LANDSTAR SYSTEM INC 10-K

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Dec. 30, 2023 Dec. 31, 2022 ASSETS Current Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 481,043 $ 339,581 Short-term investments 59,661 53,955 Trade accounts receivable, less allowance of $ 11,738 and $ 12,121 743,762 967,793 Other receivables, including advances to independent contractors, less allowance of $ 14,010 and $ 10,579 43,339 56,235 Other current assets 24,936 21,826 Total current assets 1,352,741 1,439,390 Operating property, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $ 436,682 and $ 393,274 284,300 314,990 Goodwill 42,275 41,220 Other assets 122,530 136,279 Total assets $ 1,801,846 $ 1,931,879 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current Liabilities Cash overdraft $ 61,541 $ 92,953 Accounts payable 395,980 527,372 Current maturities of long-term debt 27,876 36,175 Insurance claims 41,825 50,836 Dividends payable 71,433 71,854 Other current liabilities 76,569 98,945 Total current liabilities 675,224 878,135 Long-term debt, excluding current maturities 43,264 67,225 Insurance claims 58,922 58,268 Deferred income taxes and other noncurrent liabilities 40,513 41,030 Shareholders’ Equity Common stock, $ 0.01 par value, authorized 160,000,000 shares, issued 68,497,324 and 68,382,310 shares 685 684 Additional paid-in capital 254,642 258,487 Retained earnings 2,783,645 2,635,960 Cost of 32,780,651 and 32,455,300 shares of common stock in treasury ( 2,048,184 ) ( 1,992,886 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 6,865 ) ( 15,024 ) Total shareholders’ equity 983,923 887,221 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 1,801,846 $ 1,931,879 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 41 Table of Contents LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Fiscal Years Ended December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 25, 2021 Revenue $ 5,303,322 $ 7,436,562 $ 6,537,568 Investment income 10,141 3,162 2,857 Costs and expenses: Purchased transportation 4,068,262 5,804,017 5,114,667 Commissions to agents 462,668 614,865 507,209 Other operating costs, net of gains on asset sales/dispositions 54,191 45,192 36,531 Insurance and claims 114,241 125,835 105,463 Selling, general and administrative 211,799 221,279 221,278 Depreciation and amortization 58,153 57,453 49,609 Total costs and expenses 4,969,314 6,868,641 6,034,757 Operating income 344,149 571,083 505,668 Interest and debt (income) expense ( 3,946 ) 3,620 3,976 Income before income taxes 348,095 567,463 501,692 Income taxes 83,701 136,549 120,168 Net income $ 264,394 $ 430,914 $ 381,524 Basic and diluted earnings per share $ 7.36 $ 11.76 $ 9.98 Average basic and diluted shares outstanding 35,920,000 36,633,000 38,235,000 Dividends per common share $ 3.26 $ 3.10 $ 2.92 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 4 2 Table of Contents LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Dollars in thousands) Fiscal Years Ended Dec. 30, 2023 Dec. 31, 2022 Dec. 25, 2021 Net income $ 264,394 $ 430,914 $ 381,524 Other comprehensive income (loss): Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax expense (benefit) of $ 942 , ($ 2,345 ) and ($ 739 ) 3,439 ( 8,562 ) ( 2,695 ) Foreign currency translation gains (losses) 4,720 ( 1,059 ) ( 709 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 8,159 ( 9,621 ) ( 3,404 ) Comprehensive income $ 272,553 $ 421,293 $ 378,120 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 4 3 Table of Contents LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Dollars in thousands) Fiscal Years Ended Dec. 30, 2023 Dec. 31, 2022 Dec. 25, 2021 OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income $ 264,394 $ 430,914 $ 381,524 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 58,153 57,453 49,609 Non-cash interest charges 263 355 447 Provisions for losses on trade and other accounts receivable 14,032 12,220 5,722 Gains on sales/disposals of operating property ( 4,574 ) ( 2,944 ) ( 1,830 ) Deferred income taxes, net ( 7,709 ) ( 5,360 ) ( 3,790 ) Stock-based compensation 4,282 12,399 27,537 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Decrease (increase) in trade and other accounts receivable 222,895 219,190 ( 362,234 ) (Increase) decrease in other assets ( 2,544 ) ( 5,938 ) 4,444 (Decrease) increase in accounts payable ( 131,392 ) ( 76,758 ) 224,125 (Decrease) increase in other liabilities ( 15,795 ) ( 31,571 ) 43,422 (Decrease) increase in insurance claims ( 8,357 ) 12,699 ( 92,236 ) NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES 393,648 622,659 276,740 INVESTING ACTIVITIES Sales and maturities of investments 112,555 41,198 31,938 Purchases of investments ( 101,639 ) ( 40,202 ) ( 84,992 ) Purchases of operating property ( 25,688 ) ( 26,005 ) ( 23,261 ) Proceeds from sales of operating property 8,294 5,236 2,971 Purchase of non-marketable securities —   ( 4,999 ) —   NET CASH USED BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES ( 6,478 ) ( 24,772 ) ( 73,344 ) FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Decrease) increase in cash overdraft ( 31,412 ) ( 23,525 ) 41,730 Dividends paid ( 117,130 ) ( 115,671 ) ( 111,961 ) Payment for debt issue costs —   ( 1,080 ) —   Proceeds from exercises of stock options 28 68 160 Taxes paid in lieu of shares issued related to stock-based compensation plans ( 9,185 ) ( 10,428 ) ( 2,342 ) Purchases of common stock ( 53,919 ) ( 285,983 ) ( 122,722 ) Principal payments on finance lease obligations ( 36,353 ) ( 39,063 ) ( 37,644 ) Payment of deferred consideration —   —   ( 168 ) NET CASH USED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES ( 247,971 ) ( 475,682 ) ( 232,947 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 2,263 ( 2,195 ) ( 232 ) Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 141,462 120,010 ( 29,783 ) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 339,581 219,571 249,354 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 481,043 $ 339,581 $ 219,571 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 4 4 Table of Contents LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY For the Fiscal Years Ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Accumulated Additional Other Common Stock Paid-In Retained Treasury Stock at Cost Comprehensive Shares Amount Capital Earnings Shares Amount (Loss) Income Total Balance December 26, 2020 68,183,702 $ 682 $ 228,875 $ 2,046,238 29,797,639 $ ( 1,581,961 ) $ ( 1,999 ) $ 691,835 Net income 381,524 381,524 Dividends ($ 2.92 per share) ( 110,578 ) ( 110,578 ) Purchases of common stock 733,854 ( 122,722 ) ( 122,722 ) Issuance of stock related to stock-based compensation plans 49,273 —   ( 1,264 ) 7,742 ( 918 ) ( 2,182 ) Stock-based compensation 27,537 27,537 Other comprehensive loss ( 3,404 ) ( 3,404 ) Balance December 25, 2021 68,232,975 $ 682 $ 255,148 $ 2,317,184 30,539,235 $ ( 1,705,601 ) $ ( 5,403 ) $ 862,010 Net income 430,914 430,914 Dividends ($ 3.10 per share) ( 112,138 ) ( 112,138 ) Purchases of common stock 1,900,826 ( 285,983 ) ( 285,983 ) Issuance of stock related to stock-based compensation plans 149,335 2 ( 9,060 ) 15,239 ( 1,302 ) ( 10,360 ) Stock-based compensation 12,399 12,399 Other comprehensive loss ( 9,621 ) ( 9,621 ) Balance December 31, 2022 68,382,310 $ 684 $ 258,487 $ 2,635,960 32,455,300 $ ( 1,992,886 ) $ ( 15,024 ) $ 887,221 Net income 264,394 264,394 Dividends ($ 3.26 per share) ( 116,709 ) ( 116,709 ) Purchases of common stock 319,332 ( 54,267 ) ( 54,267 ) Issuance of stock related to stock-based compensation plans 115,014 1 ( 8,127 ) 6,019 ( 1,031 ) ( 9,157 ) Stock-based compensation 4,282 4,282 Other comprehensive income 8,159 8,159 Balance December 30, 2023 68,497,324 $ 685 $ 254,642 $ 2,783,645 32,780,651 $ ( 2,048,184 ) $ ( 6,865 ) $ 983,923 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 4 5 Table of Contents LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (1) Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Landstar System, Inc. and its subsidiary, Landstar System Holdings, Inc. (“LSHI”). Landstar System, Inc. and its subsidiary are herein referred to as “Landstar” or the “Company.” Significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the use of management’s estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Fiscal Year Landstar’s fiscal year is the 52 or 53 week period ending the last Saturday in December. Revenue Recognition The nature of the Company’s freight transportation services and its performance obligations to customers, regardless of the mode of transportation used to perform such services, relate to the safe and on-time pick-up and delivery of a customer’s freight on a shipment-by-shipment basis. Landstar customers are typically invoiced on a shipment-by-shipment basis at a pre-defined rate, payable thirty to sixty (30-60) days after the customer’s receipt of such invoice. Payment terms to customers do not contain a significant financing component and the amount owed by the customer does not contain variable terms, embedded or otherwise. We have determined that revenue recognition over the freight transit period provides a faithful depiction of the transfer of services to the customer as our obligation for which we are primarily responsible for fulfilling is performed over the transit period. Accordingly, transportation revenue billed to a customer for the physical transportation of freight and related direct freight expenses are recognized on a gross basis over the freight transit period as the performance obligation to the customer is satisfied. The Company determines the transit period for a given shipment based upon the pick-up date and the delivery date, which may be estimated if delivery has not occurred as of the reporting date. Determining the transit period and how much of it has been completed as of a given reporting date may therefore require management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized. With respect to shipments with a pick-up date in one reporting period and a delivery date in another, the Company recognizes such transportation revenue based on relative transit time in each reporting period. A days in transit output method is used to measure the progress of the performance of the Company’s freight transportation services as of the reporting date and a portion of the total revenue that will be billed to the customer once a load is delivered is recognized in each reporting period based on the percentage of total transit time that has been completed at the end of the applicable reporting period. Reinsurance premiums of the insurance segment are recognized over the period earned, which is usually on a monthly basis. Fuel surcharges billed to customers for freight hauled by independent contractors who provide truck capacity to the Company under exclusive lease arrangements (the “BCO Independent Contractors”) are excluded from revenue and paid in entirety to the BCO Independent Contractors. 4 6 Table of Contents Revenue from Contracts with Customers – Disaggregation of Revenue The following table summarizes (i) the percentage of consolidated revenue generated by mode of transportation and (ii) the total amount of truck transportation revenue hauled by BCO Independent Contractors and Truck Brokerage Carriers generated by equipment type during the fiscal years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021 (dollars in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 25, 2021 Mode Truck – BCO Independent Contractors 38 % 35 % 40 % Truck – Truck Brokerage Carriers 53 % 54 % 51 % Rail intermodal 2 % 2 % 2 % Ocean and air cargo carriers 5 % 8 % 5 % Truck Equipment Type Van equipment $ 2,742,281 $ 3,892,085 $ 3,525,830 Unsided/platform equipment $ 1,490,393 $ 1,760,357 $ 1,549,037 Less-than-truckload $ 117,683 $ 142,438 $ 117,505 Other truck transportation (1) $ 479,173 $ 835,959 $ 770,846 (1) Includes power-only, expedited, straight truck, cargo van, and miscellaneous other truck transportation revenue generated by the transportation logistics segment. Power-only refers to shipments where the Company furnishes a power unit and an operator but not trailing equipment, which is typically provided by the shipper or consignee. Insurance Claim Costs Landstar provides, primarily on an actuarially determined basis, for the estimated costs of cargo, property, casualty, general liability and workers’ compensation claims both reported and for claims incurred but not reported. Landstar retains liability through a self-insured retention for commercial trucking claims up to $ 5 million per occurrence. Effective May 1, 2019, the Company entered into a three year commercial auto liability insurance arrangement for losses incurred between $ 5 million and $ 10 million (the “2019 Initial Excess Policy”) with a third party insurance company. The Company subsequently extended the 2019 Initial Excess Policy for one additional policy year, from May 1, 2022 through April 30, 2023. For commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2022 through April 30, 2023, the extended 2019 Initial Excess Policy provides for a limit for a single loss of $ 5 million, with an aggregate limit of $ 10 million for the policy period ended April 30, 2023. Effective May 1, 2023, the Company entered into a new three year commercial auto liability insurance arrangement for losses incurred between $ 5 million and $ 10 million (the “2023 Initial Excess Policy”) with a third party insurance company. For commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2023 through April 30, 2026, the 2023 Initial Excess Policy provides for an aggregate deductible of $ 18 million over the thirty-six month term ending April 30, 2026. After payment of the deductible, the 2023 Initial Excess Policy provides for a limit for a single loss of $ 5 million, with an aggregate limit of $ 15 million for the thirty-six month term ending April 30, 2026. The Company also maintains third party insurance arrangements providing excess coverage for commercial trucking liabilities in excess of $ 10 million. These third party arrangements provide coverage on a per occurrence or aggregated basis. The Company from year to year manages the level of its financial exposure to commercial trucking claims in excess of $ 10 million, including through the use of additional self-insurance, deductibles, aggregate loss limits, quota shares and other arrangements with third party insurance companies, based on the availability of coverage within certain excess insurance coverage layers and estimated cost differentials between proposed premiums from third party insurance companies and historical and actuarially projected losses experienced by the Company at various levels of excess insurance coverage. Further, the Company retains liability of up to $ 2,000,000 for each general liability claim, $ 250,000 for each workers’ compensation claim and $ 250,000 for each cargo claim. In addition, under reinsurance arrangements by Signature of certain risks of the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors, the Company retains liability of up to $ 500,000 , $ 1,000,000 or $ 2,000,000 with respect to certain occupational accident claims and up to $ 750,000 with respect to certain workers’ compensation claims. 4 7 Table of Contents Tires Tires purchased as part of trailing equipment are capitalized as part of the cost of the equipment. Replacement tires are charged to expense when placed in service. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Included in cash and cash equivalents are all investments, except those provided for collateral, with an original maturity of 3 months or less. At December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no restricted cash held by the Company’s insurance segment. At December 25, 2021, the Company had $ 4,049 ,000 of restricted cash held by the Company’s insurance segment included in the short-term investments balance of $ 35,778 ,000, providing collateral, along with certain other investments, for the letters of credit issued to guarantee payment of insurance claims. Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, short and long-term investments, trade and other accounts receivable, accounts payable, other accrued liabilities, and long-term debt plus current maturities (“Debt”). The carrying value of cash equivalents, trade and other accounts receivable, accounts payable, current insurance claims and other accrued liabilities approximates fair value as the assets and liabilities are short term in nature. Short and long-term investments are carried at fair value as further described in Note 3 in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s Debt includes borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility, to the extent there are any, plus borrowings relating to finance lease obligations used to finance trailing equipment. The interest rates on borrowings under the revolving credit facility are typically tied to short-term interest rates that adjust monthly and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value. Interest rates on borrowings under finance leases approximate the interest rates that would currently be available to the Company under similar terms and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value. Trade and Other Receivables The allowance for doubtful accounts for both trade and other receivables represents management’s estimate of the amount of outstanding receivables that will not be collected. Estimates are used to determine the allowance for doubtful accounts for both trade and other receivables and are generally based on specific identification, historical collection results, current economic trends and changes in payment trends. Following is a summary of the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts for fiscal years ending December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021 (in thousands): Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Write-offs, Net of Recoveries Balance at End of Period For the Fiscal Year Ended December 30, 2023 Trade receivables $ 12,121 $ 5,704 $ ( 6,087 ) $ 11,738 Other receivables 11,745 8,325 ( 4,694 ) 15,376 Other non-current receivables 203 3 —   206 $ 24,069 $ 14,032 $ ( 10,781 ) $ 27,320 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022 Trade receivables $ 7,074 $ 7,354 $ ( 2,307 ) $ 12,121 Other receivables 9,511 4,863 ( 2,629 ) 11,745 Other non-current receivables 200 3 —   203 $ 16,785 $ 12,220 $ ( 4,936 ) $ 24,069 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 25, 2021 Trade receivables $ 8,670 $ 1,735 $ ( 3,331 ) $ 7,074 Other receivables 8,399 4,050 ( 2,938 ) 9,511 Other non-current receivables 264 ( 63 ) ( 1 ) 200 $ 17,333 $ 5,722 $ ( 6,270 ) $ 16,785 Operating Property Operating property is recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Buildings and improvements are being depreciated over 30 years. Trailing equipment is being depreciated over 7 to 10 years. Information technology hardware and software is generally being depreciated over 3 to 7 years. 4 8 Table of Contents Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. The Company has two reporting units within the transportation logistics segment that report goodwill. The Company reviews its goodwill balance annually for impairment for each reporting unit, unless circumstances dictate more frequent assessments, and in accordance with ASU 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment . ASU 2011-08 permits an initial assessment, commonly referred to as “step zero”, of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount and also provides a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative analysis required by ASC Topic 350. In the fourth fiscal quarter of 2023, the Company performed the qualitative assessment of goodwill and determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of its reporting units would be greater than its carrying amount. Therefore, the Company determined it was not necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. Furthermore, there has been no historical impairment of the Company’s goodwill. Income Taxes Income tax expense is equal to the current year’s liability for income taxes and a provision for deferred income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the future tax effects attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Share-Based Payments The Company’s share-based payment arrangements include restricted stock units (“RSU”), non-vested restricted stock, Deferred Stock Units and stock options. The fair value of an RSU with a performance condition is determined based on the market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant, discounted for lack of marketability for a minimum post-vesting holding requirement. With respect to RSU awards with a performance condition, the Company reports compensation expense ratably over the life of the award based on an estimated number of units that will vest over the life of the award, multiplied by the fair value of an RSU. The fair value of an RSU with a market condition is determined at the time of grant based on the expected achievement of the market condition at the end of each vesting period. With respect to RSU awards with a market condition, the Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period under an award based on the fair market value of the award at the time of grant, regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. Previously recognized compensation cost would be reversed, however, if the employee terminated employment prior to completing such requisite service period. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model and recognizes compensation cost for stock option awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Forfeitures are estimated at grant date based on historical experience and anticipated employee turnover. The fair values of each share of non-vested restricted stock issued and Deferred Stock Unit granted are based on the fair value of a share of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant and compensation costs for non-vested restricted stock and Deferred Stock Units are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the award. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, which includes outstanding non-vested restricted stock and outstanding Deferred Stock Units. Diluted earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the incremental shares that would have been outstanding upon the assumed exercise of all dilutive stock options. During the fiscal years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding is the same for purposes of the calculations of both basic and diluted earnings per share, as the impact on earnings per share of future compensation expense related to outstanding, unvested time-based awards is greater than the incremental impact of outstanding dilutive stock options in each period, and would therefore have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share if included in the calculation of earnings per share. Accordingly, the Company had no reconciling items between the average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate basic earnings per common share and the average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per share during the fiscal years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021. For the fiscal years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021, no options outstanding to purchase shares of Common Stock were antidilutive. As of December 30, 2023, there were no outstanding options issued by the Company . Outstanding RSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for all periods because the performance metric requirements or market condition for vesting had not been satisfied. 4 9 Table of Contents Dividends Payable On December 4, 2023 , the Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend of $ 2.00 per share payable on January 19, 2024 to stockholders of record of its Common Stock as of January 3, 2024 . Dividends payable of $ 71,433 ,000 related to this special dividend were included in current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 30, 2023. On December 6, 2022 , the Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend of $ 2.00 per share payable on January 20, 2023 to stockholders of record of its Common Stock as of January 6, 2023 . Dividends payable of $ 71,854 ,000 related to this special dividend were included in current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022. Foreign Currency Translation Assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian and Mexican operations are translated from their functional currency to U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and revenue and expense accounts are translated at average monthly exchange rates during the period. Adjustments resulting from the translation process are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Transactional gains and losses arising from receivable and payable balances, including intercompany balances, in the normal course of business that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the operation are recorded in the statements of income when they occur. (2) Other Comprehensive Income The following table presents the components of and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of related income taxes, as of and for the fiscal years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021 (in thousands): Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities Foreign Currency Translation Total Balance as of December 26, 2020 $ 2,808 $ ( 4,807 ) $ ( 1,999 ) Other comprehensive loss ( 2,695 ) ( 709 ) ( 3,404 ) Balance as of December 25, 2021 113 ( 5,516 ) ( 5,403 ) Other comprehensive loss ( 8,562 ) ( 1,059 ) ( 9,621 ) Balance as of December 31, 2022 ( 8,449 ) ( 6,575 ) $ ( 15,024 ) Other comprehensive income 3,439 4,720 8,159 Balance as of December 30, 2023 $ ( 5,010 ) $ ( 1,855 ) $ ( 6,865 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to investment income due to the realization of previously unrealized gains and losses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income were not significant for the fiscal years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021. (3) Investments Investments include primarily investment-grade corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and U.S. T reasury obligations having maturities of up to five years (the “bond portfolio”) and money market investments. Investments in the bond portfolio are reported as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Investments maturing less than one year from the balance sheet date are included in short-term investments and investments maturing more than one year from the balance sheet date are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Management performs an analysis of the nature of the unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments to determine whether an allowance for credit loss is necessary. Unrealized losses, representing the excess of the purchase price of an investment over its fair value as of the end of a period, considered to be a result of credit-related factors, are to be included as a charge in the statement of income, while unrealized losses considered to be a result of non-credit-related factors are to be included as a component of shareholders’ equity. Investments whose values are based on quoted market prices in active markets are classified within Level 1. Investments that trade in markets that are not considered to be active, but are valued based on quoted market prices, are classified within Level 2. As Level 2 investments include positions that are not traded in active markets, valuations may be 50 Table of Contents adjusted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability, which are generally based on available market information. Any transfers between levels are recognized as of the beginning of any reporting period. Fair value of the bond portfolio was determined using Level 1 inputs related to U.S. Treasury obligations and money market investments and Level 2 inputs related to investment-grade corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and direct obligations of government agencies. Unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains, on the investments in the bond portfolio were $ 6,382,000 and $ 10,763,000 at December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The amortized cost and fair values of available-for-sale investments are as follows at December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value December 30, 2023 Money market investments $ 16,832 $ —   $ —   $ 16,832 Asset-backed securities 16,543 —   2,236 14,307 Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies 118,481 279 4,384 114,376 U.S. Treasury obligations 6,287 2 43 6,246 Total $ 158,143 $ 281 $ 6,663 $ 151,761 December 31, 2022 Money market investments $ 21,910 $ —   $ —   $ 21,910 Asset-backed securities 18,905 —   2,889 16,016 Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies 126,134 1 7,775 118,360 U.S. Treasury obligations 2,344 —   100 2,244 Total $ 169,293 $ 1 $ 10,764 $ 158,530 For those available-for-sale investments with unrealized losses at December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the following table summarizes the duration of the unrealized loss (in thousands): Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss December 30, 2023 Asset-backed securities $ —   $ —   $ 14,307 $ 2,236 $ 14,307 $ 2,236 Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies 3,506 42 86,841 4,342 90,347 4,384 U.S. Treasury obligations —   —   2,305 43 2,305 43 Total $ 3,506 $ 42 $ 103,453 $ 6,621 $ 106,959 $ 6,663 December 31, 2022 Asset-backed securities $ —   $ —   $ 16,016 $ 2,889 $ 16,016 $ 2,889 Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies 54,031 1,516 62,390 6,259 116,421 7,775 U.S. Treasury obligations 2,244 100 —   —   2,244 100 Total $ 56,275 $ 1,616 $ 78,406 $ 9,148 $ 134,681 $ 10,764 The Company believes unrealized losses on investments were primarily caused by rising interest rates rather than changes in credit quality. The Company expects to recover, through collection of all of the contractual cash flows of each security, the amortized cost basis of these securities as it does not intend to sell, and does not anticipate being required to sell, these securities before recovery of the cost basis. For these reasons, no losses have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. 51 Table of Contents Short-term investments include $ 59,661,000 in current maturities of investments held by the Company’s insurance segment at December 30, 2023. The non-current portion of the bond portfolio of $ 92,100,000 is included in other assets. The short-term investments, together with $ 25,955,000 of non-current investments, provide collateral for the $ 77,054,000 of letters of credit issued to guarantee payment of insurance claims. Investment income represents the earnings on the insurance segment’s assets. Investment income earned from the assets of the insurance segment are included as a component of operating income as the investment of these assets is critical to providing collateral, liquidity and earnings with respect to the operation of the Company’s insurance programs. (4) Income Taxes The provisions for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands): Fiscal Years 2023 2022 2021 Current: Federal $ 76,827 $ 116,642 $ 104,640 State 13,305 23,309 18,462 Foreign 1,278 1,958 856 Total current $ 91,410 $ 141,909 $ 123,958 Deferred: Federal $ ( 8,410 ) $ ( 3,945 ) $ ( 3,278 ) State 701 ( 1,415 ) ( 512 ) Total deferred $ ( 7,709 ) $ ( 5,360 ) $ ( 3,790 ) Income taxes $ 83,701 $ 136,549 $ 120,168 Temporary differences and carryforwards which gave rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): Dec. 30, 2023 Dec. 31, 2022 Deferred tax assets: Receivable valuations $ 6,616 $ 5,838 Share-based payments 2,550 5,021 Self-insured claims 3,376 3,205 Other 10,412 11,381 Total deferred tax assets $ 22,954 $ 25,445 Deferred tax liabilities: Operating property $ 39,117 $ 49,092 Goodwill 4,107 3,892 Other 3,718 3,895 Total deferred tax liabilities $ 46,942 $ 56,879 Net deferred tax liability $ 23,988 $ 31,434 The following table summarizes the differences between income taxes calculated at the federal income tax rate of 21 % on income before income taxes and the provisions for income taxes (in thousands): Fiscal Years 2023 2022 2021 Income taxes at federal income tax rate $ 73,100 $ 119,167 $ 105,355 State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 11,250 16,596 14,260 Non-deductible executive compensation 2,309 3,552 2,946 Meals and entertainment exclusion 520 200 —   Share-based payments ( 2,832 ) ( 2,958 ) ( 1,070 ) Research and development credits ( 1,672 ) ( 1,526 ) ( 2,069 ) Other, net 1,026 1,518 746 Income taxes $ 83,701 $ 136,549 $ 120,168 The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The Company or its subsidiaries file state tax returns in the majority of the U.S. state tax jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company and its subsidiaries are no longer subject to U.S. federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for 2019 and prior years. The Company’s wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary, 52 Table of Contents Landstar Canada, Inc., is subject to Canadian income and other taxes. The Company’s wholly-owned Mexican subsidiaries, Landstar Holdings, S. de R.L.C.V. and Landstar Metro, S.A.P.I. de C.V., are subject to Mexican income and other taxes. The Company’s Canadian and Mexican subsidiaries also may each be subject to U.S. income and other taxes. As of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $ 4,467,000 and $ 3,046,000 , respectively, of net unrecognized tax benefits representing the provision for the uncertainty of certain tax positions plus a component of interest and penalties. Estimated interest and penalties on the provision for the uncertainty of certain tax positions is included in income tax expense. At December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was $ 1,249,000 and $ 845,000 , respectively, accrued for estimated interest and penalties related to the uncertainty of certain tax positions. The Company does not currently anticipate any significant increase or decrease to the unrecognized tax benefit during fiscal year 2024. The following table summarizes the rollforward of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Fiscal Years 2023 2022 Gross unrecognized tax benefits – beginning of the year $ 3,726 $ 2,845 Gross increases related to current year tax positions 953 789 Gross increases related to prior year tax positions 1,570 792 Gross decreases related to prior year tax positions —   ( 83 ) Lapse of statute of limitations ( 795 ) ( 617 ) Gross unrecognized tax benefits – end of the year $ 5,454 $ 3,726 Landstar paid income taxes of $ 92,695,000 in fiscal year 2023, $ 158,715,000 in fiscal year 2022 and $ 104,844,000 in fiscal year 2021. (5) Operating Property Operating property is summarized as follows (in thousands): Dec. 30, 2023 Dec. 31, 2022 Land $ 16,328 $ 16,328 Buildings and improvements 71,157 69,160 Trailing equipment 491,208 502,322 Information technology hardware and software 132,153 110,626 Other equipment 10,136 9,828 Total operating property, gross 720,982 708,264 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 436,682 393,274 Total operating property, net $ 284,300 $ 314,990 Included above is $ 143,542,000 in fiscal year 2023 and $ 185,609,000 in fiscal year 2022 of operating property under finance leases, $ 100,188,000 and $ 137,087,000 , respectively, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Landstar acquired operating property by entering into finance leases in the amount of $ 4,093,000 in fiscal year 2023, $ 30,659,000 in fiscal year 2022 and $ 48,674,000 in fiscal year 2021. (6) Retirement Plan Landstar sponsors an Internal Revenue Code section 401(k) defined contribution plan for the benefit of U.S. domiciled full-time employees who have completed three months of service. Eligible employees make voluntary contributions up to 75 % of their base salary, subject to certain limitations. Landstar contributes an amount equal to 100 % of the first 3% and 50 % of the next 2 % of such contributions, subject to certain limitations. The expense for the Company-sponsored defined contribution plan included in selling, general and administrative expense was $ 2,812,000 in fiscal year 2023, $ 2,716,000 in fiscal year 2022 and $ 2,374,000 in fiscal year 2021. 53 Table of Contents (7) Debt Other than the finance lease obligations as presented on the consolidated balance sheets, the Company had no outstanding debt as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. On July 1, 2022 , Landstar entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement with a bank syndicate led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement, which matures July 1, 2027, provides for borrowing capacity in the form of a revolving credit facility of $ 300,000,000 , $ 45,000,000 of which may be utilized in the form of letters of credit. The Credit Agreement also includes an “accordion” feature providing for a possible increase of up to an aggregate amount of borrowing capacity of $ 600,000,000 . As of December 30, 2023, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. The revolving credit loans under the Credit Agreement, at the option of Landstar, bear interest at (i) a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate plus 0.10 % and an applicable margin ranging from 1.25 % to 2.00 %, or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25 % to 1.00 %, in each case with the applicable margin determined based upon the Company’s Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, at the end of the most recent applicable fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered. The revolving credit facility bears a commitment fee, payable quarterly in arrears, of 0.20 % to 0.30 %, based on the Company’s Leverage Ratio at the end of the most recent applicable fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered. The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that limit, among other things, the incurrence of additional indebtedness. The Company is required to, among other things, maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, as described in the Credit Agreement, and maintain a Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, below a specified maximum. The Credit Agreement provides for a restriction on cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders on the Company’s capital stock to the extent there is a default under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement under certain circumstances limits the amount of such cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders to the extent that, after giving effect to any payment made to effect such cash dividend or other distribution, the Leverage Ratio would exceed 2.5 to 1 on a pro forma basis as of the end of the Company’s most recently completed fiscal quarter. The Credit Agreement provides for an event of default in the event that, among other things, a person or group acquires 35 % or more of the outstanding capital stock of the Company or obtains power to elect a majority of the Company’s directors or the directors cease to consist of a majority of Continuing Directors, as defined in the Credit Agreement. None of these covenants are presently considered by management to be materially restrictive to the Company’s operations, capital resources or liquidity. The Company is currently in compliance with all of the debt covenants under the Credit Agreement. The interest rates on borrowings under the revolving credit facility are typically tied to short-term interest rates and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value. Interest rates on borrowings under finance leases approximate the interest rates that would currently be available to the Company under similar terms and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value. Landstar paid interest of $ 3,604,000 in fiscal year 2023, $ 4,151,000 in fiscal year 2022 and $ 3,715,000 in fiscal year 2021. (8) Leases Landstar’s noncancelable leases are primarily comprised of finance leases for the acquisition of new trailing equipment. Each finance lease for the acquisition of trailing equipment is a five year lease with a $ 1 purchase option for the applicable equipment at lease expiration. Substantially all of Landstar’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities represent leases for facilities maintained in support of the Company’s network of BCO Independent Contractors and office space used to conduct Landstar’s business. These leases do not have significant rent escalation holidays, concessions, leasehold improvement incentives or other build-out clauses. Further, the leases do not contain contingent rent provisions. Landstar also rents certain trailing equipment to supplement the Company-owned trailer fleet under “month-to-month” lease terms, which are not required to be recorded on the balance sheet due to the less than twelve month lease term exemption. Sublease income is primarily comprised of weekly trailing equipment rentals to BCO Independent Contractors. Most of Landstar’s operating leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at Landstar’s sole discretion, and, as such, the majority of renewals to extend the lease terms are not included in the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as they are not reasonably certain of exercise. Landstar regularly evaluates the renewal options, and when they are reasonably certain of exercise, Landstar includes the renewal period in the lease term. 5 4 Table of Contents As most of Landstar’s operating leases do not provide an implicit rate, Landstar utilized its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. Landstar has a centrally managed treasury function; therefore, based on the applicable lease terms and the current economic environment, the Company applies a portfolio approach for determining the incremental borrowing rate. The components of lease cost for finance leases and operating leases as of December 30, 2023 were (in thousands): Finance leases: Amortization of right-of-use assets $ 20,258 Interest on lease liability 2,598 Total finance lease cost 22,856 Operating leases: Lease cost 3,603 Variable lease cost —   Sublease income ( 5,456 ) Total net operating lease income ( 1,853 ) Total net lease cost $ 21,003 Total net operating lease income, net of rent expense under operating leases, was $ 2,121,000 and $ 1,632,000 in fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively. A summary of the lease classification on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 30, 2023 is as follows (in thousands): Assets: Operating lease right-of-use assets Other assets $ 1,695 Finance lease assets Operating property, less accumulated depreciation and amortization 100,188 Total lease assets $ 101,883 Liabilities: The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for the finance and operating leases to the finance and operating lease liabilities recorded on the balance sheet at December 30, 2023 (in thousands): Finance Leases Operating Leases 2024 $ 29,739 $ 857 2025 23,554 544 2026 15,448 213 2027 5,049 176 2028 948 49 Thereafter —   —   Total future minimum lease payments 74,738 1,839 Less amount representing interest ( 1.6 % to 6.0 %) 3,598 144 Present value of minimum lease payments $ 71,140 $ 1,695 Current maturities of long-term debt 27,876 Long-term debt, excluding current maturities 43,264 Other current liabilities 832 Deferred income taxes and other noncurrent liabilities 863 55 Table of Contents The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate for finance and operating leases as of December 30, 2023 were: Finance Leases Operating Leases Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 2.9 2.7 Weighted average discount rate 3.1 % 6.0 % (9) Share-Based Payment Arrangements As of December 30, 2023, the Company has an employee equity incentive plan, the 2011 equity incentive plan (the “2011 EIP”). The Company also has a stock compensation plan for members of its Board of Directors, the 2022 Directors Stock Compensation Plan (the “2022 DSCP”), which replaced the Amended and Restated 2013 Directors Stock Compensation Plan (as amended and restated, the “2013 DSCP”). The provisions of the 2022 DSCP are substantially similar to the provisions of the 2013 DSCP. 6,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock were authorized for issuance under the 2011 EIP and 200,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock were authorized for issuance under the 2022 DSCP. The 2011 EIP, 2013 DSCP and 2022 DSCP are each referred to herein as a “Plan,” and, collectively, as the “Plans.” Amounts recognized in the financial statements with respect to these Plans are as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Years 2023 2022 2021 Total cost of the Plans during the period $ 4,282 $ 12,399 $ 27,537 Amount of related income tax benefit recognized during the period ( 3,622 ) ( 5,199 ) ( 7,063 ) Net cost of the Plans during the period $ 660 $ 7,200 $ 20,474 Included in income tax benefits recognized in the fiscal years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021 were excess tax benefits from stock-based awards of $ 2,830,000 , $ 2,948,000 and $ 1,057,000 , respectively. As of December 30, 2023, there were 187,260 shares of the Company’s Common Stock reserved for issuance under the 2022 DSCP and 3,014,145 shares of the Company’s Common Stock reserved for issuance under the 2011 EIP. Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s outstanding restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards with either a performance condition or a market condition under the Plans: Number of RSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding at December 26, 2020 183,213 $ 93.44 Granted 46,342 $ 128.64 Shares earned in excess of target (1) 7,132 $ 31.97 Vested shares, including shares earned in excess of target ( 24,600 ) $ 59.85 Forfeited ( 2,688 ) $ 107.76 Outstanding at December 25, 2021 209,399 $ 102.90 Granted 50,019 $ 139.44 Shares earned in excess of target (2) 91,497 $ 92.58 Vested shares, including shares earned in excess of target ( 177,146 ) $ 95.48 Forfeited ( 21,989 ) $ 113.85 Outstanding at December 31, 2022 151,780 $ 115.80 Granted 41,638 $ 164.91 Shares earned in excess of target (3) 79,176 $ 98.39 Vested shares, including shares earned in excess of target ( 137,861 ) $ 97.97 Forfeited ( 2,011 ) $ 142.67 Outstanding at December 30, 2023 132,722 $ 138.93 5 6 Table of Contents (1) Represents shares earned in excess of target under the May 1, 2015 RSU award as total shareholder return exceeded the target under the award. (2) Represents additional shares earned under each of the February 2, 2017, February 2, 2018 and February 1, 2019 RSU awards, as fiscal year 2021 financial results exceeded target performance level under each such award. (3) Represents additional shares earned (i) under the February 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020 RSU awards as fiscal year 2022 financial results exceeded target performance level and (ii) under the April 24, 2018 and July 1, 2019 RSU awards as total shareholder return during the applicable performance period exceeded target performance level under each of those awards. During fiscal years 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Company granted RSUs with a performance condition. RSUs with a performance condition granted on February 3, 2023 may vest on January 31 of 2026, 2027 and 2028 based on growth in operating income and pre-tax income per diluted share from continuing operations as compared to the results from the 2022 fiscal year. RSUs with a performance condition granted on January 28, 2022 may vest on January 31 of 2025, 2026 and 2027 based on growth in operating income and pre-tax income per diluted share from continuing operations as compared to the results from the 2021 fiscal year. RSUs with a performance condition granted on January 29, 2021 may vest on January 31 of 2024, 2025 and 2026 based on growth in operating income and pre-tax income per diluted share from continuing operations as compared to the results from the 2020 fiscal year, adjusted to reflect the add back of non-cash impairment charges recorded in the Company’s 2020 fiscal year related to certain assets, primarily customer contract and related customer relationship intangible assets, held by the Company’s Mexican subsidiaries. At the time of grant, the target number of common shares available for issuance under the February 3, 2023, January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021 grants equals 100 % of the number of RSUs granted, and the maximum number of common shares available for issuance under the February 3, 2023, January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021 grants equals 200 % of the number of RSUs credited to the recipient. In the event actual results exceed the target, the number of shares that will be granted will exceed the number of RSUs granted. The fair value of an RSU with a performance condition was determined based on the market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant, discounted for lack of marketability for a minimum post-vesting holding requirement. The discount rate due to lack of marketability used for RSU award grants with a performance condition for all periods was 7 %. With respect to RSU awards with a performance condition, the Company reports compensation expense over the life of the award based on an estimated number of units that will vest over the life of the award, multiplied by the fair value of an RSU at the time of grant. The Company recognized approximately $ 581,000 , $ 9,100,000 and $ 24,197,000 of share-based compensation expense related to RSU awards in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 30, 2023, there was a maximum of $ 30.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSU awards granted under the Plans with an expected average remaining life of approximately 3.2 years. With respect to RSU awards with a performance condition, the amount of future compensation expense to be recognized will be determined based on future operating results. Non-vested Restricted Stock and Deferred Stock Units The 2011 EIP provides the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors with the authority to issue shares of Common Stock of the Company, subject to certain vesting and other restrictions on transfer (“restricted stock”). The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s outstanding shares of non-vested restricted stock and Deferred Stock Units (defined below) under the Plans: Number of Shares and Deferred Stock Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested at December 26, 2020 60,440 $ 103.65 Granted 26,351 $ 150.20 Vested ( 29,055 ) $ 104.35 Forfeited ( 1,300 ) $ 97.81 Non-vested at December 25, 2021 56,436 $ 125.16 Granted 25,354 $ 152.54 Vested ( 27,074 ) $ 122.68 Forfeited ( 6,921 ) $ 144.45 Non-vested at December 31, 2022 47,795 $ 138.30 Granted 22,714 $ 179.32 Vested ( 24,161 ) $ 138.35 Non-vested at December 30, 2023 46,348 $ 158.38 57 Table of Contents The fair value of each share of non-vested restricted stock issued and Deferred Stock Unit granted under the Plans is based on the fair value of a share of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant. Shares of non-vested restricted stock are generally subject to vesting in three equal annual installments either on the first, second and third anniversary of the date of grant or the third, fourth and fifth anniversary of the date of the grant, or 100 % on the first, third or fifth anniversary of the date of the grant. For restricted stock awards granted under the 2022 DSCP, each recipient may elect to defer receipt of shares and instead receive restricted stock units (“Deferred Stock Units”), which represent contingent rights to receive shares of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of recipient separation from service from the Board of Directors, or, if earlier, upon a change in control event of the Company. Deferred Stock Units become vested 100 % on the first anniversary of the date of the grant. Deferred Stock Units do not represent actual ownership in shares of the Company’s Common Stock and the recipient does not have voting rights or other incidents of ownership until the shares are issued. However, Deferred Stock Units do contain the right to receive dividend equivalent payments prior to settlement into shares. As of December 30, 2023, there was $ 3,821,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested shares of restricted stock and Deferred Stock Units granted under the Plans. The unrecognized compensation cost related to these non-vested shares of restricted stock and Deferred Stock Units is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years. Stock Options The Company did not grant any stock options during its 2021, 2022 or 2023 fiscal years. Options outstanding under the Plans generally become exercisable in either five equal annual installments commencing on the first anniversary of the date of grant or 100 % on the fifth anniversary from the date of grant, subject to acceleration in certain circumstances. All options granted under the Plans expire on the tenth anniversary of the date of grant. Under the Plans, the exercise price of each option equals the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant. The fair value of each option grant on its grant date was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company utilized historical data, including exercise patterns and employee departure behavior, in estimating the term that options will be outstanding. Expected volatility was based on historical volatility and other factors, such as expected changes in volatility arising from planned changes to the Company’s business, if any. The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield of zero coupon U.S. Treasury bonds for terms that approximated the terms of the options granted. The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s outstanding stock options under the Plans: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Options at December 26, 2020 17,650 $ 54.16 17,650 $ 54.16 Exercised ( 9,080 ) $ 52.97 Options at December 25, 2021 8,570 $ 55.42 8,570 $ 55.42 Exercised ( 6,670 ) $ 55.14 Options at December 31, 2022 1,900 $ 56.40 1,900 $ 56.40 Exercised ( 1,900 ) $ 56.40 Options at December 30, 2023 —   —   The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 218,000 , $ 704,000 and $ 965,000 , respectively. As of December 30, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the Plans and no outstanding options issued by the Company. Directors’ Stock Compensation Plan Directors of the Company who are not employees of the Company (each an “Eligible Director”) are entitled under the 2022 DSCP to receive a grant of such number of restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock or Deferred Stock Units equal to the quotient of $ 150,000 divided by the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date immediately following the date of each annual 58 Table of Contents meeting of the stockholders of the Company (an “Annual Meeting”). Each eligible Director was previously entitled under the 2013 DSCP to receive a grant of such number of restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock or Deferred Stock Units equal to the quotient of $ 110,000 divided by the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date immediately following the date of each Annual Meeting. In fiscal year 2023, 5,957 restricted shares were granted to Eligible Directors. In fiscal year 2022, 7,063 restricted shares were granted to Eligible Directors. In fiscal year 2021, 3,804 restricted shares were granted to Eligible Directors. Restricted shares granted in 2021, 2022 and 2023 vest on the date of the next Annual Meeting. During fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, $ 1,050,000 , $ 964,000 and $ 669,000 , respectively, of compensation cost was recorded for the grant of these restricted shares and Deferred Stock Units. (10) Equity On December 7, 2021, the Landstar System, Inc. Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase up to 1,912,824 shares of the Company’s Common Stock from time to time in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions. On December 6, 2022, the Landstar System, Inc. Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase up to 1,900,826 additional shares of the Company’s Common Stock from time to time in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions. On December 4, 2023, the Landstar System, Inc. Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase up to 319,332 additional shares of its Common Stock from time to time in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions under its share purchase program. As of December 30, 2023, the Company had authorization to purchase in the aggregate up to 3,000,000 shares of its Common Stock under these programs. No specific expiration date has been assigned to the December 7, 2021, December 6, 2022 or December 4, 2023 authorizations. During fiscal year 2023, Landstar purchased a total of 319,332 shares of its Common Stock at a total cost of $ 54,267 ,000 pursuant to its previously announced stock purchase program, including $ 53,919 ,000 in cash purchases and accrued excise tax of $ 348 ,000 , which is included in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 30, 2023. The Company has 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized and unissued. (11) Commitments and Contingencies At December 30, 2023, in addition to the $ 77,054,000 letters of credit secured by investments, Landstar had $ 33,492,000 of letters of credit outstanding under the Company’s Credit Agreement. The Company is involved in certain claims and pending litigation arising from the normal conduct of business. Many of these claims are covered in whole or in part by insurance. Based on knowledge of the facts and, in certain cases, opinions of outside counsel, management believes that adequate provisions have been made for probable losses with respect to the resolution of all such claims and pending litigation and that the ultimate outcome, after provisions therefor, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company, but could have a material effect on the results of operations in a given quarter or year. (12) Segment Information Landstar markets its integrated transportation management solutions primarily through independent commission sales agents and exclusively utilizes third party capacity providers to transport customers’ freight. Landstar’s independent commission sales agents enter into contractual arrangements with the Company and are responsible for locating freight, making that freight available to Landstar’s capacity providers and coordinating the transportation of the freight with customers and capacity providers. The Company’s third party capacity providers consist of independent contractors who provide truck capacity to the Company under exclusive lease arrangements (the “BCO Independent Contractors”), unrelated trucking companies who provide truck capacity to the Company under non-exclusive contractual arrangements (the “Truck Brokerage Carriers”), air cargo carriers, ocean cargo carriers and railroads. Through this network of agents and capacity providers linked together by Landstar’s ecosystem of digital technologies, Landstar operates an integrated transportation management solutions business primarily throughout North America with revenue of $ 5.3 billion during the most recently completed fiscal year. The Company reports the results of two operating segments: the transportation logistics segment and the insurance segment. The transportation logistics segment provides a wide range of integrated transportation management solutions. Transportation services offered by the Company include truckload, less-than-truckload and other truck transportation, rail intermodal, air cargo, ocean cargo, expedited ground and air delivery of time-critical freight, heavy-haul/specialized, U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico cross-border, intra-Mexico, intra-Canada, project cargo and customs brokerage. Examples of the industries serviced by the transportation logistics segment include automotive parts and assemblies, consumer durables, building products, metals, chemicals, foodstuffs, heavy machinery, retail, electronics and military equipment. In addition, the transportation logistics segment provides transportation services 5 9 Table of Contents to other transportation companies, including third party logistics and less-than-truckload service providers. The independent commission sales agents market services provided by the transportation logistics segment. Billings for freight transportation services are typically charged to customers on a per shipment basis for the physical transportation of freight and are referred to as transportation revenue. The results of operations from Landstar Blue and Landstar Metro are presented as part of the Company’s transportation logistics segment. The insurance segment is comprised of Signature Insurance Company (“Signature”), a wholly owned offshore insurance subsidiary, and Risk Management Claim Services, Inc. The insurance segment provides risk and claims management services to certain of Landstar’s operating subsidiaries. In addition, it reinsures certain risks of the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors and provides certain property and casualty insurance directly to certain of Landstar’s operating subsidiaries. Revenue at the insurance segment represents reinsurance premiums from third party insurance companies that provide insurance programs to BCO Independent Contractors where all or a portion of the risk is ultimately borne by Signature. Internal revenue for premiums billed by the insurance segment to the transportation logistics segment is calculated each fiscal period based primarily on an actuarial calculation of historical loss experience and is believed to approximate the cost that would have been incurred by the transportation logistics segment had similar insurance been obtained from an unrelated third party. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company evaluates a segment’s performance based on operating income. No single customer accounted for more than 10 % of the Company’s consolidated revenue in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated in North America, primarily through customers located in the United States. The following tables summarize information about the Company’s reportable business segments as of and for the fiscal years ending December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021 (in thousands): Transportation Logistics Insurance Total 2023 External revenue $ 5,230,846 $ 72,476 $ 5,303,322 Internal revenue 67,977 67,977 Investment income 10,141 10,141 Interest and debt (income) expense ( 3,946 ) ( 3,946 ) Depreciation and amortization 58,153 58,153 Operating income 288,574 55,575 344,149 Expenditures on long-lived assets 25,688 25,688 Goodwill 42,275 42,275 Finance lease additions 4,093 4,093 Total assets 1,463,236 338,610 1,801,846 2022 External revenue $ 7,358,008 $ 78,554 $ 7,436,562 Internal revenue 79,229 79,229 Investment income 3,162 3,162 Interest and debt expense 3,620 3,620 Depreciation and amortization 57,453 57,453 Operating income 524,500 46,583 571,083 Expenditures on long-lived assets 26,005 26,005 Goodwill 41,220 41,220 Finance lease additions 30,659 30,659 Total assets 1,704,557 227,322 1,931,879 2021 External revenue $ 6,465,711 $ 71,857 $ 6,537,568 Internal revenue 62,558 62,558 Investment income 2,857 2,857 Interest and debt expense 3,976 3,976 Depreciation and amortization 49,609 49,609 Operating income 464,282 41,386 505,668 Expenditures on long-lived assets 23,261 23,261 Goodwill 40,768 40,768 Finance lease additions 48,674 48,674 Total assets 1,736,854 308,611 2,045,465 60 Table of Contents (13) Change in Accounting Estimate for Self-Insured Claims Landstar provides for the estimated costs of self-insured claims primarily on an actuarial basis. The amount recorded for the estimated liability for claims incurred is based upon the facts and circumstances known on the applicable balance sheet date. The ultimate resolution of these claims may be for an amount greater or less than the amount estimated by management. The Company continually revises its existing claim estimates as new or revised information becomes available on the status of each claim. Historically, the Company has experienced both favorable and unfavorable development of prior years’ claims estimates. The following table summarizes the adverse effect of the increase in the cost of insurance claims resulting from unfavorable development of prior year self-insured claims estimates on operating income, net income and earnings per share set forth in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Fiscal Years Ended December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 25, 2021 Operating income $ 6,058 $ 11,331 $ 9,708 Net income $ 4,598 $ 8,570 $ 7,359 Basic and diluted earnings per share $ 0.13 $ 0.23 $ 0.19 The unfavorable development of prior years’ claims in the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to several specific claims. The unfavorable development of prior years’ claims in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily attributable to several specific claims. The unfavorable development of prior years’ claims in the fiscal year ended December 25, 2021 was primarily attributable to five claims. (14) Equity investment On April 1, 2022, Landstar Investment Holdco, LLC, a newly formed Delaware LLC and wholly owned subsidiary of Landstar System Holdings, Inc., purchased Class A units of Cavnue, LLC, for approximately $ 4,999,000 in cash consideration. Cavnue, LLC is a privately held company focused on combining technology and road infrastructure to unlock the full potential of connected and autonomous vehicles. This non-controlling investment in units of Cavnue, LLC, is considered an investment in non-marketable equity securities without a readily determinable market value. The carrying value of our non-marketable equity securities going forward will be adjusted to fair value upon observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or impairment (referred to as the measurement alternative). (15) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which expands disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and requires more enhanced information about a reportable segment’s expenses, interim segment profit or loss, and how a public entity’s chief operating decision maker uses reported segment profit or loss information in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-07 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 61 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and Board of Directors Landstar System, Inc.: Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Landstar System, Inc. and subsidiary (the Company) as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended December 30, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended December 30, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 23, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Self-insurance claims liability As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the liability for insurance claims includes the actuarially determined estimated costs of cargo, property, casualty, general liability, and workers’ compensation claims, both reported and for claims incurred but not reported, up to the Company’s retained amount per claim, which is referred to as the self-insurance claims liability. The Company’s estimated costs of insurance claims include assumptions regarding the frequency and severity of claims and are based upon the facts and circumstances known as of the applicable balance sheet date. The Company’s liability for insurance claims as of December 30, 2023 was $100,747,000, which includes the self-insurance claims liability. 6 2 Table of Contents We identified the evaluation of the self-insurance claims liability as a critical audit matter. Specialized skills were needed to evaluate the Company’s estimate of the self-insurance claims liability. This evaluation included assumptions related to the potential for the development in future periods of claims both reported and incurred but not reported as of the balance sheet date and the impact of those developments on the estimated liability associated with such claims. In addition, a higher degree of subjective auditor judgment was required to evaluate the Company’s estimate of the self-insurance claims liability due to the inherent uncertainty in the frequency and severity of claims. The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s self-insurance claims process, including a control related to the development of the assumptions used to estimate the self-insurance claims liability. We involved actuarial professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in assessing the actuarial model used by the Company, including the external actuarial report obtained by the Company, to estimate the self-insurance claims liability for consistency with generally accepted actuarial standards. The actuarial professionals also developed an estimate of the range of the self-insurance claims liability using the Company’s historical claims data. We compared the estimated range of the self-insurance claims liability to the amount recorded by the Company. We tested a sample of the claims data used in the actuarial model by comparing the data to underlying claims details. For certain claims, we obtained letters received directly from the Company’s external legal counsel to evaluate the liability recorded. Additionally, we assessed the development of the self-insurance claims liability in the current year compared to recent historical trends and considered the implications on the current year assumptions. We also assessed facts and circumstances received by the Company after the balance sheet date, but before the consolidated financial statements were issued, and the impact, if any, of such facts and circumstances on the self-insurance claims liability. /s/ KPMG LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1988. Jacksonville, Florida February 23, 2024 63 Table of Contents Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None.