MID PENN BANCORP INC 10-Q

mpb-20230331 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20549 FORM 10-Q ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ________ to ________ Commission file number 1-13677 MID PENN BANCORP, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) Pennsylvania 25-1666413 (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 2407 Park Drive Harrisburg , Pennsylvania 17110 (Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code 1.866 . 642.7736 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share MPB The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer o Accelerated Filer x Emerging Growth Company o Non-accelerated Filer o Smaller Reporting Company o If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x As of April 28, 2023, the registrant had 15,907,861 shares of common stock outstanding, par value $1.00 per share. 1 Table of Contents FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1 – Financial Statements 4 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited) 4 Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 5 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 6 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 7 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 8 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 10 Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 34 Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 47 Item 4 – Controls and Procedures 47 PART II – OTHER INFORMATION 49 Item 1 – Legal Proceedings 49 Item 1A – Risk Factors 49 Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 49 Item 3 – Defaults upon Senior Securities 49 Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures 49 Item 5 – Other Information 49 Item 6 – Exhibits 50 Signatures 51 Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "Mid Penn", "Corporation" "we", "us", and "our" refer to Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc. and its consolidated wholly-owned banking subsidiary and nonbank subsidiaries. 2 Table of Contents GLOSSARY OF DEFINED ACRONYMS AND TERMS 2014 Plan 2014 Restricted Stock Plan 2023 Plan 2023 Stock Incentive Plan ACL Allowance for Credit Losses AFS Available for Sale AOCI Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ASC Accounting Standards Codification ASU Accounting Standards Update the Bank Mid Penn Bank Bank Merger Merger of Brunswick Bank with and into Mid Penn Bank bp or bps basis point(s) Brunswick Brunswick Bancorp Brunswick Acquisition Merger/acquisition of Brunswick Brunswick Bank Brunswick Bank & Trust Company CECL Current Expected Credit Losses DCF Discounted Cash Flow DRIP Dividend Reinvestment Plan FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh FICO the Financing Corporation FOMC Federal Open Market Committee FTE Fully taxable-equivalent HFS Held for Sale HTM Held to Maturity LDA Loss Driver Analysis LIHTC Low-Income Housing Tax Credits Loans Loans, net of unearned interest Management Discussion Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Merger Merger of Brunswick with and into Mid Penn Merger Agreement Agreement and Plan of Merger between Mid Penn and Brunswick Mid Penn or the Corporation Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc. N/M Not meaningful OBS Off-Balance Sheet OCI Other Comprehensive Income OTTI Other-than-temporary impairment PCD Purchased Credit Deteriorated PCL Provision for Credit Losses - Loans PDR Periodic default rate PPP Paycheck Protection Program Riverview Riverview Financial Corporation Riverview Acquisition Merger acquisition of Riverview Financial Corporation ROA Return on Assets ROE Return on Equity SBA Small Business Association SEC Securities Exchange Commission SOFR Secured Overnight Financing Rate SRC Smaller Reporting Companies TDR Troubled Debt Restructuring WSJP Wall Street Journal Prime 3 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED) (In thousands, except per share data) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 ASSETS Cash and due from banks $ 51,158 $ 53,368 Interest-bearing balances with other financial institutions 4,996 4,405 Federal funds sold 6,017 3,108 Total cash and cash equivalents 62,171 60,881 Investment securities: HTM, at amortized cost (fair value $ 352,454 and $ 348,505 ) 396,784 399,494 AFS, at fair value 236,609 237,878 Equity securities available for sale, at fair value 438 430 Loans held for sale, at fair value 2,677 2,475 Loans, net of unearned interest 3,611,347 3,514,119 Less: ACL - Loans ( 31,265 ) ( 18,957 ) Net loans 3,580,082 3,495,162 Premises and equipment, net 34,191 34,471 Operating lease right of use asset 8,414 8,798 Finance lease right of use asset 2,862 2,907 Cash surrender value of life insurance 50,928 50,674 Restricted investment in bank stocks 8,041 8,315 Accrued interest receivable 19,205 18,405 Deferred income taxes 15,548 13,674 Goodwill 114,231 114,231 Core deposit and other intangibles, net 6,916 7,260 Foreclosed assets held for sale 248 43 Other assets 44,120 42,856 Total Assets $ 4,583,465 $ 4,497,954 LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Deposits: Noninterest-bearing demand $ 797,038 $ 793,939 Interest-bearing transaction accounts 2,197,216 2,325,847 Time 883,827 658,545 Total Deposits 3,878,081 3,778,331 Short-term borrowings 88,000 102,647 Long-term debt 4,316 4,409 Subordinated debt 56,794 56,941 Operating lease liability 9,270 9,725 Accrued interest payable 5,809 2,303 Other liabilities 30,402 31,499 Total Liabilities 4,072,672 3,985,855 Shareholders' Equity: Common stock, par value $ 1.00 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 16,098,354 issued at March 31, 2023 and 16,094,486 at December 31, 2022; 15,890,011 outstanding at March 31, 2023 and 15,886,143 at December 31, 2022 16,098 16,094 Additional paid-in capital 387,332 386,987 Retained earnings 129,617 133,114 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 17,374 ) ( 19,216 ) Treasury stock, at cost; 208,343 shares at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 ( 4,880 ) ( 4,880 ) Total Shareholders’ Equity 510,793 512,099 Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity $ 4,583,465 $ 4,497,954 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements. 4 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED) Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 INTEREST INCOME Loans, including fees $ 45,865 $ 35,016 Investment securities: Taxable 3,874 1,953 Tax-exempt 389 336 Other interest-bearing balances 53 13 Federal funds sold 45 314 Total Interest Income 50,226 37,632 INTEREST EXPENSE Deposits 12,001 2,294 Short-term borrowings 1,490 — Long-term and subordinated debt 686 924 Total Interest Expense 14,177 3,218 Net Interest Income 36,049 34,414 Provision for credit losses - loans 490 500 Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses - Loans 35,559 33,914 NONINTEREST INCOME Fiduciary and wealth management 1,236 1,052 ATM debit card interchange 1,056 1,057 Service charges on deposits 435 684 Mortgage banking 384 529 Mortgage hedging 20 566 Net loss on sales of SBA loans — ( 9 ) Earnings from cash surrender value of life insurance 254 246 Other 940 1,625 Total Noninterest Income 4,325 5,750 NONINTEREST EXPENSE Salaries and employee benefits 13,844 13,244 Software licensing and utilization 1,946 2,106 Occupancy, net 1,886 1,799 Equipment 1,251 1,011 Shares tax 899 920 Legal and professional fees 800 639 ATM/card processing 493 517 Intangible amortization 344 481 FDIC Assessment 340 591 Gain on sale or write-down of foreclosed assets, net — ( 16 ) Merger and acquisition 224 — Post-acquisition restructuring — 329 Other 4,043 4,124 Total Noninterest Expense 26,070 25,745 INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES 13,814 13,919 Provision for income taxes 2,587 2,565 NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS $ 11,227 $ 11,354 PER COMMON SHARE DATA: Basic Earnings Per Common Share $ 0.71 $ 0.71 Diluted Earnings Per Common Share $ 0.70 $ 0.71 Weighted-average basic shares outstanding 15,886,186 15,957,864 Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding 15,931,121 15,977,936 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements. 5 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED) Three Months Ended March 31, (In Thousands) 2023 2022 Net income $ 11,227 $ 11,354 Other comprehensive income (loss): Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period on available for sale securities, net of income tax (cost) benefit of ($ 526 ) and $ 1,390 , respectively. (1) 1,977 ( 5,230 ) Unrealized holding losses arising during the period on interest rate derivatives used in cash flow hedges, net of income tax benefit of $ 34 and $ 0 , respectively. (1) ( 128 ) — Change in defined benefit plans, net of income taxes of $ 1 and $ 33 , respectively (1), (2) 5 127 Reclassification adjustment for settlement gains and activity related to benefit plans, net of income tax benefit of $ 3 and $ 0 , respectively (1), (3) ( 12 ) ( 1 ) Total other comprehensive income (loss) 1,842 ( 5,104 ) Total comprehensive income $ 13,069 $ 6,250 (1) The income tax impacts of the components of other comprehensive income are calculated using the 21% statutory tax rate for March 31, 2023 and 2022. (2) The change in defined benefit plans consists primarily of unrecognized actuarial gains (losses) on defined benefit plans during the period. (3) The reclassification adjustment for benefit plans includes settlement gains, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net gain or loss. Amounts are included in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income within total noninterest income. See "Note 11 – Postretirement Benefit Plans," for additional information. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements. 6 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Treasury Stock Total Shareholders' Equity (In thousands, except per share data) Shares Amount Balance, January 1, 2023 16,094,486 $ 16,094 $ 386,987 $ 133,114 $ ( 19,216 ) $ ( 4,880 ) $ 512,099 Net income — — — 11,227 — — 11,227 Total other comprehensive income, net of taxes — — — — 1,842 — 1,842 Common stock cash dividends declared - $ 0.20 per share — — — ( 3,176 ) — — ( 3,176 ) Impact of adopting CECL (1) — — — ( 11,548 ) — — ( 11,548 ) Employee Stock Purchase Plan 2,217 2 55 — — — 57 Director Stock Purchase Plan 1,651 2 41 — — — 43 Restricted stock activity — — 249 — — — 249 Balance, March 31, 2023 16,098,354 $ 16,098 $ 387,332 $ 129,617 $ ( 17,374 ) $ ( 4,880 ) $ 510,793 Balance, January 1, 2022 16,056,282 $ 16,056 $ 384,742 $ 91,043 $ 158 $ ( 1,923 ) $ 490,076 Net income — — — 11,354 — — 11,354 Total other comprehensive loss, net of taxes — — — — ( 5,104 ) — ( 5,104 ) Common stock cash dividends declared - $ 0.20 per share — — — ( 3,191 ) — — ( 3,191 ) Riverview restricted stock adjustment — — 776 — — — 776 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 1,710 2 44 — — — 46 Director Stock Purchase Plan 1,377 1 35 — — — 36 Restricted stock activity — — 168 — — — 168 Balance, March 31, 2022 16,059,369 $ 16,059 $ 385,765 $ 99,206 $ ( 4,946 ) $ ( 1,923 ) $ 494,161 (1) The Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" effective January 1, 2023. See "Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for further details. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements. 7 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands) 2023 2022 Operating Activities: Net Income $ 11,227 $ 11,354 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Provision for credit losses - loans 490 500 Depreciation 1,202 966 Amortization of intangibles 344 481 Net amortization of security discounts/premiums 127 197 Noncash operating lease expense 509 419 Amortization of finance lease right of use asset 45 45 Earnings on cash surrender value of life insurance ( 254 ) ( 246 ) Mortgage loans originated for sale ( 24,615 ) ( 10,488 ) Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans originated for sale 24,797 15,057 Gain on sale of mortgage loans ( 384 ) ( 529 ) SBA loans originated for sale — ( 669 ) Proceeds from sales of SBA loans originated for sale — 721 Loss on sale of SBA loans — 9 Gain on sale of property, plant, and equipment ( 31 ) ( 45 ) Loss on sale of bank premises and equipment held for sale — 809 Write-off of bank premises and equipment held for sale — 705 Accretion of subordinated debt ( 147 ) ( 140 ) Stock compensation expense 249 168 Change in deferred income tax benefit 706 321 Increase accrued interest receivable ( 800 ) ( 256 ) Decrease (increase) in other assets 775 ( 1,749 ) Increase in accrued interest payable 3,506 276 Decrease in operating lease liability ( 580 ) ( 555 ) Decrease in other liabilities ( 4,217 ) ( 6,438 ) Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities 12,949 10,913 Investing Activities: Proceeds from the maturity or call of available-for-sale securities 3,743 1,478 Purchases of available-for-sale securities — ( 90,330 ) Proceeds from the maturity or call of held-to-maturity securities 2,611 5,898 Purchases of held-to-maturity securities — ( 39,928 ) Stock dividends of FHLB and other bank stock 110 — Reduction of restricted investment in bank stock 164 1,497 Net (increase) decrease in loans ( 97,156 ) ( 17,271 ) Purchases of bank premises and equipment ( 922 ) ( 1,372 ) Proceeds from the sale of premises and equipment 31 71 Net change in investments in tax credits and other partnerships ( 2,174 ) ( 4,376 ) Net Cash Used In Investing Activities ( 93,593 ) ( 144,333 ) Financing Activities: Net increase (decrease) in deposits 99,750 ( 12,979 ) Common stock dividends paid ( 3,176 ) ( 3,191 ) Proceeds from Employee and Director Stock Purchase Plan stock issuance 100 82 Riverview restricted stock (1) — 776 Net change in finance lease liability ( 23 ) ( 22 ) Net change in short-term borrowings ( 14,647 ) — Long-term debt repayment ( 70 ) ( 6,567 ) Net Cash Provided by (Used In) Financing Activities 81,934 ( 21,901 ) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 1,290 ( 155,321 ) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 60,881 913,752 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 62,171 $ 758,431 8 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: Cash paid for interest $ 10,671 $ 2,942 Supplemental Noncash Disclosures: Recognition of operating lease right of use assets $ 125 $ 115 Recognition of operating lease liabilities 125 115 Obsolete Riverview asset write-off — 705 Loans transferred to foreclosed assets held for sale 205 125 (1) Additionally, 2,500 shares of restricted stock were paid out in cash resulting in $ 776 thousand of cash consideration relating to stock awards. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements. 9 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation For all periods presented, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiary, Mid Penn Bank, and five nonbank subsidiaries, MPB Financial Services, LLC, which includes MPB Wealth Management, LLC and MPB Risk Services, LLC, MPB Launchpad Fund I, LLC and MPB Charitable Foundation Inc. As of March 31, 2023, the accounts and activities of these nonbank subsidiaries were not material to warrant separate disclosure or segment reporting. As a result, Mid Penn has only one reportable segment for financial reporting purposes. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information and disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Mid Penn believes the information presented is not misleading, and the disclosures are adequate. For comparative purposes, the March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2022 balances have been reclassified, when necessary, to conform to the 2023 presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net income or total shareholders’ equity. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for fair presentation of the periods presented have been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the "2022 Annual Report"). Mid Penn has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date of March 31, 2023, for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements. CECL Adoption and Updated Significant Accounting Policy On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which replaces the incurred loss methodology, and is referred to as CECL. The measurement of expected credit losses under CECL is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans and HTM debt securities. It also applies to OBS credit exposures (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with ASC Topic 842. The Corporation adopted CECL using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost, net of investments in leases and OBS credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under CECL, while prior period results are reported in accordance with the previously applicable incurred loss methodology. The Corporation recorded an overall increase of $ 15.0 million to the ACL on January 1, 2023 as a result of the adoption of CECL. Retained earnings decreased $ 11.5 million and deferred tax assets increased by $ 3.1 million. Included in the $ 15.0 million increase to the ACL was $ 3.1 million for certain OBS credit exposures that were previously recognized in other liabilities before the adoption of CECL. On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Subtopic 310-40, Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires entities to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of ASC Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost. See "Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans" for the new financial statement disclosures applicable under this update. The updates to the significant accounting policies related to CECL are further discussed in "Note 3 - Investment Securities", "Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans" and "Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies". 10 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. All other significant accounting policies used in preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are disclosed in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report. Those significant accounting policies are unchanged at March 31, 2023. Accounting Standards Pending Adoption ASU No. 2023-02: The FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. The amendments in this update permit reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. A reporting entity may make an accounting policy election to apply the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than electing to apply the proportional amortization method at the reporting entity level or to individual investments. The amendments in this update also remove certain guidance for Qualified Affordable Housing Project investments and require the application of the delayed equity contribution guidance to all tax equity investments. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and must be applied on either a modified retrospective or a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period, however if adopted in an interim period the entity shall adopt the amendments in this update as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2023-02 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Note 2 - Business Combination Brunswick Acquisition On December 20, 2022, Mid Penn entered into a Merger Agreement with Brunswick pursuant to which Brunswick will be merged with and into Mid Penn bank with Mid Penn being the surviving corporation in the Merger. Immediately following consummation of the Merger, Brunswick Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brunswick, will be merged with and into Mid Penn Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mid Penn, with Mid Penn Bank being the surviving bank in the Bank Merger. The Merger Agreement was approved by the boards of directors and shareholders of Mid Penn and Brunswick. See "Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022," for additional details. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, shareholders of Brunswick will have the right to elect to receive, subject to adjustment and proration as described in the Merger Agreement, either (A) 0.598 shares of Mid Penn common stock or (B) Eighteen Dollars ($ 18.00 ) for each share of Brunswick common stock they own. On April 25, 2023, Mid Penn and Brunswick issued a joint press release announcing the receipt of all bank regulatory and shareholder approvals required to consummate the merger of Brunswick into Mid Penn. The transaction is expected to close in May 2023. Note 3 - Investment Securities FASB ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," was adopted by Mid Penn on January 1, 2023. ASU 2016-13 introduces the CECL methodology for estimating allowances for credit losses. ASU 2016-13 applies to all financial instruments carried at amortized cost, including HTM securities, and makes targeted improvements to the accounting for credit losses on AFS securities. In order to comply with ASU 2016-13, Mid Penn conducted a review of its investment portfolio and determined that for certain classes of securities it would be appropriate to assume the expected credit loss to be zero. This zero-credit loss assumption applies to debt issuances of the U.S. Treasury and agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government. The reasons behind the adoption of the zero-credit loss assumption are as follows: • High credit rating • Long history with no credit losses • Guaranteed by a sovereign entity • Widely recognized as "risk-free rate" • Can print its own currency • Currency is routinely held by central banks, used in international commerce, and commonly viewed as reserve currency 11 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. • Currently under the U.S. Government conservatorship or receivership Mid Penn will continuously monitor any changes in economic conditions, credit downgrades, changes to explicit or implicit guarantees granted to certain debt issuers, and any other relevant information that would indicate potential credit deterioration and prompt Mid Penn to reconsider its zero-credit loss assumption. At the date of adoption, Mid Penn’s estimated allowance for credit losses on AFS and HTM securities under ASU 2016-13 was deemed immaterial due to the composition of these portfolios. Both portfolios consist primarily of U.S. government agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities for which the risk of loss is minimal. Therefore, Mid Penn did not recognize a cumulative effect adjustment through retained earnings related to the AFS and HTM securities. AFS Securities ASU 2016-13 makes targeted improvements to the accounting for credit losses on AFS securities. The concept of other-than-temporarily impaired has been replaced with the allowance for credit losses. Unlike HTM securities, AFS securities are evaluated on an individual level and pooling of securities is not allowed. Quarterly, Mid Penn evaluates if any security has a fair value less than its amortized cost. Once these securities are identified, in order to determine whether a decline in fair value resulted from a credit loss or other factors, Mid Penn performs further analysis as outlined below: • Review the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost and observe the security’s lowest credit rating as reported by third-party credit ratings companies. • The securities that violate the credit loss triggers above would be subjected to additional analysis that may include, but is not limited to: changes in market interest rates, changes in securities credit ratings, security type, service area economic factors, financial performance of the issuer/or obligor of the underlying issue and third-party guarantee. • If Mid Penn determines that a credit loss exists, the credit portion of the allowance will be measured using a DCF analysis using the effective interest rate as of the security’s purchase date. The amount of credit loss Mid Penn records will be limited to the amount by which the amortized cost exceeds the fair value. The DCF analysis utilizes contractual maturities, as well as third-party credit ratings and cumulative default rates published annually by a reputable third-party. At March 31, 2023, the results of the analysis did not identify any securities that violate the credit loss triggers; therefore, no DCF analysis was performed and no credit loss was recognized on any of the securities available for sale. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses for AFS securities. At March 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable totaled $ 1.0 million for AFS securities and was reported in other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. HTM Securities ASU 2016-13 requires institutions to measure expected credit losses on financial assets carried at amortized cost on a collective or pool basis when similar risks exist. Mid Penn uses several levels of segmentation in order to measure expected credit losses: • The portfolio is segmented into agency and non-agency securities. • The non-agency securities are separated into state and political subdivision obligations and corporate debt securities. Each individual segment is categorized by third-party credit ratings. As discussed above, Mid Penn has determined that for certain classes of securities it would be appropriate to assume the expected credit loss to be zero, which include debt issuances of the U.S. Treasury and agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government. This assumption will be reviewed and attested to quarterly. 12 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. At March 31, 2023, Mid Penn’s HTM securities totaled $ 396.8 million. After applying appropriate probability of default and loss given default assumptions, the total amount of current expected credit losses was deemed immaterial. Therefore, no reserve was recorded at March 31, 2023. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses for HTM securities. At March 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable totaled $ 2.2 million for HTM securities and was reported in other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. At March 31, 2023, Mid Penn had no HTM securities that were past due 30 days or more as to principal or interest payments. Mid Penn had no HTM securities classified as nonaccrual at March 31, 2023. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities for the periods presented: March 31, 2023 (In thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Available-for-sale U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies $ 36,554 $ — $ 1,304 $ 35,250 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 182,196 — 16,592 165,604 State and political subdivision obligations 4,349 — 652 3,697 Corporate debt securities 35,471 — 3,413 32,058 Total available-for-sale debt securities 258,570 — 21,961 236,609 Held-to-maturity U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies $ 245,703 $ — $ 30,853 $ 214,850 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 49,050 — 6,061 42,989 State and political subdivision obligations 87,048 33 6,324 80,757 Corporate debt securities 14,983 — 1,125 13,858 Total held-to-maturity debt securities 396,784 33 44,363 352,454 Total $ 655,354 $ 33 $ 66,324 $ 589,063 December 31, 2022 (In thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Available-for-sale U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies $ 36,528 $ — $ 1,614 $ 34,914 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 185,993 — 19,078 166,915 State and political subdivision obligations 4,354 — 815 3,539 Corporate debt securities 35,467 — 2,957 32,510 Total available-for-sale debt securities $ 262,342 $ — $ 24,464 $ 237,878 Held-to-maturity U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies $ 245,671 $ — $ 34,834 $ 210,837 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 50,710 — 6,676 44,034 State and political subdivision obligations 87,125 — 8,345 78,780 Corporate debt securities 15,988 — 1,134 14,854 Total held-to-maturity debt securities 399,494 — 50,989 348,505 Total $ 661,836 $ — $ 75,453 $ 586,383 Estimated fair values of debt securities are based on quoted market prices, where applicable. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of instruments of a similar type, credit quality and structure, 13 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. adjusted for differences between the quoted instruments and the instruments being valued. See "Note 7 - Fair Value Measurement," for additional information. Investment securities having a fair value of $ 376.2 million at March 31, 2023 and $ 338.8 million at December 31, 2022 were pledged to secure public deposits, some Trust department deposit accounts, and certain other borrowings. In accordance with legal provisions for alternatives other than pledging of investments, Mid Penn also obtains letters of credit from the FHLB to secure certain public deposits. These FHLB letter of credit commitments totaled $ 183.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and $ 189.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The following tables present gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt investment securities aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods presented: (Dollars in thousands) Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total March 31, 2023 Number of Securities Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Available-for-sale debt securities: U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies 15 $ 28,440 $ 615 4 $ 6,810 $ 689 19 $ 35,250 $ 1,304 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 35 77,144 2,903 58 88,460 13,689 93 165,604 16,592 State and political subdivision obligations — — — 8 3,697 652 8 3,697 652 Corporate debt securities 9 17,768 1,452 7 11,040 1,961 16 28,808 3,413 Total available-for-sale debt securities 59 $ 123,352 $ 4,970 77 $ 110,007 $ 16,991 136 $ 233,359 $ 21,961 Held-to-maturity debt securities: U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies 23 38,341 1,272 122 176,509 29,581 145 214,850 30,853 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 5 875 33 59 42,114 6,028 64 42,989 6,061 State and political subdivision obligations 73 26,077 576 114 48,360 5,748 187 74,437 6,324 Corporate debt securities 2 2,760 232 6 7,149 893 8 9,909 1,125 Total held-to-maturity debt securities 103 68,053 2,113 301 274,132 42,250 404 342,185 44,363 Total 162 $ 191,405 $ 7,083 378 $ 384,139 $ 59,241 540 $ 575,544 $ 66,324 (Dollars in thousands) Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total December 31, 2022 Number of Securities Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Number of Securities Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Available-for-sale securities: U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies 19 $ 34,914 $ 1,614 — $ — $ — 19 $ 34,914 $ 1,614 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 69 131,879 11,876 24 35,036 7,202 93 166,915 19,078 State and political subdivision obligations 6 2,521 671 2 1,018 144 8 3,539 815 Corporate debt securities 12 25,063 2,153 4 4,196 804 16 29,259 2,957 Total available-for-sale securities 106 194,377 16,314 30 40,250 8,150 136 234,627 24,464 Held-to-maturity securities: U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies 54 $ 84,946 $ 10,093 91 $ 125,891 $ 24,741 145 $ 210,837 $ 34,834 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 40 13,866 1,071 24 30,168 5,605 64 44,034 6,676 State and political subdivision obligations 185 73,735 7,413 18 4,616 932 203 78,351 8,345 Corporate debt securities 4 5,721 317 5 5,182 817 9 10,903 1,134 Total held to maturity securities 283 178,268 18,894 138 165,857 32,095 421 344,125 50,989 Total 389 $ 372,645 $ 35,208 168 $ 206,107 $ 40,245 557 $ 578,752 $ 75,453 There were no gross realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale debt securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. 14 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The table below illustrates the contractual maturity of debt investment securities at amortized cost and estimated fair value. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay with or without call or prepayment penalties. (In thousands) Available-for-sale Held-to-maturity March 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Due in 1 year or less $ 250 $ 250 $ 3,339 $ 3,322 Due after 1 year but within 5 years 42,815 41,209 92,148 87,515 Due after 5 years but within 10 years 30,444 27,141 210,891 183,926 Due after 10 years 2,865 2,405 41,356 34,702 76,374 71,005 347,734 309,465 Mortgage-backed securities 182,196 165,604 49,050 42,989 $ 258,570 $ 236,609 $ 396,784 $ 352,454 Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Mid Penn adopted the amendments of FASB ASU 2016-13, on January 1, 2023. The amendments of ASU 2016-13 created FASB ASC Topic 326, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses," which, among other things, replace much of the guidance and disclosures previously provided in FASB ASC Topic 310, "Receivables." The guidance in FASB ASC Topic 326 replaces the incurred loss methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit losses. In accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 326-20, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost," Mid Penn has developed an ACL methodology effective January 1, 2023, which replaces its previous allowance for loan losses methodology. See the section captioned "Allowance for Credit Losses, effective January 1, 2023" within this note for additional information regarding Mid Penn’s ACL. Mid Penn adopted FASB ASC Topic 326 using the modified retrospective approach prescribed by the amendments of ASU 2016-13; therefore, prior period balances are presented under legacy GAAP and may not be comparable to current period presentation. Loans, net of unearned income, are summarized as follows by portfolio segment: (In thousands) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate (1) $ 1,899,168 $ 2,052,934 Commercial and industrial 605,610 596,042 Construction 486,172 441,246 Residential mortgage (1) 612,427 416,221 Consumer 7,970 7,676 Total loans $ 3,611,347 $ 3,514,119 (1) In accordance with the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 326, Mid Penn redefined its loan portfolio segments and related loan classes based on the level at which risk is monitored within the ACL methodology. As such, $ 181.9 million of loans were reclassified from Commercial real estate to Residential mortgage upon adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023. Prior periods were not reclassified. Total loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principle, adjusted for net deferred fees and costs. Net deferred loan fees of $ 4.1 million and $ 3.9 million reduced the carrying value of loans as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is not included in the amortized cost basis of Mid Penn's loans. At March 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable for loans totaled $ 15.9 million with no related ACL and was reported in other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. 15 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are summarized as follows: (In thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Receivable > 90 Days and Accruing March 31, 2023 Commercial real estate $ 1,849 $ 60 $ 3,000 $ 4,909 $ 1,894,259 $ 1,899,168 $ — Commercial and industrial 616 148 1,434 2,198 603,412 605,610 — Construction 1,580 — 2,257 3,837 482,335 486,172 — Residential mortgage 3,367 125 1,959 5,451 606,976 612,427 7 Consumer 40 1 — 41 7,929 7,970 — Total $ 7,452 $ 334 $ 8,650 $ 16,436 $ 3,594,911 $ 3,611,347 $ 7 (In thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Receivable > 90 Days and Accruing December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate $ 1,792 $ — $ 1,438 $ 3,230 $ 2,047,167 $ 2,050,397 $ — Commercial and industrial 1,808 3 1,854 3,665 592,377 596,042 654 Construction 2,258 — — 2,258 438,988 441,246 — Residential mortgage 3,826 955 670 5,451 409,630 415,081 — Consumer 44 19 — 63 7,613 7,676 — Loans acquired with credit deterioration: Commercial real estate 78 — 826 904 1,633 2,537 — Commercial and industrial — — — — — — — Construction — — — — — — — Residential mortgage 223 228 241 692 448 1,140 — Consumer — — — — — — — Total $ 10,029 $ 1,205 $ 5,029 $ 16,263 $ 3,497,856 $ 3,514,119 $ 654 Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines that the full repayment of principal and collection of interest according to contractual terms in no longer likely, generally when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due. Nonaccrual loans by loan portfolio class, including loans acquired with credit deterioration, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows: March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Non-accrual Loans Total non-accrual Loans (In thousands) With a Related Allowance Without a Related Allowance Total Commercial real estate $ 462 $ 6,202 $ 6,664 $ 4,864 Commercial and industrial 1,241 193 1,434 1,222 Construction — 2,257 2,257 — Residential mortgage 96 2,812 2,908 1,698 Consumer — 262 262 411 $ 1,799 $ 11,726 $ 13,525 $ 8,195 16 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The amount of interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was approximately $ 182 thousand and $ 257 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Credit Quality Indicators Mid Penn categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. On a minimum of a quarterly basis, Mid Penn analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to their credit risk. The following table present risk ratings by loan portfolio segment and origination year, which is the year of origination or renewal. 17 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. March 31, 2023 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial real estate Pass $ 68,074 $ 500,219 $ 287,476 $ 279,492 $ 185,711 $ 521,638 $ 28,383 $ 1,870,993 Special mention — — — — — 8,952 — 8,952 Substandard or lower — — — 1,148 988 16,794 293 19,223 Total commercial real estate 68,074 500,219 287,476 280,640 186,699 547,384 28,676 1,899,168 Gross charge offs — — — — — ( 16 ) — ( 16 ) Net charge offs — — — — — ( 16 ) — ( 16 ) Commercial and industrial Pass 43,415 120,182 91,301 42,947 54,784 65,984 171,458 590,071 Special mention — 352 43 — — 2,366 3,630 6,391 Substandard or lower — — — — 6,122 1,931 1,095 9,148 Total commercial and industrial 43,415 120,534 91,344 42,947 60,906 70,281 176,183 605,610 Gross charge offs — — — ( 111 ) — — — ( 111 ) Net charge offs — — — ( 111 ) — — — ( 111 ) Construction Pass 24,152 185,866 164,384 49,764 11,076 21,531 27,143 483,916 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard or lower — — — — — 2,256 — 2,256 Total construction 24,152 185,866 164,384 49,764 11,076 23,787 27,143 486,172 Residential mortgage Performing 33,493 123,202 75,607 81,379 23,143 196,827 75,607 609,258 Non-performing — — — 211 — 2,942 16 3,169 Total residential mortgage 33,493 123,202 75,607 81,590 23,143 199,769 75,623 612,427 Gross charge offs — — — — — ( 4 ) — ( 4 ) Current period recoveries — — — — — 30 — 30 Net recoveries — — — — — 26 — 26 Consumer Performing 342 1,160 982 449 327 1,221 3,489 7,970 Non-performing — — — — — — — — Total consumer 342 1,160 982 449 327 1,221 3,489 7,970 Gross charge offs ( 16 ) — ( 3 ) — — — — ( 19 ) Current period recoveries 7 — — — — — — 7 Net charge offs ( 9 ) — ( 3 ) — — — — ( 12 ) Total Pass $ 135,641 $ 806,267 $ 543,161 $ 372,203 $ 251,571 $ 609,153 $ 226,984 $ 2,944,980 Special mention — 352 43 — — 11,318 3,630 15,343 Substandard or lower — — — 1,148 7,110 20,981 1,388 30,627 Performing 33,835 124,362 76,589 81,828 23,470 198,048 79,096 617,228 Nonperforming — — — 211 — 2,942 16 3,169 Total $ 169,476 $ 930,981 $ 619,793 $ 455,390 $ 282,151 $ 842,442 $ 311,114 $ 3,611,347 18 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Mid Penn had no loans classified as "doubtful" as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Collateral-Dependent Loans A financial asset is considered to be collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. For all classes of financial assets deemed collateral-dependent, the Corporation elected the practical expedient to estimate expected credit losses based on the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. In most cases, the Corporation records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. Substantially all of the collateral supporting collateral-dependent financial assets consists of various types of real estate, including residential properties; commercial properties such as retail centers, office buildings, and lodging; agriculture land; and vacant land. Allowance for Credit Losses, effective January 1, 2023 Mid Penn’s ACL - loans methodology is based upon guidance within FASB ASC Subtopic 326-20, as well as regulatory guidance from its the FDIC, primary federal regulator. The ACL - loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Credit quality within the loan portfolio is continuously monitored by management and is reflected within the ACL - loans. The ACL - loans is an estimate of expected losses inherent within Mid Penn’s existing loan portfolio. The ACL - loans is adjusted through the PCL and reduced by the charge off of loan amounts, net of recoveries. The loan loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of Mid Penn’s loan portfolio segments. When computing allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools based on loss history and other credit trends and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. Evaluations of the portfolio and individual credits are inherently subjective, as they require estimates, assumptions and judgments as to the facts and circumstances of particular situations. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgement by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the ACL and credit loss expense. Mid Penn estimates the ACL using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Mid Penn uses a third-party software application to calculate the quantitative portion of the ACL using a methodology and assumptions specific to each loan pool. The qualitative portion of the allowance is based on general economic conditions and other internal and external factors affecting Mid Penn as a whole, as well as specific loans. Factors considered include the following: lending process, concentrations of credit, and credit quality. The quantitative and qualitative portions of the allowance are added together to determine the total ACL, which reflects management’s expectations of future conditions based on reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the ACL has two basic components: a collective, or pooled, component for estimated expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics, and an asset-specific component involving individual loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans. In estimating the ACL for the collective component, loans are segregated into loan pools based on loan purpose codes and similar risk characteristics. The commercial real estate and residential mortgage loan portfolio segments include loans for both commercial and residential properties that are secured by real estate. The underwriting process for these loans includes analysis of the financial position and strength of both the borrower and, if applicable, guarantor, experience with similar projects in the past, market demand and prospects for successful completion of the proposed project within the established budget and schedule, values of underlying collateral, availability of permanent financing, maximum loan-to-value ratios, minimum equity requirements, acceptable amortization periods and minimum debt service coverage requirements, based on property type. The borrower’s financial strength and capacity to repay their obligations remain the primary focus of underwriting. Financial strength is evaluated based upon analytical tools that consider historical and projected cash flows and performance in addition to analysis of the proposed project for income-producing properties. Additional support offered by guarantors is also considered when applicable. Ultimate repayment of these loans is sensitive to interest rate changes, general economic conditions, liquidity and availability of long-term financing. The commercial and industrial loan portfolio segment includes commercial loans made to many types of businesses for various purposes, such as short-term working capital loans that are usually secured by accounts receivable and inventory, equipment and fixed asset purchases that are secured by those assets and term financing for those within Mid Penn’s 19 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. geographic markets. Mid Penn’s credit underwriting process for commercial and industrial loans includes analysis of historical and projected cash flows and performance, evaluation of financial strength of both borrowers and guarantors as reflected in current and detailed financial information and evaluation of underlying collateral to support the credit. The consumer loan portfolio segment is comprised of loans which are underwritten after evaluating a borrower’s capacity, credit and collateral. Several factors are considered when assessing a borrower’s capacity, including the borrower’s employment, income, current debt, assets and level of equity in the property. Credit is assessed using a credit report that provides credit scores and the borrower’s current and past information about their credit history. Loan-to-value and debt-to-income ratios, loan amount and lien position are also considered in assessing whether to originate a loan. These borrowers are particularly susceptible to downturns in economic trends, such as conditions that negatively affect housing prices and demand and levels of unemployment. Mid Penn utilizes a DCF method to estimate the quantitative portion of the allowance for credit losses for loan pools. The DCF is based off of historical losses, including peer data, which is correlated to national unemployment and GDP. The PD and LGD measures are used in conjunction with prepayment data as inputs into the DCF model to calculate the cash flows at the individual loan level. Contractual cash flows based on loan terms are adjusted for PD, LGD and prepayments to derive loss cash flows. These loss cash flows are discounted by the loan’s coupon rate to arrive at the discounted cash flow based quantitative loss. The prepayment studies are updated quarterly by a third-party for each applicable pool. Mid Penn determined that reasonable and supportable forecasts could be made for a twelve-month period for all of its loan pools. To the extent the lives of the loans in the LHFI portfolio extend beyond this forecast period, Mid Penn uses a reversion period of four quarters and reverts to the historical mean on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the loans. Qualitative factors used in the ACL methodology include the following: • Lending process • Concentrations of credit • Credit Quality The ACL for individual loans, such as non-accrual and PCD, that do not share risk characteristics with other loans is measured as the difference between the discounted value of expected future cash flows, based on the effective interest rate at origination, and the amortized cost basis of the loan, or the net realizable value. The ACL is the difference between the loan’s net realizable value and its amortized cost basis (net of previous charge-offs and deferred loan fees and costs), except for collateral-dependent loans. A loan is collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral. The expected credit loss for collateral-dependent loans is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral, adjusted for the estimated cost to sell. Fair value estimates for collateral-dependent loans are derived from appraised values based on the current market value or the "as is" value of the collateral, normally from recently received and reviewed appraisals. Current appraisals are ordered on a regular basis based on the inspection date or more often if market conditions necessitate. Appraisals are obtained from state-certified appraisers and are based on certain assumptions, which may include construction or development status and the highest and best use of the property. These appraisals are reviewed by Mid Penn’s Appraisal Review Department to ensure they are acceptable, and values are adjusted down for costs associated with asset disposal. If the calculated expected credit loss is determined to be permanent or not recoverable, the amount of the expected credit loss is charged off. Mid Penn may also purchase loans or acquire loans through a business combination. At the purchase or acquisition date, loans are evaluated to determine whether there has been more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. Loans that have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination are referred to as PCD loans. In its evaluation of whether a loan has experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, Mid Penn takes into consideration loan grades, past due and nonaccrual status. The Corporation may also consider external credit rating agency ratings for borrowers and for non-commercial loans, FICO score or band, probability of default levels, and number of times past due. At the purchase or acquisition date, the amortized cost basis of PCD loans is equal to the purchase price and an initial estimate of credit losses. The initial recognition of expected credit losses on PCD loans has no impact on net income. When the initial measurement of expected credit losses on PCD loans is calculated on a pooled loan basis, the expected credit losses are allocated to each loan within the pool. Any difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the unpaid principal balance of the loan represents a noncredit discount or premium, which is accreted (or 20 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. amortized) into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL on PCD loans are recorded through the PCL. For purchased loans that are not deemed to have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination and are therefore not deemed PCD, any discounts or premiums included in the purchase price are accreted (or amortized) over the contractual life of the individual loan. Loans are charged off against the ACL, with any subsequent recoveries credited back to the ACL account. Expected recoveries may not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off. The following table presents the activity in the ACL - loans by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023: (In thousands) Commercial real estate Commercial and industrial Construction Residential mortgage Consumer Unallocated Total Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 13,142 $ 4,593 $ — $ 1,319 $ 29 $ ( 126 ) $ 18,957 Impact of adopting CECL 288 6,600 3,201 1,562 154 126 11,931 Loans charged off ( 16 ) ( 111 ) — ( 4 ) ( 19 ) — ( 150 ) Recoveries — — — 30 7 — 37 Net loans (charged off) recovered ( 16 ) ( 111 ) — 26 ( 12 ) — ( 113 ) Provision for credit losses ( 102 ) 187 430 ( 33 ) 8 — 490 Balance at March 31, 2023 $ 13,312 $ 11,269 $ 3,631 $ 2,874 $ 179 $ — $ 31,265 The following table presents the ACL for loans and the amortized cost basis of the loans by the measurement methodology used as of March 31, 2023: (In thousands) ACL - Loans Loans March 31, 2023 Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss Total ACL - Loans Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss Total Loans Commercial Real Estate $ 13,175 $ 137 $ 13,312 $ 1,892,504 $ 6,664 $ 1,899,168 Commercial & Industrial 10,587 682 11,269 604,176 1,434 605,610 Construction 3,631 — 3,631 483,916 2,256 486,172 Residential Mortgage 2,868 6 2,874 608,872 3,555 612,427 Consumer 179 — 179 7,970 — 7,970 Total $ 30,440 $ 825 $ 31,265 $ 3,597,438 $ 13,909 $ 3,611,347 21 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Allowance for Credit Losses, prior to January 1, 2023 The following table summarizes the allowance and recorded investments in loans receivable: (In thousands) As of, and for the three months ended, March 31, 2022 Commercial Real Estate Commercial and industrial Construction Residential mortgage Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan and lease losses: Beginning balance, January 1, 2022 $ 9,415 $ 3,439 $ 38 $ 1,019 $ 2 $ 684 $ 14,597 Charge-offs — — — — ( 57 ) — ( 57 ) Recoveries 65 13 24 1 4 — 107 Provisions 511 359 ( 21 ) 25 53 ( 427 ) 500 Ending balance, March 31, 2022 9,991 3,811 41 1,045 2 257 15,147 Individually evaluated for impairment 114 75 — — — — 189 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 9,877 $ 3,736 $ 41 $ 1,045 $ 2 $ 257 $ 14,958 Loans Receivable Ending Balance $ 1,722,668 $ 586,444 $ 382,131 $ 418,830 $ 11,458 $ — $ 3,121,531 Individually Evaluated for impairment 1,101 523 — 1,437 — — 3,061 Acquired with credit deterioration 2,109 — 1,221 1,370 — — 4,700 $ 1,719,458 $ 585,921 $ 380,910 $ 416,023 $ 11,458 $ — $ 3,113,770 The information presented in the designated internal risk categories by portfolio segment table presented above is not required for periods prior to the adoption of CECL. The following table presents the most comparable required information for the prior period, internal credit risk ratings, for the indicated loan portfolio segments as of December 31, 2022: (In thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Total December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate $ 2,018,088 $ 12,325 $ 22,521 $ 2,052,934 Commercial and industrial 582,540 4,212 9,290 596,042 Construction 438,990 2,256 — 441,246 Residential mortgage 409,259 3,104 3,858 416,221 Consumer 7,676 — — 7,676 Total loans $ 3,456,553 $ 21,897 $ 35,669 $ 3,514,119 Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty From time to time, we may modify certain loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. In some cases, these modifications may result in new loans. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension, or a combination thereof, among other things. 22 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Information as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to loans modified (by type of modification) in the preceding twelve months, respectively, whereby the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty at the time of modification, is set forth in the following table: (In thousands) Interest Only Combination: Interest Only and Term Extension March 31, 2023 Commercial real estate $ 51 $ 180 $ 51 $ 180 Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments The Corporation manages its exposure to certain interest rate risks through the use of derivatives, however, none are entered into for speculative purposes. During the first quarter of March 31, 2023, Mid Penn entered into outstanding derivative contracts designated as hedges. As of and December 31, 2022, Mid Penn did not designate any derivative financial instruments as formal hedging relationships. Mid Penn’s free-standing derivative financial instruments are required to be carried at their fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Mortgage Banking Derivative Financial Instruments In connection with its mortgage banking activities, Mid Penn enters into commitments to originate certain fixed-rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, Mid Penn enters into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Loan-level Interest Rate Swaps Mid Penn enters into loan-level interest rate swaps with certain qualifying, creditworthy commercial loan customers to meet their interest rate risk management needs. Mid Penn simultaneously enters into parallel interest rate swaps with dealer counterparties, with identical notional amounts and terms. The net result of the offsetting customer and dealer counterparty swap agreements is that the customer pays a fixed rate of interest and Mid Penn receives a floating rate. Mid Penn’s loan-level interest rate swaps are considered derivatives, but are not accounted for using hedge accounting. Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk The Corporation’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to reduce volatility in net interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Corporation primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. During the first quarter of 2023, the Corporation entered into interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges to hedge the cash flows associated with existing brokered CDs. For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into interest income in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income as interest payments are made on the Corporation’s variable-rate liabilities. During the next twelve months, the Corporation estimates that an additional $ 919 thousand will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense. 23 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The following table presents a summary of the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments: March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (In thousands) Notional Amount Asset (Liability) Fair Value Notional Amount Asset (Liability) Fair Value Interest Rate Lock Commitments Positive Fair Values $ 4,830 $ 40 $ 274 $ 3 Negative Fair Values 1,962 ( 6 ) 5,252 ( 40 ) Forward Commitments Positive Fair Values 1,474 22 4,750 43 Negative Fair Values 312 — — — Interest Rate Swaps with Customers Positive Fair Values 24,463 655 16,650 164 Negative Fair Values 104,827 ( 9,607 ) 107,145 ( 11,533 ) Interest Rate Swaps with Counterparties Positive Fair Values 104,827 9,607 107,145 11,533 Negative Fair Values 24,463 ( 655 ) 16,650 ( 164 ) Interest Rate Swaps used in Cash Flow Hedges Positive Fair Values 75,000 172 — — Negative Fair Values 25,000 ( 253 ) — — The following table presents derivative financial instruments and the amount of the net fair value gains (losses) recognized within other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statement of Income: Three months ended (In thousands) March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022 Interest Rate Lock Commitments $ 71 $ ( 187 ) Forward Commitments ( 51 ) 753 Total $ 20 $ 566 The following table presents the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI: (I n thousands ) Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI Included Component Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI Excluded Component Location of Loss recognized from AOCI into Income Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Expense Included Component Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Expense Excluded Component Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: Balance at March 31, 2023 Interest Rate Swaps $ ( 163 ) $ ( 163 ) $ — Interest Expense $ 81 $ 81 $ — 24 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The gross amounts of commercial loan swap derivatives, the amounts offset and the carrying values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the collateral pledged to support such agreements are presented below: (In thousands) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Interest Rate Swap Contracts - Commercial Loans: Gross amounts recognized (1) $ 10,262 $ 11,697 Gross amounts offset (2) 10,262 11,697 Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets — — Gross amounts not offset: Financial instruments — — Cash collateral (3) 1,600 1,600 Net Amounts $ 1,600 $ 1,600 (1) Included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (2) Included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (3) Included in cash and due from banks on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Note 6 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, are as follows: (I n thousands ) Unrealized Loss on Securities Unrealized Holding Losses on Interest Rate Derivatives used in Cash Flow Hedges Defined Benefit Plans Total Balance at December 31, 2022 $ ( 19,327 ) $ — $ 111 $ ( 19,216 ) OCI before reclassifications 1,977 ( 128 ) 5 1,854 Amounts reclassified from AOCI — — ( 12 ) ( 12 ) Balance at March 31, 2023 $ ( 17,350 ) $ ( 128 ) $ 104 ( 17,374 ) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ ( 255 ) $ — $ 413 $ 158 OCI before reclassifications ( 5,230 ) — 127 ( 5,103 ) Amounts reclassified from AOCI — — ( 1 ) ( 1 ) Balance at March 31, 2022 $ ( 5,485 ) $ — $ 539 $ ( 4,946 ) Note 7 - Fair Value Measurement The Corporation uses estimates of fair value in applying various accounting standards for its consolidated financial statements on either a recurring or non-recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between willing and able market participants. The Corporation groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three hierarchy levels, based on the observability and transparency of the inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows: Level 1 - Inputs that represent quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 2 - Inputs that represent quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 - Inputs that are largely unobservable, as little or no market data exists for the instrument being valued. A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. There were no transfers of assets between fair value Level 1 and Level 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022. 25 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The following tables illustrate the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. March 31, 2023 (In thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Available-for-sale securities: U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies $ — $ 35,250 $ — $ 35,250 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies — 165,604 — 165,604 State and political subdivision obligations — 3,697 — 3,697 Corporate debt securities — 32,058 — 32,058 Equity securities 438 — — 438 Loans held for sale — 2,677 — 2,677 Other assets: Derivative assets — 10,496 — 10,496 Total $ 438 $ 249,782 $ — $ 250,220 December 31, 2022 (In thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Available-for-sale securities: U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies $ — $ 34,914 $ — $ 34,914 Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies — 166,915 — 166,915 State and political subdivision obligations — 3,539 — 3,539 Corporate debt securities — 32,510 — 32,510 Equity securities 430 — — 430 Loans held for sale — 2,475 — 2,475 Other assets: Derivative assets — 11,703 — 11,703 Total $ 430 $ 252,056 $ — $ 252,486 The valuation methodologies and assumptions used to estimate the fair value for the items in the preceding tables are as follows: Available for sale investment securities - The fair value of equity and debt securities classified as available for sale is determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities, but rather, relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. Equity securities - The fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values is recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in other expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Loans held for sale - This category includes mortgage loans held for sale that are measured at fair value. Fair values as of March 31, 2023 were measured as the price that secondary market investors were offering for loans with similar characteristics. Derivative assets - Interest rate swaps are measured by alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency in markets that are not active. Based on the complex nature of interest rate swap agreements, the markets these instruments trade in are not as efficient and are less liquid than that of the more mature Level 1 markets. These markets do, however, have comparable, observable inputs in which an alternative pricing source values these assets in order to arrive at a fair market value. These characteristics classify interest rate swap agreements as Level 2. 26 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Mortgage banking derivatives represent the fair value of mortgage banking derivatives in the form of interest rate locks and forward commitments with secondary market investors and the fair value of interest rate swaps. The fair values of the Corporation’s interest rate locks, forward commitments and interest rate swaps represent the amounts that would be required to settle the derivative financial instruments at the balance sheet date. These characteristics classify interest rate swap agreements as Level 2. See "Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information. Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances . The following table illustrates Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis: (In thousands) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Individually evaluated loans, net of ACL $ 13,084 $ 938 Foreclosed assets held for sale 248 43 Net loans - This category consists of loans that were individually evaluated for impairment, net of the related ACL, and have been classified as Level 3 assets. In 2022, the amount shown is the balance of individually evaluated loans reporting a specific allocation or that have been partially charged-off. All of these loans are considered collateral-dependent; therefore, all of Mid Penn’s impaired loans, whether reporting a specific allowance allocation or not, are considered collateral- dependent. Mid Penn utilized Level 3 inputs such as independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally includes various Level 3 inputs which are not observable. Appraisals may be adjusted downward by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. Foreclosed assets held for sale - Values are based on appraisals that consider the sales prices of property in the proximate vicinity. The following tables summarize the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of Mid Penn's financial instruments as of the periods presented: March 31, 2023 Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value (In thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial instruments - assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 62,171 $ 62,171 $ — $ — $ 62,171 Available-for-sale investment securities 236,609 — 236,609 — 236,609 Held-to-maturity investment securities 396,784 — 352,454 — 352,454 Equity securities 438 438 — — 438 Loans held for sale 2,677 — 2,677 — 2,677 Net loans 3,580,082 — — 3,517,331 3,517,331 Restricted investment in bank stocks 8,041 8,041 — — 8,041 Accrued interest receivable 19,205 19,205 — — 19,205 Derivative assets 10,496 — 10,496 — 10,496 Financial instruments - liabilities Deposits $ 3,878,081 $ — $ 3,867,729 $ — $ 3,867,729 Short-term debt 88,000 — 88,000 — 88,000 Long-term debt (1) 1,049 — 1,052 — 1,052 Subordinated debt 56,794 — 56,915 — 56,915 Accrued interest payable 5,809 5,809 — — 5,809 Derivative liabilities 10,521 — 10,521 — 10,521 27 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. December 31, 2022 Estimated Fair Value (In thousands) Carrying Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial instruments - assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 60,881 $ 60,881 $ — $ — $ 60,881 Available-for-sale investment securities 237,878 — 237,878 — 237,878 Held-to-maturity investment securities 399,494 — 348,505 — 348,505 Equity securities 430 430 — — 430 Loans held for sale 2,475 — 2,475 — 2,475 Net loans 3,495,162 — — 3,439,948 3,439,948 Restricted investment in bank stocks 8,315 8,315 — — 8,315 Accrued interest receivable 18,405 18,405 — — 18,405 Derivative assets 11,743 — 11,743 — 11,743 Financial instruments - liabilities Deposits $ 3,778,331 $ — $ 3,761,260 $ — $ 3,761,260 Short-term debt 102,647 — 102,647 — 102,647 Long-term debt (1) 1,119 — 1,069 — 1,069 Subordinated debt 56,941 — 55,917 — 55,917 Accrued interest payable 2,303 2,303 — — 2,303 Derivative liabilities 11,737 — 11,737 — 11,737 (1) Long-term debt excludes finance lease obligations. The Bank’s outstanding and unfunded credit commitments and financial standby letters of credit were deemed to have no significant fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies Guarantees and commitments to extend credit Mid Penn is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. The commitments include various guarantees and commitments to extend credit. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Mid Penn evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written are conditional commitments to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Mid Penn had $ 54.6 million and $ 57.2 million of standby letters of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Mid Penn does not anticipate any losses because of these transactions. The amount of the liability as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for payment under standby letters of credit issued was not considered material. Mid Penn adopted FASB ASC Topic 326, effective January 1, 2023, which requires Mid Penn to estimate expected credit losses for OBS credit exposures which are not unconditionally cancellable. Mid Penn maintains a separate ACL on OBS credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit, which is included in other liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023. The ACL - OBS is adjusted as a provision for OBS commitments in noninterest expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur, an estimate of exposure at default that is derived from utilization rate assumptions using a non-modeled approach, and PD and LGD estimates that are derived from the same models and 28 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. approaches for the Mid Penn's other loan portfolio segments described in "Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans" above, as these unfunded commitments share similar risk characteristics with these loan portfolio segments. Changes in the ACL on OBS credit exposures were as follows for the period presented: (In thousands) March 31, 2023 Balance, January 1, 2023 $ 85 Impact of adopting CECL 3,077 PCL - OBS exposure 340 Balance, March 31, 2023 $ 3,502 Low-income housing project commitments Mid Penn Bank has a limited partnership interest in a low-income housing project to construct 39 apartments and common amenities in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. All of the units are expected to qualify for Federal LIHTC as provided for in Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Mid Penn’s limited partner capital contribution commitment is expected to be $ 10.8 million, which will be paid in installments over the course of construction of the low-income housing facilities. The investment in the limited partnership will be reported in other assets on the balance sheet and amortized over a ten-year period. The project has been conditionally awarded $ 1.2 million in annual LIHTCs by the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency, with a total anticipated LIHTC amount of $ 12.0 million to be received by Mid Penn over the ten-year amortization period. Mid Penn’s commitment to purchase the limited partnership interest is conditional upon (i) the review and approval of all closing documents, (ii) an opinion letter for tax counsel to the Partnership that the project qualifies for the LIHTCs, and (iii) review and approval by Mid Penn of other documents it may deem necessary. Mid Penn assumed a commitment, as a result of the Riverview Acquisition, to purchase a limited partnership interest in a low-income housing project to preserve and rehabilitate three buildings consisting of 17 apartments and two commercial shops in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. All the units are expected to qualify for LIHTCs. Mid Penn’s limited partner capital contribution commitment is expected to be $ 4.4 million, which will be paid in installments over the course of construction of the low-income housing facilities. The investment in the limited partnership will be reported in other assets on the balance sheet and amortized over a ten-year period. Additionally, the agreement commits Mid Penn to a construction loan in the maximum principal amount of $ 3.5 million, which will bear interest at 5.5 % annum with a term of twenty-four months . The project has been conditionally awarded $ 484 thousand in annual LIHTCs by the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency, with a total anticipated LIHTC amount of $ 4.8 million to be received by Mid Penn over the ten-year amortization period. Mid Penn’s commitment to purchase the limited partnership interest is conditional upon (i) the review and approval of all closing documents, (ii) an opinion letter for tax counsel to the Partnership that the project qualifies for the LIHTCs, and (iii) review and approval by Mid Penn of other documents it may deem necessary. Litigation Mid Penn is subject to lawsuits and claims arising out of its normal conduct of business. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate disposition of these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of Mid Penn. Note 9 - Debt Short-term FHLB and Correspondent Bank Borrowings Total short-term borrowings were $ 88.0 million and $ 102.6 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and consisted of FHLB overnight borrowings. Short-term borrowings generally consist of federal funds purchased and advances from the FHLB with an original maturity of less than a year. Federal funds purchased from correspondent banks mature in one business day and reprice daily based on the Federal Funds rate. Advances from the FHLB are collateralized by the Bank’s investment in the common stock of the FHLB and by a blanket lien on selected loan receivables comprised principally of real estate secured loans within the Bank’s portfolio totaling $ 2.3 billion at March 31, 2023. The Bank had a short-term borrowing capacity from the FHLB as of March 31, 2023 up to the Bank’s unused borrowing capacity of $ 1.4 billion (equal to $ 1.6 billion of maximum borrowing capacity, less the aggregate amount of FHLB letter of credits securing public funds deposits, and other FHLB advances and obligations outstanding) upon satisfaction of any stock purchase requirements of the FHLB. 29 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The Bank also has unused overnight lines of credit with other correspondent banks amounting to $ 35.0 million at March 31, 2023. No draws were made on these lines as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Long-term Debt The following table presents a summary of long-term debt as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 FHLB fixed rate instruments: Due August 2026, 4.80 % $ 1,020 $ 1,088 Due February 2027, 6.71 % 29 31 Total FHLB fixed rate instruments 1,049 1,119 Lease obligations included in long-term debt 3,267 3,290 Total long-term debt $ 4,316 $ 4,409 As a member of the FHLB, the Bank can access a number of credit products which are utilized to provide liquidity. The FHLB fixed rate instruments obtained by the Bank are secured under the terms of a blanket collateral agreement with the FHLB consisting of FHLB stock and qualifying Bank loan receivables, principally real estate secured loans. The Bank also obtains letters of credit from the FHLB to secure certain public fund deposits of municipality and school district customers who agree to use of the FHLB letters of credit as a legally allowable alternative to investment pledging. These FHLB letter of credit commitments totaled $ 183.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and $ 189.0 million as of December 31, 2022. Note 10 - Subordinated Debt and Trust Preferred Securities Subordinated Debt Issued December 2017 On December 19, 2017, Mid Penn entered into agreements with investors to purchase $ 10.0 million aggregate principal amount of its subordinated notes due 2028 (the "2017 Notes"). The 2017 Notes are treated as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes. The 2017 Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.25 % per year for the first five years and then float at the Wall Street Journal’s Prime Rate plus 0.50 %, provided that the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal balance will at no time be less than 5.0 %. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on July 15, 2018, for the first five years after issuance and will be payable quarterly in arrears thereafter on January 15, April 15, July 15, and October 15. The 2017 Notes will mature on January 1, 2028 and are redeemable in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any time on or after December 21, 2022, and prior to January 1, 2028. Related parties held $ 1.5 million of the 2017 Notes as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Mid Penn redeemed the 2017 Notes in whole on April 17, 2023. Subordinated Debt Assumed November 2021 with the Riverview Acquisition On November 30, 2021, Mid Penn completed its acquisition of Riverview and assumed $ 25.0 million of subordinated notes (the "Riverview Notes"). In accordance with purchase accounting principles, the Riverview Notes were assigned a fair value premium of $ 2.3 million. The notes are treated as Tier 2 capital for regulatory reporting purposes. The Riverview Notes were entered into by Riverview on October 6, 2020 with certain qualified institutional buyers and accredited institutional investors. The Riverview Notes have a maturity date of October 15, 2030 and initially bear interest, payable semi-annually, at a fixed annual rate of 5.75 % per annum until October 15, 2025. Commencing on that date, the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal amount due will be reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month SOFR plus 563 bps, payable quarterly until maturity. Mid Penn may redeem the Riverview Notes at par, in whole or in part, at its option, anytime beginning on October 15, 2025. Subordinated Debt Issued December 2020 On December 22, 2020, Mid Penn entered into agreements for and sold, at 100% of their principal amount, an aggregate of $ 12.2 million of its subordinated notes due December 2030 (the "December 2020 Notes") on a private placement basis to accredited investors. The December 2020 Notes are treated as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes. The December 2020 Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.5 % per year for the first five years and then float at the Wall Street Journal’s Prime Rate, provided that the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal balance during the period the 30 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. December 2020 Notes are floating will at no time be less than 4.5 %. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, beginning on March 31, 2021. The December 2020 Notes will mature on December 31, 2030 and are redeemable, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, on any interest payment date on or after December 31, 2025 and prior to December 31, 2030, subject to any required regulatory approvals. Additionally, if (i) all or any portion of the December 2020 Notes cease to be deemed Tier 2 Capital, (ii) interest on the December 2020 Notes fails to be deductible for United States federal income tax purposes, or (iii) Mid Penn will be considered an "investment company," Mid Penn may redeem the December 2020 Notes, in whole but not in part, by giving 10 days’ notice to the holders of the December 2020 Notes. In the event of a redemption described in the previous sentence, Mid Penn will redeem the December 2020 Notes at 100 % of the principal amount of the December 2020 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to but excluding the date of redemption. Holders of the December 2020 Notes may not accelerate the maturity of the December 2020 Notes, except upon the bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, receivership or similar event of Mid Penn or the Bank. Related parties held $ 750 thousand of the December 2020 Notes as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Subordinated Debt Issued March 2020 On March 20, 2020, Mid Penn entered into agreements with accredited investors who purchased $ 15.0 million aggregate principal amount of its subordinated notes due March 2030 (the "March 2020 Notes"). As a result of Mid Penn’s merger with Riverview on November 30, 2021, $ 6.9 million of the March 2020 Notes balance was redeemed as Riverview was a holder of the March 2020 Notes. The balance of March 2020 Notes outstanding as of March 31, 2023 was $ 8.1 million. The March 2020 Notes are intended to be treated as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes. The March 2020 Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.0 % per year for the first five years and then float at the Wall Street Journal’s Prime Rate, provided that the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal balance during the period the March 2020 Notes are floating will at no time be less than 4.25 %. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30 of each year, beginning on June 30, 2020, for the first five years after issuance and will be payable quarterly in arrears thereafter on March 30, June 30, September 30 and December 30. The March 2020 Notes will mature on March 30, 2030 and are redeemable in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any time on or after March 30, 2025 and prior to March 30, 2030. Additionally, if all or any portion of the March 2020 Notes cease to be deemed Tier 2 Capital, Mid Penn may redeem, on any interest payment date, all or part of the 2020 Notes. In the event of a redemption described in the previous sentence, Mid Penn will redeem the March 2020 Notes at 100 % of the principal amount of the March 2020 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to but excluding the date of redemption. Holders of the March 2020 Notes may not accelerate the maturity of the March 2020 Notes, except upon the bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, receivership or similar event of Mid Penn or the Bank. Related parties held $ 1.7 million of the March 2020 Notes as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Note 11 - Postretirement Benefit Plans Mid Penn has an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan for directors, which provides defined benefits based on the respective director’s years of service, as well as a postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefit plan, which is noncontributory, covering certain full-time employees. Mid Penn also assumed noncontributory defined benefit pension plans as a result of the acquisitions of Scottdale on January 8, 2018 and Riverview on November 30, 2021. These healthcare and life insurance plans are noncontributory and each plan uses a December 31 measurement date. The components of net periodic benefit costs from these defined benefit plans are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, Pension Benefits Other Benefits (In thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022 Service cost $ 36 $ 42 $ 1 $ 4 Interest cost 142 46 3 17 Expected return on plan assets ( 149 ) ( 59 ) — — Accretion of prior service cost — — ( 2 ) ( 5 ) Amortization of net (gain) loss ( 5 ) ( 2 ) — 4 Net periodic benefit expense $ 24 $ 27 $ 2 $ 20 31 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Service costs are reported as a component of salaries and employee benefits on the Consolidated Statement of Income, while interest costs, expected return on plan assets and amortization (accretion) of prior service cost are reported as a component of other income. Note 12 - Common Stock and Earnings Per Share Treasury Stock Repurchase Program Mid Penn adopted a treasury stock repurchase program ("Program") initially effective March 19, 2020, and extended through March 19, 2023 by Mid Penn’s Board of Directors on March 23, 2022. The Program authorized the repurchase of up to $ 15.0 million of Mid Penn’s outstanding common stock, which represented approximately 3.5 % of the issued shares based on Mid Penn’s closing stock price and shares issued as of March 31, 2022. Under the Program, Mid Penn conducted repurchases of its common stock through open market transactions (which may be by means of a trading plan adopted under SEC Rule 10b5-1) or in privately negotiated transactions. Repurchases under the Program were made at the discretion of management and are subject to market conditions and other factors. There was no guarantee as to the exact number of shares that Mid Penn may repurchase.The Program was able to be modified, suspended or terminated at any time, in Mid Penn’s discretion, based upon a number of factors, including liquidity, market conditions, the availability of alternative investment opportunities and other factors Mid Penn deems appropriate. The Program does not obligate Mid Penn to repurchase any shares. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Mid Penn had repurchased 208,343 shares of common stock at an average price of $ 23.42 per share under the Program. The Program ended effective March 23, 2023. Dividend Reinvestment Plan Under Mid Penn’s amended and restated DRIP, 300,000 shares of Mid Penn’s authorized but unissued common stock are reserved for issuance. The DRIP also allows for voluntary cash payments, within specified limits, to be used for the purchase of additional shares. Restricted Stock Plan Under Mid Penn’s 2014 Restricted Stock Plan, which was amended in 2020, Mid Penn may grant awards not exceeding, in the aggregate, 200,000 shares of common stock. The 2014 Plan was established for employees and directors of Mid Penn and the Bank, selected by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, to align the interest of plan participants with those of Mid Penn’s shareholders. The plan provides those persons who have a responsibility for its growth with additional incentives by allowing them to acquire an ownership interest in Mid Penn and thereby encouraging them to contribute to the success of the company. As of March 31, 2023, a total of 162,937 restricted shares were granted under the Plan of which 67,283 shares were unvested. The Plan shares granted and vested resulted in $ 249 thousand and $ 168 thousand in share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Share-based compensation expense relating to restricted stock is calculated using grant date fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods of the awards. Restricted shares granted to employees vest in equal amounts on the anniversary of the grant date over the vesting period and the expense is a component of salaries and benefits expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The employee grant vesting period is determined by the terms of each respective grant, with vesting periods generally between one and four years . Restricted shares granted to directors have a twelve-month vesting period, and the expense is a component of directors’ fees and benefits within the other expense line item on the Consolidated Statement of Income. On May 9, 2023, shareholders approved the 2023 Stock Incentive Plan, which authorizes Mid Penn to grant incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, deferred stock units and performance shares to qualified. The 2023 Plan was established for employees and directors of Mid Penn and the Bank, selected by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, to incentivize the further success of the Company. The aggregate number of shares of common stock of the Company under the Plan is 350,000 shares . 32 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The following data shows the amounts used in computing basic and diluted earnings per common share: Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 Net income $ 11,227 $ 11,354 Weighted average common shares outstanding (basic) 15,886,186 15,957,864 Effect of dilutive unvested restricted stock grants 44,935 20,072 Weighted average common shares outstanding (diluted) 15,931,121 15,977,936 Basic earnings per common share $ 0.71 $ 0.71 Diluted earnings per common share 0.70 0.71 There were no antidilutive instruments at March 31, 2023 and 2022. 33 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS This Management Discussion relates to the Corporation, a financial holding company incorporated in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Management's Discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and other financial information presented in this report. Caution About Forward-Looking Statements Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Although Mid Penn generally does not make forward-looking statements unless Mid Penn’s management believes its management has a reasonable basis for doing so, Mid Penn cannot guarantee the accuracy of any forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements due to a number of uncertainties and risks, including the risks described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the 2022 Annual Report, and other unforeseen risks. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, even if subsequently made available by us on Mid Penn’s website or otherwise, and Mid Penn undertakes no obligation to update or revise these statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Certain of the matters discussed in this document and in documents incorporated by reference herein, including matters discussed under the caption "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", may constitute forward-looking statements for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as such may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Mid Penn or the Bank to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The words "expect", "anticipates", "intend", "plan", "believe", "estimate", and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Mid Penn’s actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation: • the effects of future economic conditions on Mid Penn, the Bank, its nonbank subsidiaries, and their markets and customers; • governmental monetary and fiscal policies, as well as legislative and regulatory changes; • future actions or inactions of the United States government, including a failure to increase the government debt limit or a prolonged shutdown of the federal government; • business or economic disruption from national or global epidemic or pandemic events; • the risks of changes in interest rates on the level and composition of deposits, loan demand, and the values of loan collateral, the value of investment securities, and interest rate protection agreements; • the effects of competition from other commercial banks, thrifts, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, credit unions, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market and other mutual funds and other financial institutions operating in Mid Penn’s market area and elsewhere, including institutions operating locally, regionally, nationally and internationally, together with such competitors offering banking products and services by mail, telephone, computer and the internet; • an increase in the Pennsylvania Bank Shares Tax to which Mid Penn Bank’s capital stock is currently subject, or imposition of any additional taxes on the capital stock of Mid Penn or Mid Penn Bank; • impacts of the capital and liquidity requirements imposed by bank regulatory agencies; • the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC, and other accounting and reporting standard setters; • the costs and effects of litigation and of unexpected or adverse outcomes in such litigation; • technological changes; • our ability to implement business strategies, including our acquisition strategy; • our ability to successfully expand our franchise, including acquisitions or establishing new offices at favorable prices; • our ability to successfully integrate any banks, companies, offices, assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we acquire into our operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames; 34 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. • potential goodwill impairment charges, or future impairment charges and fluctuations in the fair values of reporting units or of assets in the event projected financial results are not achieved within expected time frames; • our ability to attract and retain qualified management and personnel; • results of regulatory examination and supervision processes; • the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of reserves for loan losses, the assessment of potential impairment of investment securities, and estimations of values of collateral and various financial assets and liabilities; • our ability to maintain compliance with the listing rules of NASDAQ; • our ability to maintain the value and image of our brand and protect our intellectual property rights; • volatility in the securities markets; • disruptions due to flooding, severe weather, or other natural disasters or Acts of God; • acts of war, terrorism, or global military conflict; • supply chain disruption; and • the factors described in Item 1A of the Corporation's 2022 Annual Report. The above list of factors that may affect future performance is illustrative, but by no means exhaustive. Accordingly, all forward-looking statements should be evaluated with this understanding of inherent uncertainty. Additional information regarding these as well as other factors that could affect future financial results can be found in the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results expected for the full year. Overview Mid Penn is a financial holding company, which generates the majority of its revenues through net interest income, or the difference between interest earned on loans and investments and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Growth in net interest income is dependent upon balance sheet growth and maintaining or increasing the net interest margin, which is FTE net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The Corporation also generates revenue through fees earned on the various services and products offered to its customers and through gains on sales of assets, such as loans, investments and properties. Offsetting these revenue sources are provisions for credit losses - loans, non-interest expenses and income taxes. The following table presents a summary of the Corporation's earnings and selected performance ratios: Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 Net Income $ 11,227 $ 11,354 Diluted EPS $ 0.70 $ 0.71 Dividends Declared $ 0.20 $ 0.20 Return on average assets 1.01 % 0.98 % Return on average equity 8.91 % 9.32 % Net interest margin (1) 3.49 % 3.21 % Non-performing assets to total assets 0.31 % 0.18 % Net charge-off (recoveries) to average loans (annualized) 0.013 % (0.007) % (1) Presented on a FTE basis using a 21% Federal tax rate and statutory interest expense disallowances. See also the "Net Interest Income" section. Summary of Financial Results • Net Income Per Share - Mid Penn’s net income available to common shareholders ("earnings") for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $11.2 million or $0.71 and $0.70 per common share basic and diluted, respectively, compared to earnings of $11.4 million or $0.71 per common share basic and diluted for the three 35 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. months ended March 31, 2022. The results for the year ended March 31, 2023 were favorably impacted by loan growth and an increase in net interest margin. ◦ Net Interest Margin - For the first quarter of 2023, Mid Penn’s FTE net interest margin was 3.49% versus 3.21% for the same period of 2022. The FOMC has increased rates eight times during the 12 months since March 31, 2022. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 135 bps in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 and the rate on interest-bearing liabilities increased 141 bps in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period of 2022. ◦ Loan Growth - Total loans, net of unearned income, as of March 31, 2023 were $3.6 billion compared to $3.5 billion as of December 31, 2022, an increase of $97.2 million, or 2.8%. Non-owner occupied office commercial real estate exposure represents less than 8% of total loan balances and is primarily limited to suburban offices. ◦ Deposit Growth - Total deposits increased $99.8 million , or 2.6%, from $3.8 billion at December 31, 2022, to $3.9 billion at March 31, 2023 . Estimated uninsured deposits represented 26.1% of total deposits at March 31, 2023, and 18.7% of total deposits after adjusting for insured/collateralized public funds and contractual deposits. • Asset Quality - Mid Penn adopted CECL on January 1, 2023. Its ACL at March 31, 2023 was $31.3 million, or 0.87% of total loans, as compared to $19.0 million, or 0.54% of total loans at December 31, 2022 . ◦ Net Recoveries/Charge-offs - Mid Penn had net charge-offs of $113 thousand and net recoveries of $50 thousand for the first quarter of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. ◦ Non-performing assets - Total non-performing assets were $14.2 million at March 31, 2023, an increase compared to non-performing assets of $8.6 million at December 31, 2022 . ◦ Provision for credit losses - loans - The PCL - loans was $490 thousand for the first quarter of 2023 compared to $500 thousand for the same period of 2022. • Noninterest Income - Noninterest income totaled $4.3 million for the first quarter of 2023, a $1.4 million, or 24.8%, decrease compared to the first quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower mortgage banking and hedging activity. • Noninterest Expense - Noninterest expense totaled $26.1 million for the first quarter of 2023, an increase of $325 thousand, or 1.3%, compared to noninterest expense of $25.7 million for the first quarter of 2022. The increase was most notably in salaries and benefits as Mid Penn continues to grow. • Liquidity - Current liquidity, including borrowing capacity, enhanced to nearly $1.36 billion or 187% of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits, or approximately 35% of total deposits. Critical Accounting Estimates The Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 includes a summary of critical accounting estimates that the Corporation considers to be most important to the presentation of its financial condition and results of operations, because they require management’s most difficult judgments as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. The following discussion is regarding the critical accounting estimates related to the application of CECL, which was adopted on January 1, 2023. 36 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Allowance for Credit Losses In accordance with CECL, the ACL, which includes both the ACL - loans and the ACL for OBS credit exposures, is calculated with the objective of maintaining a reserve for current expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the portfolio. Management's determination of the appropriateness of the reserve is based on continuously monitoring and evaluating the loan portfolio, lending-related commitments, current as well as forecasted economic factors and other relevant factors. The ACL - loans is an estimate of expected losses inherent within Mid Penn's existing loan portfolio. The loan loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of Mid Penn’s loan portfolio segments. When computing allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools based on loss history and other credit trends and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. Evaluations of the portfolio and individual credits are inherently subjective, as they require estimates, assumptions and judgments as to the facts and circumstances of particular situations. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgement by Management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the ACL and credit loss expense. Mid Penn estimates the ACL using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Mid Penn uses a third-party software application to calculate the quantitative portion of the ACL using a methodology and assumptions specific to each loan pool. The qualitative portion of the allowance is based on general economic conditions and other internal and external factors affecting Mid Penn as a whole as well as specific loans. Factors considered include the following: lending process, concentrations of credit, and credit quality. The quantitative and qualitative portions of the allowance are added together to determine the total ACL, which reflects Management’s expectations of future conditions based on reasonable and supportable forecasts. As such, the calculation of ACL is inherently subjective and requires management to exercise significant judgment. The CECL estimate is highly sensitive to the economic forecasts used to develop the estimate. While management uses the best information known to it in order to make ACL valuations, adjustments to the ACL may be necessary based on changes in economic and other conditions, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, or changes in accounting guidance. In times of economic slowdown, either local, regional or national, the risk inherent in the loan portfolio could increase resulting in the need for additional provisions to the ACL in future periods. An increase could also be necessitated by an increase in the size of the loan portfolio or in any of its components even though the credit quality of the overall portfolio may be improving. For further discussion of the methodology used in the determination of the ACL, refer to "Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", "Note 3 - Investment Securities", "Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans" and "Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies". to the Consolidated Financial Statements. To the extent actual outcomes differ from management estimates, additional PCL may be required that would adversely impact earnings in future periods. Results of Operations Net Interest Income Net interest income, Mid Penn’s primary source of revenue, is the amount by which interest income on loans and investments exceeds interest incurred on deposits and borrowings. The amount of net interest income is affected by changes in interest rates and changes in the volume and mix of interest-sensitive assets and liabilities. Net interest income and corresponding yields are presented in the analysis below on a FTE. Income from tax-exempt assets, primarily loans to or securities issued by state and local governments, is adjusted by an amount equivalent to the federal income taxes which would have been paid if the income received on these assets was taxable at the statutory rate of 21% for the periods presented. 37 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The following table includes average balances, amounts, and yields of interest income and rates of expense, interest rate spread, and net interest margin for the periods presented: Average Balances, Income and Interest Rates on a Taxable-Equivalent Basis For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest (1) Yield/ Rate Average Balance Interest (1) Yield/ Rate ASSETS: Interest Bearing Balances $ 5,761 $ 53 3.73 % $ 91,543 $ 13 0.06 % Investment Securities: Taxable 556,901 3,764 2.74 % 389,034 1,822 1.90 % Tax-Exempt 79,250 493 2.52 % 73,614 425 2.34 % Total Investment Securities 636,151 4,257 2.71 % 462,648 2,247 1.97 % Federal Funds Sold 3,775 45 4.83 % 706,411 314 0.18 % Loans 3,555,375 45,961 5.24 % 3,103,469 35,123 4.59 % Restricted Investment in Bank Stocks 9,542 110 4.68 % 8,347 131 6.36 % Total Interest-earning Assets 4,210,604 50,426 4.86 % 4,372,418 37,828 3.51 % Cash and Due from Banks 51,444 57,397 Other Assets 258,821 267,079 Total Assets $ 4,520,869 $ 4,696,894 LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: Interest-bearing Demand $ 968,951 $ 2,691 1.13 % $ 1,045,678 $ 461 0.18 % Money Market 940,286 4,084 1.76 % 1,125,094 600 0.22 % Savings 330,773 54 0.07 % 376,006 58 0.06 % Time 749,598 5,172 2.80 % 592,833 1,175 0.80 % Total Interest-bearing Deposits 2,989,608 12,001 1.63 % 3,139,611 2,294 0.30 % Short-term borrowings 121,898 1,490 4.96 % — — — % Long-term debt 4,350 44 4.10 % 76,157 284 1.51 % Subordinated debt and trust preferred securities 56,875 642 4.58 % 74,189 640 3.50 % Total Interest-bearing Liabilities 3,172,731 14,177 1.81 % 3,289,957 3,218 0.40 % Noninterest-bearing Demand 793,382 859,463 Other Liabilities 43,899 53,455 Shareholders' Equity 510,857 494,019 Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity $ 4,520,869 $ 4,696,894 Net Interest Income (taxable-equivalent basis) $ 36,249 $ 34,610 Taxable Equivalent Adjustment (200) (196) Net Interest Income $ 36,049 $ 34,414 Total Yield on Earning Assets 4.86 % 3.51 % Rate on Supporting Liabilities 1.81 % 0.40 % Average Interest Spread 3.04 % 3.11 % Net Interest Margin 3.49 % 3.21 % (1) Presented on a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a 21% federal tax rate and statutory interest expense disallowances. 38 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The following table summarizes the changes in FTE interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in average balances, volume, and changes in rates for the three months ended March 31, 2023 in comparison to the same period in 2022: Three months ended March 31, 2023 vs. March 31, 2022 Increase (decrease) (Dollars in thousands) Volume Rate Net INTEREST INCOME: Interest Bearing Balances $ (12) $ 52 $ 40 Investment Securities: Taxable 786 1,156 1,942 Tax-Exempt 33 35 68 Total Investment Securities 819 1,191 2,010 Federal Funds Sold (312) 43 (269) Loans 5,114 5,724 10,838 Restricted Investment Bank Stocks 19 (40) (21) Total Interest Income 5,628 6,970 12,598 INTEREST EXPENSE: Interest Bearing Deposits: Interest Bearing Demand (34) 2,264 2,230 Money Market (99) 3,583 3,484 Savings (7) 3 (4) Time 311 3,686 3,997 Total Interest-Bearing Deposits 171 9,536 9,707 Short-term Borrowings — 1,490 1,490 Long-term Debt (268) 28 (240) Subordinated Debt (149) 151 2 Total Interest Expense (246) 11,205 10,959 NET INTEREST INCOME $ 5,874 $ (4,235) $ 1,639 Mid Penn’s FTE net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 3.49% compared to 3.21% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. FTE net interest income was $36.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $1.6 million, or 4.7%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase to FTE net interest income was the result of higher yields on interest-earning assets and change in the mix of average interest-earning assets, which contributed $7.0 million and $5.6 million, respectively. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 135 bps to 4.86%, for the first quarter of 2023 compared to 3.51% for the first quarter of 2022. Average interest-earning assets decreased $161.8 million, or 3.7%, during the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period of 2022, primarily as a result of a decrease in federal funds sold and interest bearing balances, partially offset by an increase in investment securities and loan growth. As previously noted, the FOMC has increased rates eight times during the 12 months since March 31, 2022. Average investment securities increased $173.5 million and the yield on those investment securities increased 74 bps, contributing $819 thousand and $1.2 million, respectively, to the increase in interest income. Average loans increased $451.9 million, and the yield on those loans increased 65 bps contributing $5.1 million and $5.7 million, respectively, to the increase in interest income. Interest expense increased $11.0 million during the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022. The rate of interest-bearing liabilities increased from 0.40% for the first quarter of 2022 to 1.81% for the first quarter of 2023. The 39 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. increase in the rate was primarily a result of offering higher rates to retain and attract deposits. In addition, short-term borrowings of $121.9 million were used to help fund loan growth, contributing $1.5 million to interest expense during the first quarter of 2023. Provision for Credit Losses - Loans On January 1, 2023, Mid Penn adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which replaces the incurred loss methodology, and is referred to as CECL. The PCL was $490 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $500 thousand three months ended March 31, 2022. The provision for the three months ended March 31, 2022 reflects the application of the incurred loss method for estimating credit losses. Noninterest Income For the three months ended March 31, 2023, noninterest income totaled $4.3 million, a decrease of $1.4 million or 24.8%, compared to noninterest income of $5.8 million for the same period in 2022. Noninterest income and variance analysis as of March 31: Three Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands) 2023 2022 $ Variance % Variance Fiduciary and wealth management $ 1,236 $ 1,052 $ 184 17.5 % ATM debit card interchange 1,056 1,057 (1) (0.1) Service charges on deposits 435 684 (249) (36.4) Mortgage banking 384 529 (145) (27.4) Mortgage hedging 20 566 (546) (96.5) Net gain on sales of SBA loans — (9) 9 (100.0) Earnings from cash surrender value of life insurance 254 246 8 3.3 Other 940 1,625 (685) (42.1) Total $ 4,325 $ 5,750 $ (1,425) (24.8) % Income from fiduciary and wealth management activities was $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $184 thousand compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The additional revenue was attributable to favorable growth in trust assets under management and increased sales of retail investments products. Service charges on deposits were $435 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of $249 thousand, or 36.4%, compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was driven by the phasing out of a legacy Riverview overdraft program at the end of the first quarter of 2022. Mortgage banking income decreased $145 thousand, or 27.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $384 thousand compared to the same period in 2022. Mortgage loan originations and secondary-market loan sales and gains continue to slow as a result of increases in interest rates. Mortgage hedging income was $20 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $566 thousand for the same period in 2022. The decrease was the result of a slow down in the hedging program related to mortgage derivative activities as a result of an increase in interest rates. Noninterest Expense For the three months ended March 31, 2023, noninterest expense totaled $26.1 million, an increase of $325 thousand, or 1.3%, compared to noninterest expense of $25.7 million for the same period in 2022. 40 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Noninterest expense and variance analysis as of March 31: Three Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands) 2023 2022 $ Variance % Variance Salaries and employee benefits $ 13,844 $ 13,244 $ 600 4.5 % Software licensing and utilization 1,946 2,106 (160) (7.6) Occupancy expense, net 1,886 1,799 87 4.8 Equipment expense 1,251 1,011 240 23.7 Shares tax 899 920 (21) (2.3) Legal and professional fees 800 639 161 25.2 ATM/card processing 493 517 (24) (4.6) Intangible amortization 344 481 (137) -28.5 FDIC Assessment 340 591 (251) (42.5) Gain on sale or write-down of foreclosed assets, net — (16) 16 (100.0) Merger and acquisition expense 224 — 224 N/M Post-acquisition restructuring expense — 329 (329) (100.0) Other expenses 4,043 4,124 (81) (2.0) Total Noninterest Expense $ 26,070 $ 25,745 $ 325 1.3 % Salaries and employee benefits were $13.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $600 thousand, or 4.5% versus the same period in 2022, with the increase attributable to annual merit increases and staff additions in alignment with Mid Penn’s core banking and non-banking growth initiatives. Software licensing and utilization costs were $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of $160 thousand, or 7.6%, compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease is a result of the elimination of duplicate systems and software after the integration in 2022 of Riverview. Equipment expense increased $240 thousand, or 23.7%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by the opening of a new branch after the first quarter of 2022. FDIC assessment decreased $251 thousand, or 42.5%, for the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022 as a result of a lower asset base as well as an improved rating for the Bank. Merger and acquisition expenses were $224 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and consisted of legal and professional fees associated with the Brunswick Acquisition. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes was $2.6 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the same period in 2022. The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, reflects a combined Federal and State effective tax rate of 18.7% and 18.4%, respectively. Generally, Mid Penn’s effective tax rate is below the federal statutory rate due to earnings on tax-exempt loans, investments, and earnings from the cash surrender value of life insurance, as well as the impact of federal income tax credits, including those awarded from Mid Penn’s low-income housing investments. The realization of Mid Penn’s deferred tax assets is dependent on future earnings. Mid Penn currently anticipates that future earnings will be adequate to fully realize the currently recorded deferred tax assets. 41 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Financial Condition Mid Penn’s total assets were $4.6 billion as of March 31, 2023, reflecting an increase of $85.5 million, or 1.9%, compared to total assets of $4.5 billion as of December 31, 2022. Investment Securities Mid Penn’s investment portfolio is utilized primarily to support overall liquidity and interest rate risk management, to provide collateral supporting pledging requirements for public funds on deposit, and to generate additional interest income within reasonable risk parameters. Total investment securities as of March 31, 2023 were $633.4 million compared to $637.4 million as of December 31, 2022. March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ Variance % Variance (Dollars in thousands) Available-for-sale debt securities: U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies $ 35,250 $ 34,914 $ 336 1 % Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 165,604 166,915 (1,311) (0.8) % State and political subdivision obligations 3,697 3,539 158 4.5 % Corporate debt securities 32,058 32,510 (452) (1.4) % Total available-for-sale debt securities 236,609 237,878 (1,269) — Held-to-maturity debt securities: U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies $ 245,703 $ 245,671 $ 32 — % Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies 49,050 50,710 (1,660) (3.3) % State and political subdivision obligations 87,048 87,125 (77) (0.1) % Corporate debt securities 14,983 15,988 (1,005) (6.3) % Total held-to-maturity debt securities 396,784 399,494 (2,710) (0.7) % Total $ 633,393 $ 637,372 $ (3,979) (0.6) % Loans, net of unearned interest Total loans, net of unearned interest, as of March 31, 2023 were $3.6 billion compared to $3.5 billion as of December 31, 2022. The growth of $97.2 million, or 2.8%, since December 31, 2022 occurred primarily across the commercial and industrial, construction and residential mortgage loan portfolios. March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Balance % of Total Loans Balance % of Total Loans Commercial real estate (1) $ 1,899,168 52.6 % $ 2,052,934 58.3 % Commercial and industrial 605,610 16.8 596,042 17.0 Construction 486,172 13.5 441,246 12.6 Residential mortgage (1) 612,427 17.0 416,221 11.9 Consumer 7,970 0.2 7,676 0.2 $ 3,611,347 100.0 % $ 3,514,119 100.0 % (1) In accordance with the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 326, Mid Penn redefined its loan portfolio segments and related loan classes based on the level at which risk is monitored within the ACL methodology. As such, $181.9 million of loans were reclassified from Commercial real estate to Residential mortgage upon adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023. Prior periods were not reclassified. 42 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Credit Quality, Credit Risk, and Allowance for Credit Losses Mid Penn adopted FASB ASC Topic 326, in accordance with the amendments of FASB ASU 2016-13, effective January 1, 2023. The guidance in FASB ASC 326 replaces Mid Penn’s previous incurred loss methodology with a methodology that reflects the current expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit losses. Mid Penn’s ACL methodology for loans is based upon guidance within FASB ASC Subtopic 326-20, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost," as well as regulatory guidance from the FDIC, the Bank's primary federal regulator. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Credit quality within the loan portfolio is continuously monitored by management and is reflected within the ACL for loans. The ACL is an estimate of expected losses inherent within Mid Penn’s existing loan portfolio. The ACL is adjusted through the provision for credit losses and reduced by the charge off of loan amounts, net of recoveries. The loan loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of Mid Penn’s loan portfolio segments. When computing allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools based on loss history, delinquency status and other credit trends and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. Evaluations of the portfolio and individual credits are inherently subjective, as they require estimates, assumptions and judgments as to the facts and circumstances of particular situations. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgement by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance and credit loss expense. For a complete description of Mid Penn’s ACL methodology and the quantitative and qualitative factors included in the calculation, please see "Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans" included in Part I. Item 1. – Financial Statements of this report. Upon the adoption of FASB ASC Topic 326 on January 1, 2023, Mid Penn recorded an overall increase of $15.0 million to the ACL on January 1, 2023 as a result of the adoption of CECL. Retained earnings decreased $11.5 million and deferred tax assets increased by $3.1 million. Included in the $15.0 million increase to the ACL was $3.1 million for certain OBS credit exposures that were previously recognized in other liabilities before the adoption of CECL. The ACL and the related PCL for the three months ended March 31, 2022 presented reflect Mid Penn’s application of the incurred loss method for estimating credit losses. Changes in the ACL are summarized as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Balance, beginning of period $ 18,957 $ 14,597 Impact of adopting CECL 11,931 — Loans charged off during period (150) (57) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 37 107 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (113) 50 Provision for credit losses 490 500 Balance, end of period $ 31,265 $ 15,147 Ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans outstanding (annualized) 0.013 % (0.007) % Ratio of ACL - loans to net loans at end of period 0.87 % 0.49 % For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Mid Penn had net charge-offs of $113 thousand compared to net recoveries of $50 thousand during the same period in 2022. 43 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. The following table presents the change in nonperforming asset categories as of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and March 31, 2022. (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 March 31, 2022 Non-performing Assets: Total non-performing loans $ 13,909 $ 8,585 $ 7,937 Foreclosed real estate 248 43 125 Total non-performing assets 14,157 8,628 8,062 Accruing loans 90 days or more past due 7 654 133 Total risk elements $ 14,164 $ 9,282 $ 8,195 Non-performing loans as a percentage of total loans outstanding 0.39 % 0.24 % 0.25 % Non-performing assets as a percentage of total loans outstanding and foreclosed real estate 0.39 % 0.25 % 0.26 % Ratio of ACL to non-performing loans 224.78 % 220.82 % 190.84 % Total nonperforming assets were $14.2 million at March 31, 2023, an increase compared to nonperforming assets of $8.6 million at December 31, 2022. The increase since December 31, 2022 was primarily related to two relationships. One of the relationships was subsequently paid off in full in April 2023. The second relationship is collateralized in excess of the outstanding loan balances based on a current appraisal of the collateral. Deposits and Short-term Borrowings Total deposits increased $99.8 million, or 2.6%, from $3.8 billion on December 31, 2022, to $3.9 billion at March 31, 2023. The growth was primarily due to an increase of $225.3 million, or 34.2%, in time deposits as the result of rate increases in order to retain and attract customers. Estimated uninsured deposits represented 26.1% of total deposits at March 31, 2023, and 18.7% of total deposits after adjusting for insured/collateralized public funds and contractual deposits. Total short-term borrowings decreased $14.6 million, or 14.3%, from December 31, 2022 primarily as a result of the increase in deposits. Liquidity Mid Penn’s objective is to maintain adequate liquidity to meet funding needs at a reasonable cost and to provide contingency plans to meet unanticipated funding needs or a loss of funding sources, while minimizing interest rate risk. Adequate liquidity provides resources for credit needs of borrowers, for depositor withdrawals, and for funding corporate operations. Sources of liquidity are as follows: • a growing core deposit base; • proceeds from the sale or maturity of investment securities; • payments received on loans and mortgage-backed securities; • overnight correspondent bank borrowings on various credit lines; and • borrowing capacity available from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Discount Window available to Mid Penn. Mid Penn believes its core deposits are generally stable even in periods of changing interest rates. Liquidity is measured and monitored daily, allowing management to better understand and react to balance sheet trends. These measurements indicate that liquidity generally remains stable and exceeds our minimum defined levels of adequacy. Other than the trends of continued competitive pressures and volatile interest rates, and the uncertain impact of the current inflationary environment, there are no known demands, commitments, events, or uncertainties that will result in, or that are reasonably likely to result in, liquidity increasing or decreasing in any material way. 44 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. On at least a quarterly basis, a comprehensive liquidity analysis is reviewed by the Asset Liability Committee and Board of Directors. The analysis provides a summary of the current liquidity measurements, projections, and future liquidity positions given various levels of liquidity stress. Management also maintains a detailed Contingency Funding Plan designed to respond to overall stress in the financial condition of the banking industry or a prospective liquidity problem specific to Mid Penn. The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows provide additional information. Mid Penn’s operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 provided $12.9 million of cash, mainly due to net income. Cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $93.6 million, mainly the result of the net increase in loans. Cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 totaled $81.9 million, primarily the result of an increase in net deposits. Regulatory Capital The Corporation and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by banking regulators. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can trigger certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by the regulators that if, undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Corporation's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory account practices. The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Minimum regulatory capital requirements established by Basel III rules require the Corporation and the Bank to: • Meet a minimum Common Equity Tier I capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; • Meet a minimum Tier I capital ratio of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets; • Meet a minimum Total capital ratio of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets; • Meet a minimum Tier I leverage capital ratio of 4.0% of average assets; • Maintain a "capital conservation buffer" of 2.5% above the minimum risk-based capital requirements, which must be maintained to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonuses; and • Comply with the definition of capital to improve the ability of regulatory capital instruments to absorb losses. The Basel III Rules use a standardized approach for risk weightings that expands the risk-weighting for assets and off-balance sheet exposures from the previous 0%, 20%, 50% and 100% categories to a much larger and more risk-sensitive number of categories, depending on the nature of the assets and off-balance sheet exposures and resulting in higher risk weightings for a variety of asset categories. Banks are evaluated for capital adequacy by regulatory supervisory agencies based on the ratio of capital to risk-weighted assets and total assets. The minimum capital to risk-weighted assets requirements, including the capital conservation buffers, which became effective for Mid Penn and the Bank on January 1, 2016, are illustrated below. At March 31, 2023, regulatory capital ratios for both Mid Penn and the Bank met the definition of a "well-capitalized" institution under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, and exceeded the minimum capital requirements under Basel III. Mid Penn maintained the following regulatory capital ratios in comparison to regulatory requirements: March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Regulatory Minimum for Capital Adequacy Fully Phased-In, with Capital Conversation Buffers Total Risk-Based Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) 13.13 % 13.19 % 10.50 % 10.50 % Tier I Risk-Based Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) 10.77 11.18 8.50 8.50 Common Equity Tier I (to Risk-Weighted Assets) 10.77 11.18 7.00 7.00 Tier I Leverage Capital (to Average Assets) 9.21 8.57 4.00 4.00 45 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Corporation and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements and the Bank was considered "well-capitalized". However, future changes in regulations could increase capital requirements and may have an adverse effect on capital resources. Shareholders' Equity Shareholders' equity, or capital, is evaluated in relation to total assets and the risk associated with those assets, and the desire to collectively maintain and enhance shareholders’ value, and satisfactorily address regulatory capital requirements. Accordingly, capital management has been, and will continue to be, of paramount importance to Mid Penn. Shareholders’ equity decreased by $1.3 million, or 0.3%, from $512.1 million as of December 31, 2022 to $510.8 million as of March 31, 2023, primarily due to the $11.5 million reduction to retained earnings as a result of the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023 and the $3.2 million of dividends declared, partially offset by earnings of $11.2 million and an increase in the carrying value of the AFS investment portfolio of $1.8 million. 46 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK As a financial institution, Mid Penn’s primary source of market risk is interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is the exposure to fluctuations in Mid Penn’s future earnings, earnings at risk, resulting from changes in interest rates. This exposure or sensitivity is a function of the repricing characteristics of Mid Penn's portfolio of assets and liabilities. Each asset and liability reprices either at maturity or during the life of the instrument. Interest rate sensitivity is measured as the difference between the volume of assets and liabilities that are subject to repricing in a future period of time. The principal purpose of asset-liability management is to maximize current and future net interest income within acceptable levels of interest rate risk while satisfying liquidity and capital requirements. Net interest income is increased by increasing the net interest margin and by volume growth. Thus, the goal of interest rate risk management is to maintain a balance between risk and reward such that net interest income is maximized while risk is maintained at an acceptable level. Mid Penn utilizes an asset-liability management model to measure the impact of interest rate movements on its interest rate sensitivity position. Mid Penn’s management also reviews the traditional maturity gap analysis regularly. Mid Penn does not always attempt to achieve an exact match between interest sensitive assets and liabilities because it believes that an actively managed amount of interest rate risk is inherent and appropriate in the management of Mid Penn’s profitability. Modeling techniques and simulation analysis involve assumptions and estimates that inherently cannot be measured with complete precision. Key assumptions in the analyses include maturity and repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, prepayments on amortizing assets, non-maturing deposit sensitivity, and loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are inherently uncertain due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of rate changes and changes in market conditions and management strategies, among other factors. However, the analyses are useful in quantifying risk and provide a relative gauge of Mid Penn’s interest rate risk position over time. Management reviews interest rate risk on a quarterly basis. This analysis includes earnings scenarios whereby interest rates are increased or decreased by 100, 200, 300 and 400 bps. These scenarios, detailed in the table below, indicate that Mid Penn would experience enhanced net interest income over a one-year time frame due to upward interest rate changes and due to a reduction in interest rates to 300 bps. A reduction in rates greater than 300 bps would result in a decline in net interest income over a one-year time frame; however, actual results could vary significantly from the calculations prepared by management. At March 31, 2023, all interest rate risk levels according to the model were within the tolerance limits of the Board-approved policy. Change in Basis Points % Change in Net Interest Income Policy Risk Limit 400 2.89% ≥ -25% 300 2.23% ≥ -20% 200 1.55% ≥ -15% 100 0.83% ≥ -10% (100) 0.71% ≥ -10% (200) 0.76% ≥ -15% (300) (1.61)% ≥ -20% (400) (4.05)% ≥ -25% ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Mid Penn maintains controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that Mid Penn files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Based upon their evaluation of those controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023, Mid Penn’s management, with the participation of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date. 47 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. Changes in Internal Controls During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Corporation implemented new CECL accounting policies, procedures, and controls as part of its adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 and subsequent ASUs issued to amend ASC Topic 326. There were no other changes in Mid Penn’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect, Mid Penn’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2023. 48 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. PART II – OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Based on information currently available, management is not aware of any litigation that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of Mid Penn or its subsidiaries taken as a whole. There are no proceedings pending other than ordinary routine litigation occurring in the normal course of business. In addition, management does not know of any material proceedings contemplated by governmental authorities against Mid Penn or any of its properties. ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS Management has reviewed the risk factors that were previously disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, to determine if there were material changes applicable to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Other then as noted below, there have been no material changes to such risk factors. Adverse developments affecting the banking industry, such as recent bank failures or concerns involving liquidity, may have material adverse effects on Mid Penn’s operations. Recent events impacting the banking industry, including the failure of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank, have resulted in decreased confidence in banks among deposit customers, investors and other counterparties. These banks had elevated levels of uninsured deposits, which may be less likely to remain at the bank over time and less stable as a source of funding than insured deposits . The failures of these three banks have caused significant disruption, volatility and reduced valuations of equity and other securities of banks in the capital markets. These events occurred during a period of rapidly rising interest rates, which, among other things, has resulted in unrealized losses in Mid Penn’s available for sale debt securities portfolio and increased competition for bank deposits. These events have, and could continue to have, adverse impacts on the market price and volatility of Mid Penn’s stock. These events could also lead to increases in Mid Penn’s interest expense, as it has raised and may continue to raise interest rates paid to depositors in order to compete with other banks. Additionally, these bank failures have caused concern and uncertainty regarding the liquidity adequacy of the banking sector as a whole and resulted in some bank customers choosing to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions. A significant reduction in Mid Penn’s deposits could materially adversely impact Mid Penn’s liquidity, ability to fund loans, and results of operations. In addition to customer deposits, Mid Penn borrows on an overnight and short-term basis from third parties in the form of federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements and through lines of credit and borrowings from the FHLB and other correspondent banks. If the Company is not able to access borrowings through those facilities due to an increase in demand from other banks or due to insufficient levels of pledgeable assets, its ability to borrow funds may be materially adversely impacted. ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS (1) None. (2) None. (3) Mid Penn adopted a treasury stock repurchase program initially effective March 19, 2020, and extended through March 19, 2023 by Mid Penn’s Board of Directors on March 23, 2022. The treasury stock repurchase program expired March 19, 2023. ITEM 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES None ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not Applicable ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION None 49 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. ITEM 6 – EXHIBITS • Exhibit 3.1 – The Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation . • Exhibit 3.2 – The Registrant’s By-laws . (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022.) • Exhibit 31.1 – Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as added by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. • Exhibit 31.2 - Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as added by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. • Exhibit 32 – Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as added by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. • Exhibit 101.SCH – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. • Exhibit 101.CAL – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. • Exhibit 101.DEF – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. • Exhibit 101.LAB – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. • Exhibit 101.PRE – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. • Exhibit 104 – Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). 50 Table of Contents MID PENN BANCORP, INC. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc. (Registrant) By: /s/ Rory G. Ritrievi Rory G. Ritrievi President and CEO (Principal Executive Officer) Date: May 9, 2023 By: /s/ Allison S. Johnson Allison S. Johnson Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Date: May 9, 2023 51