value of restricted stock unit awards vested $ 43,733 $ 61,130 $ 61,128 At March 31, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock unit awards was $ 103.7 million, which is expected to be amortized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years. F-30 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) NOTE 16 – PENSION BENEFIT PLANS 401(k) Plan The Company has a defined contribution program for certain employees that is qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company matches 50 % of the employee's contribution up to 6 % of the employee’s salary. NetScout contributions vest at a rate of 25 % per year of service. NetScout made matching contributions of $ 5.8 million, $ 7.0 million and $ 6.7 million to the plan for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Defined Benefit Pension Plan Certain of the Company's non-U.S. employees participate in certain noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. None of the Company's employees in the U.S. participate in any noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. In general, these plans are funded based on considerations relating to legal requirements, underlying asset returns, the plan's funded status, the anticipated deductibility of the contribution, local practices, market conditions, interest rates and other factors. The Company recognizes on its balance sheet a liability equal to the under-funded benefit obligation of its defined benefit pension plan. Actuarial gains or losses are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost, but are recognized, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). The following sets forth the amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income at March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands): March 31, March 31, 2025 2024 Unrecognized actuarial net gain $ 6,732 $ 5,802 For fiscal year 2025 and 2024, the unrecognized net actuarial gains exceeded 10% of the projected benefit obligation at the beginning of the fiscal year, therefore, amortization of such excess has been included in net periodic benefit costs during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The amorti zation period is the average remaining service period that active employees are expected to receive benefits, unless a plan is mostly inactive in which case the amortization period if the average remaining life expectancy of the plan participants. The following sets forth the change in accumulated other comprehensive income during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands): March 31, March 31, 2025 2024 Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss $ ( 1,396 ) $ 1,832 Amortization of net actuarial gain 466 928 Change in accumulated other comprehensive income $ ( 930 ) $ 2,760 F-31 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) The following sets forth the components of the Company's net periodic pension cost of the noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Service cost $ 193 $ 206 $ 291 Interest cost 981 999 699 Amortization of net actuarial gain ( 466 ) ( 928 ) — Net periodic pension cost $ 708 $ 277 $ 990 The components of the change in benefit obligation of the pension plan at March 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (in thousands): March 31, March 31, 2025 2024 Benefit obligation, at beginning of year $ 27,051 $ 24,567 Service cost 193 206 Interest cost 981 999 Benefits paid and other ( 645 ) ( 576 ) Actuarial (gain) loss ( 1,396 ) 1,832 Foreign exchange rate impact ( 161 ) 23 Benefit obligation, at end of year $ 26,023 $ 27,051 The Company's benefit obligation of the pension plan is reported in the following components of the Company's consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2025 and 2024: March 31, March 31, 2025 2024 Accrued compensation $ 830 $ 714 Accrued long-term retirement benefits 25,193 26,337 Benefit obligation, at end of year $ 26,023 $ 27,051 The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of the assets of the pension plan at March 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (in thousands): March 31, March 31, 2025 2024 Fair value of plan assets, at beginning of year $ — $ — Employer direct benefit payments 645 576 Benefits paid and other ( 645 ) ( 576 ) Fair value of plan assets, at end of year $ — $ — Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost at date of measurement: March 31, March 31, March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Discount rate 4.00 % 3.70 % 4.10 % Rate of compensation increase 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % F-32 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, the Comp any contributed $ 645 thousand to its d efined benefit pension plan. The following sets forth benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, e xpected to be paid by the plan in the periods indicated (in thousands): 2026 $ 830 2027 $ 911 2028 $ 1,030 2029 $ 1,108 2030 $ 1,181 2031-2035 $ 7,121 NOTE 17 – INCOME TAXES Income before income tax expense consisted of the following (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Domestic $ ( 386,859 ) $ ( 169,657 ) $ 56,463 Foreign 21,065 25,147 11,952 $ ( 365,794 ) $ ( 144,510 ) $ 68,415 The components of the income tax expense are as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Current income tax expense: Federal $ 21,766 $ 32,798 $ 48,853 State 4,548 6,161 5,766 Foreign 12,353 10,238 7,879 38,667 49,197 62,498 Deferred income tax benefit: Federal ( 30,403 ) ( 36,402 ) ( 47,297 ) State ( 5,267 ) ( 7,611 ) ( 4,006 ) Foreign ( 1,869 ) ( 1,960 ) ( 2,428 ) ( 37,539 ) ( 45,973 ) ( 53,731 ) $ 1,128 $ 3,224 $ 8,767 F-33 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) The income tax expense computed using the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate differs from NetScout's effective tax rate primarily due to the following: Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 U.S. statutory federal income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State taxes, net of federal tax effect ( 0.5 ) ( 0.6 ) 3.6 U.S. federal and state research and development tax credits 2.0 6.4 ( 9.0 ) Effect of foreign operations ( 0.7 ) 1.5 1.8 Meals and entertainment ( 0.2 ) ( 0.9 ) 0.4 Change in valuation allowance ( 0.6 ) ( 4.1 ) 3.5 Goodwill impairment ( 22.0 ) ( 28.5 ) — Stock compensation ( 1.3 ) ( 1.0 ) ( 0.6 ) Divestiture — ( 0.6 ) — Global intangible low taxed income — ( 0.2 ) — Foreign derived intangible income 3.2 6.3 ( 11.7 ) Foreign withholding ( 1.3 ) ( 1.4 ) 4.1 Other permanent differences 0.1 ( 0.1 ) ( 0.3 ) ( 0.3 ) % ( 2.2 ) % 12.8 % The components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Deferred tax assets: Accrued expenses $ 5,056 $ 4,986 Capitalized R&D expenses 92,427 71,205 Deferred revenue 20,356 21,482 Reserves 2,378 2,650 Pension and other retiree benefits 2,265 2,733 Net operating loss carryforwards 6,532 8,199 Tax credit carryforwards 32,042 29,109 Share-based compensation 7,140 8,233 Operating lease liability 10,503 12,292 Total gross deferred tax assets 178,699 160,889 Valuation allowance ( 23,088 ) ( 21,183 ) Net deferred tax assets 155,611 139,706 Deferred tax liabilities: Intangible assets ( 65,979 ) ( 86,170 ) Operating lease right-of-use asset ( 9,067 ) ( 10,481 ) Depreciation ( 2,494 ) ( 3,472 ) Other deferred tax liabilities ( 14,420 ) ( 13,190 ) Total deferred tax liabilities $ 63,651 $ 26,393 Th e 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) contained a provision which became effective for R&D expenditures incurred in years beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2022, that R&D expenditures incurred are no longer allowed as an immediate deduction for federal income tax purposes. Rather, R&D expenditures incurred must be capitalized and amortized over a five-year period or fifteen -year period depending on if the expenditures are domestic or foreign, respectively. F-34 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the anticipated future tax consequences, attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets by considering all positive and negative evidence. The Company weighs objective and verifiable evidence more heavily in this analysis. In situations where the Company concludes that it does not have sufficient objective and verifiable evidence to support the realizability of the asset it creates a valuation allowance against it. As a result, the Company established a valuation allowance of $ 21.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and $ 23.1 million as of March 31, 2025, representing an increase of $ 1.9 million. The increase in the valuation allowance as of March 31, 2025, as compared to March 31, 2024, is primarily due to deferred tax assets related to foreign tax credits that the Company believes are not more likely than not to be realized. If it is later determined the Company is able to use all or a portion of the deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance has been established, then the Company may be required to recognize these deferred tax assets as a tax benefit recorded in the period such determination is made. At March 31, 2025, the Company had state net operating loss carry forwards of $ 22 million that are subject to expire at various dates beginning in 2036. At March 31, 2025, the Company also had U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards and state tax credits of $ 12 million and $ 12 million that are subject to expire at various dates beginning 2031 and 2036, respectively. At March 31, 2025, the Company had foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $ 31 million and foreign tax credit carryforwards of $ 11 million. The majority of foreign net operating losses and foreign tax credits have no expiration dates. As of March 31, 2025, the Company does not expect any U.S. federal and state net operating losses or research and development tax credits to go unutilized. The Company files U.S. federal tax returns and files returns in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. With respect to the U.S. federal and primary jurisdictions, the Company is no longer subject to examinations by tax authorities for tax years before 2018, although carryforward attributes that were generated prior to 2018 may still be adjusted upon examination if they either have been or will be used in a future period. The Company also receives inquiries from various tax jurisdictions during the year, and some of those inquiries may include an audit of tax returns previously filed. In the normal course of business, NetScout and its subsidiaries are examined by various taxing authorities, including the IRS in the United States. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Balance at April 1, $ 1,052 $ 1,024 $ 638 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 28 28 28 Reductions of prior years tax positions due to lapse of statute of limitations ( 356 ) — — Increase in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of a tax position taken during a prior period — — 358 Balance at March 31, $ 724 $ 1,052 $ 1,024 The Company is unable to make a reliable estimate when cash settlement, if any, will occur with a tax authority as the timing of examinations and ultimate resolution of those examinations is uncertain. All of the unrecognized tax benefits would affect the effective tax rate if recognized. The Company includes interest and penalties accrued in the consolidated financial statements as a component of the tax provision. The interest and penalties are immaterial to the provision. Over the next twelve months, previously unrecognized tax benefits primarily due to the lapse of statute of limitations will be immaterial. The Company continues to assert that certain historical book over tax outside basis differences primarily related to unremitted foreign earnings are permanently reinvested. The Company's intent is to only make distributions from its foreign subsidiaries in the future when they can be made at no or an immaterial net tax cost. Unremitted foreign earnings total approximately $ 121 million. The Company does not expect taxes related to the unremitted foreign earnings to be material if they were distributed which would primarily consist of foreign withholding taxes. In 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development announced an Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting including Pillar Two Model Rules defining the global minimum tax, which calls for the taxation of large multinational corporations at a minimum rate of 15%. Subsequently multiple sets of administrative guidance have been issued. Many non-US tax jurisdictions have either recently enacted legislation to adopt certain components of the Pillar Two Model Rules beginning in 2024 with the adoption of additional components in later years or announced their plans to enact F-35 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) legislation in future years. Considering the Company does not have material operations in jurisdictions with tax rates lower than the Pillar Two minimum, these rules are not expected to materially increase its global tax costs. There remains uncertainty as to the final Pillar Two model rules. The Company continues to evaluate the impacts of enacted legislation and pending legislation to enact Pillar Two Model Rules in the non-US tax jurisdictions it operates in. NOTE 18 – LEASES The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use (ROU) assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the duration of the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company's contractual obligation to make lease payments over the lease term. The Company's policy is to combine lease and non-lease components and to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are classified as short-term leases. ROU assets are recorded and recognized at commencement for the lease liability amount, plus initial direct costs incurred less lease incentives received. Lease liabilities are recorded at the present value of future lease payments over the lease term at commencement. The discount rate used is generally the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate unless the lessor's implicit rate is readily determinable. Incremental borrowing rates are calculated periodically to estimate the rate the Company would pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value over a similar term. Lease expenses relating to operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has operating leases for administrative, research and development, sales and marketing and manufacturing facilities and equipment under various non-cancelable lease agreements. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms rangi ng from 1 year to 7 years. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease where it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. The Company considers several economic factors when making this determination, including but not limited to, the significance of leasehold improvements incurred in the office space, the difficulty in replacing the asset, underlying contractual obligations, or specific characteristics unique to a particular lease. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company has asset retirement obligations (ARO) to return certain leased facilities to their original condition at the end of the respective lease term. The estimated fair value of these ARO liabilities is recognized in the period in which the liability is generated and a corresponding increase to the carrying value of the related asset is recorded and depreciated over the useful life of the asset. The Company's estimates of its ultimate AROs could change because of changes in regulations, the extent of environmental remediations required, the means of reclamation, cost estimates, exit or disposal activities or time period estimates. ARO liabilities totaled $ 2.2 million and $ 2.3 million at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There was a balan ce of $ 2.2 million i ncluded in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, and a balance of $ 0.1 million included in accrued other and a balance of $ 2.2 million included other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. Accretion expense related to these liabilities was not material for any periods presented. Most of the Company's lease agreements contain variable payments, primarily for common area maintenance (CAM), which are expensed as incurred and not included in the measurement of the ROU assets and lease liabilities. The components of operating lease cost for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Lease cost under long-term operating leases $ 11,773 $ 12,160 Lease cost under short-term operating leases 1,334 1,626 Variable lease cost under short-term and long-term operating leases 4,148 4,161 Total operating lease cost $ 17,255 $ 17,947 F-36 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) The table below presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ 5,660 $ 1,603 At March 31, 2025 and 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term in years and weighted average discount rate were as follows: March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases 4.77 5.32 Weighted average discount rate - operating leases 4.4 % 4.2 % Future minimum payments under non-cancellable leases at March 31, 2025 are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending March 31, 2026 $ 11,719 2027 9,953 2028 8,900 2029 7,631 2030 6,617 Thereafter 3,112 Total lease payments $ 47,932 Less imputed interest ( 4,428 ) Present value of lease liabilities $ 43,504 NOTE 19 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Legal As previously disclosed, in March 2016, Packet Intelligence LLC (Packet Intelligence or Plaintiff) filed a Complaint against NetScout and two subsidiary entities in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas asserting infringement of five United States patents. Plaintiff's Complaint alleged that legacy Tektronix GeoProbe products, including the G10 and GeoBlade products, infringed these patents. NetScout filed an Answer denying Plaintiff's allegations and asserting that Plaintiff's patents were, among other things, invalid, not infringed, and unenforceable due to inequitable conduct. In October 2017, a jury rendered a verdict finding in favor of the Plaintiff and that Plaintiff was entitled to $ 3.5 million for pre-suit damages and $ 2.3 million for post-suit damages. In September 2018, the Court entered judgment and "enhanced" the jury verdict in the amount of $ 2.8 million as a result of a jury finding. The judgment also awarded pre- and post-judgment interest, and a running royalty on the G10 and GeoBlade products until the expiration of the patents at issue, the last date being June 2022. Following the entry of final judgment, NetScout appealed, and in July 2020, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) issued a decision vacating the $ 3.5 million pre-suit damages award, affirming the $ 2.3 million post-suit damages award, vacating the $ 2.8 million enhancement award, and remanding to the district court to determine what, if any, enhancement should be awarded. In March 2021, NetScout filed a petition for a writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, which was denied, challenging, among other issues, the basis for enhanced damages and the patentability of the claimed technology. On September 8 and 9, 2021, in proceedings initiated by third parties that did not involve NetScout, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) invalidated all the patent claims that were also asserted against NetScout in this case. After the PTAB decisions were issued, NetScout moved, among other things, to dismiss the case and enter judgment in its favor on the grounds that the PTAB decisions invalidating the asserted claims precluded Plaintiff from continuing to assert its patent F-37 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) infringement causes of action and from seeking damages from NetScout. The District Court denied NetScout’s motion with respect to its request to dismiss the case and enter judgment in its favor. The District Court entered an amended final judgment awarding Plaintiff $ 2.3 million in post-suit damages, $ 1.1 million in enhanced damages, pre- and post-judgment interest, and a running royalty on the G10 and GeoBlade products until the expiration of the patents at issue, the last expiration date being June 2022. On July 20, 2022, NetScout filed a notice of appeal to the Federal Circuit from, among other things, the amended final judgment. On May 2, 2024, in a separate action the Federal Circuit affirmed the PTAB decisions, which as a result found that all of the patent claims asserted by Packet Intelligence against NetScout were invalid. Also on May 2, 2024, the Federal Circuit ruled in NetScout's favor in its appeal, vacating the District Court's final judgment and remanding the case to the District Court to dismiss the case against NetScout as moot. As a result, during the year ended March 31, 2024, NetScout concluded that the risk of loss associated with damages that may result from this case was remote and recorded a $ 4.6 million reduction in contingent liabilities and legal fees. On June 26, 2024, the District Court issued its Order dismissing the case against NetScout. Unconditional Purchase Obligations At March 31, 2025, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations of $ 80.4 million, which represent estimated open purchase orders to purchase inventory as well as commitments for products and services used in the n ormal course of business. NOTE 20 – SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION The Company's operating segments are determined based on the units that constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by the CODM. The Company's President and CEO is the CODM. Operating results are reviewed by the CODM primarily at the consolidated entity level for the purpose of making resource allocation decisions and for evaluating financial performance, primarily by monitoring actual results compared to forecasted results as well as by reviewing year-over-year results. The Company's CODM evaluates company-wide performance and determines allocation of resources based on multiple performance measures, including but not limited to net income (loss). The Company has determined it operates as a single operating segment and has one reportable segment which includes product and service revenue related to the sale of enterprise performance management, carrier service assurance, cybersecurity, and DDoS protection solutions. The Company's results for the one reportable segment are the same as presented in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and there is no expense information that is supplemental to those disclosed in these consolidated financial statements, that are regularly provided to the CODM. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as total assets. Segment asset information is not used by the CODM to allocate resources. Geographic Information The Company manages its business in the following geographic areas: United States, Europe, Asia and the rest of the world. The Company's policies mandate compliance with economic sanctions and export controls. Total revenue by geography is as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 United States $ 465,470 $ 470,338 $ 583,482 Europe 156,715 146,915 145,678 Asia 63,624 65,396 61,685 Rest of the world 136,870 146,806 123,685 $ 822,679 $ 829,455 $ 914,530 The United States revenue includes sales to resellers in the United States. These resellers fulfill customer orders and may subsequently ship the Company's products to international locations. Further, the Company determines the geography of its sales after considering where the contract originated. A majority of revenue attributable to locations outside of the United States is a result of export sales. Substantially all of the Company's identifiable assets are located in the United States. F-38 Table of Contents NetScout Systems, Inc. Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (in thousands) Balance at Beginning of Fiscal Year Additions Resulting in Charges to Operations Charges to Other Accounts Deductions Due to Write-Offs Balance at End of Fiscal Year Fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 Allowance for credit losses $ 1,649 $ 479 $ 876 $ ( 2,329 ) $ 675 Deferred tax asset valuation allowance $ 13,126 $ 2,486 $ — $ — $ 15,612 Fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 Allowance for credit losses $ 675 $ 485 $ — $ ( 681 ) $ 479 Deferred tax asset valuation allowance $ 15,612 $ 5,571 $ — $ — $ 21,183 Fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 Allowance for credit losses $ 479 $ 195 $ ( 447 ) $ ( 13 ) $ 214 Deferred tax asset valuation allowance $ 21,183 $ 2,806 $ — $ ( 901 ) $ 23,088 S-1