Interlink Electronics, Inc.
−Removed: (“we”, “us”, “our”, “Interlink” or the “Company”) is a global sensor and printed electronics company operating in two principal sensor technology divisions:
−Removed: force/touch sensors, and gas and environmental sensors.
−Removed: Our force/touch sensors, including our Force-Sensing Resistor (“FSR ® ”) technology and related technologies, and our membrane keypads, graphic overlays and printed electronics, are used extensively in Human-Machine Interface (“HMI”) devices.
−Removed: Our gas and environmental sensors and instruments are used in environmental and air quality monitoring across a broad range of applications.
+Added: (“we”, “us”, “our”, “Interlink” or the “Company”) is a leading provider of sensors and printed electronics used extensively in Human-Machine Interface (“HMI”) devices and Internet-of-Things (“IoT”) solutions.
+Added: Our broad product and technology portfolio encompasses force, piezo-electric, rugged HMI, wearable sensors for textiles and fabrics, gas sensors, instruments, and systems.
+Added: Our blue-chip customers trust our products and solutions which span various markets, including industrial, medical, automotive, consumer, wearables, and IoT.
+Added: Our technical and engineering expertise in materials science, manufacturing, embedded electronics, firmware, and software enables us to create and deliver high-quality, cost-effective custom solutions tailored to our customers’ unique requirements.
+Added: Our force-sensing products and solutions include sensor components, subassemblies, modules and products that support effective, efficient cursor control and novel three-dimensional user inputs.
+Added: Our membrane keypads, graphic overlays, printed electronics and industrial label products are applicable for use in a wide range of fields, from industrial automation, process control and monitoring to medical and diagnostic devices and defense systems.
+Added: Our innovative conductive transfer technology enables the integration of electronics and sensors into fabrics and textiles enabling smart fabric and textile applications in the wearables, consumer, medical and automotive markets.
+Added: Our electrochemical gas-sensing technology instruments, products and solutions are deployed in industry, community, health and home settings, with uses in fields such as carbon monoxide and ozone detection and air quality monitoring.
Force/Touch Sensors .
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The application of our HMI technology platforms includes vehicle entry, vehicle multi-media control interface, rugged touch controls, presence detection, collision detection, speed and torque controls, pressure mapping, biological monitoring and others.
−Removed: Additionally, through our acquisition of Calman Technology Limited in March 2023, we offer customized membrane keypads, graphic overlays, printed electronics and industrial label products for use in a wide range of fields, from industrial instrumentation, process control and monitoring to medical and diagnostic devices and defense systems.
−Removed: With over 25 years as a leading HMI provider, Calman Technology has developed to also become a specialized provider of printed electronics for the medical sector in the UK and Europe.
−Removed: Interlink has been a leader in the printed electronics industry for nearly 40 years with the commercialization of our patented FSR ® technology that has enabled rugged and reliable HMI solutions.
+Added: Through our 2023 acquisition of Calman Technology Limited (“Calman”), which brought us over 25 years of HMI design and manufacturing expertise as a leading provider of specialized printed electronics, we offer customized membrane keypads, graphic overlays, printed electronics and industrial label products for use in a wide range of fields, from industrial instrumentation, process control and monitoring to medical and diagnostic devices and defense systems.
+Added: Additionally, through our 2024 acquisition of the assets of Conductive Transfers Limited and Global Print Solutions Limited (jointly, “Conductive Transfers” or “CT”), which deepened our innovative patentened processes for integration of printed electronic technologies, we offer functional e-textiles and wearable technology, including heated clothing and personal protection equipment, and other products in development for medical and automotive environments and other wearable form-factors.
+Added: Interlink has been a leader in the printed electronics industry for over 40 years with the commercialization of our patented FSR ® technology that has enabled rugged and reliable HMI solutions.
Our applications and solutions have focused on handheld user input, menu navigation, cursor control, and other intuitive interface technologies for the world’s top electronics manufacturers.
We invented FSR ® technology and pioneered commercialization of printed electronics manufacturing, paving the way for industry-wide adoption of force-sensing technology.
−Removed: Our extensive knowledge and experience with this technology, along with the firmware we incorporate in our HMI solutions, differentiates us from other providers of HMI solutions.
+Added: Our extensive knowledge and experience with this technology, along with the firmware we incorporate in our HMI solutions, we believe differentiates us from other providers of HMI solutions.
We, along with our customers, incorporate our FSR ® and force-sensing sensors and modules into end-user products.
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Our force-sensing technology solution platforms enable industry-first implementations in gaming, smartphone, rugged notebook, automotive cockpit and automotive entry applications.
−Removed: Consumer and end-user demand for enhanced user experience is driving the need for innovative multi-modal HMI technologies and applications.
−Removed: Force-sensing input provides a critical novel modality that drives a paradigm shift in HMI.
The market is increasingly requiring innovative solutions that enable smaller, thinner devices, lower power consumption, highly refined designs, better navigation and more intuitive usability in all environments, and the need for these solutions is driving increased demand for our products.
−Removed: High-tech products are moving towards the use of multi-modal HMI in the home, industrial, medical and automotive spaces.
−Removed: Interlink delivers cutting-edge, high-performance HMI solutions for customers who wish to replace outdated switches and knobs in these environments.
−Removed: Significant market opportunities are rapidly emerging for us to improve upon the functionality of standard capacitive sensors which are widely available and competitively priced.
+Added: High-tech products are moving towards the use of multi-modal HMI in the home, industrial, medical and automotive spaces in response to consumer and end-user demand for enhanced user experience.
+Added: Force-sensing input provides a critical novel modality that drives a paradigm shift in HMI, and Interlink delivers cutting-edge, high-performance HMI solutions for customers who wish to replace outdated switches and knobs in these environments.
+Added: Significant market opportunities are rapidly emerging for us to improve upon the functionality of standard capacitive sensors.
Inadvertent activation, where users unintentionally activate a control, is a common problem with capacitive technology.
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At the same time, we continue to expand our standard product portfolio and develop new technology platforms to grow existing markets and capture emerging markets.
−Removed: We have recently added a range of standard piezoelectric sensor products which are used as dynamic strain gauges and vibration sensors.
+Added: We added a range of standard piezoelectric sensor products which are used as dynamic strain gauges and vibration sensors.
These sensors are thin, flexible and light-weight while also being extremely rugged and durable.
We possess deep domain knowledge about how to integrate these into custom applications and have developed machine learning and artificial intelligence to make information-rich data available to our customers for their unique and innovative applications.
−Removed: Our piezoelectric sensor solutions
−Removed: can be used in force-sensing, impact and vibration detection, contact microphones, air/liquid flow detection, ultrasonic transducers and many other settings.
+Added: Our piezoelectric sensor solutions can be used in force-sensing, impact and vibration detection, contact microphones, air/liquid flow detection, ultrasonic transducers and many other settings.
They have applications in medical vital sign monitoring, industrial solid-state switches, structural health and condition monitoring, touch and tactile sensing and motion sensing amongst others.
−Removed: This portfolio expansion will incorporate other complimentary sensing technologies and will allow us to use our expertise in integrating multiple sensing technologies for applications in the rapidly growing Internet-of-Things (“IoT”).
−Removed: We have already begun integrating our force sensing technology into our recently acquired membrane keypad product line to create unique solutions not offered by others in this market.
+Added: We believe this portfolio expansion will incorporate other complementary sensing technologies and will allow us to use our expertise in integrating multiple sensing technologies for applications in the rapidly growing IoT market.
+Added: We have already begun integrating our force sensing technology into our recently acquired Calman membrane keypad product line to create unique solutions not offered by others in this market.
Gas and Environmental Sensors.
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Additionally, we offer our own line of full-function instruments, including, for example, Eco Sensors™ ozone monitors;
−Removed: an inline monitor for carbon monoxide and other gases;
+Added: a family of inline monitors for carbon monoxide and other gases;
a low-pressure alarm to notify users when tanks for life-critical gases such as oxygen and nitrogen need to be replenished;
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● In-House R&D .
−Removed: We have been successful in obtaining Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) grants from government agencies such as the NIH, the USDA, the NSF and the EPA that have enabled us to conduct research and development and develop new products.
+Added: We have been successful in obtaining Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) grants from government agencies such as the NIST, NASA, the NIH, the USDA, the NSF, the EPA, and others, that have enabled us to conduct research and development and develop new products.
For example, SPEC’s Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensor technology was developed in part under NSF Phase I, II and IIB grants.
−Removed: Recent SBIR-funded projects include wildfire air pollution monitoring and firefighter safety devices, transdermal blood alcohol monitors, a simple lead test for drinking water safety, and a grant to enable large-scale, mass-manufacturing of printed electrochemical gas sensors.
−Removed: Our team of in-house scientists has an established track record in winning awards for this advanced research and we continue to submit proposals for funding for strategically relevant research projects that we could commercialize in the future.
+Added: Recent SBIR-funded projects include wildfire air pollution monitoring and firefighter safety devices, transdermal blood alcohol monitors, a simple lead test for drinking water safety, a grant to enable large-scale, mass-manufacturing of printed electrochemical gas sensors, and an intelligent AI-based sensing approach for monitoring plant health in greenhouses or traditional agricultural fields.
+Added: We have an established track record in winning awards for this advanced research and we continue to submit proposals for funding for strategically relevant research projects that we could commercialize in the future.
The market for gas and environmental sensors is growing rapidly, driven by demand in a broad range of industries and the availability of smaller, lower-cost, connected sensors.
−Removed: On a worldwide basis, green initiatives and accompanying government mandates are driving demand for facilities monitoring.
+Added: On a worldwide basis, green initiatives and accompanying government mandates are
+Added: driving demand for facilities monitoring.
Similarly, environmental regulations increasingly target fugitive gas emissions in the oil and gas (energy) space, where monitoring has become mandatory.
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The growth of the hydrogen economy is expected to create a large need for hydrogen sensors that are low-cost, low-power and widely distributed, and our hydrogen sensor solutions are ideally suited to exploit this growing market.
−Removed: New applications in breath analysis and transdermal detection are also expected to create new opportunities in medical, law enforcement, commercial and consumer markets.
+Added: New applications in breath analysis, odorant gas leakage detection in natural gas distribution pipelines, transdermal detection, substance abuse detection and enforcement are also expected to create new opportunities in medical, law enforcement, commercial and consumer markets.
Traditional safety and environmental monitoring markets are expected to grow with the reduction in size and cost of sensors and instruments, leading to larger networks of gas sensors that will improve the safety and performance of infrastructure.
We believe we are positioned to take advantage of these trends with our proprietary, low-cost, low-power gas- and environmental-sensing technologies and deep domain expertise in instrument design and implementation.
−Removed: We serve our world-wide customer base from our corporate headquarters in Irvine, California, from our facility in Camarillo, California, and from our facility in Newark, California (Silicon Valley area).
−Removed: We have established a Global Product
−Removed: Development and Materials Science Center in our Camarillo footprint that has a state-of-the-art printed electronics development laboratory as well as a materials science lab.
+Added: We serve our world-wide customer base from our corporate headquarters in Fremont, California (Silicon Valley area).
+Added: We have established a Global Product Development and Materials Science Center in our Camarillo, California footprint that has a state-of-the-art printed electronics development laboratory as well as a materials science lab.
Our force-sensing/HMI engineering team is based in this center where we work with our U.S.
and global customers on developing, engineering, prototyping and implementing our advanced HMI and sensing solutions.
−Removed: The gas and environmental technology engineering team is located at the Newark facility.
+Added: The gas and environmental technology engineering team is located at the Fremont facility.
We also maintain a focused, embedded software and IoT application development center in Singapore.
−Removed: We manufacture all of our force-sensing/HMI products in our printed electronics manufacturing facility in Shenzhen, China, and at the Calman facility in Irvine, Scotland, and all of our gas and environmental sensing products in our production facility in Newark, California.
−Removed: In addition, we maintain a global distribution and logistics center in Hong Kong, a technical sales office in Japan, and several manufacturer representatives and distributors in strategic locations in our key markets, all of which allows us to support our global customer base.
+Added: We manufacture our force-sensing/HMI products in our printed electronics manufacturing facility in Shenzhen, China, at the Calman facility in Irvine, Scotland, and at the Conductive Transfers facility in Barnsley, England, and we manufacture our gas and environmental sensing products in our production facility in Fremont, California.
+Added: In addition, we maintain a global distribution and logistics center in Hong Kong, a technical sales office in Japan, administrative and executive offices in Irvine, California and Bellevue, Washington, and several manufacturer representatives and distributors in strategic locations in our key markets, all of which allows us to support our global customer base.
We were incorporated in California in 1985.
In 1996, we re-incorporated into a Delaware corporation and, in 2012, we again changed our domicile from Delaware to Nevada by completing a merger with a newly formed Nevada corporation named Interlink Electronics, Inc.
−Removed: Our principal executive office is located at 15707 Rockfield Boulevard, Suite 105, Irvine, California 92618 and our telephone number is (805) 484-8855.
+Added: Our principal executive office is located at 48389 Fremont Boulevard, Suite 110, Fremont, California 94538 and our telephone number is (510) 244-0424.
Our website address is www.interlinkelectronics.com.
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Printed electronics is an additive manufacturing technology used to create electrical devices on various substrates.
−Removed: For nearly 40 years, we have honed and developed the processes necessary to manufacture high quality printed electronic products for HMI applications.
+Added: For over 40 years, we have honed and developed the processes necessary to manufacture high quality printed electronic products for HMI applications.
Printed electronic technologies are emerging as potential low-cost replacements to silicon-based electronics in many specific application areas.
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Oliver Johnson, the father of KWJ’s namesake Ken Johnson.
−Removed: Johnson also started what
−Removed: is widely recognized as the first electronics company in Silicon Valley to commercialize the technology, J-W Instruments.
+Added: Johnson also started what is widely recognized as the first electronics company in Silicon Valley to commercialize the technology, J-W Instruments.
The market has consistently demanded innovations to make gas sensors smaller and more portable, and KWJ, SPEC and their predecessors have been on the forefront;
−Removed: for example, KWJ’s SPARROW™ stands out in today’s marketplace as the world’s smallest Bluetooth low energy (“BLE”)-enabled carbon monoxide monitor.
−Removed: Similarly, Dr.
−Removed: Joseph Stetter, the inventor of SPEC’s Screen Printed Electrochemical Sensor technology, was one of the first to design and build commercial electrochemical gas sensors, and today SPEC delivers one of the smallest electrochemical gas sensors on the market.
+Added: for example, KWJ’s SPARROW™ stands out in today’s marketplace as one of the world’s smallest Bluetooth low energy (“BLE”)-enabled carbon monoxide monitors.
+Added: SPEC’s Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensor technology was one of the first commercial electrochemical gas sensors, and today SPEC delivers one of the smallest electrochemical gas sensors on the market.
The gas-detection industry has traditionally revolved around safety applications in hazardous environments, from oil and gas facilities to coal mines and other confined spaces where toxic and combustible gases could cause catastrophic losses.
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Our primary objective is to be the global leader and provider of multi-sensing based HMI technology and gas-sensing solutions for the consumer electronics, automotive, industrial automation, medical, and environmental monitoring markets.
−Removed: We also intend to utilize our role as a disruptive technology provider to bring our HMI and gas-sensing solutions to new markets.
+Added: We also intend to utilize our role as an innovative technology provider to bring our HMI and gas-sensing solutions to new markets.
To achieve our strategy, we intend to:
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We work with some of the world’s largest companies and most recognizable brands and provide second and third generation turn-key solutions to meet their technology needs.
−Removed: We will continue to develop these existing relationships by working closely with our customers to understand how we can support their product and technology strategies and continue to be a trusted advisor.
+Added: continue to develop these existing relationships by working closely with our customers to understand how we can support their product and technology strategies and continue to be a trusted advisor.
● Pursue a multi-technology roadmap .
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Our product development teams are skilled in concept definition, rapid prototyping, hardware and firmware development and integration support.
−Removed: Interlink benefits from its own world-class manufacturing facilities in Shenzhen, China, and Irvine, Scotland, and its advanced and proprietary gas and environmental sensors production and development facility in Silicon Valley, allowing us to react quickly to customer needs while ensuring the highest quality standards.
+Added: Interlink benefits from its own world-class manufacturing facilities in Shenzhen, China;
+Added: Irvine, Scotland;
+Added: and Barnsley, England, and its advanced and proprietary gas and environmental sensors production and development facility in Silicon Valley, allowing us to react quickly to customer needs while ensuring the highest quality standards.
We also maintain a technical sales force that can address new and existing customer opportunities worldwide.
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As we transition from an FSR ® sensor supplier to an HMI solutions provider, we are pursuing and embracing leading edge force-sensing and related technology platforms.
−Removed: Our materials science and engineering team in Camarillo, California, led by our VP of Engineering & Advanced Materials, and our embedded software engineering team located in Singapore, are focused on strategic technology roadmaps, development of scalable technology platform architectures and pursuit of synergistic technology partnerships.
+Added: Our materials science and engineering team in Camarillo, California, and our embedded software engineering team located in Singapore are focused on strategic technology roadmaps, development of scalable technology platform architectures and pursuit of synergistic technology partnerships.
In an ever-changing and competitive landscape, we are committed to staying ahead of the technology curve.
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The sensors are unique in that they can also be operated in reverse whereby applying an electrical charge to the sensor can cause it to bend or deform.
−Removed: This deformation can be used to create polymeric actuators for haptic applications.
+Added: This deformation can be used to create
+Added: polymeric actuators for haptic applications.
Finally, these sensors can also generate an electrical charge when exposed to a temperature change.
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We are now also using machine learning and artificial intelligence to further enhance the user experience and provide compelling solutions for our customers.
−Removed: The acquisition of Calman Technology has given us a manufacturing capability close to the UK and European markets, providing custom solutions in a broad range of sectors, including the medical and diagnostic sensor marketplace.
−Removed: The integration of our force-
−Removed: sensing technology into this capability is already underway and offers significant improvement in the design options available to our customers.
+Added: The acquisitions of Calman and Conductive Transfers have given us manufacturing capabilities in the UK market and close to the European market, providing custom solutions in a broad range of sectors, including the medical and diagnostic sensor marketplace.
+Added: The integration of our force-sensing technology into these capabilities is already underway and offers significant improvement in the design options available to our customers.
Our solutions fall into two categories, custom and standard:
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● After initial product development activity in the area of piezoelectric film sensors consisting of a highly successful custom implementation in automotive applications, we now have a set of standard piezo sensors as well as a development kit available for our customers to evaluate and test the capabilities and potential of this sensor solution.
−Removed: These sensors are polymeric piezoelectric sensors with a wide range of applications and uses such as dynamic strain gauges, impact/force sensors, vital signs sensors, motion sensors, vibration sensors, accelerometers, and solid-state rugged switches .
+Added: These sensors are polymeric piezoelectric sensors with a wide range of applications and uses such as dynamic strain
+Added: gauges, impact/force sensors, vital signs sensors, motion sensors, vibration sensors, accelerometers, and solid-state rugged switches .
Many of these diverse application modes require extensive domain knowledge for successful integration.
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Through our acquisitions of SPEC and KWJ, we combine a long history and deep domain knowledge with cutting-edge sensor technology and advanced instrumentation to make reliable products that also enable new applications for wireless and wearable gas sensing.
−Removed: Our engineering team includes five PhDs in a broad range of disciplines from chemical engineering to electrical engineering and physics.
−Removed: We design and build all of our sensors and instruments in-house in Newark, California, and our capabilities include proprietary high-volume electrochemical sensor manufacturing, device assembly and calibration, and advanced test and measurement capabilities.
+Added: Our engineering team includes PhDs in a broad range of disciplines from chemical engineering to electrical engineering and physics.
+Added: We design and build all of our gas sensors and instruments in-house in Fremont, California, and our capabilities include proprietary high-volume electrochemical sensor manufacturing, device assembly and calibration, and advanced test and measurement capabilities.
We partner with leading institutions such as Georgia Institute of Technology and San Jose State University to develop novel technologies under government grants, while also performing new product development and engineering services for private partners that include companies ranging in size from startups to Fortune 500 companies.
Gas and environmental sensor technologies are diverse and fragmented with devices and sensors focused on specific solutions and applications.
−Removed: Electrochemical gas sensors are typically more sensitive and selective to particular gases and are inherently low power to operate.
−Removed: They are also typically very large, expensive and prone to short lifespans in the field.
+Added: Electrochemical gas sensors are typically more sensitive and selective to particular gases and are inherently low power to operate, but they are also typically very large, expensive and prone to short lifespans in the field.
SPEC was created to address the growing market demand for smaller, lower cost, high performance electrochemical sensors for wireless, wearable and IoT applications, and we now combine proven electrochemical sensor technology with new materials and manufacturing methods to produce some of the smallest, thinnest, lowest cost gas sensors still capable of performing in demanding applications.
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Ozone is commonly used in a wide variety of commercial applications to clean, disinfect and remediate odors without the use of environmentally harmful chemicals;
−Removed: Ozone is a powerful oxidant that can be produced on site and dissipates into oxygen after reaction or its end of half-life.
+Added: it is a powerful oxidant that can be produced on site and dissipates into oxygen after reaction or its end of half-life.
However, ozone is toxic to humans and can destroy materials at higher concentrations and therefore needs to be monitored during use for safety and process control.
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We maintain and support an active program to protect our intellectual property primarily through the filing of patent applications and the defense of issued patents against infringement.
−Removed: We are not currently engaged in any patent infringement suits.
+Added: We are not currently engaged in any patent
+Added: infringement suits.
We implement a ring-fencing strategy of patenting core technology platforms related to sensors, sensing systems and HMI devices.
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Our FSR ® sensors are manufactured using proprietary screen-printing techniques.
−Removed: All proprietary aspects of our force-sensing technology manufacturing process are currently conducted in-house at our U.S., China and Scotland manufacturing facilities to maintain quality and protect our technology from infringement.
+Added: All proprietary aspects of our force-sensing technology manufacturing process are currently conducted in-house at our U.S., China and United Kingdom manufacturing facilities to maintain quality and protect our technology from infringement.
While screen-printing is a common process in various industries, the quality and precision of printing, as well as the specific processes required to make high-quality FSR ® sensors, require considerable domain knowledge expertise and knowhow.
−Removed: We believe this expertise is difficult to replicate over the short term and, to our
−Removed: knowledge, no unrelated party has done so.
+Added: We believe this expertise is difficult to replicate over the short term and, to our knowledge, no unrelated party has done so.
As a result, we consider this expertise to be one of our more important trade secrets.
We require our employees to sign nondisclosure agreements and seek to limit access to sensitive information to the greatest practical extent.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2023, we held twenty-four (24) patents and had fourteen (14) patents pending.
−Removed: We group our patents into three general categories:
−Removed: sensors, which includes eight (8) patents expiring between 2024 and 2032;
−Removed: sensing systems, which includes five (5) patents expiring between 2029 and 2038;
−Removed: and HMI devices, which includes eleven (11) patents expiring between 2024 and 2036.
−Removed: Our intellectual property strategy involves filing patent applications in our strategic focus markets on a regular basis.
−Removed: We have also strengthened our patent portfolio to align with rapidly emerging market opportunities in IoT and smart surfaces.
−Removed: For example, our sensor fusion platform enables the capture of multi-sensing data, and using it in combination with haptics and wireless technology to transmit the data enables unique and innovative sensor applications.
−Removed: This will be further enabled by emerging advances in ultra-low-power wireless technologies including WiFi, BLE, LoRaWAN ® , as well as cellular technologies such as LTE-M and NB-IoT.
+Added: As of December 31, 2024, we held thirty (30) patents and had fifteen (15) patents pending.
+Added: We group our patents into four (4) general categories:
+Added: technology, sensors, sensing systems and HMI devices.
+Added: The technology category includes IP we recently added through our acquisition of Conductive Transfers and incorporates four (4) issued patents expiring between 2036 and 2041 and three (3) pending patents.
+Added: The sensors category includes ten (10) patents expiring between 2029 and 2038.
+Added: The sensing systems category includes five (5) patents expiring between 2029 and 2038 and the HMI devices category includes eleven (11) patents expiring between 2024 and 2036.
+Added: Our intellectual property strategy involves filing patent applications related to our strategic focus markets on a regular basis.
+Added: We continue to strengthen our patent portfolio to align with our expanding product offerings and recently with our addition of technology that enables smart textiles and fabrics incorporating sensors and sensor systems.
+Added: These new wearable technologies allow us to leverage our existing IP portfolio, including our sensor fusion platform which enables the capture of multi-sensing data, and use it in innovative sensor applications in the wearable space.
The markets for our products, both in force/touch-sensing and gas/environmental-sensing, are highly competitive and subject to rapid advancement in design technology.
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In force/touch-sensing, we offer a disruptive technology that is replacing outdated and increasingly unpopular approaches including switch technology.
−Removed: We often must convince companies to abandon older, proven but less elegant technologies and adopt our solutions.
−Removed: This change is supported by significant end-user demand for touch-sensitive solutions.
+Added: We often must convince companies to abandon older, proven but less elegant technologies and adopt our solutions, which we do in part by emphasizing significant end-user demand for touch-sensitive solutions.
We also compete against the highly commoditized capacitive sensing technology.
−Removed: However, our solutions are focused on providing functionality in situations where capacitive is not the appropriate solution, is unreliable or entirely unavailable.
+Added: However, our solutions are focused on providing functionality in situations where capacitive is not the appropriate solution or is unreliable or entirely unavailable.
Our hybrid sensor fusion solutions better address our customers’ unique sensing and HMI challenges.
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We are also able to rapidly customize our sensors to meet the specific detection needs of our OEM customers, giving us an advantage in new and difficult applications and providing a better solution overall.
−Removed: We also combine our sensors with custom electronics, calibration and compensation techniques to enhance performance and provide plug-and-play solutions that reduce the customer’s need to invest in calibration infrastructure.
+Added: We also combine our sensors with custom electronics, calibration and
+Added: compensation techniques to enhance performance and provide plug-and-play solutions that reduce the customer’s need to invest in calibration infrastructure.
We maintain a market advantage in ozone sensing through our deep industry knowledge and advanced calibration and compensation techniques.
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We conduct our sales activities from the U.S., Japan, China, and the United Kingdom.
−Removed: We use worldwide distributors, primarily Digi-Key Electronics, for full-service distribution of our
−Removed: standard products, and we have representative companies located in key markets so we can provide local support to strategic customers in these regions.
+Added: We use worldwide distributors, primarily Digi-Key Electronics, for full-service distribution of our standard products, and we have representative companies located in key markets so we can provide local support to strategic customers in these regions.
Due to the technical nature of our products, the length of our sales cycle can vary from a few months to several years, which requires continued participation from our sales, engineering and management teams.
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● Once the customer has chosen our solution, they may move their product into the production phase.
−Removed: It may take several months or more to go from design win to production.
+Added: It may take several months or more to progress from design win to production.
Product lifespan varies dramatically depending on the marketplace and product.
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They encompass large multinational organizations as well as start-ups, design houses, original design manufacturers, OEMs and universities.
−Removed: We supply some of the world’s largest consumer electronics manufacturers, luxury and mid-market car companies, familiar names in the medical and industrial equipment markets, research engineers and designers entering the IoT market, and companies of all different sizes in other markets.
+Added: We supply some of the world’s largest consumer
+Added: electronics manufacturers, luxury and mid-market car companies, familiar names in the medical and industrial equipment markets, research engineers and designers entering the IoT market, and companies of all different sizes in other markets.
Our customers generally do not provide us with firm, long-term volume purchase commitments, opting instead to issue purchase orders that they can cancel, reduce, or delay at any time.
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Our customer base is widely dispersed geographically.
−Removed: Sales to customers located outside the United States have historically accounted for a significant percentage of our revenues, and we expect this to continue.
−Removed: International sales constituted 52% and 55% of our net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, with sales in 2023 to customers in Japan and China each representing 11% of net revenues, compared to representing 24% and 15%, respectively, in 2022.
−Removed: For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had three customers that each represented over 10% of our net revenues, compared to two in 2022.
+Added: Sales to customers located outside the United States have historically accounted for a significant percentage of our revenue, and we expect this to continue.
+Added: International sales constituted 56% and 52% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with sales in 2024 to customers in Japan and China representing 11% and 7%, respectively, compared to each representing 11% in 2023.
+Added: For the year ended December 31, 2024, we had two customers that each represented over 10% of our revenue, compared to three in 2023.
Future sales of our products will be based on, among other factors, expansion into adjacent markets, continued expansion of our product line, the acceptance of our product line, expansion into additional domestic and international markets, and our ability to maintain a competitive position against other technology providers.
Manufacturing Operations and Principal Suppliers
−Removed: We have our own modern manufacturing facility of approximately 14,476 square feet in Shenzhen, China that is ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 13485 certified.
+Added: We have our own modern manufacturing facility of 21,763 square feet in Shenzhen, China that is ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 13485 certified.
We plan to start the process of acquiring IATF 16949 certification as our automotive customer base expands.
−Removed: We also conduct manufacturing operations in our approximately 10,635 square-foot production facility in Newark, California and our approximately 9,800 square-foot manufacturing facility in Irvine, Scotland.
−Removed: We work hard to meet current environmental and sustainability standards required by our customers and legislation in various geographic markets.
+Added: We also conduct manufacturing operations in our 5,183 square-foot production facility in Fremont, California, our 9,800 square-foot manufacturing facility in Irvine, Scotland, and our 10,786 square-foot manufacturing facility in Barnsley, England.
+Added: We aim to meet current environmental and sustainability standards required by our customers and legislation in various geographic markets.
All products are RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) and REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) compliant.
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We believe that our future success will depend largely on our ability to continue improving our products and our process technologies, and to develop or acquire new technologies.
−Removed: We operate our Global Product Development and Materials Science Center in Camarillo, California, where our VP of Engineering & Advanced Materials is located, along with other current and future resources.
+Added: We operate our Global Product Development and Materials Science Center in Camarillo, California.
At this location, we focus on new product development including, among other areas, materials science and printed electronics.
We maintain a core embedded software engineering team in Singapore.
−Removed: We also operate an engineering center in our facility in Shenzhen, China, which is focused on sustaining engineering, customer support, quality control and new product introduction in our force-sensing/HMI business, and an engineering and R&D facility in Newark, California, focused on new product development, SBIR-funded research and quality control in our gas and environmental sensors business.
+Added: We also operate an engineering center in our facility in Shenzhen, China, which is focused on sustaining engineering, customer support, quality control and new product introduction in our force-sensing/HMI business, and an engineering and R&D facility in Fremont, California, focused on new product development, SBIR-funded research and quality control in our gas and environmental sensors business.
The worldwide R&D team pursues scientific research, technology platform development and advanced product development in areas of materials science, printed electronics devices, gas and environmental sensors, and manufacturing processes, and multi-disciplinary system engineering.
9 unchanged sentences
Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.