Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes and the information contained in other sections of this Form 10-Q. It contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, and is based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by our management in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in this Form 10-Q and in our Registration Statement on Form S-1, particularly under the heading “Risk Factors.”
Overview
Legacy Housing Corporation builds, sells and finances manufactured homes and “tiny houses” that are distributed through a network of independent retailers and company-owned stores to consumers and manufactured housing communities. We are the fifth largest producer of manufactured homes in the United States as ranked by the number of homes manufactured based on information available from the Manufactured Housing Institute and the Institute for Building Technology and Safety for the twelve month period ending December 31, 2022. With current operations focused primarily in the southern United States, we offer our customers an array of quality homes ranging in size from approximately 395 to 2,667 square feet consisting of 1 to 5 bedrooms, with 1 to 3 1/2 bathrooms. Our homes range in price, at retail, from approximately $33,000 to $180,000. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold 810 home sections (which are entire homes or single floors that are combined to create complete homes) and for the three months ended March 31, 2022, we sold 1,004 home sections.
The Company has one reportable segment. All of our activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each of the activities of Company supports the others. For example, the sale of manufactured homes includes providing transportation and consignment arrangements with dealers. We also provide financing options to the customers to facilitate the sale of homes. In addition, the sale of homes is directly related to financing provided by us. Accordingly, all significant operating and strategic decisions by the chief operating decision-maker, the Executive Chairman of the Board, are based upon analyses of our company as one segment or unit.
We believe our company is one of the most vertically integrated in the manufactured housing industry, allowing us to offer a complete solution to our customers, from manufacturing custom-made homes using quality materials and distributing those homes through our expansive network of independent retailers and company-owned distribution locations, to providing tailored financing solutions for our customers. Our homes are constructed in the United States at one of our three manufacturing facilities in accordance with the construction and safety standards of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”). Our factories employ high-volume production techniques that allow us to produce, on average, approximately 70 home sections, or 60 fully-completed homes depending on product mix, per week. We use quality materials and operate our own component manufacturing facilities for many of the items used in the construction of our homes. Each home can be configured according to a variety of floor plans and equipped with such features as fireplaces, central air conditioning and state-of-the-art kitchens.
Our homes are marketed under our premier “Legacy” brand name and currently are sold primarily across 15 states through a network of 156 independent retail locations, 13 company-owned retail locations and through direct sales to owners of manufactured home communities. Our 13 company-owned retail locations, including 11 Heritage Housing stores and two Tiny House Outlet stores exclusively sell our homes. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, approximately 38% of our manufactured homes were sold in Texas, followed by 19% in Georgia, 8% in Louisiana, 7% in Florida, and 4% in Alabama. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, approximately 49% of our manufactured homes were sold in Texas, followed by 11% in Georgia, 8% in Florida, 7% in Louisiana and 5% in Arizona.
We offer three types of financing solutions to our customers. We provide floor plan financing for our independent retailers, which takes the form of a consignment arrangement or a financed sale between the retailer and us. We also provide consumer financing for our products which are sold to end-users through both independent and company-owned retail locations, and we provide financing solutions to manufactured housing community owners that buy our products for use in their manufactured housing communities. Our ability to offer competitive financing options at our retail locations provides us with several competitive advantages and allows us to capture sales which may not have otherwise occurred without our ability to offer consumer financing.
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Factors Affecting Our Performance
We believe that the growth of our business and our future success depend on various opportunities, challenges, trends and other factors, including the following:
● We have purchased several properties in our market area for the purpose of developing manufactured housing communities and subdivisions. As of March 31, 2023, the cost of these properties include the following (dollars in thousands):
Location
Description
Date of Acquisition
Land
Improvements
Total
Bastrop County, Texas
368 Acres
April 2018
$
4,215
$
3,424
$
7,639
Bexar County, Texas
69 Acres
November 2018
842
107
949
Horseshoe Bay, Texas
133 Acres
Various 2018-2019
2,639
1,761
4,400
Johnson County, Texas
91.5 Acres
July 2019
449
-
449
Venus, Texas
50 Acres
August 2019
422
25
447
Wise County, Texas
81.5 Acres
September 2020
889
-
889
Bexar County, Texas
233 Acres
February 2021
1,550
382
1,932
$
11,006
$
5,699
$
16,705
● We also expect to provide financing solutions to a select group of our manufactured housing community-owner customers in a manner that includes developing new sites for products in or near urban locations where there is a shortage of sites to place our products. These solutions will be structured to give us an attractive return on investment when coupled with the gross margin we expect to make on products specifically targeted for sale to these new manufactured housing communities .
● Finally, our financial performance will be impacted by our ability to fulfill current orders for our manufactured homes from dealers and customers. Currently, our two Texas manufacturing facilities are operating at or near peak capacity, with limited ability to increase the volume of homes produced at those plants. Our Georgia manufacturing facility has unutilized square footage available and with additional investment can add capacity to increase the number of homes that can be manufactured. We intend to increase production at the Georgia facility over time, particularly in response to orders increasingly being generated from new markets in Florida and the Carolinas. In order to maintain our growth, we must be able to continue to properly estimate anticipated future volumes when making commitments regarding the level of business that we will seek and accept, the mix of products that we intend to manufacture, the timing of production schedules and the levels and utilization of inventory, equipment and personnel. We are actively reviewing organic and inorganic opportunities to add production capacity in attractive regions to meet future demand.
Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information set forth in the financial statements and the accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.
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Comparison of Three Months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands)
Three months ended
March 31,
2023
2022
$ change
% change
Net revenue:
Product sales
$
43,318
$
51,787
$
(8,469)
(16.4)
%
Consumer and MHP loans interest
7,705
6,765
940
13.9
%
Other
1,834
1,376
458
33.3
%
Total net revenue
52,857
59,928
(7,071)
(11.8)
%
Operating expenses:
Cost of product sales
28,960
33,727
(4,767)
(14.1)
%
Selling, general administrative expenses
5,412
7,659
(2,247)
(29.3)
%
Dealer incentive
131
275
(144)
(52.4)
%
Income from operations
18,354
18,267
87
0.5
%
Other income (expense)
Non‑operating interest income
695
853
(158)
(18.5)
%
Miscellaneous, net
753
586
167
28.5
%
Interest expense
(91)
(56)
(35)
62.5
%
Total other
1,357
1,383
(26)
(1.9)
%
Income before income tax expense
19,711
19,650
61
0.3
%
Income tax expense
(3,435)
(3,558)
123
(3.5)
%
Net income
$
16,276
$
16,092
$
184
1.1
%
Product sales primarily consist of direct sales, commercial sales, inventory finance sales and retail store sales. Product sales decreased $8.5 million, or 16.4%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was driven by a decrease in unit volumes and a decrease in the conversion of certain independent dealer consignment arrangements to financing arrangements.
Net revenue attributable to our factory-built housing consisted of the following during the three months of 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands)
2023
2022
$ Change
% Change
Net revenue:
Products sold
$
43,318
$
51,787
$
(8,469)
(16.4)
%
Total products sold
688
802
(114)
(14.2)
%
Net revenue per product sold
$
63.0
$
64.6
$
(1.6)
(2.5)
%
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our net revenue per product sold decreased primarily due to changes in our product sales mix slightly offset by increases in unit prices over the first half of 2022, as rising material and labor costs were passed on to our customers. We had decreases in inventory finance sales, direct sales and retail store sales, partially offset by an increase in commercial sales and other product sales. Our commercial sales have lower margins than sales through our company-owned retail stores and our inventory financed sales. For the nine months ending March 31, 2023, we experienced a decrease in net revenue attributable to product sales due to the Company and the State of Georgia’s efforts to evaluate and improve the quality and consistency of homes manufactured in our Eatonton facility. These efforts have resulted in a temporary decrease in the rate of issuing HUD Labels of Certification and shipping finished homes from our Eatonton facility. We increased shipments from our Eatonton facility during the first quarter of 2023 and plan to meet or exceed historical levels in 2023.
Consumer and MHP loans interest income grew $0.9 million, or 13.9%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022 and is related to our increase in average outstanding MHP note
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portfolio balance and average outstanding consumer loan portfolio balance. Between March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 our MHP note portfolio increased by $44.0 million and our consumer loan portfolio increased by $14.1 million.
Other revenue primarily consists of dealer finance fees and commercial lease rents and increased $0.5 million, or 33.3% during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. This increase was primarily due to a $0.4 million increase in dealer finance fees and a $0.1 million increase in commercial lease rents.
The cost of product sales decreased $4.8 million, or 14.1%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease in costs is primarily related to the decrease in units sold.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $2.2 million, or 29.3%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily due to a $3.3 million decrease in salaries and incentive costs and a $0.4 million decrease in legal expense, partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in warranty costs, a $0.1 million increase in loan loss provision related to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , a $0.2 million increase in loan loss provision not related to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, a $0.1 million increase in advertising costs and a net $0.2 million increase in other miscellaneous costs.
Dealer incentive expense decreased $0.1 million, or 52.4%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022.
Other income (expense), net was flat during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. There was an increase of $0.2 million in miscellaneous income, net offset by a decrease of $0.2 million in non-operating interest income.
Income tax expense was $3.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $3.6 million for the same period in 2022. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 17.4% and differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a federal tax credit for energy efficient construction and partially offset by state income taxes. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was 18.1% and differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a federal tax credit for energy efficient construction and partially offset by state income taxes.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all cash and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We maintain cash balances in bank accounts that may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. We have not incurred any losses from such accounts and management considers the risk of loss to be minimal. We believe that cash flow from operations, cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2023, and availability on our lines of credit will be sufficient to fund our operations and provide for growth for the next 12 to 18 months and into the foreseeable future. In 2020, we negotiated a new credit agreement with Capital One, N.A. that expanded and extended our credit availability (see Indebtedness – Capital One Revolver , below). As of March 31, 2023, we had approximately $3.0 million in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $2.8 million as of December 31, 2022.
Cash Flow Activities
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands)
2023
2022
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
$
(2,691)
$
(1,057)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
$
(2,186)
$
5,460
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
$
5,292
$
(2,917)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
$
415
$
1,486
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
$
2,818
$
1,042
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
3,233
$
2,528
Comparison of Cash Flow Activities from March 31, 2023 to March 31, 2022
Net cash used in operating activities increased $1.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, primarily as a result of increased MHP originations net of collections, increased dealer inventory loan originations net of collections, increased volume of consumer loan originations net of principal collections, decrease in customer deposits, increased inventories, an increase in other assets and a decrease in accounts payable. The increase in cash used in operating activities was partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets and an increase in accrued liabilities.
Net cash used in investing activities of $2.2 million in 2023 was primarily attributable to $3.1 million used for loans to third parties for the development of manufactured housing parks and $0.8 million used for the acquisition of property plant and equipment. These were offset by $1.1 million in proceeds from the sale of leased property, $0.5 million of collections related to loans to third parties for the development of manufactured housing parks and collections of $0.1 million from our purchased consumer loans.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $5.3 million in 2023 was attributable to net proceeds of $5.3 million on our lines of credit. Net cash used in financing activities of $2.9 million in 2022 was attributable to net payments of $2.9 million on our lines of credit.
Indebtedness
Capital One Revolver. On March 30, 2020, we entered into an agreement with Capital One, N.A. (“Capital One”) for a new revolving line of credit (“Revolver”). The Revolver had a maximum credit limit of $70,000 and a maturity date of March 30, 2024.
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On June 21, 2022, we received a Reservation of Rights notice from Capital One. The letter stated that our Revolver was in default. The default condition occurred due to our failure to timely file the Form 10-K and deliver certain financial statements to Capital One. On July 28, 2022, we entered into a Limited Waiver and First Amendment to Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) with Capital One, N.A. The Amendment replaced the LIBOR borrowing rate with a secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) and waived a default arising out of a monetary judgement against the Company that exceeded the amount allowed in the Revolver.
On August 24, 2022, we received a Notice of Default and Partial Suspension of Loan Commitments from Capital One. The notice stated that the July 28, 2022 forbearance agreement had been terminated and that Capital One was suspending $50,000 of the $70,000 loan commitment under the Revolver. As a result, the available line of credit in the Revolver has been limited to $20,000.
The Revolver accrues interest at one-month SOFR plus 2.00%. The interest rates in effect as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are 6.66% and 6.12%, respectively. Amounts available under the Revolver are subject to a formula based on eligible consumer loans and MHP Notes and are secured by all accounts receivable, consumer loans and MHP Notes. The amount of available credit under the Revolver was $12,162 and $17,400 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In connection with the Revolver, we paid certain arrangement fees and other fees of approximately $295, which were capitalized as unamortized debt issuance costs and will be amortized to interest expense over the life of the Revolver.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, interest expense under the Revolver was $91 and $56, respectively. The outstanding balance as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $7,838 and $2,545, respectively. The Revolver requires the Company to comply with certain financial and non-financial covenants. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of as of March 31, 2023, including that we maintain a tangible net worth of at least $120,000 and that it maintain a ratio of debt to EBITDA of 4 to 1, or less.
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Contractual Obligations
The following table is a summary of contractual cash obligations as of March 31, 2023:
Payments Due by Period (in thousands)
Contractual Obligations
Total
2023
2024 - 2025
2026 - 2027
After 2027
Lines of credit
$
7,838
—
7,838
—
—
Operating lease obligations
$
2,661
512
1,198
837
114
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, net sales, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures. However, we do have a repurchase agreement with a financial institution that provides inventory financing for independent retailers of our products. Under this agreement, we have agreed to repurchase homes at declining prices over the term of the agreement (24 months). Our obligation under this repurchase agreement ceases upon the purchase of the home by the retail customer. The maximum amount of our contingent obligations under such repurchase agreements was approximately $8,396 and $8,925 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, without reduction for the resale value of the homes. We may be required to honor contingent repurchase obligations in the future and may incur additional expense as a consequence of these repurchase agreements. We consider our obligations on current contracts to be immaterial and accordingly we have not recorded any reserve for repurchase commitment as of March 31, 2023.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Critical accounting estimates are those that we believe are both significant and require us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often because we need to estimate the effect of inherently uncertain matters. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experiences and various other factors that we believe to be appropriate under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates, and we might obtain different estimates if we used different assumptions or conditions. Our critical accounting estimates are identified and described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Subsequent to the filing of our Annual Report, we adopted FASB’s ASC 326 for determining Current Expected Credit Losses. In connection with this adoption, we implemented certain changes to our processes and controls related to our methods for estimating allowances for credit losses.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 – Nature of Operations, Recent Accounting Pronouncements to our March 31, 2023 Condensed Financial Statements, included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements (Unaudited), of this Quarterly Report.
Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of these exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of this exemption.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Not applicable for smaller reporting companies
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