Neuraxis, INC 10-Q

ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited financial statements and the related notes appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and related financing, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. You should read the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” sections of o ur final prospectus filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on August 11, 2023 pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Prospectus”) (filed in connection with our IPO) for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. Overview We are a medical technology company focused on developing neuromodulation therapies to address chronic and debilitating conditions in children and adults. Our mission is to provide solutions that create value and provide better and safer patient outcomes. Our IB-Stim device is a PENFS system intended to be used in patients 11-18 years of age with functional abdominal pain associated with IBS. Our device already has market clearance from FDA for functional abdominal pain associated with IBS in children. Other indications in our pipeline are comprised of functional nausea in children, post-concussion syndrome in children, and cyclic vomiting syndrome in children. Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net loss was $2.2 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $4.4 million and $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $38.3 million. Our auditors have expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern paragraph in their audit opinion. We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to pursue widespread insurance coverage of our IB-Stim device and seek FDA clearance of our device for other indications. There are a number of milestones and conditions that we must satisfy before we will be able to generate sufficient revenue to fund our operations, including FDA clearance of our IB-Stim device to treat future indications. Factors Affecting our Business and Results of Operations Revenue Our revenue is derived from the sale of our IB-Stim device to healthcare companies, primarily hospitals and clinics. Sales generally are not seasonal and only mildly correlated with economic cycles. Our IB-Stim device costs $1,195 per device, and each child being treated for functional abdominal pain associated with IBS will use three to four devices. Potential patients with future indications are expected to use six or more devices per patient. Our sales typically are made on a purchase order basis rather than through long-term purchase commitments. We enter into sales agreements with customers for IB-Stim devices based on purchase orders and standard terms, which vary slightly based on the customer’s form, and conditions of sale. Standard payment terms generally are that payment is due within 30 to 90 days. Our largest sales were to three hospitals representing approximately 37% and 52% of total sales for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and to three hospitals representing approximately 42% and 54% of total sales for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Inflation did not have a material impact on our operations for any applicable period, and we do not expect inflation to have a material impact on our operations for the foreseeable future. Expenses We have four categories of expenses: cost of goods sold, selling expenses, research and development (“R&D”), and general and administrative (“G&A”). Costs of goods sold consist of costs paid for the IB-Stim device to our contract manufacturer along with periodic inventory adjustments and expired inventory write-offs. We expect production costs to remain relatively constant and only nominal inventory expirations in the foreseeable future. Our core selling expenses primarily consist of commissions and shipping costs. These expense items are generally correlated with sales. R&D expense is attributable to our clinical trials and related efforts to have our IB-Stim device cleared by the FDA for other indications. We expect to spend approximately $0.3 million for research and development in 2023 for clinical trials for cyclic vomiting syndrome in children, and we anticipate that these costs will decrease in 2024 as a majority of the clinical trials will be completed. G&A expense consists of payroll and professional fees and is our most significant expense category. Payroll and professional fees account for approximately 86.4% of our G&A expenses. The balance of the expenses are normal operating expenses for facility expenses, utilities, travel, etc. We expect G&A expenses to increase during the remainder of 2023 as we transition to operating as a public company, but we expect G&A expense to stabilize within two years of completion of the IPO. 33 Gross Profit and Gross Margin Our management uses gross profit and gross margin to evaluate the efficiency of operations and as a key component to determining the effectiveness and allocation of resources. We calculate gross profit as revenue less cost of goods sold, and gross margin as gross profit divided by revenue. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, primarily the average selling price of our IB-Stim device, production volume, order flows, change in mix of customers, third-party manufacturing costs related to components of our IB-Stim device, and cost-reduction strategies. We expect our gross profit to increase for the foreseeable future as our revenue grows, both through broader insurer acceptance of our IB-Stim device in the near term and approval of our technology for the treatment of other indications over the longer term. Our gross margin may fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to changes in average selling prices, particularly as we introduce enhancements to our IB-Stim device and new products to address other indications, and as we adopt new manufacturing processes and technologies. Results of Operations Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 ( U naudited) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change Net sales $ 646,021 $ 682,581 $ (36,560 ) $ 1,451,131 $ 1,452,848 $ (1,717 ) Cost of goods sold 67,813 79,009 (11,196 ) 163,713 154,209 9,504 Gross profit 578,208 603,572 (25,364 ) 1,287,418 1,298,639 (11,221 ) Selling expenses 78,791 127,424 (48,633 ) 186,723 263,304 (76,581 ) Research and development 109,789 13,655 96,124 126,586 58,063 68,523 General and administrative 1,507,169 1,132,065 375,104 2,987,923 2,160,161 827,762 Operating loss $ (1,117,541 ) $ (669,582 ) $ (447,959 ) $ (2,013,814 ) $ (1,182,889 ) $ (830,925 ) Other income (expense): Financing charges — (872,763 ) 872,763 (2,772 ) (872,763 ) 869,991 Interest expense (194,690 ) (34,450 ) (160,240 ) (356,378 ) (60,550 ) (295,828 ) Change in fair value of warrant liability (36,050 ) 61,520 97,570 198,757 (569,561 ) 768,318 Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments 860 — 860 192,157 — 192,157 Amortization of debt discount and issuance cost (887,937 ) (12,944 ) (874,993 ) (3,550,592 ) (12,944 ) (3,537,648 ) Extinguishment of derivative liabilities — — — 1,129,498 — 1,129,498 Other Income 2 11,689 (11,687 ) 1,552 11,956 (10,404 ) Other expense (258 ) — (258 ) (7,430 ) — (7,430 ) Total other income (expense) (1,118,073 ) (846,948 ) (271,125 ) (2,395,208 ) (1,503,862 ) (891,346 ) Net loss $ (2,235,614 ) $ (1,516,530 ) $ (719,084 ) $ (4,409,022 ) $ (2,686,751 ) $ (1,722,271 ) 34 Net Sales Net sales decreased $37 thousand, or 5.4%, from $683 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2022, to $646 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Net sales decreased $2 thousand, or 0.1%, from $1,453 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2022, to $1,451 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023.The decreases were primarily due to ordering patterns of our major customers. We believe net sales will increase as we ramp up our marketing efforts and as our IB-Stim device is cleared by the FDA for other indications, such as functional nausea, post-concussion syndrome and cyclic vomiting syndrome in children. Costs of Goods Sold Costs of goods sold decreased 14.2% in the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, mainly because of decreased product sales discussed above. Costs of goods sold increased 6.2% in the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Cost of goods sold slightly increased while sales were relatively flat, mainly because a small amount of devices that were sold below the regular price. We expect costs of goods sold to remain relatively constant as we grow, primarily due to our current pricing with our contract manufacturer. Gross Profit Gross profit increased $25 thousand, from $604 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2022, to $578 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023, representing 89.5% of revenue in the 2023 period and 88.4% of revenue in the 2022 period. Gross profit decreased $11 thousand, from $1,298 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2022, to $1,287 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023, representing 88.7% of revenue in the 2023 period and 89.4% of revenue in the 2022 period. The decreases were primarily due to increased cost of goods sold mentioned above. We believe gross profit will continue to grow as sales increase, which, in turn, is tied to broader insurance coverage. Gross Margin Gross margin increased 1.1%, from 89.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, to 88.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Gross margin remained relatively flat with sales. Gross margin decreased 0.7%, from 88.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, to 89.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Gross margin remained relatively flat with sales. Selling Expenses Selling expenses were down 38.2% in the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Selling expenses were down 29.1% in the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. This was primarily due to lower commission costs in 2023. The commission costs were directly attributable to the decrease in commission rate from 15.0% in 2022 to 12.0% in 2023. Research and Development R&D expense increased 703.4% in the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. R&D expense increased 118.0% in the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. This increase was due to new product development expense in the second quarter of 2023. R&D costs are expected to increase during the remainder of 2023. General and Administrative G&A expense increased 33.1% in the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. G&A expense increased 38.3% in the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. This increase was due primarily to wages and professional fees. We expect G&A expense to decrease in 2024 primarily because of reduced costs following the completion of the IPO. 35 Operating Loss Our operating loss increased $448 thousand, or 66.9%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. operating loss increased $831 thousand, or 70.2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. primarily due to increased wages and professional fees. Other Income (Expense) Other expense increased $271 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and increased $891 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increases were primarily attributable to amortization of debt discount, and interest expense. These losses were primarily offset by extinguishment of derivative liability due to repayment of some of the convertible notes, and favorable changes in the fair value of the derivative and warrant liabilities. Net Loss Our net loss increased approximately $719 thousand, or 47.4%, in the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Net loss increased approximately $1.7 million, or 64.1%, in the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The change was attributable to the increase in G&A expenses, and the other income (expense) section discussed above. Liquidity and Capital Resources We had cash on hand of approximately $51 thousand at June 30, 2023, as compared to cash-on-hand of approximately $254 thousand at December 31, 2022. Working capital deficit for June 30, 2023 was $11.0 million, as compared to working deficit of $6.5 million at December 31, 2022. The decrease in working capital was due to increased accounts payable, and liabilities assumed in connection with issuance of the Notes. See “— Recent Development s.” We have incurred losses since inception and have funded our operations primarily with a combination of sales, debt, and the sale of capital stock. As of June 30, 2023, we had an stockholders’ deficit of approximately $10.0 million. At June 30, 2023, we had short-term outstanding borrowings of approximately $1.5 million, and long-term outstanding borrowings of approximately $.04 million net of discounts of $4,421,424. As of June 30, 2023, we had cash of approximately $51 thousand and a working capital deficit of approximately $11.0 million. Our future capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including progress with developing, manufacturing, and marketing our technologies, the time and costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, and enforcing patent claims and other proprietary rights, our ability to establish collaborative arrangements, marketing activities and competing technological and market developments, including regulatory changes and overall economic conditions in our target markets. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability requires us to successfully market and secure purchase orders for our products from customers currently identified in our sales pipeline and to new customers as well. The primary activity that will drive all customers and revenues is the adoption of insurance coverage by commercial insurance carriers nationally, so this is a top priority of the Company. These activities, including our planned research and development efforts, will require significant uses of working capital through the rest of 2023 and beyond. Based on our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash at the time of this filing will only be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating needs through the first quarter of 2024. We anticipate our sales over the next 12 months to be approximately $10 million, assuming our expectations with respect to acceptance by insurance providers are generally correct, and we anticipate our liquidity needs above and beyond our revenue over the next 12 months to be approximately $4 million. 36 Additionally, we will have to meet all the financial disclosure and reporting requirements associated with being a publicly reporting company. Our management will have to spend additional time on policies and procedures to make sure it is compliant with various regulatory requirements, especially that of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This additional corporate governance time required of management could limit the amount of time our management has to implement our business plan and may delay our anticipated growth plans. We anticipate over the next 12 months the cost of being a reporting public company will be approximately $0.5 million. The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022: Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Net cash used in operating activities $ (1,248,137 ) $ (1,171,895 ) Net cash used by investing activities (13,067 ) (49,815 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 1,058,945 974,498 Operating Activities – Cash used in operating activities primarily consisted of general and administrative expense resulting in a net loss for the year. The net loss was partially offset by favorable changes in accounts payable, and accrued expenses in the 2023 period, and accrued expenses in the 2022 period. Investing Activities – Net cash provided by investing activities primarily consisted of equipment additions. Financing Activities - Net cash provided by financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2023, and the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily consisted of proceeds from new convertible debt. Recent Developments On August 11, 2023, the Company consummated its initial public offering (the “IPO”), conducted on a firm commitment basis, pursuant to which it sold 1,098,667 shares of its common stock at a price of $6.00 per share, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $6.6 million. Net proceeds to the Company, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses paid by the Company, were approximately $6.1 million. All shares sold in our IPO were registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333- 269179), as amended (the “Registration Statement”), declared effective by the SEC on August 8, 2023. Alexander Capital L.P. (“Alexander”) acted as sole book-running manager for the offering and Spartan Capital Securities, LLC acted as co-manager for the offering. The underwriters did not exercise their option to purchase up to an additional 164,801 shares of common stock. The Company paid the underwriters an underwriting discount of seven percent (7%) of the amount raised in the offering. In addition, we also paid the underwriters a non-accountable expense allowance in the amount of 1% (such 8% in commissions and fees amounted to a total of $527 thousand) at closing, as well as $175 thousand for the reimbursement of certain of the underwriters’ expenses. Additionally, as partial consideration for services rendered in connection with the offering, the Company issued Alexander unregistered warrants to purchase an aggregate of 65,921 shares of Company common stock, representing 6.0% of the aggregate shares sold in the offering. The warrants have an initial exercise price of $7.20 per share (equal to 120% of the offering price per share), have a term of five years from the commencement of sales in the offering, and are exercisable at any time. Trademark - The Company entered into an agreement for a trademark related to the Company’s name on July 11, 2022. The agreement called for an initial payment of $10,000 upon execution of the agreement. A second and final payment of $40,000 was contingent upon the completion of the Company’s planned initial public offering. The second payment was recognized and recorded as of the date of the IPO subsequent to the date of our June 30, 2023 financial statements. The trademark does not have a determinate life and therefore the cost is not being amortized. Convertible Debt Conversion – Pursuant to the IPO, all the convertible debt including interest from 2022 and 2023 was either converted into common stock or paid back. $6,760,708 of principal and interest was converted into 1,605,841 shares of common stock at the exercise price of $4.20 per share. During August 2023, $737,453 of principal and interest was repaid in full. These actions extinguished the remaining derivative liabilities, warrant liabilities, and debt discount. Preferred Stock Conversion – Masimo Corporation, being the requisite holder of our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock and Series Seed Preferred Stock delivered a consent, dated December 22, 2022, to automatically convert all shares of preferred stock into shares of common stock upon consummation of the initial public offering. As such, upon closing of the IPO, all Series A Preferred Stock and Series Seed Preferred Stock was converted into 1,244,228 shares of common stock. The Series A Preferred Stock was converted before any dividends were declared or paid. Executive Employment Agreements – On May 4, 2023, the Company amended the Executive Employment Agreements dated August 9, 2022 to state that the deferred bonuses and one-time incentive bonuses will be contingent upon the public offering. As such, upon closing of the IPO, the one-time inventive payments totaling $1.1 million became due immediately. The closing of the IPO also triggered the deferred bonus program to exercise stock options granted in the past. The company will give each employee a cash reimbursement to exercise their options. The cash reimbursement will be in an amount equal to (i) the aggregate of the strike price or exercise price of all Stock Options, as defined hereinafter plus (ii) a tax gross-up payment on the Aggregate Strike Price reasonably calculated by the Company at the highest marginal rates so that after payment of all ordinary income taxes on such Aggregate Strike Price, there remains an amount sufficient to pay such ordinary income taxes. The cash reimbursement will be issued 20% equally during the years 2024 – 2028. The employee must exercise the options on or before the annual deferral bonus payment date to receive the bonus. There are a total of 1,238,712 options pertaining to these agreements with an exercise price of $6.94. From March through July 2023, we entered into Securities Purchase Agreements (the “2023 SPAs”) which provide for advances of up to $6 million in proceeds to us, subject to our satisfaction of certain conditions (“2023 Private Placement”). Pursuant to the 2023 SPAs, from March through July of 2023, we issued Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes (“Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $6,066,667, which amount included an original issue discount (“OID”) of $606,667, and underwriter fees for $464,250, resulting in advance proceeds to us of $5.0 million. The notes automatically converted into Common Stock at an initial public offering on a primary exchange. As a result of the $6 price of the shares sold in the IPO, the Conversion Price was set at $4.20 per share. The Company issued 1,498,332 shares of common stock following the IPO. In connection with the issuance of the Notes, we also issued five-year warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 505,570 shares of common stock with a strike price at a 25% premium to the Conversion Price or $5.25 per share subject to anti-dilution, issuable on a pro rata basis at each funding. 37 The Company used $2.65 million of the cash received from the 2023 Private Placement pay the principal portion of some of the 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes from Leonite Fund I, LP, Bigger Capital Fund, LP, and District 2 Capital Fund, LP reducing the amount due to the original issue discount or an aggregate principal amount of $294,444 which will accrue interest at a rate of 8% per annum without maturity or default rights. The total balance is automatically converting into shares of common stock at a 27.5% discount ($1.65) to the per share offering price ($6.00) in the IPO. On January 12, 2023, we filed a certificate of amendment to our certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and effectuated a reverse stock split of our common stock at a ratio of 1-for-2. All share information has been adjusted for this reverse stock split. On June 23, 2022, the Company filed a Certificate of Conversion to become a Delaware corporation. From June through November of 2022, we entered into Securities Purchase Agreements (the “2022 SPAs”) with Leonite Fund I, LP, Emmis Capital II, LLC, Bigger Capital Fund, LP, District 2 Capital Fund, LP, and Exchange Listing, LLC, which provide for advances of up to $3 million in proceeds to us, subject to our satisfaction of certain conditions. Pursuant to the 2022 SPAs, from June through November of 2022, we issued Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes (“2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $3,333,333, which amount included an original issue discount (“OID”) of $333,333, and legal fees for $130,000, resulting in advance proceeds to us of $3 million. In connection with the issuance of the 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes, we also issued five-year warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 353,111 shares of common stock with an exercise price of the lower of (a) $11.80 and (b) a 12% discount to the price per share in any subsequent offering by the Company, and we entered into a Pledge and Security Agreement with Leonite Fund I, LP, dated June 3, 2022. Pursuant to the Pledge and Security Agreement, the Company granted a security interest in all of its assets in favor of Leonite Fund I, LP, in its capacity as collateral agent for the purchaser parties under the 2022 SPAs. The 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes were issued with OID of 10% of the principal amount and bear interest at the greater of (a) the prime rate of interest, as published by the Wall Street Journal, plus 8.5% per annum, or (b) 12%. The 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes will mature in twelve (12) months from their respective issue dates. Any amount of principal, interest, other amounts due hereunder or penalties on the 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes, which is not paid by maturity date, shall bear interest at the lesser of the rate of twenty four percent (24%) per annum or the maximum legal amount permitted by law, from the due date thereof until the same is paid in full, including following the entry of a judgment in favor of Noteholder. The 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes are convertible into shares of common stock at the lower of (a) $9.44 per share, or (b) a discount of 30% to the price per share in any subsequent offering, subject to adjustment in the event of common stock distribution, stock splits, fundamental transactions, dilutive issuances or similar events affecting our common stock and the conversion price. Interest accrues on the aggregate principal amount (which includes OID) and is payable monthly, at the Company’s election, in cash or in-kind. Upon the advance of the consideration under the 2022 SPAs, the Company is required to issue to the noteholders a number of shares of common stock, calculated based on the value of 10% of the principal amount of the Notes issued in such advance, at a value per share equal to the conversion price of the 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes at the date of such advance (the “Commitment Shares”). Accordingly, in connection with the initial advance and issuance of 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes, assuming a conversion price of $9.44 per share, we issued 35,317 Commitment Shares to the Noteholders. The 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes have certain restrictions on the Company’s issuance of securities, including, among other restrictions, (i) the Company shall not without the Noteholder’s written consent (a) pay, declare or set apart for such payment, any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, property or other securities) on the common stock of the Company other than dividends on common stock solely in the form of additional common stock, or (b) directly or indirectly or through any subsidiary make any other payment or distribution in respect of common stock or equivalents, (ii) unless approved by the Noteholders in writing, the Company shall not enter into an agreement or amend an existing agreement to effect any sale of securities involving, or convert any securities previously issued under, a variable rate transaction, which means a transaction in which the Company (A) issues or sells any convertible securities either (x) at a conversion, exercise or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of, or quotations for, the common stock, or (y) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such convertible securities or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company, or the market for the common stock, or (B) enters into any agreement whereby the Company may sell securities at a future determined price (other than standard and customary “preemptive” or “participation” rights), (iii) the Noteholders have the right, but not the obligation, to participate in the purchase of the securities being offered up to an amount equal to thirty percent (30%) of the principal amount of 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes (the “ Participation Right”) when the Company or its subsidiary proposes to offer and sell its securities, whether in the form of debt, equity financing, or any other financing transaction (each a “Future Offering”); provided that, the Participation Right shall not exceed the lesser of (i) one-third of the aggregate amount of the Future Offering, and (ii) an amount equal to the principal amount (allocated to the Noteholder’s pro-rata to their portion of the principal amount), and (iv) if the Company has a bona fide offer of capital or financing from any third party that the Company intends to act upon, other than an underwritten initial public offering of the Company’s common shares, then the Company must first offer such opportunity to the Noteholders to provide such capital or financing to the Company on the same terms. The 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes holders waived their Participation Right to participate in the December 2022 and January 2023 convertible note issuances described below. 38 We have agreed to pay to the Noteholders any outstanding principal amount of 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes, all accrued and unpaid interest, and fees and penalties, if any, from any future financing proceeds and other future receipts, at the Noteholder’s discretion, except for the right of the Company to make bona fide payments to vendors with common stock. The Company used $2.65 million of the cash received from the 2023 Private Placement to pay the principal portion of some of the 2022 Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes from Leonite Fund I, LP, Bigger Capital Fund, LP, and District 2 Capital Fund, LP reducing the amount due to the original issue discount or an aggregate principal amount of $294,444. This balance will automatically convert into shares of common stock at the terms described below of the lower of (a) $9.44 per share, or (b) a discount of 30% to the price per share in any subsequent offering. From December 2022 through January 2023, the Company issued unsecured convertible promissory notes to three existing investors, Todd Maxwell, Rogan O’Donnell and Michael & Michele Robuck, with an aggregate principal amount of $222,222, which amount included an OID of $22,222, resulting in advance proceeds to us of $200,000. The notes carry an OID of 10% of the principal amount and have an interest rate of 12% per annum. The notes will mature at the earlier of (i) twelve (12) months from the issue date or (ii) the date upon which the Company completes a registered public offering of shares of the Company, which encompasses the closing of the IPO. The notes are convertible into shares of common stock at the higher of (i) $9.44 per share, or (ii) the price per share of common stock issued pursuant to the next registered public offering of shares of the Company made prior to the conversion of any portion of the note. Interest accrues on the aggregate principal amount (which includes OID) and is payable on the maturity date, at the Company’s election, in cash or in-kind. The holders of the notes are entitled to piggyback registration rights on any registration statement filed by the Company, other than any registration statement filed on Form S-4 or Form S-8. We are a party to three advisory agreements with Exchange Listing, LLC, a consultant engaged in connection with listing our common stock for trading on NYSE American. Pursuant to the first advisory agreement with Exchange Listing, dated March 3, 2022, and amended February 10, 2023, we have agreed to pay Exchange Listing a monthly consulting fee of $5,000 and a final payment of $50,000 upon a successful NYSE American listing, and, also upon such listing, to issue Exchange Listing 125,000 shares of our common stock and to issue Exchange Listing five-year warrants to purchase 176,939 shares of our common stock (representing 2.0% of our outstanding shares, after giving effect to the IPO, on a fully-diluted basis) with an exercise price of $6.00 per share (representing the public offering price of the IPO). Pursuant to the second advisory agreement with Exchange Listing, dated June 20, 2022, and amended December 20, 2022, and amended February 10, 2023, we have agreed to pay Exchange Listing fees in the aggregate of up to $136,166 for advice in connection with communication and other related matters leading up to the IPO. Pursuant to the third advisory agreement with Exchange Listing, dated February 10, 2023, we have agreed to issue Exchange Listing 125,000 shares of our common stock as pre-payment for future services. We have agreed to piggyback registration rights with respect to the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants. 39 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We have not utilized any derivative financial instruments such as futures contracts, options and swaps, forward foreign exchange contracts or interest rate swaps and futures. We believe that adequate controls are in place to monitor any hedging activities. We do not intend to hedge any existing or future borrowings and, consequently, we do not expect to be affected by changes in market interest rates. We do not currently have any sales or own assets and operate facilities in countries outside the United States and, consequently, we are not affected by foreign currency fluctuations or exchange rate changes. Overall, we believe that our exposure to interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate changes is not material to our financial condition or results of operations. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements. Critical Accounting Policies We prepare our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the financial reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. We consider the policies discussed below to be critical to an understanding of our financial statements. The SEC defines critical accounting policies as those that are, in management’s view, most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and those that require significant judgments and estimates. The accounting principles we utilized in preparing our financial statements conform in all material respects to U.S GAAP. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Our inventory is comprised of finished medical devices on hand. Certain components within the devices have an expiration date and are removed from current inventory and expensed at the date of expiration. Leases We account for our leases under Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases . We do not record an operating lease right of use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding lease liability for leases with an expected term of 12 months or less and recognize lease expense for these leases as incurred over the lease term. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities for leases with an expected term of more than 12 months are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. For lease present value calculations, absent a rate implicit in the lease, we determine a comparable incremental borrowing rate. The present value is then recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Derivative Financial Instruments We evaluate our financial instruments and other contracts to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the derivative is re-measured at each balance sheet date and recorded as a liability or asset and the change in fair value is recorded in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2020, our derivative financial instruments were comprised of warrants issued in connection with capital raising transactions. Upon settlement of a derivative financial instrument, the instrument is re-measured at the settlement date and the fair value of the underlying instrument is reclassified to equity. 40 The classification of derivative financial instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities/assets or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. Derivative financial instruments that become subject to reclassification are reclassified at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. Derivative financial instruments will be classified in the balance sheet as current if the right to exercise or settle the derivative financial instrument lies with the holder. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized in one major product segment – commercial products. The timing of revenue recognition for this product segment occurs as goods are transferred at a point in time. We estimate credit losses on accounts receivable by estimating expected credit losses over the contractual term of the receivable using a discounted cash flow method. When developing this estimate of expected credit losses, we consider all available information (past, current, and future) relevant to assessing the collectability of cash flows. The Company has concluded that realization losses on balances outstanding at year-end will be immaterial. Recent Accounting Pronouncements There are several recently issued accounting pronouncements that have been reviewed and adopted. The pronouncements regarding leases had a material impact on our financial statements. There are no other recently issued accounting pronouncements that we have not yet adopted that we believe are applicable or would have a material impact on our financial statements. For more information regarding recent accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 1 to our audited financial statements contained in the Prospectus. We are an emerging growth company, and under the JOBS Act, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected not to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards provided to emerging growth companies under the JOBS Act. ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Not applicable.