Mistras Group, Inc. 10-Q

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) provides a discussion of our results of operations and financial position for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The MD&A should be read together with our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Item 1 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the "Quarterly Report") and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, (“2023 Annual Report”). Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, “Mistras,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Mistras Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The MD&A includes the following sections: • Forward-Looking Statements • Overview • Note about Non-GAAP Measures • Consolidated Results of Operations • Liquidity and Capital Resources • Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Forward-Looking Statements This Quarterly Report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements include those that express plans, anticipation, intent, contingency, goals, targets or future development and/or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events and they are subject to risks and uncertainties known and unknown that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology, such as “goals,” or “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “predicts,” “appears,” “projects,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. You are urged not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, any of which may turn out to be wrong due to inaccurate assumptions, various risks, uncertainties or other factors known and unknown. Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in results and outcomes from those in our forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those discussed in the “Business—Forward-Looking Statements,” and “Risk Factors” sections of our 2023 Annual Report as well as those discussed in this Quarterly Report and in our other filings with the SEC. In addition, there are various developments discussed below which could create risks and uncertainty about our business, results of operations or liquidity. Overview We are a leading "one source" multinational provider of integrated technology-enabled asset protection solutions, helping to maximize the safety and operational uptime for civilization’s most critical industrial and civil assets. Backed by an innovative, data-driven asset protection portfolio, proprietary technologies, and decades-long legacy of industry leadership, the Company helps clients with asset-intensive infrastructure in the oil and gas, aerospace and defense, industrials, power generation and transmission (including alternative and renewable energy), other process industries and infrastructure, research and engineering and other industries towards achieving and maintaining operational excellence. By supporting these organizations that help fuel our vehicles and power our society; inspecting components that are trusted for commercial, defense, and space craft; and building real-time monitoring systems to help avoid catastrophic incidents, the Company helps the world at large. The Company enhances value for its clients by integrating asset protection throughout supply chains and centralizing integrity data through a suite of Industrial Internet of Things ("IoT")-connected digital software and monitoring solutions, including Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) OneSuite™, which serves as an ecosystem platform, pulling together all of the Company’s software and data services capabilities, for the benefit of its customers. The Company’s core capabilities also include non-destructive testing (“NDT”) field inspections enhanced by advanced robotics, laboratory quality control and assurance testing, sensing technologies and NDT equipment, asset and mechanical integrity engineering services, and light mechanical maintenance and access services. Our operations consist of three reportable segments: North America, International, and Products and Systems. • North America provides asset protection solutions predominantly in North America, with the largest concentration in the United States, followed by Canada, consisting primarily of NDT, inspection, mechanical and engineering services that are used to evaluate the structural integrity and reliability of critical energy, industrial and public infrastructure and commercial aerospace components. Software, digital and data services are included in this segment. • International offers services, products and systems similar to those of the other segments to select markets within Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and South America, but not to customers in China and South Korea, which are served by the Products and Systems segment. • Products and Systems designs, manufactures, sells, installs and services the Company’s asset protection products and systems, including equipment and instrumentation, predominantly in the United States. Given the role our solutions play in enhancing the safe and efficient operation of infrastructure, we have historically provided a majority of our solutions to our customers on a regular, recurring basis. We perform these services largely at our customers’ facilities, while primarily servicing our aerospace customers at our network of state-of-the-art, in-house laboratories. These solutions typically include NDT and inspection services, and can also include a wide range of mechanical services, including heat tracing, pre-inspection insulation stripping, coating applications, re-insulation, engineering assessments and long-term condition-monitoring. Under this business model, many customers outsource their inspection to us on a “run and maintain” basis. We have established long-term relationships as a critical solutions provider to many of the leading companies with asset-intensive infrastructure in our target markets. These markets include companies in the oil and gas, aerospace and defense, industrials, power generation and transmission (including alternative and renewable energy), other process industries and infrastructure, research and engineering and other industries. We have focused on providing our advanced asset protection solutions to our customers using proprietary, technology-enabled software and testing instruments, including those developed by our Products and Systems segment. We have made numerous acquisitions in an effort to grow our base of experienced, certified personnel, expand our service lines and technical capabilities, increase our geographical reach, complement our existing offerings, and leverage our fixed costs. We have increased our capabilities and the size of our customer base through the development of applied technologies and managed support services, organic growth and the integration of acquired companies. These acquisitions have provided us with additional service lines, technologies, resources and customers which we believe will enhance our advantages over our competition. We believe long-term growth can be realized in our target markets. Our level of business and financial results are impacted by world-wide macro- and micro-economic conditions generally, as well as those within our target markets. Among other things, we expect the timing of our oil and gas customers inspection spend to be impacted by oil price fluctuations. We have continued providing our customers with an innovative asset protection software ecosystem through our MISTRAS OneSuite platform. The software platform offers functions of MISTRAS' popular software and services brands as integrated apps on a cloud environment. OneSuite serves as a single access portal for customers' data activities and provides access to 90 plus applications being offered on one centralized platform. Recent Developments The Russian-Ukrainian war and the conflict in the Middle East between Israel and Hamas are creating disruptions in the oil and gas market and the supply chain in general, which is resulting in some disruption to our business operations primarily in Europe due to increased energy costs. Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) Our cash position and liquidity remains strong. As of June 30, 2024, the cash balance was approximately $17.2 million, and with our Credit Agreement, provides us with significant liquidity. In April 2021, the Biden Administration announced aggressive initiatives to battle climate change, which includes a significant reduction in the use of fossil fuels and a transition to electric vehicles and increased use of alternative energy. Any legislation or regulations that may be adopted to implement these measures may negatively impact our customers in the oil and gas market over the long-term, which presently is our largest market, although this initiative will likely benefit the alternative energy market, such as wind energy, for which we provide products and services. At this time, it is difficult to determine the magnitude and timing of the impact that climate change initiatives and legislation, if any, will have on these markets and the resulting impact on our business and operational results. The Company is currently unable to predict with certainty the overall impact that the factors discussed above and the effect of inflationary pressures may have on its business, results of operations or liquidity or in other ways which the Company cannot yet determine. The Company’s European operations are currently experiencing higher energy costs, among other increased costs, due in part to the Russian-Ukrainian war and the conflict in the Middle East between Israel and Hamas. The Company will continue to monitor market conditions and respond accordingly. Note About Non-GAAP Measures The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). In this MD&A under the heading "Income (loss) from Operations", the non-GAAP financial performance measure "Income (loss) from operations before special items” is used for each of our three operating segments, the Corporate segment and the "Total Company", with tables reconciling the measure to a financial measure under GAAP. This presentation excludes from "Income (loss) from Operations" (a) transaction expenses related to acquisitions, such as professional fees and due diligence costs, (b) the net changes in the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities, (c) impairment charges, (d) reorganization and other costs, which includes items such as severance, labor relations matters and asset and lease termination costs and (e) other special items. These adjustments have been excluded from the GAAP measure because these expenses and credits are not related to our or any individual segment's core business operations. The acquisition related costs and special items can be a net expense or credit in any given period. Our management uses this non-GAAP measure as a measure of operating performance and liquidity to assist in comparing performance from period to period on a consistent basis, as a measure for planning and forecasting overall expectations and for evaluating actual results against such expectations. We believe investors and other users of our financial statements benefit from the presentation of this non-GAAP measure in evaluating our performance. Income (loss) before special items excludes the identified adjustments, which provides additional tools to compare our core business operating performance on a consistent basis and measure underlying trends and results in our business. Income (loss) before special items is not used to determine incentive compensation for executives or employees, nor is it a replacement for the reported GAAP financial performance and/or necessarily comparable to the non-GAAP financial measures of other companies. Any measure that eliminates the foregoing items has material limitations as a performance or liquidity measure and should not be considered alternatives to net income (loss) or any other measures derived in accordance with GAAP. Because Income (loss) from operations before special items may not be calculated in the same manner by all companies, this measure may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies. Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) Results of Operations Condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows: Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues $ 189,773 $ 176,030 $ 374,215 $ 344,046 Gross profit 56,116 49,722 107,205 95,799 Gross profit as a % of Revenue 29.6 % 28.2 % 28.6 % 27.8 % Income from operations 11,959 3,893 17,511 2,065 Income from Operations as a % of Revenue 6.3 % 2.2 % 4.7 % 0.6 % Income before provision (benefit) for income taxes 7,546 35 8,669 (5,862) Net Income (loss) 6,373 376 7,377 (4,602) Net Income (loss) attributable to Mistras Group, Inc. $ 6,369 $ 337 $ 7,364 $ (4,649) Revenue Revenue was $189.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $13.7 million, or 7.8%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2023. Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $374.2 million, an increase of $30.2 million, or 8.8%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2023. Revenue by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows: Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenue North America $ 156,394 $ 145,550 $ 306,743 $ 282,482 International 34,264 30,277 67,311 59,684 Products and Systems 3,373 3,329 6,583 7,068 Corporate and eliminations (4,258) (3,126) (6,422) (5,188) $ 189,773 $ 176,030 $ 374,215 $ 344,046 Three Months In the three months ended June 30, 2024, total revenue increased 7.8% versus the prior year comparable period due predominantly to increased sales volume as compared to the prior period. North America segment revenue increased 7.5% due to an increase in sales volume in our aerospace and defense and power generation & transmission end markets, amongst others. International segment revenue increased 13.2%, due predominantly to increased turnaround projects and low double digit aerospace and defense growth. Products and Systems segment revenue increased 1.3%, due to increased sales volume as compared to the prior period. Oil and gas customer revenue comprised approximately 58% and 60% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Aerospace and defense customer revenue comprised approximately 12% and 11% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s top ten customers comprised approximately 35% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to 36% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, with no customer accounting for 10% or more of total revenue in either three-month period. Six months Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) In the six months ended June 30, 2024, total revenue increased 8.8% versus the comparable prior period. The increase was due predominantly to increased sales volume as compared to the prior period. Our North America segment revenue increased 8.6% due primarily to increased sales volume in our oil and gas and aerospace and defense end markets. International segment revenue increased 12.8% due to low double-digit organic growth and low single-digit favorable revenue impact from foreign exchange rates. Products and Systems segment revenue decreased 6.9% due to decreased sales volumes within the majority of end markets, as compared to the prior period. Oil and gas customer revenue comprised approximately 59% and 60% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Aerospace and defense customer revenue comprised approximately 12% and 11% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s top ten customers comprised approximately 35% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to 35% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, with no customer accounting for 10% or more of total revenue in either nine-month period. Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Oil and Gas Revenue by sub-category Upstream $ 42,349 $ 41,961 $ 84,116 $ 78,900 Midstream 25,292 27,293 46,684 48,524 Downstream 41,615 36,870 91,621 77,365 Total $ 109,256 $ 106,124 $ 222,421 $ 204,789 Oil and gas upstream customer revenue increased approximately $5.2 million, or 7%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, and $0.4 million, or 1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due to increased exploration operations and market share gains compared to the prior period. Midstream customer revenues decreased approximately $1.8 million, or 4%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, and $2.0 million, or 7%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due to decreased pipe inspection services as compared to the prior period. Downstream customer revenue increased $14.3 million, or 18%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, and $4.7 million, or 13%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due to increased sales volume at customer refineries and increased customer turnarounds. Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenue by type Field Services $ 134,528 $ 116,104 $ 260,883 $ 225,784 Shop Laboratories 16,938 14,244 34,133 27,376 Data Analytical Solutions 18,342 18,107 33,881 34,919 Other 19,965 27,575 45,318 55,967 Total $ 189,773 $ 176,030 $ 374,215 $ 344,046 Field Services revenues are comprised of revenue derived primarily by technicians performing asset inspections and maintenance services for our customers at locations other than Mistras properties. Field Services revenue increased by $35.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, and increased $18.4 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in both periods was due to increased sales volume in our oil and gas end market in our North America and International segments. Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) Shop Laboratory revenues are comprised of quality assurance inspections of components and materials at our Mistras in house laboratory facilities. Shop Laboratory revenues increased by $6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, and increased $2.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Shop Laboratory revenues increased in both periods as compared to the prior year periods due to increased sales volume related to our aerospace and defense end market. Data Analytical Solutions revenues are comprised of revenue derived from data software sales & subscriptions, implementation services and analytics that offer insights and recommendations to improve asset integrity. Data Analytical Solutions revenue is derived from work performed by Mistras employees in our facilities, or at customer locations, using our proprietary portfolio of software applications. Data Analytical Solutions revenue decreased by $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, and increased $0.2 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023 due primarily to decreased sales volume within PCMS, Onstream and other Data Analytical Solutions offerings within our North America segment for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and decreased sales volume for the same offerings for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Other revenues are comprised of locations that perform both asset inspection services and testing of components and materials at in house Mistras laboratories. Other revenues decreased by $10.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, and decreased $7.6 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Other revenues decreased in both periods primarily due to decreased sales in our other end markets within the North America and International segments. Gross Profit Gross profit increased by $6.4 million, or 12.9%, in the three months ended June 30, 2024 versus the prior year comparable period, on an increase in revenue of 7.8%. Gross profit increased by $11.4 million, or 11.9%, in the six months ended June 30, 2024 on an increase in revenue of 8.8%. Gross profit by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows: Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Gross profit North America $ 44,336 $ 39,679 $ 84,326 $ 76,316 % of segment revenue 28.3 % 27.3 % 27.5 % 27.0 % International 10,072 8,398 19,530 15,766 % of segment revenue 29.4 % 27.7 % 29.0 % 26.4 % Products and Systems 1,687 1,614 3,300 3,676 % of segment revenue 50.1 % 48.5 % 50.1 % 52.0 % Corporate and eliminations 21 31 49 41 $ 56,116 $ 49,722 $ 107,205 $ 95,799 % of total revenue 29.6 % 28.2 % 28.6 % 27.8 % Three Months Gross profit margin was 29.6% and 28.2% for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. North America segment realized an increase of 1.0% in gross profit margin to 28.3% during the three months ended June 30, 2024. This was primarily due to improved operating leverage, lower healthcare claims expense and growth in our higher margin end markets, as compared to the prior year period. International segment realized an increase of 1.7% in gross profit margin to 29.4% during the three months ended June 30, 2024, due primarily to improved operating leverage and the implementation of Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) strategic price increases. Products and Systems segment realized an increase of 1.5% in gross profit margin to 50.1% during the three months ended June 30, 2023 due to favorable sales mix. Six months Gross profit margin was 28.6% and 27.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. North America segment gross profit increased 0.5% to 27.5% due to favorable sales mix and lower healthcare claims for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. International segment gross profit increased 2.6% to 29.0% due to lower inflationary costs and the implementation of strategic price increases during the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. Products and Systems segment gross profit decreased 1.9% during the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the prior year period, due to unfavorable sales mix. Operating Expenses Operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows: Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Operating Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 40,957 $ 41,484 $ 82,144 $ 84,305 Reorganization and other costs 518 1,240 2,075 3,316 Research and engineering 231 511 575 991 Depreciation and amortization 2,391 2,443 4,839 4,969 Legal settlement and insurance recoveries, net 60 150 60 150 Acquisition-related expense, net — 1 1 3 $ 44,157 $ 45,829 $ 89,694 $ 93,734 % of total revenue 23.3 % 26.0 % 24.0 % 27.2 % Three months Total operating expenses decreased $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due predominantly to reductions occurring in the prior year period. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $0.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due predominantly to reductions occurring in the prior year period. Depreciation and amortization was flat during the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, $0.5 million of reorganization and other related costs were incurred, which were a result of the Company's on-going efficiency and productivity initiatives. Six months Operating expenses decreased $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023 due predominantly to reductions occurring in the prior year period. Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased $2.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, due primarily to reductions occurring in the prior year period and favorable foreign currency exchange. Reorganization and other costs for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023 decreased $1.2 million due to reduced professional fees and restructuring charges associated with changes in the Company's organizational structure. Depreciation and amortization decreased $0.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) Income (loss) from Operations The following table shows a reconciliation of the income (loss) from operations to income (loss) before special items for each of our three segments, Corporate and Eliminations and the Company in total: Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 North America: Income from operations (GAAP) $ 18,727 $ 12,338 $ 32,287 $ 21,715 Reorganization and other costs 92 478 92 539 Legal settlement and insurance recoveries, net 60 150 60 150 Income from operations before special items (non-GAAP) $ 18,879 $ 12,966 $ 32,439 $ 22,404 International: Income (loss) from operations (GAAP) $ 1,647 $ 507 $ 2,771 $ (61) Reorganization and other costs, net 161 88 263 195 Income from operations before special items (non-GAAP) $ 1,808 $ 595 $ 3,034 $ 134 Products and Systems: Income from operations (GAAP) $ 495 $ 94 $ 809 $ 478 Reorganization and other costs — — 2 — Income from operations before special items (non-GAAP) $ 495 $ 94 $ 811 $ 478 Corporate and Eliminations: Loss from operations (GAAP) $ (8,910) $ (9,046) $ (18,356) $ (20,067) Reorganization and other costs 265 674 1,718 2,582 Acquisition-related expense, net — 1 1 3 Loss from operations before special items (non-GAAP) $ (8,645) $ (8,371) $ (16,637) $ (17,482) Total Company: Income from operations (GAAP) $ 11,959 $ 3,893 $ 17,511 $ 2,065 Reorganization and other costs 518 1,240 2,075 3,316 Legal settlement and insurance recoveries, net 60 150 60 150 Acquisition-related expense, net — 1 1 3 Income from operations before special items (non-GAAP) $ 12,537 $ 5,284 $ 19,647 $ 5,534 See section Note About Non-GAAP Measures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for an explanation of the use of non-GAAP measurements. Three Months For the three months ended June 30, 2024, income from operations (GAAP) increased $8.1 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, while income from operations before special items (non-GAAP) increased $7.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. As a percentage of revenue, income from operations before special items increased by 360 basis points to 6.6% in the three months ended June 30, 2024 from 3.0% in the three months ended June 30, 2023. Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) Six months For the six months ended June 30, 2024, income from operations (GAAP) increased $15.4 million, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, while income from operations before special items (non-GAAP) increased $14.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. As a percentage of revenue, income from operations before special items increased by 370 basis points to 5.3% in the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 1.6% in the six months ended June 30, 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company experienced overall organic growth as well as decreased reorganization costs. Interest Expense Interest expense was approximately $4.4 million and $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Interest expense was approximately $8.8 million and $7.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in the three months ended June 30, 2024 was due to an increase in interest rates compared to the prior year period. The increase in interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the prior year period was due to an increase in the interest rates. Income Taxes Our effective income tax rate was approximately 15.5% and (974.3)% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our effective income tax rate was approximately 14.9% and 21.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was lower than the statutory rate primarily due to the impact of a favorable discrete item such as the reversal of valuation allowances. The effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was higher than the statutory rate due primarily to a $0.7 million valuation allowance recorded during the period which was related to a foreign jurisdiction. The effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was lower than the statutory rate due primarily to items such as the reversal of valuation allowances. The effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was lower than the statutory rate due primarily to an unfavorable discrete item related to stock compensation. Income tax expense varies as a function of pre-tax income and the level of non-deductible expenses, such as certain amounts of meals and entertainment expense, valuation allowances, and other permanent differences. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year but are not consistent from year to year. Our effective income tax rate may fluctuate over the next few years due to many variables including the amount and future geographic distribution of our pre-tax income, changes resulting from our acquisition strategy, and increases or decreases in our permanent differences. Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) Liquidity and Capital Resources Cash flows are summarized in the table below: Six months ended June 30, 2024 2023 Net cash provided by (used in): Operating activities $ 5,115 $ 18,321 Investing activities (11,217) (9,811) Financing activities 5,261 (11,187) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 372 188 Net change in cash and cash equivalents $ (469) $ (2,489) Cash Flows from Operating Activities During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash provided by operating activities was $5.1 million, representing a year-on-year decrease of $13.2 million, or 72%. The decrease was primarily related to increased working capital in the current period. Cash Flows from Investing Activities During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $11.2 million, compared to $9.8 million net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The change was primarily attributable to capital expenditures related to property, plant and equipment during the current period as compared to the prior period. Cash Flows from Financing Activities Net cash provided in financing activities was $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. This was a result of higher net repayments of debt of $16.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents The effect of exchange rate changes on our cash and cash equivalents was an increase of $0.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to an increase of $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The primary driver of the change was foreign currency fluctuations related to the Euro and the US Dollar. Cash Balance and Credit Facility Borrowings As of June 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $17.2 million and $102.5 million of unused commitments under our Credit Agreement with borrowings of $196.6 million and $3.2 million of letters of credit outstanding. We finance operations primarily through our existing cash balances, cash collected from operations, bank borrowings and capital lease financing. We believe these sources are sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. As of June 30, 2024, we were in compliance with the terms of the Credit Agreement and will continuously monitor our compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement. The terms of our Credit Agreement are described in Note 12- Long-Term Debt of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, under the heading " Senior Credit Facility ". Table of Contents Mistras Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (tabular dollars are in thousands) Contractual Obligations There have been no significant increases in our contractual obligations and outstanding indebtedness as disclosed in the 2023 Annual Report. Off-balance Sheet Arrangements During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in the 2023 Annual Report. ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk There have been no significant changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk as discussed in Part II, Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” included in the 2023 Annual Report.