nCino, Inc. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on April 1, 2025. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in the section titled “Risk Factors.” Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future. Our fiscal year ends on January 31 of each year and references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to a fiscal year mean the year in which that fiscal year ends. For example, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to "fiscal 2026" refer to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026. Overview As employees at financial institutions do their daily work and serve their clients, they often face inefficiencies from disparate systems, broken workflows, manual processes, and the inability to harness and utilize data effectively. This negatively impacts risk management, decision making, and the experiences of bankers and their clients. To solve the problem, FIs need technology that helps them reengineer every experience, intelligently and with agility as market needs shift, and a partner with the experience to help advise on best practices. nCino’s trusted platform enables FIs to consolidate vendors while optimizing operations by integrating artificial intelligence (“AI”) and actionable insights to cohesively bring together people and data and thereby enhance strategic decision-making, risk management, and customer satisfaction. From managing complex credit portfolios to streamlining account onboarding and originating loans, nCino helps FIs of all sizes globally deliver faster, intelligent, and more connected experiences. With the nCino Platform, FIs can: • embrace the power of intelligent automation and uncover data-drive insights, • improve efficiency, • elevate employee and customer experiences, and • manage risk and help ensure compliance more effectively. nCino was originally founded in a bank to improve that institution’s operations and client service. After realizing that virtually all banks and credit unions face the same problems—cumbersome legacy technology, fragmented data, disconnected business functions, and a disengaged workforce which made it difficult to maintain relevancy in their clients’ lives— nCino was spun out as a separate company in late 2011 to help more institutions solve these challenges using cloud-based technology. We initially focused on developing the nCino Platform to transform commercial and small business lending for community and regional banks in the U.S. We scaled the platform to enterprise banks in the U.S. in 2014, and then internationally in 2017. We have subsequently expanded across North America, Europe, the Middle East, Japan and Asia-Pacific (“APAC”). nCino’s approach to market expansion includes strategically building products and acquiring technology to continue to fulfill a platform vision. Over the years, we built and enhanced products internally to ensure innovation and seamless integration across key solution lines of commercial, small business, and consumer banking. Through the strategic acquisitions of SimpleNexus, DocFox, FullCircl, ILT, Visible Equity, FinSuite and most recently, Sandbox Banking, we significantly augmented nCino’s Platform capabilities for mortgage lending, onboarding, account opening, indirect auto lending, and advanced analytics and AI. This approach has allowed us to create a unified platform of best-in-class intelligent solutions, enabling FIs to replace multiple legacy systems, connect their operations, and streamline workflows and processes across various business lines to achieve desired impact and process improvement. 31 Table of Contents We generally offer the nCino Platform on a subscription basis pursuant to non-cancellable multi-year contracts that are typically three to five years in duration. nCino has evolved from a single product workflow solution to a platform of best-in-class, intelligent solutions. Our new Intelligent Solution Framework pricing model helps ensure the value-based positioning and pricing of our products and creates an opportunity to embed intelligence into all our solutions. Starting in fiscal 2025, by moving away from a seat-based pricing model to pricing directly correlated to the FI’s assets, transaction or processing volumes, we began to more directly align our revenues to the usefulness the nCino Platform provides as nCino creates efficiencies for our customers. We sell our solutions directly through our business development managers, account executives, field sales engineers, and customer success managers. Our sales efforts in the U.S. are organized around FIs based on size, whereas internationally, we focus our sales efforts by geography. As of October 31, 2025, we had 182 sales and sales support personnel in the U.S. and 133 sales and support personnel in offices outside the U.S. To help customers go live with our solutions, we offer professional services including configuration and implementation, training, and advisory services. For enterprise FIs, we generally work with system integration (“SI”) partners such as Accenture, Deloitte, and PwC for the delivery of professional services for the nCino Platform. For regional FIs, we work with SIs such as West Monroe Partners, and for community banks, we work with SIs or perform configuration and implementation ourselves. We expect enterprise FIs to make up a greater proportion of our nCino Platform sales. Current Events Effective February 1, 2025, Pierre Naudé retired as the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Sean Desmond was appointed to succeed Mr. Naudé as the Company’s new President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. On the same date, Mr. Naudé was appointed Executive Chairman of the Board . On February 7, 2025, (the “Sandbox Acquisition Date”) we acquired Alphapack, Co. dba Sandbox Banking (“Sandbox Banking”), a digital transformation leader serving the financial services industry, for an aggregate purchase price of $62.9 million, inclusive of an additional earn-out opportunity of up to $10.0 million. This acquisition strengthens our ability to enhance data connectivity and streamline operations for banks and credit unions through an industry-leading Integration Platform as a Service (“iPaaS”) solution for a more intelligent and harmonious technology platform. See Note 6 “Business Combinations” of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information. In March 2025, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $100.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “Stock Repurchase Program”). During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2025, we repurchased 1.4 million and 4.0 million shares of our outstanding common stock for $39.5 million and $100.0 million, respectively, excluding transaction costs and excise tax associated with the repurchases. As of October 31, 2025, no amounts remain available for future repurchases under the Stock Repurchase Program. See Note 8 “Stockholders’ Equity” of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information. We funded the purchase of Sandbox Banking and our purchases under the Stock Repurchase Program primarily through borrowings under our credit facility. On May 27, 2025, we announced the Restructuring Plan in furtherance of our efforts to improve operational efficiencies. We incurred charges of $10.1 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 in connection with the Restructuring Plan. See Note 15 “Restructuring” of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information. For the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2025, our total revenues were $138.8 million and $152.2 million, respectively, representing a 9.6% increase. For the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2025, our subscription revenues were $119.9 million and $133.4 million, respectively, representing an 11.3% increase. We recorded net income attributable to nCino, Inc. of $6.5 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025, compared to a net loss attributable to nCino, Inc. of $5.3 million for the three months ended October 31, 2024. For the nine months ended October 31, 2024 and 2025, our total revenues were $399.3 million and $445.1 million, respectively, representing an 11.5% increase. For the nine months ended October 31, 2024 and 2025, our subscription revenues were $344.2 million and $389.8 million, respectively, representing a 13.2% increase. We recorded net loss attributable to nCino, Inc. of $3.2 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025, compared to net loss attributable to nCino, Inc. of $19.3 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2024. Our total 32 Table of Contents subscription revenues include an aggregate of $5.2 million from FullCircl and Sandbox Banking for the three months ended October 31, 2025 and $16.1 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025. We have included the financial results of Sandbox Banking in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements from the Sandbox Acquisition Date. For fiscal 2026, our financial results also include the operating results of our fiscal 2025 acquisitions of DocFox, ILT, and FullCircl from their acquisition dates of March 20, 2024, April 1, 2024, and November 5, 2024, respectively. Factors Affecting Our Operating Results Market Adoption of Our Solution . Our future growth depends on our ability to expand our reach to new FI customers and increase adoption with existing customers as they broaden their use of our solutions within and across lines of business. Our success in growing our customer base and expanding adoption of our solutions by existing customers requires a focused direct sales engagement and the ability to convince key decision makers at FIs to replace legacy third-party point solutions or internally developed software with our solutions. Our ability to successfully implement our new asset-based pricing model that formally started in fiscal 2025 will also be a key driver. In addition, growing our customer base will require us to increasingly penetrate markets outside the U.S., which accounted for 22.1% of total revenues for the three months ended October 31, 2025 and 22.2% for the nine months ended October 31, 2025. For new customers, our sales cycles are typically lengthy, generally ranging from six to nine months for smaller FIs to 12 to 18 months or more for larger FIs. Key to landing new customers is our ability to successfully take our existing customers live and help them achieve measurable returns on their investment, thereby turning them into referenceable accounts. If we are unable to successfully address the foregoing challenges, our ability to grow our business and achieve profitability will be adversely affected, which may in turn reduce the value of our common stock. Mix of Subscription and Professional Services Revenues. The initial deployment of our solutions by our customers requires a period of implementation and configuration services that typically average less than six months, but may extend beyond twelve months, depending on scope. As a result, during the initial go-live period for a customer on the nCino Platform, professional services revenues generally make up a substantial portion of our revenues from that customer, whereas over time, revenues from established customers are more heavily weighted to subscriptions. While professional services revenues will fluctuate as a percentage of total revenues, we expect subscription revenues will continue to make up an increasing proportion of our total revenues. Macroeconomic Environment. We are currently operating in a fluctuating interest rate environment with inflationary pressures. These fluctuations have had an impact on the real estate market in the U.S. and specifically, the demand for mortgages and mortgage-related products and services, which has had a negative impact on our U.S. Mortgage business. We will continue to monitor the impact the macroeconomic environment may have on our business. Continued Investment in Innovation and Growth . We have made substantial investments in product development, sales and marketing, and strategic acquisitions since our inception to achieve a leadership position in our market and grow our revenues and customer base. We intend to continue to increase our investment in product development in the coming years to maintain and build on this advantage. We also intend to invest in sales and marketing both in the U.S. and internationally to further grow our business. To capitalize on the market opportunity we see ahead of us, we expect to continue to optimize our operating plans for revenue growth and profitability. Components of Results of Operations Revenues We derive our revenues from subscription and professional services and other revenues. Subscription Revenues . Our subscription revenues consist principally of fees from customers for accessing our solutions and maintenance and support services that we generally offer under non-cancellable multi-year contracts, which are typically three to five years in length. Specifically, we offer: • Client onboarding, loan origination, and deposit account opening solutions targeted at a FI’s commercial, small business, and retail lines of business, as well as Banking Advisor and other ancillary products, for which we generally charge on a per seat basis or based upon the asset size of the customer. As we continue to implement our new pricing model, we expect the number of customers we charge based on asset size will increase considerably. 33 Table of Contents • Through our U.S. mortgage business, a digital homeownership solution uniting people, systems, and stages of the mortgage process into a seamless end-to-end journey for which we generally charge on a per seat or anticipated lending volume basis. • Maintenance and support services as well as internal-use or “sandbox” development licenses, for which we generally charge as a percentage of the related subscription fees. Our subscription revenues are generally recognized ratably over the term of the contract beginning upon activation. For new customers, we typically activate all seats at inception of the agreement with stated price increases. In these arrangements, the aggregate license fees over the contract term are recognized as revenue in equal amounts annually over the term. We may also activate a portion of seats at inception of the agreement, with the balance of seats activated at contractually specified points in time thereafter. Both approaches pattern our invoicing after the customer’s expected rate of implementation and adoption. Where seats are activated in stages, we charge subscription fees from the date of activation through the anniversary of the initial activation date, and annually thereafter. Subscription fees are generally billed annually in advance while subscription fees for U.S. mortgage are generally billed monthly. Maintenance and support fees, as well as development licenses, are provided over the same periods as the related subscriptions, so fees are invoiced and revenues are recognized over the same periods. Subscription fees invoiced are recorded as deferred revenue pending recognition as revenues. In certain cases, we are authorized to resell access to Salesforce’s CRM solution along with the nCino Platform. When we resell such access, we charge a higher subscription price and remit a higher subscription fee to Salesforce for these subscriptions. Professional Services and Other Revenues . Professional services and other revenues consist of fees for implementation and configuration assistance, training, and advisory services. For enterprise and larger regional FIs, we generally work with SI partners to provide the majority of implementation services for the nCino Platform, for which these SI partners bill our customers directly. We have historically delivered professional services ourselves for community banks, smaller credit unions, and our U.S. mortgage business. Revenues for implementation, training, and advisory services are generally recognized on a proportional performance basis, based on labor hours incurred relative to total budgeted hours. To date, our losses on professional services contracts have not been material. During the initial go-live period for a customer on the nCino Platform, professional services revenues generally make up a substantial portion of our revenues from that customer, whereas over time, revenues from established customers are more heavily weighted to subscriptions. While professional services revenues will fluctuate as a percentage of total revenues in the future and tend to be higher in periods of faster growth, over time we expect to see subscription revenues make up an increasing proportion of our total revenues. Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin Cost of Subscription Revenues . Cost of subscription revenues consists of fees paid to Salesforce for access to the Salesforce Platform, including Salesforce’s hosting infrastructure and data center operations, along with certain integration fees paid to other third parties. When we resell access to Salesforce’s CRM solution, cost of subscription revenues also includes the subscription fees we remit to Salesforce for providing such access. We also incur costs associated with access to other platforms. In addition, cost of subscription revenues includes personnel-related costs associated with delivering maintenance and support services, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, travel and related costs, amortization of acquired developed technology, and allocated overhead. Our subscription gross margin will vary from period to period as a function of the utilization of support personnel and the extent to which we recognize subscription revenues from the resale of Salesforce’s CRM solution. Cost of Professional Services and Other Revenues . Cost of professional services and other revenues consists primarily of personnel-related costs associated with delivery of these services, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, travel and related costs, and allocated overhead. The cost of providing professional services is significantly higher as a percentage of the related revenues than for our subscription services due to direct labor costs. The cost of professional services revenues has increased in absolute dollars as we have added new customer subscriptions that require professional services and built-out our international professional services capabilities. Realized effective billing and utilization rates drive fluctuations in our professional services and other gross margin on a period-to-period basis. Operating Expenses Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of our sales and marketing employees, including salaries, sales commissions and incentives, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, travel and related costs. We capitalize incremental costs incurred to obtain contracts, primarily consisting of sales commissions, and subsequently amortize these costs over the expected period of benefit, which we have determined to be approximately four 34 Table of Contents years. Sales and marketing expenses also include outside consulting fees, marketing programs, including lead generation, costs of our annual user conference, advertising, trade shows and other event expenses, amortization of intangible assets, and allocated overhead. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase as a percentage of revenues as we expand more into credit unions in the U.S. and on the European continent. Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation associated with our engineering, product and quality assurance personnel, as well as allocated overhead. Research and development expenses also include the cost of third-party contractors. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We expect research and development costs will decrease as a percentage of revenues as we leverage the investments we have made to date. General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation associated with our executive, finance, legal, human resources, information technology, compliance and other administrative personnel. General and administrative expenses also include accounting, auditing and legal professional services fees, travel and other corporate-related expenses, changes in fair value of contingent consideration, and allocated overhead, as well as acquisition-related expenses, such as legal and other professional services fees. We expect general and administrative expenses will decrease as a percentage of revenues as we leverage the investments we have made to date. Non-Operating Income (Expense) Interest Income. Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents. Interest Expense. Interest expense consists primarily of interest related to our financing obligations along with interest expense on borrowings, commitment fees, and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with our secured revolving credit facility. Also included is interest expense accretion for a deferred payment on the acquisition of FullCircl. Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net consists primarily of foreign currency gains and losses, the majority of which is due to the remeasurement of intercompany loans that are denominated in currencies other than the underlying functional currency of the applicable entity. Income Tax Provision (Benefit). Income tax provision (benefit) consists of federal and state income taxes in the U.S. and income taxes in foreign jurisdictions. 35 Table of Contents Results of Operations The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following tables present our selected unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations data for three and nine months ended October 31, 2024 and 2025 in both dollars and as a percentage of total revenues, except as noted. Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, 2024 2025 (1) 2024 2025 (1) ($ in thousands) Revenues: Subscription revenues $ 119,894 $ 133,411 $ 344,211 $ 389,751 Professional services and other revenues 18,903 18,752 55,076 55,364 Total revenues 138,797 152,163 399,287 445,115 Cost of revenues: Cost of subscription revenues 33,769 37,426 98,916 111,543 Cost of professional services and other revenues 19,976 21,051 59,940 65,319 Total cost of revenues 53,745 58,477 158,856 176,862 Gross profit 85,052 93,686 240,431 268,253 Operating expenses: Sales and marketing 29,729 33,107 89,487 103,343 Research and development 33,039 29,541 97,291 97,549 General and administrative 23,108 19,322 66,046 66,454 Total operating expenses 85,876 81,970 252,824 267,346 Income (loss) from operations (824) 11,716 (12,393) 907 Non-operating income (expense): Interest income 482 339 1,408 1,269 Interest expense (1,653) (4,335) (4,965) (13,229) Other income (expense), net 432 200 (162) 17,014 Income (loss) before income taxes (1,563) 7,920 (16,112) 5,961 Income tax provision (benefit) 2,589 (695) 1,360 5,048 Net income (loss) (4,152) 8,615 (17,472) 913 Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest (186) (33) (409) (31) Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest 1,286 2,109 2,205 4,100 Net income (loss) attributable to nCino, Inc. $ (5,252) $ 6,539 $ (19,268) $ (3,156) (1) Includes the operating results of DocFox, ILT, FullCircl and Sandbox Banking from the DocFox Acquisition Date, the ILT Acquisition Date, FullCircl Acquisition Date and the Sandbox Acquisition Date, respectively, see Note 6 “Business Combinations” of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information. 36 Table of Contents The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows: Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2025 2024 2025 Cost of subscription revenues $ 733 $ 804 $ 2,088 $ 2,298 Cost of professional services and other revenues 2,940 3,230 8,699 9,299 Sales and marketing 4,394 4,008 12,534 10,682 Research and development 4,208 4,096 13,720 11,896 General and administrative 5,696 6,113 15,974 18,506 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 17,971 $ 18,251 $ 53,015 $ 52,681 The Company recognized amortization expense for intangible assets as follows: Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2025 2024 2025 Cost of subscription revenues $ 4,404 $ 5,111 $ 12,926 $ 15,301 Cost of professional services and other revenues 82 — 247 165 Sales and marketing 2,871 4,040 8,215 12,115 Total amortization expense $ 7,357 $ 9,151 $ 21,388 $ 27,581 Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, 2024 2025 2024 2025 Revenues: Subscription revenues 86.4 % 87.7 % 86.2 % 87.6 % Professional services and other revenues 13.6 12.3 13.8 12.4 Total revenues 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Cost of revenues (percentage shown in comparison to related revenues): Cost of subscription revenues 28.2 28.1 28.7 28.6 Cost of professional services and other revenues 105.7 112.3 108.8 118.0 Total cost of revenues 38.7 38.4 39.8 39.7 Gross profit 61.3 61.6 60.2 60.3 Operating expenses: Sales and marketing 21.4 21.8 22.4 23.2 Research and development 23.8 19.4 24.4 21.9 General and administrative 16.6 12.7 16.5 14.9 Total operating expenses 61.8 53.9 63.3 60.0 Income (loss) from operations (0.5) 7.7 (3.1) 0.3 Non-operating income (expense): Interest income 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 Interest expense (1.2) (2.8) (1.2) (3.0) Other income (expense), net 0.3 0.1 — 3.8 Income (loss) before income taxes (1.1) 5.2 (3.9) 1.4 Income tax provision (benefit) 1.9 (0.5) 0.3 1.1 Net income (loss) (3.0) % 5.7 % (4.2) % 0.3 % 37 Table of Contents Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended October 31, 2024 and 2025 Revenues Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2025 2024 2025 Revenues: Subscription revenues $ 119,894 86.4 % $ 133,411 87.7 % $ 344,211 86.2 % $ 389,751 87.6 % Professional services and other revenues 18,903 13.6 18,752 12.3 55,076 13.8 55,364 12.4 Total revenues $ 138,797 100.0 % $ 152,163 100.0 % $ 399,287 100.0 % $ 445,115 100.0 % Subscription Revenues Subscription revenues increased $13.5 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to initial revenues from customers who did not contribute to subscription revenues during the prior period, and growth from existing customers within and across lines of business. Of the increase, 48.0% was attributable to increased revenues from existing customers as customers expanded their use and adoption of our solutions, and 52.0% was attributable to initial revenues from customers who did not contribute to subscription revenues during the three months ended October 31, 2024. Subscription revenues were 87.7% of total revenues for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to 86.4% of total revenues for the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily due to growth in our installed base. Subscription revenues increased $45.5 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to initial revenues from customers who did not contribute to subscription revenues during the prior period, and growth from existing customers within and across lines of business. Of the increase, 57.7% was attributable to increased revenues from existing customers as customers expanded their use and adoption of our solutions, and 42.3% was attributable to initial revenues from customers who did not contribute to subscription revenues during the nine months ended October 31, 2024. Subscription revenues were 87.6% of total revenues for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to 86.2% of total revenues for the nine months ended October 31, 2024, primarily due to growth in our installed base. Professional Services and Other Revenues Professional services and other revenues decreased $0.2 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to the mix of solutions being implemented and certain markets yielding lower effective bill rates. Professional services and other revenues increased $0.3 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to the mix of solutions being implemented. Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2025 2024 2025 Cost of revenues (percentage shown in comparison to related revenues): Cost of subscription revenues $ 33,769 28.2 % $ 37,426 28.1 % $ 98,916 28.7 % $ 111,543 28.6 % Cost of professional services and other revenues 19,976 105.7 21,051 112.3 59,940 108.8 65,319 118.0 Total cost of revenues $ 53,745 38.7 $ 58,477 38.4 $ 158,856 39.8 $ 176,862 39.7 Gross profit $ 85,052 61.3 % $ 93,686 61.6 % $ 240,431 60.2 % $ 268,253 60.3 % 38 Table of Contents Cost of Subscription Revenues Cost of subscription revenues increased $3.7 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, generating a gross margin for subscription revenues of 71.9% and 71.8% for the three months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The dollar increase was primarily attributable to a $2.5 million increase in other data costs and a $0.5 million increase in costs related to Salesforce user fees as we continued to add new customers and sell additional functionality to existing customers. The increase also included a $0.7 million increase in amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets. We expect the cost of subscription revenues will continue to increase in absolute dollars as the number of users of the nCino Platform grows. Cost of subscription revenues increased $12.6 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, generating a gross margin for subscription revenues of 71.4% compared to a gross margin of 71.3% for the nine months ended October 31, 2024. The dollar increase was primarily attributable to a $8.0 million increase in other data costs and a $0.9 million increase in costs related to Salesforce user fees as we continued to add new customers and sell additional functionality to existing customers. The increase also included a $2.4 million increase in amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets, as well as a $1.1 million increase in personnel costs due to restructuring costs incurred in connection with the Restructuring Plan and compensation increases. We expect the cost of subscription revenues will continue to increase in absolute dollars as the number of users of the nCino Platform grows. Cost of Professional Services and Other Revenues Cost of professional services and other revenues increased $1.1 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, generating a gross margin for professional services and other revenues of (12.3)% compared to a gross margin of (5.7)% for the three months ended October 31, 2024. For the three months ended October 31, 2025, personnel costs, including stock-based compensation expense, increased $1.0 million compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to compensation increases. The increase also included a $0.3 million increase in allocated overhead primarily attributable to internal investments in AI technology. The decrease in our professional services and other gross margin for the three months ended October 31, 2025 was primarily attributable to strategic investments in expanding our professional service capabilities, coupled with lower effective billing and utilization rates. Cost of professional services and other revenues increased $5.4 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, generating a gross margin for professional services and other revenues of (18.0)% compared to a gross margin of (8.8)% for the nine months ended October 31, 2024. For the nine months ended October 31, 2025, personnel costs, including stock-based compensation expense, increased $4.4 million compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, mainly from an increase in headcount primarily due to acquisitions and restructuring costs incurred in connection with the Restructuring Plan. The increase also included a $1.0 million increase in allocated overhead primarily attributable to internal investments in AI technology. The decrease in our professional services and other gross margin for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 was primarily attributable to strategic investments in expanding our professional service capabilities, coupled with lower effective billing and utilization rates. Operating Expenses Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2025 2024 2025 Operating expenses: Sales and marketing $ 29,729 21.4 % $ 33,107 21.8 % $ 89,487 22.4 % $ 103,343 23.2 % Research and development 33,039 23.8 29,541 19.4 97,291 24.4 97,549 21.9 General and administrative 23,108 16.6 19,322 12.7 66,046 16.5 66,454 14.9 Total operating expenses 85,876 61.8 81,970 53.9 252,824 63.3 267,346 60.0 Income (loss) from operations $ (824) (0.5) % $ 11,716 7.7 % $ (12,393) (3.1) % $ 907 0.3 % Sales and Marketing Sales and marketing expenses increased $3.4 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to an increase of $1.5 million in allocated overhead, inclusive of a $1.2 million increase in amortization expenses for acquired intangible assets. The increase in sales and marketing expenses also 39 Table of Contents included an increase of $1.3 million in personnel costs driven by an increase in headcount, mainly attributable to acquisitions, inclusive of a $0.4 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense. There was also a favorable prior year payroll tax adjustment in the amount of $0.5 million from certain of our foreign subsidiaries that did not recur in the current year in personnel costs. The increase in sales and marketing expenses also included $0.5 million in additional marketing costs. Sales and marketing expenses increased $13.9 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to an increase of $6.3 million in personnel costs driven by an increase in headcount, mainly attributable to acquisitions, and restructuring costs incurred in connection with the Restructuring Plan, as well as compensation increases, inclusive of a $1.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense. There was also a favorable prior year payroll tax adjustment in the amount of $0.5 million from certain of our foreign subsidiaries that did not recur in the current year in personnel costs. The increase in sales and marketing expenses also included an increase of $4.7 million in allocated overhead, inclusive of a $3.9 million increase in amortization expenses for acquired intangible assets, a $3.0 million increase in marketing costs, and a $0.4 million increase in travel costs. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was partially offset by a decrease of $0.5 million in third-party professional services. Sales and marketing headcount increased by 18 from October 31, 2024 to October 31, 2025, primarily attributable to acquisitions and net of restructuring. We expect sales and marketing expenses will increase as a percentage of total revenues as we expand into credit unions in the U.S. and on the European continent. Research and Development Research and development expenses decreased $3.5 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to a decrease of $2.7 million in personnel costs due to the headcount decrease in connection with the Restructuring Plan. The decrease in research and development also included a decrease of $1.0 million in third-party professional fees. The decrease in research and development was partially offset by an increase of $0.4 million in allocated overhead for internal investments in AI technology. Research and development expenses increased $0.3 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to an increase of $1.4 million in allocated overhead primarily attributable to internal investments in AI technology. The increase also included a net increase of $0.6 million in personnel costs, comprised of $3.7 million in restructuring costs incurred in connection with the Restructuring Plan, offset by a $1.8 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense and $1.3 million due to headcount decrease in connection with the Restructuring Plan. The increase in research and development was partially offset by a decrease of $1.6 million in third-party professional fees. Research and development headcount decreased by 46 from October 31, 2024 to October 31, 2025, primarily attributable to the Restructuring Plan. We expect research and development expenses will decrease as a percentage of total revenues as we leverage our existing technology investments. General and Administrative General and administrative expenses decreased $3.8 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to a decrease of $3.3 million in third-party professional fees, mostly attributable to a decrease in acquisition related expenses and professional fees and a decrease of $0.4 million in personnel costs due to the headcount decrease in connection with the Restructuring Plan, inclusive of a $0.4 million increase in stock-based compensation expense. General and administrative expenses increased $0.4 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to an increase of $3.4 million in personnel costs, inclusive of $1.1 million in restructuring costs for severance incurred in connection with the Restructuring Plan and a $2.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expense. The increase in general and administrative expenses also included an increase of $2.3 million in restructuring costs for exit costs and asset write-offs associated with the Restructuring Plan, a $0.5 million increase in allocated overhead, and a $0.4 million increase in the fair value of contingent consideration. The increase in general and administrative spend was partially offset by a decrease of $6.2 million in third-party professional fees, mostly attributable to a decrease in acquisition related expenses and professional fees. 40 Table of Contents General and administrative headcount decreased by 15 from October 31, 2024 to October 31, 2025, primarily attributable to the Restructuring Plan. We expect general and administrative expenses will decrease as a percentage of total revenues as we leverage operational efficiencies from our existing infrastructure. Non-Operating Income (Expense) Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2025 2024 2025 Interest income $ 482 0.3 % $ 339 0.2 % $ 1,408 0.4 % $ 1,269 0.3 % Interest expense (1,653) (1.2) (4,335) (2.8) (4,965) (1.2) (13,229) (3.0) Other income (expense), net 432 0.3 200 0.1 (162) — 17,014 3.8 Interest income decreased $0.1 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to balance and rate fluctuations of our accounts earning interest. Interest expense increased $2.7 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to borrowings on our revolving credit facility. The decrease of $0.2 million in other income (expense), net for the three months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended October 31, 2024, was primarily attributable to remeasurement of intercompany loans and transactions that are denominated in currencies other than the underlying functional currency of the applicable entity. Interest income decreased $0.1 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to balance and rate fluctuations of our accounts earning interest. Interest expense increased $8.3 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, primarily attributable to borrowings on our revolving credit facility. The increase of $17.2 million in other income (expense), net for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2024, was primarily attributable to intercompany loans and transactions that are denominated in currencies other than the underlying functional currency of the applicable entity. Income Tax Provision (Benefit) Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2025 2024 2025 Income tax provision (benefit) $ 2,589 1.9 % $ (695) (0.5) % $ 1,360 0.3 % $ 5,048 1.1 % Income tax provision was $2.6 million for the three months ended October 31, 2024, compared to a benefit of $0.7 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025, and resulted in an effective tax rate of (165.6)% and (8.7)%, respectively. Income tax provision was $1.4 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2024 compared to a provision of $5.0 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2025, and resulted in an effective tax rate of (8.4)% and 84.7%, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the effective tax rate for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 was primarily due to changes in our valuation allowance and profitable foreign jurisdictions. We continue to maintain a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets in several jurisdictions, including the U.S. It is determined by management when a valuation allowance should be recorded, utilizing significant judgment and the use of estimates. Through acquisitions, the Company recorded a net U.S. deferred tax liability mostly related to identifiable intangible assets. The deferred tax liability recognized provides additional positive evidence that a portion of the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets are realizable. As a result, the Company reduced the historical valuation allowance in the U.S. by $2.0 million during the first quarter of the Company’s fiscal 2026. The Company increased the valuation allowance in the United Kingdom by $2.5 million due to limitations on the ability to utilize acquired deferred tax attributes as part of corporate reorganizations related to foreign acquisitions during the second quarter of the Company’s fiscal 2026. On July 4, 2025, H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act was signed into law. This legislation includes several changes to federal tax law that generally allows for more favorable deductibility of certain business expenses beginning in the Company’s fiscal 2026, including the restoration of immediate expensing of domestic research and development expenditures, more favorable rules for determining limitations on deductions for interest expense, and reinstatement of accelerated fixed asset depreciation. These changes were reflected in the income tax provision during the second quarter of the Company's fiscal 2026 and did not result in material changes to the Company’s tax position. In addition, this could increase our operating cash flows in future periods through a reduction in cash remittances of U.S. federal and state income tax. 41 Table of Contents Non-GAAP Financial Measure In addition to providing financial measurements based on GAAP, we provide non-GAAP operating income as an additional financial metric that is not prepared in accordance with GAAP (non-GAAP). Our calculation of non-GAAP operating income is described below. Management uses this non-GAAP financial measure, in addition to GAAP financial measures, to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for financial and operational decision making, for planning and forecasting purposes, and to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure helps us to identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the expenses that we exclude in the calculations of the non-GAAP financial measure. Accordingly, we believe that this financial measure reflects our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in the business and provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results, and enhancing the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects. Although the calculation of non-GAAP financial measures may vary from company to company, our detailed presentation may facilitate analysis and comparison of our operating results by management and investors with other peer companies, many of which use a similar non-GAAP financial measure to supplement their GAAP results in their public disclosures. Non-GAAP operating income . Non-GAAP operating income is defined as income (loss) from operations as reported in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations excluding the following items: Amortization of Purchased Intangibles. nCino incurs amortization expense for purchased intangible assets in connection with certain mergers and acquisitions. Because these costs have already been incurred, cannot be recovered, are non-cash, and are affected by the inherent subjective nature of purchase price allocations, nCino excludes these expenses for our internal management reporting processes. nCino’s management also finds it useful to exclude these charges when assessing the appropriate level of various operating expenses and resource allocations when budgeting, planning and forecasting future periods. Although nCino excludes amortization expense for purchased intangibles from these non-GAAP measures, management believes it is important for investors to understand that such intangible assets were recorded as part of purchase accounting and contribute to revenue generation. Stock-Based Compensation Expense. nCino excludes stock-based compensation expenses primarily because they are non-cash expenses that nCino excludes from our internal management reporting processes. nCino’s management also finds it useful to exclude these expenses when they assess the appropriate level of various operating expenses and resource allocations when budgeting, planning and forecasting future periods. Moreover, because of varying available valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of award types that companies can use, nCino believes excluding stock-based compensation expenses allows investors to make meaningful comparisons between our recurring core business operating results and those of other companies. Acquisition Related Expenses. nCino excludes expenses related to acquisitions as they limit comparability of operating results with prior periods. Acquisition-related expenses, include but are not limited to, costs incurred from third-party professional services firms in connection with business combination, change in fair value of contingent consideration, and one-time integration activities. We believe these costs are non-recurring in nature and outside the ordinary course of business. Litigation Expenses . nCino excludes fees and expenses related to certain litigation expenses incurred from legal matters outside the ordinary course of our business as we believe their exclusion from non-GAAP operating expenses will facilitate a more meaningful explanation of operating results and comparisons with prior period results. Restructuring Costs. nCino excludes costs incurred related to bespoke restructuring plans and other one-time costs, if any, that are fundamentally different in strategic nature and frequency from ongoing initiatives. We believe excluding these costs facilitates a more consistent comparison of operating performance over time. This non-GAAP financial measure does not replace the presentation of our GAAP financial results and should only be used as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. There are limitations in the use of non-GAAP measures because they do not include all of the expenses that must be included under GAAP and because they involve the exercise of judgment concerning exclusions of items from the comparable non-GAAP financial measure. In addition, other companies may use other measures to evaluate their performance, or may calculate non-GAAP measures differently, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison. 42 Table of Contents The following table reconciles non-GAAP operating income to GAAP income (loss) from operations, the most directly comparable financial measure, calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP: Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2025 2024 2025 GAAP income (loss) from operations $ (824) $ 11,716 $ (12,393) $ 907 Adjustments Amortization of intangible assets 7,357 9,151 21,388 27,581 Stock-based compensation expense 17,971 18,251 53,015 52,681 Acquisition-related expenses 3,423 677 9,410 3,401 Litigation expenses (1) 115 — 365 — Restructuring and related charges — 64 — 10,129 Total adjustments 28,866 28,143 84,178 93,792 Non-GAAP operating income $ 28,042 $ 39,859 $ 71,785 $ 94,699 (1) Represents legal expenses related to a closed government antitrust investigation and related settled civil action and a dismissed shareholder derivative lawsuit. Liquidity and Capital Resources As of October 31, 2025, we had $87.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and an accumulated deficit of $384.4 million. Our net losses have been driven by our investments in developing the nCino Platform and scaling our sales and marketing organization and finance and administrative functions to support our rapid growth. To date, we have funded our capital needs through issuances of common stock including our initial public offering in July 2020, operating cash flows, and our revolving line of credit. We generally bill and collect from our customers annually in advance. Our billings are subject to seasonality, with billings in the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year substantially higher than in the second and third quarters. Because we recognize revenues ratably, our deferred revenue balance mirrors the seasonality of our billings. As of October 31, 2025, the Company had $203.5 million outstanding and no letters of credit issued under the credit facility, was in compliance with all covenants, and had borrowing availability of $46.5 million. During the nine months ended October 31, 2025, the Company had net borrowings of $37.5 million to fund the Sandbox Banking acquisition and repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. As of October 31, 2025, the applicable interest rate was 6.16%. See Note 10 “Revolving Credit Facility” of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information. We believe that current cash and cash equivalents as well as borrowings available under the Credit Facility will be sufficient to fund our operations, capital requirements, and stock repurchases for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support research and development efforts to enhance the nCino Platform and introduce new solutions, market acceptance of our solutions, the continued expansion of our sales and marketing activities, capital expenditure requirements, and any potential future acquisitions. We may from time-to-time seek to raise additional capital to support our growth. Any equity financing we may undertake could be dilutive to our existing stockholders, and any debt financing we may undertake could require debt service and financial and operational covenants that could adversely affect our business. There is no assurance we would be able to obtain future financing on acceptable terms or at all. Stock Repurchase Program In March 2025, our Board of Directors authorized the Stock Repurchase Program of up to $100.0 million of our outstanding common stock. As of October 31, 2025 we had completed the repurchase authorization under the Stock Repurchase Program. The volume, price, timing, and manner of repurchases were determined at the Company’s discretion, subject to general market conditions, as well as the Company’s management of capital, general business conditions, other investment opportunities regulatory requirements and other factors. During the nine months ended October 31, 2025, we repurchased 4.0 million shares of our outstanding common stock for $100.0 million, excluding transaction costs and excise tax associated with the repurchases. As of October 31, 2025, no amounts remain available for future repurchases under the Stock Repurchase 43 Table of Contents Program. See Note 8 “Stockholders’ Equity” of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information. nCino K.K. In fiscal 2020, we established nCino K.K., a Japanese company in which we own a controlling interest, for purposes of facilitating our entry into the Japanese market. We have consolidated the results of operations and financial condition of nCino K.K. since its inception. Pursuant to an agreement with the holders of the non-controlling interest in nCino K.K., beginning in 2027 we may redeem the non-controlling interest, or be required to redeem such interest by the holders thereof, based on a prescribed formula derived from the relative revenues of nCino K.K. and the Company. The balance of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported on our balance sheet below total liabilities but above stockholders’ equity at the greater of the initial carrying amount adjusted for the redeemable non-controlling interest’s share of earnings or losses and other comprehensive income or loss, or its estimated redemption value. As part of our joint venture obligations, we made an additional cash capital contribution of $1.0 million to nCino K.K. during the third quarter of fiscal 2024. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2025, the redeemable non-controlling interest was $8.3 million and $12.4 million, respectively. Cash Flows Summary Cash Flow information for the nine months ended October 31, 2024 and 2025 are set forth below: Nine Months Ended October 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2025 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 65,218 $ 77,127 Net cash used in investing activities (92,755) (53,619) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 168,439 (59,815) Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities The $77.1 million provided by operating activities in the nine months ended October 31, 2025 reflects our net income of $0.9 million, offset by $86.8 million in net non-cash charges and $10.6 million used in changes in working capital accounts. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, deferred income taxes, non-cash operating lease costs, loss on disposal of long-lived assets, change in fair value of contingent consideration, provision for bad debt, and amortization of debt issuance costs, partially offset by foreign currency gains related to remeasurement of intercompany loans and transactions and gains on investments. Cash used in working capital accounts was principally a function of a $46.1 million decrease in deferred revenue due to the timing of billings and revenue recognition, a $12.8 million decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities primarily due to the payment of bonuses and commissions, an increase of $12.4 million of capitalized costs to obtain revenue contracts, which consisted primarily of sales commissions, a $3.1 million decrease in operating lease liabilities, and a $0.9 million decrease in accounts payable. The cash used in working capital accounts was partially offset by $63.1 million decrease in accounts receivable due to the timing of billings and collections from customers, and a $1.5 million decrease in prepaid expenses. The $65.2 million provided by operating activities in the nine months ended October 31, 2024 reflects our net loss of $17.5 million, offset by $88.7 million in non-cash charges and $6.0 million used in changes in working capital accounts. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, non-cash operating lease costs, partially offset by deferred income taxes and foreign currency gains related to intercompany loans and transactions. Cash generated by working capital accounts was principally a function of a $41.6 million decrease in deferred revenue, due to the timing of billings and revenue recognition, an increase of $13.2 million of capitalized costs to obtain revenue contracts, which consisted primarily of sales commissions, a $2.9 million decrease in operating lease liabilities, and a $0.1 million decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The cash generated by working capital accounts was partially offset by a $50.2 million decrease in accounts receivable due to timing of billings and collections from customers, a $1.0 million increase in other long term liabilities, $0.7 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets, and a $0.1 million increase in accounts payable. 44 Table of Contents Net Cash Used in Investing Activities The $53.6 million used in investing activities in the nine months ended October 31, 2025 was comprised of $50.3 million used for the acquisition of Sandbox, $7.0 million for the purchase of property and equipment and leasehold improvements to support the expansion of our business primarily for one of our international offices, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of an investment of $3.7 million. The $92.8 million used in investing activities in the nine months ended October 31, 2024 was comprised of $90.8 million used for the acquisition of DocFox and ILT, $1.5 million for the purchase of property and equipment and leasehold improvements to support the expansion of our business, and $0.5 million for an asset acquisition. Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities The $59.8 million used in financing activities in the nine months ended October 31, 2025 was comprised principally of repurchases of our common stock of $100.1 million, payments of $65.0 million on our credit facility, and principal payments of $1.2 million on financing obligations. The cash used in financing activities was offset by $102.5 million proceeds from borrowings on our credit facility to fund the acquisition of Sandbox Banking and to make repurchases of our common stock under the stock repurchase program, $2.4 million of proceeds from stock issuances under the employee stock purchase plan, and $1.6 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options. The $168.4 million provided by financing activities in the nine months ended October 31, 2024 was comprised principally of payments of $241.0 million of borrowings on the 2022 and 2024 Credit Facility to fund the acquisition of DocFox and FullCircl, $2.5 million of proceeds from stock issuances under the employee stock purchase plan, and $2.2 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options. The cash provided by financing activities was partially offset by payments of $75.0 million on the 2022 credit facility, payments of debt issuance costs of $1.4 million, and principal payments of $0.9 million on financing obligations. Contractual Obligations and Commitments Our estimated future obligations principally consist of leases related to our facilities, purchase obligations related primarily to licenses and hosting services, financing obligations for leases for which we are considered the owners for accounting purposes, acquisition liabilities, and the Credit Facility. See Note 6 “Business Combinations,” Note 9 “Leases,” Note 10 “Revolving Credit Facility,” and Note 11 “Commitments and Contingencies” of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these judgments and estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be significant. There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies or estimates as compared to those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on April 1, 2025. Recent Accounting Pronouncements See Note 1 “Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for recently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted, if applicable.